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Gutierrez CT, Hadrup N, Loizides C, Hafez I, Biskos G, Roursgaard M, Saber AT, Møller P, Vogel U. Absence of genotoxicity following pulmonary exposure to metal oxides of copper, tin, aluminum, zinc, and titanium in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2024. [PMID: 39394842 DOI: 10.1002/em.22634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/14/2024]
Abstract
Inhalation of nanosized metal oxides may occur at the workplace. Thus, information on potential hazardous effects is needed for risk assessment. We report an investigation of the genotoxic potential of different metal oxide nanomaterials. Acellular and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were determined for all the studied nanomaterials. Moreover, mice were exposed by intratracheal instillation to copper oxide (CuO) at 2, 6, and 12 μg/mouse, tin oxide (SnO2) at 54 and 162 μg/mouse, aluminum oxide (Al2O3) at 18 and 54 μg/mouse, zinc oxide (ZnO) at 0.7 and 2 μg/mouse, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and the benchmark carbon black at 162 μg/mouse. The doses were selected based on pilot studies. Post-exposure time points were 1 or 28 days. Genotoxicity, assessed as DNA strand breaks by the comet assay, was measured in lung and liver tissue. The acellular and intracellular ROS measurements were fairly consistent. The CuO and the carbon black bench mark particle were potent ROS generators in both assays, followed by TiO2. Al2O3, ZnO, and SnO2 generated low levels of ROS. We detected no increased genotoxicity in this study using occupationally relevant dose levels of metal oxide nanomaterials after pulmonary exposure in mice, except for a slight increase in DNA damage in liver tissue at the highest dose of CuO. The present data add to the body of evidence for risk assessment of these metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Torero Gutierrez
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Research group for risk-benefit, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark
| | - Charis Loizides
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Iosif Hafez
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - George Biskos
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Roursgaard
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Møller
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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2
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Moen A, Johnsen H, Hristozov D, Zabeo A, Pizzol L, Ibarrola O, Hannon G, Holmes S, Debebe Zegeye F, Vogel U, Prina Mello A, Zienolddiny-Narui S, Wallin H. Inflammation related to inhalation of nano and micron sized iron oxides: a systematic review. Nanotoxicology 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39275857 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2024.2399039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
Inhalation exposure to iron oxide occurs in many workplaces and respirable aerosols occur during thermal processes (e.g. welding, casting) or during abrasion of iron and steel products (e.g. cutting, grinding, machining, polishing, sanding) or during handling of iron oxide pigments. There is limited evidence of adverse effects in humans specifically linked to inhalation of iron oxides. This contrasts to oxides of other metals used to alloy or for coating of steel and iron of which several have been classified as being hazardous by international and national agencies. Such metal oxides are often present in the air at workplaces. In general, iron oxides might therefore be regarded as low-toxicity, low-solubility (LTLS) particles, and are often considered to be nontoxic even if very high and prolonged inhalation exposures might result in diseases. In animal studies, such exposures lead to cancer, fibrosis and other diseases. Our hypothesis was that pulmonary-workplace exposure during manufacture and handling of SPION preparations might be harmful. We therefore conducted a systematic review of the relevant literature to understand how iron oxides deposited in the lung are related to acute and subchronic pulmonary inflammation. We included one human and several in vivo animal studies published up to February 2023. We found 25 relevant studies that were useful for deriving occupational exposure limits (OEL) for iron oxides based on an inflammatory reaction. Our review of the scientific literature indicates that lowering of health-based occupational exposure limits might be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Moen
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helge Johnsen
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Alex Zabeo
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venizia, Italy
| | | | | | - Gary Hannon
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Holmes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adriele Prina Mello
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Håkan Wallin
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
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3
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Wang F, Zhou L, Mu D, Zhang H, Zhang G, Huang X, Xiong P. Current research on ecotoxicity of metal-based nanoparticles: from exposure pathways, ecotoxicological effects to toxicity mechanisms. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1390099. [PMID: 39076413 PMCID: PMC11284070 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1390099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal-based nanoparticles have garnered significant usage across industries, spanning catalysis, optoelectronics, and drug delivery, owing to their diverse applications. However, their potential ecological toxicity remains a crucial area of research interest. This paper offers a comprehensive review of recent advancements in studying the ecotoxicity of these nanoparticles, encompassing exposure pathways, toxic effects, and toxicity mechanisms. Furthermore, it delves into the challenges and future prospects in this research domain. While some progress has been made in addressing this issue, there is still a need for more comprehensive assessments to fully understand the implications of metal-based nanoparticles on the environment and human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Torhinolaryngology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dehong Mu
- Department of Torhinolaryngology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Torhinolaryngology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangming Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Peizheng Xiong
- Department of Torhinolaryngology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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4
