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Ahmad A, Saleem S. Thymoquinone and Oleuropein Combination Ameliorates Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Attenuating Oxidative Stress in Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.1151.1160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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2
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Ink melanin from Sepiapharaonis ameliorates colitis in mice via reducing oxidative stress, andprotecting the intestinal mucosal barrier. Food Res Int 2022; 151:110888. [PMID: 34980415 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanin is the major component from Sepiapharaonis ink (MSI), and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities indicate the potential for improvement of inflammatory bowel diseases. The study aimed to investigate how orally-administered MSI on alleviating the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) and the potential mechanisms. We found that MSI significantly improved DSS-induced weight loss, colon shortening, hematochezia, DAI score, histopathology, and antioxidant indices (SOD and MDA). Further analysis demonstrated that MSI could significantly down-regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ) and up-regulate the concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by regulating TLR4/NF-κB and NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 signal pathway. Moreover, tight junction proteins in melanin groups were also maintained by ZO-1 and occludin expressions. In addition, MSI also regulated cellular apoptosis by reducing the expression of pro-apoptosis protein Caspase-3. Interestingly, MSI treatments increased the proportion of dominant bacteria (such as Bacteroidetes and Clostridium) and the abundance of community (alpha diversity, β-diversity, etc.), which significantly balanced microbiota in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, oral administration of MSI alleviated DSS-induced colitis by modulating inflammatory cytokines and oxidation stress, maintaining the mucosal barrier, and reverting microbiota changes.
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Hoang G, Nguyen K, Le A. Metabolic Intersection of Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases: Opportunities for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1311:249-263. [PMID: 34014548 PMCID: PMC9703259 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
According to data from the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases and cancer are the two leading causes of mortality in the world [1]. Despite the immense effort to study these diseases and the constant innovation in treatment modalities, the number of deaths associated with cardiovascular diseases and cancer is predicted to increase in the coming decades [1]. From 2008 to 2030, due to population growth and population aging in many parts of the world, the number of deaths caused by cancer globally is projected to increase by 45%, corresponding to an annual increase of around four million people [1]. For cardiovascular diseases, this number is six million people [1]. In the United States, treatments for these two diseases are among the most costly and result in a disproportionate impact on low- and middleincome people. As the fight against these fatal diseases continues, it is crucial that we continue our investigation and broaden our understanding of cancer and cardiovascular diseases to innovate our prognostic and treatment approaches. Even though cardiovascular diseases and cancer are usually studied independently [2-12], there are some striking overlaps between their metabolic behaviors and therapeutic targets, suggesting the potential application of cardiovascular disease treatments for cancer therapy. More specifically, both cancer and many cardiovascular diseases have an upregulated glutaminolysis pathway, resulting in low glutamine and high glutamate circulating levels. Similar treatment modalities, such as glutaminase (GLS) inhibition and glutamine supplementation, have been identified to target glutamine metabolism in both cancer and some cardiovascular diseases. Studies have also found similarities in lipid metabolism, specifically fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and synthesis. Pharmacological inhibition of FAO and fatty acid synthesis have proven effective against many cancer types as well as specific cardiovascular conditions. Many of these treatments have been tested in clinical trials, and some have been medically prescribed to patients to treat certain diseases, such as angina pectoris [13, 14]. Other metabolic pathways, such as tryptophan catabolism and pyruvate metabolism, were also dysregulated in both diseases, making them promising treatment targets. Understanding the overlapping traits exhibited by both cancer metabolism and cardiovascular disease metabolism can give us a more holistic view of how important metabolic dysregulation is in the progression of diseases. Using established links between these illnesses, researchers can take advantage of the discoveries from one field and potentially apply them to the other. In this chapter, we highlight some promising therapeutic discoveries that can support our fight against cancer, based on common metabolic traits displayed in both cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang Hoang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kiet Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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4
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Serum metabolomics approach to monitor the changes in metabolite profiles following renal transplantation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17223. [PMID: 33057167 PMCID: PMC7560840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic metabolic changes after renal transplantation reflect the key processes that are related to graft accommodation. In order to describe and better understand these changes, the 1HNMR based metabolomics approach was used. The changes of 47 metabolites in the serum samples of 19 individuals were interpreted over time with respect to their levels prior to transplantation. Considering the specific repeated measures design of the experiments, data analysis was mainly focused on the multiple analyses of variance (ANOVA) methods such as ANOVA simultaneous component analysis and ANOVA-target projection. We also propose here the combined use of ANOVA and classification and regression trees (ANOVA-CART) under the assumption that a small set of metabolites the binary splits on which may better describe the graft accommodation processes over time. This assumption is very important for developing a medical protocol for evaluating a patient's health state. The results showed that besides creatinine, which is routinely used to monitor renal activity, the changes in levels of hippurate, mannitol and alanine may be associated with the changes in renal function during the post-transplantation recovery period. Specifically, the level of hippurate (or histidine) is more sensitive to any short-term changes in renal activity than creatinine.
