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Liu H, Xiao H, Lin S, Zhou H, Cheng Y, Xie B, Xu D. Effect of gut hormones on bone metabolism and their possible mechanisms in the treatment of osteoporosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1372399. [PMID: 38725663 PMCID: PMC11079205 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1372399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone is a highly dynamic organ that changes with the daily circadian rhythm. During the day, bone resorption is suppressed due to eating, while it increases at night. This circadian rhythm of the skeleton is regulated by gut hormones. Until now, gut hormones that have been found to affect skeletal homeostasis include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and peptide YY (PYY), which exerts its effects by binding to its cognate receptors (GLP-1R, GLP-2R, GIPR, and Y1R). Several studies have shown that GLP-1, GLP-2, and GIP all inhibit bone resorption, while GIP also promotes bone formation. Notably, PYY has a strong bone resorption-promoting effect. In addition, gut microbiota (GM) plays an important role in maintaining bone homeostasis. This review outlines the roles of GLP-1, GLP-2, GIP, and PYY in bone metabolism and discusses the roles of gut hormones and the GM in regulating bone homeostasis and their potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Huimin Xiao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Sufen Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yizhao Cheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Baocheng Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The 10th Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People’s Hospital), Dongguan, China
| | - Daohua Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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2
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Herrou J, Mabilleau G, Lecerf JM, Thomas T, Biver E, Paccou J. Narrative Review of Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Bone Health in People Living with Obesity. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 114:86-97. [PMID: 37999750 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 Receptor agonists (GLP-1Ras) such as liraglutide and semaglutide have been recently approved as medications for chronic weight management in people living with obesity (PwO); GLP-1 may enhance bone metabolism and improve bone quality. However, the effects of GLP-1Ras on skeletal health remain to be determined and that's the purpose of this narrative review. Nevertheless, bone consequences of intentional weight loss interventions in PwO are well known: (i) significant weight loss induced by caloric restriction and bariatric surgery results in accelerated bone turnover and bone loss, and (ii) unlike caloric restriction interventions, PwO experience a substantial deterioration in bone microarchitecture and strength associated with an increased risk of fracture after bariatric surgery especially malabsorptive procedures. Liraglutide seems to have a positive effect on bone material properties despite significant weight loss in several rodent models. However, most of positive effects on bone mineral density and microarchitecture were observed at concentration much higher than approved for obesity care in humans. No data have been reported in preclinical models with semaglutide. The current evidence of the effects of GLP-1Ra on bone health in PwO is limited. Indeed, studies on the use of GLP-1Ra mostly included patients with diabetes who were administered a dose used in this condition, did not have adequate bone parameters as primary endpoints, and had short follow-up periods. Further studies are needed to investigate the bone impact of GLP-1Ra, dual- and triple-receptor agonists for GLP-1, glucose-dependent insulin releasing polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon in PwO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Herrou
- Service de Rhumatologie, Inserm U 1153, AP-HP Centre, Hôpital Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Mabilleau
- ONIRIS, Inserm, RMeS, UMR 1229, SFR ICAT, Univ Angers, Nantes Université, Angers, France
| | - Jean-Michel Lecerf
- Department of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Thierry Thomas
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Nord, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint-Etienne, Inserm U1059, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Emmanuel Biver
- Service of Bone Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Paccou
- Department of Rheumatology, CHU Lille, MABlab ULR 4490, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France.
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3
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Wang R, Na H, Cheng S, Zheng Y, Yao J, Bian Y, Gu Y. Effects of glucagon‑like peptide‑1 receptor agonists on fracture healing in a rat osteoporotic model. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:412. [PMID: 37559934 PMCID: PMC10407998 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common disease characterized by reduced bone mass, microstructural deterioration, fragility and consequent fragility fractures and is particularly prevalent among the elderly population. Although glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have positive effects on bones, their role in the prevention of osteoporotic fractures remains to be elucidated. The present study assigned female Sprague Dawley rats with osteoporotic fractures into variectomized osteoporosis (OVX), OVX + liraglutide (LIRA) (50 µg/kg/day subcutaneous LIRA) and control groups. At 3 and 6 weeks postoperatively, X-ray, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, histological and biomechanical assays and assessment of femoral bone mineral density (BMD) were performed. Compared with the OVX group, GLP-1 RA treatment improved the formation of calluses and osseous union. TRAP staining showed significantly fewer osteoclasts in the OVX + LIRA group compared with the OVX group. In the osteoporotically fractured rats, LIRA improved bone strength at the femoral diaphysis, stiffness, ultimate load and femoral trabecular BMD Compared with the OVX group. GLP-1 RA treatment inhibited osteoclast formation and improved trabecular bone architecture and mass in osteoporotic fracture model rats, leading to improved biomechanical strength. GLP-1 RAs may be used as novel anti-osteoporotic fracture agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, P.R. China
| | - Han Na
- Department of Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, P.R. China
| | - Shaowen Cheng
- Department of Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, P.R. China
| | - Yanglin Zheng
- Department of Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, P.R. China
| | - Jiangling Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Bian
- Department of Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, P.R. China
| | - Yuntao Gu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, P.R. China
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4
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Yang Q, Fu B, Luo D, Wang H, Cao H, Chen X, Tian L, Yu X. The Multiple Biological Functions of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 in Bone Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:856954. [PMID: 35586625 PMCID: PMC9109619 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.856954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is a ubiquitously occurring protease involved in various physiological and pathological processes ranging from glucose homeostasis, immunoregulation, inflammation to tumorigenesis. Recently, the benefits of DPP4 inhibitors as novel hypoglycemic agents on bone metabolism have attracted extensive attraction in many studies, indicating that DPP4 inhibitors may regulate bone homeostasis. The effects of DPP4 on bone metabolism are still unclear. This paper thoroughly reviews the potential mechanisms of DPP4 for interaction with adipokines, bone cells, bone immune cells, and cytokines in skeleton system. This literature review shows that the increased DPP4 activity may indirectly promote bone resorption and inhibit bone formation, increasing the risk of osteoporosis. Thus, bone metabolic balance can be improved by decreasing DPP4 activities. The substantial evidence collected and analyzed in this review supports this implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Fu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyi Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xijie Yu,
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5
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Chiodini I, Gaudio A, Palermo A, Napoli N, Vescini F, Falchetti A, Merlotti D, Eller-Vainicher C, Carnevale V, Scillitani A, Pugliese G, Rendina D, Salcuni A, Bertoldo F, Gonnelli S, Nuti R, Toscano V, Triggiani V, Cenci S, Gennari L. Management of bone fragility in type 2 diabetes: Perspective from an interdisciplinary expert panel. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2210-2233. [PMID: 34059385 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Bone fragility is increasingly recognized as a relevant complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and diabetic patients with fragility fractures have higher mortality rates than non diabetic individuals or diabetic patients without fractures. However, current diagnostic approaches for fracture risk stratification, such as bone mineral density measurement or the use of risk assessment algorithms, largely underestimate fracture risk in T2D patients. A multidisciplinary expert panel was established in order to in order to formulate clinical consensus recommendations on bone health assessment and management of fracture risk in patients with T2D. DATA SYNTHESIS The following key questions were addressed: a) which are the risk factors for bone fragility in T2D?, b) which diagnostic procedures can be currently used to stratify fracture risk in T2D patients?, c) which are the effects of antidiabetic treatments on bone?, and d) how to prevent and treat bone fragility in T2D patients? Based on the available data members of this panel suggest that the stratification of fracture risk in patients with diabetes should firstly rely on the presence of a previous fragility fracture and on the individual risk profile, with the inclusion of T2D-specific risk factors (namely T2D duration above 10 yrs, presence of chronic T2D complications, use of insulin or thiazolidinediones and persistent HbA1c levels above 8% for at least 1 year). Two independent diagnostic approaches were then suggested in the presence or the absence of a prevalent fragility fracture, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Clinical trials in T2D patients at risk for fragility fractures are needed to determine the efficacy and safety of available antiresorptive and anabolic agents in this specific setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iacopo Chiodini
- Unit for Bone Metabolism Diseases and Diabetes and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Agostino Gaudio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, University Hospital "G. Rodolico" Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Palermo
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Vescini
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, University-Hospital S. M. Misericordia of Udine, Italy
| | - Alberto Falchetti
- Unit for Bone Metabolism Diseases and Diabetes and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy; EndOsMet, Villa Donatello Private Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Merlotti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Siena, Italy; Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Carnevale
- Unit of Internal Medicine, "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, (FG), Italy
| | - Alfredo Scillitani
- Unit of Endocrinology, "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, (FG), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, and Diabetes Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Rendina
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Salcuni
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertoldo
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Gonnelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Siena, Italy
| | - Ranuccio Nuti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Siena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Toscano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases. University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Simone Cenci
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Gennari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Siena, Italy.
