1
|
Borruto AM, Calpe-López C, Spanagel R, Bernardi RE. Conditional deletion of the AMPA-GluA1 and NMDA-GluN1 receptor subunit genes in midbrain D1 neurons does not alter cocaine reward in mice. Neuropharmacology 2024; 258:110081. [PMID: 39002853 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity in the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system contributes to the neural adaptations underlying addictive behaviors and relapse. However, the specific behavioral relevance of glutamatergic excitatory drive onto dopamine D1 receptor (D1R)-expressing neurons in mediating the reinforcing effect of cocaine remains unclear. Here, we investigated how midbrain AMPAR and NMDAR function modulate cocaine reward-related behavior using mutant mouse lines lacking the glutamate receptor genes Gria1 or Grin1 in D1R-expressing neurons (GluA1D1CreERT2 or GluN1D1CreERT2, respectively). We found that conditional genetic deletion of either GluA1 or GluN1 within this neuronal sub-population did not impact the ability of acute cocaine injection to increase intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) ratio or reduced brain reward threshold compared to littermate controls. Additionally, our data demonstrate that deletion of GluA1 and GluN1 receptor subunits within D1R-expressing neurons did not affect cocaine reinforcement in an operant self-administration paradigm, as mutant mice showed comparable cocaine responses and intake to controls. Given the pivotal role of glutamate receptors in mediating relapse behavior, we further explored the impact of genetic deletion of AMPAR and NMDAR onto D1R-expressing neurons on cue-induced reinstatement following extinction. Surprisingly, deletion of AMPAR and NMDAR onto these neurons did not impair cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior. These findings suggest that glutamatergic activity via NMDAR and AMPAR in D1R-expressing neurons may not exclusively mediate the reinforcing effects of cocaine and cue-induced reinstatement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Borruto
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Claudia Calpe-López
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim, Heidelberg, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rick E Bernardi
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hrickova M, Amchova P, Ruda-Kucerova J. The effect of CNQX on self-administration: present in nicotine, absent in methamphetamine model. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 17:1305412. [PMID: 38249125 PMCID: PMC10796660 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1305412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Addiction is a chronic disease with limited pharmacological options for intervention. Focusing on reducing glutamate levels in the brain seems to be a promising strategy in addiction treatment research. Our research aimed to evaluate the effects of CNQX, an antagonist that targets AMPA and kainate glutamatergic receptors while also exhibiting affinity for the NMDA receptor, especially by modulating its glycine site. We conducted this assessment on the self-administration of nicotine and methamphetamine via intravenous (IV) administration in rats. Methods An operant IV self-administration model was used in male Wistar rats. When animals maintained a stable intake of nicotine or methamphetamine, we administered a single injection of CNQX (in the dose of 3 or 6 mg/kg IV) to evaluate its effect on drug intake. Subsequently, the rats were forced to abstain by staying in their home cages for 2 weeks. The period of abstinence was followed by a context-induced relapse-like session before which animals were pretreated with the injection of CNQX (3 or 6 mg/kg IV) to evaluate its effect on drug seeking. Results CNQX significantly reduced nicotine intake during the maintenance phase, but no effect was revealed on nicotine seeking after forced abstinence. CNQX did not affect methamphetamine taking or seeking. Conclusion The effect of reducing nicotine taking but not seeking could be explained by different involvement of glutamatergic receptors in various stages of nicotine dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jana Ruda-Kucerova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Karimi-Haghighi S, Chavoshinezhad S, Mozafari R, Noorbakhsh F, Borhani-Haghighi A, Haghparast A. Neuroinflammatory Response in Reward-Associated Psychostimulants and Opioids: A Review. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:649-682. [PMID: 35461410 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Substance abuse is one of the significant problems in social and public health worldwide. Vast numbers of evidence illustrate that motivational and reinforcing impacts of addictive drugs are primarily attributed to their ability to change dopamine signaling in the reward circuit. However, the roles of classic neurotransmitters, especially dopamine and neuromodulators, monoamines, and neuropeptides, in reinforcing characteristics of abused drugs have been extensively investigated. It has recently been revealed that central immune signaling includes cascades of chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines released by neurons and glia via downstream intracellular signaling pathways that play a crucial role in mediating rewarding behavioral effects of drugs. More interestingly, inflammatory responses in the central nervous system modulate the mesolimbic dopamine signaling and glutamate-dependent currents induced by addictive drugs. This review summarized researches in the alterations of inflammatory responses accompanied by rewarding and reinforcing properties of addictive drugs, including cocaine, methamphetamine, and opioids that were evaluated by conditioned place preference and self-administration procedures as highly common behavioral tests to investigate the motivational and reinforcing impacts of addictive drugs. The neuroinflammatory responses affect the rewarding properties of psychostimulants and opioids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Karimi-Haghighi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Chavoshinezhad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Mozafari
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Noorbakhsh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shelkar GP, Gandhi PJ, Liu J, Dravid SM. Cocaine preference and neuroadaptations are maintained by astrocytic NMDA receptors in the nucleus accumbens. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo6574. [PMID: 35867797 PMCID: PMC9307248 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo6574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine-associated memories induce cravings and interfere with the ability of users to cease cocaine use. Reducing the strength of cue-drug memories by facilitating extinction may have therapeutic value for the treatment of cocaine addiction. Here, we demonstrate the expression of GluN1/2A/2C NMDA receptor currents in astrocytes in the nucleus accumbens core. Selective ablation of GluN1 subunit from astrocytes in the nucleus accumbens enhanced extinction of cocaine preference memory but did not affect cocaine conditioning or reinstatement. Repeated cocaine exposure up-regulated GluN2C subunit expression and increased astrocytic NMDA receptor currents. Furthermore, intra-accumbal inhibition of GluN2C/2D-containing receptors and GluN2C subunit deletion facilitated extinction of cocaine memory. Cocaine-induced neuroadaptations including dendritic spine maturation and AMPA receptor recruitment were absent in GluN2C knockout mice. Impaired retention of cocaine preference memory in GluN2C knockout mice was restored by exogenous administration of recombinant glypican 4. Together, these results identify a previously unknown astrocytic GluN2C-containing NMDA receptor mechanism underlying maintenance of cocaine preference memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gajanan P. Shelkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Pauravi J. Gandhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jinxu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Luessen DJ, Conn PJ. Allosteric Modulators of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors as Novel Therapeutics for Neuropsychiatric Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:630-661. [PMID: 35710132 PMCID: PMC9553119 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, a family of G-protein-coupled receptors, have been identified as novel therapeutic targets based on extensive research supporting their diverse contributions to cell signaling and physiology throughout the nervous system and important roles in regulating complex behaviors, such as cognition, reward, and movement. Thus, targeting mGlu receptors may be a promising strategy for the treatment of several brain disorders. Ongoing advances in the discovery of subtype-selective allosteric modulators for mGlu receptors has provided an unprecedented opportunity for highly specific modulation of signaling by individual mGlu receptor subtypes in the brain by targeting sites distinct from orthosteric or endogenous ligand binding sites on mGlu receptors. These pharmacological agents provide the unparalleled opportunity to selectively regulate neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, and subsequent behavioral output pertinent to many brain disorders. Here, we review preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the utility of mGlu receptor allosteric modulators as novel therapeutic approaches to treat neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, substance use disorders, and stress-related disorders.
