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Weighardt H, Shapiro M, Mayer M, Förster I, Stockinger B, Diny NL. The AHR repressor limits expression of antimicrobial genes but not AHR-dependent genes in intestinal eosinophils. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:369-378. [PMID: 38701199 PMCID: PMC11271977 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal eosinophils express the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), an environmental sensor and ligand-activated transcription factor that responds to dietary or environmental ligands. AHR regulates tissue adaptation, survival, adhesion, and immune functions in intestinal eosinophils. The AHR repressor (AHRR) is itself induced by AHR and believed to limit AHR activity in a negative feedback loop. We analyzed gene expression in intestinal eosinophils from wild-type and AHRR knockout mice and found that AHRR did not suppress most AHR-dependent genes. Instead, AHRR limited the expression of a distinct small set of genes involved in the innate immune response. These included S100 proteins, antimicrobial proteins, and alpha-defensins. Using bone marrow-derived eosinophils, we found that AHRR knockout eosinophils released more reactive oxygen species upon stimulation. This work shows that the paradigm of AHRR as a repressor of AHR transcriptional activity does not apply to intestinal eosinophils. Rather, AHRR limits the expression of innate immune response and antimicrobial genes, possibly to maintain an anti-inflammatory phenotype in eosinophils when exposed to microbial signals in the intestinal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Weighardt
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Shapiro
- AhR Immunity Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Mayer
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Irmgard Förster
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Brigitta Stockinger
- AhR Immunity Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Laura Diny
- AhR Immunity Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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2
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Kalinina TS, Kononchuk VV, Valembakhov IS, Pustylnyak VO, Kozlov VV, Gulyaeva LF. Expression of AhR-regulated miRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer in smokers and never smokers. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2024; 70:52-60. [PMID: 38450681 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20247001052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Smoking is a risk factor for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The most common subtypes of NSCLC are lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The cigarette smoke contains aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands, such as benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). By activating the AhR, BaP can change the expression of many genes, including miRNA-encoding genes. In this study, we have evaluated the expression of few miRNAs potentially regulated by AhR (miR-21, -342, -93, -181a, -146a), as well as CYP1A1, a known AhR target gene, in lung tumor samples from smoking (n=40) and non-smoking (n=30) patients with LAC and from smoking patients with SCC (n=40). We have also collected macroscopically normal lung tissue >5 cm from the tumor margin. We compared the obtained data on the miRNA expression in tumors with data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We found that in 76.7% of non-smoking LAC patients, CYP1A1 mRNA was not detected in tumor and normal lung tissues, while in smoking patients, CYP1A1 expression was detected in tumors in almost half of the cases (47.5% for SCC and 42.5% for LAC). The expression profile of AhR-regulated miRNAs differed between LAC and SCC and depended on the smoking status. In LAC patients, the expression of oncogenic miRNA-21 and miRNA-93 in tumors was higher than in normal lung tissue from the same patients. However, in SCC patients from our sample, the levels of these miRNAs in tumor and non-transformed lung tissue did not differ significantly. The results of our studies and TCGA data indicate that the expression levels of miRNA-181a and miRNA-146a in LAC are associated with smoking: expression of these miRNAs was significantly lower in tumors of smokers. It is possible that their expression is regulated by AhR and AhRR (AhR repressor), and inhibition of AhR by AhRR leads to a decrease in miRNA expression in tumors of smoking patients. Overall, these results confirm that smoking has an effect on the miRNA expression profile. This should be taken into account when searching for new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Kalinina
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V V Kononchuk
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I S Valembakhov
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V O Pustylnyak
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V V Kozlov
- Novosibirsk Regional Oncological Dispensary, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - L F Gulyaeva
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Filipovic D, Qi W, Kana O, Marri D, LeCluyse EL, Andersen ME, Cuddapah S, Bhattacharya S. Interpretable predictive models of genome-wide aryl hydrocarbon receptor-DNA binding reveal tissue-specific binding determinants. Toxicol Sci 2023; 196:170-186. [PMID: 37707797 PMCID: PMC10682972 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is an inducible transcription factor whose ligands include the potent environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Ligand-activated AhR binds to DNA at dioxin response elements (DREs) containing the core motif 5'-GCGTG-3'. However, AhR binding is highly tissue specific. Most DREs in accessible chromatin are not bound by TCDD-activated AhR, and DREs accessible in multiple tissues can be bound in some and unbound in others. As such, AhR functions similarly to many nuclear receptors. Given that AhR possesses a strong core motif, it is suited for a motif-centered analysis of its binding. We developed interpretable machine learning models predicting the AhR binding status of DREs in MCF-7, GM17212, and HepG2 cells, as well as primary human hepatocytes. Cross-tissue models predicting transcription factor (TF)-DNA binding generally perform poorly. However, reasons for the low performance remain unexplored. By interpreting the results of individual within-tissue models and by examining the features leading to low cross-tissue performance, we identified sequence and chromatin context patterns correlated with AhR binding. We conclude that AhR binding is driven by a complex interplay of tissue-agnostic DRE flanking DNA sequence and tissue-specific local chromatin context. Additionally, we demonstrate that interpretable machine learning models can provide novel and experimentally testable mechanistic insights into DNA binding by inducible TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Filipovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Wenjie Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Omar Kana
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Daniel Marri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Edward L LeCluyse
- LifeSciences Division, LifeNet Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | | | - Suresh Cuddapah
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - Sudin Bhattacharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Center for Research on Ingredient Safety, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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4
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Hu XL, Xiao W, Lei Y, Green A, Lee X, Maradana MR, Gao Y, Xie X, Wang R, Chennell G, Basson MA, Kille P, Maret W, Bewick GA, Zhou Y, Hogstrand C. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor utilises cellular zinc signals to maintain the gut epithelial barrier. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5431. [PMID: 37669965 PMCID: PMC10480478 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc and plant-derived ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) are dietary components affecting intestinal epithelial barrier function. Here, we explore whether zinc and the AHR pathway are linked. We show that dietary supplementation with an AHR pre-ligand offers protection against inflammatory bowel disease in a mouse model while protection fails in mice lacking AHR in the intestinal epithelium. AHR agonist treatment is also ineffective in mice fed zinc depleted diet. In human ileum organoids and Caco-2 cells, AHR activation increases total cellular zinc and cytosolic free Zn2+ concentrations through transcription of genes for zinc importers. Tight junction proteins are upregulated through zinc inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer and calpain activity. Our data show that AHR activation by plant-derived dietary ligands improves gut barrier function at least partly via zinc-dependent cellular pathways, suggesting that combined dietary supplementation with AHR ligands and zinc might be effective in preventing inflammatory gut disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuchuan Lucas Hu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Wenfeng Xiao
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxian Lei
- Department of Diabetes, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Adam Green
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xinyi Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Yajing Gao
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueru Xie
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - George Chennell
- Clinical Neuroscience Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Albert Basson
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
- Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Pete Kille
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Wolfgang Maret
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gavin A Bewick
