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Kim J, Kim HJ, Choi E, Cho M, Choi S, Jeon MA, Lee JS, Park H. Expansion of the HSP70 gene family in Tegillarca granosa and expression profiles in response to zinc toxicity. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:97-112. [PMID: 38272254 PMCID: PMC10939072 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient in organisms and an abundant element in the Earth's crust. Trace amounts of Zn released from natural sources can enter aquatic ecosystems through weathering and erosion. Zn accumulates in organisms, and when its intracellular concentration exceeds a certain level, it can induce oxidative stress and trigger oxidative stress-mediated heat shock protein (HSP) modulation. HSP70 is the most evolutionarily conserved among the HSP families. Despite extensive research on HSP70 genes in bivalves, the HSP70 gene family of Tegillarca granosa is still poorly characterized. We identified 65 HSP70 genes belonging to 6 families in the T. granosa genome, with 50 HSPa12 and 11 HSPa B2 genes highly expanded. On chromosome 11, 39 HSP70 (60%) genes were identified, and the HSPa12A genes were highly duplicated. A total of 527 and 538 differentially expressed genes were identified in the gills and mantle based on Zn exposure, respectively. The Gene Ontology of cellular anatomical entities was significantly enriched with upregulated differentially expressed genes in the gills and mantle. Eight of the 11 HSPa B2 genes were upregulated in both tissues. Most of the genes identified in both tissues were involved in "protein homeostasis" and "inhibition of apoptosis," which are associated with the HSP70 family's resistance to extrinsic and intrinsic stress. Hence, this study identified that the HSP70 gene family plays a vital role in the adaptation of aquatic organisms to heavy metal (e.g., Zn) stress in contaminated environments by compiling the different physiological responses to preserve homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmu Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Kim
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Korea
| | - Eunkyung Choi
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minjoo Cho
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soyun Choi
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Ae Jeon
- Aquaculture Management Division, South Sea Fisheries Research Institute, NIFS, Yeosu, Korea
| | - Jung Sick Lee
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Korea.
| | - Hyun Park
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
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Canli EG, Baykose A, Uslu LH, Canli M. Changes in energy reserves and responses of some biomarkers in freshwater mussels exposed to metal-oxide nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 98:104077. [PMID: 36740086 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, responses of various biomarkers in the digestive gland and foot muscle of freshwater mussels (Unio tigridis) were investigated following exposure to Al2O3, CuO and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) for 14 days at different concentrations (0, 1, 3 and 9 mg NP/L). Mussels were fed on unicellular algae (Chlorella vulgaris) cultured in the laboratory. NP exposures caused significant increases (p < 0.05) in the levels of total glutathione (GSH), reduced-glutathione (rGSH), oxidized-glutathione (GSSG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the digestive gland. Oppositely, there were significant (p < 0.05) decreases in acetylcholinesterase activity in the foot muscles. Total energy reserves of the digestive gland and foot muscle significantly (p < 0.05) decreased, but only at the highest NP exposures. Nevertheless, NP exposures did not alter (p > 0.05) the algae filtering capacity of mussels. This study demonstrated that the biomarkers belonging to different metabolic systems responded to NP exposures, suggesting their usage in the monitoring studies for freshwater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin G Canli
- University of Cukurova, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Baykose
- University of Cukurova, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Department of Biology, Adana, Turkey
| | - Leyla Hizarci Uslu
- University of Cukurova, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Basic Sciences, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Canli
- University of Cukurova, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Department of Biology, Adana, Turkey.
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Yang Q, Xiao G, Chen R, Huang X, Teng S. Immune responses of hemocytes in the blood clam Tegillarca granosa in response to in vivo Vibrio harveyi infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108447. [PMID: 36435369 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture of the blood clam Tegillarca granosa accounts for approximately 50% of Arcidae (ark shell) production in China. Vibrio infection severely threatens the sustainability of the clam aquaculture industry. Exposure to Vibrio induces an immune response in blood clams. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, immune responses of hemocytes in blood clams were detected after Vibrio infection; the immersion method was used in vivo to mimic the clam's natural infection process. After 24 h of exposure to Vibrio infection, the Vibrio load in hemolymph fluid in both the treatment Ⅰ (25,033.33 ± 19,563.11 CFU/mL) and treatment Ⅱ (122,163.33 ± 194,409.49 CFU/mL) groups were significantly higher, than that in the control group (13.67 ± 37.73 CFU/mL) (P < 0.05). Correspondingly, the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species was approximately 1.40 (treatment Ⅰ) and 2.12 (treatment Ⅱ) fold higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and the induced DNA damage showed a similar trend (P < 0.05). Vibrio infection also significantly increased lysozyme content, adenosine triphosphate content, and peroxidase isozyme activity, in both the serum and hemocyte lysates (P < 0.05). The expression of immune-associated genes (ABCA3, c-Myc, Caspase 3, and HSP70) was upregulated under infection conditions. The phagocytic activity was approximately 1.99 (treatment Ⅰ) and 2.57 (treatment Ⅱ) fold that in control clams (P < 0.05). In addition, the total hemocyte count and red granulocyte percentage both significantly decreased by approximately 75-90% after Vibrio infection. These results provided novel insights into the mechanism of hemocyte immunity in T. granosa against Vibrio infection, which may aid in the future prevention and control of Vibrio infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyuan Yang
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325005, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Guoqiang Xiao
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325005, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325005, China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325005, China.
| | - Shuangshuang Teng
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325005, China.