Collapse
|
6
|
Peart DR, Andrade AK, Logan CN, Knackstedt LA, Murray JE. Regulation of Cocaine-related Behaviors by Estrogen and Progesterone. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
7
|
Kallupi M, Kononoff J, Melas PA, Qvist JS, de Guglielmo G, Kandel ER, George O. Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens shell attenuates cocaine withdrawal but increases cocaine self-administration, cocaine-induced locomotor activity, and GluR1/GluA1 in the central nucleus of the amygdala in male cocaine-dependent rats. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:13-22. [PMID: 34742997 PMCID: PMC8816878 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine addiction is a major public health problem. Despite decades of intense research, no effective treatments are available. Both preclinical and clinical studies strongly suggest that deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) is a viable target for the treatment of cocaine use disorder (CUD). OBJECTIVE Although previous studies have shown that DBS of the NAcc decreases cocaine seeking and reinstatement, the effects of DBS on cocaine intake in cocaine-dependent animals have not yet been investigated. METHODS Rats were made cocaine dependent by allowing them to self-administer cocaine in extended access conditions (6 h/day, 0.5 mg/kg/infusion). The effects of monophasic bilateral high-frequency DBS (60 μs pulse width and 130 Hz frequency) stimulation with a constant current of 150 μA of the NAcc shell on cocaine intake was then evaluated. Furthermore, cocaine-induced locomotor activity, irritability-like behavior during cocaine abstinence, and the levels of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunits 1 and 2 (GluR1/GluA1 and GluR2/GluA2) after DBS were investigated. RESULTS Contrary to our expectations, DBS of the NAcc shell induced a slight increase in cocaine self-administration, and increased cocaine-induced locomotion after extended access of cocaine self-administration. In addition, DBS decreased irritability-like behavior 18 h into cocaine withdrawal. Finally, DBS increased both cytosolic and synaptosomal levels of GluR1, but not GluR2, in the central nucleus of the amygdala but not in other brain regions. CONCLUSIONS These preclinical results with cocaine-dependent animals support the use of high-frequency DBS of the NAcc shell as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of the negative emotional state that emerges during cocaine abstinence, but also demonstrate that DBS does not decrease cocaine intake in active, long-term cocaine users. These data, together with the existing evidence that DBS of the NAcc shell reduces the reinstatement of cocaine seeking in abstinent animals, suggest that NAcc shell DBS may be beneficial for the treatment of the negative emotional states and craving during abstinence, although it may worsen cocaine use if individuals continue drug use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marsida Kallupi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA,Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N.Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,Correspondence to: and
| | - Jenni Kononoff
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N.Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Philippe A. Melas
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Jerome L. Greene Science Center, New York, NY 10027, USA,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden
| | - Johanna S. Qvist
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Jerome L. Greene Science Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Giordano de Guglielmo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA,Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N.Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eric R. Kandel
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Jerome L. Greene Science Center, New York, NY 10027, USA,Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA,Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N.Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,Correspondence to: and
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee BR, Sung SJ, Hur KH, Kim SE, Ma SX, Kim SK, Ko YH, Kim YJ, Lee Y, Lee SY, Jang CG. Korean Red Ginseng inhibits methamphetamine addictive behaviors by regulating dopaminergic and NMDAergic system in rodents. J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:147-155. [PMID: 35058731 PMCID: PMC8753524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|
9
|
NMDA Receptors in Accumbal D1 Neurons Influence Chronic Sugar Consumption and Relapse. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0029-21.2021. [PMID: 33906970 PMCID: PMC8143023 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0029-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamatergic input via NMDA and AMPA receptors within the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) pathway plays a critical role in the development of addictive behavior and relapse toward drugs of abuse. Although well-established for drugs of abuse, it is not clear whether glutamate receptors within the mesolimbic system are involved in mediating chronic consumption and relapse following abstinence from a non-drug reward. Here, we evaluated the contribution of mesolimbic glutamate receptors in mediating chronic sugar consumption and the sugar-deprivation effect (SDE), which is used as a measure of relapse-like behavior following abstinence. We studied four inducible mutant mouse lines lacking the GluA1 or GluN1 subunit in either DA transporter (DAT) or D1R-expressing neurons in an automated monitoring system for free-choice sugar drinking in the home cage. Mice lacking either GluA1 or GluN1 in D1R-expressing neurons (GluA1D1CreERT2 or GluN1D1CreERT2mice) have altered sugar consumption in both sexes, whereas GluA1DATCreERT2 and GluN1DATCreERT2do not differ from their respective littermate controls. In terms of relapse-like behavior, female GluN1D1CreERT2mice show a more pronounced SDE. Given that glutamate receptors within the mesolimbic system play a critical role in mediating relapse behavior of alcohol and other drugs of abuse, it is surprising that these receptors do not mediate the SDE, or in the case of female GluN1D1CreERT2 mice, show an opposing effect. We conclude that a relapse-like phenotype of sugar consumption differs from that of drugs of abuse on the molecular level, at least with respect to the contribution of mesolimbic glutamate receptors.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder, and a significant amount of research has been devoted to understand the factors that contribute to the development, loss of control, and persistence of compulsive addictive behaviors. In this review, we provide an overview of various theories of addiction to drugs of abuse and the neurobiology involved in elements of the addiction cycle. Specific focus is devoted to the role of the mesolimbic pathway in acute drug reinforcement and occasional drug use, the role of the mesocortical pathway and associated areas (e.g., the dorsal striatum) in escalation/dependence, and the contribution of these pathways and associated circuits to conditioned responses, drug craving, and loss of behavioral control that may underlie drug relapse. By enhancing the understanding of the neurobiological factors that mediate drug addiction, continued preclinical and clinical research will aid in the development of novel therapeutic interventions that can serve as effective long-term treatment strategies for drug-dependent individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Feltenstein
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
| | - Ronald E See
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
- Department of Psychology, Westmont College, Santa Barbara, California 93108, USA
| | - Rita A Fuchs
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, Washington 99164-7620, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Potential Benefits of N-Acetylcysteine in Preventing Pregabalin-Induced Seeking-Like Behavior. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9040376. [PMID: 33805329 PMCID: PMC8066267 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9040376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance-use disorder is globally prevalent and responsible for numerous social and medical problems. Pregabalin (Lyrica), typically used to treat diabetic neuropathy, has recently emerged as a drug of abuse. Drug abuse is associated with several neuronal changes, including the downregulation of glutamate transporters such as glutamate transporter 1 and cystine/glutamate antiporter. We investigated the effects of N-acetylcysteine, a glutamate transporter 1 and xCT upregulator, on pregabalin addiction using a conditioned place preference paradigm. Pregabalin (60 mg/kg) was found to induce conditioned place preference when compared to a vehicle. A 100 mg/kg dose of N-acetylcysteine was found to block pregabalin-seeking behaviors. These results support previous findings showing that glutamate transporters play an important role in pregabalin-induced seeking behaviors. N-acetylcysteine may represent a beneficial agent in preventing the abuse potential of pregabalin.
Collapse
|
12
|
Murray CH, Christian DT, Milovanovic M, Loweth JA, Hwang EK, Caccamise AJ, Funke JR, Wolf ME. mGlu5 function in the nucleus accumbens core during the incubation of methamphetamine craving. Neuropharmacology 2021; 186:108452. [PMID: 33444640 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that negative allosteric modulators (NAM) of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) reduce cocaine and methamphetamine seeking in extinction-reinstatement animal models of addiction. Less is known about effects of mGlu5 NAMs in abstinence models, particularly for methamphetamine. We used the incubation of drug craving model, in which cue-induced craving progressively intensifies after withdrawal from drug self-administration, to conduct the first studies of the following aspects of mGlu5 function in the rat nucleus accumbens (NAc) core during abstinence from methamphetamine self-administration: 1) functionality of the major form of synaptic depression in NAc medium spiny neurons, which is induced postsynaptically via mGlu5 and expressed presynaptically via cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1Rs), 2) mGlu5 surface expression and physical associations between mGlu5, Homer proteins, and diacylglycerol lipase-α, and 3) the effect of systemic and intra-NAc core administration of the mGlu5 NAM 3-((2-methyl-4-)ethynyl)pyridine (MTEP) on expression of incubated methamphetamine craving. We found that mGlu5/CB1R-dependent synaptic depression was lost during the rising phase of methamphetamine incubation but then recovered, in contrast to its persistent impairment during the plateau phase of incubation of cocaine craving. Furthermore, whereas the cocaine-induced impairment was accompanied by reduced mGlu5 levels and mGlu5-Homer associations, this was not the case for methamphetamine. Systemic MTEP reduced incubated methamphetamine seeking, but also reduced inactive hole nose-pokes and locomotion, while intra-NAc core MTEP had no significant effects. These findings provide the first insight into the role of mGlu5 in the incubation of methamphetamine craving and reveal differences from incubation of cocaine craving.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Conor H Murray
- Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Daniel T Christian
- Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
| | - Mike Milovanovic
- Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
| | - Jessica A Loweth
- Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
| | - Eun-Kyung Hwang
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Aaron J Caccamise
- Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
| | - Jonathan R Funke
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Marina E Wolf
- Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen G, Han W, Li A, Wang J, Xiao J, Huang X, Nazir KA, Shang Q, Qian H, Qiao C, Liu X, Li T. Phosphorylation of GluN2B subunits of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in the frontal association cortex involved in morphine-induced conditioned place preference in mice. Neurosci Lett 2021; 741:135470. [PMID: 33157174 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Morphine is one of the most abused drugs in the world, which has resulted in serious social problems. The frontal association cortex (FrA) has been shown to play a key role in memory formation and drug addiction. N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are abundant in the prefrontal cortex (PFc) and much evidence indicates that GluN2B-containing NMDARs are involved in morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). However, the function of GluN2B in the FrA during morphine-induced CPP has yet to be fully investigated. In the present work, a CPP animal model was employed to measure the expression of phosphorylated (p-) GluN2B (Serine; Ser 1303) in the FrA and NAc in different phases of morphine-induced CPP. We found that p-GluN2B (Ser 1303) was increased in the FrA during the development and reinstatement phases but unchanged in the extinction phase. The use of ifenprodil, a GluN2B-specific antagonist, to block the activity of GluN2B in the two phases attenuated morphine-induced CPP and reinstatement. Furthermore, ifenprodil also blocked morphine-induced upregulation of p-GluN2B (Ser 1303) in the FrA in both phases. These results indicate that GluN2B-containing NMDARs in the FrA may be involved in the regulation of morphine-induced CPP and reinstatement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- School of Forensic Science and Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| | - Wei Han
- School of Forensic Science and Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science and Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| | - Axiang Li
- School of Forensic Science and Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Forensic Science and Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| | - Jing Xiao
- School of Forensic Science and Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Forensic Science and Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| | - Khosa Asif Nazir
- School of Forensic Science and Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| | - Qing Shang
- School of Forensic Science and Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| | - Hongyan Qian
- School of Forensic Science and Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| | - Chuchu Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| | - Xinshe Liu
- School of Forensic Science and Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science and Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| | - Tao Li
- School of Forensic Science and Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science and Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cai WT, Han J, Kim WY, Kim JH. Immunohistochemical detection of GluA1 subunit of AMPA receptor in the rat nucleus accumbens following cocaine exposure. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 25:79-85. [PMID: 33361540 PMCID: PMC7756536 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.1.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors are differentially regulated in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) of the brain after cocaine exposure. However, these results are supported only by biochemical and electrophysiological methods, but have not been validated with immunohistochemistry. To overcome the restriction of antigen loss on the postsynaptic target molecules that occurs during perfusion-fixation, we adopted an immersion-fixation method that enabled us to immunohistochemically quantify the expression levels of the AMPA receptor GluA1 subunit in the NAcc. Interestingly, compared to saline exposure, cocaine significantly increased the immunofluorescence intensity of GluA1 in two sub-regions, the core and the shell, of the NAcc on withdrawal day 21 following cocaine exposure, which led to locomotor sensitization. Increases in GluA1 intensity were observed in both the extra-post synaptic density (PSD) and PSD areas in the two sub-regions of the NAcc. These results clearly indicate that AMPA receptor plasticity, as exemplified by GluA1, in the NAcc can be visually detected by immunohistochemistry and confocal imaging. These results expand our understanding of the molecular changes occurring in neuronal synapses by adding a new form of analysis to conventional biochemical and electrophysiological methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ting Cai