- Department of Diabetes, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Xu R, Hong X, Ladd-Acosta C, Buckley JP, Choi G, Wang G, Hou W, Wang X, Liang L, Ji H. Contrasting Association of Maternal Plasma Biomarkers of Smoking and 1-Carbon Micronutrients with Offspring DNA Methylation: Evidence of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Repressor Gene-Smoking-Folate Interaction. J Nutr 2023; 153:2339-2351. [PMID: 37156443 PMCID: PMC10447613 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal prenatal smoking is known to alter offspring DNA methylation (DNAm). However, there are no effective interventions to mitigate smoking-induced DNAm alteration. OBJECTIVES This study investigated whether 1-carbon nutrients (folate, vitamins B6, and B12) can protect against prenatal smoking-induced offspring DNAm alterations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) (cg05575921), GFI1 (cg09935388), and CYP1A1 (cg05549655) genes. METHODS This study included mother-newborn dyads from a racially diverse US birth cohort. The cord blood DNAm at the above 3 sites were derived from a previous study using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Maternal smoking was assessed by self-report and plasma biomarkers (hydroxycotinine and cotinine). Maternal plasma folate, and vitamins B6 and B12 concentrations were obtained shortly after delivery. Linear regressions, Bayesian kernel machine regression, and quantile g-computation were applied to test the study hypothesis by adjusting for covariables and multiple testing. RESULTS The study included 834 mother-newborn dyads (16.7% of newborns exposed to maternal smoking). DNAm at cg05575921 (AHRR) and at cg09935388 (GFI1) was inversely associated with maternal smoking biomarkers in a dose-response fashion (all P < 7.01 × 10-13). In contrast, cg05549655 (CYP1A1) was positively associated with maternal smoking biomarkers (P < 2.4 × 10-6). Folate concentrations only affected DNAm levels at cg05575921 (AHRR, P = 0.014). Regression analyses showed that compared with offspring with low hydroxycotinine exposure (<0.494) and adequate maternal folate concentrations (quartiles 2-4), an offspring with high hydroxycotinine exposure (≥0.494) and low folate concentrations (quartile 1) had a significant reduction in DNAm at cg05575921 (M-value, ß ± SE = -0.801 ± 0.117, P = 1.44 × 10-11), whereas adequate folate concentrations could cut smoking-induced hypomethylation by almost half. Exposure mixture models further supported the protective role of adequate folate concentrations against smoking-induced aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) hypomethylation. CONCLUSIONS This study found that adequate maternal folate can attenuate maternal smoking-induced offspring AHRR cg05575921 hypomethylation, which has been previously linked to a range of pediatric and adult diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States.
| | - Christine Ladd-Acosta
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Giehae Choi
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Guoying Wang
- Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Wenpin Hou
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States.
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Hernández HG, Aranzazu-Moya GC, Pinzón-Reyes EH. Aberrant AHRR, ADAMTS2 and FAM184 DNA Methylation: Candidate Biomarkers in the Oral Rinse of Heavy Smokers. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1797. [PMID: 37509437 PMCID: PMC10376800 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify DNA methylation patterns of heavy smokers in oral rinse samples. METHODS Genome-wide DNA methylation data was imported from Gene Expression Omnibus GSE70977 using the GEOquery package. Two independent sets were analyzed: (a) 71 epigenomes of cancer-free subjects (heavy smokers n = 37 vs. non-smokers n = 31); for concordance assessment (b) 139 oral-cancer patients' epigenomes (heavy smokers n = 92 vs. non-smokers n = 47). Differential DNA methylation for CpG positions and at the regional level was determined using Limma and DMRcate Bioconductor packages. The linear model included sex, age, and alcohol consumption. The statistical threshold was set to p < 0.05. Functional gene prioritization analysis was performed for gene-targeted analysis. RESULTS In individuals without cancer and heavy smokers, the FAM184B gene was found with two CpG positions differentially hypermethylated (p = 0.012 after FDR adjustment), in a region of 48 bp with an absolute methylation difference >10% between groups (p = 1.76 × 10-8). In the analysis corresponding to oral-cancer patients, we found AHRR differentially hypomethylated cancer patients, but also in subjects without oral cancer in the targeted analyses. Remarkably, ADAMTS2 was found differentially hypermethylated in heavy smokers without a diagnosis of cancer in two consecutive probes cg05575921 (p = 3.13 × 10-7) and cg10208897 (p = 1.36 × 10-5). CONCLUSIONS Differentially methylated AHRR, ADAMTS2, and FAM184B genes are biomarker candidates in oral rinse samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Guillermo Hernández
- School of Dentistry, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bucaramanga 680001, Colombia
- PhD Program in Dentistry, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bucaramanga 680001, Colombia
| | | | - Efraín Hernando Pinzón-Reyes
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Instituto de Investigación Masira, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga 680003, Colombia
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Schmidt JR, Haupt J, Riemschneider S, Kämpf C, Löffler D, Blumert C, Reiche K, Koehl U, Kalkhof S, Lehmann J. Transcriptomic signatures reveal a shift towards an anti-inflammatory gene expression profile but also the induction of type I and type II interferon signaling networks through aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation in murine macrophages. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156493. [PMID: 37287978 PMCID: PMC10242070 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates a broad range of target genes involved in the xenobiotic response, cell cycle control and circadian rhythm. AhR is constitutively expressed in macrophages (Mϕ), acting as key regulator of cytokine production. While proinflammatory cytokines, i.e., IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, are suppressed through AhR activation, anti-inflammatory IL-10 is induced. However, the underlying mechanisms of those effects and the importance of the specific ligand structure are not yet completely understood. Methods Therefore, we have compared the global gene expression pattern in activated murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) subsequently to exposure with either benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) or indole-3-carbinol (I3C), representing high-affinity vs. low-affinity AhR ligands, respectively, by means of mRNA sequencing. AhR dependency of observed effects was proved using BMMs from AhR-knockout (Ahr-/-) mice. Results and discussion In total, more than 1,000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) could be mapped, covering a plethora of AhR-modulated effects on basal cellular processes, i.e., transcription and translation, but also immune functions, i.e., antigen presentation, cytokine production, and phagocytosis. Among DEGs were genes that are already known to be regulated by AhR, i.e., Irf1, Ido2, and Cd84. However, we identified DEGs not yet described to be AhR-regulated in Mϕ so far, i.e., Slpi, Il12rb1, and Il21r. All six genes likely contribute to shifting the Mϕ phenotype from proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory. The majority of DEGs induced through BaP were not affected through I3C exposure, probably due to higher AhR affinity of BaP in comparison to I3C. Mapping of known aryl hydrocarbon response element (AHRE) sequence motifs in identified DEGs revealed more than 200 genes not possessing any AHRE, and therefore being not eligible for canonical regulation. Bioinformatic approaches modeled a central role of type I and type II interferons in the regulation of those genes. Additionally, RT-qPCR and ELISA confirmed a AhR-dependent expressional induction and AhR-dependent secretion of IFN-γ in response to BaP exposure, suggesting an auto- or paracrine activation pathway of Mϕ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes R. Schmidt
- Department of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janine Haupt
- Department of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sina Riemschneider
- Department of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Kämpf
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dennis Löffler
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Conny Blumert
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Reiche
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Koehl
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Kalkhof
- Department of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Applied Sciences, Institute for Bioanalysis, Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Coburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Lehmann
- Department of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Leipzig, Germany
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8
