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Fuller RN, Morcos A, Bustillos JG, Molina DC, Wall NR. Small non-coding RNAs and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Linking diagnosis, pathogenesis, drug resistance, and therapeutic potential. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189153. [PMID: 38986720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
This review comprehensively investigates the intricate interplay between small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a devastating malignancy with limited therapeutic options. Our analysis reveals the pivotal roles of sncRNAs in various facets of PDAC biology, spanning diagnosis, pathogenesis, drug resistance, and therapeutic strategies. sncRNAs have emerged as promising biomarkers for PDAC, demonstrating distinct expression profiles in diseased tissues. sncRNA differential expression patterns, often detectable in bodily fluids, hold potential for early and minimally invasive diagnostic approaches. Furthermore, sncRNAs exhibit intricate involvement in PDAC pathogenesis, regulating critical cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. Additionally, mechanistic insights into sncRNA-mediated pathogenic pathways illuminate novel therapeutic targets and interventions. A significant focus of this review is dedicated to unraveling sncRNA mechanisms underlying drug resistance in PDAC. Understanding these mechanisms at the molecular level is imperative for devising strategies to overcome drug resistance. Exploring the therapeutic landscape, we discuss the potential of sncRNAs as therapeutic agents themselves as their ability to modulate gene expression with high specificity renders them attractive candidates for targeted therapy. In summary, this review integrates current knowledge on sncRNAs in PDAC, offering a holistic perspective on their diagnostic, pathogenic, and therapeutic relevance. By elucidating the roles of sncRNAs in PDAC biology, this review provides valuable insights for the development of novel diagnostic tools and targeted therapeutic approaches, crucial for improving the prognosis of PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan N Fuller
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Biochemistry, Center for Health Disparity and Mol. Med., Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; Department of Radiation Medicine, James M. Slater, MD Proton Treatment and Research Center, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Ann Morcos
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Biochemistry, Center for Health Disparity and Mol. Med., Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; Department of Radiation Medicine, James M. Slater, MD Proton Treatment and Research Center, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Joab Galvan Bustillos
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Biochemistry, Center for Health Disparity and Mol. Med., Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - David Caba Molina
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Nathan R Wall
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Biochemistry, Center for Health Disparity and Mol. Med., Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; Department of Radiation Medicine, James M. Slater, MD Proton Treatment and Research Center, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
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2
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Reshkin SJ, Cardone RA, Koltai T. Genetic Signature of Human Pancreatic Cancer and Personalized Targeting. Cells 2024; 13:602. [PMID: 38607041 PMCID: PMC11011857 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease with a 5-year survival rate of around 11-12%. Surgery, being the treatment of choice, is only possible in 20% of symptomatic patients. The main reason is that when it becomes symptomatic, IT IS the tumor is usually locally advanced and/or has metastasized to distant organs; thus, early diagnosis is infrequent. The lack of specific early symptoms is an important cause of late diagnosis. Unfortunately, diagnostic tumor markers become positive at a late stage, and there is a lack of early-stage markers. Surgical and non-surgical cases are treated with neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy, and the results are usually poor. However, personalized targeted therapy directed against tumor drivers may improve this situation. Until recently, many pancreatic tumor driver genes/proteins were considered untargetable. Chemical and physical characteristics of mutated KRAS are a formidable challenge to overcome. This situation is slowly changing. For the first time, there are candidate drugs that can target the main driver gene of pancreatic cancer: KRAS. Indeed, KRAS inhibition has been clinically achieved in lung cancer and, at the pre-clinical level, in pancreatic cancer as well. This will probably change the very poor outlook for this disease. This paper reviews the genetic characteristics of sporadic and hereditary predisposition to pancreatic cancer and the possibilities of a personalized treatment according to the genetic signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan J. Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Tomas Koltai
- Oncomed, Via Pier Capponi 6, 50132 Florence, Italy
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3
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Sassano M, Collatuzzo G, Teglia F, Boffetta P. Occupational exposure to diesel exhausts and liver and pancreatic cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol 2024; 39:241-255. [PMID: 38289519 PMCID: PMC10995068 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-024-01099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diesel exhaust (DE) is human carcinogen with sufficient evidence only for lung cancer. Systematic evidence on other cancer types is scarce, thus we aimed to systematically review current literature on the association between occupational DE exposure and risk of liver and pancreatic cancers. METHODS We performed a systematic literature review to identify cohort studies on occupational DE exposure and risk of cancers other than lung. We computed pooled relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for liver and pancreatic cancers using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. RESULTS Fifteen studies reporting results on pancreatic cancer and fourteen on liver cancer were included. We found a weakly increased risk of pancreatic cancer in workers exposed to DE (RR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.14), mainly driven by results on incidence (RR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.22). As for liver cancer, results were suggestive of a positive association (RR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.19), although a significant estimate was present in studies published before 2000 (RR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.82). We found no compelling evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest an association between occupational DE exposure and liver and pancreatic cancer. Further studies with detailed exposure assessment, environmental monitoring data, and appropriate control for confounders are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Sassano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Collatuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Teglia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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4
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Gentiluomo M, Dixon-Suen SC, Farinella R, Peduzzi G, Canzian F, Milne RL, Lynch BM, Campa D. Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Pancreatic Cancer Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae017. [PMID: 38425433 PMCID: PMC10904288 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is currently the seventh leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Understanding whether modifiable factors increase or decrease the risk of this disease is central to facilitating primary prevention. Several epidemiological studies have described the benefits of physical activity, and the risks associated with sedentary behavior, in relation to cancer. This study aimed to assess evidence of causal effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on pancreatic cancer risk. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization study using publicly available data for genetic variants associated with physical activity and sedentary behavior traits and genetic data from the Pancreatic Cancer Cohort Consortium (PanScan), the Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium (PanC4), and the FinnGen study for a total of 10 018 pancreatic cancer cases and 266 638 controls. We also investigated the role of body mass index (BMI) as a possible mediator between physical activity and sedentary traits and risk of developing pancreatic cancer. We found evidence of a causal association between genetically determined hours spent watching television (hours per day) and increased risk of pancreatic cancer for each hour increment (PanScan-PanC4 odds ratio = 1.52, 95% confidence interval 1.17-1.98, P = .002). Additionally, mediation analysis showed that genetically determined television-watching time was strongly associated with BMI, and the estimated proportion of the effect of television-watching time on pancreatic cancer risk mediated by BMI was 54%. This study reports the first Mendelian randomization-based evidence of a causal association between a measure of sedentary behavior (television-watching time) and risk of pancreatic cancer and that this is strongly mediated by BMI. Summary: Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease that is predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths by 2030. Physical activity and sedentary behaviors have been linked to cancer risk and survival. However, there is limited research on their correlation with pancreatic cancer. To investigate this, we used a Mendelian randomization approach to examine the genetic predisposition to physical activity and sedentariness and their relation to pancreatic cancer risk, while excluding external confounders. Our findings revealed a causal link between the time spent watching television and an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Additionally, we determined that over half of the effect of watching television on pancreatic risk is mediated by the individual's BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gentiluomo
- Unit of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy 56126
| | - Suzanne C Dixon-Suen
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Riccardo Farinella
- Unit of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy 56126
| | - Giulia Peduzzi
- Unit of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy 56126
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany 69120
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia 3168
| | - Brigid M Lynch
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3004
| | - Daniele Campa
- Unit of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy 56126
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Ashrafizadeh M, Luo K, Zhang W, Reza Aref A, Zhang X. Acquired and intrinsic gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer therapy: Environmental factors, molecular profile and drug/nanotherapeutic approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117443. [PMID: 37863168 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
A high number of cancer patients around the world rely on gemcitabine (GEM) for chemotherapy. During local metastasis of cancers, surgery is beneficial for therapy, but dissemination in distant organs leads to using chemotherapy alone or in combination with surgery to prevent cancer recurrence. Therapy failure can be observed as a result of GEM resistance, threatening life of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients. The mortality and morbidity of PC in contrast to other tumors are increasing. GEM chemotherapy is widely utilized for PC suppression, but resistance has encountered its therapeutic impacts. The purpose of current review is to bring a broad concept about role of biological mechanisms and pathways in the development of GEM resistance in PC and then, therapeutic strategies based on using drugs or nanostructures for overcoming chemoresistance. Dysregulation of the epigenetic factors especially non-coding RNA transcripts can cause development of GEM resistance in PC and miRNA transfection or using genetic tools such as siRNA for modulating expression level of these factors for changing GEM resistance are suggested. The overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins and survival genes can contribute to GEM resistance in PC. Moreover, supportive autophagy inhibits apoptosis and stimulates GEM resistance in PC cells. Increase in metabolism, glycolysis induction and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) stimulation are considered as other factors participating in GEM resistance in PC. Drugs can suppress tumorigenesis in PC and inhibit survival factors and pathways in increasing GEM sensitivity in PC. More importantly, nanoparticles can increase pharmacokinetic profile of GEM and promote its blood circulation and accumulation in cancer site. Nanoparticles mediate delivery of GEM with genes and drugs to suppress tumorigenesis in PC and increase drug sensitivity. The basic research displays significant connection among dysregulated pathways and GEM resistance, but the lack of clinical application is a drawback that can be responded in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; International Association for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Kuo Luo
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Hyheia Hospital, Chongqing, 4001331, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xianbin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
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Yilmaz H, Mercantepe F, Tumkaya L, Mercantepe T, Yilmaz A, Yilmaz Rakici S. The potential antioxidant effect of N-acetylcysteine on X-ray ionizing radiation-induced pancreas islet cell toxicity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 685:149154. [PMID: 37913693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous research has highlighted the impact of X-ray irradiation-induced organ damage, on cancer patients after radiation therapy. The ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress causes injury to the pancreatic islet cells of Langerhans. We used histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analyses to examine α- and β-cells in the islets of Langerhans in rats undergoing whole-body x-ray ionizing radiation, a group of which was treated with NAC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, one control, and two experimental groups. Group I (Control) was administered only saline solution (0.09% NaCl) by oral gavage for 7 days. Group II (IR) was administrated whole body single dose 6 Gray ionizing radiation (IR) and saline solution (0.09% NaCl) by oral gavage for 7 days. Group III (IR + NAC) was administered 300 mg/kg NAC (N-acetylcysteine) by oral gavage for 7 days, 5 days before, and 2 days after 6 Gray IR application. RESULTS In the X-ray irradiation group, we observed diffuse necrotic endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans. In addition, we found that Caspase-3, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased, and insulin, glucagon, and glutathione (GSH) levels decreased in the IR group compared to the control group. In contrast, we observed a decrease in Caspase-3, and MDA levels in necrotic endocrine cells, and an increase in insulin, glucagon, and GSH levels in the IR + NAC group compared to the IR group. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence for the beneficial effects of N-acetyl cysteine on islets of Langerhans cells with X-ray ionizing-radiation-induced damage in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamit Yilmaz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey.