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Kitaura H, Ogawa S, Ohori F, Noguchi T, Marahleh A, Nara Y, Pramusita A, Kinjo R, Ma J, Kanou K, Mizoguchi I. Effects of Incretin-Related Diabetes Drugs on Bone Formation and Bone Resorption. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126578. [PMID: 34205264 PMCID: PMC8234693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of fracture compared to the general population. Glucose absorption is accelerated by incretin hormones, which induce insulin secretion from the pancreas. The level of the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), shows an immediate postprandial increase, and the circulating level of intact GLP-1 is reduced rapidly by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4)-mediated inactivation. Therefore, GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors are effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, these incretin-related diabetic agents have been reported to affect bone metabolism, including bone formation and resorption. These agents enhance the expression of bone markers, and have been applied to improve bone quality and bone density. In addition, they have been reported to suppress chronic inflammation and reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokine expression. Previously, we reported that these incretin-related agents inhibited both the expression of inflammatory cytokines and inflammation-induced bone resorption. This review presents an overview of current knowledge regarding the effects of incretin-related diabetes drugs on osteoblast differentiation and bone formation as well as osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. The mechanisms by which incretin-related diabetes drugs regulate bone formation and bone resorption are also discussed.
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Lafferty RA, O’Harte FPM, Irwin N, Gault VA, Flatt PR. Proglucagon-Derived Peptides as Therapeutics. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:689678. [PMID: 34093449 PMCID: PMC8171296 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.689678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Initially discovered as an impurity in insulin preparations, our understanding of the hyperglycaemic hormone glucagon has evolved markedly over subsequent decades. With description of the precursor proglucagon, we now appreciate that glucagon was just the first proglucagon-derived peptide (PGDP) to be characterised. Other bioactive members of the PGDP family include glucagon-like peptides -1 and -2 (GLP-1 and GLP-2), oxyntomodulin (OXM), glicentin and glicentin-related pancreatic peptide (GRPP), with these being produced via tissue-specific processing of proglucagon by the prohormone convertase (PC) enzymes, PC1/3 and PC2. PGDP peptides exert unique physiological effects that influence metabolism and energy regulation, which has witnessed several of them exploited in the form of long-acting, enzymatically resistant analogues for treatment of various pathologies. As such, intramuscular glucagon is well established in rescue of hypoglycaemia, while GLP-2 analogues are indicated in the management of short bowel syndrome. Furthermore, since approval of the first GLP-1 mimetic for the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in 2005, GLP-1 therapeutics have become a mainstay of T2DM management due to multifaceted and sustainable improvements in glycaemia, appetite control and weight loss. More recently, longer-acting PGDP therapeutics have been developed, while newfound benefits on cardioprotection, bone health, renal and liver function and cognition have been uncovered. In the present article, we discuss the physiology of PGDP peptides and their therapeutic applications, with a focus on successful design of analogues including dual and triple PGDP receptor agonists currently in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Victor A. Gault
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
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Li Y, Fu H, Wang H, Luo S, Wang L, Chen J, Lu H. GLP-1 promotes osteogenic differentiation of human ADSCs via the Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 515:110921. [PMID: 32615283 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues are promising anti-diabetic drugs which had been shown to have beneficial effects on bone metabolism in clinical practice, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated whether GLP-1 can affect the "intestine-fat-bone axis" via the Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. We established a diabetic mouse model and then treated mice with GLP-1 analogue liraglutide. The results showed that after liraglutide treatment, glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were significantly improved in diabetic mice as expected. Moreover, osteogenic markers such as collagenⅠ, Runx2 and OCN were upregulated; and the adipogenic differentiation markers C/EBP-α and PPAR-γ were downregulated, these results indicated that liraglutide could ameliorate the osteogenic metabolism in diabetic mice. In the cell model, human ADSCs (hADSCs) were cultured and induced to undergo osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation under high glucose conditions in vitro and then treated with GLP-1. The results showed that GLP-1 repressed the induction of adipocyte differentiation biomarkers and the secretion of GSK-3β in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, GLP-1 enhanced the expression of osteoblastogenic biomarkers, such as OCN, Runx2 and collagenⅠ, and promoted osteoblastic mineralization. These effects were substantially suppressed by the Wnt signal recombinant human DKK-1 or activated by Wnt pathway agonist LiCl. Silencing of GSK-3β showed that the levels of β-catenin, GSK-3β and Runx2 were significantly increased by 2.46-, 2.05-, 4.44-fold after GLP-1 treatment compared to that observed in the GSK-3β lentiviral group, respectively. We conclude that GLP-1 promotes the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs via the Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huirong Fu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hou Wang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shunkui Luo
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiandi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongyun Lu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong Province, China; Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China.