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Joonyeup Han
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Wha Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Marques BL, Oliveira-Lima OC, Carvalho GA, de Almeida Chiarelli R, Ribeiro RI, Parreira RC, da Madeira Freitas EM, Resende RR, Klempin F, Ulrich H, Gomez RS, Pinto MCX. Neurobiology of glycine transporters: From molecules to behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:97-110. [PMID: 32712279 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycine transporters (GlyTs) are Na+/Cl--dependent neurotransmitter transporters, responsible for l-glycine uptake into the central nervous system. GlyTs are members of the solute carrier family 6 (SLC6) and comprise glycine transporter type 1 (SLC6A9; GlyT1) and glycine transporter type 2 (SLC6A5; Glyt2). GlyT1 and GlyT2 are expressed on both astrocytes and neurons, but their expression pattern in brain tissue is foremost related to neurotransmission. GlyT2 is markedly expressed in brainstem, spinal cord and cerebellum, where it is responsible for glycine uptake into glycinergic and GABAergic terminals. GlyT1 is abundant in neocortex, thalamus and hippocampus, where it is expressed in astrocytes, and involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission. Consequently, inhibition of GlyT1 transporters can modulate glutamatergic neurotransmission through NMDA receptors, suggesting an alternative therapeutic strategy. In this review, we focus on recent progress in the understanding of GlyTs role in brain function and in various diseases, such as epilepsy, hyperekplexia, neuropathic pain, drug addiction, schizophrenia and stroke, as well as in neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lemes Marques
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Neurofarmacologia - Neurolab, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Onésia Cristina Oliveira-Lima
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Neurofarmacologia - Neurolab, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Almeida Carvalho
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Neurofarmacologia - Neurolab, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Raphaela de Almeida Chiarelli
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Neurofarmacologia - Neurolab, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Raul Izidoro Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Neurofarmacologia - Neurolab, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cambraia Parreira
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Neurofarmacologia - Neurolab, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Elis Marra da Madeira Freitas
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Neurofarmacologia - Neurolab, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ribeiro Resende
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Santiago Gomez
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauro Cunha Xavier Pinto
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Neurofarmacologia - Neurolab, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Karimi‐Haghighi S, Dargahi L, Haghparast A. Cannabidiol modulates the expression of neuroinflammatory factors in stress- and drug-induced reinstatement of methamphetamine in extinguished rats. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12740. [PMID: 30793820 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly potent and addictive psychostimulant that is frequently abused worldwide. Although the biggest challenge to the efficient treatment of drug dependence is relapse, its mechanism is completely unclear. Plenty of evidence suggests that inflammation contributes to drug-induced reward especially in brain regions that are involved in the reward system, but there is no document about relapse. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a nonpsychoactive cannabinoid that has powerful anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. A previous research in our laboratory has demonstrated that CBD prevents reinstatement of METH even in 24-hour rapid eye movement (REM) sleep-deprived (RSD) rats. The aim of this study was to assess whether CBD prevents reinstatement of METH through change of gene expression of cytokines such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in extinguished rats. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used in this research to assay gene expression of cytokines. We found that stress- and drug-induced reinstatement of METH enhanced mRNA expression of cytokines in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus. Furthermore, CBD treatment significantly reduced the mRNA expression of cytokines in the PFC and hippocampus, but CBD treatment in RSD rats increased expression of cytokines in the hippocampus. It seems that enhancement of cytokines leads to change in neurotransmission and so triggers reinstatement of METH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Karimi‐Haghighi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neurobiology Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gutman AL, Cosme CV, Noterman MF, Worth WR, Wemmie JA, LaLumiere RT. Overexpression of ASIC1A in the nucleus accumbens of rats potentiates cocaine-seeking behavior. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12690. [PMID: 30397978 PMCID: PMC9092352 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are abundantly expressed in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore), a region of the mesolimbocortical system that has an established role in regulating drug-seeking behavior. Previous work shows that a single dose of cocaine reduced the AMPA-to-NMDA ratio in Asic1a-/- mice, an effect observed after withdrawal in wild-type mice, whereas ASIC1A overexpression in the NAcore of rats decreases cocaine self-administration. However, whether ASIC1A overexpression in the NAcore alters measures of drug-seeking behavior after the self-administration period is unknown. To examine this issue, the ASIC1A subunit was overexpressed in male Sprague-Dawley rats by injecting them with adeno-associated virus, targeted at the NAcore, after completion of 2 weeks of cocaine or food self-administration. After 21 days of homecage abstinence, rats underwent a cue-/context-driven drug/food-seeking test, followed by extinction training and then drug/food-primed, cued, and cued + drug/food-primed reinstatement tests. The results indicate that ASIC1A overexpression in the NAcore enhanced cue-/context-driven cocaine seeking, cocaine-primed reinstatement, and cued + cocaine-primed reinstatement but had no effect on food-seeking behavior, indicating a selective effect for ASIC1A in the processes underlying extinction and cocaine-seeking behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L. Gutman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Caitlin V. Cosme
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Maria F. Noterman
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Wensday R. Worth
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - John A. Wemmie
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Ryan T. LaLumiere
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Althobaiti YS, Almalki A, Alsaab H, Alsanie W, Gaber A, Alhadidi Q, Hardy AMG, Nasr A, Alzahrani O, Stary CM, Shah ZA. Pregabalin: Potential for Addiction and a Possible Glutamatergic Mechanism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15136. [PMID: 31641170 PMCID: PMC6805907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51556-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug addiction remains a prevalent and fatal disease worldwide that carries significant social and economic impacts. Recent reports suggest illicit pregabalin (Lyrica) use may be increasing among youth, however the addictive potential of pregabalin has not been well established. Drug seeking behavior and chronic drug use are associated with deficits in glutamate clearance and activation of postsynaptic glutamatergic receptors. In the current study, we investigated the abuse potential of pregabalin using conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Different doses of pregabalin (30, 60, 90, and 120 mg/kg) were used to assess the seeking behavior in mice. Glutamate homeostasis is maintained by glutamate transporter type-1 (GLT-1), which plays a vital role in clearing the released glutamate from synapses and drug seeking behavior. Therefore, we investigated the role of glutamate in pregabalin-seeking behavior with ceftriaxone (CEF), a potent GLT-1 upregulator. Mice treated with pregabalin 60 and 90 mg/kg doses demonstrated drug seeking-like behavior, which was significantly blocked by CEF pretreatment. These results suggest that pregabalin-induced CPP was successfully modulated by CEF which could serve as a lead compound for developing treatment for pregabalin abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf S Althobaiti
- Taif University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Taif, Saudi Arabia. .,Taif University, College of Pharmacy, Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Atiah Almalki
- Taif University, College of Pharmacy, Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Taif University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem Alsaab
- Taif University, College of Pharmacy, Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Taif University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa Alsanie
- Taif University, College of Pharmacy, Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Taif University, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Gaber
- Taif University, College of Pharmacy, Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Taif University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qasim Alhadidi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Ana Maria Gregio Hardy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Abdulrahman Nasr
- Taif University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Alzahrani
- Taif University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Creed M Stary
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Zahoor A Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abel JM, Nesil T, Bakhti-Suroosh A, Grant PA, Lynch WJ. Mechanisms underlying the efficacy of exercise as an intervention for cocaine relapse: a focus on mGlu5 in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2155-2171. [PMID: 31161451 PMCID: PMC6626681 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Exercise shows promise as a treatment option for addiction; but in order to prevent relapse, it may need to be introduced early in the course of treatment. OBJECTIVE We propose that exercise, by upregulating dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC)-nucleus accumbens (NAc) transmission, offsets deficits in pathways targeting glutamate, BDNF, and dopamine during early abstinence, and in doing so, normalizes neuroadaptations that underlie relapse. METHODS We compared the effects of exercise (wheel running, 2-h/day) during early (days 1-7), late (days 8-14), and throughout abstinence (days 1-14) to sedentary conditions on cocaine-seeking and gene expression in the dmPFC and NAc core of male rats tested following 24-h/day extended-access cocaine (up to 96 infusions/day) or saline self-administration and protracted abstinence (15 days). Based on these data, we then used site-specific manipulation to determine whether dmPFC metabotropic glutamate receptor5 (mGlu5) underlies the efficacy of exercise. RESULTS Exercise initiated during early, but not late abstinence, reduced cocaine-seeking; this effect was strongly associated with dmPFC Grm5 expression (gene encoding mGlu5), and modestly associated with dmPFC Grin1 and Bdnf-IV expression. Activation of mGlu5 in the dmPFC during early abstinence mimicked the efficacy of early-initiated exercise; however, inhibition of these receptors prior to the exercise sessions did not block its efficacy indicating that there may be redundancy in the mechanisms through which exercise reduces cocaine-seeking. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that addiction treatments, including exercise, should be tailored for early versus late phases of abstinence since their effectiveness will vary over abstinence due to the dynamic nature of the underlying neuroadaptations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean M. Abel
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Tanseli Nesil
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | | | - Patrick A. Grant
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Wendy J. Lynch
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA,Corresponding Author: Wendy J. Lynch, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, PO Box 801402, Charlottesville, VA 22904; Tel: (434) 243-0580; Fax: (434) 973-7031;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Alonso-Caraballo Y, Jorgensen ET, Brown T, Ferrario CR. Functional and structural plasticity contributing to obesity: roles for sex, diet, and individual susceptibility. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2018; 23:160-170. [PMID: 31058203 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of cortico-striatal pathways in cue-triggered motivational processes have been extensively studied. However, recent work has begun to examine the potential contribution of plasticity in these circuits to obesity. Despite the inclusion of women in human obesity studies examining neurobehavioral alterations in cue-triggered motivation, preclinical studies have focused mainly on male subjects. This lack of female subjects in preclinical research had led to a gap in the basic understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying over-eating in females. In this review, we highlight recent work from our lab and others that has begun to elucidate how diet, obesity, and individual susceptibility to weight gain influence functional and structural plasticity within the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex in adult rats. As is the case throughout neuroscience, studies of females or sex differences are largely lacking in this area. Thus, below we describe preliminary neurobehavioral results from female studies in our labs and point out areas for future investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Travis Brown
- Neuroscience Program, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY.,Pharmaceutical Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY
| | - Carrie R Ferrario
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Huang M, Yan C, Yang X, Zhou X, Lv W, Guo N, Li Y, Bai J. Thioredoxin-1 downregulation in the nucleus accumbens promotes methamphetamine-primed reinstatement in mice. Neuropharmacology 2018; 139:117-123. [PMID: 29981334 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Relapse of drug abuse after abstinence is a major challenge to the treatment of addicts. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) is an important regulator of neuroprotection, and inhibits morphine-induced hyperlocomotion, reward and withdrawal signs, as well as blocks methamphetamine (METH)-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is essential for relapse like behavior in reinstatement animal models. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of Trx-1 in the NAc in METH-primed reinstatement by using a reinstatement procedure in mice. Adeno-associated virus vectors expressing shRNA-mTrx-1 (AAV-shRNA-mTrx-1) were bilaterally microinjected into the NAc after METH-CPP extinction. The results showed that Trx-1 downregulation in the NAc promoted the reinstatement of METH-CPP. We also examined the expression of N-methyl-D-asparate (NMDA) receptor 2B subunit (GluN2b), the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) and phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein (p-CREB) in the NAc by western blot analysis, and found that the GluN2b expression, p-ERK and p-CREB levels were increased in the NAc in response to low-dose METH in AAV-shRNA-mTrx-1 mice, but were not changed in control and AAV-vehicle mice. These data indicate that the increased GluN2b expression, and p-ERK and p-CREB levels in the NAc of AAV-shRNA-mTrx-1 mice may be responsible for the METH-primed reinstatement. Thus, we suggest that downregulation of Trx-1 in the NAc may make mice more sensitive to METH reinstatement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengbing Huang
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Wei Lv
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ningning Guo
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ye Li
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Jie Bai