| | - Filiz Mercantepe
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Levent Tumkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Tolga Mercantepe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Adnan Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Sema Yilmaz Rakici
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey
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7
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Piccardi M, Gentiluomo M, Bertoncini S, Pezzilli R, Erőss B, Bunduc S, Uzunoglu FG, Talar-Wojnarowska R, Vanagas T, Sperti C, Oliverius M, Aoki MN, Ermini S, Hussein T, Boggi U, Jamroziak K, Maiello E, Morelli L, Vodickova L, Di Franco G, Landi S, Szentesi A, Lovecek M, Puzzono M, Tavano F, van Laarhoven HWM, Zerbi A, Mohelnikova-Duchonova B, Stocker H, Costello E, Capurso G, Ginocchi L, Lawlor RT, Vanella G, Bazzocchi F, Izbicki JR, Latiano A, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Ponz de Leon Pisani R, Schöttker B, Soucek P, Hegyi P, Gazouli M, Hackert T, Kupcinskas J, Poskiene L, Tacelli M, Roth S, Carrara S, Perri F, Hlavac V, Theodoropoulos GE, Busch OR, Mambrini A, van Eijck CHJ, Arcidiacono P, Scarpa A, Pasquali C, Basso D, Lucchesi M, Milanetto AC, Neoptolemos JP, Cavestro GM, Janciauskas D, Chen X, Chammas R, Goetz M, Brenner H, Archibugi L, Dannemann M, Canzian F, Tofanelli S, Campa D. Exploring the Neandertal legacy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma risk in Eurasians. Biol Res 2023; 56:46. [PMID: 37574541 PMCID: PMC10424372 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00457-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genomes of present-day non-Africans are composed of 1-3% of Neandertal-derived DNA as a consequence of admixture events between Neandertals and anatomically modern humans about 50-60 thousand years ago. Neandertal-introgressed single nucleotide polymorphisms (aSNPs) have been associated with modern human disease-related traits, which are risk factors for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and inflammation. In this study, we aimed at investigating the role of aSNPs in PDAC in three Eurasian populations. RESULTS The high-coverage Vindija Neandertal genome was used to select aSNPs in non-African populations from 1000 Genomes project phase 3 data. Then, the association between aSNPs and PDAC risk was tested independently in Europeans and East Asians, using existing GWAS data on more than 200 000 individuals. We did not find any significant associations between aSNPs and PDAC in samples of European descent, whereas, in East Asians, we observed that the Chr10p12.1-rs117585753-T allele (MAF = 10%) increased the risk to develop PDAC (OR = 1.35, 95%CI 1.19-1.54, P = 3.59 × 10-6), with a P-value close to a threshold that takes into account multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS Our results show only a minimal contribution of Neandertal SNPs to PDAC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Piccardi
- Department of Biology, Unit of Genetics, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Manuel Gentiluomo
- Department of Biology, Unit of Genetics, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Bertoncini
- Department of Biology, Unit of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Bálint Erőss
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Stefania Bunduc
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Division of Pancreatic Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Faik G Uzunoglu
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Tomas Vanagas
- Department of Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Cosimo Sperti
- Department DISCOG, Chirurgia Generale 1, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Martin Oliverius
- Department of Surgery, Third Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mateus Nóbrega Aoki
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Stefano Ermini
- Blood Transfusion Service, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Meyer, Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Tamás Hussein
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ugo Boggi
- Division of General and Transplantation Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Krzysztof Jamroziak
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Evaristo Maiello
- Department of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luca Morelli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, General Surgery Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gregorio Di Franco
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, General Surgery Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Landi
- Department of Biology, Unit of Genetics, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Szentesi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Martin Lovecek
- Department of Surgery I, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Puzzono
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Tavano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Hanneke W M van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Zerbi
- Pancreatic Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Hannah Stocker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Network Aging Research (NAR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eithne Costello
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gabriele Capurso
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, S Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endoscopic Ultrasound, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Ginocchi
- Oncological Department, Oncology of Massa Carrara, ASL Toscana Nord Ovest, Massa Carrara, Italy
| | - Rita T Lawlor
- ARC-NET Research Centre and Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vanella
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, S Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endoscopic Ultrasound, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Bazzocchi
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Latiano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ruggero Ponz de Leon Pisani
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endoscopic Ultrasound, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Network Aging Research (NAR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavel Soucek
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Division of Pancreatic Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lina Poskiene
- Department of Pathology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Matteo Tacelli
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endoscopic Ultrasound, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanne Roth
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silvia Carrara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endoscopic Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Perri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Viktor Hlavac
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - George E Theodoropoulos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Olivier R Busch
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Mambrini
- Oncological Department, Oncology of Massa Carrara, ASL Toscana Nord Ovest, Massa Carrara, Italy
| | - Casper H J van Eijck
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paolo Arcidiacono
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endoscopic Ultrasound, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-NET Research Centre and Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Pasquali
- Department DISCOG, Chirurgia Generale 3, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Daniela Basso
- Department DIMED, Laboratory Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Maurizio Lucchesi
- Oncological Department, Oncology of Massa Carrara, ASL Toscana Nord Ovest, Massa Carrara, Italy
| | | | - John P Neoptolemos
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giulia Martina Cavestro
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Dainius Janciauskas
- Department of Pathology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Xuechen Chen
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roger Chammas
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Institute of Cancer of São Paulo (ICESP) São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mara Goetz
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Livia Archibugi
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, S Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endoscopic Ultrasound, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Dannemann
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergio Tofanelli
- Department of Biology, Unit of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Campa
- Department of Biology, Unit of Genetics, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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8
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Ghauri MS, Juste J, Shabbir T, Berry N, Reddy AJ, Farkoufar N, Masood S. Exploring the Surgical Outcomes of Pancreatic Cancer Resections Performed in Low- Versus High-Volume Centers. Cureus 2023; 15:e37112. [PMID: 37168146 PMCID: PMC10166277 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pancreatic cancer resections comprise a class of complex surgical operations with a high postoperative morbidity rate. Due to the complicated nature of pancreatic resection, individuals who undergo this procedure are advised to visit a high-volume medical center that performs such pancreatic surgeries frequently. However, this specialized treatment option may not be available for uninsured patients or patients with other socioeconomic limitations that may restrict their access to these facilities. To gain a better understanding of the impact of healthcare disparities on surgical outcomes, we aimed to explore if there were significant differences in mortality rate post-pancreatic resection between high- and low-volume hospitals within San Bernardino, Riverside, Los Angeles, and Orange Counties. Methods We utilized the California Health and Human Services Agency (CHHS) California Hospital Inpatient Mortality Rates and Quality Ratings public dataset to compare risk-adjusted mortality rates (RA-MR) of pancreatic cancer resections procedures. We focused on procedures performed in hospitals within San Bernardino, Riverside, Los Angeles, and Orange County from 2012 to 2015. To assess post-resection outcomes in relation to hospital volume, we utilized an independent T-test (significance level was set equal to 0.05) to determine if there is a statistically significant difference in RA-MR after pancreatic resection between high- and low-volume hospitals. Results During the 2012-2015 study period, 57 hospitals across San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, and Los Angeles Counties were identified to perform a total of 6,204 pancreatic resection procedures. The low-volume hospital group (N=2,539) was associated with a higher RA-MR of M=4.45 (SD=11.86). By comparison, the high-volume hospital group (N=3,665) was associated with a lower RA-MR of M=1.72 (SD=2.61). Conclusion Pancreatic resection surgeries performed at low-volume hospitals resulted in a significantly higher RA-MR compared to procedures done at high-volume hospitals in California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Ghauri
- Neurosurgery, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, USA
| | - Jonathan Juste
- School of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, USA
| | - Talha Shabbir
- School of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, USA
| | - Nicole Berry
- School of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, USA
| | - Akshay J Reddy
- School of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, USA
| | - Navid Farkoufar
- School of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, USA
| | - Shabana Masood
- Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, USA
- Medical Education, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, USA
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9
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Ruze R, Chen Y, Xu R, Song J, Yin X, Wang C, Xu Q. Obesity, diabetes mellitus, and pancreatic carcinogenesis: Correlations, prevention, and diagnostic implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188844. [PMID: 36464199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), and pancreatic cancer (PC) has been consistently increasing in the last two decades worldwide. Sharing various influential risk factors in genetics and environmental inducers in pathogenesis, the close correlations of these three diseases have been demonstrated in plenty of clinical studies using multiple parameters among different populations. On the contrary, most measures aimed to manage and treat obesity and DM effectively reduce the risk and prevent PC occurrence, yet certain drugs can inversely promote pancreatic carcinogenesis instead. Most importantly, an elevation of blood glucose with or without a reduction in body weight, along with other potential tools, may provide valuable clues for detecting PC at an early stage in patients with obesity and DM, favoring a timely intervention and prolonging survival. Herein, the epidemiological and etiological correlations among these three diseases and the supporting clinical evidence of their connections are first summarized to favor a better and more thorough understanding of obesity- and DM-related pancreatic carcinogenesis. After comparing the distinct impacts of different weight-lowering and anti-diabetic treatments on the risk of PC, the possible diagnostic implications of hyperglycemia and weight loss in PC screening are also addressed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rexiati Ruze
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dongdan Santiao, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dongdan Santiao, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dongdan Santiao, Beijing, China
| | - Jianlu Song
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dongdan Santiao, Beijing, China
| | - Xinpeng Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dongdan Santiao, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, China.
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, China.
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10
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Boonhat H, Lin RT, Lin JT. Association between residential exposure to petrochemical industrial complexes and pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:116-127. [PMID: 34930088 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.2007226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increased in the global demand-expansion of the petrochemical industry is a possible environmental risk factor pancreatic cancer among residents living close to petrochemical complexes. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled risk of pancreatic cancer among residents living near petrochemical industrial complexes. We systematically searched and reviewed published studies in six databases based on the inclusion criteria derived from the population, exposure, comparator, and outcomes framework (population: general population; exposure: residence near petrochemical industrial complexes/living in cities with petrochemical industrial complexes; comparators: residents living farther away from petrochemical industrial complexes/living in cities without petrochemical industrial complexes; outcome: pancreatic cancer). We identified seven studies, covering 1,605,568 residents. Pooled analysis showed a significantly higher risk of pancreatic cancer among residents living near petrochemical industrial complexes (relative risk [RR] = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.21-1.42) than those living farther away from petrochemical industrial complexes. Such effect was higher in female residents (RR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.18-1.53) than in male residents (RR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.12-1.41). This study suggests that exposure to petrochemical industry-related activities should be recognized as a risk factor for pancreatic cancer among residents living near petrochemical industrial complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hathaichon Boonhat
- Graduate Institute of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ro-Ting Lin
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Town Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Medicine Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung Taiwan
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11
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Pesticides and pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A transversal epidemiological, environmental and mechanistic narrative review. Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:1605-1613. [PMID: 36089524 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2022.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) incidence is rising worldwide, especially in France. The evolution of known risk factors such as tobacco smoking, obesity, type 2 diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, or constitutional mutations is not sufficient to explain this trend. Pesticides are known risk factors in other malignancies. Previous studies have outlined pesticides' influence in PA, such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane as plausible risk factors. The general population is directly or indirectly exposed to pesticides through air, food or water. Some of these chemicals may accumulate in the body all along lifetime and may harm carriers. The toxic mixing effects of these chemicals are not well documented. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain how pesticides can induce indirect (fatty pancreas, induced diabetes) or direct (oxidative stress, cell damage) carcinogenesis in pancreatic cells through inflammation. A strong corpus exists acknowledging pesticides as a PA risk factor. However, published studies do not provide a sufficient level of evidence to prove causality and current prospective case-control studies are still ongoing.
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12
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Zhu Z, Li W, Gong M, Wang L, Yue Y, Qian W, Zhou C, Duan W, Han L, Li L, Wu Z, Ma Q, Lin M, Wang S, Wang Z. Piezo1 act as a potential oncogene in pancreatic cancer progression. Life Sci 2022; 310:121035. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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George S, Jean-Baptiste W, Yusuf Ali A, Inyang B, Koshy FS, George K, Poudel P, Chalasani R, Goonathilake MR, Waqar S, Mohammed L. The Role of Type 2 Diabetes in Pancreatic Cancer. Cureus 2022; 14:e26288. [PMID: 35898377 PMCID: PMC9308974 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its potential complications, such as cancers, are increasing worldwide at an astounding rate. There are many factors such as obesity, diabetes, alcohol consumption, and the adoption of sedentary lifestyles that are driving pancreatic cancer (PC) to become one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the United States. PC is notorious for its generic symptoms and late-stage presentation with rapid metastasis. The connection between T2DM and the risk of PC development is multifaceted and complex. Some of the proposed theories reveal that chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and abnormalities in the insulin and insulin-like growth factor axis (IGF) contribute to the disease association between these two conditions. This literature review aims to highlight relevant studies and explore the molecular mechanisms involved in the etiology of diabetes and its impact on PC development, as well as the role of anti-diabetic agents on PC. Despite extensive studies, the exact interaction between T2DM and PC remains obscure and will need further investigation. According to current knowledge, there is a substantial link between diabetes, obesity, and dietary patterns in the development and progression of PC. Consequently, focusing our efforts on preventive measures by reducing modifiable risk factors remains the most effective strategy to reduce the risk of PC at this time. Antidiabetic drugs can have various effects on the occurrence and prognosis of PC with metformin offering a clear benefit of inhibiting PC and insulin increasing the risk of PC. The development of future novel therapies will require a deeper knowledge of the triggering mechanisms and interplay between these two disease states.
