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Li N, Jørgensen NR, Reginster JY, Hiligsmann M. The impact of bone turnover marker on medication adherence and the health economics-related consequences. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2024; 24:787-790. [PMID: 38568796 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2024.2337718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Li
- Department of Health Services Research, Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Niklas Rye Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jean-Yves Reginster
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculo-Skeletal Health and Ageing, Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mickaël Hiligsmann
- Department of Health Services Research, Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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2
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Ebina K, Etani Y, Noguchi T, Nakata K, Okada S. Clinical effects of teriparatide, abaloparatide, and romosozumab in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Metab 2024:10.1007/s00774-024-01536-0. [PMID: 39009890 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-024-01536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
In the management of osteoporosis, anti-resorptive agents serve as a primary therapeutic approach. However, in cases where individuals exhibit an increased susceptibility to fractures, such as those characterized by severe low bone mass or a history of vertebral or hip fractures that markedly diminish life expectancy, the immediate reduction of fracture risk through the administration of osteoanabolic agents could be beneficial. Teriparatide, available in daily, once-weekly, or twice-weekly dosages, along with abaloparatide and romosozumab, constitutes a trio of such agents. Each of these medications is defined by unique characteristics, distinct efficacy profiles, and specific adverse effects. There is growing evidence to suggest that these agents have a superior effect on enhancing bone mineral density and reducing fracture incidence when compared to traditional bisphosphonate therapies. Nonetheless, their employment demands thorough consideration of clinical indications, which includes evaluating economic factors, the frequency of injections required, and the potential for adverse effects. The objective of this review is to consolidate the current evidence focusing primarily on the efficacy of these agents, with the goal of enhancing understanding and aiding in making more informed treatment decisions, particularly for those individuals who are at an elevated risk of fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ebina
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Sports Medical Biomechanics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yuki Etani
- Department of Sports Medical Biomechanics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takaaki Noguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken Nakata
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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3
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Tahmasbi F, Sadoughi F, Sheikhtaheri A, Zabihiyeganeh M, Ameri F. Developing fracture liaison service framework based on comparative analysis and scoping review. Osteoporos Int 2024:10.1007/s00198-024-07091-8. [PMID: 38831198 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-024-07091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
This research conducts a comparative analysis and scoping review of 105 studies in the field of Fracture Liaison Service (FLS). The resulting two-dimensional framework represents a significant step toward FLS implementation. PURPOSE The primary goal is to review interventions in real world settings in order to provide the FLS framework that specifies the essential elements of its implementation and offers different perspectives on that. METHOD This study encompasses two phases: a comparative analysis of existing FLS models, including "Capture the Fracture," "5IQ," and "Ganda," and a scoping review from 2012 to 2022 in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, and IEEE databases limited to publications in English. RESULTS The resulting model of comparative analysis identifies patient identification, investigation, intervention and integration or continuity of care as the four main stages of FLS. Additionally, the elements of quality and information span across all stages. Following comparative analysis, the framework is designed to be used for content analysis of the included studies in the scoping review. The intersection of columns (Who, Where, When, What, How, Quality) with rows (Identification, Investigation, Intervention, and continuity of care) yields a set of questions, answered in tabular form based on the scoping review. CONCLUSION The framework offers potential benefits in facilitating the adoption of effective approaches for FLS implementation. It is recommended to undertake an in-depth review of each of these components in order to uncover novel and innovative approaches for improving their implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foziye Tahmasbi
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Sadoughi
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Sheikhtaheri
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Zabihiyeganeh
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Ameri
- School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks, Arizona State University, Arizona, AZ, USA
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4
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Cianferotti L, Cipriani C, Palermo A, Viapiana O, Zavatta G, Mazziotti G. A practical approach for anabolic treatment of bone fragility with romosozumab. J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-024-02395-2. [PMID: 38789679 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Romosozumab, a fully humanized anti-sclerostin-antibody, is a bone-builder stimulating osteoblasts and inhibiting osteoclast by activation of the canonical Wnt-beta catenin signaling. This unique mechanism of action has the potential to address unmet needs in osteoporosis management. METHODS The multifaceted practical clinical issues related to romosozumab are discussed, especially focusing on the rationale of employing a sclerostin inhibitor to target bone fragility as first line or second line treatment in post-menopausal osteoporosis and in males at increased risk of fractures. RESULTS Four randomized clinical trials with several post-hoc analyses and more than ten observational studies have consistently demonstrated that romosozumab is effective in rapidly increasing bone mineral density (BMD) and decreasing risk of vertebral, non-vertebral and hip fractures in post-menopausal women at very-high risk of fractures. In male osteoporosis, only data on BMD are available. Noteworthy, romosozumab was shown to be more effective and rapid than teriparatide in improving BMD, bone structure and strength at the hip, especially in women already treated with anti-resorptive drugs. Interestingly, even if romosozumab displays best results in treatment-naïve patients, its favourable effects on BMD were observed even in women previously treated with teriparatide or denosumab, although to a lesser extent. CONCLUSIONS Based on the available evidence, romosozumab could be proposed as ideal drug in several clinical settings, such as non-fractured post-menopausal women at very-high risk of fractures, patients with recent hip fracture, patients non responder to bisphosphonates and short-term denosumab therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cianferotti
- Bone Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University Hospital of Florence, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - C Cipriani
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Palermo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Unit of Metabolic Bone and Thyroid Disorders, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - O Viapiana
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - G Zavatta
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Mazziotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 420090, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy.
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases Section, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy.
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5
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Guaraná WL, Lima CAD, Barbosa AD, Crovella S, Sandrin-Garcia P. Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase Gene Associated with Loss of Bone Mass Density and Alendronate Treatment Failure in Patients with Primary Osteoporosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5623. [PMID: 38891810 PMCID: PMC11172034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Aminobisphosphonates (NBPs) are the first-choice medication for osteoporosis (OP); NBP treatment aims at increasing bone mineral density (BMD) by inhibiting the activity of farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS) enzyme in osteoclasts. Despite its efficacy, inadequate response to the drug and side effects have been reported. The A allele of the rs2297480 (A > C) SNP, found in the regulatory region of the FDPS gene, is associated with reduced gene transcription. This study evaluates the FDPS variant rs2297480 (A > C) association with OP patients' response to alendronate sodium treatment. A total of 304 OP patients and 112 controls were enrolled; patients treated with alendronate sodium for two years were classified, according to BMD variations at specific regions (lumbar spine (L1-L4), femoral neck (FN) and total hip (TH), as responders (OP-R) (n = 20) and non-responders (OP-NR) (n = 40). We observed an association of CC genotype with treatment failure (p = 0.045), followed by a BMD decrease in the regions L1-L4 (CC = -2.21% ± 2.56; p = 0.026) and TH (CC = -2.06% ± 1.84; p = 0.015) after two years of alendronate sodium treatment. Relative expression of the FDPS gene was also evaluated in OP-R and OP-NR patients. Higher expression of the FDPS gene was also observed in OP-NR group (FC = 1.84 ± 0.77; p = 0.006) when compared to OP-R. In conclusion, the influence observed of FDPS expression and the rs2897480 variant on alendronate treatment highlights the importance of a genetic approach to improve the efficacy of treatment for primary osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werbson Lima Guaraná
- Keizo Asami Institute, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife Campus, Recife 50670-901, Brazil;
| | - Camilla Albertina Dantas Lima
- Keizo Asami Institute, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife Campus, Recife 50670-901, Brazil;
- Department of Oceanography, Technology and Geoscience Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife Campus, Recife 50740-550, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Domingues Barbosa
- Rheumatology Division, Clinical Hospital of Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife Campus, Recife 50740-900, Brazil;
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Laboratory of Animal Research Center (LARC), Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Paula Sandrin-Garcia
- Keizo Asami Institute, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife Campus, Recife 50670-901, Brazil;
- Department of Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife Campus, Recife 50730-120, Brazil
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Lee DO, Hong YH, Cho MK, Choi YS, Chun S, Chung YJ, Hong SH, Hwang KR, Kim J, Kim H, Lee DY, Lee SR, Park HT, Seo SK, Shin JH, Song JY, Yi KW, Paik H, Lee JY. The 2024 Guidelines for Osteoporosis - Korean Society of Menopause: Part I. J Menopausal Med 2024; 30:1-23. [PMID: 38714490 PMCID: PMC11103071 DOI: 10.6118/jmm.24000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ock Lee
- Center for Gynecologic Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Kyoung Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young Sik Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungwook Chun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Youn-Jee Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hwa Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kyu Ri Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinju Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Yun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sa Ra Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Tae Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Kyo Seo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yen Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Wook Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haerin Paik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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7
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Minisola S, Cipriani C, Colangelo L, Pepe J. Bone loss after discontinuation of denosumab: the devil is in the details. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:3-7. [PMID: 38630882 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
A 47-year-old postmenopausal woman with osteoporosis was treated with denosumab, which was discontinued due to side effects. She was therefore transitioned to a yearly intravenous infusion of zoledronic acid. An increase in bone turnover markers together with bone loss at the lumbar spine was observed before the second infusion, suggesting an overshooting of bone resorption due to denosumab discontinuation. On physical examination, the patient was restless and reported having lost about 10 kg since the last visit. A solitary left inferior thyroid nodule was noted on neck palpation. Circulating thyroid hormone levels were elevated, with suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone. A thyroid scan showed increased uptake in the left inferior nodule with suppression of the remainder of the thyroid gland. A diagnosis of hyperthyroidism due to toxic adenoma was made. The patient was treated with radioactive iodine ablation, with consequent complete normalization of thyroid function. She continued yearly treatment with zoledronic acid. She remained clinically well with no further fractures. Bone turnover markers were appropriately suppressed and bone mineral density increased in the spine and hip. This case illustrates how the overshooting phenomenon following denosumab discontinuation may be compounded by the development of secondary conditions, which can result in suboptimal response to antiresorptive osteoporosis medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic, and Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza," University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Cristiana Cipriani
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic, and Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza," University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Luciano Colangelo
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic, and Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza," University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Jessica Pepe
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic, and Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza," University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
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Keum BR, Kim HJ, Lee J, Lee M, Hong SH, Chang HK, Han JK, Kim S, Chang DG, Kim GH. Heterogeneous osteoimmune profiles via single-cell transcriptomics in osteoporotic patients who fail bisphosphonate treatment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316871121. [PMID: 38346184 PMCID: PMC10895260 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316871121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis arises from imbalanced osteoclast and osteoblast activity, and mounting evidence suggests a role for the osteoimmune system in bone homeostasis. Bisphosphonate (BP) is an antiresorptive agent, but its treatment failure rate can be as high as 40%. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on peripheral immune cells from carefully selected postmenopausal women: non-osteoporotic, osteoporosis improved after BP treatment, and BP-failed cases. We found an increase in myeloid cells in patients with osteoporosis (specifically, T cell receptor+ macrophages). Furthermore, lymphoid lineage cells varied significantly, notably elevated natural killer cells (NKs) in the BP-failed group. Moreover, we provide fruitful lists of biomarkers within the immune cells that exhibit condition-dependent differences. The existence of osteoporotic- and BP-failure-specific cellular information flows was revealed by cell-cell interaction analysis. These findings deepen our insight of the osteoporosis pathology enhancing comprehension of the role of immune heterogeneity in postmenopausal osteoporosis and BP treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Rak Keum
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Korea
- Research Center for drug development, CYPHARMA Co., Ltd., Daejeon34133, Korea
| | - Hong Jin Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul01757, Korea
| | - Juhun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Korea
| | - Minji Lee
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju28119, Korea
| | - Sin-Hyoung Hong
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju28119, Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon34113, Korea
| | - Ha Kyun Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul15355, Korea
| | - Jin-Kwan Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Korea
| | - Sanguk Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Korea
- Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, Korea
| | - Dong-Gune Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul01757, Korea
| | - Gun-Hwa Kim
- Research Center for drug development, CYPHARMA Co., Ltd., Daejeon34133, Korea
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju28119, Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon34113, Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon34134, Korea
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9