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li X, Peng XQ, Jordan CJ, Li J, Bi GH, He Y, Yang HJ, Zhang HY, Gardner EL, Xi ZX. mGluR5 antagonism inhibits cocaine reinforcement and relapse by elevation of extracellular glutamate in the nucleus accumbens via a CB1 receptor mechanism. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3686. [PMID: 29487381 PMCID: PMC5829076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) antagonism inhibits cocaine self-administration and reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this action are poorly understood. Here we report a presynaptic glutamate/cannabinoid mechanism that may underlie this action. Systemic or intra-nucleus accumbens (NAc) administration of the mGluR5 antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP) dose-dependently reduced cocaine (and sucrose) self-administration and cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior. The reduction in cocaine-taking and cocaine-seeking was associated with a reduction in cocaine-enhanced extracellular glutamate, but not cocaine-enhanced extracellular dopamine (DA) in the NAc. MPEP alone, when administered systemically or locally into the NAc, elevated extracellular glutamate, but not DA. Similarly, the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, rimonabant, elevated NAc glutamate, not DA. mGluR5s were found mainly in striatal medium-spiny neurons, not in astrocytes, and MPEP-enhanced extracellular glutamate was blocked by a NAc CB1 receptor antagonist or N-type Ca++ channel blocker, suggesting that a retrograde endocannabinoid-signaling mechanism underlies MPEP-induced glutamate release. This interpretation was further supported by our findings that genetic deletion of CB1 receptors in CB1-knockout mice blocked both MPEP-enhanced extracellular glutamate and MPEP-induced reductions in cocaine self-administration. Together, these results indicate that the therapeutic anti-cocaine effects of mGluR5 antagonists are mediated by elevation of extracellular glutamate in the NAc via an endocannabinoid-CB1 receptor disinhibition mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Xiao-Qing Peng
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.,Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Department of Behavioral Health, Saint Elizabeths Hospital, 1100 Alabama Ave. SE, Washington, DC, 20032, USA
| | - Chloe J Jordan
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yi He
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Hong-Ju Yang
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Hai-Ying Zhang
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Eliot L Gardner
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Guo Y, Luo C, Tu G, Li C, Liu Y, Liu W, Lam Yung KK, Mo Z. Rhynchophylline Downregulates Phosphorylated cAMP Response Element Binding Protein, Nuclear Receptor-related-1, and Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the Hippocampus of Ketamine-induced Conditioned Place Preference Rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2018; 14:81-86. [PMID: 29576706 PMCID: PMC5858247 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_90_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Addiction to ketamine is becoming a serious public health issues, for which there exists no effective treatment. Rhynchophylline (Rhy) is an alkaloid extracted from certain Uncaria species that is well known for both its potent anti-addictive and neuroprotective properties. Increasing evidence supports the contributions of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), nuclear receptor-related-1 (Nurr1), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in modulating neural and behavioral plasticity which was induced by addictive drugs. Objective: To investigate the effects of Rhy on the behavior and the levels of phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB), Nurr1, and BDNF in the hippocampus of ketamine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) rats. Materials and Methods: CPP paradigm was used to establish the model of ketamine-dependent rats and to evaluate the effect of Rhy on ketamine dependence. The expressions of p-CREB, Nurr1, and BDNF were tested by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results: We observed that Rhy can reverse the behavior preference induced by ketamine CPP training. At the same time, expression of p-CREB, Nurr1, and BDNF, which was significantly increased by ketamine, was restored in the Rhy -treated group. Conclusion: This study indicates that Rhy can reverse the reward effect induced by ketamine in rats and the mechanism can probably be related to regulate the hippocampal protein expression of p-CREB, Nurr1, and BDNF. SUMMARY P-CREB, Nurr1 and BDNF play an important role in the formation of ketamine-induced place preference in rats Rhynchophylline reversed the expression of p-CREB, Nurr1 and BDNF which was activated by ketamine in the hippocampus Rhynchophylline demonstrates the potential effect of mediates ketamine induced rewarding effect.
Abbreviations used: Rhy: Rhynchophylline; CREB: cAMP response element binding protein; Nurr1: Nuclear receptor-related-1; BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CPP: Conditioned place preference; NMDA: N-methyl-D-aspartic acid; METH: Methamphetamine; CNS: Central nervous system; PFA: Paraformaldehyde; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; LTP: long-term potentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youli Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaohua Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Genghong Tu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ken Kin Lam Yung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhixian Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Namba MD, Tomek SE, Olive MF, Beckmann JS, Gipson CD. The Winding Road to Relapse: Forging a New Understanding of Cue-Induced Reinstatement Models and Their Associated Neural Mechanisms. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:17. [PMID: 29479311 PMCID: PMC5811475 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In drug addiction, cues previously associated with drug use can produce craving and frequently trigger the resumption of drug taking in individuals vulnerable to relapse. Environmental stimuli associated with drugs or natural reinforcers can become reliably conditioned to increase behavior that was previously reinforced. In preclinical models of addiction, these cues enhance both drug self-administration and reinstatement of drug seeking. In this review, we will dissociate the roles of conditioned stimuli as reinforcers from their modulatory or discriminative functions in producing drug-seeking behavior. As well, we will examine possible differences in neurobiological encoding underlying these functional differences. Specifically, we will discuss how models of drug addiction and relapse should more systematically evaluate these different types of stimuli to better understand the neurobiology underlying craving and relapse. In this way, behavioral and pharmacotherapeutic interventions may be better tailored to promote drug use cessation outcomes and long-term abstinence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Namba
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Seven E. Tomek
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - M. Foster Olive
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Joshua S. Beckmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Cassandra D. Gipson
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vengeliene V, Roßmanith M, Takahashi TT, Alberati D, Behl B, Bespalov A, Spanagel R. Targeting Glycine Reuptake in Alcohol Seeking and Relapse. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:202-211. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.244822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
26
|
Hearing M, Graziane N, Dong Y, Thomas MJ. Opioid and Psychostimulant Plasticity: Targeting Overlap in Nucleus Accumbens Glutamate Signaling. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:276-294. [PMID: 29338873 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Commonalities in addictive behavior, such as craving, stimuli-driven drug seeking, and a high propensity for relapse following abstinence, have pushed for a unified theory of addiction that encompasses most abused substances. This unitary theory has recently been challenged - citing distinctions in structural neural plasticity, biochemical signaling, and neural circuitry to argue that addiction to opioids and psychostimulants is behaviorally and neurobiologically distinct. Recent more selective examination of drug-induced plasticity has highlighted that these two drug classes promote an overall reward circuitry signaling overlap through modifying excitatory synapses in the nucleus accumbens - a key constituent of the reward system. We discuss adaptations in presynaptic/postsynaptic and extrasynaptic glutamate signaling produced by opioids and psychostimulants, and their relevance to circuit remodeling and addiction-related behavior - arguing that these core neural adaptations are important targets for developing pharmacotherapies to treat addiction to multiple drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hearing
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
| | - Nicholas Graziane
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Yan Dong
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Mark J Thomas
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Reker AN, Oliveros A, Sullivan JM, Nahar L, Hinton DJ, Kim T, Bruner RC, Choi DS, Goeders NE, Nam HW. Neurogranin in the nucleus accumbens regulates NMDA receptor tolerance and motivation for ethanol seeking. Neuropharmacology 2017; 131:58-67. [PMID: 29225043 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) signaling in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Neurogranin (Ng), a calmodulin-binding protein, is exclusively expressed in the post-synapse, and mediates NMDAR driven synaptic plasticity by regulating the calcium-calmodulin (Ca2+-CaM) pathway. To study the functional role of Ng in AUD, we administrated behavior tests including Pavlovian instrument transfer (PIT), operant conditioning, and rotarod test using Ng null mice (Ng-/- mice). We used adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated Ng expression and pharmacological manipulation to validate behavioral responses in Ng-/- mice. The results from our multidisciplinary approaches demonstrated that deficit of Ng increases tolerance to NMDAR inhibition and elicit faster cue reactivity during PIT without changes in ethanol reward. Operant conditioning results demonstrated that Ng-/- mice self-administered significantly more ethanol and displayed reduced sensitivity to aversive motivation. We identified that ethanol exposure decreases mGluR5 (metabotropic glutamate receptor 5) expression in the NAc of Ng-/- mice and pharmacological inhibition of mGluR5 reverses NMDAR desensitization in Ng-/- mice. Together these findings specifically suggest that accumbal Ng plays an essential role in the counterbalance between NMDAR and mGluR5 signaling; which alters NMDAR resistance, and thereby altering aversive motivation for ethanol and may ultimately contribute to susceptibility for alcohol addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashlie N Reker
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Alfredo Oliveros
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - John M Sullivan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Lailun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - David J Hinton
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Taehyun Kim
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Robert C Bruner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Nicholas E Goeders
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Hyung W Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hammad AM, Alasmari F, Althobaiti YS, Sari Y. Modulatory effects of Ampicillin/Sulbactam on glial glutamate transporters and metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 as well as reinstatement to cocaine-seeking behavior. Behav Brain Res 2017. [PMID: 28624317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glutamatergic system has an important role in cocaine-seeking behavior. Studies have reported that chronic exposure to cocaine induces downregulation of glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) and cystine/glutamate exchanger (xCT) in the central reward brain regions. Ceftriaxone, a β-lactam antibiotic, restored GLT-1 expression and consequently reduced cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior. In this study, we investigated the reinstatement to cocaine (20mg/kg, i.p.) seeking behavior using a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm in male alcohol-preferring (P) rats. In addition, we investigated the effects of Ampicillin/Sulbactam (AMP/SUL) (200mg/kg, i.p.), a β-lactam antibiotic, on cocaine-induced reinstatement. We also investigated the effects of AMP/SUL on the expression of glial glutamate transporters and metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core and shell and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). We found that AMP/SUL treatment reduced cocaine-triggered reinstatement. This effect was associated with a decrease in locomotor activity. Moreover, GLT-1 and xCT were downregulated in the NAc core and shell, but not in the dmPFC, following cocaine-primed reinstatement. However, cocaine exposure increased the expression of mGluR1 in the NAc core, but not in the NAc shell or dmPFC. Importantly, AMP/SUL treatment normalized GLT-1 and xCT expression in the NAc core and shell; however, the drug normalized mGluR1 expression in the NAc core only. Additionally, AMP/SUL increased the expression of GLT-1 and xCT in the dmPFC as compared to the water naïve group. These findings demonstrated that glial glutamate transporters and mGluR1 in the mesocorticolimbic area could be potential therapeutic targets for the attenuation of reinstatement to cocaine-seeking behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M Hammad
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Yusuf S Althobaiti
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Scofield MD, Heinsbroek JA, Gipson CD, Kupchik YM, Spencer S, Smith ACW, Roberts-Wolfe D, Kalivas PW. The Nucleus Accumbens: Mechanisms of Addiction across Drug Classes Reflect the Importance of Glutamate Homeostasis. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 68:816-71. [PMID: 27363441 DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.012484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens is a major input structure of the basal ganglia and integrates information from cortical and limbic structures to mediate goal-directed behaviors. Chronic exposure to several classes of drugs of abuse disrupts plasticity in this region, allowing drug-associated cues to engender a pathologic motivation for drug seeking. A number of alterations in glutamatergic transmission occur within the nucleus accumbens after withdrawal from chronic drug exposure. These drug-induced neuroadaptations serve as the molecular basis for relapse vulnerability. In this review, we focus on the role that glutamate signal transduction in the nucleus accumbens plays in addiction-related behaviors. First, we explore the nucleus accumbens, including the cell types and neuronal populations present as well as afferent and efferent connections. Next we discuss rodent models of addiction and assess the viability of these models for testing candidate pharmacotherapies for the prevention of relapse. Then we provide a review of the literature describing how synaptic plasticity in the accumbens is altered after exposure to drugs of abuse and withdrawal and also how pharmacological manipulation of glutamate systems in the accumbens can inhibit drug seeking in the laboratory setting. Finally, we examine results from clinical trials in which pharmacotherapies designed to manipulate glutamate systems have been effective in treating relapse in human patients. Further elucidation of how drugs of abuse alter glutamatergic plasticity within the accumbens will be necessary for the development of new therapeutics for the treatment of addiction across all classes of addictive substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Scofield
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (M.D.S., J.A.H., S.S., D.R.-W., P.W.K.); Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona (C.D.G.); Department of Neuroscience, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel (Y.M.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (A.C.W.S.)