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14
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Kamendulis LM, Hocevar JM, Stephens M, Sandusky GE, Hocevar BA. Exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid leads to promotion of pancreatic cancer. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:469-478. [PMID: 35022659 PMCID: PMC9167031 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a persistent environmental pollutant, has been shown to induce pancreatic acinar cell tumors in rats. Human epidemiologic studies have linked PFOA exposure to adverse chronic health effects including several types of cancer. Previously, we demonstrated that PFOA induces oxidative stress and focal ductal hyperplasia in the mouse pancreas. Here, we evaluated whether PFOA promotes pancreatic cancer using the LSL-KRasG12D;Pdx-1 Cre (KC) mouse model of pancreatic cancer. KC mice were exposed to 5 ppm PFOA in drinking water starting at 8 weeks of age and analyzed at 6 and 9 months of age. At the 6-month time point, PFOA exposure increased pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) area by 58%, accompanied by a 2-fold increase in lesion number. Although PanIN area increased at 9 months, relative to 6 months, no treatment effect was observed. Collagen deposition was enhanced by PFOA at both the 6- and 9-month time points. PFOA also induced oxidative stress in the pancreas evidenced by elevated antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (Sod), catalase and thioredoxin reductase, and a ~3-fold increase in Sod1 mRNA and protein levels at 6 months. Although antioxidant activity was not enhanced by PFOA exposure at the 9-month time point, increased pancreatic oxidative damage was observed. Collectively, these results show that PFOA elicited temporal increases in PanIN lesion area and desmoplasia concomitant with the induction of oxidative stress, demonstrating that it functions to promote pancreatic cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Kamendulis
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jessica M Hocevar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Mikayla Stephens
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - George E Sandusky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Barbara A Hocevar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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15
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Lin RT, Chen PL, Yang CY, Yeh CC, Lin CC, Huang WH, Chung AK, Lin JT. Risk factors related to age at diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: a retrospective cohort pilot study. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:243. [PMID: 35568803 PMCID: PMC9107247 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased pancreatic cancer incidence has been observed among younger than in older adults. This pilot study aimed to determine the feasibility of a large study that would compare the age at diagnosis of pancreatic cancer among patients with different risk factors. METHODS We compared the age at diagnosis of pancreatic cancer between groups of pancreatic cancer patients exposed and not exposed to the identified risk factors. We estimated the age at which exposure started, average exposure quantity, and total years of exposure and investigated their relationships with age at diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. RESULTS Sixteen out of 24 (67%) subjects carried known genetic factors and/or had smoking and/or drinking habits; however, an earlier age of pancreatic cancer diagnosis was not observed. Conversely, we found a significant correlation between the age at which alcohol consumption was started and the age at diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (r = 0.8124, P = 0.0043). CONCLUSIONS Our pilot study suggested that a large study following this study design is feasible and that the following should be conducted in a large study: mediation analysis for disease-related factors, advanced genomic analysis for new candidate genes, and the correlation between age of first exposure to risk factors and pancreatic cancer onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ro-Ting Lin
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040 Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lung Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100226 Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100025 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Medicine Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404332 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Yeh
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404332 Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, 413505 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Medicine Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404332 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsin Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Medicine Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404332 Taiwan
| | - An-Ko Chung
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100025 Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Town Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, No. 1, Yida Rd., Yanchao Dist., Kaohsiung, 824005 Taiwan
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16
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Porta M, Gasull M, Pumarega J, Kiviranta H, Rantakokko P, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Bergdahl IA, Sandanger TM, Agudo A, Rylander C, Nøst TH, Donat-Vargas C, Aune D, Heath AK, Cirera L, Goñi-Irigoyen F, Alguacil J, Giménez-Robert À, Tjønneland A, Sund M, Overvad K, Mancini FR, Rebours V, Boutron-Ruault MC, Kaaks R, Schulze MB, Trichopoulou A, Palli D, Grioni S, Tumino R, Naccarati A, Panico S, Vermeulen R, Quirós JR, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Colorado-Yohar SM, Chirlaque MD, Ardanaz E, Wareham N, Key T, Johansson M, Murphy N, Ferrari P, Huybrechts I, Chajes V, Gonzalez CA, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Gunter M, Weiderpass E, Riboli E, Duell EJ, Katzke V, Vineis P. Plasma concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and pancreatic cancer risk. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 51:479-490. [PMID: 34259837 PMCID: PMC9082788 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Findings and limitations of previous studies on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and pancreatic cancer risk support conducting further research in prospective cohorts. METHODS We conducted a prospective case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Participants were 513 pancreatic cancer cases and 1020 matched controls. Concentrations of 22 POPs were measured in plasma collected at baseline. RESULTS Some associations were observed at higher concentrations of p, p'-DDT, trans-nonachlor, β-hexachlorocyclohexane and the sum of six organochlorine pesticides and of 16 POPs. The odds ratio (OR) for the upper quartile of trans-nonachlor was 1.55 (95% confidence interval 1.06-2.26; P for trend = 0.025). Associations were stronger in the groups predefined as most valid (participants having fasted >6 h, with microscopic diagnostic confirmation, normal weight, and never smokers), and as most relevant (follow-up ≥10 years). Among participants having fasted >6 h, the ORs were relevant for 10 of 11 exposures. Higher ORs were also observed among cases with microscopic confirmation than in cases with a clinical diagnosis, and among normal-weight participants than in the rest of participants. Among participants with a follow-up ≥10 years, estimates were higher than in participants with a shorter follow-up (for trans-nonachlor: OR = 2.14, 1.01 to 4.53, P for trend = 0.035). Overall, trans-nonachlor, three PCBs and the two sums of POPs were the exposures most clearly associated with pancreatic cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS Individually or in combination, most of the 22 POPs analysed did not or only moderately increased the risk of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Porta
- Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM PSMar), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Magda Gasull
- Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM PSMar), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Pumarega
- Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM PSMar), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Ingvar A Bergdahl
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Antoni Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charlotta Rylander
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Therese Haugdahl Nøst
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Carolina Donat-Vargas
- Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alicia K Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lluís Cirera
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB—Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Goñi-Irigoyen
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Health Department of Basque Government, Public Health Laboratory in Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain
- Health Research Institute Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Juan Alguacil
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Àlex Giménez-Robert
- Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM PSMar), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- CESP, Faculté de médecine (USVQ), Université Paris-Sud, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Inserm UMR1018, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Vinciane Rebours
- Pancreatology Department, Beaujon Hospital, AP-HP, Clichy, France
- Inserm UMR1149, DHU Unit, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- CESP, Faculté de médecine (USVQ), Université Paris-Sud, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Inserm UMR1018, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam, Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutrition Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | | | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network—ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, “Civic—M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, ASP Ragusa, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Sandra M Colorado-Yohar
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB—Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- National Faculty of Public Health, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - María-Dolores Chirlaque
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB—Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mattias Johansson
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Neil Murphy
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Veronique Chajes
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | | | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eric J Duell
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verena Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
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17
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Nickel's Role in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Potential Involvement of microRNAs. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10030148. [PMID: 35324773 PMCID: PMC8952337 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10030148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancer types with a limited overall survival rate due to the asymptomatic progression of symptoms in metastatic stages of the malignancy and the lack of an early reliable diagnostic biomarker. MicroRNAs (miRs/miRNAs) are small (~18–24 nucleotides), endogenous, non-coding RNAs, which are closely linked to the development of numerous malignancies comprising PDAC. Recent studies have described the role of environmental pollutants such as nickel (Ni) in PDAC, but the mechanisms of Ni-mediated toxicity in cancer are still not completely understood. Specifically, Ni has been found to alter the expression and function of miRs in several malignancies, leading to changes in target gene expression. In this study, we found that levels of Ni were significantly higher in cancerous tissue, thus implicating Ni in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Hence, in vitro studies followed by using both normal and pancreatic tumor cell lines and increasing Ni concentration increased lethality. Comparing LC50 values, Ni-acetate groups demonstrated lower values needed than in NiCl2 groups, suggesting greater Ni-acetate. Panc-10.05 cell line appeared the most sensitive to Ni compounds. Exposure to Ni-acetate resulted in an increased phospho-AKT, and decreased FOXO1 expression in Panc-10.05 cells, while NiCl2 also increased PTEN expression in Panc-10.05 cells. Specifically, following NiCl2 exposure to PDAC cells, the expression levels of miR-221 and miR-155 were significantly upregulated, while the expression levels of miR-126 were significantly decreased. Hence, our study has suggested pilot insights to indicate that the environmental pollutant Ni plays an important role in the progression of PDAC by promoting an association between miRs and Ni exposure during PDAC pathogenesis.
