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Reakkamnuan C, Kumarnsit E, Cheaha D. Local field potential (LFP) power and phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) changes in the striatum and motor cortex reflect neural mechanisms associated with bradykinesia and rigidity during D2R suppression in an animal model. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 127:110838. [PMID: 37557945 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Impairments in motor control are the primary feature of Parkinson's disease, which is caused by dopaminergic imbalance in the basal ganglia. Identification of neural biomarkers of dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) suppression would be useful for monitoring the progress of neuropathologies and effects of treatment. Male Swiss albino ICR mice were deeply anesthetized, and electrodes were implanted in the striatum and motor cortex to record local field potential (LFP). Haloperidol (HAL), a D2R antagonist, was administered to induce decreased D2R activity. Following HAL treatment, the mice showed significantly decreased movement velocity in open field test, increased latency to descend in a bar test, and decreased latency to fall in a rotarod test. LFP signals during HAL-induced immobility (open field test) and catalepsy (bar test) were analyzed. Striatal low-gamma (30.3-44.9 Hz) power decreased during immobility periods, but during catalepsy, delta power (1-4 Hz) increased, beta1(13.6-18 Hz) and low-gamma powers decreased, and high-gamma (60.5-95.7 Hz) power increased. Striatal delta-high-gamma phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) was significantly increased during catalepsy but not immobility. In the motor cortex, during HAL-induced immobility, beta1 power significantly increased and low-gamma power decreased, but during HAL-induced catalepsy, low-gamma and beta1 powers decreased and high-gamma power increased. Delta-high-gamma PAC in the motor cortex significantly increased during catalepsy but not during immobility. Altogether, the present study demonstrated changes in delta, beta1 and gamma powers and delta-high-gamma PAC in the striatum and motor cortex in association with D2R suppression. In particular, delta power in the striatum and delta-high-gamma PAC in the striatum and motor cortex appear to represent biomarkers of neural mechanisms associated with bradykinesia and rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayaporn Reakkamnuan
- Physiology program, Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University (PSU), Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Biosignal Research Center for Health, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Ekkasit Kumarnsit
- Physiology program, Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University (PSU), Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Biosignal Research Center for Health, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Dania Cheaha
- Biology program, Division of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University (PSU), Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Biosignal Research Center for Health, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
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Zell V, Teuns G, Needham AS, Mukherjee S, Roscoe N, Le M, Fourgeaud L, Woodruff G, Bhattacharya A, Marella M, Bonaventure P, Drevets WC, Balana B. Characterization of Selective M 5 Acetylcholine Muscarinic Receptor Modulators on Dopamine Signaling in the Striatum. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 387:226-234. [PMID: 37679045 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The type-5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR, M5) is almost exclusively expressed in dopamine (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars compacta; therefore, they are ideally located to modulate DA signaling and underlying behaviors. However, the role of M5 in shaping DA release is still poorly characterized. In this study, we first quantitatively mapped the expression of M5 in different neurons of the mouse midbrain, then used voltammetry in mouse striatum to evaluate the effect of M5-selective modulators on DA release. The M5 negative allosteric modulator ML375 significantly decreased electrically evoked DA release and blocked the effect of Oxotremorine-M (Oxo-M; nonselective mAChR agonist) on DA release in the presence of an acetylcholine nicotinic receptor blocker. Conversely, the M5 positive allosteric modulator VU 0365114 significantly increased electrically evoked DA release and the Oxo-M effect on DA release. We then assessed M5's impact on mesolimbic circuit function in vivo. Although psychostimulant-induced locomotor activity models in knockout mice have previously been used to characterize the role of M5 in DA transmission, the results of these studies conflict, leading us to select a different in vivo model, namely a cocaine self-administration paradigm. In contrast to a previous study that also used this model, in the current study, administration of ML375 did not decrease cocaine self-administration in rats (using fixed and progressive ratio). These conflicting results illustrate the complexity of M5 modulation and the need to further characterize its involvement in the regulation of dopamine signaling, central to multiple neuropsychiatric diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This work describes the type-5 muscarinic receptor (M5) pattern of expression within the midbrain as well as its physiological modulation by selective compounds at the axon terminal level in the striatum, where M5 directly shapes dopamine transmission. It offers the first direct readout of mesolimbic dopamine release modulation by M5, highlighting its role in regulating neurocircuits implicated in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders such as substance use disorders, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Zell
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, California (V.Z., A.S.N., S.M., N.R., M.L., L.F., G.W., A.B., M.M., P.B., W.C.D., B.B.) and Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium (G.T.)
