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Bolan S, Sharma S, Mukherjee S, Zhou P, Mandal J, Srivastava P, Hou D, Edussuriya R, Vithanage M, Truong VK, Chapman J, Xu Q, Zhang T, Bandara P, Wijesekara H, Rinklebe J, Wang H, Siddique KHM, Kirkham MB, Bolan N. The distribution, fate, and environmental impacts of food additive nanomaterials in soil and aquatic ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170013. [PMID: 38242452 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Nanomaterials in the food industry are used as food additives, and the main function of these food additives is to improve food qualities including texture, flavor, color, consistency, preservation, and nutrient bioavailability. This review aims to provide an overview of the distribution, fate, and environmental and health impacts of food additive nanomaterials in soil and aquatic ecosystems. Some of the major nanomaterials in food additives include titanium dioxide, silver, gold, silicon dioxide, iron oxide, and zinc oxide. Ingestion of food products containing food additive nanomaterials via dietary intake is considered to be one of the major pathways of human exposure to nanomaterials. Food additive nanomaterials reach the terrestrial and aquatic environments directly through the disposal of food wastes in landfills and the application of food waste-derived soil amendments. A significant amount of ingested food additive nanomaterials (> 90 %) is excreted, and these nanomaterials are not efficiently removed in the wastewater system, thereby reaching the environment indirectly through the disposal of recycled water and sewage sludge in agricultural land. Food additive nanomaterials undergo various transformation and reaction processes, such as adsorption, aggregation-sedimentation, desorption, degradation, dissolution, and bio-mediated reactions in the environment. These processes significantly impact the transport and bioavailability of nanomaterials as well as their behaviour and fate in the environment. These nanomaterials are toxic to soil and aquatic organisms, and reach the food chain through plant uptake and animal transfer. The environmental and health risks of food additive nanomaterials can be overcome by eliminating their emission through recycled water and sewage sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Healthy Environments And Lives (HEAL) National Research Network, Canberra, Australia
| | - Shailja Sharma
- School of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Santanu Mukherjee
- School of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Pingfan Zhou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jajati Mandal
- School of Science, Engineering & Environment, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK
| | - Prashant Srivastava
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Environment, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Randima Edussuriya
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Vi Khanh Truong
- Biomedical Nanoengineering Laboratory, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - James Chapman
- University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Qing Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Pramod Bandara
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka
| | - Hasintha Wijesekara
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - M B Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Healthy Environments And Lives (HEAL) National Research Network, Canberra, Australia.
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Bianchi MG, Chiu M, Taurino G, Bergamaschi E, Turroni F, Mancabelli L, Longhi G, Ventura M, Bussolati O. Amorphous silica nanoparticles and the human gut microbiota: a relationship with multiple implications. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:45. [PMID: 38291460 PMCID: PMC10826219 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Amorphous silica nanoparticles (ASNP) are among the nanomaterials that are produced in large quantities. ASNP have been present for a long time in several fast-moving consumer products, several of which imply exposure of the gastrointestinal tract, such as toothpastes, food additives, drug excipients, and carriers. Consolidated use and experimental evidence have consistently pointed to the very low acute toxicity and limited absorption of ASNP. However, slow absorption implies prolonged exposure of the intestinal epithelium to ASNP, with documented effects on intestinal permeability and immune gut homeostasis. These effects could explain the hepatic toxicity observed after oral administration of ASNP in animals. More recently, the role of microbiota in these and other ASNP effects has attracted increasing interest in parallel with the recognition of the role of microbiota in a variety of conditions. Although evidence for nanomaterial effects on microbiota is particularly abundant for materials endowed with bactericidal activities, a growing body of recent experimental data indicates that ASNPs also modify microbiota. The implications of these effects are recounted in this contribution, along with a discussion of the more important open issues and recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano G Bianchi
- Lab. of General Pathology, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Martina Chiu
- Lab. of General Pathology, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Taurino
- Lab. of General Pathology, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Turroni
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mancabelli
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Longhi
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ovidio Bussolati
- Lab. of General Pathology, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Erstling JA, Bag N, Gardinier TC, Kohle FFE, DomNwachukwu N, Butler SD, Kao T, Ma K, Turker MZ, Feuer GB, Lee R, Naguib N, Tallman JF, Malarkey HF, Tsaur L, Moore WL, Chapman DV, Aubert T, Mehta S, Cerione RA, Weiss RS, Baird BA, Wiesner UB. Overcoming Barriers Associated with Oral Delivery of Differently Sized Fluorescent Core-Shell Silica Nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305937. [PMID: 37689973 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Oral delivery, while a highly desirable form of nanoparticle-drug administration, is limited by challenges associated with overcoming several biological barriers. Here, the authors study how fluorescent and poly(ethylene glycol)-coated (PEGylated) core-shell silica nanoparticles sized 5 to 50 nm interact with major barriers including intestinal mucus, intestinal epithelium, and stomach acid. From imaging fluorescence correlation spectroscopy studies using quasi-total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, diffusion of nanoparticles through highly scattering mucus is progressively hindered above a critical hydrodynamic size around 20 nm. By studying Caco-2 cell monolayers mimicking the intestinal epithelia, it is observed that ultrasmall nanoparticles below 10 nm diameter (Cornell prime dots, [C' dots]) show permeabilities correlated with high absorption in humans from primarily enhanced passive passage through tight junctions. Particles above 20 nm diameter exclusively show active transport through cells. After establishing C' dot stability in artificial gastric juice, in vivo oral gavage experiments in mice demonstrate successful passage through the body followed by renal clearance without protein corona formation. Results suggest C' dots as viable candidates for oral administration to patients with a proven pathway towards clinical translation and may generate renewed interest in examining silica as a food additive and its effects on nutrition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Erstling
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Nirmalya Bag
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Thomas C Gardinier
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ferdinand F E Kohle