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18
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Nam SY, Jo J, Lee WK, Cho CM. The sex discrepancy effects of fruit and vegetable intake on pancreatic cancer risk; a large Korean cancer screening cohort study. Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:365-370. [PMID: 34429267 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several risk factors have been identified for the development of pancreatic cancer, the effects of fruit and vegetables on the disease remains controversial. METHODS Individuals without cancer at baseline, who underwent national health examinations during 2008, were enrolled and followed-up to 2017. Vegetable intake was measured by assessing the intake of daily vegetables (types). Fruit intake was also assessed on a weekly basis. We evaluated the risk of pancreatic cancer using adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS Of 3,605,959 individuals (44% men), pancreatic cancer occurred in 10,469 subjects (5,384 men) during the 9 year follow-up. In adjusted analyses, the daily intake of more than five vegetable types reduced pancreatic cancer compared to no vegetable intake (aHR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71-0.94). Using sex-specific analyses, vegetable intake markedly reduced pancreatic cancer in women (aHR = 0.84 for 1-2 vegetable types, 0.84 for 3-4 and 0.69 for ≥ 5), but no effects were observed in men. Sex-specific analyses revealed that fruit intake reduced pancreatic cancer in men (aHR = 0.87 for 3-4 servings/week, and 0.84 for ≥ 7), but no effects were observed in women. CONCLUSIONS High intakes of dietary vegetables and fruit reduce pancreatic cancer development in women and men, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Youn Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Junwoo Jo
- Department of Statistics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kee Lee
- Biostatistics, Medial Research Collaboration Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Min Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Center for Pancreatobiliary Tumors, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807 Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Yu J, Song H, Ekheden I, Löhr M, Ploner A, Ye W. Gastric Mucosal Abnormality and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Population-Based Gastric Biopsy Cohort Study in Sweden. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:2088-2095. [PMID: 34497088 PMCID: PMC9398138 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains open whether gastric precancerous lesions are associated with an elevated risk of pancreatic cancer. Our aim was to investigate the association between gastric mucosal status and pancreatic cancer risk. METHODS Patients with gastric biopsies [normal, minor changes, superficial gastritis, and atrophic gastritis/intestinal metaplasia/dysplasia (AG/IM/Dys)] from the Swedish histopathology registers during 1979 to 2011 were included. Cross-linkages with several nationwide registries allowed complete follow-up and identification of pancreatic cancer cases until 2014. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and HRs were estimated. RESULTS During 3,438,248 person-years of follow-up with 318,653 participants, 3,540 cases of pancreatic cancer were identified. The same pattern of excess risk of pancreatic cancer compared with the general population was observed across all groups: a peak of 12- to 21-fold excess risk in the first year after biopsy [e.g., normal: SIR = 17.4; 95% confidence interval (CI), 15.7-19.3; AG/IM/Dys: SIR = 11.5; 95% CI, 9.9-13.4], which dropped dramatically during the second and third years, followed by 20% to 30% increased risk after the third year (e.g., normal: SIR = 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.4; AG/IM/Dys: SIR = 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5). However, no significant excess risk was observed with the normal gastric mucosa as reference. CONCLUSIONS This unique, large pathologic cohort study did not find evidence that abnormal gastric mucosal status is causally associated with a long-term pancreatic cancer risk. However, a highly increased short-term risk was observed for people undergoing gastroscopy with biopsy sampling compared with the general population. IMPACT Further studies for a long-term risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with gastric biopsies are needed, with further adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Yu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Corresponding Authors: Jingru Yu, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, Stockholm 17177, Sweden. E-mail: ; and Weimin Ye, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, Stockholm 17177, Sweden. E-mail:
| | - Huan Song
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Isabella Ekheden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Löhr
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Upper Gastrointestinal Unit, Cancer Division, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Ploner
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics & Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Corresponding Authors: Jingru Yu, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, Stockholm 17177, Sweden. E-mail: ; and Weimin Ye, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, Stockholm 17177, Sweden. E-mail:
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20
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Bogumil D, Wu AH, Stram D, Yang J, Tseng CC, Le Marchand L, Wu J, Cheng I, Setiawan VW. The association between ambient air pollutants and pancreatic cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111608. [PMID: 34214566 PMCID: PMC8578294 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies examining the association between ambient air pollutants and pancreatic cancer have been conducted in racially/ethnically homogeneous samples and have produced mixed results, with some studies supporting evidence of an association with fine particulate matter. METHODS To further investigate these findings, we estimated exposure levels of particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) and oxides of nitrogen (NOX, and NO2) using kriging interpolation for 100,527 men and women from the Multiethnic Cohort Study, residing largely in Los Angeles County from 1993 through 2013. We measured the association between these air pollutants and incident pancreatic cancer using Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying pollutant measures, with adjustment for confounding factors. RESULTS A total of 821 incident pancreatic cancer and 1,660,488 person-years accumulated over the study period, with an average follow-up time of over 16 years. PM2.5 (per 10 μg/m3) was associated with incident pancreatic cancer (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.09, 2.37). This PM2.5 -association was strongest among Latinos (HR = 3.59; 95% CI, 1.60, 8.06) and ever smokers (HR = 1.76; 95% CI, 1.05, 2.94). There was no association for PM10 (HR = 1.12; 95% CI, 0.94, 1.32, per 10 μg/m3), NOx (HR = 1.14; 95% CI, 0.88, 1.48, per 50 ppb), or NO2 (HR = 1.14; 95% CI, 0.85, 1.54, per 20 ppb). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support prior research identifying an association between fine particulate matter, PM2.5, and pancreatic cancer. Although not statistically heterogeneous, this association was most notable among Latinos and smokers. Future studies are needed to replicate these results in an urban setting and in a racially/ethnically diverse population.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bogumil
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chiu-Chen Tseng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Veronica Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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21
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Michl P, Löhr M, Neoptolemos JP, Capurso G, Rebours V, Malats N, Ollivier M, Ricciardiello L. UEG position paper on pancreatic cancer. Bringing pancreatic cancer to the 21st century: Prevent, detect, and treat the disease earlier and better. United European Gastroenterol J 2021; 9:860-871. [PMID: 34431604 PMCID: PMC8435257 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the deadliest cancer worldwide with a 98% loss-of-life expectancy and a 30% increase in the disability-adjusted life years during the last decade in Europe. The disease cannot be effectively prevented nor being early detected. When diagnosed, 80% of patients have tumors that are in incurable stages, while for those who undergo surgery, 80% of patients will present with local or distant metastasis. Importantly, chemotherapies are far from being effective. OBJECTIVE Pancreatic cancer represents a great challenge and, at the same time, a huge opportunity for advancing our understanding on the basis of the disease, the molecular profiles, that would lead to develop tools for early detection and effective treatments, thus, boosting patient survival. RESULTS Research on pancreatic cancer has being receiving little or minimal funds from European funding bodies. UEG is calling for public-private partnerships that would effectively fund research on pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSION This would increase our understanding of this disease and better treatment, through pan-European efforts that take advantage of the strong academic European research landscape on pancreatic cancer, and the contribution by the industry of all sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Michl
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Medicine Halle (Saale)HalleGermany
| | - Matthias Löhr
- Department of CancerKarolinska University Hospital and Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | | | - Gabriele Capurso
- Pancreato‐Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography DivisionPancreas Translational and Clinical Research CenterIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Vinciane Rebours
- Pancreatology UnitBeaujon HospitalAPHPUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Nuria Malats
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)CIBERONCPancreatic Cancer Europe (PCE)MadridSpain
| | | | - Luigi Ricciardiello
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
- Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
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22
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Lu Y, Corradi C, Gentiluomo M, López de Maturana E, Theodoropoulos GE, Roth S, Maiello E, Morelli L, Archibugi L, Izbicki JR, Sarlós P, Kiudelis V, Oliverius M, Aoki MN, Vashist Y, van Eijck CHJ, Gazouli M, Talar-Wojnarowska R, Mambrini A, Pezzilli R, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Hegyi P, Souček P, Neoptolemos JP, Di Franco G, Sperti C, Kauffmann EF, Hlaváč V, Uzunoğlu FG, Ermini S, Małecka-Panas E, Lucchesi M, Vanella G, Dijk F, Mohelníková-Duchoňová B, Bambi F, Petrone MC, Jamroziak K, Guo F, Kolarova K, Capretti G, Milanetto AC, Ginocchi L, Loveček M, Puzzono M, van Laarhoven HWM, Carrara S, Ivanauskas A, Papiris K, Basso D, Arcidiacono PG, Izbéki F, Chammas R, Vodicka P, Hackert T, Pasquali C, Piredda ML, Costello-Goldring E, Cavestro GM, Szentesi A, Tavano F, Włodarczyk B, Brenner H, Kreivenaite E, Gao X, Bunduc S, Vermeulen RCH, Schneider MA, Latiano A, Gioffreda D, Testoni SGG, Kupcinskas J, Lawlor RT, Capurso G, Malats N, Campa D, Canzian F. Association of Genetic Variants Affecting microRNAs and Pancreatic Cancer Risk. Front Genet 2021; 12:693933. [PMID: 34527018 PMCID: PMC8435735 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.693933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors play an important role in the susceptibility to pancreatic cancer (PC). However, established loci explain a small proportion of genetic heritability for PC; therefore, more progress is needed to find the missing ones. We aimed at identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affecting PC risk through effects on micro-RNA (miRNA) function. We searched in silico the genome for SNPs in miRNA seed sequences or 3 prime untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of miRNA target genes. Genome-wide association data of PC cases and controls from the Pancreatic Cancer Cohort (PanScan) Consortium and the Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control (PanC4) Consortium were re-analyzed for discovery, and genotyping data from two additional consortia (PanGenEU and PANDoRA) were used for replication, for a total of 14,062 cases and 11,261 controls. None of the SNPs reached genome-wide significance in the meta-analysis, but for three of them the associations were in the same direction in all the study populations and showed lower value of p in the meta-analyses than in the discovery phase. Specifically, rs7985480 was consistently associated with PC risk (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.07-1.17, p = 3.03 × 10-6 in the meta-analysis). This SNP is in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs2274048, which modulates binding of various miRNAs to the 3'UTR of UCHL3, a gene involved in PC progression. In conclusion, our results expand the knowledge of the genetic PC risk through miRNA-related SNPs and show the usefulness of functional prioritization to identify genetic polymorphisms associated with PC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lu
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - George E. Theodoropoulos
- First Propaedeutic University Surgery Clinic, Hippocratio General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Susanne Roth
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Evaristo Maiello
- Department of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Luca Morelli
- General Surgery, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Livia Archibugi
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRSSC San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Jakob R. Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Sarlós
- First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Vytautas Kiudelis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute for Digestive Research, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Martin Oliverius
- Department of Surgery, Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady and Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Mateus Nóbrega Aoki
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Yogesh Vashist
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Casper H. J. van Eijck
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Andrea Mambrini
- Oncological Department, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Oncological Unit of Massa Carrara, Carrara, Italy
| | | | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Translational Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Pavel Souček
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - John P. Neoptolemos
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gregorio Di Franco
- General Surgery, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cosimo Sperti
- Department of Surgery-DiSCOG, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Viktor Hlaváč
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - Faik G. Uzunoğlu
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefano Ermini
- Blood Transfusion Service, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Meyer, Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Ewa Małecka-Panas
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maurizio Lucchesi
- Oncological Department, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Oncological Unit of Massa Carrara, Carrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vanella
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRSSC San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Frederike Dijk
- Deparment of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Beatrice Mohelníková-Duchoňová
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Franco Bambi
- Blood Transfusion Service, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Meyer, Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Petrone
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRSSC San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Krzysztof Jamroziak
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Feng Guo
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katerina Kolarova
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Giovanni Capretti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Ginocchi
- Oncological Department, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Oncological Unit of Massa Carrara, Carrara, Italy
| | - Martin Loveček
- Department of Surgery I, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Marta Puzzono
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Hanneke W. M. van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Silvia Carrara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Audrius Ivanauskas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute for Digestive Research, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Konstantinos Papiris
- Endoscopic Surgery Department, Hippocratio General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Daniela Basso
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo G. Arcidiacono
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRSSC San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ferenc Izbéki
- Szent György University Teaching Hospital of County Fejér, Székesfehérvár, Hungary
| | - Roger Chammas
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Institute of Cancer of São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Biomedical Centre and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudio Pasquali
- Department of Surgery-DiSCOG, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria L. Piredda
- ARC-NET, Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eithne Costello-Goldring
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Martina Cavestro
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Szentesi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Translational Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Francesca Tavano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Barbara Włodarczyk
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Edita Kreivenaite
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute for Digestive Research, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Xin Gao
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefania Bunduc
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roel C. H. Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Martin A. Schneider
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Latiano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Domenica Gioffreda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Sabrina G. G. Testoni
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRSSC San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute for Digestive Research, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rita T. Lawlor
- ARC-NET, Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriele Capurso
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRSSC San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Núria Malats
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniele Campa
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Pancreatic cancer epidemiology: understanding the role of lifestyle and inherited risk factors. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:493-502. [PMID: 34002083 PMCID: PMC9265847 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide and its global burden has more than doubled over the past 25 years. The highest incidence regions for pancreatic cancer include North America, Europe and Australia, and although much of this increase is due to ageing worldwide populations, there are key modifiable risk factors for pancreatic cancer such as cigarette smoking, obesity, diabetes and alcohol intake. The prevalence of these risk factors is increasing in many global regions, resulting in increasing age-adjusted incidence rates for pancreatic cancer, but the relative contribution from these risk factors varies globally due to variation in the underlying prevalence and prevention strategies. Inherited genetic factors, although not directly modifiable, are an important component of pancreatic cancer risk, and include pathogenic variants in hereditary cancer genes, genes associated with hereditary pancreatitis, as well as common variants identified in genome-wide association studies. Identification of the genetic changes that underlie pancreatic cancer not only provides insight into the aetiology of this cancer but also provides an opportunity to guide early detection strategies. The goal of this Review is to provide an up-to-date overview of the established modifiable and inherited risk factors for pancreatic cancer.
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Zhang C, Zou Y, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Feng H, Niu F, He P, Liu H. Three Immune-Related Prognostic mRNAs as Therapeutic Targets for Pancreatic Cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:649326. [PMID: 33869254 PMCID: PMC8047149 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.649326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal malignancy globally. This study aimed to probe and validate immune-related prognostic mRNAs as therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer. Methods: Gene transcriptome data of pancreatic cancer and normal pancreas were retrieved from TCGA-GTEx projects. Two thousand four hundred and ninety-eight immune-related genes were obtained from the IMMUPORT database. Abnormally expressed immune-related genes were then identified. Under univariate and multivariate cox models, a gene signature was constructed. Its predictive efficacy was assessed via ROCs. The interactions between the 21 genes were analyzed by Spearson analysis and PPI network. Using the GEPIA and The Human Protein Atlas databases, their expression and prognostic value were evaluated. The TIMER database was utilized to determine the relationships between MET, OAS1, and OASL mRNAs and immune infiltrates. Finally, their mRNA expression was externally verified in the GSE15471 and GSE62452 datasets. Results: An immune-related 21-gene signature was developed for predicting patients' prognosis. Following verification, this signature exhibited the well predictive performance. There were physical and functional interactions between them. MET, OAS1, and OASL mRNAs were all up-regulated in pancreatic cancer and associated with unfavorable prognosis. They showed strong correlations with tumor progression. Furthermore, the three mRNAs were distinctly associated with immune infiltrates. Their up-regulation was confirmed in the two external datasets. Conclusion: These findings identified three immune-related prognostic mRNAs MET, OAS1, and OASL, which may assist clinicians to choose targets for immunotherapy and make personalized treatment strategy for pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cangang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yueji Zou
- Department of Imaging, Penglai Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Penglai, China
| | - Yanan Zhu
- Jiangsu ALF Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Niu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengcheng He
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haibo Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Kurkin DV, Morkovin EI, Osadchenko NA, Bakulin DA, Dubrovina MA, Gorbunova YV, Abrosimova EE, Pustynnikov VE, Tyurenkov IN, Petrov VI. N-acetylcysteine relieves neurologic signs of acute ethanol hangover in rats. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.62622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Alcohol abuse is one of the grave social and medical problems in many countries, including Russia. Alcohol not only negatively affects health, social and family relationships, but also a person’s performance. Hangover, which is a one of the negative consequences of alcohol intake, is a complex of neurological and somatic symptoms that occur when ethanol is almost completely metabolized to acetaldehyde. This condition, despite the severity and potential economic damage, remains poorly understood, and there are no effective medicines to treat it.