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9
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Stensen S, Gasbjerg LS, Helsted MM, Hartmann B, Christensen MB, Knop FK. GIP and the gut-bone axis - Physiological, pathophysiological and potential therapeutic implications. Peptides 2020; 125:170197. [PMID: 31715213 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The influence by gut-derived hormones on bone remodelling appears increasingly important as research on the enteroendocrine-osseous axis accelerates. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is secreted from the gut and potentiates insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. GIP has, like the two other gut-derived hormones, glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucagon-like peptide 2, been shown to affect bone remodelling as part of the enteroendocrine-osseous axis. Observational studies have shown that a mutation in the GIP receptor causing reduced receptor signalling leads to lower bone mineral density and increased fracture risk. Rodent as well as human studies have shown that GIP causes serum levels of the bone resorption marker carboxy-terminal type 1 collagen crosslinks to decline. GIP may also increase bone formation indicating a potential uncoupling of bone resorption and formation. Here, we review past and recent discoveries elucidating the enteroendocrine-osseous axis with a special focus on GIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Stensen
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Lærke Smidt Gasbjerg
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Marstrand Helsted
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Bring Christensen
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Filip Krag Knop
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.
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10
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Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of diabetes continues to increase, and proper understanding of the adverse effects on bone metabolism is important. This review attempts to discuss the pathophysiology of the effects of diabetes and diabetic medications on bone metabolism and bone health. In addition, this review will address the mechanisms resulting in increased fracture risk and delayed bone healing to better treat and manage diabetic patients in the orthopedic clinical setting.
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11
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Hygum K, Harsløf T, Jørgensen NR, Rungby J, Pedersen SB, Langdahl BL. Bone resorption is unchanged by liraglutide in type 2 diabetes patients: A randomised controlled trial. Bone 2020; 132:115197. [PMID: 31870634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, has well known beneficial effects on glucose metabolism, and animal studies indicate that liraglutide also affects bone turnover by decreasing bone resorption. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the effect of liraglutide on bone turnover in patients with T2D. METHODS The study was a randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial. Sixty participants with T2D were randomized to treatment with liraglutide 1.8 mg daily or placebo for 26 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in p-collagen I cross-linked C-terminal telopeptide (p-CTX). RESULTS P-CTX increased in patients treated with liraglutide by 0.07 (0.03; 0.10) μg/L (p < 0.001) and in patients treated with placebo by 0.03 (0.00; 0.06) μg/L (p = 0.04), however, changes were not different between the groups (p = 0.16). Weight decreased in patients treated with liraglutide from baseline to week four (p < 0.001) and remained stable thereafter. P-procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) decreased in patients treated with liraglutide from baseline to week four (p < 0.01), increased between weeks 4 and 13 (p = 0.03), and remained elevated thereafter. Weight and p-P1NP did not change in patients treated with placebo. Hip bone mineral density (BMD) decreased in placebo treated patients from baseline to end of study, whereas no changes were seen in patients treated with liraglutide (p = 0.01 difference between groups). CONCLUSION Liraglutide treatment for 26 weeks did not affect bone resorption and preserved hip BMD despite weight loss in patients with T2D, suggesting that liraglutide has some antiresorptive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Hygum
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
| | - Torben Harsløf
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Niklas Rye Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; OPEN, Open Patient data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital/Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Rungby
- Department of Endocrinology IC/ Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Steen B Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Bente L Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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12
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Müller TD, Finan B, Bloom SR, D'Alessio D, Drucker DJ, Flatt PR, Fritsche A, Gribble F, Grill HJ, Habener JF, Holst JJ, Langhans W, Meier JJ, Nauck MA, Perez-Tilve D, Pocai A, Reimann F, Sandoval DA, Schwartz TW, Seeley RJ, Stemmer K, Tang-Christensen M, Woods SC, DiMarchi RD, Tschöp MH. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Mol Metab 2019; 30:72-130. [PMID: 31767182 PMCID: PMC6812410 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 831] [Impact Index Per Article: 166.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a multifaceted hormone with broad pharmacological potential. Among the numerous metabolic effects of GLP-1 are the glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion, decrease of gastric emptying, inhibition of food intake, increase of natriuresis and diuresis, and modulation of rodent β-cell proliferation. GLP-1 also has cardio- and neuroprotective effects, decreases inflammation and apoptosis, and has implications for learning and memory, reward behavior, and palatability. Biochemically modified for enhanced potency and sustained action, GLP-1 receptor agonists are successfully in clinical use for the treatment of type-2 diabetes, and several GLP-1-based pharmacotherapies are in clinical evaluation for the treatment of obesity. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we provide a detailed overview on the multifaceted nature of GLP-1 and its pharmacology and discuss its therapeutic implications on various diseases. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Since its discovery, GLP-1 has emerged as a pleiotropic hormone with a myriad of metabolic functions that go well beyond its classical identification as an incretin hormone. The numerous beneficial effects of GLP-1 render this hormone an interesting candidate for the development of pharmacotherapies to treat obesity, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - B Finan
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - S R Bloom
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - D D'Alessio
- Division of Endocrinology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - D J Drucker
- The Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5G1X5, Canada
| | - P R Flatt
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - A Fritsche
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - F Gribble
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - H J Grill
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - J F Habener
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J J Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - W Langhans
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - J J Meier
- Diabetes Division, St Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - M A Nauck
- Diabetes Center Bochum-Hattingen, St Josef Hospital (Ruhr-Universität Bochum), Bochum, Germany
| | - D Perez-Tilve
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati-College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A Pocai
- Cardiovascular & ImmunoMetabolism, Janssen Research & Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - F Reimann
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - D A Sandoval
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - T W Schwartz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DL-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K Stemmer
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M Tang-Christensen
- Obesity Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - S C Woods
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - R D DiMarchi
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - M H Tschöp
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
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Grammatiki M, Antonopoulou V, Kotsa K. Emerging incretin hormones actions: focus on bone metabolism. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2019; 44:264-272. [DOI: 10.23736/s0391-1977.19.03008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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14