| | - Greetje Teuns
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, California (V.Z., A.S.N., S.M., N.R., M.L., L.F., G.W., A.B., M.M., P.B., W.C.D., B.B.) and Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium (G.T.)
| | - Alexandra Stormy Needham
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, California (V.Z., A.S.N., S.M., N.R., M.L., L.F., G.W., A.B., M.M., P.B., W.C.D., B.B.) and Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium (G.T.)
| | - Sruti Mukherjee
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, California (V.Z., A.S.N., S.M., N.R., M.L., L.F., G.W., A.B., M.M., P.B., W.C.D., B.B.) and Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium (G.T.)
| | - Nathaniel Roscoe
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, California (V.Z., A.S.N., S.M., N.R., M.L., L.F., G.W., A.B., M.M., P.B., W.C.D., B.B.) and Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium (G.T.)
| | - Michelle Le
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, California (V.Z., A.S.N., S.M., N.R., M.L., L.F., G.W., A.B., M.M., P.B., W.C.D., B.B.) and Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium (G.T.)
| | - Lawrence Fourgeaud
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, California (V.Z., A.S.N., S.M., N.R., M.L., L.F., G.W., A.B., M.M., P.B., W.C.D., B.B.) and Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium (G.T.)
| | - Grace Woodruff
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, California (V.Z., A.S.N., S.M., N.R., M.L., L.F., G.W., A.B., M.M., P.B., W.C.D., B.B.) and Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium (G.T.)
| | - Anindya Bhattacharya
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, California (V.Z., A.S.N., S.M., N.R., M.L., L.F., G.W., A.B., M.M., P.B., W.C.D., B.B.) and Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium (G.T.)
| | - Mathieu Marella
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, California (V.Z., A.S.N., S.M., N.R., M.L., L.F., G.W., A.B., M.M., P.B., W.C.D., B.B.) and Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium (G.T.)
| | - Pascal Bonaventure
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, California (V.Z., A.S.N., S.M., N.R., M.L., L.F., G.W., A.B., M.M., P.B., W.C.D., B.B.) and Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium (G.T.)
| | - Wayne C Drevets
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, California (V.Z., A.S.N., S.M., N.R., M.L., L.F., G.W., A.B., M.M., P.B., W.C.D., B.B.) and Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium (G.T.)
| | - Bartosz Balana
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, California (V.Z., A.S.N., S.M., N.R., M.L., L.F., G.W., A.B., M.M., P.B., W.C.D., B.B.) and Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium (G.T.)