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Belting K, Eisenhawer C, Merget R, Brüning T, Monsé C. Zinc fever in a painter and varnisher: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2024; 18:331. [PMID: 38982525 PMCID: PMC11234779 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc fever is well described in medical literature, particularly in workers after handling zinc-containing materials at high temperatures e.g., in the welding of hot-dip galvanized steel sheets. It is not known whether zinc fever also occurs at low temperatures. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of a 33-year-old Caucasian atopic painter and varnisher with work-related dyspnea, sweating, as well as multiple occurrences of fever. He was sent to Institute for Prevention and Occupational medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA) for the evaluation of isocyanate asthma, but an inhalative challenge with hexamethylene diisocyanate was negative. Since symptoms were closely related to the use of zinc coatings at room temperature without adequate protective measures, the diagnosis of zinc fever was made. After exposure cessation the worker immediately became symptom-free. The work as painter and varnisher may be associated with various exposures to hazardous substances. Besides solvents, epoxy compounds and isocyanates, which can cause obstructive respiratory diseases; additionally, zinc-containing agents should be considered as health hazards. CONCLUSIONS This case demonstrates that zinc fever may occur also after application of zinc coatings by spray painting at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Belting
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Christian Eisenhawer
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rolf Merget
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian Monsé
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
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5
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Vogel U, Saber AT, Jacobsen NR, Danielsen PH, Hougaard KS, Hadrup N. Re-evaluation of the occupational exposure limit for ZnO is warranted. Comments on 'Systemic inflammatory effects of zinc oxide particles: is a re-evaluation of exposure limits needed?' by Christian Monsé et al. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:567-569. [PMID: 38038737 PMCID: PMC10794257 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03634-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anne T Saber
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicklas R Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Karin S Hougaard
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Li Y, Li J, Li M, Sun J, Shang X, Ma Y. Biological mechanism of ZnO nanomaterials. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:107-117. [PMID: 37518903 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Modern nanotechnology has made zinc oxide nanomaterials (ZnO NMts) multifunctional, stable, and low cost, enabling them to be widely used in commercial and biomedical fields. With its wide application, the risk of human direct contact and their release into the environment also increases. This review aims to summarize the toxicity studies of ZnO NMts in vivo, including neurotoxicity, inhalation toxicity, and reproductive toxicity. The antibacterial and antiviral mechanisms of ZnO NMts in vitro and the toxicity to eukaryotic cells were summarized. The summary found that it was mainly related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by oxidative stress. It also discusses the potential harm to body and the favorable prospects of the widespread use of antibacterial and antiviral in the future medical field. The review also emphasizes that the dosage and use method of ZnO NMts will be the focus of future biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiwen Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Shang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yonghua Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
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7
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Szűcs-Somlyó É, Lehel J, Májlinger K, Tóth F, Jerzsele Á, Kővágó C. Immune response to zinc oxide inhalation in metal fume fever, and the possible role of IL-17f. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22239. [PMID: 38097754 PMCID: PMC10721908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49430-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal fume fever (MFF) is a work-related disease caused by the inhalation of metal particles, including zinc oxide. Chronic asthma may develop as a long-term consequence of exposure, particularly for welders and metal workers who are most at risk. In this study, we investigated the effects of ZnO fume inhalation on multiple inflammation-related cytokine- and cytokine receptor genes in mice from lung and lymph node samples, to explore the role of these in the pathogenesis of MFF. In our experiments, the animals were treated with a sub-toxic amount of ZnO fume for 4 h a day for 3 consecutive days. Sampling occurred 3 and 12 h post-treatment. We are the first to demonstrate that ZnO inhalation causes extremely increased levels of IL-17f gene expression at both sampling time points, in addition to increased gene expression rates of several other interleukins and cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-13, CXCL5, CSF-3, and IFN-γ. Our animal experiment provides new insights into the immunological processes of early metal fume fever development. IL-17f plays a crucial role in connecting immunological and oxidative stress events. The increased levels of IL-4 and IL-13 cytokines may explain the development of long-term allergic asthma after exposure to ZnO nanoparticles, which is well-known among welders, smelters, and metal workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Szűcs-Somlyó
- Department of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Istvan str. 2., 1078, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Lehel
- Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine, Istvan str. 2., 1078, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Kornél Májlinger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Bertalan Lajos str. 7., 1111, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-BME Lendület Composite Research Group, Bertalan Lajos str. 7., 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina Tóth
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Istvan str. 2., 1078, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ákos Jerzsele
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Istvan Str. 2., 1078, Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine H-1078, Istvan str. 2., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Kővágó
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Istvan Str. 2., 1078, Budapest, Hungary