| | - J A Heinsbroek
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (M.D.S., J.A.H., S.S., D.R.-W., P.W.K.); Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona (C.D.G.); Department of Neuroscience, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel (Y.M.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (A.C.W.S.)
| | - C D Gipson
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (M.D.S., J.A.H., S.S., D.R.-W., P.W.K.); Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona (C.D.G.); Department of Neuroscience, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel (Y.M.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (A.C.W.S.)
| | - Y M Kupchik
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (M.D.S., J.A.H., S.S., D.R.-W., P.W.K.); Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona (C.D.G.); Department of Neuroscience, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel (Y.M.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (A.C.W.S.)
| | - S Spencer
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (M.D.S., J.A.H., S.S., D.R.-W., P.W.K.); Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona (C.D.G.); Department of Neuroscience, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel (Y.M.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (A.C.W.S.)
| | - A C W Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (M.D.S., J.A.H., S.S., D.R.-W., P.W.K.); Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona (C.D.G.); Department of Neuroscience, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel (Y.M.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (A.C.W.S.)
| | - D Roberts-Wolfe
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (M.D.S., J.A.H., S.S., D.R.-W., P.W.K.); Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona (C.D.G.); Department of Neuroscience, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel (Y.M.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (A.C.W.S.)
| | - P W Kalivas
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (M.D.S., J.A.H., S.S., D.R.-W., P.W.K.); Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona (C.D.G.); Department of Neuroscience, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel (Y.M.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (A.C.W.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Goodwani S, Saternos H, Alasmari F, Sari Y. Metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors as potential targets for the treatment of alcohol use disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 77:14-31. [PMID: 28242339 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that dysfunctional glutamate neurotransmission is critical in the initiation and development of alcohol and drug dependence. Alcohol consumption induced downregulation of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) as reported in previous studies from our laboratory. Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, which acts via interactions with several glutamate receptors. Alcohol consumption interferes with the glutamatergic signal transmission by altering the functions of these receptors. Among the glutamate receptors involved in alcohol-drinking behavior are the metabotropic receptors such as mGluR1/5, mGluR2/3, and mGluR7, as well as the ionotropic receptors, NMDA and AMPA. Preclinical studies using agonists and antagonists implicate these glutamatergic receptors in the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss the neurocircuitry involving glutamate transmission in animals exposed to alcohol and further outline the role of metabotropic and ionotropic receptors in the regulation of alcohol-drinking behavior. This review provides ample information about the potential therapeutic role of glutamatergic receptors for the treatment of AUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Goodwani
- University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; The Neurodegeneration Consortium, Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Hannah Saternos
- University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Youssef Sari
- University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hopf FW. Do specific NMDA receptor subunits act as gateways for addictive behaviors? GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 16:118-138. [PMID: 27706932 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Addiction to alcohol and drugs is a major social and economic problem, and there is considerable interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms that promote addictive drives. A number of proteins have been identified that contribute to expression of addictive behaviors. NMDA receptors (NMDARs), a subclass of ionotropic glutamate receptors, have been of particular interest because their physiological properties make them an attractive candidate for gating induction of synaptic plasticity, a molecular change thought to mediate learning and memory. NMDARs are generally inactive at the hyperpolarized resting potentials of many neurons. However, given sufficient depolarization, NMDARs are activated and exhibit long-lasting currents with significant calcium permeability. Also, in addition to stimulating neurons by direct depolarization, NMDARs and their calcium signaling can allow strong and/or synchronized inputs to produce long-term changes in other molecules (such as AMPA-type glutamate receptors) which can last from days to years, binding internal and external stimuli in a long-term memory trace. Such memories could allow salient drug-related stimuli to exert strong control over future behaviors and thus promote addictive drives. Finally, NMDARs may themselves undergo plasticity, which can alter subsequent neuronal stimulation and/or the ability to induce plasticity. This review will address recent and past findings suggesting that NMDAR activity promotes drug- and alcohol-related behaviors, with a particular focus on GluN2B subunits as possible central regulators of many addictive behaviors, as well as newer studies examining the importance of non-canonical NMDAR subunits and endogenous NMDAR cofactors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F W Hopf
- Alcohol and Addiction Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hoffmann HM, Crouzin N, Moreno E, Raivio N, Fuentes S, McCormick PJ, Ortiz J, Vignes M. Long-Lasting Impairment of mGluR5-Activated Intracellular Pathways in the Striatum After Withdrawal of Cocaine Self-Administration. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 20:72-82. [PMID: 27744406 PMCID: PMC5412585 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine addiction continues to be a major heath concern, and despite public health intervention there is a lack of efficient pharmacological treatment options. A newly identified potential target are the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, with allosteric modulators showing particular promise. METHODS We evaluated the capacity of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors to induce functional responses in ex vivo striatal slices from rats with (1) acute cocaine self-administration, (2) chronic cocaine self-administration, and (3) 60 days cocaine self-administration withdrawal by Western blot and extracellular recordings of synaptic transmission. RESULTS We found that striatal group I metabotropic glutamate receptors are the principal mediator of the mGluR1/5 agonist (RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine-induced cAMP responsive-element binding protein phosphorylation. Both acute and chronic cocaine self-administration blunted group I metabotropic glutamate receptor effects on cAMP responsive-element binding protein phosphorylation in the striatum, which correlated with the capacity to induce long-term depression, an effect that was maintained 60 days after chronic cocaine self-administration withdrawal. In the nucleus accumbens, the principal brain region mediating the rewarding effects of drugs, chronic cocaine self-administration blunted group I metabotropic glutamate receptor stimulation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 and cAMP responsive-element binding protein. Interestingly, the group I metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist/inverse-agonist, 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride, led to a specific increase in cAMP responsive-element binding protein phosphorylation after chronic cocaine self-administration, specifically in the nucleus accumbens, but not in the striatum. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged cocaine self-administration, through withdrawal, leads to a blunting of group I metabotropic glutamate receptor responses in the striatum. In addition, specifically in the accumbens, group I metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling to cAMP responsive-element binding protein shifts from an agonist-induced to an antagonist-induced cAMP responsive-element binding protein phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Mette Hoffmann
- Oxidative Stress and Neuroprotection, IBMM, CNRS UMR-5247, University of Montpellier II, Montpellier, France (Drs Hoffmann, Crouzin, and Vignes); Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain (Dr Hoffmann, Ms Raivio, Dr Fuentes, and Dr Ortiz); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Moreno and McCormick); University of East Anglia, School of Pharmacy, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, United Kingdom (Dr McCormick)
| | - Nadine Crouzin
- Oxidative Stress and Neuroprotection, IBMM, CNRS UMR-5247, University of Montpellier II, Montpellier, France (Drs Hoffmann, Crouzin, and Vignes); Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain (Dr Hoffmann, Ms Raivio, Dr Fuentes, and Dr Ortiz); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Moreno and McCormick); University of East Anglia, School of Pharmacy, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, United Kingdom (Dr McCormick)
| | - Estefanía Moreno
- Oxidative Stress and Neuroprotection, IBMM, CNRS UMR-5247, University of Montpellier II, Montpellier, France (Drs Hoffmann, Crouzin, and Vignes); Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain (Dr Hoffmann, Ms Raivio, Dr Fuentes, and Dr Ortiz); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Moreno and McCormick); University of East Anglia, School of Pharmacy, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, United Kingdom (Dr McCormick)
| | - Noora Raivio
- Oxidative Stress and Neuroprotection, IBMM, CNRS UMR-5247, University of Montpellier II, Montpellier, France (Drs Hoffmann, Crouzin, and Vignes); Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain (Dr Hoffmann, Ms Raivio, Dr Fuentes, and Dr Ortiz); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Moreno and McCormick); University of East Anglia, School of Pharmacy, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, United Kingdom (Dr McCormick)
| | - Silvia Fuentes
- Oxidative Stress and Neuroprotection, IBMM, CNRS UMR-5247, University of Montpellier II, Montpellier, France (Drs Hoffmann, Crouzin, and Vignes); Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain (Dr Hoffmann, Ms Raivio, Dr Fuentes, and Dr Ortiz); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Moreno and McCormick); University of East Anglia, School of Pharmacy, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, United Kingdom (Dr McCormick)
| | - Peter J. McCormick
- Oxidative Stress and Neuroprotection, IBMM, CNRS UMR-5247, University of Montpellier II, Montpellier, France (Drs Hoffmann, Crouzin, and Vignes); Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain (Dr Hoffmann, Ms Raivio, Dr Fuentes, and Dr Ortiz); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain (Drs Moreno and McCormick); University of East Anglia, School of Pharmacy, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, United Kingdom (Dr McCormick)
| | - Jordi Ortiz
- Present address (H.M.H.): Department of Reproductive Medicine, 349 Leichtag Biomedical Research Building, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0674
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Metabolic shift of the kynurenine pathway impairs alcohol and cocaine seeking and relapse. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:3449-59. [PMID: 27475106 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The glutamatergic system plays a key role in the maintenance of drug use and development of drug-related conditioned behaviours. In particular, hyper-glutamatergic activity and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation may drive drug craving and relapse. Inhibition of kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO) shifts the metabolic kynurenine pathway towards production of kynurenic acid, which leads to a reduction of glutamatergic/NMDAR activity via different mechanisms. OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated whether drug-seeking and relapse behaviour could be modified by the metabolic shift of endogenous kynurenine pathway. METHODS An inhibitor of kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO) Ro61-8048 (4 and 40 mg/kg) and its prodrug JM6 (100 and 200 mg/kg) were tested in two behavioural rat models for drug seeking and relapse-the alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) model in long-term alcohol-drinking rats and the model of cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol- and cocaine-seeking behaviour. RESULTS Our results show that relapse-like alcohol drinking during the ADE was abolished by repeated intraperitoneal administration of Ro61-8048 and significantly reduced by its oral prodrug JM6. Cue-induced reinstatement of both alcohol- and cocaine-seeking behaviour was also abolished by administration of Ro61-8048. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological enhancement of endogenous kynurenic acid levels provides a novel treatment strategy to interfere with glutamatergic/NMDAR activity as well as with craving and relapse in alcohol-dependent patients and drug addicts.