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5
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Veljković A, Hadži- Đokić J, Sokolović D, Čukuranović R, Čukuranović-Kokoris J, Bašić D, Đorđević B, Stojanović M, Šmelcerović A, Kocić G. Local and Systemic Oxidative Stress in Balkan Endemic Nephropathy Is Not Associated with Xanthine Oxidase Activity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8209727. [PMID: 32908640 PMCID: PMC7450339 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8209727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) represents a chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy which is followed by the progression of kidney fibrosis to end-stage kidney failure. The critical involvement of poisons in food (aristolochic acid (AA), ochratoxin, and heavy metals) and selenium deficiency are among nutritive factors which contribute to the pathogenesis of BEN, due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) liberation and/or decreased antioxidative defence system. The aim of the study is to distinguish a possible systemic and local origin of ROS through the measurement of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity in urine and plasma, along with the determination of the oxidative changes in lipids and proteins. The study included 50 patients with BEN and 38 control healthy subjects. We noted increased levels of both thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) in the plasma of patients with BEN, compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The urinary levels of AOPPs were higher in patients with BEN in comparison to the control (p < 0.001). The specific activity of XO was significantly lower in plasma and urine in BEN samples, compared to controls (p < 0.005). Based on these results, we hypothesize that XO might not be considered a direct systemic or local contributor to ROS production in BEN, most probably because of the diminished kidney functional tissue mass and/or AA-induced changes in purine nucleotide conformation. The increased AOPP and TBARS level in both plasma and urine in BEN may predict ROS systemic liberation with toxic local effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gordana Kocić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
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6
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Durante W. The Emerging Role of l-Glutamine in Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092092. [PMID: 31487814 PMCID: PMC6769761 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that l-glutamine (Gln) plays a fundamental role in cardiovascular physiology and pathology. By serving as a substrate for the synthesis of DNA, ATP, proteins, and lipids, Gln drives critical processes in vascular cells, including proliferation, migration, apoptosis, senescence, and extracellular matrix deposition. Furthermore, Gln exerts potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in the circulation by inducing the expression of heme oxygenase-1, heat shock proteins, and glutathione. Gln also promotes cardiovascular health by serving as an l-arginine precursor to optimize nitric oxide synthesis. Importantly, Gln mitigates numerous risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, glucose intolerance, obesity, and diabetes. Many studies demonstrate that Gln supplementation protects against cardiometabolic disease, ischemia-reperfusion injury, sickle cell disease, cardiac injury by inimical stimuli, and may be beneficial in patients with heart failure. However, excessive shunting of Gln to the Krebs cycle can precipitate aberrant angiogenic responses and the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. In these instances, therapeutic targeting of the enzymes involved in glutaminolysis such as glutaminase-1, Gln synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and amino acid transaminase has shown promise in preclinical models. Future translation studies employing Gln delivery approaches and/or glutaminolysis inhibitors will determine the success of targeting Gln in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Durante
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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Bothe MK, Berressem D, Abele R, Topp H, Alteheld B, Stehle P, Harleman J, Westphal M, Stover JF. Dipeptiven® improves kidney pathology in a rat model of chronic kidney disease. CLINICAL NUTRITION EXPERIMENTAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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8
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Hu X, Jia M, Fu Y, Zhang P, Zhang Z, Lin Q. Novel Low-Toxic Derivative of Celastrol Maintains Protective Effect against Acute Renal Injury. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:2652-2660. [PMID: 30023844 PMCID: PMC6045326 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to novelly design and synthesize an amide derivative as a potential substitute of celastrol (CLT). We constituted the compound celastrol-glucosamine (CLG) by conjugating 1-(2-aminoethoxy)-2-glucosamine to celastrol (CLT) and confirmed its chemical structure by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and LC-MS/MS. Then, the potential efficacy of the CLG was investigated on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury animal models. The results demonstrated that the decorated compound CLG could completely reverse the disease progression as same as CLT. Furthermore, the toxicity of CLG was also fully evaluated in rat blood, liver, kidney, heart, spleen, lung, and reproductive system. Compared to the performance of CLT on normal organs, CLG could remarkably maintain high safety and significantly reduce the side effects. Taken together, the CLG could keep the same efficacy as CLT while processing lower toxicity in vivo.