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Phudphong P, Phimphilai M, Manosroi W, Adulkasem N, Kaewchur T. A diagnostic predictive model for secondary osteoporosis in patients with fragility fracture: a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary care hospital. Arch Osteoporos 2023; 18:114. [PMID: 37672126 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-023-01321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Identifying secondary causes among osteoporotic patients is crucial. However, there is no simple tool for screening secondary osteoporosis. A predictive model for screening secondary osteoporosis was constructed using simple clinical and biochemical parameters. This predictive model may provide clinicians with guidance to perform further investigations for specific causes of osteoporosis. PURPOSE Establishing whether a fragility fracture is secondary to a specific cause of osteoporosis is crucial for treatment outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a simple screening tool for secondary osteoporosis in the elderly initially presented with fragility fractures. METHODS A retrospective cohort study including 456 patients with fragility hip and vertebral fractures that occurred between January 2017 and July 2022 was conducted. Demographic, clinical, biochemical, and final diagnostic data were retrieved. Potential predictors for secondary osteoporosis were determined by multivariable logistic regression analysis, and a predictive model for secondary osteoporosis was subsequently developed using identified potential predictors. RESULTS This study included 343 females and 113 males with a mean age of 76.9 ± 11.0 years. One hundred and twenty-one patients (26.5%) were diagnosed with secondary osteoporosis. Vitamin D deficiency (71.9%) was the most common cause of secondary osteoporosis, followed by glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (23.9%) and primary hyperparathyroidism (9.9%). The potential predictors for secondary osteoporosis included in the predictive model were age, body mass index (BMI), corrected calcium, phosphate, thyroid stimulating hormone, and a 10-year probability of hip fractures calculated by BMI-based FRAX®. With a cut-off level of 0.22, the proposed predictive model has an AuROC of 0.75 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.81) with a sensitivity of 77%, a specificity of 66%, and an accuracy of 68.9%. CONCLUSION A predictive model for screening secondary osteoporosis was constructed using simple clinical and biochemical parameters. This newly developed predictive model may provide clinicians with guidance to perform further advanced investigations for secondary causes of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchaporn Phudphong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Mattabhorn Phimphilai
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Worapaka Manosroi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nath Adulkasem
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Tawika Kaewchur
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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10
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Foessl I, Dimai HP, Obermayer-Pietsch B. Long-term and sequential treatment for osteoporosis. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:520-533. [PMID: 37464088 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00866-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder that causes impairment of bone structure and strength, leading to a progressively increased risk of fragility fractures. The global prevalence of osteoporosis is increasing in the ageing population. Owing to the chronic character of osteoporosis, years or even decades of preventive measures or therapy are required. The long-term use of bone-specific pharmacological treatment options, including antiresorptive and/or osteoanabolic approaches, has raised concerns around adverse effects or potential rebound phenomena after treatment discontinuation. Imaging options, risk scores and the assessment of bone turnover during initiation and monitoring of such therapies could help to inform individualized treatment strategies. Combination therapies are currently used less often than 'sequential' treatments. However, all patients with osteoporosis, including those with secondary and rare causes of osteoporosis, as well as specific patient populations (for example, young adults, men and pregnant women) require new approaches for long-term therapy and disease monitoring. New pathophysiological aspects of bone metabolism might therefore help to inform and revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Foessl
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hans P Dimai
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
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11
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Kim HJ, Chang HK, Chang DG, Ha J, Keum BR, Kim GH. Radiological Factors Associated with Bisphosphonate Treatment Failure and Their Impact on Fracture Healing in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113820. [PMID: 37298015 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Bisphosphonate treatment failure is one of the most difficult clinical problems for patients with osteoporosis. This study aimed to analyze the incidence of bisphosphonate treatment failure, associated radiological factors, and effect of fracture healing in postmenopausal women with osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs). (2) Methods: A total of 300 postmenopausal patients with OVFs who were prescribed bisphosphonate were retrospectively analyzed and divided into two groups according to the treatment response: response (n = 116) and non-response (n = 184) groups. The radiological factors and the morphological patterns of OVFs were included in this study. (3) Results: The initial BMD values of the spine and femur in the non-response group were significantly lower than those in the response group (all Ps < 0.001). The initial BMD value of the spine (odd ratio = 1.962) and the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) hip (odd ratio = 1.32) showed statistical significance in logistic regression analysis, respectively (all Ps < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: The bisphosphonate non-responder group showed a greater decrease in BMD over time than the responder group. The initial BMD value of the spine and the FRAX hip could be considered radiological factors influencing bisphosphonate non-response in the postmenopausal patients with OVFs. The failure of bisphosphonate treatment for osteoporosis has a possible negative on the fracture healing process in OVFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jin Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gyeonggibukbu Regional Military Manpower Administration, Seoul 11642, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Kyun Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gune Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul 01757, Republic of Korea
| | - JiYun Ha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul 01757, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Rak Keum
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science of Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Hwa Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 34133, Republic of Korea
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12
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Ong TIW, Lim LL, Chan SP, Chee WSS, Ch’ng ASH, Chong EGM, Damodaran P, Hew FL, Ibrahim LB, Khor HM, Lai PSM, Lee JK, Lim AL, Lim BP, Paramasivam SS, Ratnasingam J, Siow YS, Tan ATB, Thiagarajan N, Yeap SS. A summary of the Malaysian Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis, 2022. Osteoporos Sarcopenia 2023; 9:60-69. [PMID: 37496985 PMCID: PMC10366466 DOI: 10.1016/j.afos.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of these Clinical Practice Guidelines is to provide evidence-based recommendations to assist healthcare providers in the screening, diagnosis and management of patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis (OP). Methods A list of key clinical questions on the assessment, diagnosis and treatment of OP was formulated. A literature search using the PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Databases of Systematic Reviews, and OVID electronic databases identified all relevant articles on OP based on the key clinical questions, from 2014 onwards, to update from the 2015 edition. The articles were graded using the SIGN50 format. For each statement, studies with the highest level of evidence were used to frame the recommendation. Results This article summarizes the diagnostic and treatment pathways for postmenopausal OP. Risk stratification of patients with OP encompasses clinical risk factors, bone mineral density measurements and FRAX risk estimates. Non-pharmacological measures including adequate calcium and vitamin D, regular exercise and falls prevention are recommended. Pharmacological measures depend on patients' fracture risk status. Very high-risk individuals are recommended for treatment with an anabolic agent, if available, followed by an anti-resorptive agent. Alternatively, parenteral anti-resorptive agents can be used. High-risk individuals should be treated with anti-resorptive agents. In low-risk individuals, menopausal hormone replacement or selective estrogen receptor modulators can be used, if indicated. Patients should be assessed regularly to monitor treatment response and treatment adjusted, as appropriate. Conclusions The pathways for the management of postmenopausal OP in Malaysia have been updated. Incorporation of fracture risk stratification can guide appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Ing Wei Ong
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lee Ling Lim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siew Pheng Chan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | | - Fen Lee Hew
- Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Hui Min Khor
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pauline Siew Mei Lai
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Ai Lee Lim
- Hospital Pulau Pinang, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Boon Ping Lim
- Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Jeyakantha Ratnasingam
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yew Siong Siow
- Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Swan Sim Yeap
- Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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13
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Gazoni FM, Civile VT, Atallah ÁN, Santos FC, Trevisani VFM. Intravenous zoledronate for postmenopausal women with osteopenia and osteoporosis: a systematic review and metanalysis. SAO PAULO MED J 2023; 141:e2022480. [PMID: 37255065 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0480.r1.27032023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis compromises bone strength and increases the risk of fractures. Zoledronate prevents loss of bone mass and reduces the risk of fractures. OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy and safety of zoledronate in postmenopausal women with osteopenia and osteoporosis. DESIGN AND SETTINGS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted within the evidence-based health program at the Universidade Federal de São Paulo. METHODS An electronic search of the CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and LILACS databases was performed until February 2022. Randomized controlled trials comparing zoledronate with placebo or other bisphosphonates were included. Standard methodological procedures were performed according to the Cochrane Handbook and the certainty of evidence for the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Working Group. Two authors assessed the risk of bias and extracted data on fractures, adverse events, bone turnover markers (BTM), and bone mineral density (BMD). RESULTS Twelve trials from 6,652 records were included: nine compared zoledronate with placebo, two trials compared zoledronate with alendronate, and one trial compared zoledronate with ibandronate. Zoledronate reduced the incidence of fractures in osteoporotic [three years: morphometric vertebral fractures (relative risk, RR = 0.30 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.24-0.38))] and osteopenic women [six years: morphometric vertebral fractures (RR = 0.39 (95%CI: 0.25-0.61))], increased incidence of post-dose symptoms [RR = 2.56 (95%CI: 1.80-3.65)], but not serious adverse events [RR = 0.97 (95%CI: 0.91-1.04)]. Zoledronate reduced BTM and increased BMD in osteoporotic and osteopenic women. CONCLUSION This review supports the efficacy and safety of zoledronate in postmenopausal women with osteopenia for six years and osteoporosis for three years. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022309708, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=309708.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Martins Gazoni
- MD. Doctoral Student, Evidence-Based Health Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil; Geriatrician, Discipline of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Vinicius Tassoni Civile
- MD, PhD. Physiotherapist, Evidence-Based Health Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil; Assistant Professor, Physiotherapy Course, Universidade Paulista (UNIP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil; Volunteer Researcher, Cochrane Brazil, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Álvaro Nagib Atallah
- MD, MSc, PhD. Nephrologist and Full Professor, Discipline of Emergency and Evidence-Based Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil; Director, Cochrane Brazil, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Fânia Cristina Santos
- MD, MSc, PhD. Geriatrician and Assistant Professor, Discipline of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Virginia Fernandes Moça Trevisani
- MD, MSc, PhD. Rheumatologist and Assistant Professor, Discipline of Emergency and Evidence-Based Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil; Rheumatologist and Full Professor, Discipline of Rheumatology, Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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14
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Piriyakhuntorn P, Tantiworawit A, Phimphilai M, Srichairatanakool S, Teeyasoontranon W, Rattanathammethee T, Hantrakool S, Chai-Adisaksopha C, Rattarittamrong E, Norasetthada L, Fanhchaksai K, Charoenkwan P. The efficacy of alendronate for the treatment of thalassemia-associated osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1178761. [PMID: 37251676 PMCID: PMC10210588 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1178761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With adequate blood transfusion and iron chelation, thalassemia patients have a longer life expectancy and experience long-term metabolic complications, including osteoporosis, fractures, and bone pain. Alendronate, an oral bisphosphonate, is currently used to treat various types of osteoporosis. However, the efficacy for the treatment of thalassemia-associated osteoporosis remains unclear. Methods We conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of alendronate for the treatment of osteoporosis in thalassemia patients. Patients were included if they were males (18-50 years) or premenopausal females with low bone mineral density (BMD) (Z-score < -2.0 SD) or positive vertebral deformities from vertebral fracture analysis (VFA). Stratified randomization was performed according to sex and transfusion status. Patients were 1:1 allocated to receive once weekly alendronate 70 mg orally or placebo for a total duration of 12 months. BMD and VFA were re-evaluated at 12 months. Markers of bone resorption (C-terminal crosslinking telopeptide of type I collagen; CTX) and bone formation (Procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide; P1NP), and pain scores were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. The primary outcome was the change of BMD. The secondary endpoints were changes in bone turnover markers (BTM) and pain scores. Results A total of 51 patients received the study drug, 28 patients were assigned to receive alendronate and 23 patients to receive placebo. At 12 months, patients in the alendronate group had significant improvement of BMD at L1-L4 compared to their baseline (0.72 ± 0.11 vs 0.69 ± 0.11 g/cm2, p = 0.004), while there was no change in the placebo group (0.69 ± 0.09 vs 0.70 ± 0.06 g/cm2, p = 0.814). There was no significant change of BMD at femoral neck in both groups. Serum BTMs were significantly decreased among patients receiving alendronate at 6 and 12 months. The mean back pain score was significantly reduced compared to the baseline in both groups (p = 0.003). Side effects were rarely found and led to a discontinuation of the study drug in 1 patient (grade 3 fatigue). Conclusion Alendronate 70 mg orally once weekly for 12 months effectively improves BMD at L-spine, reduces serum BTMs, and alleviates back pain in thalassemia patients with osteoporosis. The treatment was well tolerated and had a good safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pokpong Piriyakhuntorn
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Adisak Tantiworawit
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Mattabhorn Phimphilai
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Waralee Teeyasoontranon
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thanawat Rattanathammethee
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sasinee Hantrakool
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chatree Chai-Adisaksopha
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Ekarat Rattarittamrong
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Lalita Norasetthada
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kanda Fanhchaksai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Thalassemia and Hematology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pimlak Charoenkwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Thalassemia and Hematology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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15
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Powell DE, Evans SF, Rakieh C. Bone mineral density response to long-term bisphosphonate treatment and discontinuation in a real-world clinical service. Endocr Pract 2023:S1530-891X(23)00400-7. [PMID: 37149036 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bisphosphonate treatment does not increase bone mineral density (BMD) in all subjects particularly at the femoral neck (FN). Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between response to oral bisphosphonate (oBP) at the FN and change in BMD following discontinuation. METHODS Data was collected retrospectively from postmenopausal women on oBP for ≥3 years, attending a real-world metabolic clinic at initiation of oBP, discontinuation, and 1-2 years post discontinuation. Improvement in BMD ≥4% in the FN and ≥5% for the lumbar spine (LS) were deemed clinically meaningful and used as least significant change (LSC) values. We divided subjects based on FN BMD response and compared outcomes between responders and non-responders after oBP discontinuation. RESULTS Of the 213 subjects, 32.1% showed an increase ≥LSC at the FN compared to 57.1% at the LS on treatment (p<0.0001). FN responders had lower BMD levels at pre-treatment baseline than non-responders both at the FN (0.58 vs. 0.62 g/cm2; p=0.003) and LS (0.76 vs 0.79 g/cm2; p=0.044). Off-treatment, more subjects lost BMD ≥LSC at FN in the responder group than in the non-responder group (37.5% vs. 14.2%; p<0.001). BMD remained above pre-treatment levels in responders after a median follow-up of 1.52 years. CONCLUSION BMD response at FN is suboptimal in patients on oBP and is much less common than LS response. FN responders tend to lose the accumulated bone quickly off-treatment, though BMD remains above pre-treatment levels. These observations suggest that new approaches may be needed to optimise osteoporosis management in real-world patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane E Powell
- Metabolic Bone Service, Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, Shropshire, SY10 7AG.