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Akhmetova DA, Kozlov VV, Gulyaeva LF. New Insight into the Role of AhR in Lung Carcinogenesis. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:1219-1225. [PMID: 36509717 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922110013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC), one of the most common malignant neoplasms, is the leading cause of high cancer mortality worldwide. Smoking is a risk factor for almost all histological types of LC. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), one of the main constituents of tobacco smoke, can cause cancer. It has been established that its toxic effects can develop in the following ways: genotoxic (formation of adducts with DNA) and non-genotoxic or epigenetic. The latter is less known, although it is known that BaP activates aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which regulate transcription of many target genes, including microRNAs, which can lead to initiation and enhancement of the malignant cell transformation. Recent studies are evaluating the role of AhR in the regulation of immune checkpoints, as cigarette smoke and BaP induce the AhR-regulated expression of PD-L1 (CD274) in lung epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, kynurenine (a metabolite of tryptophan) has been found to stimulate the PD-1 (CD279) expression in cytotoxic T cells by activating AhR. Recent studies confirm great importance of AhR expressed in malignant cells for suppression of antitumor immunity. All this makes us rethink the role of AhR in lung carcinogenesis and investigate the mechanisms of its activation by exogenous and endogenous ligands. This review highlights the current understanding of the functional features of AhR and its role in the LC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinara A Akhmetova
- Novosibirsk National Research State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Vadim V Kozlov
- Research Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630117, Russia.,Department of Thoracic Oncology #3, Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Oncology Center, Novosibirsk, 630108, Russia
| | - Ludmila F Gulyaeva
- Novosibirsk National Research State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Research Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630117, Russia
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9
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Paris A, Tardif N, Baietti FM, Berra C, Leclair HM, Leucci E, Galibert M, Corre S. The AhR-SRC axis as a therapeutic vulnerability in BRAFi-resistant melanoma. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15677. [PMID: 36305167 PMCID: PMC9728058 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202215677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nongenetic mechanisms required to control tumor phenotypic plasticity and shape drug-resistance remain unclear. We show here that the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) transcription factor directly regulates the gene expression program associated with the acquisition of resistance to BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) in melanoma. In addition, we show in melanoma cells that canonical activation of AhR mediates the activation of the SRC pathway and promotes the acquisition of an invasive and aggressive resistant phenotype to front-line BRAFi treatment in melanoma. This nongenetic reprogramming identifies a clinically compatible approach to reverse BRAFi resistance in melanoma. Using a preclinical BRAFi-resistant PDX melanoma model, we demonstrate that SRC inhibition with dasatinib significantly re-sensitizes melanoma cells to BRAFi. Together we identify the AhR/SRC axis as a new therapeutic vulnerability to trigger resistance and warrant the introduction of SRC inhibitors during the course of the treatment in combination with front-line therapeutics to delay BRAFi resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Paris
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR6290, ERL U1305RennesFrance
| | - Nina Tardif
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR6290, ERL U1305RennesFrance
| | - Francesca M Baietti
- Laboratory for RNA Cancer Biology, Department of OncologyLKI, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium,Trace PDX Platform, Department of OncologyLKI, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Cyrille Berra
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR6290, ERL U1305RennesFrance,Department of Molecular Genetics and GenomicsHospital University of Rennes (CHU Rennes)RennesFrance
| | - Héloïse M Leclair
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR6290, ERL U1305RennesFrance
| | - Eleonora Leucci
- Laboratory for RNA Cancer Biology, Department of OncologyLKI, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium,Trace PDX Platform, Department of OncologyLKI, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Marie‐Dominique Galibert
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR6290, ERL U1305RennesFrance,Department of Molecular Genetics and GenomicsHospital University of Rennes (CHU Rennes)RennesFrance
| | - Sébastien Corre
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR6290, ERL U1305RennesFrance
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10
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Zhang D, Ning J, Ramprasath T, Yu C, Zheng X, Song P, Xie Z, Zou MH. Kynurenine promotes neonatal heart regeneration by stimulating cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac angiogenesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6371. [PMID: 36289221 PMCID: PMC9606021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) catalyzes tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism in many inflammatory and cancer diseases. Of note, acute inflammation that occurs immediately after heart injury is essential for neonatal cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. However, the IDO1-catalyzed tryptophan metabolism during heart regeneration is largely unexplored. Here, we find that apical neonatal mouse heart resection surgery led to rapid and consistent increases in cardiac IDO1 expression and kynurenine accumulation. Cardiac deletion of Ido1 gene or chemical inhibition of IDO1 impairs heart regeneration. Mechanistically, elevated kynurenine triggers cardiomyocyte proliferation by activating the cytoplasmic aryl hydrocarbon receptor-SRC-YAP/ERK pathway. In addition, cardiomyocyte-derived kynurenine transports to endothelial cells and stimulates cardiac angiogenesis by promoting aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocation and enhancing vascular endothelial growth factor A expression. Notably, Ahr deletion prevents indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase -kynurenine-associated heart regeneration. In summary, increasing indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase-derived kynurenine level promotes cardiac regeneration by functioning as an endogenous regulator of cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghong Zhang
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Jinfeng Ning
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Tharmarajan Ramprasath
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Changjiang Yu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Xiaoxu Zheng
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Ping Song
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Zhonglin Xie
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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11
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Yu J, Qi H, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Song E, Song W, An R. RAB3D, upregulated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), promotes the progression of prostate cancer by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:2246-2256. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Yu
- Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Haipeng Qi
- Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Erlin Song
- Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Wenting Song
- Department of Management Office Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences Harbin China
| | - Ruihua An
- Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China
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12
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Watzky M, Huard S, Juricek L, Dairou J, Chauvet C, Coumoul X, Letessier A, Miotto B. Hexokinase 2 is a transcriptional target and a positive modulator of AHR signalling. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:5545-5564. [PMID: 35609998 PMCID: PMC9178003 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) regulates the expression of numerous genes in response to activation by agonists including xenobiotics. Although it is well appreciated that environmental signals and cell intrinsic features may modulate this transcriptional response, how it is mechanistically achieved remains poorly understood. We show that hexokinase 2 (HK2) a metabolic enzyme fuelling cancer cell growth, is a transcriptional target of AHR as well as a modulator of its activity. Expression of HK2 is positively regulated by AHR upon exposure to agonists both in human cells and in mice lung tissues. Conversely, over-expression of HK2 regulates the abundance of many proteins involved in the regulation of AHR signalling and these changes are linked with altered AHR expression levels and transcriptional activity. HK2 expression also shows a negative correlation with AHR promoter methylation in tumours, and these tumours with high HK2 expression and low AHR methylation are associated with a worse overall survival in patients. In sum, our study provides novel insights into how AHR signalling is regulated which may help our understanding of the context-specific effects of this pathway and may have implications in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Watzky
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Solène Huard
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Ludmila Juricek
- METATOX, T3S, Toxicologie Environnementale, Cibles thérapeutiques, Signalisation cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, INSERM UMR-S1124, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Julien Dairou
- Université Paris Cité, UFR des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS, UMR 8601, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Chauvet
- METATOX, T3S, Toxicologie Environnementale, Cibles thérapeutiques, Signalisation cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, INSERM UMR-S1124, F-75006 Paris, France.,Université Paris Cité, UFR des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- METATOX, T3S, Toxicologie Environnementale, Cibles thérapeutiques, Signalisation cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, INSERM UMR-S1124, F-75006 Paris, France.,Université Paris Cité, UFR des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris, France