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Expression of ABCA3 transporter gene in Tegillarca granosa and its association with cadmium accumulation. Gene 2022; 845:146865. [PMID: 36067865 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal, can cause strong and toxic side effects. Cd can enter the body of organisms in several ways, leading to various pathological reactions in the body. Tegillarca granosa is a kind of bivalve shellfish favored by people in the coastal areas of China. Bivalve shellfish can easily absorb heavy metal pollutants from water bodies while filter feeding. T. granosa is considered a hyper-accumulator of Cd, and the TgABCA3 gene is highly expressed in individuals with a high content of Cd-exposed blood clam. However, it is unclear whether TgABCA3 is involved in Cd ion transport in blood clam and the molecular mechanism for the mechanism of the Cd-induced responses for maintaining cell homeostasis. In this study, the complete cDNA of the TgABCA3 gene was analyzed to provide insights into the roles of TgABCA3 in resistance against Cd in blood clam. The complete sequence of TgABCA3 showed high identity to that of TgABCA3 from other bivalves and contained some classical motifs of ATP-binding cassette transport proteins. TgABCA3 expression in different tissues was measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis. The tissue-specific expression showed that TgABCA3 expression was highest in the gill tissue. The TgABCA3 expression in the gill tissue was silenced using the RNA interference technique. After TgABCA3 silencing, the TgABCA3 expression decreased, the Cd content increased, the oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates increased, and the ingestion rate decreased. These results showing that the extents of Cd accumulation and resulting toxic effects are related to expression levels and activity of TgABCA3 indicate that TgABCA3 has a protective function against Cd in the clam. This increase in Cd accumulation results in serious damage to the body, leading to the enhancement of its physiological metabolism. Therefore, the findings of the study demonstrated that TgABCA3 can participate in the transport of Cd ions in the blood clam through active transport and play a vital role in Cd detoxification.
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Chelyadina NS, Popov MA, Pospelova NV, Smyrnova LL. Effects of heavy metals on sex inversion of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam., 1819 in coastal zone of the Black Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114323. [PMID: 36347192 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sex inversion in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis under the influence of heavy metals as one of the reasons for the shift in the sex ratio in the mussel population on the Black Sea coastal zone of Crimea were considered in the work. The present study is the first to directly show that heavy metals can cause females of the mussel M. galloprovincialis to change into males during post-spawning development of gonads. The degree of impact of heavy metals on the sex change in mussel females was different and decreased in the following sequence: Cu2+ → Cd2+ → Hg2+ → Pb2+ → Zn2+. Copper ions had the greatest effect, which caused a sex inversion in 54 % of females. The heavy metals Hg2+ and Pb2+ were also quite toxic causing mortality in 13 % and 10 % of individuals, respectively. It is possible to use M. galloprovincialis as a model organism in the study of mechanism of environmental sex reversal in bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Chelyadina
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Nakhimov ave. 2, 299011 Sevastopol, Russian Federation
| | - M A Popov
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Nakhimov ave. 2, 299011 Sevastopol, Russian Federation
| | - N V Pospelova
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Nakhimov ave. 2, 299011 Sevastopol, Russian Federation.
| | - L L Smyrnova
- Institute of Natural and Technical Systems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin str. 28, 299011 Sevastopol, Russian Federation
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Zhao D, Hu G, Chen R, Xiao G, Teng S. Molecular cloning, characterization, and tissue distribution of c-Myc from blood clam Tegillarca granosa and its role in cadmium-induced stress response. Gene 2022; 834:146611. [PMID: 35618219 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution threatens the cultivation of the blood clam Tegillarca granosa (T. granosa) in coastal regions of the East China Sea. The molecular mechanisms regulating Cd stress response and detoxification in blood clams are largely unclear. In the present study, the full-length T. granosa c-Myc (Tgc-Myc) cDNA was cloned for the first time. The 3063-bp cDNA consisted of a 129-bp 5' untranslated region (UTR), a 1746-bp 3' UTR, and a 1188-bp open reading frame encoding a predicted protein of 395 amino acid residues. The predicted protein had a calculated molecular weight of 44.9 kDa and an estimated isoelectric point of 6.82. The predicted protein contained an N-terminal transactivation domain and a C-terminal basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper domain, which are conserved functional domains of c-Myc proteins. Tgc-Myc showed broad tissue distribution in blood clams, with the highest expression detected in the gill and hepatopancreas. Exposure to Cd, a major heavy metal pollutant in coastal regions of the East China Sea, induced Tgc-Myc expression in gill tissues. Tgc-Myc knockdown led to reduced expression of a variety of stress response/detoxification genes in blood clams cultivated in Cd-contaminated seawater. Tgc-Myc knockdown also led to decreased expression of IGF1R, a proto-oncogene that promotes cell proliferation. These findings indicated that Tgc-Myc regulates Cd-induced stress response and detoxification in blood clams. The upregulation of Tgc-Myc may serve as an approach to generate strains with an enhanced detoxification response and consequently a low heavy metal buildup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defeng Zhao
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Zhejiang Key Lab of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Wenzhou 325005, China; Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Gaoyu Hu
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Zhejiang Key Lab of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Wenzhou 325005, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Zhejiang Key Lab of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Wenzhou 325005, China
| | - Guoqiang Xiao
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Zhejiang Key Lab of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Wenzhou 325005, China; Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Shuangshuang Teng
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Zhejiang Key Lab of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Wenzhou 325005, China.