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Naedum DomNwachukwu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Scott D Butler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Teresa Kao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Melik Z Turker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Grant B Feuer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Rachel Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Nada Naguib
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - James F Tallman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Henry F Malarkey
- Department of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Lieihn Tsaur
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - William L Moore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Dana V Chapman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Tangi Aubert
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Saurabh Mehta
- Center for Precision Nutrition and Health, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Richard A Cerione
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Robert S Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Barbara A Baird
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ulrich B Wiesner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Lin Y, Deng H, Deng F, Yao S, Deng X, Cheng Y, Chen Y, He B, Dai W, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Wang X. Remodeling of intestinal epithelium derived extracellular vesicles by nanoparticles and its bioeffect on tumor cell migration. J Control Release 2024; 365:60-73. [PMID: 37972765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an effective tool to elucidate the bioeffect of nanomedicines. To clarify the interaction between oral nanomedicines and intestinal epithelial cells, and their bioeffects on downstream cells, polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) with different sizes were used as the model nanomedicines for EVs induction. Caco-2 monolayers were selected as the model of the intestinal epithelium and DLD-1 cells as the colorectal cancer model proximal to the gastrointestinal tract. It is found that compared with small-sized (25, 50, 100 nm) PS-NPs, the large-sized (200 and 500 nm) exhibited higher co-localization with multivesicular bodies and lysosomes, and more significant reduction of lysosomal acidification in Caco-2 cells. Proteomic and western-blotting analysis showed that the EVs remodeled by large-sized PS-NPs exhibited a higher extent of protein expression changes. The in vitro and in vivo signaling pathway detection in DLD-1 cells and DLD-1 cell xenograft nude mice showed that the remodeled EVs by large-sized PS-NPs inhibited the activation of multiple signaling pathways including Notch3, EGF/EGFR, and PI3K/Akt pathways, which resulted in the inhibition of tumor cell migration. These results primarily clarify the regulation mechanisms of nanomedicines-EVs-receptor cells chain. It provides a new perspective for the rational design and bioeffect evaluation of oral drug nanomaterials and sets up the fundamental knowledge for novel tumor therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hailiang Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Feiyang Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Siyu Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinxin Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuxi Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Institute for Drug Control, Guangzhou 510700, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Bing He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Wenbing Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Guangzhou 510700, China.
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5
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Ding R, Li Y, Yu Y, Sun Z, Duan J. Prospects and hazards of silica nanoparticles: Biological impacts and implicated mechanisms. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108277. [PMID: 37923235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
With the thrive of nanotechnology, silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have been extensively adopted in the agriculture, food, cosmetic, and even biomedical industries. Due to the mass production and use, SiNPs inevitably entered the environment, resulting in ecological toxicity and even posing a threat to human health. Although considerable investigations have been conducted to assess the toxicity of SiNPs, the correlation between SiNPs exposure and consequent health risks remains ambiguous. Since the biological impacts of SiNPs can differ from their design and application, the toxicity assessment for SiNPs may be extremely difficult. This review discussed the application of SiNPs in different fields, especially their biomedical use, and documented their potential release pathways into the environment. Meanwhile, the current process of assessing SiNPs-related toxicity on various model organisms and cell lines was also detailed, thus estimating the health threats posed by SiNPs exposure. Finally, the potential toxic mechanisms of SiNPs were also elaborated based on results obtained from both in vivo and in vitro trials. This review generally summarizes the biological effects of SiNPs, which will build up a comprehensive perspective of the application and toxicity of SiNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Ding
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Pat Y, Ogulur I, Yazici D, Mitamura Y, Cevhertas L, Küçükkase OC, Mesisser SS, Akdis M, Nadeau K, Akdis CA. Effect of altered human exposome on the skin and mucosal epithelial barrier integrity. Tissue Barriers 2023; 11:2133877. [PMID: 36262078 PMCID: PMC10606824 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2133877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollution in the world and exposure of humans and nature to toxic substances is continuously worsening at a rapid pace. In the last 60 years, human and domestic animal health has been challenged by continuous exposure to toxic substances and pollutants because of uncontrolled growth, modernization, and industrialization. More than 350,000 new chemicals have been introduced to our lives, mostly without any reasonable control of their health effects and toxicity. A plethora of studies show exposure to these harmful substances during this period with their implications on the skin and mucosal epithelial barrier and increasing prevalence of allergic and autoimmune diseases in the context of the "epithelial barrier hypothesis". Exposure to these substances causes an epithelial injury with peri-epithelial inflammation, microbial dysbiosis and bacterial translocation to sub-epithelial areas, and immune response to dysbiotic bacteria. Here, we provide scientific evidence on the altered human exposome and its impact on epithelial barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagiz Pat
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aydin Menderes University, Turkey
| | - Ismail Ogulur
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Duygu Yazici
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Yasutaka Mitamura
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Lacin Cevhertas
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Turkey
| | - Ozan C Küçükkase
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Sanne S Mesisser
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