| | - Anne Letessier
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Miotto
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014 Paris, France
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13
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Diny NL, Schonfeldova B, Shapiro M, Winder ML, Varsani-Brown S, Stockinger B. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor contributes to tissue adaptation of intestinal eosinophils in mice. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20210970. [PMID: 35238865 PMCID: PMC8899390 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are potent sources of inflammatory and toxic mediators, yet they reside in large numbers in the healthy intestine without causing tissue damage. We show here that intestinal eosinophils were specifically adapted to their environment and underwent substantial transcriptomic changes. Intestinal eosinophils upregulated genes relating to the immune response, cell-cell communication, extracellular matrix remodeling, and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor with broad functions in intestinal homeostasis. Eosinophils from AHR-deficient mice failed to fully express the intestinal gene expression program, including extracellular matrix organization and cell junction pathways. AHR-deficient eosinophils were functionally impaired in the adhesion to and degradation of extracellular matrix, were more prone to degranulation, and had an extended life span. Lack of AHR in eosinophils had wider effects on the intestinal immune system, affecting the T cell compartment in nave and helminth-infected mice. Our study demonstrates that the response to environmental triggers via AHR partially shapes tissue adaptation of eosinophils in the small intestine.
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14
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Han DT, Zhao W, Powell WH. Dioxin Disrupts Thyroid Hormone and Glucocorticoid Induction of klf9, a Master Regulator of Frog Metamorphosis. Toxicol Sci 2022; 187:150-161. [PMID: 35172007 PMCID: PMC9041550 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Frog metamorphosis, the development of an air-breathing froglet from an aquatic tadpole, is controlled by thyroid hormone (TH) and glucocorticoids (GC). Metamorphosis is susceptible to disruption by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonist. Krüppel-like factor 9 (klf9), an immediate early gene in the endocrine-controlled cascade of expression changes governing metamorphosis, can be synergistically induced by both hormones. This process is mediated by an upstream enhancer cluster, the klf9 synergy module (KSM). klf9 is also an AHR target. We measured klf9 mRNA following exposures to triiodothyronine (T3), corticosterone (CORT), and TCDD in the Xenopus laevis cell line XLK-WG. klf9 was induced 6-fold by 50 nM T3, 4-fold by 100 nM CORT, and 3-fold by 175 nM TCDD. Cotreatments of CORT and TCDD or T3 and TCDD induced klf9 7- and 11-fold, respectively, whereas treatment with all 3 agents induced a 15-fold increase. Transactivation assays examined enhancers from the Xenopus tropicalis klf9 upstream region. KSM-containing segments mediated a strong T3 response and a larger T3/CORT response, whereas induction by TCDD was mediated by a region ∼1 kb farther upstream containing 5 AHR response elements (AHREs). This region also supported a CORT response in the absence of readily identifiable GC responsive elements, suggesting mediation by protein-protein interactions. A functional AHRE cluster is positionally conserved in the human genome, and klf9 was induced by TCDD and TH in HepG2 cells. These results indicate that AHR binding to upstream AHREs represents an early key event in TCDD's disruption of endocrine-regulated klf9 expression and metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wade H Powell
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at Biology Department, Kenyon College, 202 N College Rd, Gambier, OH 43022. E-mail:
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15
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Nöthling J, Abrahams N, Toikumo S, Suderman M, Mhlongo S, Lombard C, Seedat S, Hemmings SMJ. Genome-wide differentially methylated genes associated with posttraumatic stress disorder and longitudinal change in methylation in rape survivors. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:594. [PMID: 34799556 PMCID: PMC8604994 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rape is associated with a high risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). DNA methylation changes may confer risk or protection for PTSD following rape by regulating the expression of genes implicated in pathways affected by PTSD. We aimed to: (1) identify epigenome-wide differences in methylation profiles between rape-exposed women with and without PTSD at 3-months post-rape, in a demographically and ethnically similar group, drawn from a low-income setting; (2) validate and replicate the findings of the epigenome-wide analysis in selected genes (BRSK2 and ADCYAP1); and (3) investigate baseline and longitudinal changes in BRSK2 and ADCYAP1 methylation over six months in relation to change in PTSD symptom scores over 6 months, in the combined discovery/validation and replication samples (n = 96). Rape-exposed women (n = 852) were recruited from rape clinics in the Rape Impact Cohort Evaluation (RICE) umbrella study. Epigenome-wide differentially methylated CpG sites between rape-exposed women with (n = 24) and without (n = 24) PTSD at 3-months post-rape were investigated using the Illumina EPIC BeadChip in a discovery cohort (n = 48). Validation (n = 47) and replication (n = 49) of BRSK2 and ADCYAP1 methylation findings were investigated using EpiTYPER technology. Longitudinal change in BRSK2 and ADCYAP1 was also investigated using EpiTYPER technology in the combined sample (n = 96). In the discovery sample, after adjustment for multiple comparisons, one differentially methylated CpG site (chr10: 61385771/ cg01700569, p = 0.049) and thirty-four differentially methylated regions were associated with PTSD status at 3-months post-rape. Decreased BRSK2 and ADCYAP1 methylation at 3-months and 6-months post-rape were associated with increased PTSD scores at the same time points, but these findings did not remain significant in adjusted models. In conclusion, decreased methylation of BRSK2 may result in abnormal neuronal polarization, synaptic development, vesicle formation, and disrupted neurotransmission in individuals with PTSD. PTSD symptoms may also be mediated by differential methylation of the ADCYAP1 gene which is involved in stress regulation. Replication of these findings is required to determine whether ADCYAP1 and BRSK2 are biomarkers of PTSD and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Nöthling
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on the Genomics of Brain Disorders, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Naeemah Abrahams
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sylvanus Toikumo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on the Genomics of Brain Disorders, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Matthew Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Shibe Mhlongo
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carl Lombard
- Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on the Genomics of Brain Disorders, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sian Megan Joanna Hemmings
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on the Genomics of Brain Disorders, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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16
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Gupta A, Sasse SK, Gruca MA, Sanford L, Dowell RD, Gerber AN. Deconvolution of multiplexed transcriptional responses to wood smoke particles defines rapid aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling dynamics. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101147. [PMID: 34520756 PMCID: PMC8517214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of respirable particulates and compounds complicates our understanding of transcriptional responses to air pollution. Here, we address this by applying precision nuclear run-on sequencing and the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing to measure nascent transcription and chromatin accessibility in airway epithelial cells after wood smoke particle (WSP) exposure. We used transcription factor enrichment analysis to identify temporally distinct roles for ternary response factor-serum response factor complexes, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), and NFκB in regulating transcriptional changes induced by WSP. Transcription of canonical targets of the AHR, such as CYP1A1 and AHRR, was robustly increased after just 30 min of WSP exposure, and we discovered novel AHR-regulated pathways and targets including the DNA methyltransferase, DNMT3L. Transcription of these genes and associated enhancers rapidly returned to near baseline by 120 min after exposure. The kinetics of AHR- and NFκB-regulated responses to WSP were distinguishable based on the timing of both transcriptional responses and chromatin remodeling, with induction of several cytokines implicated in maintaining NFκB-mediated responses through 120 min of exposure. In aggregate, our data establish a direct and primary role for AHR in mediating airway epithelial responses to WSP and identify crosstalk between AHR and NFκB signaling in controlling proinflammatory gene expression. This work also defines an integrated genomics-based strategy for deconvoluting multiplexed transcriptional responses to heterogeneous environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnav Gupta
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah K Sasse
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Margaret A Gruca
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Lynn Sanford
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Robin D Dowell
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Anthony N Gerber
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.