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Canli EG, Celenk A, Canli M. Accumulation and Distribution of Nanoparticles (Al 2O 3, CuO, and TiO 2) in Tissues of Freshwater Mussel (Unio tigridis). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 108:702-707. [PMID: 34748045 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater mussels are used as an effective bioindicator of metal pollution. There is no data on the accumulation of any metal-oxide nanoparticles (NPs) in tissues of Unio tigridis. Thus, this study was undertaken to investigate accumulation of Al2O3, CuO, and TiO2 NPs following exposure to different concentrations (0, 1, 3, and 9 mg/L) of NPs for 14 days. Metal concentrations in tissues were determined by ICP-MS, while NP presence was demonstrated by transmission electron microscope (TEM) images. During the experiments, mussels were fed with cultured algae (Chlorella vulgaris). TEM images demonstrated the presence of NPs in digestive gland and muscle. TEM images also suggested that NPs were taken via the lysosomes or endosomes. Highest mean concentrations (µg/g d.w.) of aluminium (76.51), copper (111.63) and titanium (113.83) occurred in the gills and followed by the digestive glands and muscles. Algae consumption of mussels did not significantly differ among controls and NP-exposed groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin G Canli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, University of Nigde Omer Halisdemir, Nigde, Turkey.
| | - Alper Celenk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary of Ceyhan, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Canli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
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Han Y, Shi W, Tang Y, Zhou W, Sun H, Zhang J, Yan M, Hu L, Liu G. Microplastics and bisphenol A hamper gonadal development of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) by interfering with metabolism and disrupting hormone regulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:152354. [PMID: 34914981 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gonadal development is a prerequisite for the reproductive success of an organism, and might be affected by environmental factors such as emergent pollutants. Although marine crustaceans are threatened by ubiquitous emergent pollutants such as microplastics (MPs) and bisphenol A (BPA) under realistic scenarios, studies about the impacts of these pollutants on the gonadal development of crustacean species are rare. In this study, the effects of MPs and BPA, alone or in combination, on gonadal development were investigated in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The results obtained demonstrated that whiteleg shrimp exposed to MPs and BPA had significantly smaller gonad-somatic index (GSI) and an obvious delay in the gonad developmental stage. In addition, exposure of whiteleg shrimp to pollutants tested resulted in a reduction in the oxygen consumption rate, elevation in the ammonia excretion rate, decline in the O: N ratio, and downregulation in the expression of metabolism-related genes, indicating significant disruptions of shrimp metabolism by the pollutants. Furthermore, in addition to a few exceptions, both the in vivo contents of gonadal development-related hormones (GIH and MIH) and the expression of genes encoding regulatory hormones (GIH, MIH, and CHH) were upregulated by the exposure of whiteleg shrimp to the pollutants investigated, suggesting a significant obstruction of endocrine regulation. Moreover, MP-BPA coexposure was shown to be more toxic to whiteleg shrimp than the corresponding single exposures and significantly greater amount of BPA accumulated in the gonads (both testis and ovaries) of shrimp with the coexistence of MPs, which may be caused by the Trojan horse effect and summation of the toxic impacts on common targets. In general, the data obtained in this study demonstrated that MPs and BPA at environmentally realistic concentrations significantly inhibited the gonadal development of whiteleg shrimp probably by interfering with metabolism and disrupting endocrine regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weishang Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongxiang Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiongming Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-resource, Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, China
| | - Maocang Yan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-resource, Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, China
| | - Lihua Hu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-resource, Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Khoei AJ. Seasonal heavy metal accumulations in the bivalve Barbatia decussate and their relationships with water quality and the metal-induced biochemical biomarkers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:16103-16112. [PMID: 34642888 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16893-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal tissue concentrations of heavy metals, antioxidant enzymes, immunological components, and water quality parameters were investigated during 1 year in the ark clam, Barbatia decussate, from the coast of Lengeh port, located in the north of the Persian Gulf, Iran. The tissue accumulation of the heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Hg) significantly increased accumulations in late autumn and winter (P < 0.01). Theconcentrations of Ni and Cr nearly remained unchanged throughout the 1 year sampling period (P > 0.01). Seasonal changes were also observed in metal-induced biochemical components. In this regard, the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) elevated throughout spring and summer and then declined during autumn and winter (P < 0.01). Phagocytosis activity significantly decreased from December to February and then increased from March to September (P < 0.01). Total hemocyte counts decreased from October to March and then elevated until April (P < 0.01). Significant relationships were found between tissue heavy metal concentrations, water quality parameters, and biochemical components (P < 0.01). The negative correlations were O2 vs. antioxidant enzymes, phagocytosis, and total counts of the hemocytes (THCs); pH vs. SOD; salinity vs. Cr; and temperature vs. GPx and Ni. Positive correlations were O2 vs. Cd, Pb, Hg, and Ni; temperature vs. phagocytosis and THCs; and turbidity vs. phagocytosis, THCs, CAT, and GPx. The results of the present study showed a seasonal pattern in the accumulation of heavy metals, with maximum levels in winter for the ark clam, B. decussate . Furthermore, antioxidant defense and immunity of B. decussate are reduced during winter, which may make B. decussate susceptible to diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Javanshir Khoei