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9
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Di Paola R, Fusco R, Gugliandolo E, D'Amico R, Campolo M, Latteri S, Carughi A, Mandalari G, Cuzzocrea S. The Antioxidant Activity of Pistachios Reduces Cardiac Tissue Injury of Acute Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) in Diabetic Streptozotocin (STZ)-Induced Hyperglycaemic Rats. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:51. [PMID: 29467653 PMCID: PMC5808141 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for the development of heart pathology. Myocardial infarction is the cause of death occurring after prolonged ischemia of the coronary arteries. Restoration of blood flow is the first intervention against heart attack, although the process of restoring blood flow to the ischemic myocardium could cause additional injury. This phenomenon, termed myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI-R) injury, is characterized by the formation of oxygen radicals. Pistachios have significant glucose- and insulin-lowering effects and can improve the inflammatory contest by downregulating both the expression and the circulating levels of several metabolic risk markers. The monocyte/macrophage cell line J774 was used to assess the extent of protection by natural raw (NP) and roasted salted (RP) pistachios against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. Moreover, antioxidant activity of NP and RP was assessed in an in vivo model of paw edema in rats induced by carrageenan (CAR) injection in the paw. This study evaluates the antioxidant properties of pistachios on the inflammatory process associated with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) in diabetic rats. Rats were pre-treated with either NP or RP pistachios (30 mg/kg) 18 h prior to the experimental procedure. Results: Here, we demonstrated that treatment with NP reduced myocardial tissue injury, neutrophil infiltration, adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, P-selectin) expression, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) production, nitrotyrosine and PAR formation, NF-κB expression and apoptosis (Bax, Bcl-2) activation. This data clearly showes modulation of the inflammatory process, associated with MI-R injury, following administration of pistachios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D'Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Saverio Latteri
- Department of General Surgery, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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10
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Wu C, Chen HC, Chen ST, Chiang SY, Wu KY. Elevation in and persistence of multiple urinary biomarkers indicative of oxidative DNA stress and inflammation: Toxicological implications of maleic acid consumption using a rat model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183675. [PMID: 29073142 PMCID: PMC5658196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Maleic acid (MA), an intermediate reagent used in many industrial products, instigated public health concerns in Taiwan when it was used to adulterate an array of starch-based delicacies to improve texture and storage time. Established studies reported that exposure to high concentrations of MA induce renal injury; little is known whether oxidative stress is induced at a relative low dose. This study aims to investigate the effect of oral single dose exposure of MA on the status of oxidative stress and inflammation. Single dose of MA at 0, 6 and 60 mg/kg (control, low- and high-dose groups, respectively) were orally administered to adult male and female rats. Urine samples were collected and analyzed to measure 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-IsoPGF2α), 8-nitroguanine (8-NO2Gua) and N-acetyl-S-(tetrahydro-5-hydroxy-2-pentyl-3-furanyl)-L-cysteine (HNE-MA) using LC-MS/MS. Results revealed that oral consumption of MA induced oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation, as demonstrated by the statistically significant increases in urinary levels of 8-NO2Gua, 8-OHdG, and 8-isoPGF2α, in high-dosed male rats within 12 h of oral gavage (p < 0.05). Additionally, increases in concentration of these biomarkers persist for days after consumption; male rats appear to be more sensitive to oxidative burden compared to their counterparts. The aforementioned findings could help elucidate the mechanisms through which nephrotoxicity occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Wu
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chang Chen
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ting Chen
- National Environmental Health Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Su-Yin Chiang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (KYW); (SYC)
| | - Kuen-Yuh Wu
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (KYW); (SYC)
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11