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17
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Zablon HA, Ko CI, Puga A. Converging Roles of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Early Embryonic Development, Maintenance of Stemness, and Tissue Repair. Toxicol Sci 2021; 182:1-9. [PMID: 34009372 PMCID: PMC8285021 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor well-known for its adaptive role as a sensor of environmental toxicants and mediator of the metabolic detoxification of xenobiotic ligands. In addition, a growing body of experimental data has provided indisputable evidence that the AHR regulates critical functions of cell physiology and embryonic development. Recent studies have shown that the naïve AHR-that is, unliganded to xenobiotics but activated endogenously-has a crucial role in maintenance of embryonic stem cell pluripotency, tissue repair, and regulation of cancer stem cell stemness. Depending on the cellular context, AHR silences the expression of pluripotency genes Oct4 and Nanog and potentiates differentiation, whereas curtailing cellular plasticity and stemness. In these processes, AHR-mediated contextual responses and outcomes are dictated by changes of interacting partners in signaling pathways, gene networks, and cell-type-specific genomic structures. In this review, we focus on AHR-mediated changes of genomic architecture as an emerging mechanism for the AHR to regulate gene expression at the transcriptional level. Collective evidence places this receptor as a physiological hub connecting multiple biological processes whose disruption impacts on embryonic development, tissue repair, and maintenance or loss of stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alvaro Puga
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
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18
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Reddy KD, Lan A, Boudewijn IM, Rathnayake SNH, Koppelman GH, Oliver BG, van den Berge M, Faiz A. Current-Smoking alters Gene Expression and DNA Methylation in the Nasal Epithelium of Asthmatics. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:366-377. [PMID: 33989148 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0553oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Current-smoking contributes to worsened asthma prognosis, more severe symptoms and limits the beneficial effects of corticosteroids. As the nasal epithelium can reflect smoking-induced changes in the lower airways, it is a relevant source to investigate changes in gene expression and DNA methylation. This study explores gene expression and DNA methylation changes in current and ex-smokers with asthma. Matched gene expression and epigenome-wide DNA methylation samples collected from nasal brushings of 55 patients enrolled in a clinical trial investigation of current and ex-smoker asthma patients were analysed. Differential gene expression and DNA methylation analyses were conducted comparing current- vs ex-smokers. Expression quantitative trait methylation (eQTM) analysis was completed to explore smoking relevant genes by CpG sites that differ between current and ex-smokers. To investigate the relevance of the smoking-associated DNA methylation changes for the lower airways, significant CpG sites were explored in bronchial biopsies from patients who had stopped smoking. 809 genes and 18,814 CpG sites were differentially associated with current-smoking in the nose. The cis-eQTM analysis uncovered 171 CpG sites whose methylation status associated with smoking-related gene expression, including AHRR, ALDH3A1, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1. Methylation status of CpG sites altered by current-smoking reversed with one-year smoking cessation. We confirm current-smoking alters epigenetic patterns and affects gene expression in the nasal epithelium of asthma patients, which is partially reversible in bronhcial biopsies after smoking cessation. We demonstrate the ability to discern molecular changes in the nasal epithelium, presenting this as a tool in future investigations into disease-relevant effects of tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karosham D Reddy
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, 104349, Cell Biology, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Technology Sydney, 1994, School of Life Sciences, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Andy Lan
- University of Groningen, 3647, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, Netherlands.,University of Groningen, 3647, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ilse M Boudewijn
- University of Groningen, 3647, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, Netherlands.,University of Groningen, 3647, GRIAC Research Insitute, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Senani N H Rathnayake
- University of Technology Sydney, 1994, Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology (RBMB) group,, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- University of Groningen, 3647, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergy, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Groningen, Netherlands.,University of Groningen, 3647, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC research institute, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, 104349, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Technology Sydney, 1994, School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- University of Groningen, 3647, University Medical Center, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, Netherlands.,University Medical Center Göttingen, 84922, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Gottingen, Germany
| | - Alen Faiz
- University of Technology Sydney, 1994, Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology (RBMB), School of Life Sciences, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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19
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Gautron A, Bachelot L, Aubry M, Leclerc D, Quéméner AM, Corre S, Rambow F, Paris A, Tardif N, Leclair HM, Marin‐Bejar O, Coulouarn C, Marine J, Galibert M, Gilot D. CRISPR screens identify tumor-promoting genes conferring melanoma cell plasticity and resistance. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13466. [PMID: 33724679 PMCID: PMC8103100 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Most genetic alterations that drive melanoma development and resistance to targeted therapy have been uncovered. In contrast, and despite their increasingly recognized contribution, little is known about the non-genetic mechanisms that drive these processes. Here, we performed in vivo gain-of-function CRISPR screens and identified SMAD3, BIRC3, and SLC9A5 as key actors of BRAFi resistance. We show that their expression levels increase during acquisition of BRAFi resistance and remain high in persister cells and during relapse. The upregulation of the SMAD3 transcriptional activity (SMAD3-signature) promotes a mesenchymal-like phenotype and BRAFi resistance by acting as an upstream transcriptional regulator of potent BRAFi-resistance genes such as EGFR and AXL. This SMAD3-signature predicts resistance to both current melanoma therapies in different cohorts. Critically, chemical inhibition of SMAD3 may constitute amenable target for melanoma since it efficiently abrogates persister cells survival. Interestingly, decrease of SMAD3 activity can also be reached by inhibiting the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR), another druggable transcription factor governing SMAD3 expression level. Our work highlights novel drug vulnerabilities that can be exploited to develop long-lasting antimelanoma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Gautron
- CNRSIGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes)‐UMR 6290Univ RennesRennesFrance
| | - Laura Bachelot
- CNRSIGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes)‐UMR 6290Univ RennesRennesFrance
| | - Marc Aubry
- CNRSIGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes)‐UMR 6290Univ RennesRennesFrance
- Plateforme GEH, CNRS, InsermBIOSIT ‐ UMS 3480, US_S 018Univ RennesRennesFrance
| | | | - Anaïs M Quéméner
- CNRSIGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes)‐UMR 6290Univ RennesRennesFrance
| | - Sébastien Corre
- CNRSIGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes)‐UMR 6290Univ RennesRennesFrance
| | - Florian Rambow
- Department of OncologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- VIB Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
| | - Anaïs Paris
- CNRSIGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes)‐UMR 6290Univ RennesRennesFrance
| | - Nina Tardif
- CNRSIGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes)‐UMR 6290Univ RennesRennesFrance
| | - Héloïse M Leclair
- CNRSIGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes)‐UMR 6290Univ RennesRennesFrance
| | - Oskar Marin‐Bejar