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Bautista CRG, Santos IVD, Moraes RM, Chiba FY, Sumida DH, Moraes MBD, Vasconcellos LMRD, Anbinder AL. Sitagliptin’s effects on bone tissue and osseointegration in diabetic rats. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 102:238-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Schiellerup SP, Skov-Jeppesen K, Windeløv JA, Svane MS, Holst JJ, Hartmann B, Rosenkilde MM. Gut Hormones and Their Effect on Bone Metabolism. Potential Drug Therapies in Future Osteoporosis Treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:75. [PMID: 30863364 PMCID: PMC6399108 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis displays a circadian rhythm with increased resorption during the night time as compared to day time, a difference that seems-at least partly-to be caused by food intake during the day. Thus, ingestion of a meal results in a decrease in bone resorption, but people suffering from short bowel syndrome lack this response. Gut hormones, released in response to a meal, contribute to this link between the gut and bone metabolism. The responsible hormones appear to include glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), known as incretin hormones due to their role in regulating glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin release in response to food intake. They interact with their cognate receptors (GIPR and GLP-1R), which are both members of the class B G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and already recognized as targets for treatment of metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), secreted concomitantly with GLP-1, acting via another class B receptor (GLP-2R), is also part of this gut-bone axis. Several studies, including human studies, have indicated that these three hormones inhibit bone resorption and, moreover, that GIP increases bone formation. Another hormone, peptide YY (PYY), is also secreted from the enteroendocrine L-cells (together with GLP-1 and GLP-2), and acts mainly via interaction with the class A GPCR NPY-R2. PYY is best known for its effect on appetite regulation, but recent studies have also shown an effect of PYY on bone metabolism. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the actions of GIP, GLP-1, GLP-2, and PYY on bone metabolism, and to discuss future therapies targeting these receptors for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sine Paasch Schiellerup
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsa Skov-Jeppesen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanne Agerlin Windeløv
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Saur Svane
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Marie Rosenkilde
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Mette Marie Rosenkilde
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Mansur SA, Mieczkowska A, Flatt PR, Chappard D, Irwin N, Mabilleau G. The GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Exenatide Ameliorates Bone Composition and Tissue Material Properties in High Fat Fed Diabetic Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:51. [PMID: 30809192 PMCID: PMC6380209 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has recently been recognized as a significant risk factor for bone fragility. Careful investigations of bone mechanical properties in human studies suggested possible alterations of bone composition, although this axis has poorly been investigated. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of high fat diet-induced diabetes and therapy using the clinically approved GLP-1 receptor agonist, exenatide, on tissue bone mechanical properties and compositional parameters. Male mice had free access to high fat diet for 16 weeks to induce diabetes prior to commencement of the study. Exenatide was administered twice daily by i.p. injection at a dose of 25 nmol/kg for 52 days. Normal and high fat diet fed (HFD) mice injected with saline were used as controls. Bone mechanical properties was assessed at the organ level by 3-point bending and at the tissue level by nanoindentation. Bone microarchitecture was investigated by microcomputed tomography and bone composition was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared imaging. HFD mice exhibited profound alterations of bone mechanical properties at both the organ and tissue level. Collagen maturity as well as trabecular and cortical bone microarchitectures were abnormal. Administration of exenatide, led to clear ameliorations in bone mechanical properties at the organ and tissue levels by modifications of both cortical microarchitecture and bone compositional parameters (collagen maturity, mineral crystallinity, carbonate/phosphate ratio, acid phosphate content). These results bring new light on the mode of action of exenatide in bone physiology and demonstrate the value of GLP-1 mimetics in the treatment of fragility fractures in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sity Aishah Mansur
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandra Mieczkowska
- Groupe études remodelage osseux et biomatériaux, GEROM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Peter R. Flatt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Chappard
- Groupe études remodelage osseux et biomatériaux, GEROM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
- Service commun d'imageries et d'analyses microscopiques, SCIAM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
- Bone Pathology Unit, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Nigel Irwin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Mabilleau
- Groupe études remodelage osseux et biomatériaux, GEROM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
- Service commun d'imageries et d'analyses microscopiques, SCIAM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
- Bone Pathology Unit, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
- *Correspondence: Guillaume Mabilleau
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17
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Mabilleau G, Gobron B, Mieczkowska A, Perrot R, Chappard D. Efficacy of targeting bone-specific GIP receptor in ovariectomy-induced bone loss. J Endocrinol 2018; 239:215-227. [PMID: 30121578 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) has been recognized in the last decade as an important contributor of bone remodelling and is necessary for optimal bone quality. However, GIP receptors are expressed in several tissues in the body and little is known about the direct vs indirect effects of GIP on bone remodelling and quality. The aims of the present study were to validate two new GIP analogues, called [d-Ala2]-GIP-Tag and [d-Ala2]-GIP1-30, which specifically target either bone or whole-body GIP receptors, respectively; and to ascertain the beneficial effects of GIP therapy on bone in a mouse model of ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Both GIP analogues exhibited similar binding capacities at the GIP receptor and intracellular responses as full-length GIP1-42. Furthermore, only [d-Ala2]-GIP-Tag, but not [d-Ala2]-GIP1-30, was undoubtedly found exclusively in the bone matrix and released at acidic pH. In ovariectomized animals, [d-Ala2]-GIP1-30 but not [d-Ala2]-GIP-Tag ameliorated bone stiffness at the same magnitude than alendronate treatment. Only [d-Ala2]-GIP1-30 treatment led to significant ameliorations in cortical microarchitecture. Although alendronate treatment increased the hardness of the bone matrix and the type B carbonate substitution in the hydroxyapatite crystals, none of the GIP analogues modified bone matrix composition. Interestingly, in ovariectomy-induced bone loss, [d-Ala2]-GIP-Tag failed to alter bone strength, microarchitecture and bone matrix composition. Overall, this study shows that the use of a GIP analogue that target whole-body GIP receptors might be useful to improve bone strength in ovariectomized animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mabilleau
- Groupe d'Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, GEROM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers Cedex, France
- Bone Pathology Unit, Angers University Hospital, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Benoit Gobron
- Groupe d'Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, GEROM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers Cedex, France
- Rheumatology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Aleksandra Mieczkowska
- Groupe d'Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, GEROM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Rodolphe Perrot
- Service Commun d'Imageries et d'Analyses Microscopiques, SCIAM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Chappard
- Groupe d'Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, GEROM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers Cedex, France
- Bone Pathology Unit, Angers University Hospital, Angers Cedex, France
- Service Commun d'Imageries et d'Analyses Microscopiques, SCIAM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers Cedex, France
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18
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Mabilleau G, Gobron B, Bouvard B, Chappard D. Incretin-based therapy for the treatment of bone fragility in diabetes mellitus. Peptides 2018; 100:108-113. [PMID: 29412811 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone fractures are common comorbidities of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Bone fracture incidence seems to develop due to increased risk of falls, poor bone quality and/or anti-diabetic medications. Previously, a relation between gut hormones and bone has been suspected. Most recent evidences suggest indeed that two gut hormones, namely glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), may control bone remodeling and quality. The GIP receptor is expressed in bone cells and knockout of either GIP or its receptor induces severe bone quality alterations. Similar alterations are also encountered in GLP-1 receptor knock-out animals associated with abnormal osteoclast resorption. Some GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) have been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and although clinical trials may not have been designed to investigate bone fracture, first results suggest that GLP-1RA may not exacerbate abnormal bone quality observed in T2DM. The recent design of double and triple gut hormone agonists may also represent a suitable alternative for restoring compromised bone quality observed in T2DM. However, although most of these new molecules demonstrated weight loss action, little is known on their bone safety. The present review summarizes the most recent findings on peptide-based incretin therapy and bone physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mabilleau
- GEROM-LHEA UPRES EA4658, University of Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Angers, France; SCIAM, University of Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Angers, France; Bone Pathology Unit, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France.