Aim: to provide an experimental basis for the possibility of using N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione, as a medicine for prevention of the neurological and cognitive impairments due to alcohol intoxication.
Materials and Methods: The study used male Wistar rats, which were intraperitoneally injected with ethanol at a dose of 3 g/kg to simulate acute ethanol intoxication. Sixty minutes before the injection, the animals from the experimental groups were gavaged with NAC (1 g/kg) or with an equivalent volume of saline. Immediately after awakening and 3 h after it, the animals were assessed for neurological deficits, motor skills, spontaneous motor activity, and cognitive functions. After the completion of the behavioral tests, the animals were euthanized to assess the level of glutathione, triglycerides (TGs), and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in liver homogenates, and to determine the activity of enzymatic antioxidant systems and serum aminotransferases.
Results and Discussion: The ethanol intoxication in the animals from the control group was associated with pronounced signs of neurological and cognitive impairments, including low spontaneous motor and exploratory activity, impaired fine motor skills in the adhesive test, and cognitive function decline in the Morris water maze test. The rats which had received NAC before ethanol injection demonstrated better fine motor skills in the adhesive test, a higher level of spontaneous motor activity and better performance in the Morris water maze test (in comparison to the animals treated with saline before alcohol intoxication). In the animals which had received NAC, the levels of glutathione, MDA, and TGs, as well as the activity of liver antioxidant enzymes, were closer to the values of the intact rats to a greater extent than in the animals that had been injected with ethanol and received saline.
Conclusion: Orally administered NAC before acute ethanol intoxication led to a decrease in the severity of neurological deficiency in rats and reduced the amnesic effect of ethanol. This could be due to an improvement of ethanol metabolism and a decrease in the severity of disorders associated with oxidative stress and liver dysfunction.
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Schacht SR, Olsen A, Dragsted LO, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Kyrø C. Whole-Grain Intake and Pancreatic Cancer Risk-The Danish, Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort. J Nutr 2021; 151:666-674. [PMID: 33561273 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a highly deadly disease with a poor prognosis. There is limited knowledge about prevention of the disease; thus, identification of risk factors is important to reduce the disease incidence. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to prospectively investigate associations between incidence of pancreatic cancer and whole-grain intake measured in 2 ways: as whole-grain product intake (g whole-grain products/d) and as whole-grain intake (grams of whole grains/d). Moreover, the intake of subgroups of these was also investigated: whole-grain products (rye bread, whole-grain bread, and oatmeal/muesli) and cereals (rye, wheat, and oats). METHODS In total, 55,995 Danish adults aged 50-64 y, of whom 446 developed pancreatic cancer (17.5 y mean follow-up), were included in the study. Detailed information on daily intake of whole-grain products was available from a validated self-administered FFQ, and intake of whole-grain cereals (wheat, rye, and oats) was estimated using information from a 24-h dietary recall. The association between the whole-grain exposures and incidence of pancreatic cancer was investigated by Cox regression analyses adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Total whole-grain product intake was associated with a 7% lower incidence of pancreatic cancer per serving (50 g/d) (HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.00), and in the sex-specific analyses, an inverse association was found only in men. No association was found for total whole-grain intake (per 16-g serving size; HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.03). When investigating specific whole-grain products and cereals individually, none were alone associated with lower incidence of pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that intake of whole grains is associated with lower risk of pancreatic cancer in middle-aged men. Consuming ample amounts of whole grains may prove beneficial in terms of lowering pancreatic cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Schacht
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Kyrø
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most aggressive and invasive type of pancreatic cancer (PCa) and is expected to be the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths. The high mortality rate is due to the asymptomatic progression of the clinical features until the advanced stages of the disease and the limited effectiveness of the current therapeutics. Aberrant expression of several microRNAs (miRs/miRNAs) has been related to PDAC progression and thus they could be potential early diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic predictors for PDAC. miRs are small (18 to 24 nucleotides long) non-coding RNAs, which regulate the expression of key genes by targeting their 3′-untranslated mRNA region. Increased evidence has also suggested that the chemoresistance of PDAC cells is associated with metabolic alterations. Metabolic stress and the dysfunctionality of systems to compensate for the altered metabolic status of PDAC cells is the foundation for cellular damage. Current data have implicated multiple systems as hallmarks of PDAC development, such as glutamine redox imbalance, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, both the aberrant expression of miRs and dysregulation in metabolism can have unfavorable effects in several biological processes, such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, growth, survival, stress response, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, invasion, and migration. Therefore, due to these dismal statistics, it is crucial to develop beneficial therapeutic strategies based on an improved understanding of the biology of both miRs and metabolic mediators. This review focuses on miR-mediated pathways and therapeutic resistance mechanisms in PDAC and evaluates the impact of metabolic alterations in the progression of PDAC.
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Skrypek K, Balog S, Eriguchi Y, Asahina K. Inhibition of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Induces the Unfolded Protein Response in Pancreatic Tumors and Suppresses Their Growth. Pancreas 2021; 50:219-226. [PMID: 33565799 PMCID: PMC7880535 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the fourth-leading cause of cancer death in the United States, and there is an urgent need for effective therapies. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is an enzyme localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and generates monounsaturated fatty acid from saturated fatty acid. In this study, we examined the role of SCD in pancreatic cancer. METHODS We isolated epithelial cell adhesion molecule-positive pancreatic tumors from the Pdx1Cre;LSL-KrasG12D mouse and formed organoids in Matrigel. Using a SCD inhibitor, A939572, we tested its effects on growth and cell death in tumor organoids, tumors developed in the Pdx1Cre;LSL-KrasG12D mouse, and a human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line, PANC-1. RESULTS A939572 treatment rapidly induced degeneration of mouse tumor organoids and activated the unfolded protein response (UPR). Cotreatment of oleic acid, but not stearic acid, reduced the UPR in the organoids and rescued the inhibitory effect of the SCD inhibitor on their growth. Administration of A939572 to Pdx1Cre;LSL-KrasG12D mice caused cell death in early pancreatic tumors, but not in acini or islets. The SCD inhibitor induced the UPR in PANC-1 and suppressed their growth but did not induce cell death. CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of the SCD enzyme causes an UPR and cell death in early pancreatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Skrypek
- The Southern California Research Center for ALPD & Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Steven Balog
- The Southern California Research Center for ALPD & Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yoshihiro Eriguchi
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology/Infectious Disease, Kyushu University Hospital, Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kinji Asahina
- The Southern California Research Center for ALPD & Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Muraki T, Reid MD, Pehlivanoglu B, Gonzalez RS, Sekhar A, Memis B, Xue Y, Cheng J, Jang KT, Mittal P, Cardona K, Kooby DA, Maithel S, Sarmiento JM, El-Rayes B, Lomberk G, Urrutia RA, Christians K, Tsai S, Evans DB, Adsay V. Variant anatomy of the biliary system as a cause of pancreatic and peri-ampullary cancers. HPB (Oxford) 2020; 22:1675-1685. [PMID: 32336556 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cause of most pancreatic and periampullary cancers (PAC) is unknown. Recently, anatomic variations such as pancreatobiliary maljunction have been recognized as risk factors, similar to Barrett-related gastro-esophageal cancers. METHODS Pre-operative MRI from 860 pancreatic/biliary resections, including 322 PACs, were evaluated for low-union (cystic duct joining the common hepatic duct inside of the pancreas or within 5 mm of the pancreatic border) RESULTS: Low-union, seen <10% of the population, was present in 44% of PACs (73% distal bile duct/cholangiocarcinoma, 42% pancreatic head, and 34% ampullary). It was significantly lower(11%) in conditions without connection to the ductal system (thus not exposed to the ductal/biliary tract contents), namely mucinous cystic neoplasms and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas(p < 0.0001). Intra-pancreatic type low-union was seen in 16% of PACs versus 2% of controls(p < 0.0001). DISCUSSION This study establishes an association between low-union and PACs, and points to an anatomy-induced chemical/bilious carcinogenesis. This may explain why most pancreas cancers are in the head. It is possible that the same chemical milieu, caused by conditions other than low-union/insertion, may also play a role in the remaining half of PACs. This opens various treatment opportunities including milieu modifications (chemoprevention), focused screening of at-risk patients, and early detection with possible corrective actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Muraki
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, GA, USA
| | - Michelle D Reid
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, GA, USA
| | | | - Raul S Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aarti Sekhar
- Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, GA, USA
| | - Bahar Memis
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, GA, USA
| | - Yue Xue
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, GA, USA
| | - Jeanette Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kee-Taek Jang
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pardeep Mittal
- Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, GA, USA
| | - Kenneth Cardona
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, GA, USA
| | - David A Kooby
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, GA, USA
| | - Shishir Maithel
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, GA, USA
| | - Juan M Sarmiento
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, GA, USA
| | - Bassel El-Rayes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, GA, USA
| | - Gwen Lomberk
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Raul A Urrutia
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Susan Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Douglas B Evans
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Volkan Adsay
- Department of Pathology, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey.
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Lactobacillus Attenuate the Progression of Pancreatic Cancer Promoted by Porphyromonas Gingivalis in K-rasG12D Transgenic Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123522. [PMID: 33255941 PMCID: PMC7760978 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is aggressive and lethal with a five year survival rate of only 5–9%. While the exact pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer is not fully understood, oral pathogens associated with periodontitis, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), are linked to the disease. The aim of our study was to investigate the causal association between exposure to P. gingivalis and subsequent carcinogenesis, and the potential modulatory effects of probiotics. We demonstrated that oral exposure to P. gingivalis can accelerate the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in mouse models. In addition, the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway may be involved in the cancer-promoting effect of P. gingivalis and the suppressive effects of probiotics. Further understanding of the mechanisms of tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing effects of TGF-β signaling may have potential as a treatment for pancreatic cancer. Abstract Accumulating evidence suggests that there is a link between the host microbiome and pancreatic carcinogenesis, and that Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) increases the risk of developing pancreatic cancer. The aim of the current study was to clarify the role of P. gingivalis in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer and the potential immune modulatory effects of probiotics. The six-week-old LSL-K-rasG12D; Pdx-1-cre (KC) mice smeared P. gingivalis on the gums, causing pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) after four weeks to be similar to the extent of lesions in untreated KC mice at 24 weeks. The oral inoculation of P. gingivalis of six-week-old LSL-K-rasG12D; Pdx-1-cre (KC) mice caused significantly pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) after treatment four weeks is similar to the extent of lesions in untreated KC mice at 24 weeks. The pancreas weights of P. gingivalis plus probiotic-treated mice were significantly lower than the mice treated with P. gingivalis alone (P = 0.0028). The histological expressions of Snail-1, ZEB-1, collagen fibers, Galectin-3, and PD-L1 staining in the pancreas were also notably lower. In addition, probiotic administration reduced the histological expression of Smad3 and phosphorylated Smad3 in P. gingivalis treated KC mice. We demonstrated that oral exposure to P. gingivalis can accelerate the development of PanIN lesions. Probiotics are likely to have a beneficial effect by reducing cancer cell proliferation and viability, inhibiting PanIN progression, and cancer cell metastasis (Epithelial–mesenchymal transition, EMT). The transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway may be involved in the tumor suppressive effects of probiotics.