| | - Sally F Evans
- Metabolic Bone Service, Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, Shropshire, SY10 7AG
| | - Chadi Rakieh
- Metabolic Bone Service, Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, Shropshire, SY10 7AG
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16
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Tan Q, Møller AMJ, Qiu C, Madsen JS, Shen H, Bechmann T, Delaisse JM, Kristensen BW, Deng HW, Karasik D, Søe K. A variability in response of osteoclasts to zoledronic acid is mediated by smoking-associated modification in the DNA methylome. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:42. [PMID: 36915112 PMCID: PMC10012449 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical trials have shown zoledronic acid as a potent bisphosphonate in preventing bone loss, but with varying potency between patients. Human osteoclasts ex vivo reportedly displayed a variable sensitivity to zoledronic acid > 200-fold, determined by the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), with cigarette smoking as one of the reported contributors to this variation. To reveal the molecular basis of the smoking-mediated variation on treatment sensitivity, we performed a DNA methylome profiling on whole blood cells from 34 healthy female blood donors. Multiple regression models were fitted to associate DNA methylation with ex vivo determined IC50 values, smoking, and their interaction adjusting for age and cell compositions. RESULTS We identified 59 CpGs displaying genome-wide significance (p < 1e-08) with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 for the smoking-dependent association with IC50. Among them, 3 CpGs have p < 1e-08 and FDR < 2e-03. By comparing with genome-wide association studies, 15 significant CpGs were locally enriched (within < 50,000 bp) by SNPs associated with bone and body size measures. Furthermore, through a replication analysis using data from a published multi-omics association study on bone mineral density (BMD), we could validate that 29 out of the 59 CpGs were in close vicinity of genomic sites significantly associated with BMD. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis on genes linked to the 59 CpGs displaying smoking-dependent association with IC50, detected 18 significant GO terms including cation:cation antiporter activity, extracellular matrix conferring tensile strength, ligand-gated ion channel activity, etc. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that smoking mediates individual sensitivity to zoledronic acid treatment through epigenetic regulation. Our novel findings could have important clinical implications since DNA methylation analysis may enable personalized zoledronic acid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Tan
- grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Anaïs Marie Julie Møller
- grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170Clinical Cell Biology, Pathology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløvs Vej 25, 1st Floor, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170Clinical Cell Biology, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Chuan Qiu
- grid.265219.b0000 0001 2217 8588Division of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Jonna Skov Madsen
- grid.7143.10000 0004 0512 5013Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
- grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Hui Shen
- grid.265219.b0000 0001 2217 8588Division of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Troels Bechmann
- grid.7143.10000 0004 0512 5013Department of Oncology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
- grid.452681.c0000 0004 0639 1735Department of Oncology, Regional Hospital West Jutland, 7400 Herning, Denmark
| | - Jean-Marie Delaisse
- grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170Clinical Cell Biology, Pathology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløvs Vej 25, 1st Floor, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- grid.7143.10000 0004 0512 5013Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Winther Kristensen
- grid.7143.10000 0004 0512 5013Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170Pathology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- grid.265219.b0000 0001 2217 8588Division of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - David Karasik
- grid.22098.310000 0004 1937 0503Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 130010 Safed, Israel
| | - Kent Søe
- grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170Clinical Cell Biology, Pathology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløvs Vej 25, 1st Floor, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- grid.7143.10000 0004 0512 5013Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
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Belaya Z, Rozhinskaya L, Dedov I, Drapkina O, Fadeev V, Golounina O, Lesnyak O, Mamedova E, Melnichenko G, Petraikin A, Rodionova S, Skripnikova I, Tkacheva O, Toroptsova N, Yureneva S, Kanis JA. A summary of the Russian clinical guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2023; 34:429-447. [PMID: 36651943 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-022-06667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Key statements of the Russian clinical guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis are summarized. They were developed by a task force representing the key Russian professional associations involved in the management of osteoporosis and approved by the Russian Ministry of Health. PURPOSE To summarize key statements of the Russian clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. METHODS The Russian clinical guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis were developed by a task force representing the key Russian professional associations involved in the management of osteoporosis: These comprised the Russian Association of Endocrinologists, the Russian Association for Osteoporosis, the Association of Rheumatologists of Russia, the Association of Orthopedic surgeons and Traumatologists of Russia, the Russian Association of Gynecologists-Endocrinologists, and the Russian Association of Gerontologists and Geriatrics. The guidelines are based on a systematic literature review and principles of evidence-based medicine and were compiled in accordance with the requirements for clinical recommendations developed by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. RESULTS Key statements included in the Russian guidelines of osteoporosis approved by the Russian Ministry of Health in 2021 are summarized. The statements are graded based on levels of evidence and supported by short comments. The guidelines are focused on the current approach to screening, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of osteoporosis. CONCLUSION These guidelines are a practical tool for general practitioners, as well as medical specialists, primarily endocrinologists, rheumatologists, orthopedic surgeons, and other physicians who are involved in the management of patients with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanna Belaya
- Neuroendocrinology and Bone Diseases, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Liudmila Rozhinskaya
- Neuroendocrinology and Bone Diseases, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Dedov
- Neuroendocrinology and Bone Diseases, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentin Fadeev
- Department of Endocrinology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Golounina
- Department of Endocrinology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Lesnyak
- Family Medicine Department-Western State Medical University Named After I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Mamedova
- Neuroendocrinology and Bone Diseases, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Melnichenko
- Neuroendocrinology and Bone Diseases, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Petraikin
- Department of Radiation Diagnostics, Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics, Telemedicine Technologies of Moscow Health Care Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Rodionova
- National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after. N.N. Priorov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Skripnikova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Tkacheva
- Russian National Research Medical University Named After N.I. Pirogov, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Svetlana Yureneva
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After V.I. Kulakov, Moscow, Russia
| | - John A Kanis
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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18
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Chandran M. The why and how of sequential and combination therapy in osteoporosis. A review of the current evidence. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2022; 66:724-738. [PMID: 36382762 PMCID: PMC10118820 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It is now well recognized that over the lifetime of a patient with osteoporosis, more than one medication will be needed to treat the disease and to decrease fracture risk. Though current gaps in osteoporosis therapy can be potentially mitigated with sequential and combination regimens, how to move seamlessly amongst the multiple treatments currently available for osteoporosis for sustained efficacy is still unclear. Data from recent studies show that an anabolic agent such as teriparatide or romosozumab followed by an antiresorptive affords maximal gain in BMD and possibly better and earlier fracture risk reduction compared to a regimen which follows the opposite sequence. Sequentially moving to a bisphosphonate such as alendronate from an anabolic agent such as abaloparatide has also been shown to preserve the fracture reduction benefits seen with the latter. This sequence of an anabolic agent followed by an antiresorptive should especially be considered in the high-risk patient with imminent fracture risk to rapidly reduce the risk of subsequent fractures. The data surrounding optimum timing of initiation of bisphosphonate therapy following denosumab discontinuation is still unclear. Though data suggests that combining a bisphosphonate with teriparatide does not provide substantial BMD gains compared to monotherapy, the concomitant administration of denosumab with teriparatide has been shown to significantly increase areal BMD as well as to increase volumetric BMD and estimated bone strength. This narrative review explores the available evidence regarding the various sequential and combination therapy approaches and the potential role they could play in better managing osteoporosis.
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Silva BC, Madeira M, d'Alva CB, Maeda SS, de Holanda NCP, Ohe MN, Szejnfeld V, Zerbini CAF, de Paula FJA, Bandeira F. Definition and management of very high fracture risk in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a position statement from the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM) and the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism (ABRASSO). ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2022; 66:591-603. [PMID: 36191263 PMCID: PMC10118822 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Several drugs are available for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Over the last decades, most patients requiring pharmacological intervention were offered antiresorptive drugs as first-line therapy, while anabolic agents were considered a last resource for those with therapeutic failure. However, recent randomized trials in patients with severe osteoporosis have shown that anabolic agents reduce fractures to a greater extent than antiresorptive medications. Additionally, evidence indicates that increases in bone mineral density (BMD) are maximized when patients are treated with anabolic agents first, followed by antiresorptive therapy. This evidence is key, considering that greater increases in BMD during osteoporosis treatment are associated with a more pronounced reduction in fracture risk. Thus, international guidelines have recently proposed an individualized approach to osteoporosis treatment based on fracture risk stratification, in which the stratification risk has been refined to include a category of patients at very high risk of fracture who should be managed with anabolic agents as first-line therapy. In this document, the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism propose the definition of very high risk of osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal women, for whom anabolic agents should be considered as first-line therapy. This document also reviews the factors associated with increased fracture risk, trials comparing anabolic versus antiresorptive agents, efficacy of anabolic agents in patients who are treatment naïve versus those previously treated with antiresorptive agents, and safety of anabolic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara C Silva
- Unidade de Endocrinologia, Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
- Unidade de Endocrinologia, Hospital Felício Rocho, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
- Departamento de Medicina, Centro Universitário de Belo Horizonte (UNI-BH), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil,
- Member of the Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo (SBEM)
| | - Miguel Madeira
- Divisão de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Member of the Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo (SBEM)
| | - Catarina Brasil d'Alva
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
- Member of the Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo (SBEM)
| | - Sergio Setsuo Maeda
- Unidade de Endocrinologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Member of the Associação Brasileira de Avaliação Óssea e Osteometabolismo (ABRASSO)
| | - Narriane Chaves Pereira de Holanda
- Divisão de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
- Member of the Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo (SBEM)
| | - Monique Nakayama Ohe
- Unidade de Endocrinologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Member of the Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo (SBEM)
| | - Vera Szejnfeld
- Divisão de Reumatologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Member of the Associação Brasileira de Avaliação Óssea e Osteometabolismo (ABRASSO)
| | - Cristiano A F Zerbini
- Centro Paulista de Investigação Clínica, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Member of the Associação Brasileira de Avaliação Óssea e Osteometabolismo (ABRASSO)
| | - Francisco José Albuquerque de Paula
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
- Member of the Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo (SBEM)
- Member of the Associação Brasileira de Avaliação Óssea e Osteometabolismo (ABRASSO)
| | - Francisco Bandeira
- Divisão de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
- Member of the Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo (SBEM)
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20
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Tan LF, Ying SM, Teng J, Premkumar A, Tan ATH, Seetharaman S. The Impact of Frailty, Falls and Cognition on Osteoporosis Management in the Oldest Old. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 111:145-151. [PMID: 35428924 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-00978-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Data and clinical guidelines on the management of osteoporosis in nonagenarians are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the characteristics of osteoporosis management and identify any gaps or trends in a cohort of nonagenarians who were newly diagnosed with osteoporosis during an inpatient admission. A retrospective analysis of nonagenarians admitted to the medicine department of a tertiary hospital who were newly diagnosed with osteoporosis based on extracted ICD-10 codes. Baseline demographics, frailty based on the clinical frailty scale, comorbidities, initiation, compliance and adverse effects on osteoporosis medication were analysed. Mean age of the study group was 93.0 ± 2.5 years. There was a high prevalence of frailty (71.7%), cognitive impairment (34.2%) and recurrent falls (30.0%). 82.5% were started on osteoporosis treatment with denosumab (43.4%) being the most prescribed, followed by alendronate (41.4%). Cognitive impairment and male gender were associated with less likelihood of being on osteoporosis treatment on multivariate analysis. Having a previous fracture was associated with a higher likelihood of being on osteoporosis treatment. There was a discontinuation rate of 49.5% with a mean time to discontinuation of 26.3 ± 22.9 months. There was a high rate of osteoporosis treatment in nonagenarians with osteoporosis. The presence of previous fractures was associated with initiation of osteoporosis medications, whereas frailty and falls had no impact on treatment decisions. Cognitive impairment and males were associated with a lower rate of initiation of osteoporosis medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng Tan
- Division of Healthy Ageing, Alexandra Hospital, Blk 20A 378 Alexandra Road, Singapore, 159964, Singapore.