| | - Benoît Gobron
- GEROM-LHEA UPRES EA4658, University of Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Angers, France; Rheumatology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Béatrice Bouvard
- GEROM-LHEA UPRES EA4658, University of Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Angers, France; Rheumatology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Daniel Chappard
- GEROM-LHEA UPRES EA4658, University of Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Angers, France; SCIAM, University of Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Angers, France; Bone Pathology Unit, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
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Mabilleau G, Pereira M, Chenu C. Novel skeletal effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. J Endocrinol 2018; 236:R29-R42. [PMID: 28855317 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to bone fragility and predisposes to increased risk of fracture, poor bone healing and other skeletal complications. In addition, some anti-diabetic therapies for T2DM can have notable detrimental skeletal effects. Thus, an appropriate therapeutic strategy for T2DM should not only be effective in re-establishing good glycaemic control but also in minimising skeletal complications. There is increasing evidence that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), now greatly prescribed for the treatment of T2DM, have beneficial skeletal effects although the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. This review provides an overview of the direct and indirect effects of GLP-1RAs on bone physiology, focusing on bone quality and novel mechanisms of action on the vasculature and hormonal regulation. The overall experimental studies indicate significant positive skeletal effects of GLP-1RAs on bone quality and strength although their mechanisms of actions may differ according to various GLP-1RAs and clinical studies supporting their bone protective effects are still lacking. The possibility that GLP-1RAs could improve blood supply to bone, which is essential for skeletal health, is of major interest and suggests that GLP-1 anti-diabetic therapy could benefit the rising number of elderly T2DM patients with osteoporosis and high fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mabilleau
- GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et biomatériauxIRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Marie Pereira
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research (CCIR)Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chantal Chenu
- Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary College, London, UK
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Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, facilitates osteogenic proliferation and differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells through phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)1/2, and cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathways involving β-catenin. Exp Cell Res 2017; 360:281-291. [PMID: 28919123 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have proven that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and its receptor agonist exert favorable anabolic effects on skeletal metabolism. However, whether GLP-1 could directly impact osteoblast-mediated bone formation is still controversial, and the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. Thus in this paper, we investigated the effects of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, on murine MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts proliferation and differentiation and explored the potential cellular basis. Our study confirmed the presence of GLP-1R in MC3T3-E1, and demonstrated that liraglutide promotes osteoblasts proliferation at an intermediate concentration (100nM) and time (48h), upregulated the expression of osteoblastogenic biomarkers at various stages, and stimulated osteoblastic mineralization. Liraglutide also elevated the intracellular cAMP level and phosphorylation of AKT, ERK and β-catenin simultaneously with increased nuclear β-catenin content and transcriptional activity. Pretreatment of cells with the inhibitors LY294002, PD98059, H89 and GLP-1R and β-catenin siRNA partially blocked the liraglutide-induced signaling activation and attenuated the facilitating effect of liraglutide on MC3T3-E1 cells. Collectively, liraglutide was capable of acting upon osteoblasts directly through GLP-1R by activating PI3K/AKT, ERK1/2, cAMP/PKA/β-cat-Ser675 signaling to promote bone formation via GLP-1R. Thus, GLP-1 analogues may be potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of osteoporosis in diabetics.
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Hansen MSS, Tencerova M, Frølich J, Kassem M, Frost M. Effects of gastric inhibitory polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on Bone Cell Metabolism. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 122:25-37. [PMID: 28722834 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between gut and skeleton is increasingly recognized as part of the integrated physiology of the whole organism. The incretin hormones gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are secreted from the intestine in response to nutrient intake and exhibit several physiological functions including regulation of islet hormone secretion and glucose levels. A number of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are currently used in treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. However, GIP and GLP-1 cognate receptors are widely expressed suggesting that incretin hormones mediate effects beyond control of glucose homeostasis, and reports on associations between incretin hormones and bone metabolism have emerged. The aim of this MiniReview was to provide an overview of current knowledge regarding the in vivo and in vitro effects of GIP and GLP-1 on bone metabolism. We identified a total of 30 pre-clinical and clinical investigations of the effects of GIP, GLP-1 and GLP-1RAs on bone turnover markers, bone mineral density (BMD), bone microarchitecture and fracture risk. Studies conducted in cell cultures and rodents demonstrated that GIP and GLP-1 play a role in regulating skeletal homeostasis, with pre-clinical data suggesting that GIP inhibits bone resorption whereas GLP-1 may promote bone formation and enhance bone material properties. These effects are not corroborated by clinical studies. While there is evidence of effects of GIP and GLP-1 on bone metabolism in pre-clinical investigations, clinical trials are needed to clarify whether similar effects are present and clinically relevant in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten S S Hansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital (OUH), Odense C, Denmark
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit, OUH & University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark.,Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jacob Frølich
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital (OUH), Odense C, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital (OUH), Odense C, Denmark.,The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit, OUH & University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark.,Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Morten Frost
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital (OUH), Odense C, Denmark.,The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit, OUH & University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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22
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Mabilleau G. Interplay between bone and incretin hormones: A review. Morphologie 2017; 101:9-18. [PMID: 27423214 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a tissue with multiple functions that is built from the molecular to anatomical levels to resist and adapt to mechanical strains. Among all the factors that might control the bone organization, a role for several gut hormones called "incretins" has been suspected. The present review summarizes the current evidences on the effects of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in bone physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mabilleau
- GEROM-LHEA, groupe d'études remodelage osseux et biomatériaux, institut de biologie en santé, université d'Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933 Angers cedex 09, France; SCIAM, institut de biologie en santé, université d'Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933 Angers cedex 09, France.