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Cary C, Stapleton P. Determinants and mechanisms of inorganic nanoparticle translocation across mammalian biological barriers. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2111-2131. [PMID: 37303009 PMCID: PMC10540313 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological barriers protect delicate internal tissues from exposures to and interactions with hazardous materials. Primary anatomical barriers prevent external agents from reaching systemic circulation and include the pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and dermal barriers. Secondary barriers include the blood-brain, blood-testis, and placental barriers. The tissues protected by secondary barriers are particularly sensitive to agents in systemic circulation. Neurons of the brain cannot regenerate and therefore must have limited interaction with cytotoxic agents. In the testis, the delicate process of spermatogenesis requires a specific milieu distinct from the blood. The placenta protects the developing fetus from compounds in the maternal circulation that would impair limb or organ development. Many biological barriers are semi-permeable, allowing only materials or chemicals, with a specific set of properties, that easily pass through or between cells. Nanoparticles (particles less than 100 nm) have recently drawn specific concern due to the possibility of biological barrier translocation and contact with distal tissues. Current evidence suggests that nanoparticles translocate across both primary and secondary barriers. It is known that the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles can affect biological interactions, and it has been shown that nanoparticles can breach primary and some secondary barriers. However, the mechanism by which nanoparticles cross biological barriers has yet to be determined. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize how different nanoparticle physicochemical properties interact with biological barriers and barrier products to govern translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Cary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Phoebe Stapleton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Xu K, Mittal K, Ewald J, Rulli S, Jakubowski JL, George S, Basu N. Transcriptomic points of departure calculated from human intestinal cells exposed to dietary nanoparticles. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 170:113501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Asad S, Jacobsen AC, Teleki A. Inorganic nanoparticles for oral drug delivery: opportunities, barriers, and future perspectives. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2022.100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Stalder T, Zaiter T, El-Basset W, Cornu R, Martin H, Diab-Assaf M, Béduneau A. Interaction and toxicity of ingested nanoparticles on the intestinal barrier. Toxicology 2022; 481:153353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wu J, Zhu Z, Liu W, Zhang Y, Kang Y, Liu J, Hu C, Wang R, Zhang M, Chen L, Shao L. How Nanoparticles Open the Paracellular Route of Biological Barriers: Mechanisms, Applications, and Prospects. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15627-15652. [PMID: 36121682 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biological barriers are essential physiological protective systems and obstacles to drug delivery. Nanoparticles (NPs) can access the paracellular route of biological barriers, either causing adverse health impacts on humans or producing therapeutic opportunities. This Review introduces the structural and functional influences of NPs on the key components that govern the paracellular route, mainly tight junctions, adherens junctions, and cytoskeletons. Furthermore, we evaluate their interaction mechanisms and address the influencing factors that determine the ability of NPs to open the paracellular route, which provides a better knowledge of how NPs can open the paracellular route in a safer and more controllable way. Finally, we summarize limitations in the research models and methodologies of the existing research in the field and provide future research direction. This Review demonstrates the in-depth causes for the reversible opening or destruction of the integrity of barriers generated by NPs; more importantly, it contributes insights into the design of NP-based medications to boost paracellular drug delivery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Wu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yiyuan Kang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ruolan Wang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Manjin Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou 510515, China
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12
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Antonello G, Marucco A, Gazzano E, Kainourgios P, Ravagli C, Gonzalez-Paredes A, Sprio S, Padín-González E, Soliman MG, Beal D, Barbero F, Gasco P, Baldi G, Carriere M, Monopoli MP, Charitidis CA, Bergamaschi E, Fenoglio I, Riganti C. Changes of physico-chemical properties of nano-biomaterials by digestion fluids affect the physiological properties of epithelial intestinal cells and barrier models. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:49. [PMID: 35854319 PMCID: PMC9297619 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The widespread use of nano-biomaterials (NBMs) has increased the chance of human exposure. Although ingestion is one of the major routes of exposure to NBMs, it is not thoroughly studied to date. NBMs are expected to be dramatically modified following the transit into the oral-gastric-intestinal (OGI) tract. How these transformations affect their interaction with intestinal cells is still poorly understood. NBMs of different chemical nature—lipid-surfactant nanoparticles (LSNPs), carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), surface modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles (FNPs) and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HNPs)—were treated in a simulated human digestive system (SHDS) and then characterised. The biological effects of SHDS-treated and untreated NBMs were evaluated on primary (HCoEpiC) and immortalised (Caco-2, HCT116) epithelial intestinal cells and on an intestinal barrier model. Results The application of the in vitro SDHS modified the biocompatibility of NBMs on gastrointestinal cells. The differences between SHDS-treated and untreated NBMs could be attributed to the irreversible modification of the NBMs in the SHDS. Aggregation was detected for all NBMs regardless of their chemical nature, while pH- or enzyme-mediated partial degradation was detected for hydroxyapatite or polymer-coated iron oxide nanoparticles and lipid nanoparticles, respectively. The formation of a bio-corona, which contains proteases, was also demonstrated on all the analysed NBMs. In viability assays, undifferentiated primary cells were more sensitive than immortalised cells to digested NBMs, but neither pristine nor treated NBMs affected the intestinal barrier viability and permeability. SHDS-treated NBMs up-regulated the tight junction genes (claudin 3 and 5, occludin, zonula occludens 1) in intestinal barrier, with different patterns between each NBM, and increase the expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-22, IL-10). Notably, none of these NBMs showed any significant genotoxic effect. Conclusions Overall, the results add a piece of evidence on the importance of applying validated in vitro SHDS models for the assessment of NBM intestinal toxicity/biocompatibility. We propose the association of chemical and microscopic characterization, SHDS and in vitro tests on both immortalised and primary cells as a robust screening pipeline useful to monitor the changes in the physico-chemical properties of ingested NBMs and their effects on intestinal cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00491-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Antonello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy.,Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia, 94, 10126, Turin, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Arianna Marucco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Gazzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Kainourgios
- Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St., 15780, Zographos, Athens, Greece
| | - Costanza Ravagli
- Colorobbia Consulting Srl, Headwork, Via Pietramarina, 53, 50059, Sovigliana, Vinci, FI, Italy
| | | | - Simone Sprio