| | - Sim Meng Ying
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Teng
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Arthi Premkumar
- Division of Healthy Ageing, Alexandra Hospital, Blk 20A 378 Alexandra Road, Singapore, 159964, Singapore
| | - Andre Teck Huat Tan
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Fast and Chronic Programme, Alexandra Hospital, 378 Alexandra Road, Singapore, 159964, Singapore
| | - Santhosh Seetharaman
- Division of Healthy Ageing, Alexandra Hospital, Blk 20A 378 Alexandra Road, Singapore, 159964, Singapore
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21
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Lin SY, Chen YM, Chen WJ, Li CY, Ku CK, Chen CH, Chien LN. Treatment patterns of long-dose-interval medication for persistent management of osteoporosis in Taiwan. Arch Osteoporos 2022; 17:94. [PMID: 35840845 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-022-01125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Treatment persistence was higher among the patients who initially received an anti-osteoporosis medication (AOM) with a long-dose-interval. PURPOSE With long-dose-interval anti-osteoporosis medications (AOMs) available for osteoporosis management, it is important to evaluate persistence of any AOM as long as it is continuously used. The purpose of this study was to investigate the treatment pattern and persistence of AOMs, allowing for medication switch. METHODS This study was an observational retrospective cohort study using Taiwan's National Health Insurance claims data. We selected patients who first initiated an AOM between January 1, 2013, and June 30, 2016. AOM therapy included alendronate, raloxifene, teriparatide, denosumab, zoledronate, and ibandronate; the latter three were categorized as long-dose-interval medications. Persistence was defined as continual prescription of any AOM at a given time point with a grace period of 45 days within which to obtain prescription refill. The competing risk model was used to examine the factors affecting patients switching their initial AOM. RESULTS During the study period, 126,539 patients with mean age of 75 years met the inclusion criteria; 85% were female. For initial AOM, 43.3%, 25.6%, 14.6%, 9.3%, 5.3%, and 1.9% of the patients received alendronate, denosumab, raloxifene, zoledronate, ibandronate, and teriparatide, respectively. During a mean 36-month follow-up, 29.6% of the patients who received at least two AOM pharmacy claims throughout the study period have ever switched their initial medication. Long-dose-interval medications, mainly denosumab and zoledronate, were the preferred choice for medication switch. Treatment persistence was higher in patients who initiated with long-dose-interval AOMs. CONCLUSION The real-world data reveal long-dose-interval therapy as an initial treatment or at the first switch stage may improve management of persistent AOM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Yen Lin
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Departments of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, No. 68, Jhonghua 3rd Rd, Cianjin District, Kaohsiung City, 80145, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Sect. 4, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St. Beitou Dist., Taipei City, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ju Chen
- Amgen Taiwan Limited, 13F.-1, No. 100, Songren Rd., Xinyi Dist., Taipei City, 110, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Li
- Amgen Taiwan Limited, 13F.-1, No. 100, Songren Rd., Xinyi Dist., Taipei City, 110, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Ko Ku
- Amgen Taiwan Limited, 13F.-1, No. 100, Songren Rd., Xinyi Dist., Taipei City, 110, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hwan Chen
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan. .,Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan. .,Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan. .,Departments of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan. .,Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, No. 68, Jhonghua 3rd Rd, Cianjin District, Kaohsiung City, 80145, Taiwan. .,Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan. .,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912301, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Nien Chien
- School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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22
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Prevalence and patterns of anti-osteoporotic drug use based on 2019 real-world nationwide data in Greece. Arch Osteoporos 2022; 17:86. [PMID: 35761110 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-022-01126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We used the Greek nationwide database to capture individuals on anti-osteoporotic treatment during 2019. From the estimated number of 683,679 osteoporotic individuals, only 42% were receiving treatment, with the total annual cost being almost one-tenth of the total cost of fractures. The treatment gap was significantly higher in males than in females. INTRODUCTION Based on the 2019 European scorecard (SCOPE), osteoporosis is diagnosed in an estimated 683,679 individuals in Greece, with the direct cost of incident fractures being €694.7 million, although further relevant real-world data are scarce. METHODS The e-Government Center for Social Security Services prescription database, which covers almost 100% of the Greek population, was used to capture all individuals on anti-osteoporotic treatment during 2019. RESULTS A total of 288,983 among 8,641,341 people, corresponding to 3.3% of the total adult Greek population, had filled at least one anti-osteoporotic prescription (6.0% and 0.36% for females and males, respectively). Prevalence of anti-osteoporotic treatment increased with age, from 0.15% in those younger than 50 to 8.6% in those older than 70 years. Oral bisphosphonates were more frequently prescribed (58.8%), followed by denosumab (39.4%). Alendronate was more frequently prescribed in males and in people younger than 60 years. Denosumab was more frequently prescribed in females and in people older than 60 years. Selective estrogen-receptor modulators, teriparatide, and parenteral bisphosphonates accounted for 1.1%, 1.0%, and 0.02% of all prescriptions, respectively. Orthopedic surgeons (39.6%), endocrinologists (19.6%), general practitioners (19%), and rheumatologists (9.3%) prescribed the vast majority of anti-osteoporotic regimens, with significant differences in prescription patterns. The annual cost of treatment per patient increased significantly with age, being on average €323.33. CONCLUSIONS Less than half of the estimated number of individuals with osteoporosis in 2019 in Greece received treatment, with the total annual cost being far less than the estimated cost of incident-fragility fractures. The impact of this undertreatment on related health care costs merits further investigation.
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23
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Lekamwasam S, Abeygunasekara T, Rathnayake N, Liyanage G, Subasinghe S. Age-dependent assessment thresholds to optimize patient care in a resource-limited setting: an analysis based on the Sri Lankan FRAX model. Arch Osteoporos 2022; 17:77. [PMID: 35553258 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-022-01118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Age-dependent upper and lower assessment thresholds help categorizing women aged 40 years or more according to their fracture risk, independent of BMD information. INTRODUCTION Age-dependent assessment thresholds of the FRAX algorithm help stratifying men and women aged 40 years or more according to their fracture risk. This allows clinicians to decide on those who require interventions without BMD assessment and those who require BMD input for further assessment. METHODS Intervention thresholds were defined by 10-year probabilities of a major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) and hip fracture (HF) considering a woman with a BMI of 25.0 kg/m2 having a prior fragility fracture but no other clinical risk factors. The lower assessment thresholds (LAT) were set at 0.8 times the 10-year probabilities of a MOF and HF in a woman with a BMI of 25.0 kg/m2, without previous fracture or other clinical risk factors. The upper assessment thresholds (UAT) were set at 1.2 times the intervention thresholds of MOF and HF. Fracture probabilities were estimated for the age range of 40-80 years, without BMD input. These values were applied to a group of women who underwent DXA for clinical reasons in a single center. RESULTS The LATs of MOF and HF varied from 0.7 to 8.8% and 0.1 to 3.7%, from 40 to 80 years, respectively. The corresponding values for UATs were 2.5 to 21.6% and 0.3 to 8.4%. ITs of MOF and HF varied from 2.1 to 18% and 0.2 to 7%, respectively. When applied to a group of 315 postmenopausal women who underwent DXA for clinical indications, 22.9% of women were above the UATs (high-risk category) while 8.6% were below the LATs (low-risk category). The proportion of women in the intermediate category who require BMD for further assessment was 68.6% (95% CI 59.7 to 77.5%). CONCLUSIONS In nearly one-third of women aged 40 years or more, the decision to treat or not to treat can be achieved without BMD estimation. The remaining two-thirds will require a BMD assessment for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarath Lekamwasam
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Population Health Research Center, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka.
| | - Thilina Abeygunasekara
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
| | - Nirmala Rathnayake
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
| | - Gayani Liyanage
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
| | - Sewwandi Subasinghe
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
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24
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Gregson CL, Armstrong DJ, Bowden J, Cooper C, Edwards J, Gittoes NJL, Harvey N, Kanis J, Leyland S, Low R, McCloskey E, Moss K, Parker J, Paskins Z, Poole K, Reid DM, Stone M, Thomson J, Vine N, Compston J. UK clinical guideline for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Arch Osteoporos 2022; 17:58. [PMID: 35378630 PMCID: PMC8979902 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-022-01061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) has revised the UK guideline for the assessment and management of osteoporosis and the prevention of fragility fractures in postmenopausal women, and men age 50 years and older. Accredited by NICE, this guideline is relevant for all healthcare professionals involved in osteoporosis management. INTRODUCTION The UK National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) first produced a guideline on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in 2008, with updates in 2013 and 2017. This paper presents a major update of the guideline, the scope of which is to review the assessment and management of osteoporosis and the prevention of fragility fractures in postmenopausal women, and men age 50 years and older. METHODS Where available, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and randomised controlled trials were used to provide the evidence base. Conclusions and recommendations were systematically graded according to the strength of the available evidence. RESULTS Review of the evidence and recommendations are provided for the diagnosis of osteoporosis, fracture-risk assessment and intervention thresholds, management of vertebral fractures, non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments, including duration and monitoring of anti-resorptive therapy, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, and models of care for fracture prevention. Recommendations are made for training; service leads and commissioners of healthcare; and for review criteria for audit and quality improvement. CONCLUSION The guideline, which has received accreditation from the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE), provides a comprehensive overview of the assessment and management of osteoporosis for all healthcare professionals involved in its management. This position paper has been endorsed by the International Osteoporosis Foundation and by the European Society for the Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia L Gregson
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, Learning and Research Building, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
- Royal United Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK.
| | - David J Armstrong
- Western Health and Social Care Trust (NI), Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, and Visiting Professor, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Jean Bowden
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, Learning and Research Building, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John Edwards
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, and Wolstanton Medical Centre, Newcastle under Lyme, UK
| | - Neil J L Gittoes
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham & University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicholas Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - John Kanis
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia and Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Rebecca Low
- Abingdon and Specialty Doctor in Metabolic Bone Disease, Marcham Road Health Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Eugene McCloskey
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research in Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Katie Moss
- St George's University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jane Parker
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, Learning and Research Building, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Zoe Paskins
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Haywood Academic Rheumatology Centre, Haywood Hospital, Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Kenneth Poole
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Mike Stone
- University Hospital Llandough, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Llandough, UK
| | | | - Nic Vine
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, Learning and Research Building, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Juliet Compston
- University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
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25
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Léger B, Fardellone P, Cormier C, Ostertag A, Funck-Brentano T, Fabre S, Marty C, Jean-Luc B, Cohen-Solal M. Inadequate response to treatment reveals persistent osteoclast bone resorption in osteoporotic patients. Bone 2021; 153:116167. [PMID: 34492359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Several drugs are able to reduce fracture risk in osteoporotic patients. Incident fractures occur despite good adherence to treatment. Inadequate response has been found related to high serum bone biomarkers of bone turnover. We here aimed to analyze bone microarchitecture and cellular profiles of inadequate responders. We retrospectively analyzed bone biopsies from patients with major fractures despite long-term treatment (inadequate responder [IR] n = 31) in comparison to patients with untreated osteoporosis (U-OP, n = 31) and controls without osteoporosis (Ctrl, n = 16). Bone samples were analyzed by histomorphometry and micro-computed tomography. Clinical and bone turnover markers and bone mineral density were assessed. As compared with U-OP patients, IRs were older (mean age 69.7 ± 8.8 vs 63.3 ± 9.3 years, p = 0.007) and had lower mean hip bone mineral density (0.685 ± 0.116 vs 0.786 ± 0.093 g/cm2), p = 0.019 and T-score (-2.3 ± 0.769 vs -1.6 ± 0.900, p = 0.032). BV/TV was lower for IRs than U-OP patients and Ctrls (13.9 ± 3.8% vs 15.2 ± 5.1 and 17.6 ± 5.2%, p = 0.044) as was trabecular thickness (145.6 ± 23.1 vs 160.5 ± 22.7 and 153.7 ± 21.4 μm, p = 0.033). Mean structure model index was lower for IRs than U-OP patients (1.9 ± 0.806 vs 2.4 ± 0.687, p = 0.042) and osteoclast number was higher for IRs than U-OP patients and Ctrls (0.721 ± 0.611 vs 0.394 ± 0.393 and 0.199 ± 0.071 mm-2, p < 0.001). The mean Obl.S/BS was lower for IRs than U-OP patients and Ctrls (1.2 ± 1.3 vs 1.9 ± 1.4 and 3.0 ± 0.638 mm-2, p < 0.0001), and the mean number of labelled surfaces was lower for IRs than U-OP patients (51.6% vs 87%, p = 0.002). Cortical parameters did not significantly differ. We show an imbalance of bone remodeling in favor of bone resorption in IRs. The persistence of high bone resorption suggests insufficient inhibition of bone resorption that could explain the incident fractures with anti-osteoporotic drug use. Adaptation to treatment should be considered to inhibit bone resorption and prevent further fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Léger
- Université de Paris, Bioscar INSERM U1132, Hôpital Lariboisière (APHP), Paris, France
| | | | | | - Agnes Ostertag
- Université de Paris, Bioscar INSERM U1132, Hôpital Lariboisière (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Thomas Funck-Brentano
- Université de Paris, Bioscar INSERM U1132, Hôpital Lariboisière (APHP), Paris, France; Department of Rheumatology, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Fabre
- Université de Paris, Bioscar INSERM U1132, Hôpital Lariboisière (APHP), Paris, France; Department of Rheumatology, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Marty
- Université de Paris, Bioscar INSERM U1132, Hôpital Lariboisière (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Bernard Jean-Luc
- Department of Rheumatology, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- Université de Paris, Bioscar INSERM U1132, Hôpital Lariboisière (APHP), Paris, France; Department of Rheumatology, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France.