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Berger NA, Besson VC, Boulares AH, Bürkle A, Chiarugi A, Clark RS, Curtin NJ, Cuzzocrea S, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, Haskó G, Liaudet L, Moroni F, Pacher P, Radermacher P, Salzman AL, Snyder SH, Soriano FG, Strosznajder RP, Sümegi B, Swanson RA, Szabo C. Opportunities for the repurposing of PARP inhibitors for the therapy of non-oncological diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:192-222. [PMID: 28213892 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent clinical availability of the PARP inhibitor olaparib (Lynparza) opens the door for potential therapeutic repurposing for non-oncological indications. Considering (a) the preclinical efficacy data with PARP inhibitors in non-oncological diseases and (b) the risk-benefit ratio of treating patients with a compound that inhibits an enzyme that has physiological roles in the regulation of DNA repair, we have selected indications, where (a) the severity of the disease is high, (b) the available therapeutic options are limited, and (c) the duration of PARP inhibitor administration could be short, to provide first-line options for therapeutic repurposing. These indications are as follows: acute ischaemic stroke; traumatic brain injury; septic shock; acute pancreatitis; and severe asthma and severe acute lung injury. In addition, chronic, devastating diseases, where alternative therapeutic options cannot halt disease development (e.g. Parkinson's disease, progressive multiple sclerosis or severe fibrotic diseases), should also be considered. We present a preclinical and clinical action plan for the repurposing of PARP inhibitors. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Inventing New Therapies Without Reinventing the Wheel: The Power of Drug Repurposing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Berger
- Center for Science, Health and Society, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Valerie C Besson
- EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - A Hamid Boulares
- The Stanley Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | - Alberto Chiarugi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Headache Center - University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Robert S Clark
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicola J Curtin
- Newcastle University, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering and Department of Neurology and Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering and Department of Neurology and Department of Physiology and Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Lucas Liaudet
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Burn Center, University Hospital Medical Center, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Flavio Moroni
- Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, Section on Oxidative Stress Tissue Injury, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Solomon H Snyder
- Department of Neurology and Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francisco Garcia Soriano
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Robert P Strosznajder
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Department of Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Balázs Sümegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Raymond A Swanson
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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12
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Brinkmann SJH, Buijs N, Vermeulen MAR, Oosterink E, Schierbeek H, Beishuizen A, de Vries JPPM, Wisselink W, van Leeuwen PAM. Perioperative glutamine supplementation restores disturbed renal arginine synthesis after open aortic surgery: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F567-75. [PMID: 27194717 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00340.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative renal failure is a common complication after open repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The amino acid arginine is formed in the kidneys from its precursor citrulline, and citrulline is formed from glutamine in the intestines. Arginine enhances the function of the immune and cardiovascular systems, which is important for recovery after surgery. We hypothesized that renal arginine production is diminished after ischemia-reperfusion injury caused by clamping of the aorta during open abdominal aortic surgery and that parenteral glutamine supplementation might compensate for this impaired arginine synthesis. This open-label clinical trial randomized patients who underwent clamping of the aorta during open abdominal aortic surgery to receive a perioperative supplement of intravenous alanyl-glutamine (0.5 g·kg(-1)·day(-1); group A, n = 5) or no supplement (group B, n = 5). One day after surgery, stable isotopes and tracer methods were used to analyze the metabolism and conversion of glutamine, citrulline, and arginine. Whole body plasma flux of glutamine, citrulline, and arginine was significantly higher in group A than in group B (glutamine: 391 ± 34 vs. 258 ± 19 μmol·kg(-1)·h(-1), citrulline: 5.7 ± 0.4 vs. 2.8 ± 0.4 μmol·kg(-1)·h(-1), and arginine: 50 ± 4 vs. 26 ± 2 μmol·kg(-1)·h(-1), P < 0.01), as was the synthesis of citrulline from glutamine (4.8 ± 0.7 vs. 1.6 ± 0.3 μmol·kg(-1)·h(-1)), citrulline from arginine (2.3 ± 0.3 vs. 0.96 ± 0.1 μmol·kg(-1)·h(-1)), and arginine from glutamine (7.7 ± 0.4 vs. 2.8 ± 0.2 μmol·kg(-1)·h(-1)), respectively (P < 0.001 for all). In conclusion, the production of citrulline and arginine is severely reduced after clamping during aortic surgery. This study shows that an intravenous supplement of glutamine increases the production of citrulline and arginine and compensates for the inhibitory effect of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia J H Brinkmann
- Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Nikki Buijs
- Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mechteld A R Vermeulen
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Efraim Oosterink
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Henk Schierbeek
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Albertus Beishuizen