Collapse
|
34
|
McGlinchey EM, James MH, Mahler SV, Pantazis C, Aston-Jones G. Prelimbic to Accumbens Core Pathway Is Recruited in a Dopamine-Dependent Manner to Drive Cued Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking. J Neurosci 2016; 36:8700-11. [PMID: 27535915 PMCID: PMC4987439 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1291-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Glutamate inputs to nucleus accumbens (NAc) facilitate conditioned drug-seeking behavior and primarily originate from medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), basolateral amygdala (BLA), and ventral subiculum of the hippocampus (vSub). These regions express Fos (a marker of neural activity) during cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking, but only subpopulations of neurons within these regions drive drug seeking. One way to identify and functionally distinguish neural subpopulations activated during drug-seeking is to examine their projection targets. In rats, we examined Fos expression during cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine- and sucrose-seeking in prelimbic cortex (PL), infralimbic cortex (IL), BLA, and vSub neurons that project to NAc core (NAcC) or NAc shell (NAcSh). Neurons in PL, BLA, and vSub that project to NAcC, but not NAcSh, expressed Fos during cue-induced cocaine seeking, but not sucrose seeking. However, only activation of the PL-NAcC pathway positively correlated with cocaine reinstatement behavior, unlike BLA or vSub inputs to NAcC. To confirm a functional role for the PL-NAcC pathway, and to test the hypothesis that this pathway is recruited in a dopamine-dependent manner, we used a pharmacological disconnection approach whereby dopamine signaling was blocked in PL and glutamate signaling was blocked in the contralateral NAcC. This disconnection attenuated cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking but had no effect on reinstatement of sucrose seeking. Our results highlight a role for the PL-NAcC pathway in cocaine seeking and show that these glutamatergic projections are recruited in a dopamine-dependent manner to drive reinstatement. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Relapse represents a significant barrier to the successful treatment of cocaine addiction. Here, we characterize the relative activation of glutamatergic inputs to nucleus accumbens during cued reinstatement of cocaine seeking versus sucrose seeking. Prelimbic cortex (PL) projections to nucleus accumbens core (NAcC) uniquely expressed Fos in a manner that positively correlated with cocaine-seeking, but not sucrose-seeking, behavior. Additional functional experiments showed that the PL-NAcC pathway was recruited by drug-associated cues in a dopamine-dependent manner to drive cocaine-seeking, but not sucrose-seeking, behavior. These data highlight PL neurons that project to NAcC, and their regulation by dopamine, as potential targets for therapeutics designed to treat cocaine relapse that do not affect natural reward seeking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M McGlinchey
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29403, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University and Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, and
| | - Morgan H James
- Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University and Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, and
| | - Stephen V Mahler
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29403, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Caroline Pantazis
- Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University and Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, and
| | - Gary Aston-Jones
- Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University and Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, and
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
NMDA antagonist MK 801 in nucleus accumbens core but not shell disrupts the restraint stress-induced reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-conditioned place preference in rats. Behav Brain Res 2016; 315:150-9. [PMID: 27506656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Relapse is a common feature of cocaine addiction. In rodents, it can be elicited by cues, stress or the drug. Restraint stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine-conditioned place preference (CPP) is a useful model to study the mechanisms involved in stress-induced relapse of drug-seeking behavior. There is evidence that the glutamate NMDA receptors are critically involved in drug- and cue-induced reinstatement of seeking behavior and drug-CPP responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of NMDA receptors within core vs. shell nucleus accumbens (NAc) subregions to restraint stress-induced reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-CPP. After extinction of cocaine-conditioned preference, animals were administered MK 801 systemically or directly into intra-core or intra-shell, and restrained for 30min or left undisturbed in their home-cages. First, we demonstrated that restraint stress-induced reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-CPP depends on the duration of restraint as well as on the context in which it is applied. Second, this effect was blocked by systemic MK 801 administration either before or after restraint. Third, intra-core but not intra-shell administration abrogated the restraint stress-induced reinstatement. These findings show that NMDA receptors within NAc core, but not shell, play a critical role in restraint stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine-CPP.
Collapse
|
36
|
Perry CJ, Reed F, Zbukvic IC, Kim JH, Lawrence AJ. The metabotropic glutamate 5 receptor is necessary for extinction of cocaine-associated cues. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1085-94. [PMID: 26784278 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is currently no medication approved specifically to treat cocaine addiction. Behavioural interventions such as cue exposure therapy (CET) rely heavily on new learning. Antagonism of the metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5 ) receptor has emerged as a potential treatment, by reducing the reinforcing properties of cocaine. However, mGlu5 receptor activity is necessary for learning; therefore, such agents could interfere with behavioural treatments. We used a novel rodent model of CET to test the effects of mGlu5 negative and positive allosteric modulators (NAM and PAM) on behavioural therapy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rats were trained to press a lever for cocaine in the presence of a discrete cue [conditioned stimulus (CS)] and then extinguished in the absence of the CS. Following lever extinction, half the rats received CS extinction in the same chambers but with the levers withdrawn; the remaining rats received no CS extinction. Before this session, rats received a systemic administration of either vehicle or a mGlu5 NAM (MTEP, experiment 1) or PAM (CDPPB, experiment 2). Cue-induced reinstatement was tested in a drug-free session the following day. KEY RESULTS At reinstatement, rats that had received CS extinction showed reduced responding. This effect was attenuated by MTEP treatment before CS extinction. In contrast, administration of CDPPB (PAM) led to decreased reinstatement the following day, regardless of extinction condition. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that mGlu5 receptor activity is both necessary and sufficient for efficient extinction of a cocaine-associated CS. Therefore, mGlu5 PAMs could enhance the efficacy of CET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina J Perry
- Behavioural Neuroscience Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC,, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Felicia Reed
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Isabel C Zbukvic
- Behavioural Neuroscience Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC,, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Behavioural Neuroscience Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC,, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- Behavioural Neuroscience Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC,, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fitzpatrick CJ, Perrine SA, Ghoddoussi F, Galloway MP, Morrow JD. Sign-trackers have elevated myo-inositol in the nucleus accumbens and ventral hippocampus following Pavlovian conditioned approach. J Neurochem 2016; 136:1196-1203. [PMID: 26725566 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pavlovian conditioned approach (PCA) is a behavioral procedure that can be used to assess individual differences in the addiction vulnerability of drug-naïve rats and identify addiction vulnerability factors. Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) ex vivo, we simultaneously analyzed concentrations of multiple neurochemicals throughout the mesocorticolimbic system 2 weeks after PCA training in order to identify potential vulnerability factors to addiction in drug-naïve rats for future investigations. Levels of myo-inositol (Ins), a 1 H-MRS-detectable marker of glial activity/proliferation, were increased in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventral hippocampus, but not dorsal hippocampus or medial prefrontal cortex, of sign-trackers compared to goal-trackers or intermediate responders. In addition, Ins levels positively correlated with PCA behavior in the NAc and ventral hippocampus. Because the sign-tracker phenotype is associated with increased drug-seeking behavior, these results observed in drug-naïve rats suggest that alterations in glial activity/proliferation within these regions may represent an addiction vulnerability factor. Sign-tracking rats preferentially approach reward cues during Pavlovian conditioning, while goal-trackers instead approach the location of impending reward. Sign-trackers are also more prone to cue-induced drug-seeking behavior. We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy to show that myo-inositol levels are higher in the ventral hippocampus and nucleus accumbens of sign-trackers relative to goal-trackers. Thus, elevated myo-inositol may be a vulnerability factor for addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shane A Perrine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Farhad Ghoddoussi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthew P Galloway
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jonathan D Morrow
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Siahposht-Khachaki A, Fatahi Z, Haghparast A. Reduction of the Morphine Maintenance by Blockade of the NMDA Receptors during Extinction Period in Conditioned Place Preference Paradigm of Rats. Basic Clin Neurosci 2016; 7:341-350. [PMID: 27872695 PMCID: PMC5102563 DOI: 10.15412/j.bcn.03070407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors in the nucleus
accumbens is a component of drug-induced reward mechanism. In addition, NMDA
receptors play a major role in brain reward system and activation of these
receptors can change firing pattern of dopamine neurons. Blockade of glutamatergic
neurotransmission reduces the expression of conditioned place preference (CPP)
induced by morphine. Therefore, in this study, by using an NMDA receptor
antagonist, DL-2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid sodium salt (AP5), the role of
NMDA receptors on the maintenance and reinstatement of morphine-CPP was
investigated. Methods: Forty-three adult male albino Wistar rats were used in this study. After
subcutaneous administration of effective dose of morphine (5 mg/kg) during CPP
paradigm, the animals received intracerebroventricular doses of AP5(1, 5, and 25
mM/5μL saline) during extinction period (free morphine stage).