- National Research Council, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics ISTEC-CNR, Via Granarolo 64, 48018, Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Esperanza Padín-González
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mahmoud G Soliman
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David Beal
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES-CIBEST, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Francesco Barbero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Gasco
- Nanovector Srl, Headwork, Via Livorno 60, 10144, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Baldi
- Colorobbia Consulting Srl, Headwork, Via Pietramarina, 53, 50059, Sovigliana, Vinci, FI, Italy
| | - Marie Carriere
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES-CIBEST, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marco P Monopoli
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Costas A Charitidis
- Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St., 15780, Zographos, Athens, Greece
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia, 94, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Ivana Fenoglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy.
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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13
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Huang Y, Li P, Zhao R, Zhao L, Liu J, Peng S, Fu X, Wang X, Luo R, Wang R, Zhang Z. Silica nanoparticles: Biomedical applications and toxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113053. [PMID: 35594717 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are composed of silicon dioxide, the most abundant compound on Earth, and are used widely in many applications including the food industry, synthetic processes, medical diagnosis, and drug delivery due to their controllable particle size, large surface area, and great biocompatibility. Building on basic synthetic methods, convenient and economical strategies have been developed for the synthesis of SiNPs. Numerous studies have assessed the biomedical applications of SiNPs, including the surface and structural modification of SiNPs to target various cancers and diagnose diseases. However, studies on the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of SiNPs remain in the exploratory stage, and the toxicity mechanisms of SiNPs are poorly understood. This review covers recent studies on the biomedical applications of SiNPs, including their uses in drug delivery systems to diagnose and treat various diseases in the human body. SiNP toxicity is discussed in terms of the different systems of the human body and the individual organs in those systems. This comprehensive review includes both fundamental discoveries and exploratory progress in SiNP research that may lead to practical developments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Nephrology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ruikang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Laien Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Shengjun Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Xiaoxuan Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Rongrui Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Zhuhong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
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14
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Zaiter T, Cornu R, Millot N, Herbst M, Pellequer Y, Moarbess G, Martin H, Diab-Assaf M, Béduneau A. Size effect and mucus role on the intestinal toxicity of the E551 food additive and engineered silica nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:165-182. [PMID: 35579945 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2063084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The E551 food additive is composed of synthetic amorphous silica particles. The current regulation does not mention any specifications regarding their size and granulometric distribution, thus allowing the presence of silica nanoparticles despite their potential toxicity. The digestion process could modify their physicochemical properties and then influence their toxicological profile. After physicochemical characterization, subacute toxicity of engineered silica nanoparticles from 20 to 200 nm, native and digested E551 additives were evaluated from in vitro models of the intestinal barrier. Single cultures and a co-culture of enterocytes and mucus-secreting cells were established to investigate the mucus role. Toxicological endpoints including cytotoxicity, ROS production, intestinal permeability increase, and actin filament disruption were addressed after a 7-day exposure. The results showed a size-dependent effect of silica nanoparticles on cytotoxicity and intestinal permeability. A time-dependent disruption of actin filaments was observed in Caco-2 cells. The mucus layer spread on the HT29-MTX single culture acted as an efficient protective barrier while in the co-culture, small nanoparticles were able to cross it to reach the cells. From a hydrodynamic diameter of 70 nm, nanoparticles were not internalized in the intestinal cells, even in mucus-free models. Digestion did not affect the physicochemical properties of the additive. Due to a mean hydrodynamic diameter close to 200 nm, both native and digested E551 additives did not induce any toxic effect in intestinal barrier models. This study emphasized a cutoff size of 70 nm from which the interactions of the E551 additive with intestinal cells would be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghrid Zaiter
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Raphaël Cornu
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Nadine Millot
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303, CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Michaële Herbst
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303, CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Yann Pellequer
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Georges Moarbess
- EDST, Pharmacology and Cancerology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hélène Martin
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- EDST, Pharmacology and Cancerology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Arnaud Béduneau
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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15
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Hao W, Cha R, Wang M, Zhang P, Jiang X. Impact of nanomaterials on the intestinal mucosal barrier and its application in treating intestinal diseases. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 7:6-30. [PMID: 34889349 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00315a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosal barrier (IMB) is one of the important barriers to prevent harmful substances and pathogens from entering the body environment and to maintain intestinal homeostasis. The dysfunction of the IMB is associated with intestinal diseases and disorders. Nanomaterials have been widely used in medicine and as drug carriers due to their large specific surface area, strong adsorbability, and good biocompatibility. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the impact of typical nanomaterials on the IMB and summarize the treatment of intestinal diseases by using nanomaterials. The effects of nanomaterials on the IMB are mainly influenced by factors such as the dosage, size, morphology, and surface functional groups of nanomaterials. There is huge potential and a broad prospect for the application of nanomaterials in regulating the IMB for achieving an optimal therapeutic effect for antibiotics, oral vaccines, drug carriers, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuai Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Ruitao Cha
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Mingzheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Pai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China.