- Department of Intensive Care, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Medical Centre Alkmaar, Trial Center Holland Health, Alkmaar, The Netherlands; Department of Intensive Care, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Willem Wisselink
- Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Glutamine Modulates Changes in Intestinal Intraepithelial γδT-Lymphocyte Expressions in Mice With Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Shock 2016; 44:77-82. [PMID: 25784526 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of glutamine (GLN) on expressions of small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) γδT-cell proinflammatory cytokines and apoptotic regulatory factor genes in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Mice were assigned to a normal control group and three IR groups. Mice in the normal control group received no ischemia treatment, whereas IR groups had hindlimb ischemia for 90 min with subsequent 0 (IR0) or 24 h (IR24) of reperfusion. The IR0 group was sacrificed immediately after reperfusion. The IR24S group was injected with saline, and the IR24G group was given 0.75 g GLN/kg of body weight once via a tail vein before reperfusion. The IR24 groups were sacrificed 24 h after reperfusion. Small intestinal IEL γδT cells of the animals were isolated for further analysis. Results showed that IR injury resulted in lower small intestinal IEL γδT-cell percentages and higher proinflammatory cytokine messenger RNA expressions of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α by IEL γδT cells. Compared with the IR24S group, the IR24G group had a higher IEL γδT-cell percentage. Multiples of change of messenger RNA of proliferation gene expressions of the antiapoptotic Bcl-xl (B-cell lymphoma-extra large) and IL-7 receptor in the IR24G group were higher, whereas expressions of the keratinocyte growth factor and bacterial lectin regenerating islet-derived (Reg)IIIγ were lower in IEL γδT cells. Histological findings also showed that damage to the intestinal mucosa was less severe in the IR group with GLN. These results indicated that a single dose of GLN administered before reperfusion maintained small intestinal IEL γδT cell populations and reduced expressions of intestinal inflammatory cytokines, which may have consequently ameliorated the severity of IR-induced small intestinal epithelial injury.
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Sellmann C, Jin CJ, Degen C, De Bandt JP, Bergheim I. Oral Glutamine Supplementation Protects Female Mice from Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. J Nutr 2015; 145:2280-6. [PMID: 26246326 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.215517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors, a diet rich in fat and sugar, and an impaired intestinal barrier function are critical in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The nonessential amino acid glutamine (Gln) has been suggested to have protective effects on intestinal barrier function but also against the development of liver diseases of various etiologies. OBJECTIVE The effect of oral Gln supplementation on the development of Western-style diet (WSD)-induced NASH in mice was assessed. METHODS Female 6- to 8-wk-old C57BL/6J mice were pair-fed a control (C) diet or a WSD alone or supplemented with 2.1 g l-Gln/kg body weight for 6 wk (C+Gln or WSD+Gln). Indexes of liver damage, lipid peroxidation, and glucose metabolism and endotoxin concentrations were measured. RESULTS Although Gln supplementation had no effect on the loss of the tight junction protein occludin, the increased portal endotoxin and fasting glucose concentrations found in WSD-fed mice, markers of liver damage (e.g., nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score and number of neutrophils in the liver) were significantly lower in the WSD+Gln group than in the WSD group (~47% and ~60% less, respectively; P < 0.05). Concentrations of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and 3-nitrotyrosin protein adducts were significantly higher in livers of WSD-fed mice than in all other groups (~8.6- and ~1.9-fold higher, respectively, compared with the C group; P < 0.05) but did not differ between WSD+Gln-, C-, and C+Gln-fed mice. Hepatic tumor necrosis factor α and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 concentrations were significantly higher in WSD-fed mice (~1.6- and ~1.8-fold higher, respectively; P < 0.05) but not in WSD+Gln-fed mice compared with C mice. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the protective effects of oral Gln supplementation on the development of WSD-induced NASH in mice are associated with protection against the induction of iNOS and lipid peroxidation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrin Sellmann
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Degen
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jean-Pascal De Bandt
- Nutrition Biology Laboratory EA4466, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; and Clinical Chemistry Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, Public Assistance Hospitals of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany;