Conditioning score was recorded during extinction period and reinstatement phase.
Besides, another group of the animals received a single dose administration of
AP5(5 mM) just before the administration of ineffective dose of morphine (1 mg/kg)
in reinstatement phase. Results: The results revealed that two doses of this antagonist (5 and 25 mM) significantly
shortened the extinction period of morphine-CPP but did not reduce reinstatement
induced by priming dose of morphine. Moreover, the single dose administration of
AP5(5 mM) just before prime-morphine injection decreased reinstatement of
morphine-CPP. Conclusion: These findings indicate that blockade of NMDA receptors during extinction period
reduces maintenance but not reinstatement of morphine. In addition, blocking these
receptors in reinstatement phase decreases reinstatement to extinguished
morphine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Siahposht-Khachaki
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ramsar International Branch, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zahra Fatahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sommer S, Hauber W. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the ventral tegmental area mediate the excitatory influence of Pavlovian stimuli on instrumental performance. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 221:4399-4409. [PMID: 26691586 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pavlovian stimuli predictive of food can markedly amplify instrumental responding for food. This effect is termed Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT). The ventral tegmental area (VTA) plays a key role in mediating PIT, however, it is yet unknown whether N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors in the VTA are involved in PIT. Here, we examined the effects of an NMDA-receptor blockade in the VTA on PIT. Immediately prior to PIT testing, rats were subjected to intra-VTA infusions of vehicle or of the NMDA-receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP-5) (1, 5 µg/side). In rats that received AP-5 at the lower dose, the PIT effect was intact, i.e. presentation of the Pavlovian stimulus enhanced instrumental responding. By contrast, in rats that received AP-5 at the higher dose, the PIT effect was blocked. The data suggest that NMDA receptors in the VTA mediate the activating effects of Pavlovian stimuli on instrumental responding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Sommer
- Department Animal Physiology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hauber
- Department Animal Physiology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
The Dorsal Agranular Insular Cortex Regulates the Cued Reinstatement of Cocaine-Seeking, but not Food-Seeking, Behavior in Rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:2425-33. [PMID: 25837282 PMCID: PMC4538357 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies suggest that the insular cortex (IC), and particularly its posterior region (the PIc), is involved in nicotine craving and relapse in humans and rodents. The present experiments were conducted to determine whether the IC and its different subregions regulate relapse to cocaine-seeking behavior in rats. To address this issue, male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent cocaine self-administration followed by extinction training and reinstatement tests. Before each reinstatement, the PIc or the more anterior dorsal agranular IC (AId) was inactivated to determine their roles in the reinstatement to cocaine seeking. In contrast to the nicotine findings, PIc inactivation had no effect on cue-induced reinstatement for cocaine seeking. However, AId inactivation reduced cued reinstatement while having no effect on cocaine-prime reinstatement. AId inactivation had no effect on reinstatement of food-seeking behavior induced by cues, a food-prime, or cues+food-prime. Based on previous work hypothesizing a role for corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the IC during craving and relapse, a subsequent experiment found that CRF receptor-1 (CRF1) blockade in the AId similarly reduced cued reinstatement. Our results suggest that the AId, along with CRF1 receptors in this region, regulates reinstatement to cocaine seeking, but not food seeking, depending on the type of reinstatement, whereas PIc activity does not influence cue-induced reinstatement.
Collapse
|
41
|
Schmidt HD, Kimmey BA, Arreola AC, Pierce RC. Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated activation of PKC gamma in the nucleus accumbens core promotes the reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Addict Biol 2015; 20:285-96. [PMID: 24506432 PMCID: PMC4380181 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that type I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in the nucleus accumbens play a critical role in cocaine seeking. The present study sought to determine the role of accumbens core mGluR1, mGluR5 and protein kinase C (PKC) in cocaine priming-induced reinstatement of drug seeking. Here, we show that intra-accumbens core administration of the mGluR1/5 agonist DHPG (250 μM) promoted cocaine seeking in rats. Consistent with these results, administration of an mGluR1 (50.0 μM YM 298198) or mGluR5 (9.0 μM MPEP) antagonist directly into the accumbens core prior to a priming injection of cocaine (10 mg/kg) attenuated the reinstatement of drug seeking. mGluR1/5 stimulation activates a signaling cascade including PKC. Intracore microinjection of PKC inhibitors (10 μM Ro 31-8220 or 30.0 μM chelerythrine) also blunted cocaine seeking. In addition, cocaine priming-induced reinstatement of drug seeking was associated with increased phosphorylation of PKCγ, but not PKCα or PKCβII, in the core. There were no effects of pharmacological inhibition of mGluR1, mGluR5 or PKC in the accumbens core on sucrose seeking. Together, these findings indicate that mGluR1 and mGluR5 activation in the accumbens core promotes cocaine seeking and that these effects are reinforcer specific. Furthermore, stimulation of mGluR1 and mGluR5 in the accumbens core may regulate cocaine seeking, in part, through activation of PKCγ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heath D Schmidt
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Reissner KJ, Gipson CD, Tran PK, Knackstedt LA, Scofield MD, Kalivas PW. Glutamate transporter GLT-1 mediates N-acetylcysteine inhibition of cocaine reinstatement. Addict Biol 2015; 20:316-23. [PMID: 24612076 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Both pre-clinical and clinical studies indicate that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may be useful in treating relapse to addictive drug use. Cocaine self-administration in rats reduces both cystine-glutamate exchange and glutamate transport via GLT-1 in the nucleus accumbens, and NAC treatment normalizes these two glial processes critical for maintaining glutamate homeostasis. However, it is not known if one or both of these actions by NAC is needed to inhibit relapse to cocaine seeking. To determine whether the restoration of GLT-1 and/or cystine-glutamate exchange is required for NAC to inhibit cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking, we utilized the rat self-administration/extinction/reinstatement model of cocaine relapse. Rats were pre-treated in the nucleus accumbens with vivo-morpholino antisense oligomers targeting either GLT-1 or xCT (catalytic subunit of the cystine-glutamate exchanger) overlapping with daily NAC administration during extinction (100 mg/kg, i.p. for the last 5 days). Rats then underwent cue-induced reinstatement of active lever pressing in the absence of NAC, to determine if preventing NAC-induced restoration of one or the other protein was sufficient to block the capacity of chronic NAC to inhibit reinstatement. The vivo-morpholino suppression of xCT reduced cystine-glutamate exchange but did not affect NAC-induced reduction of reinstated cocaine seeking. In contrast, suppressing NAC-induced restoration of GLT-1 not only prevented NAC from inhibiting reinstatement, but augmented the capacity of cues to reinstate cocaine seeking. We hypothesized that the increased reinstatement after inhibiting NAC induction of GLT-1 resulted from increased extracellular glutamate, and show that augmented reinstatement is prevented by blocking mGluR5. Restoring GLT-1, not cystine-glutamate exchange, is a key mechanism whereby daily NAC reduces cue-induced cocaine reinstatement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J. Reissner
- Department of Neurosciences; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
- Department of Psychology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Cassandra D. Gipson
- Department of Neurosciences; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
| | - Phuong K. Tran
- Department of Neurosciences; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
| | | | - Michael D. Scofield
- Department of Neurosciences; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
| | - Peter W. Kalivas
- Department of Neurosciences; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Modified RNA molecules have recently been shown to regulate nervous system functions. This mini-review and associated mini-symposium provide an overview of the types and known functions of novel modified RNAs in the nervous system, including covalently modified RNAs, edited RNAs, and circular RNAs. We discuss basic molecular mechanisms involving RNA modifications as well as the impact of modified RNAs and their regulation on neuronal processes and disorders, including neural fate specification, intellectual disability, neurodegeneration, dopamine neuron function, and substance use disorders.