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Porta M, Pumarega J, Amaral AFS, Genkinger JM, Camargo J, Mucci L, Alguacil J, Gasull M, Zhang X, Morales E, Iglesias M, Ogino S, Engel LS. Influence of KRAS mutations, persistent organic pollutants, and trace elements on survival from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 190:109781. [PMID: 32791343 PMCID: PMC7689512 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reasons why pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) continues to have poor survival are only partly known. No previous studies have analyzed the combined influence of KRAS mutations, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and trace elements upon survival in PDAC or in any other human cancer. OBJECTIVE To analyze the individual and combined influence of KRAS mutations, POPs, and trace elements upon survival from PDAC. METHODS Incident cases of PDAC (n = 185) were prospectively identified in five hospitals in Eastern Spain in 1992-1995 and interviewed face-to-face during hospital admission. KRAS mutational status was determined from tumour tissue through polymerase chain reaction and artificial restriction fragment length polymorphism. Blood and toenail samples were obtained before treatment. Serum concentrations of POPs were analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. Concentrations of 12 trace elements were determined in toenail samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess prognostic associations. RESULTS Patients with a KRAS mutated tumor had a 70% higher risk of early death than patients with a KRAS wild-type PDAC (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.7, p = 0.026), adjusting for age, sex, and tumor stage. KRAS mutational status was only modestly and not statistically significantly associated with survival when further adjusting by treatment or by treatment intention. The beneficial effects of treatment remained unaltered when KRAS mutational status was taken into account, and treatment did not appear to be less effective in the subgroup of patients with a KRAS mutated tumor. POPs did not materially influence survival: the adjusted HR of the highest POP tertiles was near unity for all POPs. When considering the joint effect on survival of POPs and KRAS, patients with KRAS mutated tumors had modest and nonsignificant HRs (most HRs around 1.3 to 1.4). Higher concentrations of lead, cadmium, arsenic, vanadium, and aluminium were associated with better survival. When KRAS status, POPs, and trace elements were simultaneously considered along with treatment, only the latter was statistically significantly related to survival. CONCLUSIONS In this study based on molecular, clinical, and environmental epidemiology, KRAS mutational status, POPs, and trace elements were not adversely related to PDAC survival when treatment was simultaneously considered; only treatment was independently related to survival. The lack of adverse prognostic effects of POPs and metals measured at the time of diagnosis provide scientific and clinical reassurance on the effects of such exposures upon survival of patients with PDAC. The weak association with KRAS mutations contributes to the scant knowledge on the clinical implications of a genetic alteration highly frequent in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Porta
- School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José Pumarega
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - André F S Amaral
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeanine M Genkinger
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Judit Camargo
- School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorelei Mucci
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Juan Alguacil
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Magda Gasull
- School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Eva Morales
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; IMIB-Arrixaca, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Murcia
| | - Mar Iglesias
- School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Lawrence S Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
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Jentzsch V, Davis JAA, Djamgoz MBA. Pancreatic Cancer (PDAC): Introduction of Evidence-Based Complementary Measures into Integrative Clinical Management. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3096. [PMID: 33114159 PMCID: PMC7690843 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common form of pancreatic cancer is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which comprises some 85% of all cases. Currently, this is the fourth highest cause of cancer mortality worldwide and its incidence is rising steeply. Commonly applied clinical therapies offer limited chance of a lasting cure and the five-year survival rate is one of the lowest of the commonly occurring cancers. This review cultivates the hypothesis that the best management of PDAC would be possible by integrating 'western' clinical medicine with evidence-based complementary measures. Protecting the liver, where PDAC frequently first spreads, is also given some consideration. Overall, the complementary measures are divided into three groups: dietary factors, nutraceutical agents and lifestyle. In turn, dietary factors are considered as general conditioners, multi-factorial foodstuffs and specific compounds. The general conditioners are alkalinity, low-glycemic index and low-cholesterol. The multi-factorial foodstuffs comprise red meat, fish, fruit/vegetables, dairy, honey and coffee. The available evidence for the beneficial effects of the specific dietary and nutraceutical agents was considered at four levels (in order of prominence): clinical trials, meta-analyses, in vivo tests and in vitro studies. Thus, 9 specific agents were identified (6 dietary and 3 nutraceutical) as acceptable for integration with gemcitabine chemotherapy, the first-line treatment for pancreatic cancer. The specific dietary agents were the following: Vitamins A, C, D and E, genistein and curcumin. As nutraceutical compounds, propolis, triptolide and cannabidiol were accepted. The 9 complementary agents were sub-grouped into two with reference to the main 'hallmarks of cancer'. Lifestyle factors covered obesity, diabetes, smoking, alcohol and exercise. An integrative treatment regimen was devised for the management of PDAC patients. This involved combining first-line gemcitabine chemotherapy with the two sub-groups of complementary agents alternately in weekly cycles. The review concludes that integrated management currently offers the best patient outcome. Opportunities to be investigated in the future include emerging modalities, precision medicine, the nerve input to tumors and, importantly, clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Jentzsch
- Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (V.J.); (J.A.A.D.)
- Business School, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - James A. A. Davis
- Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (V.J.); (J.A.A.D.)
| | - Mustafa B. A. Djamgoz
- Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (V.J.); (J.A.A.D.)
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Cyprus International University, Haspolat, Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey
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Gentiluomo M, Canzian F, Nicolini A, Gemignani F, Landi S, Campa D. Germline genetic variability in pancreatic cancer risk and prognosis. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 79:105-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gašić U, Ćirić I, Pejčić T, Radenković D, Djordjević V, Radulović S, Tešić Ž. Polyphenols as Possible Agents for Pancreatic Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060547. [PMID: 32585831 PMCID: PMC7346180 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is very aggressive and it is estimated that it kills nearly 50% of patients within the first six months. The lack of symptoms specific to this disease prevents early diagnosis and treatment. Today, gemcitabine alone or in combination with other cytostatic agents such as cisplatin (Cis), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), irinotecan, capecitabine, or oxaliplatin (Oxa) is used in conventional therapy. Outgoing literature provides data on the use of polyphenols, biologically active compounds, in the treatment of pancreatic cancer and the prevention of acute pancreatitis. Therefore, the first part of this review gives a brief overview of the state of pancreatic disease as well as the procedures for its treatment. The second part provides a detailed overview of the research regarding the anticancer effects of both pure polyphenols and their plant extracts. The results regarding the antiproliferative, antimetastatic, as well as inhibitory effects of polyphenols against PC cell lines as well as the prevention of acute pancreatitis are presented in detail. Finally, particular emphasis is given to the polyphenolic profiles of apples, berries, cherries, sour cherries, and grapes, given the fact that these fruits are rich in polyphenols and anthocyanins. Polyphenolic profiles, the content of individual polyphenols, and their relationships are discussed. Based on this, significant data can be obtained regarding the amount of fruit that should be consumed daily to achieve a therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uroš Gašić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ivanka Ćirić
- Innovation Center, University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Tomislav Pejčić
- Clinic of Urology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dejan Radenković
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Medicine, dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- First Surgical Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 6, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Vladimir Djordjević
- First Surgical Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 6, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Siniša Radulović
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Živoslav Tešić
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12–16, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-113336733
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Quoc Lam B, Shrivastava SK, Shrivastava A, Shankar S, Srivastava RK. The Impact of obesity and diabetes mellitus on pancreatic cancer: Molecular mechanisms and clinical perspectives. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7706-7716. [PMID: 32458441 PMCID: PMC7348166 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the Western world has increased dramatically during the recent decades. According to the American Cancer Society, pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer‐related death in the United States. The relationship among obesity, T2DM and PC is complex. Due to increase in obesity, diabetes, alcohol consumption and sedentary lifestyle, the mortality due to PC is expected to rise significantly by year 2040. The underlying mechanisms by which diabetes and obesity contribute to pancreatic tumorigenesis are not well understood. Furthermore, metabolism and microenvironment within the pancreas can also modulate pancreatic carcinogenesis. The risk of PC on a population level may be reduced by modifiable lifestyle risk factors. In this review, the interactions of diabetes and obesity to PC development were summarized, and novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and PC were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Quoc Lam
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sushant K Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Anju Shrivastava
- Department of Oncology, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sharmila Shankar
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Rakesh K Srivastava
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Zhai S, Huo Z, Ying X, Jin J, Wang Y, Lu X, Deng X. A Nomogram for Individual Prediction of Poor Prognosis After Radical Surgery in Patients with Primary Pancreatic Duct Adenocarcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e918882. [PMID: 32088726 PMCID: PMC7051101 DOI: 10.12659/msm.918882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor characterized by poor prognosis. TNM stage cannot always provide accurate prediction of prognosis, which is vital for individualized treatment. Therefore, a novel way to identify patients with poor prognosis after radical surgery is urgently needed. Material/Methods The nomogram was established based on a discovery cohort that included 554 patients with PDAC who had received radical surgery from 2012 to 2016. The clinicopathological data were collected. Poor prognosis was evaluated using 25 features, in which appropriate features for a prediction model were identified. A prediction model incorporating the selected features was established. The discriminative capacity was assessed by C-index, calibration by calibration plot, and clinical usefulness by decision curve. The bootstrapping approach was used to perform internal validation. Results Characteristics included in the nomogram were coronary artery disease and stroke history, elevated CA125, AJCC stage >II, R0 resection, operating time >6 h, poor differentiation, nerve invasion, length of stay >30 days, and postoperative complications. A C-index of 0.713 indicated good discrimination of the prediction model, and the calibration curve showed acceptable calibration. Survival analysis showed that this model had better discriminative capacity than the AJCC staging system and could distinguish relatively good prognosis from poor prognosis in patients at stage II (especially IIa) and IV. Conclusions Our study presents a valid and practical model to predict prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients, which contributes to individualized therapy by assisting surgeons to predict poor prognosis in patients who received radical surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Zhen Huo
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Xiayang Ying
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Jiabin Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Xiongxiong Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaxing Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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Lu Y, Gentiluomo M, Lorenzo-Bermejo J, Morelli L, Obazee O, Campa D, Canzian F. Mendelian randomisation study of the effects of known and putative risk factors on pancreatic cancer. J Med Genet 2020; 57:820-828. [PMID: 32066631 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have reported multiple risk factors for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Some are well established, like tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, obesity and type 2 diabetes, whereas some others are putative, such as allergy and dietary factors. Identifying causal risk factors can help establishing those that can be targeted to contribute to prevent PDAC. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the possible causal effects of established and putative factors on PDAC risk. METHODS We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) study using publicly available data for genetic variants associated with the factors of interest, and summary genetic data from genome-wide association studies of the Pancreatic Cancer Cohort Consortium (PanScan) and the Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium (PanC4), including in total 8769 cases and 7055 controls. Causality was assessed using inverse-variance weighted, MR-Egger regression and weighted median methods, complemented with sensitivity and radial MR analyses. RESULTS We found evidence for a causal effect of body mass index (BMI) on PDAC risk (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.71, p=8.43×10-5). Fasting insulin (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.23 to 6.56, p=0.01), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.32, p=0.03) and type 2 diabetes (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.17, p=0.02) were also causally associated with PDAC risk. BMI showed both direct and fasting insulin-mediated causal effects. CONCLUSION We found strong evidence that BMI is causally associated with PDAC risk, providing support that obesity management may be a potential prevention strategy for reducing pancreatic cancer risk while fasting insulin and type 2 diabetes showed a suggestive association that should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lu
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | | | - Justo Lorenzo-Bermejo
- Statistical Genetics Research Group, Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Luca Morelli
- General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Translational and New Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, Italy.,EndoCAS (Center for Computer Assisted Surgery), University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, Italy
| | - Ofure Obazee
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Daniele Campa
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, Italy