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23
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Pereira M, Gohin S, Roux JP, Fisher A, Cleasby ME, Mabilleau G, Chenu C. Exenatide Improves Bone Quality in a Murine Model of Genetically Inherited Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:327. [PMID: 29209277 PMCID: PMC5701968 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with skeletal complications, including an increased risk of fractures. Reduced blood supply and bone strength may contribute to this skeletal fragility. We hypothesized that long-term administration of Exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, would improve bone architecture and strength of T2DM mice by increasing blood flow to bone, thereby stimulating bone formation. In this study, we used a model of obesity and severe T2DM, the leptin receptor-deficient db/db mouse to assess alterations in bone quality and hindlimb blood flow and to examine the beneficial effects of 4 weeks administration of Exenatide. As expected, diabetic mice showed marked alterations in bone structure, remodeling and strength, and basal vascular tone compared with lean mice. Exenatide treatment improved trabecular bone mass and architecture by increasing bone formation rate, but only in diabetic mice. Although there was no effect on hindlimb perfusion at the end of this treatment, Exenatide administration acutely increased tibial blood flow. While Exenatide treatment did not restore the impaired bone strength, intrinsic properties of the matrix, such as collagen maturity, were improved. The effects of Exenatide on in vitro bone formation were further investigated in primary osteoblasts cultured under high-glucose conditions, showing that Exenatide reversed the impairment in bone formation induced by glucose. In conclusion, Exenatide improves trabecular bone mass by increasing bone formation and could protect against the development of skeletal complications associated with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pereira
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Marie Pereira,
| | - Stephanie Gohin
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Mark E. Cleasby
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Mabilleau
- GEROM-LHEA UPRES EA 4658, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Chantal Chenu
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Zhao C, Liang J, Yang Y, Yu M, Qu X. The Impact of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 on Bone Metabolism and Its Possible Mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:98. [PMID: 28515711 PMCID: PMC5413504 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of antidiabetic drugs on bone metabolism is drawing increasing attention due to the discovery of a correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are a novel and promising class of drugs for T2DM, which may also have clinical applications in bone tissue disorders. This review examines the impact of GLP-1 on bone metabolism, including enhancement of bone mineral density and improvement of bone quality. However, the precise effect of GLP-1 on fracture risk has not been unambiguously defined. This review also summarizes our current understanding of the mechanisms by which GLP-1 affects bone metabolism. GLP-1 may act on bone by promoting bone formation, inhibiting bone resorption, and affecting the coordination of the two processes. We describe molecular pathways and proteins, such as Wnt and calcitonin, that are associated with GLP-1 and bone tissue. The specific processes and related molecular mechanisms of the effects of GLP-1 on bone metabolism need to be further explored and clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhe Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinqiu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxiang Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mingxiang Yu, ; Xinhua Qu,
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mingxiang Yu, ; Xinhua Qu,
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25
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Intestinal Incretins and the Regulation of Bone Physiology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1033:13-33. [PMID: 29101649 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66653-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although originally identified as modulators of nutrient absorption, the gut hormones gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) have also been found to play an important role in the regulation of bone turnover. These "incretin" hormones promote bone anabolism by stimulating osteoblast differentiation as well as increasing osteoblast longevity. In addition, GIP and perhaps GLP-2 attenuate the activity of osteoclastic cells, leading to a net increase in bone deposition and ultimately increasing bone mass. Studies have demonstrated that these hormones are important for bone mineralization and overall bone quality and function evolutionarily as important nutritional links signaling nutrient availability for skeletal anabolic functions. Accordingly, these entero-osseous hormones (EOH) have therapeutic potential for the management of osteoporosis. Although this chapter primarily focuses on skeletal effects of these incretin hormones, the GIP, GLP-1, and GLP-2 receptors are actually widely expressed throughout the body. Therefore, we will also briefly discuss these extraosseous receptors/effects and how they may indirectly impact the skeleton.
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26
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Mabilleau G, Perrot R, Mieczkowska A, Boni S, Flatt PR, Irwin N, Chappard D. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) dose-dependently reduces osteoclast differentiation and resorption. Bone 2016; 91:102-12. [PMID: 27451082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A role for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in controlling bone resorption has been suspected. However uncertainty remains to identify whether GIP act directly on osteoclasts. The aim of the present study were (i) to identify in different osteoclast differentiation models (human peripheral blood mononuclear cells-PBMC, murine bone marrow macrophage-BMM and murine Raw 264.7 cells) whether GIP was capable of reducing osteoclast formation and resorption; (ii) ascertain whether the highly potent GIP analogue N-AcGIP was capable of inducing a response at lower concentrations and (iii) to decipher the molecular mechanisms responsible for such effects. [d-Ala(2)]-GIP dose-dependently reduced osteoclast formation at concentration as low as 1nM in human PBMC and 10nM in murine BMM cultures. Furthermore, [d-Ala(2)]-GIP also reduced the extent of osteoclast resorption at concentration as low as 1nM in human PBMC and murine BMM cultures. The mechanism of action of [d-Ala(2)]-GIP appeared to be mediated by reduction in intracellular calcium concentration and oscillation that subsequently inhibited calcineurin activity and NFATc1 nuclear translocation. The potency of the highly potent N-AcGIP was determined and highlighted an effect on osteoclast formation and resorption at concentration ten times lower than observed with [d-Ala(2)]-GIP in vitro. Furthermore, N-AcGIP was also capable of reducing the number of osteoclast in ovariectomized mice as well as the circulating level of type I collagen C-telopeptide. Pharmacological concentrations required for reducing osteoclast formation and resorption provide the impetus to design and exploit enzymatically stable GIP analogues for the treatment of bone resorption disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mabilleau
- GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux - LHEA, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, University of Angers, 49933 ANGERS Cedex, France; SCIAM, Service Commun d'Imagerie et Analyses Microscopiques, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, University of Angers, 49933 ANGERS Cedex, France.
| | - Rodolphe Perrot
- SCIAM, Service Commun d'Imagerie et Analyses Microscopiques, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, University of Angers, 49933 ANGERS Cedex, France
| | - Aleksandra Mieczkowska
- GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux - LHEA, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, University of Angers, 49933 ANGERS Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Boni
- Lentivec, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, University of Angers, 49933 ANGERS Cedex, France
| | - Peter R Flatt
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Diabetes Research Group, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, BT52 1SA Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Irwin
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Diabetes Research Group, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, BT52 1SA Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Chappard
- GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux - LHEA, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, University of Angers, 49933 ANGERS Cedex, France; SCIAM, Service Commun d'Imagerie et Analyses Microscopiques, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, University of Angers, 49933 ANGERS Cedex, France
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27
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Mabilleau G, Perrot R, Flatt PR, Irwin N, Chappard D. High fat-fed diabetic mice present with profound alterations of the osteocyte network. Bone 2016; 90:99-106. [PMID: 27312542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is considered to be an independent risk factor for bone fragility fractures. Reductions in bone mass, observed only with type 1 diabetes mellitus, as well as modifications of bone microarchitectures and tissue material properties are landmarks of diabetes-related bone alterations. An interesting feature observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the augmented concentration in circulating sclerostin. This observation prompts us to hypothesize that modifications of osteocyte network and perilacunar mineralization occur in T2DM. As such, the aims of the present study were to ascertain by quantitative backscattered electron imaging, confocal microscopy and image analysis, modifications of perilacunar tissue mineral density, osteocyte morphology and osteocyte network topology in a mouse model of high fat-induced type 2 diabetes. As compared with lean control animals, diabetic mice exhibited a significant 48% decrease in perilacunar mineralization heterogeneity although mean perilacunar mineralization was unchanged. Furthermore, in diabetic animals, osteocyte volume was significantly augmented by 34% with no change in the overall number of dendrite processes. Finally, the network topology was profoundly modified in diabetic mice with increases in the mean node degree, mean node volume and hub numbers whilst the mean link length was reduced. Overall, it appeared that in diabetic animals, the dendritic network exhibited features of a scale-free network as opposed to the single-scale characteristic observed in lean controls. However, it is important to ascertain whether diabetic patients exhibit such modifications of the osteocyte network and whether anti-diabetic drugs could restore normal osteocyte and network parameters, thereby improving bone quality and protecting against fragility fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mabilleau
- GEROM-LHEA, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Angers, Université d'Angers, CHU d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France; SCIAM, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Université d'Angers, CHU d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France.