- Department of OncologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- VIB Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Jean‐Christophe Marine
- Department of OncologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- VIB Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
| | - Marie‐Dominique Galibert
- CNRSIGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes)‐UMR 6290Univ RennesRennesFrance
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire et GénomiqueCHU RennesRennesFrance
| | - David Gilot
- CNRSIGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes)‐UMR 6290Univ RennesRennesFrance
- Present address:
INSERM U1242Centre Eugène MarquisRennesFrance
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20
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Desmet NM, Dhusia K, Qi W, Doseff AI, Bhattacharya S, Gilad AA. Bioengineering of Genetically Encoded Gene Promoter Repressed by the Flavonoid Apigenin for Constructing Intracellular Sensor for Molecular Events. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11050137. [PMID: 33924783 PMCID: PMC8147076 DOI: 10.3390/bios11050137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, Synthetic Biology has emerged as a new discipline where functions that were traditionally performed by electronic devices are replaced by "cellular devices"; genetically encoded circuits constructed of DNA that are built from biological parts (aka bio-parts). The cellular devices can be used for sensing and responding to natural and artificial signals. However, a major challenge in the field is that the crosstalk between many cellular signaling pathways use the same signaling endogenous molecules that can result in undesired activation. To overcome this problem, we utilized a specific promoter that can activate genes with a natural, non-toxic ligand at a highly-induced transcription level with low background or undesirable off-target expression. Here we used the orphan aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor that upon activation binds to specific AHR response elements (AHRE) of the Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1) promoter. Flavonoids have been identified as AHR ligands. Data presented here show the successful creation of a synthetic gene "off" switch that can be monitored directly using an optical reporter gene. This is the first step towards bioengineering of a synthetic, nanoscale bio-part for constructing a sensor for molecular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Desmet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (N.M.D.); (K.D.); (W.Q.); (S.B.)
- Division of Synthetic Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kalyani Dhusia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (N.M.D.); (K.D.); (W.Q.); (S.B.)
| | - Wenjie Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (N.M.D.); (K.D.); (W.Q.); (S.B.)
| | - Andrea I. Doseff
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sudin Bhattacharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (N.M.D.); (K.D.); (W.Q.); (S.B.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Assaf A. Gilad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (N.M.D.); (K.D.); (W.Q.); (S.B.)
- Division of Synthetic Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence:
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21
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Watzky M, de Dieuleveult M, Letessier A, Saint-Ruf C, Miotto B. Assessing the consequences of environmental exposures on the expression of the human receptor and proteases involved in SARS-CoV-2 cell-entry. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110317. [PMID: 33069705 PMCID: PMC7560643 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of environmental condition on the infection by the novel pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 virus remains uncertain. In here, exploiting a large panel of publicly available genome-wide data, we investigated whether the human receptor ACE2 and human proteases TMPRSS2, FURIN and CATHEPSINs (B, L and V), which are involved in SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, are transcriptionally regulated by environmental cues. We report that more than 50 chemicals modulate the expression of ACE2 or human proteases important for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. We further demonstrate that transcription factor AhR, which is commonly activated by pollutants, binds to the promoter of TMPRSS2 and enhancers and/or promoters of Cathepsin B, L and V encoding genes. Our exploratory study documents an influence of environmental exposures on the expression of genes involved in SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. These results could be conceptually and medically relevant to our understanding of the COVID-19 disease, and should be further explored in laboratory and epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Watzky
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Maud de Dieuleveult
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Anne Letessier
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Claude Saint-Ruf
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Benoit Miotto
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014, PARIS, France.
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22
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Vogel CFA, Lazennec G, Kado SY, Dahlem C, He Y, Castaneda A, Ishihara Y, Vogeley C, Rossi A, Haarmann-Stemmann T, Jugan J, Mori H, Borowsky AD, La Merrill MA, Sweeney C. Targeting the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer Development. Front Immunol 2021; 12:625346. [PMID: 33763068 PMCID: PMC7982668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.625346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) through environmental exposure to known human carcinogens including dioxins can lead to the promotion of breast cancer. While the repressor protein of the AhR (AhRR) blocks the canonical AhR pathway, the function of AhRR in the development of breast cancer is not well-known. In the current study we examined the impact of suppressing AhR activity using its dedicated repressor protein AhRR. AhRR is a putative tumor suppressor and is silenced in several cancer types, including breast, where its loss correlates with shorter patient survival. Using the AhRR transgenic mouse, we demonstrate that AhRR overexpression opposes AhR-driven and inflammation-induced growth of mammary tumors in two different murine models of breast cancer. These include a syngeneic model using E0771 mammary tumor cells as well as the Polyoma Middle T antigen (PyMT) transgenic model. Further AhRR overexpression or knockout of AhR in human breast cancer cells enhanced apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutics and inhibited the growth of mouse mammary tumor cells. This study provides the first in vivo evidence that AhRR suppresses mammary tumor development and suggests that strategies which lead to its functional restoration and expression may have therapeutic benefit.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/genetics
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Etoposide/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/genetics
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Time Factors
- Tumor Burden
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph F. A. Vogel
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Sarah Y. Kado
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Carla Dahlem
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Yi He
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Alejandro Castaneda
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Yasuhiro Ishihara
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Christian Vogeley
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Juliann Jugan
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Hidetoshi Mori
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Alexander D. Borowsky
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Michele A. La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Colleen Sweeney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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23
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AhR and Cancer: From Gene Profiling to Targeted Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020752. [PMID: 33451095 PMCID: PMC7828536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that has been shown to be an essential regulator of a broad spectrum of biological activities required for maintaining the body’s vital functions. AhR also plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. Its role in cancer is complex, encompassing both pro- and anti-tumorigenic activities. Its level of expression and activity are specific to each tumor and patient, increasing the difficulty of understanding the activating or inhibiting roles of AhR ligands. We explored the role of AhR in tumor cell lines and patients using genomic data sets and discuss the extent to which AhR can be considered as a therapeutic target.