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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Asahina K, Balog S, Hwang E, Moon E, Wan E, Skrypek K, Chen Y, Fernandez J, Romo J, Yang Q, Lai K, French SW, Tsukamoto H. Moderate alcohol intake promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma development in mice expressing oncogenic Kras. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G265-G276. [PMID: 31760766 PMCID: PMC7052574 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00218.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Kras mutations are associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Although tobacco smoking, pancreatitis, and obesity are known environmental risk factors for PDAC, the contribution of moderate alcohol intake to PDAC remains elusive. In the present study, we tested whether a combination of risk factors or moderate alcohol intake induces PDAC development in mice. Control Pdx1Cre and Pdx1Cre;LSL-KrasG12D mutant mice were fed a Western alcohol diet containing high levels of cholesterol and saturated fat, 3.5% alcohol, and lipopolysaccharide for 5 mo. In addition, mice were treated with cerulein, for induction of pancreatitis, and nicotine every month. Treatment with all of these risk factors promoted development of advanced pancreatic neoplasia and PDAC in the Pdx1Cre;LSL-KrasG12D mice but not in the control Pdx1Cre mice. Moderate alcohol intake or Western diet feeding also significantly promoted advanced neoplasia and PDAC development in Pdx1Cre;LSL-KrasG12D mice compared with mice fed a regular chow. Alcohol, but not Western diet, increased tumor development in the liver in the Pdx1Cre;LSL-KrasG12D mice, but its origin remained elusive due to leakiness of Pdx1Cre in hepatocytes. RNA-seq analysis revealed that alcohol feeding increases expression of markers for tumors (Epcam, Krt19, Prom1, Wt1, and Wwtr1), stroma (Dcn, Fn1, and Tnc), and cytokines (Tgfb1 and Tnf) and decreases expression of Fgf21 and Il6 in the pancreatic tumor tissues. Immunostaining showed heterogeneous expression of nephronectin, S100 calcium-binding protein A6, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 in pancreatic tumors surrounded by podoplanin-positive stromal cells. Our data indicate that moderate alcohol drinking is a risk factor for development of PDAC.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Heavy alcohol intake has been suspected to be a risk factor of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in humans. However, the contribution of moderate alcohol intake to PDAC development remains elusive. In the present study, we experimentally show that moderate alcohol feeding significantly induces advanced stages of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia development and invasive PDAC in Pdx1Cre;LSL-KrasG12D mutant mice. Our data indicate that moderate alcohol drinking is a risk factor for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinji Asahina
- 1The Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steven Balog
- 1The Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Edward Hwang
- 1The Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eugene Moon
- 1The Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Emily Wan
- 1The Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kaitlin Skrypek
- 1The Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yibu Chen
- 2Bioinformatics Service, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jay Fernandez
- 1The Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Janet Romo
- 1The Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Qihong Yang
- 1The Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Keane Lai
- 1The Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Samuel W. French
- 3Harbor-Univeristy of California, Los Angeles, Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Hidekazu Tsukamoto
- 1The Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,4Department of Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
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Heavy metal and pesticide exposure: A mixture of potential toxicity and carcinogenicity. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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40
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Obón-Santacana M, Luján-Barroso L, Freisling H, Naudin S, Boutron-Ruault MC, Mancini FR, Rebours V, Kühn T, Katzke V, Boeing H, Tjønneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K, Lasheras C, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Amiano P, Santiuste C, Ardanaz E, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Schmidt JA, Aune D, Trichopoulou A, Thriskos P, Peppa E, Masala G, Grioni S, Tumino R, Panico S, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Sciannameo V, Vermeulen R, Sonestedt E, Sund M, Weiderpass E, Skeie G, González CA, Riboli E, Duell EJ. Consumption of nuts and seeds and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:76-84. [PMID: 31107546 PMCID: PMC7340534 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Four epidemiologic studies have assessed the association between nut intake and pancreatic cancer risk with contradictory results. The present study aims to investigate the relation between nut intake (including seeds) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazards ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for nut intake and PDAC risk. Information on intake of nuts was obtained from the EPIC country-specific dietary questionnaires. After a mean follow-up of 14 years, 476,160 participants were eligible for the present study and included 1,283 PDAC cases. No association was observed between consumption of nuts and PDAC risk (highest intake vs nonconsumers: HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.72-1.10; p-trend = 0.70). Furthermore, no evidence for effect-measure modification was observed when different subgroups were analyzed. Overall, in EPIC, the highest intake of nuts was not statistically significantly associated with PDAC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Obón-Santacana
- Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leila Luján-Barroso
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Nursing of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternity and Child Health School of Nursing, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Heinz Freisling
- Nutritional Methodology and Biostatistics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Sabine Naudin
- Nutritional Methodology and Biostatistics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Vinciane Rebours
- Pancreatology Department, Beaujon Hospital, DHU Unity, AP-HP, Clichy, and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
- Inserm UMR1149, DHU Unity, and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Reserach Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Reserach Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Postdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cristina Lasheras
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Carmen Santiuste
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Kay-Thee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A Schmidt
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Nutrition, Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, "Civic - M. P. Arezzo" Hospital, ASP Ragusa, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgical and Preoperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Carlos A González
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric J Duell
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Wallace D, Buha-Đorđević A, Benton A. Toxicity of organic and inorganic nickel in pancreatic cell cultures: Comparison to cadmium. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2020. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm70-29277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel compounds are Group 1 carcinogens and possibly cancer-causing in the pancreas. We examined the toxicity of nickel in both 2-D and 3-D pancreatic cell cultures, to determine the LD50 for organic and inorganic nickel in normal and cancerous cells. Assays with cadmium chloride were performed to be a comparison to potential nickel-induced toxicity. Cells were exposed to twelve concentrations of NiCl2 or Ni-(Ac)2 for 48h (2-D), or six concentrations for 48 hours (3-D). There was a significant (P=0.0016) difference between HPNE and AsPC-1 LD50 values after cadmium exposure, at 69.9 µM and 29.2 µM, respectively. Neither form of nickel exhibited toxicity in 2-D or 3-D cultures, but after 48h, changes in spheroid morphology were observed. The inability of Ni to reduce viable cell numbers suggests a toxic mechanism that differs from cadmium, also a Group 1 carcinogen. The cell microenvironment was not a factor in nickel toxicity with no changes in viable cells in either 2-D or 3-D cultures. These studies only examined cytotoxicity, and not genotoxicity, a potential mechanism of nickel carcinogenicity. Alterations in DNA function or the expression of apoptotic proteins/processes would take longer to manifest. Current work focuses on cellular changes following extended nickel exposure.
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Abstract
Annual pancreatic tumor incidence rates have been increasing. We explored pancreatic tumor incidence trends by treatment and clinicopathologic features.Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) was retrieved to evaluate temporal trends and pancreatic cancer rates from 2000 to 2015. Joinpoint regression analyses were carried out to examine trend differences.Overall, the incidence of pancreatic cancer was on the increase. The initial APC increased at a rate of 2.22% from 2000 to 2012, and increased from 2012 to 2015 at a rate of 9.05%. Joinpoint analyses revealed that trends within different demographics of pancreatic cancer showed different characteristics. The rate of pancreatic cancer also varied with histologic types. In addition, the trends by cancer stage showed significant increase incidences of stage I and II pancreatic cancer from 2000 to 2013 (stage I: APC: 2.71%; stage II: APC: 4.87%). Incidences of patients receiving surgery increased from 2000 to 2008 (APC: 7.55%), 2008 to 2011 (APC: 2.17%) and then there was a significant acceleration from 2011 to 2015 (APC: 10.51%). The incidence of cases in stage II receiving surgery increased significantly from 2004 to 2009 (APC: 9.28%) and 2009 to 2013 (APC: 2.57%). However, for cases in stage I, the incidence of cases with surgery decreased significantly since 2009 (APC: -4.14%). Patients undergoing surgical treatment without chemotherapy and radiotherapy had the higher rates compared with those who received other combined treatments.Pancreatic cancer has been increasing overall, but patterns differ by demographics and clinicopathologic features. Efforts to identify and treat more eligible candidates for curative therapy could be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Pei
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for urological Diseases, Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephro-urology, Lanzhou University
- Department of Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Feixue Song
- Department of Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for urological Diseases, Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephro-urology, Lanzhou University
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Djordjevic VR, Wallace DR, Schweitzer A, Boricic N, Knezevic D, Matic S, Grubor N, Kerkez M, Radenkovic D, Bulat Z, Antonijevic B, Matovic V, Buha A. Environmental cadmium exposure and pancreatic cancer: Evidence from case control, animal and in vitro studies. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 128:353-361. [PMID: 31078004 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Although profoundly studied, etiology of pancreatic cancer (PC) is still rather scarce. Some of established risk factors of PC are connected to an increased cadmium (Cd) body burden. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of this environmental pollutant in PC development by conducting human observational, experimental and in vitro studies. The case-control study included 31 patients with a histologically based diagnosis of exocrine PC subjected to radical surgical intervention as cases and 29 accidental fatalities or subjects who died of a nonmalignant illness as controls. Animal study included two treated groups of Wistar rats (15 and 30 mg Cd/kg b.w) and untreated control group, sacrificed 24 h after single oral exposure. In in vitro study pancreas hTERT-HPNE and AsPC-1 cells were exposed to different Cd concentrations corresponding to levels measured in human cancerous pancreatic tissue. Cd content in cancer tissue significantly differed from the content in healthy controls. Odds ratio levels for PC development were 2.79 (95% CI 0.91-8.50) and 3.44 (95% CI 1.19-9.95) in the third and fourth quartiles of Cd distribution, respectively. Animal study confirmed Cd deposition in pancreatic tissue. In vitro studies revealed that Cd produces disturbances in intrinsic pathway of apoptotic activity and the elevation in oxidative stress in pancreatic cells. This study presents three different lines of evidence pointing towards Cd as an agent responsible for the development of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir R Djordjevic
- First Surgical Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 5, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - David R Wallace
- School of Biomedical Science, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107-1898, USA; Oklahoma State University, Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078-2014, USA
| | - Amie Schweitzer
- School of Biomedical Science, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107-1898, USA; Oklahoma State University, Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078-2014, USA
| | - Novica Boricic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića Starijeg 1, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djordje Knezevic
- First Surgical Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 5, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavko Matic
- First Surgical Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 5, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Grubor
- First Surgical Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 5, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirko Kerkez
- First Surgical Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 5, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Radenkovic
- First Surgical Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 5, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Antonijevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Matovic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Buha
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Yang W, Liu H, Duan B, Xu X, Carmody D, Luo S, Walsh KM, Abbruzzese JL, Zhang X, Chen X, Wei Q. Three novel genetic variants in NRF2 signaling pathway genes are associated with pancreatic cancer risk. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2022-2032. [PMID: 30972876 PMCID: PMC6550126 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PanC) is one of the most lethal solid malignancies, and metastatic PanC is often present at the time of diagnosis. Although several high- and low-penetrance genes have been implicated in PanC, their roles in carcinogenesis remain only partially elucidated. Because the nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor2 (NRF2) signaling pathway is involved in human cancers, we hypothesize that genetic variants in NRF2 pathway genes are associated with PanC risk. To test this hypothesis, we assessed associations between 31 583 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 164 NRF2-related genes and PanC risk using three published genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets, which included 8474 cases and 6944 controls of European descent. We also carried out expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis to assess the genotype-phenotype correlation of the identified significant SNP using publicly available data in the 1000 Genomes Project. We found that three novel SNP (ie, rs3124761, rs17458086 and rs1630747) were significantly associated with PanC risk (P = 5.17 × 10-7 , 5.61 × 10-4 and 5.52 × 10-4 , respectively). Combined analysis using the number of unfavorable genotypes (NUG) of these three SNP suggested that carriers of two to three NUG had an increased risk of PanC (P < 0.0001), compared with those carrying zero to one NUG. Furthermore, eQTL analysis showed that both rs3124761 T and rs17458086 C alleles were associated with increased mRNA expression levels of SLC2A6 and SLC2A13, respectively (P < 0.05). In conclusion, genetic variants in NRF2 pathway genes could play a role in susceptibility to PanC, and further functional exploration of the underlying molecular mechanisms is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and MaintenanceSchool of Basic Medicine and the General HospitalNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
- Cancer Research ProgramJulius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research InstituteNorth Carolina Central UniversityDurham
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Duke Cancer InstituteDuke University Medical CenterDurham
- Department of Population Health SciencesDuke University School of MedicineDurham
| | - Bensong Duan
- Duke Cancer InstituteDuke University Medical CenterDurham
- Department of Population Health SciencesDuke University School of MedicineDurham
| | - Xinyuan Xu
- Duke Cancer InstituteDuke University Medical CenterDurham
- Department of Population Health SciencesDuke University School of MedicineDurham
| | - Dennis Carmody
- Duke Cancer InstituteDuke University Medical CenterDurham
- Department of Population Health SciencesDuke University School of MedicineDurham
| | - Sheng Luo
- Department of Biostatistics and BioinformaticsDuke University School of MedicineDurham
| | - Kyle M. Walsh