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16
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Shin H, Choi JH, Lee JY. Probing TGF-β1-induced cytoskeletal rearrangement by fluorescent-labeled silica nanoparticle uptake assay. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101137. [PMID: 34584989 PMCID: PMC8453189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeletal proteins are essential in maintaining cell morphology, proliferation, and viability as well as internalizing molecules in phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells. Orderly aligned cytoskeletons are disturbed by a range of biological processes, such as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which is observed in cancer metastasis. Although many biological methods have been developed to detect cytoskeletal rearrangement, simple and quantitative in vitro approaches are still in great demand. Herein, we applied a flow cytometry-based nanoparticle uptake assay to measure the degree of cytoskeletal rearrangement induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). For the assay, silica nanoparticles, selected for their high biocompatibility, were fluorescent-labeled to facilitate quantification with flow cytometry. Human keratinocyte HaCaT cells were treated with different concentrations of TGF-β1 and then exposed to FITC-labeled silica nanoparticles. Increasing concentrations of TGF-β1 induced gradual changes in cytoskeletal rearrangement, as confirmed by conventional assays. The level of nanoparticle uptake increased by TGF-β1 treatment in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that our nanoparticle uptake assay can be used as a quick and non-destructive approach to measure cytoskeletal rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyeRim Shin
- Biometrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyuk Choi
- Biometrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Youn Lee
- Biometrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
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17
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Lotfipour F, Shahi S, Farjami A, Salatin S, Mahmoudian M, Dizaj SM. Safety and Toxicity Issues of Therapeutically Used Nanoparticles from the Oral Route. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9322282. [PMID: 34746313 PMCID: PMC8570876 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9322282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The emerging science of nanotechnology sparked a research attention in its potential benefits in comparison to the conventional materials used. Oral products prepared via nanoparticles (NPs) have garnered great interest worldwide. They are used commonly to incorporate nutrients and provide antimicrobial activity. Formulation into NPs can offer opportunities for targeted drug delivery, improve drug stability in the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, increase drug solubility and bioavailability, and provide sustained release in the GI tract. However, some issues like the management of toxicity and safe handling of NPs are still debated and should be well concerned before their application in oral preparations. This article will help the reader to understand safety issues of NPs in oral drug delivery and provides some recommendations to the use of NPs in the drug industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Lotfipour
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahriar Shahi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Farjami
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sara Salatin
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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18
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Hoffmann P, Burmester M, Langeheine M, Brehm R, Empl MT, Seeger B, Breves G. Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultured cells as a model for studying physiological properties and toxin-induced effects on intestinal cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257824. [PMID: 34618824 PMCID: PMC8496855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious gastrointestinal diseases are frequently caused by toxins secreted by pathogens which may impair physiological functions of the intestines, for instance by cholera toxin or by heat-labile enterotoxin. To obtain a functional model of the human intestinal epithelium for studying toxin-induced disease mechanisms, differentiated enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells were co-cultured with goblet cell-like HT29-MTX cells. These co-cultures formed a functional epithelial barrier, as characterized by a high electrical resistance and the presence of physiological intestinal properties such as glucose transport and chloride secretion which could be demonstrated electrophysiologically and by measuring protein expression. When the tissues were exposed to cholera toxin or heat-labile enterotoxin in the Ussing chamber, cholera toxin incubation resulted in an increase in short-circuit currents, indicating an increase in apical chloride secretion. This is in line with typical cholera toxin-induced secretory diarrhea in humans, while heat-labile enterotoxin only showed an increase in short-circuit-current in Caco-2 cells. This study characterizes for the first time the simultaneous measurement of physiological properties on a functional and structural level combined with the epithelial responses to bacterial toxins. In conclusion, using this model, physiological responses of the intestine to bacterial toxins can be investigated and characterized. Therefore, this model can serve as an alternative to the use of laboratory animals for characterizing pathophysiological mechanisms of enterotoxins at the intestinal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Hoffmann
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marion Burmester
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marion Langeheine
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralph Brehm
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael T. Empl
- Institute for Food Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bettina Seeger
- Institute for Food Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerhard Breves
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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19