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8
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Monsé C, Merget R, Bünger J, Pallapies D, Brüning T. Systemic inflammatory effects of zinc oxide particles: is a re-evaluation of exposure limits needed? Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2813-2818. [PMID: 37566122 PMCID: PMC10474974 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to airborne substances such as gases, vapours, and particles remains a relevant health risk in many workplaces. A current topic and cause for discussion is the investigation of the health effects of particles containing zinc oxide (ZnO). Among other data, those collected from our study on human exposure data of ZnO in 2018 prompted the National Research Centre for the Working Environment 2021 to formulate a new, sharply lowered proposed occupational exposure limit (OEL) for zinc in workplaces. Since the publication of the Danish report, further studies have been conducted with ZnO. In the following text, all arguments for deriving this new limit value for zinc from the report are discussed, extended with the more recent data since 2018. It should be noted that especially the application of time extrapolation factors needs further discussion and harmonization between regulatory authorities. From our point of view, the data situation can justify a higher OEL for zinc than that proposed by the Danish National Research Centre for the Working Environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Monsé
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-La-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Rolf Merget
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-La-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bünger
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-La-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Pallapies
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-La-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-La-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
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9
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Hadrup N, Sahlgren N, Jacobsen NR, Saber AT, Hougaard KS, Vogel U, Jensen KA. Toxicity dose descriptors from animal inhalation studies of 13 nanomaterials and their bulk and ionic counterparts and variation with primary particle characteristics. Nanotoxicology 2023:1-34. [PMID: 37300873 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2221728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study collects toxicity data from animal inhalation studies of some nanomaterials and their bulk and ionic counterparts. To allow potential grouping and interpretations, we retrieved the primary physicochemical and exposure data to the extent possible for each of the materials. Reviewed materials are compounds (mainly elements, oxides and salts) of carbon (carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene), silver, cerium, cobalt, copper, iron, nickel, silicium (amorphous silica and quartz), titanium (titanium dioxide), and zinc (chemical symbols: Ag, C, Ce, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Si, Ti, TiO2, and Zn). Collected endpoints are: a) pulmonary inflammation, measured as neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid at 0-24 hours after last exposure; and b) genotoxicity/carcinogenicity. We present the dose descriptors no-observed-adverse-effect concentrations (NOAECs) and lowest-observed-adverse-effect concentrations (LOAECs) for 88 nanomaterial investigations in data-library and graph formats. We also calculate 'the value where 25% of exposed animals develop tumors' (T25) for carcinogenicity studies. We describe how the data may be used for hazard assessment of the materials using carbon black as an example. The collected data also enable hazard comparison between different materials. An important observation for poorly soluble particles is that the NOAEC for neutrophil numbers in general lies around 1 to 2 mg/m3. We further discuss why some materials' dose descriptors deviate from this level, likely reflecting the effects of the ionic form and effects of the fiber-shape. Finally, we discuss that long-term studies, in general, provide the lowest dose descriptors, and dose descriptors are positively correlated with particle size for near-spherical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Research group for risk-benefit, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nicklas Sahlgren
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicklas R Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne T Saber
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin S Hougaard
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Keld A Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Szűcs-Somlyó É, Lehel J, Májlinger K, Lőrincz M, Kővágó C. Metal-oxide inhalation induced fever - Immuntoxicological aspects of welding fumes. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 175:113722. [PMID: 36907501 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal fume fever is a well-known occupational disease that arises from prolonged exposure to subtoxic levels of zinc oxide-containing fumes or dust. This review article aims to identify and examine the possible immunotoxicological effects of inhaled zinc oxide nanoparticles. The current most widely accepted pathomechanism for the development of the disease involves the formation of reactive oxygen species following the entry of zinc oxide particles into the alveolus resulting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by activation of the Nuclear Factor Kappa B transcriptional signal, thus evoking the symptoms. The role of metallothionein in inducing tolerance is believed to be a key factor in mitigating the development of metal fume fever. The other, poorly proven hypothetical route is that zinc-oxide particles bind to an undefined protein in the body as haptens to form an antigen and act as an allergen. After activation of the immune system, primary antibodies and immune complexes are developed and type 1. hypersensitivity reaction occurs, that can cause asthmatic dyspnoea, urticaria and angioedema. The development of tolerance is explained by the formation of secondary antibodies against primary antibodies. Oxidative stress and immunological processes cannot be completely separated from each other, as they can induce each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Szűcs-Somlyó
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Lehel
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kornél Májlinger
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Lőrincz
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Kővágó
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Budapest, Hungary.