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Canli EG, Canli M. Antioxidant system biomarkers of freshwater mussel ( Unio tigridis) respond to nanoparticle (Al 2O 3, CuO, TiO 2) exposures. Biomarkers 2021; 26:434-442. [PMID: 33781138 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.1909655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mussels are known as the natural filters of the aquatic systems and are accepted as one of the best bioindicator organism. There is no data on the response of Unio tigridis to metal-oxide nanoparticle (NP) exposures. This study aimed to investigate the response of the antioxidant enzymes of U. tigridis following exposure to NPs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mussels were exposed to different concentrations (0, 1, 3, 9 mg NP/L) of Al2O3, CuO and TiO2 NPs for 14 days and subsequently, the activities of CAT (catalase), SOD (superoxide dismutase), GPx (glutathione peroxidase), GST (glutathione S-transferase) and GR (glutathione reductase) were measured in the gill and digestive gland. Mussels were fed with cultured unicellular algae (Chlorella vulgaris) during experiments. RESULTS Data showed that algae consumptions of mussels were not significantly (p>0.05) altered by NPs. However, all enzyme activities in the digestive gland and gill altered significantly (p<0.05) after NP exposures. The activities of CAT and SOD decreased, while the activities of enzymes belonging to glutathione metabolism (GPx and GST) increased in both tissues. CONCLUSION This study representing the first record on the antioxidant system response of U. tigridis toward NP exposures suggests that NP toxicity should be investigated thoroughly in organisms and some regulations must be done on their usages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin G Canli
- University of Nigde Omer Halisdemir, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Department of Biology, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Canli
- University of Cukurova, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Department of Biology, Adana, Turkey
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Zhou W, Tang Y, Du X, Han Y, Shi W, Sun S, Zhang W, Zheng H, Liu G. Fine polystyrene microplastics render immune responses more vulnerable to two veterinary antibiotics in a bivalve species. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:111995. [PMID: 33493858 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.111995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Living in close proximity to the sediment of coastal areas, bivalves may be exposed to veterinary antibiotic residuals and microplastics (MPs) simultaneously. However, the immunotoxic impacts of veterinary antibiotics remain unknown in bivalves, let alone their interactions with MPs. Therefore, the immune responses of two representative veterinary antibiotics, oxytetracycline and florfenicol, was investigated in a bivalve species, the blood clam (Tegillarca granosa). The effects of the copresence of MPs on the immune responses triggered by these antibiotics were also analyzed. Results showed that exposure to antibiotics investigated led to significant alteration in hematic parameters and reduction in lectin content in serum. In addition to inducing ROS production, aggravating lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, and suppressing the hemocyte viability, antibiotic treatments also downregulated the expression of immune- and detoxification-related genes but upregulated apoptosis-related Caspase-3. Furthermore, the toxic impacts of antibiotics were found to be significantly increased by the copresence of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishang Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xueying Du
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shuge Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Weixia Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Huoqing Zheng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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Yee-Duarte JA, Racotta IS, Camacho-Mondragón MA, Roldán-Wong NT, Carreño-León DP, Shumilin E, Kidd KA, Arellano-Martínez M. Contrasting reproductive health of female clams Megapitaria squalida from two nearby metal-polluted sites in the Gulf of California: Potential effects of copper, lead, and cobalt. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111583. [PMID: 32861942 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of chronic exposure to metals on energy reserves and reproduction in the clam Megapitaria squalida in two nearby populations exposed to different levels of pollution from mining operations in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Female M. squalida from San Lucas beach had good reproductive health status, whereas Santa Rosalia specimens consistently showed low energy reserves, massive oocyte resorption throughout the year, high frequencies of undifferentiated individuals, low proportions of ripe and spawning organisms, smaller and fewer oocytes per follicle, and significantly lower follicular areas. Ovarian levels of Co, Cu, Pb, Mn, and Zn were consistently higher in clams from Santa Rosalia. The poor reproductive health of clams inhabiting this site may be attributed to their long-term exposure to high Co, Cu, and Pb concentrations, as these have been shown to cause toxicity and reproductive impairments in other marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Alonso Yee-Duarte
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Pesca y Acuacultura, Centro Regional de Investigación Acuícola y Pesquera La Paz, Carretera a Pichilingue Km 1, Col. Esterito, C.P. 23020 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
| | - Ilie S Racotta
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Mar Bermejo 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23000 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
| | - Marian Alejandra Camacho-Mondragón
- Instituto Nacional de Pesca y Acuacultura, Centro Regional de Investigación Acuícola y Pesquera La Paz, Carretera a Pichilingue Km 1, Col. Esterito, C.P. 23020 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
| | - Nefertiti Taydé Roldán-Wong
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
| | - Diana Patricia Carreño-León
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Mar Bermejo 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23000 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
| | - Evgueni Shumilin
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
| | - Karen A Kidd
- Department of Biological Sciences and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada.