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Xu K, Basu N, George S. Dietary nanoparticles compromise epithelial integrity and enhance translocation and antigenicity of milk proteins: An in vitro investigation. NANOIMPACT 2021; 24:100369. [PMID: 35559811 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly being used in the food sector, yet little is known about the potential health risks associated with oral exposure to dietary NPs. In this study, the most widely used NPs in food industry including food grade silicon dioxide (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silver (Ag), along with their non-food grade and bulk counterparts, are characterized for physicochemical properties and molecular, cellular, and intracellular effects on human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2 and HIEC-6). Silver NPs are the most cytotoxic and induce significant cellular changes in oxidative stress, Ca2+ flux and mitochondria function, leading to cellular junction disruption at the lowest exposure concentration. At higher testing concentrations, NPs but not microparticles of SiO2 and TiO2 cause sublethal cellular responses and remodel tight junctions without impairing epithelial integrity. To relate the cellular results to key events in GI disorder progression, NPs are exposed to an in vitro co-culture model for cow's milk allergy comprised of Caco-2 and allergy sera-primed mast cells (LUVA). All particle treatments increase the allergen delivery across intestinal epithelium and subsequent allergy responses. Overall, the study has identified a particle-dependent alteration in intestinal epithelium and highlighted potential safety concerns of dietary NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Dr, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X, Canada
| | - Niladri Basu
- Department of Natural Resource Science, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Dr, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X, Canada
| | - Saji George
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Dr, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X, Canada.
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20
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Ndayishimiye J, Cao Y, Kumeria T, Blaskovich MAT, Falconer JR, Popat A. Engineering mesoporous silica nanoparticles towards oral delivery of vancomycin. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7145-7166. [PMID: 34525166 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01430g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vancomycin (Van) is a key antibiotic of choice for the treatment of systemic methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. However, due to its poor membrane permeability, it is administered parenterally, adding to the cost and effort of treatment. The poor oral bioavailability of Van is mainly due to its physico-chemical properties that limit its paracellular and transcellular transport across gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium. Herein we report the development of silica nanoparticles (SNPs)-based formulations that are able to enhance the epithelial permeability of Van. We synthesized SNPs of different pore sizes (2 nm and 9 nm) and modified their surface charge and polarity by attaching different functional groups (-NH2, -PO3, and -CH3). Van was loaded within these SNPs at a loading capacity in the range of ca. 18-29 wt%. The Van-loaded SNPs exhibited a controlled release behaviour when compared to un-encapsulated Van which showed rapid release due to its hydrophilic nature. Among Van-loaded SNPs, SNPs with large pores showed a prolonged release compared to SNPs with small pores while SNPs functionalised with -CH3 groups exhibited a slowest release among the functionalised SNPs. Importantly, Van-loaded SNPs, especially the large pore SNPs with negative charge, enhanced the permeability of Van across an epithelial cell monolayer (Caco-2 cell model) by up to 6-fold, with Papp values up to 1.716 × 10-5 cm s-1 (vs. 0.304 × 10-5 cm s-1 for un-encapsulated Van) after 3 h. The enhancement was dependent on both the type of SNPs and their surface functionalisation. The permeation enhancing effect of SNPs was due to its ability to transiently open the tight junctions measured by decrease in transepithelial resistance (TEER) which was reversible after 3 h. All in all, our data highlights the potential of SNPs (especially SNPs with large pores) for oral delivery of Van or other antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Ndayishimiye
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Yuxue Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Tushar Kumeria
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - James Robert Falconer
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia. .,Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
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21
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Liu L, Tian C, Dong B, Xia M, Cai Y, Hu R, Chu X. Models to evaluate the barrier properties of mucus during drug diffusion. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120415. [PMID: 33647411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mucus is widely disseminated in the nasal cavity, oral cavity, respiratory tract, eyes, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive tract to prevent the invasion of pathogenic bacteria and toxins. The mucus layer through its continuous secretion can prevent the passage of macromolecular substances such as pathogenic bacteria and toxins, thereby reducing the occurrence of inflammation. Without a doubt, mucus also hinders oral absorption. The physiological and biochemical properties of intestinal mucus and the different types of mucus barrier models need to be predominated. To find ways to increase the bioavailability of drugs in the future, this article summarizes mucus composition, barrier properties, mucus models, and mucoadhesive/mucopenetrating particles to highlight the information they can afford. Collectively, the review seeks to provide a state-of-the-art roadmap for researchers who must contend with this critical barrier to drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Chunling Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Baoqi Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Mengqiu Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Ye Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Rongfeng Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xiaoqin Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
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22
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Hempt C, Hirsch C, Hannig Y, Rippl A, Wick P, Buerki-Thurnherr T. Investigating the effects of differently produced synthetic amorphous silica (E 551) on the integrity and functionality of the human intestinal barrier using an advanced in vitro co-culture model. Arch Toxicol 2020; 95:837-852. [PMID: 33319326 PMCID: PMC7904742 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02957-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