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24
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Meta-Analysis of Transcriptome Data Detected New Potential Players in Response to Dioxin Exposure in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217858. [PMID: 33113971 PMCID: PMC7672605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioxins are one of the most potent anthropogenic poisons, causing systemic disorders in embryonic development and pathologies in adults. The mechanism of dioxin action requires an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), but the downstream mechanisms are not yet precisely clear. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of all available transcriptome datasets taken from human cell cultures exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Differentially expressed genes from different experiments overlapped partially, but there were a number of those genes that were systematically affected by TCDD. Some of them have been linked to toxic dioxin effects, but we also identified other attractive targets. Among the genes that were affected by TCDD, there are functionally related gene groups that suggest an interplay between retinoic acid, AhR, and Wnt signaling pathways. Next, we analyzed the upstream regions of differentially expressed genes and identified potential transcription factor (TF) binding sites overrepresented in the genes responding to TCDD. Intriguingly, the dioxin-responsive element (DRE), the binding site of AhR, was not overrepresented as much as other cis-elements were. Bioinformatics analysis of the AhR binding profile unveils potential cooperation of AhR with E2F2, CTCFL, and ZBT14 TFs in the dioxin response. We discuss the potential implication of these predictions for further dioxin studies.
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25
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Low HY, Lee YC, Lee YJ, Wang HL, Chen YI, Chien PJ, Li ST, Chang WW. Reciprocal Regulation Between Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxigenase 1 and Notch1 Involved in Radiation Response of Cervical Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061547. [PMID: 32545442 PMCID: PMC7352771 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women around the world. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for cancer initiation, as well as resistance to radiation therapy, and are considered as the effective target of cancer therapy. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) mediates tryptophan metabolism and T cell suppression, but the immune-independent function of IDO1 in cancer behavior is not fully understood. Using tumorsphere cultivation for enriched CSCs, we firstly found that IDO1 was increased in HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cells and in these two cell lines after radiation treatment. The radiosensitivity of HeLa and SiHa tumorsphere cells was increased after the inhibition of IDO1 through RNA interference or by the treatment of INCB-024360, an IDO1 inhibitor. With the treatment of kynurenine, the first breakdown product of the IDO1-mediated tryptophan metabolism, the radiosensitivity of HeLa and SiHa cells decreased. The inhibition of Notch1 by shRNA downregulated IDO1 expression in cervical CSCs and the binding of the intracellular domain of Notch (NICD) on the IDO1 promoter was reduced by Ro-4929097, a γ-secretase inhibitor. Moreover, the knockdown of IDO1 also decreased NICD expression in cervical CSCs, which was correlated with the reduced binding of aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator to Notch1 promoter. In vivo treatment of INCB-0234360 sensitized SiHa xenograft tumors to radiation treatment in nude mice through increased DNA damage. Furthermore, kynurenine increased the tumorsphere formation capability and the expression of cancer stemness genes including Oct4 and Sox2. Our data provide a reciprocal regulation mechanism between IDO1 and Notch1 expression in cervical cancer cells and suggest that the IDO1 inhibitors may potentially be used as radiosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ying Low
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Yueh-Chun Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (S.-T.L.)
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Hui-Lin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (H.-L.W.); (Y.-I.C.); (P.-J.C.)
| | - Yu-I Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (H.-L.W.); (Y.-I.C.); (P.-J.C.)
| | - Peng-Ju Chien
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (H.-L.W.); (Y.-I.C.); (P.-J.C.)
| | - Shao-Ti Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (S.-T.L.)
| | - Wen-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (H.-L.W.); (Y.-I.C.); (P.-J.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-24730022 (ext. 12305)
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26
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Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: Roles of Mitochondria CYP1B1 and Melatonergic Pathways in Co-Ordinating Wider Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164068. [PMID: 31434333 PMCID: PMC6720185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) can be adaptive, as arising from exercise, or pathological, most commonly when driven by hypertension. The pathophysiology of LVH is consistently associated with an increase in cytochrome P450 (CYP)1B1 and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and a decrease in sirtuins and mitochondria functioning. Treatment is usually targeted to hypertension management, although it is widely accepted that treatment outcomes could be improved with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy targeted interventions. The current article reviews the wide, but disparate, bodies of data pertaining to LVH pathoetiology and pathophysiology, proposing a significant role for variations in the N-acetylserotonin (NAS)/melatonin ratio within mitochondria in driving the biological underpinnings of LVH. Heightened levels of mitochondria CYP1B1 drive the ‘backward’ conversion of melatonin to NAS, resulting in a loss of the co-operative interactions of melatonin and sirtuin-3 within mitochondria. NAS activates the brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor, TrkB, leading to raised trophic signalling via cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP)-response element binding protein (CREB) and the MAPKs, which are significantly increased in LVH. The gut microbiome may be intimately linked to how stress and depression associate with LVH and hypertension, with gut microbiome derived butyrate, and other histone deacetylase inhibitors, significant modulators of the melatonergic pathways and LVH more generally. This provides a model of LVH that has significant treatment and research implications.
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27
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Addressing systematic inconsistencies between in vitro and in vivo transcriptomic mode of action signatures. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 58:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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28
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Anderson G. Breast cancer: Occluded role of mitochondria N-acetylserotonin/melatonin ratio in co-ordinating pathophysiology. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 168:259-268. [PMID: 31310736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of factors contribute to the biochemical underpinnings of breast cancer, in the absence of any clear, integrative framework. This article proposes that melatonergic pathway regulation within mitochondria provides an integrative framework for the wide array of data driving breast cancer pathophysiology. As melatonin is toxic to breast cancer cells, its production within mitochondria poses a significant challenge to breast cancer cell survival. Consequently, the diverse plasticity in breast cancer cells may arise from a requirement to decrease mitochondria melatonin synthesis. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor role in breast cancer pathophysiology may be mediated by an increase in cytochrome P450 (CYP)1b1 in mitochondria, leading to the backward conversion of melatonin to N-acetylserotonin (NAS). NAS has distinct effects to melatonin, including its activation of the tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor. TrkB activation significantly contributes to breast cancer cell survival and migration. However, the most important aspect of NAS induction by CYP1b1 in breast cancer cells is the prevention of melatonin effects in mitochondria. Many of the changes occurring in breast cancer cells arise from the need to regulate this pathway in mitochondria, allowing this to provide a framework that integrates a host of previously disparate data, including: microRNAs, estrogen, 14-3-3 proteins, sirtuins, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and the kynurenine pathways. It is also proposed that this framework provides a pathoetiological model incorporating the early developmental regulation of the gut microbiome that integrates breast cancer risk factors, including obesity. This has significant treatment, prevention and research implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London SW1V 1PH, UK.