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11
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Gutierrez CT, Loizides C, Hafez I, Brostrøm A, Wolff H, Szarek J, Berthing T, Mortensen A, Jensen KA, Roursgaard M, Saber AT, Møller P, Biskos G, Vogel U. Acute phase response following pulmonary exposure to soluble and insoluble metal oxide nanomaterials in mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:4. [PMID: 36650530 PMCID: PMC9843849 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute phase response (APR) is characterized by a change in concentration of different proteins, including C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A (SAA) that can be linked to both exposure to metal oxide nanomaterials and risk of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we intratracheally exposed mice to ZnO, CuO, Al2O3, SnO2 and TiO2 and carbon black (Printex 90) nanomaterials with a wide range in phagolysosomal solubility. We subsequently assessed neutrophil numbers, protein and lactate dehydrogenase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, Saa3 and Saa1 mRNA levels in lung and liver tissue, respectively, and SAA3 and SAA1/2 in plasma. Endpoints were analyzed 1 and 28 days after exposure, including histopathology of lung and liver tissues. RESULTS All nanomaterials induced pulmonary inflammation after 1 day, and exposure to ZnO, CuO, SnO2, TiO2 and Printex 90 increased Saa3 mRNA levels in lungs and Saa1 mRNA levels in liver. Additionally, CuO, SnO2, TiO2 and Printex 90 increased plasma levels of SAA3 and SAA1/2. Acute phase response was predicted by deposited surface area for insoluble metal oxides, 1 and 28 days post-exposure. CONCLUSION Soluble and insoluble metal oxides induced dose-dependent APR with different time dependency. Neutrophil influx, Saa3 mRNA levels in lung tissue and plasma SAA3 levels correlated across all studied nanomaterials, suggesting that these endpoints can be used as biomarkers of acute phase response and cardiovascular disease risk following exposure to soluble and insoluble particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Torero Gutierrez
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XSection of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.418079.30000 0000 9531 3915National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charis Loizides
- grid.426429.f0000 0004 0580 3152Atmosphere and Climate Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Iosif Hafez
- grid.426429.f0000 0004 0580 3152Atmosphere and Climate Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Anders Brostrøm
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Wolff
- grid.6975.d0000 0004 0410 5926Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Józef Szarek
- grid.412607.60000 0001 2149 6795Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Trine Berthing
- grid.418079.30000 0000 9531 3915National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alicja Mortensen
- grid.418079.30000 0000 9531 3915National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- grid.418079.30000 0000 9531 3915National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Roursgaard
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XSection of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Thoustrup Saber
- grid.418079.30000 0000 9531 3915National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XSection of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - George Biskos
- grid.426429.f0000 0004 0580 3152Atmosphere and Climate Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus ,grid.5292.c0000 0001 2097 4740Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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12
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Yoon JS, Nam SY, Lee BJ, Lee HJ. Comparative study on the effects of micro- and nano-sized zinc oxide supplementation on zinc-deficient mice. J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e3. [PMID: 36560835 PMCID: PMC9899942 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc (Zn) is an essential cofactor for physiological homeostasis in the body. Zn oxide (ZnO), an inorganic compound that supplies Zn, exists in various sizes, and its bioavailability may vary depending on the size in vivo. However, comparative studies on the nutritional effects of micro-sized ZnO (M-ZnO) and nano-sized ZnO (N-ZnO) supplementation on Zn deficiency (ZnD) animal models have not been reported. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the nutritional bioavailability of N-ZnO and M-ZnO particles in dietary-induced ZnD mice. METHODS Animals were divided into six experimental groups: normal group, ZnD control group, and four ZnO treatment groups (Nano-Low, Nano-High, Micro-Low, and Micro-High). After ZnD induction, N-ZnO or M-ZnO was administered orally every day for 4 weeks. RESULTS ZnD-associated clinical signs almost disappeared 7 days after N-ZnO or M-ZnO administration. Serum Zn concentrations were higher in the Nano-High group than in the ZnD and M-ZnO groups on day 7 of ZnO treatment. In the liver and testis, Nano-Low and Nano-High groups showed significantly higher Zn concentrations than the other groups after 14-day treatment. ZnO supplementation increased Mt-1 mRNA expression in the liver and testis and Mt-2 mRNA expression in the liver. Based on hematoxylin-and-eosin staining results, N-ZnO supplementation alleviated histological damage induced by ZnD in the testis and liver. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that N-ZnO can be utilized faster than M-ZnO for nutritional restoration at the early stage of ZnD condition and presented Mt-1 as an indicator of Zn status in the serum, liver, and testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Seon Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medicine Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Nam
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medicine Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Beom Jun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medicine Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
| | - Hyun Jik Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medicine Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea.,Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
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13