| | - Marcial Arellano-Martínez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
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13
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Weng N, Wang WX. Seasonal fluctuations of metal bioaccumulation and reproductive health of local oyster populations in a large contaminated estuary. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:175-185. [PMID: 30995571 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite of much evidence of trace metal pollution in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), the seasonal dynamics of metal bioavailability as well as the potential impacts of metal pollution on the local marine organisms in this estuary is poorly understood. In the present study, the accumulation of trace metals and reproductive states of three populations of oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis, a keystone bivalve species in the PRE, were for the first time investigated throughout a one-year field study. Significant temporal fluctuations of metal accumulation were observed in the somatic tissues of oysters, suggesting seasonal variations of metal bioavailability in the PRE. A major feature of the seasonal variations was the increased levels of metal bioaccumulation in the summer season for the contaminated sites nearby the major river inlets. High riverine inputs accompanied by relatively lower salinity in summer may greatly contribute to such variations. Furthermore, oyster populations from two contaminated sites had a poor reproductive condition in comparison with the reference oyster population, as reflected by a significant decrease of gonad-somatic index (GSI) and gonad cover area (GCA), as well as an obvious change of sex ratios. Gonadal metal accumulation of Cu, Zn, Ni, Co and Pb in the contaminated oysters was much higher than that in the relatively uncontaminated oysters. Especially, the concentrations of these metals in the gonad during the breeding season had significantly negative correlations with the gonad condition indexes (GSI and GCA). Our results suggested strong seasonal fluctuations of bioavailability of trace metals in this highly contaminated estuary as well as an adverse effect of metal pollution on the reproduction of local oyster populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanyan Weng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, and Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, and Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China.
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14
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Shi W, Han Y, Guan X, Rong J, Du X, Zha S, Tang Y, Liu G. Anthropogenic Noise Aggravates the Toxicity of Cadmium on Some Physiological Characteristics of the Blood Clam Tegillarca granosa. Front Physiol 2019; 10:377. [PMID: 31001147 PMCID: PMC6456685 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread applications of cadmium (Cd) in various products have caused Cd contamination in marine ecosystems. Meanwhile, human activities in the ocean have also generated an increasing amount of noise in recent decades. Although anthropogenic noise and Cd contaminants could be present simultaneously in marine environments, the physiological responses of marine bivalve mollusks upon coexposure to anthropogenic noise and toxic metal contaminants, including Cd remain unclear. Therefore, the combined effects of anthropogenic noise and Cd on the physiological characteristics of the blood clam Tegillarca granosa were investigated in this study. The results showed that 10 days of coexposure to anthropogenic noise and Cd can enhance adverse impacts on metabolic processes, as indicated by the clearance rate, respiration rate, ammonium excretion rate, and O:N ratio of T. granosa. In addition, both the ATP content, ATP synthase activity and genes encoding important enzymes in ATP synthesis significantly declined after coexposures to anthropogenic noise and Cd, which have resulted from reduced feeding activity and respiration. Furthermore, the expressions of neurotransmitter-related genes (MAO, AChE, and mAChR3) were all significantly down-regulated after coexposure to anthropogenic noise and Cd, which suggests an enhanced neurotoxicity under coexposure. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that anthropogenic noise and Cd would have synergetic effects on the feeding activity, metabolism, and ATP synthesis of T. granosa, which may be due to the add-on of stress responses and neurotransmitter disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofan Guan
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahuan Rong
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueying Du
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanjie Zha
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Su W, Shi W, Han Y, Hu Y, Ke A, Wu H, Liu G. The health risk for seafood consumers under future ocean acidification (OA) scenarios: OA alters bioaccumulation of three pollutants in an edible bivalve species through affecting the in vivo metabolism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:2987-2995. [PMID: 30373075 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The current knowledge about the effect of pCO2-driven ocean acidification on the bioaccumulation of pollutants in marine species is still scarce, as only limited types of pollutants have been investigated. Therefore, to obtain a better understanding of the effect of ocean acidification on the process of bioaccumulation and subsequent food safety, the accumulation of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), chloramphenicol (CAP), and nitrofurazone (NFZ) in an edible bivalve species, Tegillarca granosa, under present and near-future ocean acidification scenarios was investigated in the present study. The health risks associated with consuming contaminated blood clams were also assessed using target hazard quotient (THQ), lifetime cancer risk (CR), or margin of exposure (MoE). To explain the alterations in bioaccumulation of these pollutants, the expressions of genes encoding corresponding key metabolic proteins were analyzed as well. The results obtained showed that ocean acidification exerted a significant effect on the accumulation of B[a]P, NFZ, and CAP in the clams. After four-week exposure to B[a]P, NFZ, or CAP contaminated seawater acidified with CO2 at pH 7.8 and 7.4, significantly greater amounts of B[a]P and lower amounts of NFZ and CAP were accumulated in the clams compared to that in the control. Although no non-carcinogenic risk of consuming B[a]P-contaminated blood clams was detected using the THQ values obtained, the CR values obtained indicated a high life-time risk in all groups. In addition, according to the MoE values obtained, the health risks in terms of consuming NFZ- and CAP-contaminated clams were significantly reduced under ocean acidification scenarios but still cannot be ignored, especially for children. The gene expression results showed that the ability of clams to eliminate B[a]P may be significantly constrained, whereas the ability to eliminate NFZ and CAP may be enhanced under ocean acidification scenarios, indicating that the changes in the accumulation of these pollutants may be due to the altered in vivo metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Su
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Aiying Ke
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Hongxi Wu
- Zhejiang Fisheries Technology Extension Station, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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16