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29
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Neavin DR, Lee JH, Liu D, Ye Z, Li H, Wang L, Ordog T, Weinshilboum RM. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms at a Distance from Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) Binding Sites Influence AHR Ligand-Dependent Gene Expression. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:983-994. [PMID: 31292129 PMCID: PMC7184190 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.087312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Greater than 90% of significant genome-wide association study (GWAS) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are in noncoding regions of the genome, but only 25.6% are known expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). Therefore, the function of many significant GWAS SNPs remains unclear. We have identified a novel type of eQTL for which SNPs distant from ligand-activated transcription factor (TF) binding sites can alter target gene expression in a SNP genotype-by-ligand–dependent fashion that we refer to as pharmacogenomic eQTLs (PGx-eQTLs)—loci that may have important pharmacotherapeutic implications. In the present study, we integrated chromatin immunoprecipitation-seq with RNA-seq and SNP genotype data for a panel of lymphoblastoid cell lines to identify 10 novel cis PGx-eQTLs dependent on the ligand-activated TF aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)—a critical environmental sensor for xenobiotic (drug) and immune response. Those 10 cis PGx-eQTLs were eQTLs only after AHR ligand treatment, even though the SNPs did not create/destroy an AHR response element—the DNA sequence motif recognized and bound by AHR. Additional functional studies in multiple cell lines demonstrated that some cis PGx-eQTLs are functional in multiple cell types, whereas others displayed SNP-by-ligand–dependent effects in just one cell type. Furthermore, four of those cis PGx-eQTLs had previously been associated with clinical phenotypes, indicating that those loci might have the potential to inform clinical decisions. Therefore, SNPs across the genome that are distant from TF binding sites for ligand-activated TFs might function as PGx-eQTLs and, as a result, might have important clinical implications for interindividual variation in drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew R Neavin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (D.R.N., D.L., H.L., L.W., R.M.W.), Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine (J.-H.L., T.O.), Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.-H.L.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Z.Y.), Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (T.O.), and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine (T.O.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jeong-Heon Lee
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (D.R.N., D.L., H.L., L.W., R.M.W.), Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine (J.-H.L., T.O.), Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.-H.L.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Z.Y.), Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (T.O.), and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine (T.O.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Duan Liu
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (D.R.N., D.L., H.L., L.W., R.M.W.), Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine (J.-H.L., T.O.), Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.-H.L.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Z.Y.), Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (T.O.), and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine (T.O.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Zhenqing Ye
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (D.R.N., D.L., H.L., L.W., R.M.W.), Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine (J.-H.L., T.O.), Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.-H.L.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Z.Y.), Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (T.O.), and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine (T.O.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hu Li
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (D.R.N., D.L., H.L., L.W., R.M.W.), Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine (J.-H.L., T.O.), Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.-H.L.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Z.Y.), Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (T.O.), and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine (T.O.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Liewei Wang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (D.R.N., D.L., H.L., L.W., R.M.W.), Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine (J.-H.L., T.O.), Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.-H.L.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Z.Y.), Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (T.O.), and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine (T.O.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tamas Ordog
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (D.R.N., D.L., H.L., L.W., R.M.W.), Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine (J.-H.L., T.O.), Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.-H.L.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Z.Y.), Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (T.O.), and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine (T.O.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Richard M Weinshilboum
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (D.R.N., D.L., H.L., L.W., R.M.W.), Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine (J.-H.L., T.O.), Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.-H.L.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Z.Y.), Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (T.O.), and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine (T.O.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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30
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Vogel CFA, Ishihara Y, Campbell CE, Kado SY, Nguyen-Chi A, Sweeney C, Pollet M, Haarmann-Stemmann T, Tuscano JM. A Protective Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Repressor in Inflammation and Tumor Growth. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050589. [PMID: 31035533 PMCID: PMC6563059 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is known for mediating the toxicity of environmental pollutants such as dioxins and numerous dioxin-like compounds, and is associated with the promotion of various malignancies, including lymphoma. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AhRR), a ligand-independent, transcriptionally inactive AhR-like protein is known to repress AhR signaling through its ability to compete with the AhR for dimerization with the AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT). While AhRR effectively blocks AhR signaling, several aspects of the mechanism of AhRR’s functions are poorly understood, including suppression of inflammatory responses and its putative role as a tumor suppressor. In a transgenic mouse that overexpresses AhRR (AhRR Tg) we discovered that these mice suppress 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)- and inflammation-induced tumor growth after subcutaneous challenge of EL4 lymphoma cells. Using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) we found that AhRR overexpression suppresses the AhR-mediated anti-apoptotic response. The AhRR-mediated inhibition of apoptotic resistance was associated with a suppressed expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, which was dependent on activation of protein kinase A (PKA) and the CAAT-enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ). These results provide mechanistic insights into the role of the AhRR to suppress inflammation and highlight the AhRR as a potential therapeutic target to suppress tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph F A Vogel
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Yasuhiro Ishihara
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan.
| | - Claire E Campbell
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Sarah Y Kado
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Aimy Nguyen-Chi
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Colleen Sweeney
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Marius Pollet
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | | | - Joseph M Tuscano
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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31
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Mohammad‐Hasani A, Hosseinzadeh Colagar A, Fallah A. Association of the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (
AhRR
)‐c.565C>G transversion with male infertility: A case‐control study from Iran. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:8999-9005. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Mohammad‐Hasani
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran Babolsar Iran
| | | | - Ali Fallah
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran Babolsar Iran
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Safe S, Han H, Goldsby J, Mohankumar K, Chapkin RS. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Ligands as Selective AhR Modulators: Genomic Studies. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2018; 11-12:10-20. [PMID: 31453421 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) binds structurally diverse ligands that vary from the environmental toxicant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-B-dioxin (TCDD) to AhR- active pharmaceuticals and health-promoting phytochemicals. There are remarkable differences in the toxicity of TCDD and related halogenated aromatics (HAs) vs. health promoting AhR ligands, and genomic analysis shows that even among the toxic HAs, there are differences in their regulation of genes and pathways. Thus, like ligands for other receptors, AhR ligands are selective AhR modulators (SAhRMs) which exhibit variable tissue-, organ- and species-specific genomic and functional activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology
| | - Huajun Han
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Goldsby
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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