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Zhou S, Wang Y, Yu C, Ding C, He J, Liu Y, Wang H, Ni C. Metal Exposure-Related Welder's Pneumoconiosis and Lung Function: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Container Factory of China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16809. [PMID: 36554689 PMCID: PMC9779211 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Long-term inhalation of welding fume at high exposure can cause welder's pneumoconiosis, and metals in welding dust are associated with respiratory dysfunction. This cross-sectional study, which contains 384 Chinese male workers who were or had been working in a container factory, aimed to assess the potential risk of haemal and urinary metal content in welder's pneumoconiosis. Further, we investigated their effects on lung function parameters. Metal content and lung function were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and spirometer, respectively. The concentration and metal content of respirable dust as well as total dust were collected at this container factory. Lung function of cases with welder's pneumoconiosis was significantly worse, as indicated by lower values of FVC, FVC% predicted, FEV1, FEV1% predicted, MEF25% predicted, and MMEF% predicted (p < 0.05). Results of logistic regression models showed that haemal Cr and Zn were risk factors of welder's pneumoconiosis (OR = 4.98, 95%CI: 1.73-21.20, p = 0.009 for Cr; OR = 5.23, 95%CI: 1.56-41.08, p = 0.033 for Zn) after adjusted with age, BMI, working years, welding dust exposure years, and smoking status. Multiple linear regression models showed that several metals (haemal Cd and Pb; urinary Cd and Fe) were significantly associated with different lung function indices in the welder's pneumoconiosis group. Compared to non-welders, welders were exposed to considerably higher levels of respirable dust, total dust, and six kinds of metals (p < 0.05). In conclusion, haemal Cr and Zn are positively related to welder's pneumoconiosis. Meanwhile, Cd and Pb might worsen lung function in welder's pneumoconiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyun Zhou
- Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Occupational Respiratory Disease, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chunguang Ding
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, Beijing 102300, China
| | - Jiayu He
- Department of Occupational Respiratory Disease, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Huanqiang Wang
- Department of Occupational Respiratory Disease, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chunhui Ni
- Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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14
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Suárez G, Niculita-Hirzel H, Correia D, Pralong JA, Vernez D. A proposed synergetic mechanism for metal fume fever involving ZnO and Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15643. [PMID: 36123527 PMCID: PMC9485229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19956-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal fumes fever (MFF) is an inflammatory condition, whose mechanism is yet unclear, associated with the inhalation of metal fumes, particularly zinc. In this study we investigate experimentally the hypothesis of a two-step mechanism of MFF onset: (1) the photocatalytic production of airborne hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via ZnO and (2) the production of hydroxyl radicals (HOׄ) through Fenton reaction via magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. Photocatalysis and Fenton reaction products were measured using a multiscattering-enhanced absorbance device and assessing the degradation of bromophenol blue with microplate photometry, respectively. We observed that in the presence of UV, ZnO produces 3 to 4-times more H2O2 than UV alone or that non-UV irradiated ZnO. In the presence of biologically-relevant ligands, we also measured a Fenton reaction at physiological pH with either Fe(II), Fe(III) or Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Our results support the hypothesis of a two-step mechanism of MFF onset, in which the prior presence of Fe in the lungs exacerbates the oxidative stress, triggered by the photocatalysis of ZnO, a situation that could occurs when welding galvanized steel. More broadly, this raises the question of the role of the Fenton mechanism in respiratory exposure to metal particles and its possible contribution to other lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Suárez
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health, (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, rte de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Niculita-Hirzel
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health, (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, rte de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Correia
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health, (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, rte de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacques A Pralong
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Vernez
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health, (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, rte de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland.
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15
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Pouget AM, Evrard M, Le Visage L, Battefort F, Delcourt N. Metal fume fever-like syndrome after inhalation of cake decorating luster dust: beware, dangerous frosting! Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2022; 60:1290-1291. [DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2022.2122487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alix-Marie Pouget
- Centre Antipoison [Occitanie Poison Control Center], Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Evrard
- Centre Antipoison [East Poison Control Center], Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Laurine Le Visage
- Centre Antipoison de Paris [Paris Poison Control Center]-Fédération de Toxicologie, Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France
| | - Florent Battefort
- Centre Antipoison [Occitanie Poison Control Center], Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Delcourt
- Centre Antipoison [Occitanie Poison Control Center], Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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16
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Saber AT, Hadrup N, Williams A, Mortensen A, Szarek J, Kyjovska Z, Kurz A, Jacobsen NR, Wallin H, Halappanavar S, Vogel U. Unchanged pulmonary toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles formulated in a liquid matrix for glass coating. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:812-827. [PMID: 36480659 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2152751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The inclusion of nanoparticles can increase the quality of certain products. One application is the inclusion of Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in a glass coating matrix to produce a UV-absorbing coating for glass sheets. Yet, the question is whether the inclusion of ZnO in the matrix induces toxicity at low exposure levels. To test this, mice were given single intratracheal instillation of 1) ZnO powder (ZnO), 2) ZnO in a glass matrix coating in its liquid phase (ZnO-Matrix), and 3) the matrix with no ZnO (Matrix). Doses of ZnO were 0.23, 0.67, and 2 µg ZnO/mouse. ZnO Matrix doses had equal amounts of ZnO, while Matrix was adjusted to have an equal volume of matrix as ZnO Matrix. Post-exposure periods were 1, 3, or 28 d. Endpoints were pulmonary inflammation as bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cellularity, genotoxicity in lung and liver, measured by comet assay, histopathology of lung and liver, and global gene expression in lung using microarrays. Neutrophil numbers were increased to a similar extent with ZnO and ZnO-Matrix at 1 and 3 d. Only weak genotoxicity without dose-response effects was observed in the lung. Lung histology showed an earlier onset of inflammation in material-exposed groups as compared to controls. Microarray analysis showed a stronger response in terms of the number of differentially regulated genes in ZnO-Matrix exposed mice as compared to Matrix only. Activated canonical pathways included inflammatory and cardiovascular ones. In conclusion, the pulmonary toxicity of ZnO was not changed by formulation in a liquid matrix for glass coating.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark.,Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alicja Mortensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jozef Szarek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Zdenka Kyjovska