E 551, also known as synthetic amorphous silica (SAS), is the second most produced food additive. However, according to the re-evaluation of E 551 by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in 2018, the amount of available data on the oral toxicity of food grade E 551 is still insufficient for reliable risk assessment. To close this gap, this study aimed to investigate six food-grade SAS with distinct physicochemical properties on their interaction with the intestinal barrier using advanced in vitro intestinal co-cultures and to identify potential structure-activity relationships. A mucus-secreting Caco-2/HT-29/Raji co-culture model was treated with up to 50 µg/ml SAS for 48 h, which represents a dose range relevant to dietary exposure. No effects on cell viability, barrier integrity, microvilli function or the release of inflammatory cytokine were detected after acute exposure. Slight biological responses were observed for few SAS materials on iron uptake and gene expression levels of mucin 1 and G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120). There was no clear correlation between SAS properties (single or combined) and the observed biological responses. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the short-term impact of food-relevant SAS with distinct characteristics on the intestinal epithelium including a range of intestine-specific functional endpoints. In addition, it highlights the importance of using advanced intestinal co-cultures embracing relevant cell types as well as a protective mucus barrier to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the biological response of food additives at the intestinal barrier in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hempt
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cordula Hirsch
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Yvette Hannig
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Rippl
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wick
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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23
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Sun J, Chen F, Chen C, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Tian W, Yu J, Wang K. Intestinal mRNA expression profile and bioinformatics analysis in a methamphetamine-induced mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1669. [PMID: 33490181 PMCID: PMC7812166 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Methamphetamine use has become a serious global public health problem and puts increasing burdens on healthcare services. Abdominal complications caused by methamphetamine use are uncommon and often go ignored by clinicians. The exact intestinal pathological alterations and transcriptomic responses associated with methamphetamine use are not well understood. This study sought to investigate the transcriptome in a methamphetamine-induced mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using next-generation RNA sequencing. Methods Tissues from the ileum of methamphetamine-treated mice (n=5) and control mice (n=5) were dissected, processed and applied to RNA-sequencing. Bioinformatics and histopathological analysis were then performed. The expression profiles of intestinal tissue samples were analyzed and their expression profiles were integrated to obtain the differentially expressed genes and analyzed using bioinformatics. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of the differentially expressed genes were performed using Metascape. Results A total of 326 differentially expressed genes were identified; of these genes, 120 were upregulated and 206 were downregulated. The Gene Ontology analysis showed that the biological processes of the differentially expressed genes were focused primarily on the regulation of cellular catabolic processes, endocytosis, and autophagy. The main cellular components included the endoplasmic and endocytic vesicles, cytoskeleton, adherens junctions, focal adhesions, cell body, and lysosomes. Molecular functions included protein transferase, GTPase and proteinase activities, actin-binding, and protein-lipid complex binding. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, and T-cell receptor signaling pathways. A set of overlapping genes between IBD and methamphetamine-treated intestinal tissues was discovered. Conclusions The present study is the first to analyze intestinal samples from methamphetamine-treated mice using high-throughput RNA sequencing. This study revealed key molecules that might be involved in the pathogenesis of a special type of methamphetamine-induced IBD. These results offer new insights into the relationship between methamphetamine abuse and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxue Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,The Scientific Research Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fengrong Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,The Scientific Research Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,The Scientific Research Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zherui Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,The Scientific Research Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zunyue Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,The Scientific Research Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Weiwei Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,The Scientific Research Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Juehua Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,The Scientific Research Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Kunhua Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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24
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Lama S, Merlin-Zhang O, Yang C. In Vitro and In Vivo Models for Evaluating the Oral Toxicity of Nanomedicines. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2177. [PMID: 33142878 PMCID: PMC7694082 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity studies for conventional oral drug formulations are standardized and well documented, as required by the guidelines of administrative agencies such as the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA) or European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA), and the Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA). Researchers tend to extrapolate these standardized protocols to evaluate nanoformulations (NFs) because standard nanotoxicity protocols are still lacking in nonclinical studies for testing orally delivered NFs. However, such strategies have generated many inconsistent results because they do not account for the specific physicochemical properties of nanomedicines. Due to their tiny size, accumulated surface charge and tension, sizeable surface-area-to-volume ratio, and high chemical/structural complexity, orally delivered NFs may generate severe topical toxicities to the gastrointestinal tract and metabolic organs, including the liver and kidney. Such toxicities involve immune responses that reflect different mechanisms than those triggered by conventional formulations. Herein, we briefly analyze the potential oral toxicity mechanisms of NFs and describe recently reported in vitro and in vivo models that attempt to address the specific oral toxicity of nanomedicines. We also discuss approaches that may be used to develop nontoxic NFs for oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chunhua Yang
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Digestive Disease Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Petite Science Center, Suite 754, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (S.L.); (O.M.-Z.)