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Lomas-Soria C, Pérez-Ramírez IF, Caballero-Pérez J, Guevara-Gonzalez RG, Guevara-Olvera L, Loarca-Piña G, Guzman-Maldonado HS, Reynoso-Camacho R. Cooked common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) modulate renal genes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:761-8. [PMID: 25863648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Food consumption with different bioactive compounds could reduce the risk of diabetic complications. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of cooked common beans on differentially expressed genes in whole kidney homogenates of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. After 4weeks of treatment with a cooked bean supplemented (10%) diet, animals fed with Flor de Mayo bean (FMB) exerted the greatest protective effect, since they presented the lowest blood glucose levels, consistent with an increase in blood insulin levels, a decrease in urine albumin and urea levels and an increase in creatinine clearance (P≤.05). Regarding the gene expression of kidneys evaluated using expressed sequence tag, consumption of cooked beans improved the expression of Glu1, Cps1, Ipmk, Cacna1c, Camk1, Pdhb, Ptbp3 and Pim1, which are related to the elimination of ammonium groups, the regulation of inflammatory and oxidative response, as well as cell signaling and apoptosis. In addition, the beneficial effects observed were not related to their polyphenolic and saponin profile, suggesting the activity of other bioactive compounds or the synergistic interaction of these compounds. These results suggest that the consumption of cooked common beans (FMB) might be used as an alternative for the regulation of genes related to renal alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Lomas-Soria
- Programa de Alimentos del Centro de la República PROPAC, Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Cerro de las Campanas, S/N, 76010 Querétaro, Qro., México
| | - Iza F Pérez-Ramírez
- Programa de Alimentos del Centro de la República PROPAC, Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Cerro de las Campanas, S/N, 76010 Querétaro, Qro., México
| | - Juan Caballero-Pérez
- C.A. Biosystems Engineering, School of Engineering, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas, S/N, 76010 Querétaro, Qro., México
| | - Ramón G Guevara-Gonzalez
- C.A. Biosystems Engineering, School of Engineering, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas, S/N, 76010 Querétaro, Qro., México
| | - Lorenzo Guevara-Olvera
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Biochemical Engineering Department, Celaya Technological Institute, Av. Tecnológico y Antonio García Cubas s/n, 38010 Celaya, Guanajuato, México
| | - Guadalupe Loarca-Piña
- Programa de Alimentos del Centro de la República PROPAC, Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Cerro de las Campanas, S/N, 76010 Querétaro, Qro., México
| | - Horacio S Guzman-Maldonado
- Campo experimental Bajío (CEBAJ-INIFAP), Km 6 Carretera Celaya San Miguel de Allende, 38010 Celaya, México
| | - Rosalía Reynoso-Camacho
- Programa de Alimentos del Centro de la República PROPAC, Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Cerro de las Campanas, S/N, 76010 Querétaro, Qro., México.
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Zabot GP, Carvalhal GF, Marroni NP, Hartmann RM, Silva VDD, Fillmann HS. Glutamine prevents oxidative stress in a model of mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:11406-11414. [PMID: 25170229 PMCID: PMC4145783 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i32.11406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate preventative effects of glutamine in an animal model of gut ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).
METHODS: Male Wistar rats were housed in a controlled environment and allowed access to food and water ad libitum. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: (1) control group (control) - rats underwent exploratory laparotomy; (2) control + glutamine group (control-GLU) - rats were subjected to laparotomy and treated intraperitoneally with glutamine 24 and 48 h prior to surgery; (3) I/R group - rats were subjected to occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 30 min followed by 15 min of reperfusion; and (4) ischemia/reperfusion + glutamine group (G + I/R) - rats were treated intraperitoneally with glutamine 24 and 48 h before I/R. Local and systemic injuries were determined by evaluating intestinal and lung segments for oxidative stress using lipid peroxidation and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) after mesenteric I/R.
RESULTS: Lipid peroxidation of the membrane was increased in the animals subjected to I/R (P < 0.05). However, the group that received glutamine 24 and 48 h before the I/R procedure showed levels of lipid peroxidation similar to the control groups (P < 0.05). The activity of the antioxidant enzyme SOD was decreased in the gut of animals subjected to I/R when compared with the control group of animals not subjected to I/R (P < 0.05). However, the group that received glutamine 24 and 48 h before I/R showed similar SOD activity to both control groups not subjected to I/R (P < 0.05). The mean area of NF-κB staining for each of the control groups was similar. The I/R group showed the largest area of staining for NF-κB. The G + I/R group had the second highest amount of staining, but the mean value was much lower than that of the I/R group (P < 0.05). For IL-6, control and control-GLU groups showed similar areas of staining. The I/R group contained the largest area of IL-6 staining, followed by the G + I/R animals; however, this area was significantly lower than that of the group that underwent I/R without glutamine (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that pretreatment with glutamine prevents mucosal injury and improves gut and lung recovery after I/R injury in rats.