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Håkan Wallin
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark.,DTU Food, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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17
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Monsé C, Westphal G, Raulf M, Jettkant B, van Kampen V, Kendzia B, Schürmeyer L, Seifert CE, Marek EM, Wiegand F, Rosenkranz N, Wegener C, Merget R, Brüning T, Bünger J. No inflammatory effects after acute inhalation of barium sulfate particles in human volunteers. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:233. [PMID: 35710385 PMCID: PMC9205122 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most threshold limit values are based on animal experiments. Often, the question remains whether these data reflect the situation in humans. As part of a series of investigations in our exposure lab, this study investigates whether the results on the inflammatory effects of particles that have been demonstrated in animal models can be confirmed in acute inhalation studies in humans. Such studies have not been conducted so far for barium sulfate particles (BaSO4), a substance with very low solubility and without known substance-specific toxicity. Previous inhalation studies with zinc oxide (ZnO), which has a substance-specific toxicity, have shown local and systemic inflammatory respones. The design of these human ZnO inhalation studies was adopted for BaSO4 to compare the effects of particles with known inflammatory activity and supposedly inert particles. For further comparison, in vitro investigations on inflammatory processes were carried out. Methods Sixteen healthy volunteers were exposed to filtered air and BaSO4 particles (4.0 mg/m3) for two hours including one hour of ergometric cycling at moderate workload. Effect parameters were clinical signs, body temperature, and inflammatory markers in blood and induced sputum. In addition, particle-induced in vitro-chemotaxis of BaSO4 was investigated with regard to mode of action and differences between in vivo and in vitro effects. Results No local or systemic clinical signs were observed after acute BaSO4 inhalation and, in contrast to our previous human exposure studies with ZnO, no elevated values of biomarkers of inflammation were measured after the challenge. The in vitro chemotaxis induced by BaSO4 particles was minimal and 15-fold lower compared to ZnO. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that BaSO4 as a representative of granular biopersistent particles without specific toxicity does not induce inflammatory effects in humans after acute inhalation. Moreover, the in vitro data fit in with these in vivo results. Despite the careful and complex investigations, limitations must be admitted because the number of local effect parameters were limited and chronic toxicity could not be studied. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-022-02021-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Monsé
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Götz Westphal
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Monika Raulf
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Birger Jettkant
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Vera van Kampen
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kendzia
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Leonie Schürmeyer
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph Edzard Seifert
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eike-Maximilian Marek
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Felicitas Wiegand
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nina Rosenkranz
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christopher Wegener
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rolf Merget
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bünger
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
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18
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Guo T, Fang X, Liu Y, Ruan Y, Hu Y, Wang X, Hu Y, Wang G, Xu Y. Acute lung inflammation induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles: Evolution and intervention via NRF2 activator. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 162:112898. [PMID: 35247504 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are widely used worldwide. Human inhalation exposure to ZnONPs induces acute lung inflammation (ALI); however, the characteristics and therapeutic targets of ALI are unclear. In this study, female C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a single intratracheal instillation of 20 μg of ZnONPs. Increased lung malondialdehyde levels and decreased total antioxidant capacity at 6 h, as well as increased lactate dehydrogenase levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) at 1 day (d) post treatment were observed. A significant inflammatory response was observed at 3 d and 7 d, as evidenced by increased leukocyte numbers and total protein concentration in BALF, and histological abnormalities. Pulmonary NRF2 signaling was significantly activated at 3 d post treatment. To investigate a protective role of NRF2 activator against ZnONP-induced ALI, the mice were intraperitoneally injected with 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-imidazolide (CDDO-Im) (2 mg/kg) 1 d before and 1 d after ZnONPs treatment. CDDO-Im significantly decreased leukocyte numbers and total protein concentration in BALF and pulmonary inflammatory gene expression, and ameliorated histopathological abnormalities induced by ZnONPs. Collectively, the present study indicates that ZnONPs exposure leads to oxidative stress, cell injury and inflammation in the lung successively. Moreover, the NRF2 activator protects against ZnONPs-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyue Guo
- Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yiting Liu
- Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yihui Ruan
- Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xuening Wang
- Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- Experimental Teaching Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Experimental Teaching Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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19