| | - Rodolphe Perrot
- SCIAM, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Université d'Angers, CHU d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Peter R Flatt
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Diabetes Research group, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, BT52 1SA, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Irwin
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Diabetes Research group, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, BT52 1SA, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Chappard
- GEROM-LHEA, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Angers, Université d'Angers, CHU d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France; SCIAM, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Université d'Angers, CHU d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France
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28
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Mansur SA, Mieczkowska A, Flatt PR, Bouvard B, Chappard D, Irwin N, Mabilleau G. A new stable GIP-Oxyntomodulin hybrid peptide improved bone strength both at the organ and tissue levels in genetically-inherited type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bone 2016; 87:102-13. [PMID: 27062994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) progress worldwide with detrimental effects on several physiological systems including bone tissue mainly by affecting bone quality. Several gut hormones analogues have been proven potent in ameliorating bone quality. In the present study, we used the leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice as a model of obesity and severe T2DM to assess the extent of bone quality alterations at the organ and tissue levels. We also examined the beneficial effects of gut hormone therapy in this model by using a new triple agonist ([d-Ala(2)]GIP-Oxm) active at the GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. As expected, db/db mice presented with dramatic alterations of bone strength at the organ level associated with deterioration of trabecular and cortical microarchitectures and an augmentation in osteoclast numbers. At the tissue level, these animals presented also with alterations of bone strength (reduced hardness, indentation modulus and dissipated energy) with modifications of tissue mineral distribution, collagen glycation and collagen maturity. The use of [d-Ala(2)]GIP-Oxm considerably improved bone strength at the organ level with modest effects on trabecular microarchitecture. At the tissue level, [d-Ala(2)]GIP-Oxm ameliorated bone strength reductions with positive effects on collagen glycation and collagen maturity. This study provides support for including gut hormone analogues as possible new therapeutic strategies for improving bone quality in bone complications associated to T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sity Aishah Mansur
- Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandra Mieczkowska
- GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux - LHEA, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, LUNAM Université, 49933 ANGERS Cedex, France
| | - Peter R Flatt
- Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Beatrice Bouvard
- GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux - LHEA, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, LUNAM Université, 49933 ANGERS Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Chappard
- GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux - LHEA, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, LUNAM Université, 49933 ANGERS Cedex, France; SCIAM, Service Commun d'Imagerie et Analyses Microscopiques, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, LUNAM Université, 49933 ANGERS Cedex, France
| | - Nigel Irwin
- Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Guillaume Mabilleau
- GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux - LHEA, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, LUNAM Université, 49933 ANGERS Cedex, France; SCIAM, Service Commun d'Imagerie et Analyses Microscopiques, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, LUNAM Université, 49933 ANGERS Cedex, France.
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29
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Omar B, Ahlkvist L, Yamada Y, Seino Y, Ahrén B. Incretin hormone receptors are required for normal beta cell development and function in female mice. Peptides 2016; 79:58-65. [PMID: 27020250 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incretin hormones, glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), potentiate insulin secretion and are responsible for the majority of insulin secretion that occurs after a meal. They may also, however, have a fundamental role in pancreatic beta cell development and function, independently of their role in potentiating insulin secretion after a meal. This has led to observations that a loss of GIP or GLP-1 action affects normal beta cell function, however each one of the incretin hormones may compensate when the action of the other is lost and therefore the overall impact of the incretin hormones on beta cell function is not known. We therefore utilized a mouse line deficient in both the GLP-1 and GIP receptor genes, the double incretin receptor knockout (DIRKO), to determine the consequences of a lifelong, complete lack of incretin hormone action on beta cell function, in vivo, in intact animals. We found that DIRKO mice displayed impaired glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in response to both oral glucose and mixed meal tolerance tests compared to wild-type mice. Assessment of beta cell function using the hyperglycemic clamp technique revealed an 80% decrease in first phase insulin response in DIRKO mice, but a normal second phase insulin secretion. A similar decline was seen when wild-type mice were given acute intravenous injection of glucose together with the GLP-1 receptor antagonist Ex9-39. Ex vivo assessments of the pancreas revealed significantly fewer islets in the pancreata of DIRKO mice despite no differences in total pancreatic mass. Insulin secretion from isolated islets of DIRKO mice was impaired to a similar extent to that seen during the hyperglycemic clamp. Insulin secretion in wild-type islets was impaired by acute treatment with Ex9-39 to a similar extent as the in vivo intravenous glucose tolerance tests. In conclusion, a loss of the action of both incretin hormones results in direct impairment of beta cell function both in vivo and in vitro in a process that appears to be independent of the intestinally secreted incretin hormones. We therefore conclude that the incretin hormones together significantly impact both beta-cell function and beta-cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Omar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, 22184 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Linda Ahlkvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yuchiro Yamada
- Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Yutaka Seino
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kensai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan
| | - Bo Ahrén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, 22184 Lund, Sweden
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30
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Feng Y, Su L, Zhong X, Guohong W, Xiao H, Li Y, Xiu L. Exendin-4 promotes proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts by MAPKs activation. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 56:189-99. [PMID: 26647389 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) and its receptor agonist have been previously reported to play a positive role in bone metabolism in aged ovariectomized rats and insulin-resistant models. However, whether GLP1 has a direct effect on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts or any cellular mechanism for this potential role is unknown. We examined the effects of the GLP1 receptor agonist exendin-4 on the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. GLP1 receptor was detected in MC3T3-E1 cells by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot assay. Cell proliferation was assessed using MTT assay, revealing that exendin-4 increased cell proliferation at effective concentrations between 10(-10) and 10(-5) M. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that exendin-4 increased the mRNA expression of the differentiation markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen-1 (COL1), osteocalcin (OC), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) under osteogenic conditions. Alizarin red staining confirmed that 10(-7) M exendin-4 increased osteoblast mineralization by 18.7%. Exendin-4 upregulated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK, with the peak effect at 1.5 h in the Western blot analysis. The use of selective MAPK inhibitors, namely PD98059, SB203580, and SP600125, blocked the effects of exendin-4 on kinase activation (ERK1/2, p38, and JNK), as well as cell proliferation and differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells. These findings demonstrate that exendin-4 promotes both the proliferation and differentiation of preosteoblasts MC3T3-E1 via activation of the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Feng
- Department of EndocrinologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Su
- Department of GeriatricsFirst Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhong
- Department of EndocrinologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Guohong
- Department of EndocrinologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of EndocrinologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of EndocrinologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Xiu
- Department of EndocrinologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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31