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Shi W, Guan X, Han Y, Guo C, Rong J, Su W, Zha S, Wang Y, Liu G. Waterborne Cd 2+ weakens the immune responses of blood clam through impacting Ca 2+ signaling and Ca 2+ related apoptosis pathways. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 77:208-213. [PMID: 29609026 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to heavy metals such as Cadmium (Cd) may exert detrimental impacts on the immune responses of marine bivalve species. However, the immunotoxicity of Cd on blood clams remains unknown to date. Furthermore, though Cd2+ is known to compete with calcium (Ca2+) ions for their binding sites in cells and inhibit Ca2+ influx, whether Cd2+ weakens the immune responses of marine bivalves through inducing intracellular Ca2+ disorders still remains unclear. Therefore, the immunotoxicity of Cd2+ at different waterborne Ca2+ concentrations on blood clam, Tegillarca granosa, were investigated in the present study. Results obtained demonstrated that the total number, phagocytic activity, and red granulocytes ratio of the haemocytes were all significantly reduced after 10 days exposure of individuals to 25 μg/L Cd2+. However, when the waterborne Ca2+ concentrations were elevated by 10% and 20% (approximately 370 and 410 mg/L, respectively), mitigation effects on the immune responses of individuals were detected. In addition, though the expressions of genes from the Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+-related apoptosis pathways were significantly altered by Cd2+ exposure, the expression patterns of these genes were similar to that of the control when the waterborne Ca2+ concentrations were elevated, suggesting a relieving effect of waterborne Ca2+ on Cd2+ induced toxicity to haemocytes. The results obtained in the present study revealed that waterborne Cd2+ may hamper the immune responses of T. granosa through influencing Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+-related apoptosis pathways, which can be partially mitigated by elevating the waterborne Ca2+ concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaofan Guan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Cheng Guo
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiahuan Rong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenhao Su
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shanjie Zha
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yichen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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17
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Mandich M. Ranked effects of heavy metals on marine bivalves in laboratory mesocosms: A meta-analysis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 131:773-781. [PMID: 29887005 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bivalves are commonly used as biomonitors for heavy metal pollution in marine environments because they accumulate heavy metal ions quickly, are sessile, abundant, and widely dispersed, and adult mortality from contamination is rare. However, the breadth of experiments used to measure the effect of heavy metal contamination can obscure general trends. It is unclear which heavy metals cause the most severe effects, how severity varies with exposure concentration and duration, and whether effects vary with level of biological organization. I conducted a meta-analysis of 48 mesocosm studies on the effects of heavy metal ions - silver, cadmium, copper, mercury, lead, and zinc - on marine bivalves. The ordering of effect sizes was Pb > Hg > Cu > Zn > Cd > Ag. The significance and direction of concentration and duration as moderators depended on the metal and the biological level. Future studies should consider non-linear effects over time and concentration, and measure both bioaccumulation and effect of the metals being studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenzie Mandich
- University of Chicago, 5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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18
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Su W, Rong J, Zha S, Yan M, Fang J, Liu G. Ocean Acidification Affects the Cytoskeleton, Lysozymes, and Nitric Oxide of Hemocytes: A Possible Explanation for the Hampered Phagocytosis in Blood Clams, Tegillarca granosa. Front Physiol 2018; 9:619. [PMID: 29875703 PMCID: PMC5974108 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An enormous amount of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) has been dissolved into the ocean, leading to a lower pH and changes in the chemical properties of seawater, which has been termed ocean acidification (OA). The impacts of pCO2-driven acidification on immunity have been revealed recently in various marine organisms. However, the mechanism causing the reduction in phagocytosis still remains unclear. Therefore, the impacts of pCO2-driven OA at present and near-future levels (pH values of 8.1, 7.8, and 7.4) on the rate of phagocytosis, the abundance of cytoskeleton components, the levels of nitric oxide (NO), and the concentration and activity of lysozymes (LZM) of hemocytes were investigated in a commercial bivalve species, the blood clam (Tegillarca granosa). In addition, the effects of OA on the expression of genes regulating actin skeleton and nitric oxide synthesis 2 (NOS2) were also analyzed. The results obtained showed that the phagocytic rate, cytoskeleton component abundance, concentration and activity of LZM of hemocytes were all significantly reduced after a 2-week exposure to the future OA scenario of a pH of 7.4. On the contrary, a remarkable increase in the concentration of NO compared to that of the control was detected in clams exposed to OA. Furthermore, the expression of genes regulating the actin cytoskeleton and NOS were significantly up-regulated after OA exposure. Though the mechanism causing phagocytosis seemed to be complicated based on the results obtained in the present study and those reported previously, our results suggested that OA may reduce the phagocytosis of hemocytes by (1) decreasing the abundance of cytoskeleton components and therefore hampering the cytoskeleton-mediated process of engulfment, (2) reducing the concentration and activity of LZM and therefore constraining the degradation of the engulfed pathogen through an oxygen-independent pathway, and (3) inducing the production of NO, which may negatively regulate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Su
- Agriculture-Environment-Biology Group, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahuan Rong
- Agriculture-Environment-Biology Group, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanjie Zha
- Agriculture-Environment-Biology Group, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Maocang Yan
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- Agriculture-Environment-Biology Group, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Zha S, Liu S, Su W, Shi W, Xiao G, Yan M, Liu G. Laboratory simulation reveals significant impacts of ocean acidification on microbial community composition and host-pathogen interactions between the blood clam and Vibrio harveyi. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 71:393-398. [PMID: 29056489 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that climate change may promote the outbreaks of diseases in the sea through altering the host susceptibility, the pathogen virulence, and the host-pathogen interaction. However, the impacts of ocean acidification (OA) on the pathogen components of bacterial community and the host-pathogen interaction of marine bivalves are still poorly understood. Therefore, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and host-pathogen interaction analysis between blood clam (Tegillarca granosa) and Vibrio harveyi were conducted in the present study to gain a better understanding of the ecological impacts of ocean acidification. The results obtained revealed a significant impact of ocean acidification on the composition of microbial community at laboratory scale. Notably, the abundance of Vibrio, a major group of pathogens to many marine organisms, was significantly increased under ocean acidification condition. In addition, the survival rate and haemolytic activity of V. harveyi were significantly higher in the presence of haemolymph of OA treated T. granosa, indicating a compromised immunity of the clam and enhanced virulence of V. harveyi under future ocean acidification scenarios. Conclusively, the results obtained in this study suggest that future ocean acidification may increase the risk of Vibrio pathogen infection for marine bivalve species, such as blood clams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjie Zha
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Saixi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenhao Su
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Xiao
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Maocang Yan
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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20