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Phuna ZX, Panda BP, Hawala Shivashekaregowda NK, Madhavan P. Nanoprotection from SARS-COV-2: would nanotechnology help in Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) to control the transmission of COVID-19? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022:1-30. [PMID: 35253535 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2046710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a worldwide outbreak. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus can be transmitted human-to-human through droplets and close contact where personal protective equipment (PPE) is imperative to protect the individuals. The advancement of nanotechnology with significant nanosized properties can confer a higher form of protection. Incorporation of nanotechnology into facemasks can exhibit antiviral properties. Nanocoating on surfaces can achieve self-disinfecting purposes and be applied in highly populated places. Moreover, nano-based hand sanitizers can confer better sterilizing efficacies with low skin irritation as compared to alcohol-based hand sanitizers. The present review discusses the incorporation of nanotechnology into nano-based materials and coatings in facemasks, self-surface disinfectants and hand sanitizers, in the hope to contribute to the current understanding of PPE to combat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xin Phuna
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bibhu Prasad Panda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Schoolof Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Priya Madhavan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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20
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Sauvain JJ, Hemmendinger M, Suárez G, Creze C, Hopf NB, Jouannique V, Debatisse A, Pralong JA, Wild P, Canu IG. Malondialdehyde and anion patterns in exhaled breath condensate among subway workers. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:16. [PMID: 35216613 PMCID: PMC8876786 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Underground transportation systems can contribute to the daily particulates and metal exposures for both commuter and subway workers. The redox and metabolic changes in workers exposed to such metal-rich particles have yet to be characterized. We hypothesize that the distribution of nitrosative/oxidative stress and related metabolic biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) are modified depending on exposures. RESULTS Particulate number and size as well as mass concentration and airborne metal content were measured in three groups of nine subway workers (station agents, locomotive operators and security guards). In parallel, pre- and post-shift EBC was collected daily during two consecutive working weeks. In this biological matrix, malondialdehyde, lactate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, formate, pyruvate, the sum of nitrite and nitrate (ΣNOx) and the ratio nitrite/nitrate as well as metals and nanoparticle concentrations was determined. Weekly evolution of the log-transformed selected biomarkers as well as their association with exposure variables was investigated using linear mixed effects models with the participant ID as random effect. The professional activity had a strong influence on the pattern of anions and malondialdehyde in EBC. The daily number concentration and the lung deposited surface area of ultrafine particles was consistently and mainly associated with nitrogen oxides variations during the work-shift, with an inhibitory effect on the ΣNOx. We observed that the particulate matter (PM) mass was associated with a decreasing level of acetate, lactate and ΣNOx during the work-shift, suggestive of a build-up of these anions during the previous night in response to exposures from the previous day. Lactate was moderately and positively associated with some metals and with the sub-micrometer particle concentration in EBC. CONCLUSIONS These results are exploratory but suggest that exposure to subway PM could affect concentrations of nitrogen oxides as well as acetate and lactate in EBC of subway workers. The effect is modulated by the particle size and can correspond to the body's cellular responses under oxidative stress to maintain the redox and/or metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Sauvain
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Maud Hemmendinger
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Suárez
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Camille Creze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Nancy B Hopf
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Jouannique
- Service Santé-Travail, Autonomous Paris Transport Authority (RATP), 88 Boulevard Sébastopol, 75003, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Debatisse
- Service Santé-Travail, Autonomous Paris Transport Authority (RATP), 88 Boulevard Sébastopol, 75003, Paris, France
| | - Jacques A Pralong
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Wild
- Division of Research Management, National Research and Safety Institute (INRS), Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandoeuvre Cedex, France
| | - Irina Guseva Canu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
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22
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Henn KA, Forsman N, Zou T, Österberg M. Colloidal Lignin Particles and Epoxies for Bio-Based, Durable, and Multiresistant Nanostructured Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:34793-34806. [PMID: 34261310 PMCID: PMC8397241 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for safe and sustainable alternatives in the coating industry. Bio-based coatings are interesting in this perspective. Although various oils and waxes have been used as traditional wood coatings, they often lack sufficient durability. Lignin is an abundant natural polyphenol that can be used to cure epoxies, but its poor water solubility has impeded the use of unmodified lignin in coatings in the past. To address this issue, water-dispersible colloidal lignin particles (CLPs) and an epoxy compound, glycerol diglycidyl ether (GDE), were used to prepare multiprotective bio-based surface coatings. With the GDE/CLP ratios of 0.65 and 0.52 g/g, the cured CLP-GDE films became highly resistant to abrasion and heat. When applied as a coating on wooden substrates, the particulate morphology enabled effective protection against water, stains, and sunlight with very thin layers (less than half the weight of commercial coatings) while retaining the wood's breathability excellently. Optimal hydrophobicity was reached with a coat weight of 6.9 g(CLP)/m2, resulting in water contact angle values of up to 120°. Due to their spherical shape and chemical structure, the CLPs acted as both a hardener and a particulate component in the coating, which removed the need for an underlying binding polymer matrix. Light interferometry measurements showed that while commercial polymeric film-forming coatings smoothened the substrate noticeably, the particulate morphology retained the substrate's roughness in lightweight coatings, allowing for a high water contact angle. This work presents new strategies for lignin applications in durable particulate coatings and their advantages compared to both currently used synthetic and bio-based coatings.