Collapse
|
44
|
Pomierny-Chamiolo L, Miszkiel J, Frankowska M, Pomierny B, Niedzielska E, Smaga I, Fumagalli F, Filip M. Withdrawal from cocaine self-administration and yoked cocaine delivery dysregulates glutamatergic mGlu5 and NMDA receptors in the rat brain. Neurotox Res 2014; 27:246-58. [PMID: 25408547 PMCID: PMC4353866 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-014-9502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In human addicts and in animal models, chronic cocaine use leads to numerous alterations in glutamatergic transmission, including its receptors. The present study focused on metabotropic glutamatergic receptors type 5 (mGluR5) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits (NMDAR: GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B) proteins during cocaine self-administration and after 10-day of extinction training in rats. To discriminate the contingent from the non-contingent cocaine delivery, we employed the “yoked”-triad control procedure. Protein expression in rat prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, and dorsal striatum was determined. We also examined the Homer1b/c protein, a member of the postsynaptic density protein family that links NMDAR to mGluR5. Our results revealed that cocaine self-administration selectively increased GluN1 and GluN2A subunit in the rat hippocampus and dorsal striatum, respectively, while mGluR5 protein expression was similarly increased in the dorsal striatum of both experimental groups. Withdrawal from both contingent and non-contingent cocaine delivery induced parallel increases in prefrontal cortical GluN2A protein expression, hippocampal mGluR5, and GluN1 protein expression as well as in accumbal GluN1 subunit expression, while the mGluR5 expression was reduced in the prefrontal cortex. Extinction training in animals with a history of cocaine self-administration resulted in an elevation of the hippocampal GluN2A/GluN2B subunits and accumbal mGluR5, and in a 50 % decrease of mGluR5 protein expression in the dorsal striatum. The latter reduction was associated with Homer1b/1c protein level decrease. Our results showed that both contingent and non-contingent cocaine administration produces numerous, brain region specific, alterations in the mGluR5, NMDA, and Homer1b/1c protein expression which are dependent on the modality of cocaine administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucyna Pomierny-Chamiolo
- Department of Toxicology, Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Doyle SE, Ramôa C, Garber G, Newman J, Toor S, Lynch WJ. A shift in the role of glutamatergic signaling in the nucleus accumbens core with the development of an addicted phenotype. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:810-5. [PMID: 24629536 PMCID: PMC4133320 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While dopamine signaling in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a well-established role in motivating cocaine use in early nonaddicted stages, recent evidence suggests that other signaling pathways may be critical once addiction has developed. Given the importance of glutamatergic signaling in the NAc for drug seeking and relapse, here we examined its role in motivating cocaine self-administration under conditions known to produce either a nonaddicted or an addicted phenotype. METHODS Following acquisition, male and female Sprague Dawley rats were given either short access (three fixed-ratio 1 sessions, 20 infusions/day) or extended 24-hour access (10 days; 4 trials/hour; up to 96 infusions/day) to cocaine. Following a 14-day abstinence period, motivation for cocaine was assessed under a progressive-ratio schedule, and once stable, the effects of intra-NAc infusions of the glutamate alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate/kainate receptor antagonist CNQX (0, .01, .03, .1 μg/side) were determined. As an additional measure for the development of an addicted phenotype, separate groups of rats were screened under an extinction/cue-induced reinstatement procedure following abstinence from short-access versus extended-access self-administration. RESULTS Motivation for cocaine and levels of extinction and reinstatement responding were markedly higher following extended-access versus short-access self-administration, confirming the development of an addicted phenotype in the extended-access group. CNQX dose-dependently reduced motivation for cocaine in the extended-access group but was without effect in the short-access group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the role of glutamatergic signaling in the NAc, though not essential for motivating cocaine use in nonaddicted stages, becomes critical once addiction has developed.
Collapse
|
46
|
Huang CC, Liang YC, Lee CC, Hsu KS. Cocaine Withdrawal Impairs mGluR5-Dependent Long-Term Depression in Nucleus Accumbens Shell Neurons of Both Direct and Indirect Pathways. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:1223-1233. [PMID: 25319571 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that animals withdrawn from repeated cocaine exposure exhibited a selective deficit in the ability to elicit metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5)-dependent long-term depression (LTD) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell. To determine whether such impairment occurs in the NAc in a cell-type-specific manner, we used bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under the control of gene regulatory elements for the dopamine D1 receptor (Drd1) or dopamine D2 receptor (Drd2) to identify distinct subpopulations of medium spiny neurons (MSNs). We found that bath application of group I mGluR agonist (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) reliably induced LTD in both NAc shell and core MSNs of wild-type, hemizygous Drd1-eGFP, and Drd2-eGFP mice. Confirming our previous results, cocaine withdrawal selectively impaired DHPG-LTD in NAc shell Drd1-expressing direct and Drd2-expressing indirect pathway MSNs. We also found that the expression of DHPG-LTD in NAc MSNs was not affected by the Ca(2+)-permeable α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor antagonist 1-naphthyl acetyl spermine. Furthermore, systemic administration of mGluR5-negative allosteric modulator fenobam before the daily injection of cocaine preserved mGluR5 function and significantly reduced the expression of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization. These results reveal that withdrawal from repeated cocaine exposure may result in the impairment of NAc mGluR5-LTD in a subregion- but not cell-type-specific manner and suggests that pharmacological antagonism of mGluR5 may represent a potential strategy for reducing cocaine-induced addictive behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Chun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ching Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Che Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Sen Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Perry CJ, Zbukvic I, Kim JH, Lawrence AJ. Role of cues and contexts on drug-seeking behaviour. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:4636-72. [PMID: 24749941 PMCID: PMC4209936 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental stimuli are powerful mediators of craving and relapse in substance-abuse disorders. This review examined how animal models have been used to investigate the cognitive mechanisms through which cues are able to affect drug-seeking behaviour. We address how animal models can describe the way drug-associated cues come to facilitate the development and persistence of drug taking, as well as how these cues are critical to the tendency to relapse that characterizes substance-abuse disorders. Drug-associated cues acquire properties of conditioned reinforcement, incentive motivation and discriminative control, which allow them to influence drug-seeking behaviour. Using these models, researchers have been able to investigate the pharmacology subserving the behavioural impact of environmental stimuli, some of which we highlight. Subsequently, we examine whether the impact of drug-associated stimuli can be attenuated via a process of extinction, and how this question is addressed in the laboratory. We discuss how preclinical research has been translated into behavioural therapies targeting substance abuse, as well as highlight potential developments to therapies that might produce more enduring changes in behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina J Perry
- Behavioural Neuroscience Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkville, Vic., Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of MelbourneParkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Isabel Zbukvic
- Behavioural Neuroscience Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkville, Vic., Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of MelbourneParkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Behavioural Neuroscience Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkville, Vic., Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of MelbourneParkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- Behavioural Neuroscience Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkville, Vic., Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of MelbourneParkville, Vic., Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Marchant NJ, Kaganovsky K, Shaham Y, Bossert JM. Role of corticostriatal circuits in context-induced reinstatement of drug seeking. Brain Res 2014; 1628:219-32. [PMID: 25199590 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is characterized by persistent relapse vulnerability during abstinence. In abstinent drug users, relapse is often precipitated by re-exposure to environmental contexts that were previously associated with drug use. This clinical scenario is modeled in preclinical studies using the context-induced reinstatement procedure, which is based on the ABA renewal procedure. In these studies, context-induced reinstatement of drug seeking is reliably observed in laboratory animals that were trained to self-administer drugs abused by humans. In this review, we summarize neurobiological findings from preclinical studies that have focused on the role of corticostriatal circuits in context-induced reinstatement of heroin, cocaine, and alcohol seeking. We also discuss neurobiological similarities and differences in the corticostriatal mechanisms of context-induced reinstatement across these drug classes. We conclude by briefly discussing future directions in the study of context-induced relapse to drug seeking in rat models. Our main conclusion from the studies reviewed is that there are both similarities (accumbens shell, ventral hippocampus, and basolateral amygdala) and differences (medial prefrontal cortex and its projections to accumbens) in the neural mechanisms of context-induced reinstatement of cocaine, heroin, and alcohol seeking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Marchant
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, IRP, NIDA, Baltimore, MD, USA; Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | | | - Yavin Shaham
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, IRP, NIDA, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
D'Souza MS, Markou A. Differential role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated glutamate transmission in the nucleus accumbens shell and core in nicotine seeking in rats. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 39:1314-22. [PMID: 24467279 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine, a major psychoactive component of tobacco smoke, increases glutamate transmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). However, the role of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission in the NAcc shell and core subdivisions in nicotine-dependent behaviors has not been studied. The present study evaluated, in rats, the effects of bilateral administration of the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist LY235959 (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 ng/0.5 μL/side) into the NAcc shell or core on intravenous nicotine (fixed- and progressive-ratio schedules) and food (fixed-ratio schedule) self-administration, and cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behavior. In addition, the effects of LY235959 injections in the NAcc shell were evaluated on nicotine-induced conditioned taste aversion, a procedure that assesses the aversive effects of nicotine. LY235959 injections into the NAcc shell significantly increased nicotine self-administration under both fixed- and progressive-ratio schedules, and decreased food self-administration, but had no effect on nicotine-induced conditioned taste aversion or cue-induced nicotine seeking. Furthermore, injections of LY235959 in the lateral septal nucleus, originally intended as an anatomical control site for the NAcc shell, increased nicotine self-administration and decreased food self-administration under the fixed-ratio schedule. In contrast, LY235959 injections into the NAcc core increased the cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking and decreased food self-administration, but had no effect on nicotine self-administration. The present data suggest that NMDA receptor-mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission in the NAcc shell and core differentially regulates food- and nicotine-maintained responding. Importantly, the data suggest an inhibitory role for NMDA-mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission in the NAcc shell and core in nicotine self-administration and the cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoranjan S D'Souza
- Department of Psychiatry, M/C 0603, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0603, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cahill E, Salery M, Vanhoutte P, Caboche J. Convergence of dopamine and glutamate signaling onto striatal ERK activation in response to drugs of abuse. Front Pharmacol 2014; 4:172. [PMID: 24409148 PMCID: PMC3884214 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their distinct targets, all addictive drugs commonly abused by humans evoke increases in dopamine (DA) concentration within the striatum. The main DA Guanine nucleotide binding protein couple receptors (GPCRs) expressed by medium-sized spiny neurons of the striatum are the D1R and D2R, which are positively and negatively coupled to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling, respectively. These two DA GPCRs are largely segregated into distinct neuronal populations, where they are co-expressed with glutamate receptors in dendritic spines. Direct and indirect interactions between DA GPCRs and glutamate receptors are the molecular basis by which DA modulates glutamate transmission and controls striatal plasticity and behavior induced by drugs of abuse. A major downstream target of striatal D1R is the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase pathway. ERK activation by drugs of abuse behaves as a key integrator of D1R and glutamate NMDAR signaling. Once activated, ERK can trigger chromatin remodeling and induce gene expression that permits long-term cellular alterations and drug-induced morphological and behavioral changes. Besides the classical cAMP/PKA pathway, downstream of D1R, recent evidence implicates a cAMP-independent crosstalk mechanism by which the D1R potentiates NMDAR-mediated calcium influx and ERK activation. The mounting evidence of reciprocal modulation of DA and glutamate receptors adds further intricacy to striatal synaptic signaling and is liable to prove relevant for addictive drug-induced signaling, plasticity, and behavior. Herein, we review the evidence that built our understanding of the consequences of this synergistic signaling for the actions of drugs of abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Cahill
- UMRS 952, INSERM, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central Paris, France ; UMR7224, CNRS, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central Paris, France ; University Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6 Paris, France
| | - Marine Salery
- UMRS 952, INSERM, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central Paris, France ; UMR7224, CNRS, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central Paris, France ; University Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6 Paris, France
| | - Peter Vanhoutte
- UMRS 952, INSERM, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central Paris, France ; UMR7224, CNRS, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central Paris, France ; University Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6 Paris, France
| | - Jocelyne Caboche
- UMRS 952, INSERM, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central Paris, France ; UMR7224, CNRS, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central Paris, France ; University Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|