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Shi W, Han Y, Guo C, Zhao X, Liu S, Su W, Wang Y, Zha S, Chai X, Liu G. Ocean acidification hampers sperm-egg collisions, gamete fusion, and generation of Ca 2+ oscillations of a broadcast spawning bivalve, Tegillarca granosa. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 130:106-112. [PMID: 28750793 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the effect of ocean acidification on fertilization success of marine organisms is increasingly well documented, the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. The fertilization success of broadcast spawning invertebrates depends on successful sperm-egg collisions, gamete fusion, and standard generation of Ca2+ oscillations. Therefore, the realistic effects of future ocean pCO2 levels on these specific aspects of fertilization of Tegillarca granosa were investigated in the present study through sperm velocity trials, fertilization kinetics model analysis, and intracellular Ca2+ assays, respectively. Results obtained indicated that ocean acidification significantly reduced the fertilization success of T. granosa, which could be accountable by (i) decreased sperm velocity hence reducing the probability for sperm-egg collisions; (ii) lowered probability of gamete fusion for each gamete collision event; and (iii) disrupted intracellular Ca2+ oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Cheng Guo
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xinguo Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Saixi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenhao Su
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yichen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shanjie Zha
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xueliang Chai
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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21
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Su W, Zha S, Wang Y, Shi W, Xiao G, Chai X, Wu H, Liu G. Benzo[a]pyrene exposure under future ocean acidification scenarios weakens the immune responses of blood clam, Tegillarca granosa. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 63:465-470. [PMID: 28254499 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are known to converge into the ocean and accumulate in the sediment, posing great threats to marine organisms such as the sessile bottom burrowing bivalves. However, the immune toxicity of POPs, such as B[a]P, under future ocean acidification scenarios remains poorly understood to date. Therefore, in the present study, the impacts of B[a]P exposure on the immune responses of a bivalve species, Tegillarca granosa, under present and future ocean acidification scenarios were investigated. Results obtained revealed an increased immune toxicity of B[a]P under future ocean acidification scenarios in terms of reduced THC, altered haemocyte composition, and hampered phagocytosis, which may attribute to the synergetic effects of B[a]P and ocean acidification. In addition, the gene expressions of pathogen pattern recognition receptors (TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR6), pathway mediators (TRAF6, TAK1, TAB2, IKKα and Myd88), and effectors (NF-ĸB) of the important immune related pathways were significantly down-regulated upon exposure to B[a]P under future ocean acidification scenarios. Results of the present study suggested an increased immune toxicity of B[a]P under future ocean acidification scenarios, which will significantly hamper the immune responses of T. granosa and subsequently render individuals more susceptible to pathogens challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Su
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shanjie Zha
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yichen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Xiao
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Xueliang Chai
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Hongxi Wu
- Zhejiang Fisheries Technology Extension Station, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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22
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Shao Y, Chai X, Xiao G, Zhang J, Lin Z, Liu G. Population Genetic Structure of the Blood Clam,Tegillarca granosa, Along the Pacific Coast of Asia: Isolation by Distance in the Sea. MALACOLOGIA 2016. [DOI: 10.4002/040.059.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Liu S, Shi W, Guo C, Zhao X, Han Y, Peng C, Chai X, Liu G. Ocean acidification weakens the immune response of blood clam through hampering the NF-kappa β and toll-like receptor pathways. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 54:322-7. [PMID: 27109580 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The impact of pCO2 driven ocean acidification on marine bivalve immunity remains poorly understood. To date, this impact has only been investigated in a few bivalve species and the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. In the present study, the effects of the realistic future ocean pCO2 levels (pH at 8.1, 7.8, and 7.4) on the total number of haemocyte cells (THC), phagocytosis status, blood cell types composition, and expression levels of twelve genes from the NF-kappa β signaling and toll-like receptor pathways of a typical bottom burrowing bivalve, blood clam (Tegillarca granosa), were investigated. The results obtained showed that while both THC number and phagocytosis frequency were significantly reduced, the percentage of red and basophil granulocytes were significantly decreased and increased, respectively, upon exposure to elevated pCO2. In addition, exposure to pCO2 acidified seawater generally led to a significant down-regulation in the inducer and key response genes of NF-kappa β signaling and toll-like receptor pathways. The results of the present study revealed that ocean acidification may hamper immune responses of the bivalve T. granosa which subsequently render individuals more susceptible to pathogens attacks such as those from virus and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saixi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Cheng Guo
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xinguo Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chao Peng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xueliang Chai
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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24
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Esteban S, Moreno-Merino L, Matellanes R, Catalá M, Gorga M, Petrovic M, López de Alda M, Barceló D, Silva A, Durán JJ, López-Martínez J, Valcárcel Y. Presence of endocrine disruptors in freshwater in the northern Antarctic Peninsula region. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 147:179-92. [PMID: 26882535 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The increasing human presence in Antarctica and the waste it generates is causing an impact on the environment at local and border scale. The main sources of anthropic pollution have a mainly local effect, and include the burning of fossil fuels, waste incineration, accidental spillage and wastewater effluents, even when treated. The aim of this work is to determine the presence and origin of 30 substances of anthropogenic origin considered to be, or suspected of being, endocrine disruptors in the continental waters of the Antarctic Peninsula region. We also studied a group of toxic metals, metalloids and other elements with possible endocrine activity. Ten water samples were analyzed from a wide range of sources, including streams, ponds, glacier drain, and an urban wastewater discharge into the sea. Surprisingly, the concentrations detected are generally similar to those found in other studies on continental waters in other parts of the world. The highest concentrations of micropollutants found correspond to the group of organophosphate flame retardants (19.60-9209ngL(-1)) and alkylphenols (1.14-7225ngL(-1)); and among toxic elements the presence of aluminum (a possible hormonal modifier) (1.7-127µgL(-1)) is significant. The concentrations detected are very low and insufficient to cause acute or subacute toxicity in aquatic organisms. However, little is known as yet of the potential sublethal and chronic effects of this type of pollutants and their capacity for bioaccumulation. These results point to the need for an ongoing system of environmental monitoring of these substances in Antarctic continental waters, and the advisability of regulating at least the most environmentally hazardous of these in the Antarctic legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Esteban
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Health Research Group (Toxamb), Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas s/n, E-28922 Alcorcón, (Madrid), Spain.