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26
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to an increased risk of fragility fractures. Central dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements are the gold standard for determining bone mineral density. A well-balanced diet containing adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D, exercise, smoking cessation, and limited alcohol intake are important to maintain bone health. Pharmacologic agents should be recommended in postmenopausal women who are at high risk for fractures. Newer anabolic therapies including teriparatide, abaloparatide, and romosozumab have emerged for use in severe osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika K Anam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale Bone Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, FMP 107, PO Box 208020, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
| | - Karl Insogna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale Bone Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, FMP 107, PO Box 208020, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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27
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Lee CC, Wang CY, Hung CC, Huang CC, Li CY, Chen HY, Chang YL, Tseng WJ, Wang TM, Yang RS, Wong TH, Fu SH. A Multi-Institutional Randomized Controlled Trial to Investigate Whether Zoledronate Prevents Bone Loss After Discontinuation of Denosumab: The Study Protocol of Denosumab Sequential Therapy (DST) Trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:717168. [PMID: 34568375 PMCID: PMC8455904 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.717168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Though denosumab is an effective treatment for osteoporosis, the rebound effect after discontinuation has drawn investigators' attention. It includes a dramatic loss of gained bone mineral density (BMD) and an increased risk of vertebral fractures. This prospective multi-institutional randomized controlled trial aims to investigate whether zoledronate prevents loss of BMD after discontinuation of denosumab. The trial was registered as Denosumab Sequential Therapy (DST) trial in March 2019 at clinicaltrials.gov, with the identifier NCT03868033. Methods: The study is conducted at National Taiwan University Hospital and its branches. Patients who have continuously received denosumab treatment for two or more years are surveyed for eligibility. Baseline characteristics and questionnaires of life quality are recorded after recruitment. BMD, circulating levels of bone turnover markers (BTMs), including serum N-terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen (P1NP) and C-terminal telopeptide (CTX), are checked before the stratified randomization to 4 groups. Biological sex and the T-scores are used to create 4 strata. The participants in group 1 adhere to regular denosumab therapy for another 2 years. All the other patients receive on-time zoledronate treatment in the first year. The participants in group 2, 3, and 4 have on-time denosumab, on-time zoledronate and drug holiday in the second year, respectively. BMDs are checked annually. Pre-scheduled checkpoints of BTMs are also arranged. For patient safety, rescue treatment with another injection of zoledronate will be applied to the patients on drug holiday if the CTX levels raise above the pre-specified threshold, 0.573 ng/mL for women and 0.584 ng/mL for men. The primary outcomes are the percentage changes of BMDs in lumbar spine, total hip and femoral neck. The secondary outcomes include the changes of serum level of the BTMs, new osteoporotic fractures, extra zoledronate injections needed in group 4 and the differences of quality of life. Discussion: We aim to provide evidence whether zoledronate prevents bone loss after denosumab cessation. To our knowledge, the study has the largest sample size. No other randomized controlled study included all the three different treatment strategies and a positive control. It is also the first associated randomized controlled trial outside Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Che Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Hung
- Department of Orthopedics, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Ching Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Li
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Liang Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wo-Jan Tseng
- Department of Orthopedics, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ming Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Sen Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Hong Wong
- Department of Orthopedics, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Huai Fu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Kline GA, Morin SN, Feldman S, Lix LM, Leslie WD. Diminishing Value from Multiple Serial Bone Densitometry in Women Receiving Antiresorptive Medication for Osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:2718-2725. [PMID: 33784384 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The value of serial bone mineral density (BMD) monitoring while on osteoporosis therapy is controversial. OBJECTIVE We determined the percentage of women classified as suboptimal responders to therapy with antiresorptive medications according to 2 definitions of serial BMD change. METHODS This was a cohort study using administrative databases at a single-payer government health system in Manitoba, Canada. Participants were postmenopausal women aged 40 years or older receiving antiresorptive medications and having 3 sequential BMD measures. Women stopping or switching therapies were excluded. The percentage of women whose spine or hip BMD decreased significantly during the first or second interval of monitoring by BMD was determined. Suboptimal responder status was defined as BMD decrease during both monitoring intervals or BMD decreased from baseline to final BMD. RESULTS There were 1369 women in the analytic cohort. Mean BMD monitoring intervals were 3.0 (0.8) and 3.2 (0.8) years. In the first interval, 3.2% and 6.5% of women had a decrease in spine or hip BMD; 8.0% and 16.9% had decreases in the second monitoring interval; but only 1.4% showed repeated losses in both intervals. Considering the entire treatment interval, only 3.2% and 7.4% showed BMD loss at spine or hip. Results may not apply to situations of poor adherence to antiresorptive medication or anabolic therapy use. CONCLUSION Among women highly adherent to antiresorptive therapy for osteoporosis, a very small percentage sustained BMD losses on repeated measures. The value of multiple serial BMD monitoring to detect persistent suboptimal responders should be questioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Kline
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Suzanne N Morin
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sidney Feldman
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lisa M Lix
- Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - William D Leslie
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Radiology, Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Sølling AS, Harsløf T, Bruun NH, Langdahl B. The predictive value of bone turnover markers during discontinuation of alendronate: the PROSA study. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:1557-1566. [PMID: 33517477 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-05835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In patients discontinuing ALN after a median of 7.0 years (range 5.0-20.0 years), BMD decreased, and bone turnover markers increased within the premenopausal reference range over 2 years. Increased p-CTX after 3 months was associated with greater bone loss at the hip confirming that maintenance of BMD is dependent on continued suppression of bone turnover. INTRODUCTION It is unknown how to monitor patients discontinuing alendronate (ALN) after more than 5 years. We investigated if BTM measured before or during treatment discontinuation with ALN predict bone loss after 1 or 2 years. METHODS PROSA was a cohort study conducted at Aarhus University Hospital including postmenopausal women and men above 50 years treated with ALN ≥ 5 years who had osteopenia at the hip and BMD T-score at the lumbar spine > - 4. ALN was discontinued and BTMs were measured at baseline, months (M) 1, 3, 6, and 12, and DXA was performed at baseline, M6, and M12. We extended the study and measured BTMs and performed DXA at M24. The primary endpoint was if changes in p-CTX at M3 or M6 predict changes in THBMD after 1 year ( Clinicaltrials.gov : NCT03051620). RESULTS We enrolled 136 participants discontinuing ALN after a median of 7.0 years (range 5.0-20.0 years) in PROSA and 124 participants in PROSA Extension. There was a significant decrease in LSBMD - 0.74% ± 0.27, THBMD - 2.65% ± 0.39, FNBMD - 2.35% ± 0.33, and trabecular bone score - 0.97% ± 0.35 and an increase in p-CTX by 61.1% ± 4.7 (p < 0.05 for all) after 24 months. Increase in p-CTX at M3 was associated with bone loss at the hip sites at M12 and M24. CONCLUSION In patients discontinuing ALN, BMD decreased significantly and BTMs increased within the reference range over 2 years. An increase in p-CTX after 3 months was associated with greater bone loss at the hip confirming that maintenance of BMD during treatment discontinuation is dependent on continued suppression of bone turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Sølling
- Department of Internal Medicine, Randers Regional Hospital, Skovlyvej 15, 8930, Randers, Denmark.
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - T Harsløf
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - N H Bruun
- Unit of Clinical Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Søndre Skovvej 15, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - B Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
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30
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Tanphiriyakun T, Rojanasthien S, Khumrin P. Bone mineral density response prediction following osteoporosis treatment using machine learning to aid personalized therapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13811. [PMID: 34226589 PMCID: PMC8257695 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a global health problem for ageing populations. The goals of osteoporosis treatment are to improve bone mineral density (BMD) and prevent fractures. One major obstacle that remains a great challenge to achieve the goals is how to select the best treatment regimen for individual patients. We developed a computational model from 8981 clinical variables, including demographic data, diagnoses, laboratory results, medications, and initial BMD results, taken from 10-year period of electronic medical records to predict BMD response after treatment. We trained 7 machine learning models with 13,562 osteoporosis treatment instances [comprising 5080 (37.46%) inadequate treatment responses and 8482 (62.54%) adequate responses] and selected the best model (Random Forests with area under the receiver operating curve of 0.70, accuracy of 0.69, precision of 0.70, and recall of 0.89) to individually predict treatment responses of 11 therapeutic regimens, then selected the best predicted regimen to compare with the actual regimen. The results showed that the average treatment response of the recommended regimens was 9.54% higher than the actual regimens. In summary, our novel approach using a machine learning-based decision support system is capable of predicting BMD response after osteoporosis treatment and personalising the most appropriate treatment regimen for an individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiraphat Tanphiriyakun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sattaya Rojanasthien
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Piyapong Khumrin
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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31
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Bhadada SK, Chadha M, Sriram U, Pal R, Paul TV, Khadgawat R, Joshi A, Bansal B, Kapoor N, Aggarwal A, Garg MK, Tandon N, Gupta S, Kotwal N, Mahadevan S, Mukhopadhyay S, Mukherjee S, Kukreja SC, Rao SD, Mithal A. The Indian Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ISBMR) position statement for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in adults. Arch Osteoporos 2021; 16:102. [PMID: 34176015 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-021-00954-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The Indian Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ISBMR) has herein drafted clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis for the people of India. Implementation of the position statement in clinical practice is expected to improve the overall care of patients with osteoporosis in India. PURPOSE In India, osteoporosis is a major public health problem. However, in the absence of any robust regional guidelines, the screening, treatment, and follow-up of patients with osteoporosis are lagging behind in the country. METHODS The Indian Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ISBMR), which is a multidisciplinary group of physicians, researchers, dietitians, and epidemiologists and who study bone and related tissues, in their annual meeting, drafted the guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis that would be appropriate in a resource constraint setting like India. RESULTS Diagnosis of osteoporosis can be made in a patient with minimal trauma fracture without the aid of any other diagnostic tools. In others, bone mineral density measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry remains the modality of choice. Data indicates that osteoporotic fractures occur at an earlier age in Indians than in the West; hence, screening for osteoporosis should begin at an earlier age. FRAX can be used for fracture risk estimation; however, it may underestimate the risk of future fractures in our population and still needs validation. Maintaining optimum serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels is essential, which, in most cases, would require regular vitamin D supplementation. Pharmacotherapy should be guided by the presence/absence of vertebral/hip fractures or the severity of risk based on clinical factors, although bisphosphonates remain the first choice in most cases. Regular follow-up is essential to ensure adherence and response to therapy. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of the position statement in clinical practice is expected to improve the overall care of patients with osteoporosis in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute Of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Manoj Chadha
- Department of Endocrinology, Parmanand Deepchand Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai, 400016, India
| | - Usha Sriram
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Division, Voluntary Health Services Hospital, Chennai, 600020, India
| | - Rimesh Pal
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute Of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Thomas V Paul
- Department of Endocrinology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002, India
| | - Rajesh Khadgawat
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute Of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110023, India
| | - Ameya Joshi
- Endocrinology Division, Bhaktivedanta Hospital, Thane, 401107, India
| | - Beena Bansal
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Door to Care, Gurgaon, 122018, India
| | - Nitin Kapoor
- Department of Endocrinology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002, India
| | - Anshita Aggarwal
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Mahendra K Garg
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute Of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342001, India
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute Of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110023, India
| | - Sushil Gupta
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Narendra Kotwal
- Department of Endocrinology, Army Hospital Research & Referral, New Delhi, 110010, India
| | - Shriraam Mahadevan
- Endocrinology Division, Sri Ramachandra Medical Center, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - Satinath Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Soham Mukherjee
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute Of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Subhash C Kukreja
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sudhaker D Rao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone & Mineral Disorders, Henry Ford, Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Ambrish Mithal
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Max Healthcare, New Delhi, 110017, India.