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25
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Medina-Reyes EI, Rodríguez-Ibarra C, Déciga-Alcaraz A, Díaz-Urbina D, Chirino YI, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Food additives containing nanoparticles induce gastrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and alterations in animal behavior: The unknown role of oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111814. [PMID: 33068655 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Food additives such as titanium dioxide (E171), iron oxides and hydroxides (E172), silver (E174), and gold (E175) are highly used as colorants while silicon dioxide (E551) is generally used as anticaking in ultra-processed foodstuff highly used in the Western diets. These additives contain nanosized particles (1-100 nm) and there is a rising concern since these nanoparticles could exert major adverse effects due to they are not metabolized but are accumulated in several organs. Here, we analyze the evidence of gastrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and the impact of microbiota on gut-brain and gut-liver axis induced by E171, E172, E174, E175 and E551 and their non-food grade nanosized counterparts after oral consumption. Although, no studies using these food additives have been performed to evaluate neurotoxicity or alterations in animal behavior, their non-food grade nanosized counterparts have been associated with stress, depression, cognitive and eating disorders as signs of animal behavior alterations. We identified that these food additives induce gastrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and alterations in gut microbiota and most evidence points out oxidative stress as the main mechanism of toxicity, however, the role of oxidative stress as the main mechanism needs to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefany I Medina-Reyes
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Carolina Rodríguez-Ibarra
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. de Los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Déciga-Alcaraz
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. de Los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Díaz-Urbina
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de La Alimentación. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. de Los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. de Los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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26
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Tan X, Yin N, Liu Z, Sun R, Gou J, Yin T, Zhang Y, He H, Tang X. Hydrophilic and Electroneutral Nanoparticles to Overcome Mucus Trapping and Enhance Oral Delivery of Insulin. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:3177-3191. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wen Hua Road No. 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Na Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wen Hua Road No. 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zixu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wen Hua Road No. 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Rong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wen Hua Road No. 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jingxin Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wen Hua Road No. 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tian Yin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wen Hua Road No. 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wen Hua Road No. 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wen Hua Road No. 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wen Hua Road No. 103, Shenyang 110016, China
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27
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Hempt C, Kaiser JP, Scholder O, Buerki-Thurnherr T, Hofmann H, Rippl A, Schuster TB, Wick P, Hirsch C. The impact of synthetic amorphous silica (E 551) on differentiated Caco-2 cells, a model for the human intestinal epithelium. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 67:104903. [PMID: 32473318 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For several decades, food-grade synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) have been used as a technological additive to reduce caking of food powders. Human exposure is thus inevitable and safety concerns are taken seriously. The toxicity of silica in general and SAS in particular has been studied extensively. Overall, there is little evidence that food-grade SAS pose any health risks to humans. However, from the available data it was often not clear which type of silica was used. Accordingly, the latest report of the European food safety authority requested additional toxicity data for well-characterised "real food-grade SAS". To close this gap, we screened a panel of ten well-defined, food-grade SAS for potential adverse effects on differentiated Caco-2 cells. Precipitated and fumed SAS with low, intermediate and high specific surface area were included to determine structure-activity relationships. In a physiological dose-range up to 50 μg/ml and 48 h of incubation, none of the materials induced adverse effects on differentiated Caco-2 cells. This held true for endpoints of acute cytotoxicity as well as epithelial specific measures of barrier integrity. These results showed that despite considerable differences in production routes and material characteristics, food-relevant SAS did not elicit acute toxicity responses in intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hempt
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Kaiser
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Scholder
- Nanoscale Materials Science Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Hofmann
- Institute of Materials, Powder Technology Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Rippl
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tobias B Schuster
- Evonik Resource Efficiency GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Peter Wick
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Cordula Hirsch
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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28
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Exposure to Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Disrupts Endothelial Tight and Adherens Junctions and Induces Pulmonary Inflammatory Cell Infiltration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103437. [PMID: 32414036 PMCID: PMC7279309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are frequently encountered nanomaterials in our daily lives. Despite the benefits of ZnONPs in a variety of applications, many studies have shown potential health hazards of exposure to ZnONPs. We have shown that oropharyngeal aspiration of ZnONPs in mice increases lung inflammation. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying pulmonary inflammatory cell infiltration remain to be elucidated. Endothelium functions as a barrier between the blood stream and the blood vessel wall. Endothelial barrier dysfunction may increase infiltration of immune cells into the vessel wall and underlying tissues. This current study examined the effects of ZnONPs exposure on endothelial barriers. ZnONPs exposure increased leukocyte infiltration in the mouse lungs. In endothelial cells, ZnONPs reduced the continuity of tight junction proteins claudin-5 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) at the cell junctions. ZnONPs induced adherens junction protein VE-cadherin internalization from membrane to cytosol and dissociation with β-catenin, leading to reduced and diffused staining of VE-cadherin and β-catenin at cell junctions. Our results demonstrated that ZnONPs disrupted both tight and adherens junctions, compromising the integrity and stability of the junction network, leading to inflammatory cell infiltration. Thus, ZnONPs exposure in many different settings should be carefully evaluated for vascular effects and subsequent health impacts.
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