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Pereira M, Jeyabalan J, Jørgensen CS, Hopkinson M, Al-Jazzar A, Roux JP, Chavassieux P, Orriss IR, Cleasby ME, Chenu C. Chronic administration of Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists improves trabecular bone mass and architecture in ovariectomised mice. Bone 2015; 81:459-467. [PMID: 26314515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Some anti-diabetic therapies can have adverse effects on bone health and increase fracture risk. In this study, we tested the skeletal effects of chronic administration of two Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), increasingly used for type 2 diabetes treatment, in a model of osteoporosis associated bone loss and examined the expression and activation of GLP-1R in bone cells. Mice were ovariectomised (OVX) to induce bone loss and four weeks later they were treated with Liraglutide (LIR) 0.3mg/kg/day, Exenatide (Ex-4) 10 μg/kg/day or saline for four weeks. Mice were injected with calcein and alizarin red prior to euthanasia, to label bone-mineralising surfaces. Tibial micro-architecture was determined by micro-CT and bone formation and resorption parameters measured by histomorphometric analysis. Serum was collected to measure calcitonin and sclerostin levels, inhibitors of bone resorption and formation, respectively. GLP-1R mRNA and protein expression were evaluated in the bone, bone marrow and bone cells using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Primary osteoclasts and osteoblasts were cultured to evaluate the effect of GLP-1RA on bone resorption and formation in vitro. GLP-1RA significantly increased trabecular bone mass, connectivity and structure parameters but had no effect on cortical bone. There was no effect of GLP-1RA on bone formation in vivo but an increase in osteoclast number and osteoclast surfaces was observed with Ex-4. GLP-1R was expressed in bone marrow cells, primary osteoclasts and osteoblasts and in late osteocytic cell line. Both Ex-4 and LIR stimulated osteoclastic differentiation in vitro but slightly reduced the area resorbed per osteoclast. They had no effect on bone nodule formation in vitro. Serum calcitonin levels were increased and sclerostin levels decreased by Ex-4 but not by LIR. Thus, GLP-1RA can have beneficial effects on bone and the expression of GLP-1R in bone cells may imply that these effects are exerted directly on the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pereira
- Department of Comparative and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - J Jeyabalan
- Department of Comparative and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - C S Jørgensen
- Department of Comparative and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - M Hopkinson
- Department of Comparative and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - A Al-Jazzar
- Department of Comparative and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - J P Roux
- INSERM UMR1033 and Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - I R Orriss
- Department of Comparative and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - M E Cleasby
- Department of Comparative and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - C Chenu
- Department of Comparative and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
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Mansur SA, Mieczkowska A, Bouvard B, Flatt PR, Chappard D, Irwin N, Mabilleau G. Stable Incretin Mimetics Counter Rapid Deterioration of Bone Quality in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:3009-18. [PMID: 26016732 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with a high risk for bone fractures. Although bone mass is reduced, bone quality is also dramatically altered in this disorder. However, recent evidences suggest a beneficial effect of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) pathways on bone quality. The aims of the present study were to conduct a comprehensive investigation of bone strength at the organ and tissue level; and to ascertain whether enzyme resistant GIP or GLP-1 mimetic could be beneficial in preventing bone fragility in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Streptozotocin-treated mice were used as a model of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Control and streptozotocin-diabetic animals were treated for 21 days with an enzymatic-resistant GIP peptide ([D-Ala(2) ]GIP) or with liraglutide (each at 25 nmol/kg bw, ip). Bone quality was assessed at the organ and tissue level by microCT, qXRI, 3-point bending, qBEI, nanoindentation, and Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy. [D-Ala2]GIP and liraglutide treatment did prevent loss of whole bone strength and cortical microstructure in the STZ-injected mice. However, tissue material properties were significantly improved in STZ-injected animals following treatment with [D-Ala2]GIP or liraglutide. Treatment of STZ-diabetic mice with [D-Ala(2) ]GIP or liraglutide was capable of significantly preventing deterioration of the quality of the bone matrix. Further studies are required to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved and to validate whether these findings can be translated to human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sity Aishah Mansur
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom.,University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | | | - Béatrice Bouvard
- GEROM-LHEA, Institut de Biologie en Santé, LUNAM Université, Angers, France
| | - Peter R Flatt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Chappard
- GEROM-LHEA, Institut de Biologie en Santé, LUNAM Université, Angers, France.,SCIAM, Institut de Biologie en Santé, LUNAM Université, Angers, France
| | - Nigel Irwin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Mabilleau
- GEROM-LHEA, Institut de Biologie en Santé, LUNAM Université, Angers, France.,SCIAM, Institut de Biologie en Santé, LUNAM Université, Angers, France
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Irwin N, Flatt PR. New perspectives on exploitation of incretin peptides for the treatment of diabetes and related disorders. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:1285-1295. [PMID: 26557956 PMCID: PMC4635139 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i15.1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The applicability of stable gut hormones for the treatment of obesity-related diabetes is now undisputable. This is based predominantly on prominent and sustained glucose-lowering actions, plus evidence that these peptides can augment insulin secretion and pancreatic islet function over time. This review highlights the therapeutic potential of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), oxyntomodulin (OXM) and cholecystokinin (CCK) for obesity-related diabetes. Stable GLP-1 mimetics have already been successfully adopted into the diabetic clinic, whereas GIP, CCK and OXM molecules offer promise as potential new classes of antidiabetic drugs. Moreover, recent studies have shown improved therapeutic effects following simultaneous modulation of multiple receptor signalling pathways by combination therapy or use of dual/triple agonist peptides. However, timing and composition of injections may be important to permit interludes of beta-cell rest. The review also addresses the possible perils of incretin based drugs for treatment of prediabetes. Finally, the unanticipated utility of stable gut peptides as effective treatments for complications of diabetes, bone disorders, cognitive impairment and cardiovascular dysfunction is considered.
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Lu N, Sun H, Yu J, Wang X, Liu D, Zhao L, Sun L, Zhao H, Tao B, Liu J. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist Liraglutide has anabolic bone effects in ovariectomized rats without diabetes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132744. [PMID: 26177280 PMCID: PMC4503456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a number of studies have demonstrated the potential beneficial role for novel anti-diabetic GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in the skeleton metabolism in diabetic rodents and patients. In this study, we evaluated the impacts of the synthetic GLP-1RA Liraglutide on bone mass and quality in osteoporotic rats induced by ovariectomy (OVX) but without diabetes, as well as its effect on the adipogenic and osteoblastogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Three months after sham surgery or bilateral OVX, eighteen 5-month old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups to receive the following treatments for 2 months: (1) Sham + normal saline; (2) OVX + normal saline; and (3) OVX + Liraglutide (0.6 mg/day). As revealed by micro-CT analysis, Liraglutide improved trabecular volume, thickness and number, increased BMD, and reduced trabecular spacing in the femurs in OVX rats; similar results were observed in the lumbar vertebrae of OVX rats treated with Liraglutide. Following in vitro treatment of rat and human BMSCs with 10 nM Liraglutide, there was a significant increase in the mRNA expression of osteoblast-specific transcriptional factor Runx2 and the osteoblast markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and collagen α1 (Col-1), but a significant decrease in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). In conclusion, our results indicate that the anti-diabetic drug Liraglutide can exert a bone protective effect even in non-diabetic osteoporotic OVX rats. This protective effect is likely attributable to the impact of Liraglutide on the lineage fate determination of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hanxiao Sun
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - JingJia Yu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lihao Sun
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bei Tao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- * E-mail: (BT); (JML)
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- * E-mail: (BT); (JML)
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