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23
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Cao Y. Potential roles of Kruppel-like factors in mediating adverse vascular effects of nanomaterials: A review. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:4-16. [PMID: 33837572 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of nanotechnology leads to the exposure of human beings to nanomaterials (NMs), and there is a health concern about the adverse vascular effects of NMs. Current data from epidemiology, controlled human exposure, and animal studies suggested that exposure to NMs could induce cardiopulmonary effects. In support of in vivo findings, in vitro studies showed that direct contact of vascular cells with NMs could induce endothelial cell (EC) activation and promote macrophage foam cell formation, although only limited studies showed that NMs could damage vascular smooth muscle cells and promote their phenotypic switch. It has been proposed that NMs induced adverse vascular effects via different mechanisms, but it is still necessary to understand the upstream events. Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) are a set of C2H2 zinc finger transcription factors (TFs) that can regulate various aspects of vascular biology, but currently, the roles of KLF2 in mediating the adverse vascular effects of NMs have gained little attention by toxicologists. This review summarized current knowledge about the adverse vascular effects of NMs and proposed the potential roles of KLFs in mediating these effects based on available data from toxicological studies as well as the current understanding about KLFs in vascular biology. Finally, the challenges in investigating the role of KLFs in vascular toxicology were also summarized. Considering the important roles of KLFs in vascular biology, further studies are needed to understand the influence of NMs on KLFs and the downstream events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Olejnik M, Kersting M, Rosenkranz N, Loza K, Breisch M, Rostek A, Prymak O, Schürmeyer L, Westphal G, Köller M, Bünger J, Epple M, Sengstock C. Cell-biological effects of zinc oxide spheres and rods from the nano- to the microscale at sub-toxic levels. Cell Biol Toxicol 2020; 37:573-593. [PMID: 33205376 PMCID: PMC8384809 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide particles were synthesized in various sizes and shapes, i.e., spheres of 40-nm, 200-nm, and 500-nm diameter and rods of 40∙100 nm2 and 100∙400 nm2 (all PVP-stabilized and well dispersed in water and cell culture medium). Crystallographically, the particles consisted of the hexagonal wurtzite phase with a primary crystallite size of 20 to 100 nm. The particles showed a slow dissolution in water and cell culture medium (both neutral; about 10% after 5 days) but dissolved within about 1 h in two different simulated lysosomal media (pH 4.5 to 4.8). Cells relevant for respiratory exposure (NR8383 rat alveolar macrophages) were exposed to these particles in vitro. Viability, apoptosis, and cell activation (generation of reactive oxygen species, ROS, release of cytokines) were investigated in an in vitro lung cell model with respect to the migration of inflammatory cells. All particle types were rapidly taken up by the cells, leading to an increased intracellular zinc ion concentration. The nanoparticles were more cytotoxic than the microparticles and comparable with dissolved zinc acetate. All particles induced cell apoptosis, unlike dissolved zinc acetate, indicating a particle-related mechanism. Microparticles induced a stronger formation of reactive oxygen species than smaller particles probably due to higher sedimentation (cell-to-particle contact) of microparticles in contrast to nanoparticles. The effect of particle types on the cytokine release was weak and mainly resulted in a decrease as shown by a protein microarray. In the particle-induced cell migration assay (PICMA), all particles had a lower effect than dissolved zinc acetate. In conclusion, the biological effects of zinc oxide particles in the sub-toxic range are caused by zinc ions after intracellular dissolution, by cell-to-particle contacts, and by the uptake of zinc oxide particles into cells. Graphical headlights • The cytotoxicity of zinc oxide particles is mainly due to the intracellular release of zinc ions. • The size and shape of zinc oxide micro- and nanoparticles has only small effects on lung cells in the sub-toxic range. • Zinc oxide particles are rapidly taken up by cells, regardless of their size and shape. • Zinc oxide particles rapidly dissolve after cellular uptake in endolysosomes. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- M Olejnik
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Kersting
- Bergmannsheil University Hospital/Surgical Research, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - N Rosenkranz
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - K Loza
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Breisch
- Bergmannsheil University Hospital/Surgical Research, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Rostek
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - O Prymak
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - L Schürmeyer
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - G Westphal
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - M Köller
- Bergmannsheil University Hospital/Surgical Research, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - J Bünger
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - M Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - C Sengstock
- Bergmannsheil University Hospital/Surgical Research, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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