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32
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Weigl M, Kocijan R, Ferguson J, Leinfellner G, Heimel P, Feichtinger X, Pietschmann P, Grillari J, Zwerina J, Redl H, Hackl M. Longitudinal Changes of Circulating miRNAs During Bisphosphonate and Teriparatide Treatment in an Animal Model of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1131-1144. [PMID: 33598975 PMCID: PMC8252367 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs regulate bone homeostasis, and circulating microRNAs have been proposed as novel bone biomarkers. The effect of anti-osteoporotic treatment on circulating microRNAs has not been described in detail. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive analysis of microRNA serum levels in ovariectomized (OVX) and sham-operated (SHAM) rats over 12 weeks of antiresorptive or osteoanabolic treatment. Forty-two Sprague Dawley rats underwent SHAM surgery (n = 10) or ovariectomy (n = 32). After 8 weeks, OVX rats were randomized to antiresorptive treatment with zoledronate (n = 11), osteoanabolic treatment with teriparatide (n = 11), or vehicle treatment (n = 10). Serum samples were collected at weeks 8, 12, 16, and 20 after surgery. A total of 91 microRNAs were analyzed by RT-qPCR in serum samples collected at week 20. Based on the results, 29 microRNAs were selected for longitudinal analysis at all four study time points. Changes in bone mineral density and microstructure were followed up by in vivo micro-CT and ex vivo nano-CT. Ovariectomy resulted in the loss of trabecular bone, which was reversed by osteoanabolic and antiresorptive treatment. Differential expression analysis identified 11 circulating miRNAs that were significantly regulated after treatment. For example, miR-107 and miR-31-5p increased in vehicle-treated OVX animals, whereas they decreased during teriparatide treatment. Additional miRNAs were identified that showed significant correlations to bone microstructure or bone miRNA expression, including miR-203a-3p, which exhibited a significant negative correlation to vertebral and tibial trabecular bone volume fraction (%). Longitudinal analysis confirmed eight microRNAs with significant changes in serum over time that were prevented by teriparatide and zoledronate treatment (miR-34a-5p, miR-31-5p, miR-30d-3p, miR-378a-5p) or teriparatide treatment only (miR-375-3p, miR-183-5p, miR-203a-3p, miR-203b-3p). Gene target network analysis identified WNT and Notch signaling as the main signaling pathways controlled by these miRNAs. Thus, ovariectomy results in time-dependent deregulation of circulating miRNAs compared with SHAM animals. Anti-osteoporotic treatments can rescue this effect, showing that bone-related miRNAs might act as novel biomarkers for treatment monitoring. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Weigl
- TAmiRNA GmbHViennaAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
| | - Roland Kocijan
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre MeidlingViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research CenterViennaAustria
- Medical Faculty of Bone DiseasesSigmund Freud UniversityViennaAustria
| | - James Ferguson
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research CenterViennaAustria
| | - Gabriele Leinfellner
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research CenterViennaAustria
| | - Patrick Heimel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research CenterViennaAustria
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial ResearchUniversity Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Xaver Feichtinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research CenterViennaAustria
| | - Peter Pietschmann
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research CenterViennaAustria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of BiotechnologyBOKU ‐ University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Jochen Zwerina
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre MeidlingViennaAustria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research CenterViennaAustria
| | - Matthias Hackl
- TAmiRNA GmbHViennaAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
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Kline GA, Morin SN, Lix LM, Leslie WD. Bone densitometry categories as a salient distracting feature in the modern clinical pathways of osteoporosis care: A retrospective 20-year cohort study. Bone 2021; 145:115861. [PMID: 33484888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown as to what factors typically drive osteoporosis therapy decisions in real-world practice. METHODS Retrospective, 20-year cohort study within the government health system of Manitoba including all women having bone densitometry (BMD) tests between 1996 and 2017. Osteoporosis prescription data was linked to registry data on fractures, clinical risk factors and BMD tests. We defined 6 possible treatment decisions by prescription data: no treatment, starting, stopping, continuing, drug hiatus and re-starting. For each decision, we tested the association between salient patient factors (age, glucocorticoid use, recent fracture, BMD hip or spine T-score ≤ -2.5, FRAX major osteoporotic fracture probability ≥20%) using multivariable logistic regression. The factors were rank-ordered by decreasing Wald χ2 statistic to determine the relative importance. RESULTS There were 64,181 women, 33.8% of whom started osteoporosis therapy. For patients who begin therapy after a first BMD, the rank-ordered multivariable logistic regression factor most strongly associated was the T-score ≤ -2.5 [OR of 7.59(95%CI 7.19-8.01, p < 0.001)]. This was followed by glucocorticoid use [OR 2.89(95%CI 2.59-3.22, p < 0.001)]. Increasing age and recent fracture (within 2 years) were weak predictors of therapy and high FRAX score associated with reduced odds of therapy [OR 0.80 (95%CI 0.74-0.88, p < 0.001)]. T-scores were the strongest factor predicting therapy stop/continuation/re-starting; age and prior fracture had weak or no associations. CONCLUSIONS Despite recommendations for fracture-risk-based approach to osteoporosis therapy, BMD T-score continues to be the dominant factor in actual practice. Age, prior fracture or global fracture risk are much less associated; it is possible that BMD T-score categories are therefore acting as a clinically salient distracting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Kline
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.
| | - Suzanne N Morin
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Canada
| | - Lisa M Lix
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - William D Leslie
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Radiology, Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Canada
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Lewiecki EM. Operationalizing Treat-to-Target for Osteoporosis. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:270-278. [PMID: 33761232 PMCID: PMC8090476 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Treat-to-target (TTT) for osteoporosis is a concept for individualizing patient treatment decisions that focuses on achieving an acceptable level of fracture risk rather than response to treatment alone. While a response to treatment is essential in order to achieve an acceptable level of risk, it is not necessarily sufficient. Some patients have a good response to treatment yet remain at high level of fracture risk. Since there is no way to directly measure bone strength in patients treated for osteoporosis, a surrogate measurement must be used. Bone mineral density (BMD) is commonly used to select patients for treatment and has emerged as the most useful surrogate for assessing reduction of fracture risk after treatment is started. Recent large meta-regression studies have shown a robust correlation between larger increases in BMD with treatment and greater reductions in fracture risk. Application of TTT for osteoporosis involves assessing fracture risk before starting treatment and initiating treatment with an agent that is most likely to reduce fracture risk to an acceptable level, represented by a target BMD T-score, over a reasonable period of time. This review offers suggestions for implementing TTT for osteoporosis in clinical practice and managing patients who fail or succeed in reaching the target. More study is needed to fully validate the use of TTT for osteoporosis for initiating and modifying treatments to reduce fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Michael Lewiecki
- New Mexico Clinical Research & Osteoporosis Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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35
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Roberti R, Casarella A, Iudice A, La Neve A, Beghi E, Capovilla G, Di Bonaventura C, Giorgi FS, Grosso S, Iannone LF, Romigi A, Specchio LM, Zaccara G, Mecarelli O, Russo E. Appropriate use of generic and branded antiseizure medications in epilepsy: Updated recommendations from the Italian League Against Epilepsy (LICE). Epilepsy Behav 2021; 116:107804. [PMID: 33581599 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.107804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Generic drugs are increasingly used to treat many diseases including epilepsy. The growing importance of generic antiseizure medications (ASMs) has led the ASMs commission of the Italian League Against Epilepsy (LICE) to review current evidence in the literature about efficacy and safety of these products. Recommendations from other scientific organizations have also been considered to provide an update of the LICE position about their utilization (List of Recommendations). Compared with the previous literature review, randomized controlled trials assessing bioequivalence among branded drugs and generics are currently available. Although some contrasting results have been reported, brand-to-generic switching was effective and tolerable in real-life settings, with similar adverse event ratios. Based on these findings, LICE concluded that, conforming to the rigorous regulation of USA and EU markets, generic ASMs are not inferior to the respective branded, providing a cost advantage for patients starting or replacing monotherapy or add-on, and for those with incomplete seizure control. Branded-to-generic (and vice versa) switching is not recommended (although applicable) during seizure remission, as well as the generic-to-other generic switching. Other recommendations focus on the appropriateness of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) when switching is required, paying attention to avoiding the erroneous switch between modified and immediate-release formulations during dispensation. Finally, to support patients' compliance, they should be assured of generics' safety and efficacy and carefully informed with practical advice, particularly when the switching is associated with aspect modifications (e.g. color and shape changes) of the pill or the packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Roberti
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Casarella
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alfonso Iudice
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Neurology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela La Neve
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, Centre for Epilepsy, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ettore Beghi
- Laboratory of Neurological Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Pharmacological Research, IRCCS-Mario Negri Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Capovilla
- Department of Mental Health, Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantua, Italy and Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlo Di Bonaventura
- Neurology Unit, Department of Human Neurosciences, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo S Giorgi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Neurology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Grosso
- Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Siena
| | - Luigi F Iannone
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Romigi
- Department of Neurology, Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | | | - Oriano Mecarelli
- Neurology Unit, Human Neurosciences Department, Sapienza University, Umberto 1 Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy.