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Stiegler P, Sereinigg M, Puntschart A, Bradatsch A, Seifert-Held T, Wiederstein-Grasser I, Leber B, Stadelmeyer E, Dandachi N, Zelzer S, Iberer F, Stadlbauer V. Oxidative stress and apoptosis in a pig model of brain death (BD) and living donation (LD). J Transl Med 2013; 11:244. [PMID: 24088575 PMCID: PMC3850531 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As organ shortage is increasing, the acceptance of marginal donors increases, which might result in poor organ function and patient survival. Mostly, organ damage is caused during brain death (BD), cold ischemic time (CIT) or after reperfusion due to oxidative stress or the induction of apoptosis. The aim of this study was to study a panel of genes involved in oxidative stress and apoptosis and compare these findings with immunohistochemistry from a BD and living donation (LD) pig model and after cold ischemia time (CIT). Methods BD was induced in pigs; after 12 h organ retrieval was performed; heart, liver and kidney tissue specimens were collected in the BD (n = 6) and in a LD model (n = 6). PCR analysis for NFKB1, GSS, SOD2, PPAR-alpha, OXSR1, BAX, BCL2L1, and HSP 70.2 was performed and immunohistochemistry used to show apoptosis and nitrosative stress induced cell damage. Results In heart tissue of BD BAX, BCL2L1 and HSP 70.2 increased significantly after CIT. Only SOD2 was over-expressed after CIT in BD liver tissue. In kidney tissue, BCL2L1, NFKB, OXSR1, SOD2 and HSP 70.2 expression was significantly elevated in LD. Immunohistochemistry showed a significant increase in activated Caspase 3 and nitrotyrosine positive cells after CIT in BD in liver and in kidney tissue but not in heart tissue. Conclusion The up-regulation of protective and apoptotic genes seems to be divergent in the different organs in the BD and LD setting; however, immunohistochemistry revealed more apoptotic and nitrotyrosine positive cells in the BD setting in liver and kidney tissue whereas in heart tissue both BD and LD showed an increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Stiegler
- Division of Surgery, Department of Transplantation Surgery, Medical University, Auenbruggerplatz 29, Graz 8036, Austria.
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Chu C, He W, Kuang Y, Ren K, Gou X. Celastrol protects kidney against ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury in rats. J Surg Res 2013; 186:398-407. [PMID: 23981709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) causes various damages in renal tissues, which is exacerbated by hypoxia-induced excessive inflammation and deteriorates the prognosis of patients after kidney surgery. Celastrol is a potent inflammation inhibitor that has little toxicity. In this report, we investigated whether celastrol protects against IR-induced renal injury in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Renal IR injury was induced by occlusion of the bilateral renal pedicles for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 6 h. Celastrol or vehicle solution was intraperitoneally injected 30 min before renal ischemia, respectively. Renal histology, function, and pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators were assessed. The effect of celastrol on nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was also measured. RESULTS Celastrol significantly suppressed elevation of the renal function markers and the lipid peroxidation level, alleviated renal tubular damage, and decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) messenger RNA in kidney caused by IR. Moreover, celastrol prevented IR-induced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, which was associated with suppression of nuclear translocation of NF-κB subunit p65. CONCLUSIONS Celastrol ameliorated the acute kidney injury caused by IR, which was associated with inhibiting local NF-κB activation and inflammation. Our findings suggest that celastrol could be useful for preventing IR-induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbin Chu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Induction of oxidative stress in kidney. Int J Nephrol 2012; 2012:465897. [PMID: 22577546 PMCID: PMC3345218 DOI: 10.1155/2012/465897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has a critical role in the pathophysiology of several kidney diseases, and many complications of these diseases are mediated by oxidative stress, oxidative stress-related mediators, and inflammation. Several systemic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia; infection; antibiotics, chemotherapeutics, and radiocontrast agents; and environmental toxins, occupational chemicals, radiation, smoking, as well as alcohol consumption induce oxidative stress in kidney. We searched the literature using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google scholar with “oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, oxygen free radicals, kidney, renal injury, nephropathy, nephrotoxicity, and induction”. The literature search included only articles written in English language. Letters or case reports were excluded. Scientific relevance, for clinical studies target populations, and study design, for basic science studies full coverage of main topics, are eligibility criteria for articles used in this paper.
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