| | - L Moreno-Merino
- Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), C/ Ríos Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Matellanes
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Health Research Group (Toxamb), Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas s/n, E-28922 Alcorcón, (Madrid), Spain
| | - M Catalá
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Health Research Group (Toxamb), Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas s/n, E-28922 Alcorcón, (Madrid), Spain; Biology and Geology Department, ESCET, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda Tulipán s/n, Mostoles, (Madrid), Spain
| | - M Gorga
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Edifici H2O, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M López de Alda
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Edifici H2O, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - A Silva
- National Institute of Water, Empalme J. Newbery km 1,620, Ezeiza, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J J Durán
- Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), C/ Ríos Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - J López-Martínez
- Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Valcárcel
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Health Research Group (Toxamb), Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas s/n, E-28922 Alcorcón, (Madrid), Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health, Inmunology and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciencies, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas s/n, E-28922 Alcorcón, (Madrid), Spain.
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25
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Thyrring J, Juhl BK, Holmstrup M, Blicher ME, Sejr MK. Does acute lead (Pb) contamination influence membrane fatty acid composition and freeze tolerance in intertidal blue mussels in arctic Greenland? ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 24:2036-42. [PMID: 26438355 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1539-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In their natural habitats, organisms are exposed to multiple stressors. Heavy metal contamination stresses the cell membrane due to increased peroxidation of lipids. Likewise, sub-zero air temperatures potentially reduce membrane functionality in ectothermal animals. We tested if acute lead (Pb) exposure for 7 days would influence survival in intertidal blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) after exposure to realistic sub-zero air temperatures. A full factorial experiment with five tissue Pb concentrations between 0 and 3500 μg Pb/g and six sub-zero temperatures from 0 to -17 °C were used to test the hypothesis that sub-lethal effects of Pb may increase the lethality caused by freezing in blue mussels exposed to temperatures simulating Greenland winter conditions. We found a significant effect of temperature on mortality. However, the short-term exposure to Pb did not result in any effects of Pb, nor did we find interactions between Pb and temperature. We analysed the relative abundance of major phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in the gill tissue, but we found no significant effect of Pb tissue concentration on PLFA composition. Results suggest that Pb accumulation has limited effects on freeze tolerance and does not induce membrane damage in terms of persistent lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Thyrring
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Allé 8, Building 1110, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Bodil Klein Juhl
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Allé 8, Building 1110, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Martin Holmstrup
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Allé 8, Building 1110, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Section of Soil Fauna Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Martin E Blicher
- Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Mikael K Sejr
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Allé 8, Building 1110, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
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26
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Weng N, Wang WX. Reproductive responses and detoxification of estuarine oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis under metal stress: a seasonal study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:3119-3127. [PMID: 25660751 DOI: 10.1021/es505486v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the impacts of metal stress on the reproduction of dominant species, such as oysters, in seriously contaminated estuarine environments has great ecological implications. In the present study, the reproductive conditions were examined monthly for 1 year in oysters Crassostrea hongkongensis from a heavily metal-contaminated site (Baijiao, mainly by Cu and Zn) in the Jiulong River estuary and a relatively clean nearby estuary (Jiuzhen). Oysters sampled in the contaminated site showed a delayed gametogenesis, a relatively shorter spawning period, and a lower gonad condition index in comparison to the oysters sampled in the reference site. In particular, we found that the proportion of females increased significantly in the contaminated oysters, which provided the first evidence that the feminization in wild oyster populations could be related to trace metal pollution. Additionally, the potential detoxification mechanism of trace metals in oysters was also investigated. Compartmentalization of trace metals in membrane-limited vesicles in hemocytes could be an important detoxification mechanism for the contaminated oysters. Our findings indicated that the long-term metal exposure may greatly influence the reproduction of the oysters and finally affect the recruitment and population of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanyan Weng
- Key Laboratory of Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361102, People's Republic of China
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