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Lems WF, Paccou J, Zhang J, Fuggle NR, Chandran M, Harvey NC, Cooper C, Javaid K, Ferrari S, Akesson KE. Vertebral fracture: epidemiology, impact and use of DXA vertebral fracture assessment in fracture liaison services. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:399-411. [PMID: 33475820 PMCID: PMC7929949 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05804-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vertebral fractures are independent risk factors for vertebral and nonvertebral fractures. Since vertebral fractures are often missed, the relatively new introduction of vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) for imaging of the lateral spine during DXA-measurement of the spine and hips may contribute to detect vertebral fractures. We advocate performing a VFA in all patients with a recent fracture visiting a fracture liaison service (FLS). Fracture liaison services (FLS) are important service models for delivering secondary fracture prevention for older adults presenting with a fragility fracture. While commonly age, clinical risk factors (including fracture site and number of prior fracture) and BMD play a crucial role in determining fracture risk and indications for treatment with antiosteoporosis medications, prevalent vertebral fractures usually remain undetected. However, vertebral fractures are important independent risk factors for future vertebral and nonvertebral fractures. A development of the DXA technology, vertebral fracture assessment (VFA), allows for assessment of the lateral spine during the regular DXA bone mineral density measurement of the lumbar spine and hips. Recent approaches to the stratification of antiosteoporosis medication type according to baseline fracture risk, and differences by age in the indication for treatment by prior fracture mean that additional information from VFA may influence initiation and type of treatment. Furthermore, knowledge of baseline vertebral fractures allows reliable definition of incident vertebral fracture events during treatment, which may modify the approach to therapy. In this manuscript, we will discuss the epidemiology and clinical significance of vertebral fractures, the different methods of detecting vertebral fractures, and the rationale for, and implications of, use of VFA routinely in FLS. • Vertebral fracture assessment is a tool available on modern DXA instruments and has proven ability to detect vertebral fractures, the majority of which occur without a fall and without the signs and symptoms of an acute fracture. • Most osteoporosis guidelines internationally suggest that treatment with antiosteoporosis medications should be considered for older individuals (e.g., 65 years +) with a recent low trauma fracture without the need for DXA. • Younger individuals postfracture may be risk-assessed on the basis of FRAX® probability including DXA and associated treatment thresholds. • Future fracture risk is markedly influenced by both site, number, severity, and recency of prior fracture; awareness of baseline vertebral fractures facilitates definition of true incident vertebral fracture events occurring during antiosteoporosis treatment. • Detection of previously clinically silent vertebral fractures, defining site of prior fracture, might alter treatment decisions in younger or older FLS patients, consistent with recent IOF-ESCEO guidance on baseline-risk-stratified therapy, and provides a reliable baseline from which to define new, potentially therapy-altering, vertebral fracture events.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Lems
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - J Paccou
- Department of Rheumatology, Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, MABLab ULR 4490, 59000, Lille, France
| | - J Zhang
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - N R Fuggle
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M Chandran
- Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolism Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - N C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - C Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Orthopaedic Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - K Javaid
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Orthopaedic Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Ferrari
- Clinical Service and Research Laboratory of Bone Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K E Akesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Department of Orthopaedics, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Belaya ZE, Rozhinskaya LY, Grebennikova TA, Kanis JA, Pigarova EA, Rodionova SS, Toroptsova NV, Nikitinskaya OA, Skripnikova IA, Drapkina OМ, Ershova OV, Biryukova EV, Lesnyak OМ, Tsoriev TТ, Belova KY, Marchenkova LА, Dzeranova LK, Dreval’ AV, Mamedova EO, Tkacheva ON, Dudinskaya EN, Nikankina LV, Farba LY, Chernova TO, Yureneva SV, Yakushevskaya OV, Ilyukhina OB, Kryukova IV, Tarbaeva NV, Petryaykin AV, Zagorodniy NV, Mel’nichenko GА, Dedov II. Summary of the draft federal clinical guidelines for osteoporosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.14341/osteo12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A summary of the draft federal clinical guidelines on osteoporosis developed by members of the Russian Association of Endocrinologists, the Russian Association for Osteoporosis, the Association of Rheumatologists of Russia, the Association of Traumatologists and Orthopedists of Russia, the Russian Association for Menopause and the Russian Association of Gerontologists and Geriatrics is presented. The recommendations were developed from the perspective of evidence-based medicine, in accordance with the requirements for compiling clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of Russia published in 2019. A significant place is given to screening of primary osteoporosis in adults, differential diagnosis with other metabolic diseases of the skeleton, modern methods of diagnosing osteoporosis, principles of prescribing pathogenetic treatment, features of sequential and combination therapy, disease prevention and rehabilitation. Clinical recommendations will be useful both to general practitioners and physicians, as well as to narrow specialists, primarily endocrinologists, rheumatologists, orthopedic traumatologists, nephrologists, obstetrician-gynecologists and neurologists, since osteoporosis is a multifactorial and multidisciplinary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John A. Kanis
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield; Catholic University of Australia, Melbourne
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elena V. Biryukova
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov
| | - Olga М. Lesnyak
- North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
| | | | - Kseniya Y. Belova
- Yaroslavl State Medical University; Clinical emergency hospital named. N. V. Soloviev
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexey V. Petryaykin
- Scientific and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies of the Moscow Department of Health
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Clark P, Carlos Rivera F, Méndez Sánchez L, Mendoza Gutiérrez CF, Vargas Neri JL, Carrillo Vázquez SM, Xibillé Friedmann DX, Alvarado Ceballos A, Aguilera Zepeda JM, Mercado Cárdenas V, Ávila Armengol H. Severe osteoporosis: Principles for pharmacological therapy in Mexico. REUMATOLOGIA CLINICA 2021; 17:97-105. [PMID: 31113739 DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article presents evidence and recommendations regarding the efficacy and safety of the approved and available therapies in Mexico to treat severe or established osteoporosis with the aim of developing a position regarding therapeutics in this stage of the disease, according to the descriptive cards of the National Drug Formulary of the National General Health Council of Mexico. METHODS We performed a systematic and narrative review of the evidence of teriparatide and denosumab, from their pharmacological profile, effectiveness, and safety derived from clinical trials, as well as an analysis of the general recommendations of the national and international clinical practice guidelines. RESULTS The evidence establishes that teriparatide and denosumab belong to different therapeutic classes, with biologically opposed mechanisms of action and indications of use, which are clearly differentiated in their respective national codes, therefore these drugs cannot be substitutable or interchangeable in severe osteoporosis therapy. Both represent the best options currently available for this stage of the disease; being similar in their efficacy in preventing new vertebral fragility fractures, with an RR of .35 (CI 95%; .22-.55) for teriparatide, and .32 (CI 95%: .26-.41) for denosumab. The absolute risk reduction is higher with teriparatide 9.3% (21 months) compared with denosumab at 4.8% (36 months). CONCLUSIONS Our results agree with the recommendations available in national and international clinical practice guidelines, with both therapies proposed as a sequential, but not a substitute, treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Clark
- Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez-Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
| | | | - Lucía Méndez Sánchez
- Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez-Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carlos Fernando Mendoza Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México; R A C Salud Consultores, S.A. de C.V., Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jessica Liliana Vargas Neri
- Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez-Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sandra Miriam Carrillo Vázquez
- Hospital Regional Primero de Octubre del ISSSTE, Ciudad de México, México; Colegio Mexicano de Reumatología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Daniel Xavier Xibillé Friedmann
- Departamento de Investigación y Capacitación, Servicios de Salud de Morelos, Morelos, México; Colegio Mexicano de Reumatología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ariana Alvarado Ceballos
- Hospital Ángeles Mocel, Ciudad de México, México; Colegio Mexicano de Ortopedia y Traumatología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Manuel Aguilera Zepeda
- Academia Mexicana de Cirugía, Ciudad de México, México; Colegio Mexicano de Ortopedia y Traumatología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Víctor Mercado Cárdenas
- Clínica Integral de Menopausia, Centro Médico Dalinde, Ciudad de México, México; Asociación Mexicana de Metabolismo Óseo y Mineral (AMMOM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Hilario Ávila Armengol
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Civil Dr. Juan I. Menchaca, Guadalajara, México; Asociación Mexicana de Metabolismo Óseo y Mineral (AMMOM), Ciudad de México, México
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Eastell R, Black DM, Lui LY, Chines A, Marin F, Khosla S, de Papp AE, Cauley JA, Mitlak B, McCulloch CE, Vittinghoff E, Bauer DC. Treatment-Related Changes in Bone Turnover and Fracture Risk Reduction in Clinical Trials of Antiresorptive Drugs: Proportion of Treatment Effect Explained. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:236-243. [PMID: 32916023 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Few analyses of antiresorptive (AR) treatment trials relate short-term changes in bone turnover markers (BTMs) to subsequent fracture reduction seeking to estimate the proportion of treatment effect explained (PTE) by BTMs. Pooling such information would be useful to assess new ARs or novel dosing regimens. In the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) Bone Quality project, we analyzed individual-level data from up to 62,000 participants enrolled in 12 bisphosphonate (BP) and four selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) placebo-controlled fracture endpoint trials. Using BTM results for two bone formation markers (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase [bone ALP] and pro-collagen I N-propeptide [PINP]) and one bone resorption marker (C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen [CTX]) and incident fracture outcome data, we estimated the PTE using two different models. Separate analyses were performed for incident morphometric vertebral, nonvertebral, and hip fractures over 1 to 5 years of follow-up. For vertebral fracture, the results showed that changes in all three BTMs at 6 months explained a large proportion of the treatment effect of ARs (57 to >100%), but not for and non-vertebral or hip fracture. We conclude that short-term AR treatment-related changes in bone ALP, PINP, and CTX account for a large proportion of the treatment effect for vertebral fracture. Change in BTMs is a useful surrogate marker to study the anti-fracture efficacy of new AR compounds or novel dosing regiments with approved AR drugs. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Eastell
- Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Dennis M Black
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Li-Yung Lui
- California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Fernando Marin
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Research Centre, Windlesham, UK
| | | | | | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Charles E McCulloch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Vittinghoff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Douglas C Bauer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Miller AN. Don't Forget to "Own the Bone": Commentary on an article by Kyung-Jae Lee, MD, et al.: "Progression of Asymptomatic Contralateral Femur in Patients with Complete Atypical Femoral Fracture, According to Initial Radiographic Findings". J Bone Joint Surg Am 2021; 103:e6. [PMID: 33476101 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.20.01718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna N Miller
- Division of Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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Hirooka Y, Nozaki Y, Okuda S, Sugiyama M, Kinoshita K, Funauchi M, Matsumura I. Four-Year Teriparatide Followed by Denosumab vs. Continuous Denosumab in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis Patients With Prior Bisphosphonate Treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:753185. [PMID: 34646240 PMCID: PMC8503555 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.753185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In our previous 24-month study, we observed that teriparatide had some advantages over denosumab for bone mineral density (BMD) in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) patients with prior bisphosphonate treatment. We conducted this extension study to investigate whether the advantage of teriparatide obtained in the first 2 years would be maintained after the switch to denosumab. MATERIALS AND METHODS We switched patients who had completed 24-month daily teriparatide treatment to denosumab (switch group, n=18) and compared their BMD every 6 months up to 48 months with the group who continued to receive denosumab (denosumab group, n=16). RESULTS At 48 months, the lumbar spine BMD was significantly increased from baseline in both groups (denosumab: 10.4 ± 8.7%, p<0.001; switch: 14.2 ± 6.8%, p<0.001). However, a significant increase in femoral neck BMD from baseline occurred only in the switch group (11.2 ± 14.6%, p<0.05); denosumab (4.1 ± 10.8%). The total hip BMD increased significantly from baseline in both groups (denosumab: 4.60 ± 7.4%, p<0.05; switch: 7.2 ± 6.9%, p<0.01). Femoral neck BMD was significantly increased in the switch versus the denosumab group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION In GIO patients with prior bisphosphonate treatment, the advantage of teriparatide may be maintained after the treatment period. A continuous increase in BMD can be expected with teriparatide followed by denosumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Hirooka
- Department of Rheumatology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Nozaki
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Saki Okuda
- Department of Rheumatology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Masafumi Sugiyama
- Department of Rheumatology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Koji Kinoshita
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Funauchi
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Itaru Matsumura
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Treatment of high fracture risk patients in routine clinical practice. Arch Osteoporos 2020; 15:184. [PMID: 33219455 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-00851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A retrospective cohort study determined the high incidence of recurrent fractures in osteoporotic patients with high fracture risk during the observation. The strategy of starting treatment with more potent regimens (zoledronic acid, denosumab and/or teriparatide) seems to have the best secondary fracture prevention efficacy. OBJECTIVE This paper describes the various medical therapy regimens prescribed to osteoporotic patients with high fracture risk and the result of treatment. METHODS We carried out a retrospective cohort study in selected Osteoporosis Centers. Patients were considered to have high fracture risk in case of a history of a low-energy hip fracture or two or more vertebral or other site fractures. A total of 812 subjects (768 women and 44 men) aged 36-95 years were included. The observation period was 2285.1 patient-years. Demographic data, clinical findings, and BMD data obtained by DXA, as well as a history of fractures that had occurred during the follow-up, were included in the analysis. RESULTS Overall, at baseline, there were 637 non-vertebral fractures including 104 hip fractures. A total of 590 patients had vertebral fractures; of these, 69% suffered multiple fractures. Being on treatment, 119 (14.7%) patients developed new vertebral and non-vertebral fractures. The incidence of new non-vertebral fractures and hip fractures was 39.4 and 13.1 per 1000 patient-years. The total number of vertebral fractures increased by 24.8% from 1353 to 1689. The best results of the treatment were achieved in patients who were started on zoledronic acid, denosumab, or teriparatide and had an adequate duration of treatment. Although these patients had significantly lower BMD values at the time of diagnosis compared with other patients, they showed a lower incidence of new vertebral and hip fractures, during the follow-up. CONCLUSION Therapy of patients at high risk of fractures started with more potent treatment regimens (zoledronic acid, denosumab and/or teriparatide) of adequate duration was more effective in terms of prevention of new vertebral and hip fractures as compared with other treatment options. However, treatment appears to be challenging given the number of recurrent fractures in patients on treatment and the frequency of drug withdrawal or replacement.