- Duke Cancer InstituteDuke University Medical CenterDurham
- Department of NeurosurgeryDuke University School of MedicineDurham
| | - James L. Abbruzzese
- Duke Cancer InstituteDuke University Medical CenterDurham
- Department of Medicine, Population Health SciencesDuke University School of MedicineDurham
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Duke Cancer InstituteDuke University Medical CenterDurham
- Department of PathologyDuke University School of MedicineDurham
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Cancer Research ProgramJulius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research InstituteNorth Carolina Central UniversityDurham
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer InstituteDuke University Medical CenterDurham
- Department of Population Health SciencesDuke University School of MedicineDurham
- Department of Medicine, Population Health SciencesDuke University School of MedicineDurham
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Camargo J, Pumarega JA, Alguacil J, Sanz-Gallén P, Gasull M, Delclos GL, Amaral AFS, Porta M. Toenail concentrations of trace elements and occupational history in pancreatic cancer. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 127:216-225. [PMID: 30928845 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some occupations potentially entailing exposure to cadmium, arsenic, lead, selenium, nickel, and chromium have been associated with an increased risk of exocrine pancreatic cancer (EPC), but no studies have assessed whether body concentrations of such compounds differed among subjects occupationally exposed and unexposed. No studies which found that exposure to such metals increased the risk of EPC assessed whether past occupations were the source of exposure. OBJECTIVE The aim was to analyse the relationship between toenail concentrations of trace elements and occupational history in EPC patients. METHODS The study included 114 EPC cases personally interviewed on occupational history and lifestyle factors. Occupations were coded according to the International Standard Classification of Occupations 1988. Selected occupational exposures were assessed by two industrial hygienists and with the Finnish job-exposure matrix (Finjem). Concentrations of 12 trace elements were determined in toenail samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Adjusted geometric means (aGMs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS Patients occupationally exposed to aromatic hydrocarbon solvents (AHs) had higher concentrations of cadmium, manganese, lead, iron and vanadium. The aGM of cadmium concentrations for cases exposed to any pesticide was 0.056 μg/g [95% CI: 0.029-0.108], and, for unexposed cases, 0.023 μg/g [0.017-0.031]. Patients occupationally exposed to pesticides had higher concentrations of cadmium and manganese. Higher concentrations of vanadium, lead and arsenic were related to exposure to formaldehyde. Vanadium and lead were also associated with exposure to chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents, and arsenic was related to exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). CONCLUSIONS Patients occupationally exposed to AHs, pesticides, chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents, formaldehyde, volatile sulphur compounds and PAHs had higher concentrations of several metals. These elements may account for some of the occupational risks previously reported for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Camargo
- School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José A Pumarega
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Alguacil
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | | | - Magda Gasull
- School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - George L Delclos
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Center for Research in Occupational Health (CiSAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - André F S Amaral
- Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Miquel Porta
- School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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46
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He C, Zhang Y, Cai Z, Lin X. Effect of prior cancer on survival outcomes for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a propensity score analysis. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:509. [PMID: 31142278 PMCID: PMC6542019 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increase in cancer survivors, more pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) are developing as second primary cancers. Whether a prior cancer has an inferior impact on survival outcomes in patients with PDAC remains unknown, and the validity of criteria used to exclude patients with prior cancers in clinical trials needs to be determined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic factors and assess the survival impact of a prior cancer in patients with second primary PDAC. METHODS Patients with PDAC were retrospectively selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific mortality rates were compared between patients with and those without prior cancer. RESULTS The data of 9235 patients with PDAC from 2004 to 2015 were retrieved from the SEER database, consisting of 438 (4.74%) patients with a prior cancer and 8797 (95.26%) patients without a prior cancer, the patients were then pair-matched using propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. The median OS rates were 7 months for both groups of patients with PDAC with and without prior cancer. These two groups of patients had similar survival rates and cancer-specific mortalities before and after the PSM analysis. In the multivariate analysis, a history of prior cancer was not a significant prognostic factor of OS in patients with PDAC. CONCLUSIONS Patients with PDAC who had a prior cancer had similar OS and cancer-specific mortality rates as those of patients without a prior cancer. The inclusion of patients with a prior cancer in the clinical trials of PDAC should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobin He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
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47
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Campa D, Matarazzi M, Greenhalf W, Bijlsma M, Saum KU, Pasquali C, van Laarhoven H, Szentesi A, Federici F, Vodicka P, Funel N, Pezzilli R, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Vodickova L, Basso D, Obazee O, Hackert T, Soucek P, Cuk K, Kaiser J, Sperti C, Lovecek M, Capurso G, Mohelnikova-Duchonova B, Khaw KT, König AK, Kupcinskas J, Kaaks R, Bambi F, Archibugi L, Mambrini A, Cavestro GM, Landi S, Hegyi P, Izbicki JR, Gioffreda D, Zambon CF, Tavano F, Talar-Wojnarowska R, Jamroziak K, Key TJ, Fave GD, Strobel O, Jonaitis L, Andriulli A, Lawlor RT, Pirozzi F, Katzke V, Valsuani C, Vashist YK, Brenner H, Canzian F. Genetic determinants of telomere length and risk of pancreatic cancer: A PANDoRA study. Int J Cancer 2019; 144:1275-1283. [PMID: 30325019 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Telomere deregulation is a hallmark of cancer. Telomere length measured in lymphocytes (LTL) has been shown to be a risk marker for several cancers. For pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) consensus is lacking whether risk is associated with long or short telomeres. Mendelian randomization approaches have shown that a score built from SNPs associated with LTL could be used as a robust risk marker. We explored this approach in a large scale study within the PANcreatic Disease ReseArch (PANDoRA) consortium. We analyzed 10 SNPs (ZNF676-rs409627, TERT-rs2736100, CTC1-rs3027234, DHX35-rs6028466, PXK-rs6772228, NAF1-rs7675998, ZNF208-rs8105767, OBFC1-rs9420907, ACYP2-rs11125529 and TERC-rs10936599) alone and combined in a LTL genetic score ("teloscore", which explains 2.2% of the telomere variability) in relation to PDAC risk in 2,374 cases and 4,326 controls. We identified several associations with PDAC risk, among which the strongest were with the TERT-rs2736100 SNP (OR = 1.54; 95%CI 1.35-1.76; p = 1.54 × 10-10 ) and a novel one with the NAF1-rs7675998 SNP (OR = 0.80; 95%CI 0.73-0.88; p = 1.87 × 10-6 , ptrend = 3.27 × 10-7 ). The association of short LTL, measured by the teloscore, with PDAC risk reached genome-wide significance (p = 2.98 × 10-9 for highest vs. lowest quintile; p = 1.82 × 10-10 as a continuous variable). In conclusion, we present a novel genome-wide candidate SNP for PDAC risk (TERT-rs2736100), a completely new signal (NAF1-rs7675998) approaching genome-wide significance and we report a strong association between the teloscore and risk of pancreatic cancer, suggesting that telomeres are a potential risk factor for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Campa
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Martina Matarazzi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William Greenhalf
- Institute for Health Research Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Maarten Bijlsma
- Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kai-Uwe Saum
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudio Pasquali
- Pancreatic and Digestive Endocrine Surgery - Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Szentesi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Francesca Federici
- Oncological Department, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Oncological Unit of Massa Carrara, Carrara, Italy
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Science of Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Niccola Funel
- Department of Surgery, Unit of Experimental Surgical Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaele Pezzilli
- Pancreas Unit, Department of Digestive System, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Science of Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Basso
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Ofure Obazee
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavel Soucek
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Cuk
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Kaiser
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cosimo Sperti
- Third Surgical Clinic - Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martin Lovecek
- Department of Surgery I, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriele Capurso
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
- PancreatoBiliary Endoscopy and EUS Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Mohelnikova-Duchonova
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna-Katharina König
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franco Bambi
- Blood Transfusion Service, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Meyer, Florence, Italy
| | - Livia Archibugi
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
- PancreatoBiliary Endoscopy and EUS Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Mambrini
- Oncological Department, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Oncological Unit of Massa Carrara, Carrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Martina Cavestro
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Landi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Momentum Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Domenica Gioffreda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Molecular Biology Lab, IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Carlo Federico Zambon
- Third Surgical Clinic - Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Tavano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Molecular Biology Lab, IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | | | | | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gianfranco Delle Fave
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Oliver Strobel
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laimas Jonaitis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Angelo Andriulli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Molecular Biology Lab, IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Rita T Lawlor
- ARC-NET, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Felice Pirozzi
- Division of Abdominal Surgery, IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Verena Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chiara Valsuani
- Oncological Department, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Oncological Unit of Massa Carrara, Carrara, Italy
| | - Yogesh K Vashist
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Perioperative Management of the Orthopaedic Patient and Alcohol Use, Abuse, and Withdrawal. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2019; 27:e249-e257. [PMID: 30499892 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-17-00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is one of most commonly abused substances in the United States, and it has contributed to a growing epidemic of medical ailments, including cirrhosis, neurologic and psychosocial disorders, impairment to fertility, and cancer. Moreover, acute and chronic alcohol use represent a significant risk factor for orthopaedic injury and postoperative complications. Yet, relatively little is known about the clinical implications of alcohol abuse in common orthopaedic procedures. Acute withdrawal from alcohol is potentially fatal, particularly in the orthopaedic inpatient whose abstinence is mandated by the hospital setting. The aim of this review is to address the screening, diagnostic, and therapeutic tools available to appropriately manage acute alcohol withdrawal in the orthopaedic inpatient. The influence of chronic alcohol consumption on bone metabolism, fracture healing, and surgical fixation will also be reviewed because this information may guide surgical decision making.
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Physical Activity and Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk: A Review. ACTA MEDICA BULGARICA 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/amb-2019-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Western lifestyle characterized by increased consumption of red meat, fat, processed food, smoking, alcohol drinking, lower consumption of vegetables and physical inactivity has been associated with a higher gastrointestinal cancer risk. Digestive system cancers are diagnosed at late stages when they show poor response to treatment and are associated with a high mortality rate. Colorectal, gastric, esophageal and pancreatic cancers are among the most common cancers worldwide. Studies show that more than 50% of gastrointestinal cancers develop as a result of inappropriate lifestyle. An inverse association between physical activity and many chronic diseases has been proved so far. However, the association between physical activity and some gastrointestinal cancers is still controversial. This study was aimed to determine the association between physical activity and gastrointestinal cancers risk.
Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of English and Persian databases from February 2007 till December 2017, for studies investigating the association of physical activity and risk of gastrointestinal cancers. Finally, after reading full text of articles, 123 studies were included.
Results: Physical activity can be helpful in reducing the risk of gastrointestinal cancer, especially colon and pancreatic cancers. The risk reduction is not similar for different types of gastrointestinal cancers and also among males and females.
Conclusion: Different types of physical activity are associated with a lower risk of gastrointestinal cancer. However, it is unknown which type and intensity of physical activity are associated with a protective effect against gastro-intestinal cancer.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Alcohol is a type I carcinogen and the WHO stated that it caused 5% of all deaths in 2016, of which 13% because of cancers. Among digestive tract cancers, this association is clear for esophageal, liver and colorectal cancer, and more debated for gastric and pancreatic cancer. The present review will revise recent evidence on epidemiologic association and mechanisms linking alcohol with the risk of esophageal, gastric, colorectal and pancreatic cancers. RECENT FINDINGS Moderate alcohol intake increases the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer. Heavy alcohol intake is associated with an increased risk of gastric and pancreatic cancers. These risks also depend on genetic variants and the interaction with smoking is inconsistent. The carcinogenic mechanisms are multiple with a key role of acetaldehyde because of its ability to cause DNA damage, alter telomere length and induce ROS. Data on the role of the gut microbiome as possible mediator of alcohol-induced carcinogenesis are limited. SUMMARY There is sufficient evidence for the association between alcohol consumption and cancers of the esophagus, stomach, colon-rectum and pancreas. Public health policies to prevent these cancer types should include modification of alcohol intake habits, especially among individuals at increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Livia Archibugi
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy Division and Endosonography Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Centre, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan
| | | | - Gabriele Capurso
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy Division and Endosonography Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Centre, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan
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