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Søe K. Osteoclast Fusion: Physiological Regulation of Multinucleation through Heterogeneity-Potential Implications for Drug Sensitivity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7717. [PMID: 33086479 PMCID: PMC7589811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Classically, osteoclast fusion consists of four basic steps: (1) attraction/migration, (2) recognition, (3) cell-cell adhesion, and (4) membrane fusion. In theory, this sounds like a straightforward simple linear process. However, it is not. Osteoclast fusion has to take place in a well-coordinated manner-something that is not simple. In vivo, the complex regulation of osteoclast formation takes place within the bone marrow-in time and space. The present review will focus on considering osteoclast fusion in the context of physiology and pathology. Special attention is given to: (1) regulation of osteoclast fusion in vivo, (2) heterogeneity of osteoclast fusion partners, (3) regulation of multi-nucleation, (4) implications for physiology and pathology, and (5) implications for drug sensitivity and side effects. The review will emphasize that more attention should be given to the human in vivo reality when interpreting the impact of in vitro and animal studies. This should be done in order to improve our understanding of human physiology and pathology, as well as to improve anti-resorptive treatment and reduce side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent Søe
- Clinical Cell Biology, Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; ; Tel.: +45-65-41-31-90
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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44
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Langdahl B. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with bone-forming and antiresorptive treatments: Combined and sequential approaches. Bone 2020; 139:115516. [PMID: 32622871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Efficient therapies are available for the treatment of osteoporosis. Bisphosphonates and denosumab are the most commonly used antiresorptive therapies. Despite differences in the increase in bone mineral density seen with these drugs, the reductions in fracture risk are similar; 50-70%, 20%, and 40% for vertebral, non-vertebral and hip fractures, respectively. The bone-forming treatments; teriparatide and abaloparatide increase bone mineral density more than the antiresorptives and the reductions in fracture risk are 85% and 40-50% for vertebral and non-vertebral fractures, respectively, compared to placebo. The VERO study demonstrated a >50% reduction in vertebral and clinical fractures in women treated with teriparatide compared to risedronate. The dual-action treatment; romosozumab leads to more pronounced increases in BMD than other treatment modalities and reduces the risk of vertebral and clinical fractures by 73% and 36% compared to placebo after 12 months and the sequential treatment regime; romosozumab for 12 months followed by alendronate reduced the risk of vertebral, non-vertebral and hip fractures by 48%, 20% and 38%, respectively compared to alendronate after 2-3 years. The evidence for combination therapy targeting both resorption and formation is limited as only short-term studies with BMD as the endpoint have been performed. All bone-forming and dual-action treatments increase BMD and reduce the fracture risk, however, the effect wears off with time and treatment is therefore only temporary and should be followed by antiresorptive treatment with a bisphosphonate or denosumab. The sequence of treatment matters as the BMD response to teriparatide is reduced in patients previously treated with bisphosphonates; however, based on the findings of the VERO trial, the anti-fracture efficacy of bone-forming treatment in comparison with risedronate seems to be preserved after bisphosphonate therapy. The DATA study suggested that transitioning from denosumab to teriparatide is problematic due to the increase in bone resorption occurring after stopping denosumab. Studies have shown further improvements in BMD when transitioning from oral bisphosphonates to zoledronic acid or denosumab. Management of osteoporosis will in many patients include a long-term treatment plan. This will often include sequential therapy which in severe cases preferably should start with bone-forming followed by antiresorptive treatment. The severity of osteoporosis, reaching a treatment goal, and responding to treatment failure are important factors determining the treatment sequence in the individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Langdahl
- Aarhus University Hospital, Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Palle Juul Jensen Boulevard 115, DK8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
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Møller AMJ, Delaisse J, Olesen JB, Bechmann T, Madsen JS, Søe K. Zoledronic Acid Is Not Equally Potent on Osteoclasts Generated From Different Individuals. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:e10412. [PMID: 33210064 PMCID: PMC7657394 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoledronic acid is a bisphosphonate commonly used to treat bone diseases such as osteoporosis and cancer‐induced bone disease. Patients exhibit a variable sensitivity to zoledronic acid; the underlying explanation for this remains unclear. The objective of this study was to obtain more knowledge in this regard. We hypothesized that osteoclasts generated from different individuals would show a variable sensitivity to zoledronic acid in vitro. Osteoclasts were generated using monocytes from 46 healthy female blood donors (40 to 66 years). Matured osteoclasts were reseeded onto bone slices precoated with different concentrations of zoledronic acid. IC50 values were determined based on total eroded bone surface after 3 days of resorption. The IC50 for inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption varied from 0.06 to 12.57μM zoledronic acid; thus, a more than 200‐fold difference in sensitivity to zoledronic acid among osteoclasts from different individuals was observed. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the determined IC50 correlated with smoking status, and the average number of nuclei per osteoclast in vitro. Further analyses showed that: (i) increasing protein levels of mature cathepsin K in osteoclast cultures rendered the osteoclasts less sensitive to zoledronic acid; (ii) surprisingly, neither the gene nor the protein expression of farnesyl diphosphate synthase was found to correlate with the IC50; and (iii) trench‐forming osteoclasts were found to be more sensitive to zoledronic acid than pit‐forming osteoclasts within the same cell culture. Thus, we conclude that there indeed is a high degree of variation in the potency of zoledronic acid on osteoclasts when generated from different individuals. We propose that our findings can explain some of the varying clinical efficacy of zoledronic acid therapy observed in patients, and may therefore be of clinical importance, which should be investigated in a clinical trial combining in vitro and in vivo investigations. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs M J Møller
- Clinical Cell BiologyLillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern DenmarkVejleDenmark
- Department of Regional Health ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkVejleDenmark
- Clinical Cell Biology, Department of PathologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and ImmunologyLillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern DenmarkVejleDenmark
| | - Jean‐Marie Delaisse
- Clinical Cell BiologyLillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern DenmarkVejleDenmark
- Department of Regional Health ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkVejleDenmark
- Clinical Cell Biology, Department of PathologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Jacob B Olesen
- Clinical Cell BiologyLillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern DenmarkVejleDenmark
- Clinical Cell Biology, Department of PathologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - Troels Bechmann
- Department of Regional Health ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkVejleDenmark
- Department of OncologyLillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern DenmarkVejleDenmark
| | - Jonna S Madsen
- Department of Regional Health ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkVejleDenmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and ImmunologyLillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern DenmarkVejleDenmark
| | - Kent Søe
- Clinical Cell BiologyLillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern DenmarkVejleDenmark
- Department of Regional Health ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkVejleDenmark
- Clinical Cell Biology, Department of PathologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- OPEN, Open Patient data Explorative NetworkUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
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Chotiyarnwong P, McCloskey EV. Pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and options for treatment. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:437-447. [PMID: 32286516 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-0341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are widely used to suppress inflammation or the immune system. High doses and long-term use of glucocorticoids lead to an important and common iatrogenic complication, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, in a substantial proportion of patients. Glucocorticoids mainly increase bone resorption during the initial phase (the first year of treatment) by enhancing the differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts. Glucocorticoids also inhibit osteoblastogenesis and promote apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes, resulting in decreased bone formation during long-term use. Several indirect effects of glucocorticoids on bone metabolism, such as suppression of production of insulin-like growth factor 1 or growth hormone, are involved in the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Fracture risk assessment for all patients with long-term use of oral glucocorticoids is required. Non-pharmacological interventions to manage the risk of fracture should be prescribed to all patients, while pharmacological management is reserved for patients who have increased fracture risk. Various treatment options can be used, ranging from bisphosphonates to denosumab, as well as teriparatide. Finally, appropriate monitoring during treatment is also important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pojchong Chotiyarnwong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Mellanby Centre For Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Eugene V McCloskey
- Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Mellanby Centre For Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- Centre for Metabolic Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, UK.
- Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK.
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Dashnyam K, Bayaraa O, Mandakhbayar N, Park JH, Lee JH, Jang TS, Luvsan K, Kim HW. Nanoscale Calcium Salt-Based Formulations As Potential Therapeutics for Osteoporosis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4604-4613. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khandmaa Dashnyam
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- Drug Research Institute, Mongolian University of Pharmaceutical Science, Ulaanbaatar 14250, Mongolia
| | - Oyunchimeg Bayaraa
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- Drug Research Institute, Mongolian University of Pharmaceutical Science, Ulaanbaatar 14250, Mongolia
| | - Nandin Mandakhbayar
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hui Park
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
| | - Tae-Su Jang
- Department of Pre-medi., College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
| | - Khurelbaatar Luvsan
- Drug Research Institute, Mongolian University of Pharmaceutical Science, Ulaanbaatar 14250, Mongolia
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
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Hirooka Y, Nozaki Y, Inoue A, Li J, Shiga T, Kishimoto K, Sugiyama M, Kinoshita K, Funauchi M, Matsumura I. Effects of denosumab versus teriparatide in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis patients with prior bisphosphonate treatment. Bone Rep 2020; 13:100293. [PMID: 32676524 PMCID: PMC7352055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoporosis is one of the serious adverse effects associated with glucocorticoid therapy. Although bisphosphonates have been used for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO), some patients have shown an inadequate response. In such cases, denosumab or teriparatide are used. However, there is no consensus on which of these two drugs is superior. We prospectively compared denosumab's and teriparatide's effects on the bone mineral density (BMD) in GIO patients with prior bisphosphonate treatment. Materials and methods After receiving oral bisphosphonates for ≥2 years, GIO patients with low T-score BMD (<−2.5) were switched from bisphosphonates to denosumab (n = 20) or daily teriparatide (n = 21). We measured the BMD (lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip) in both groups every 6 months for 24 months. Results At 24 months of treatment, the lumbar spine BMD increased significantly from baseline in both the denosumab and teriparatide groups (baseline vs. denosumab and teriparatide; 5.9 ± 5.6%, P < 0.001 and 7.9 ± 5.4%, P < 0.001). A significant increase in femoral neck BMD from baseline occurred only in the teriparatide group (6.6 ± 10.8%, P < 0.05); denosumab (1.5 ± 5.0%). No significant changes occurred in the total hip BMD from baseline in either group (−0.1 ± 5.6% and 3.3 ± 7.5%, respectively). There was no significant difference between the denosumab and teriparatide groups at 24 months in lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, but was significantly higher in the teriparatide group at 12 months (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 in the lumbar spine and femoral neck, respectively). Conclusion Teriparatide might have some advantages over denosumab and be a good alternative for treating GIO patients with prior bisphosphonate treatment. We compared the effects of denosumab and teriparatide on BMD in GIO patients with prior bisphosphonate treatment. At 24 months, teriparatide increased lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, whereas denosumab increased lumbar spine BMD only. At 12 months, teriparatide increased lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD more than denosumab. Teriparatide might have some advantages over denosumab in GIO patients with prior bisphosphonate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Hirooka
- Department of Rheumatology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuji Nozaki
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Department of Rheumatology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Jinhai Li
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Shiga
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kishimoto
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Sugiyama
- Department of Rheumatology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Koji Kinoshita
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Funauchi
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Itaru Matsumura
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Lomakin NV, Buryachkovskaya LI, Zolin DA, Kazey VI. A Prospective, Initiative, Single-Center Open Post-Registration Comparative Study of Laboratory Efficacy of Various Forms of Acetylsalicylic Acid in a Cardioprotective Dose with Different Composition of Excipients: Results of the SFAIROS Study. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2020-06-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N. V. Lomakin
- Central Hospital with Outpatient Department, Administrative Department of the President of the Russian Federation
| | | | - D. A. Zolin
- Central Hospital with Outpatient Department, Administrative Department of the President of the Russian Federation
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Javaid MK, Sami A, Lems W, Mitchell P, Thomas T, Singer A, Speerin R, Fujita M, Pierroz DD, Akesson K, Halbout P, Ferrari S, Cooper C. A patient-level key performance indicator set to measure the effectiveness of fracture liaison services and guide quality improvement: a position paper of the IOF Capture the Fracture Working Group, National Osteoporosis Foundation and Fragility Fracture Network. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:1193-1204. [PMID: 32266437 PMCID: PMC7280347 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) Capture the Fracture® Campaign with the Fragility Fracture Network (FFN) and National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) has developed eleven patient-level key performance indicators (KPIs) for fracture liaison services (FLSs) to guide quality improvement. INTRODUCTION Fracture Liaison Services (FLSs) are recommended worldwide to reduce fracture risk after a sentinel fracture. Given not every FLS is automatically effective, the IOF Capture the Fracture working group has developed and implemented the Best Practice Framework to assess the organisational components of an FLS. We have now developed a complimentary KPI set that extends this assessment of performance to the patient level. METHODS The Capture the Fracture working group in collaboration with the Fragility Fracture Network Secondary Fragility Fracture Special Interest Group and National Osteoporosis Foundation adapted existing metrics from the UK-based Fracture Liaison Service Database Audit to develop a patient-level KPI set for FLSs. RESULTS Eleven KPIs were selected. The proportion of patients: with non-spinal fractures; with spine fractures (detected clinically and radiologically); assessed for fracture risk within 12 weeks of sentinel fracture; having DXA assessment within 12 weeks of sentinel fracture; having falls risk assessment; recommended anti-osteoporosis medication; commenced of strength and balance exercise intervention within 16 weeks of sentinel fracture; monitored within 16 weeks of sentinel fracture; started anti-osteoporosis medication within 16 weeks of sentinel fracture; prescribed anti-osteoporosis medication 52 weeks after sentinel fracture. The final KPI measures data completeness for each of the other KPIs. For these indicators, levels of achievement were set at the < 50%, 50-80% and > 80% levels except for treatment recommendation where a level of 50% was used. CONCLUSION This KPI set compliments the existing Best Practice Framework to support FLSs to examine their own performance using patient-level data. By using this KPI set for local quality improvement cycles, FLSs will be able to efficiently realise the full potential of secondary fracture prevention and improved clinical outcomes for their local populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Javaid
- The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Orthopaedic Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX4 7LD, UK.
| | - A Sami
- The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Orthopaedic Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX4 7LD, UK
| | - W Lems
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Mitchell
- The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Orthopaedic Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX4 7LD, UK
- School of Medicine, Sydney Campus, The University of Notre Dame Australia, 140 Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - T Thomas
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Nord, CHU de Saint-Etienne, and INSERM U1059, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - A Singer
- Department of Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - R Speerin
- Fragility Fracture Network, Zürich, Switzerland
- Musculoskeletal Network, NSW Agency for Clinical Innovation, Chatswood, Australia
| | - M Fujita
- International Osteoporosis Foundation, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - D D Pierroz
- International Osteoporosis Foundation, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - K Akesson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - P Halbout
- International Osteoporosis Foundation, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - S Ferrari
- Division of Bone Disease, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Cooper
- The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Orthopaedic Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX4 7LD, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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