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Turconi G, Kopra J, Võikar V, Kulesskaya N, Vilenius C, Piepponen TP, Andressoo JO. Chronic 2-Fold Elevation of Endogenous GDNF Levels Is Safe and Enhances Motor and Dopaminergic Function in Aged Mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 17:831-842. [PMID: 32368564 PMCID: PMC7191127 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) supports function and survival of dopamine neurons that degenerate in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Ectopic delivery of GDNF in clinical trials to treat PD is safe but lacks significant therapeutic effect. In pre-clinical models, ectopic GDNF is effective but causes adverse effects, including downregulation of tyrosine hydroxylase, only a transient boost in dopamine metabolism, aberrant neuronal sprouting, and hyperactivity. Hindering development of GDNF mimetic increased signaling via GDNF receptor RET by activating mutations results in cancer. Safe and effective mode of action must be defined first in animal models to develop successful GDNF-based therapies. Previously we showed that about a 2-fold increase in endogenous GDNF expression is safe and results in increased motor and dopaminergic function and protection in a PD model in young animals. Recently, similar results were reported using a novel Gdnf mRNA-targeting strategy. Next, it is important to establish the safety of a long-term increase in endogenous GDNF expression. We report behavioral, dopamine system, and cancer analysis of five cohorts of aged mice with a 2-fold increase in endogenous GDNF. We found a sustained increase in dopamine levels, improvement in motor learning, and no side effects or cancer. These results support the rationale for further development of endogenous GDNF-based treatments and GDNF mimetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Turconi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Haartmaninkatu 8, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kopra
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Viikinkaari 5E, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Vootele Võikar
- Neuroscience Center/Laboratory Animal Center, Mustialankatu 1, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Natalia Kulesskaya
- Neuroscience Center/Laboratory Animal Center, Mustialankatu 1, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Carolina Vilenius
- Institute of Biotechnology, Viikinkaari 5D, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - T Petteri Piepponen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Viikinkaari 5E, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jaan-Olle Andressoo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Haartmaninkatu 8, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, Viikinkaari 5D, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 83, Sweden
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Sa-ih N, Reakkamnuan C, Samerphob N, Cheaha D, Niyomdecha S, Kumarnsit E. Local field potential power spectra and locomotor activity following treatment with pseudoephedrine in mice. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2020. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2020-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons Are a Novel Target of Corticotropin Releasing Factor. J Neurosci 2019; 39:5647-5661. [PMID: 31109960 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0479-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic interneurons (CINs) are critical regulators of striatal network activity and output. Changes in CIN activity are thought to encode salient changes in the environment and stimulus-response-outcome associations. Here we report that the stress-associated neuropeptide corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) produces a profound and reliable increase in the spontaneous firing of CINs in both dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens (NAc) through activation of CRF type 1 receptors, production of cAMP and reduction in spike accommodation in male mice. The increase of CIN firing by CRF results in the activation muscarinic acetylcholine receptors type 5, which mediate potentiation of dopamine transmission in the striatum. This study provides critical mechanistic insight into how CRF modulates striatal activity and dopamine transmission in the NAc to likely account for CRF facilitation of appetitive behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although the presence of CRF receptors in the dorsal and ventral striatum has been acknowledged, the cellular identity and the functional consequences of receptor activation is unknown. Here we report that striatal cholinergic interneurons express CRF-R1 receptors and are acutely activated by the neuropeptide CRF that is released in response to salient environmental stimuli. Cholinergic interneurons make <1% of the cells in the striatum but are critical regulators of the striatal circuitry and its output. CRF's fast and potent activation of cholinergic interneurons could have far reaching behavioral implications across motivated behaviors controlled by the striatum.
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Solek CM, Farooqi N, Verly M, Lim TK, Ruthazer ES. Maternal immune activation in neurodevelopmental disorders. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:588-619. [PMID: 29226543 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Converging lines of evidence from basic science and clinical studies suggest a relationship between maternal immune activation (MIA) and neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia. The mechanisms through which MIA increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders have become a subject of intensive research. This review aims to describe how dysregulation of microglial function and immune mechanisms may link MIA and neurodevelopmental pathologies. We also summarize the current evidence in animal models of MIA. Developmental Dynamics 247:588-619, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Solek
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nasr Farooqi
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Myriam Verly
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tony K Lim
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edward S Ruthazer
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Thomsen M, Sørensen G, Dencker D. Physiological roles of CNS muscarinic receptors gained from knockout mice. Neuropharmacology 2017; 136:411-420. [PMID: 28911965 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Because the five muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes have overlapping distributions in many CNS tissues, and because ligands with a high degree of selectivity for a given subtype long remained elusive, it has been difficult to determine the physiological functions of each receptor. Genetically engineered knockout mice, in which one or more muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype has been inactivated, have been instrumental in identifying muscarinic receptor functions in the CNS, at the neuronal, circuit, and behavioral level. These studies revealed important functions of muscarinic receptors modulating neuronal activity and neurotransmitter release in many brain regions, shaping neuronal plasticity, and affecting functions ranging from motor and sensory function to cognitive processes. As gene targeting technology evolves including the use of conditional, cell type specific strains, knockout mice are likely to continue to provide valuable insights into brain physiology and pathophysiology, and advance the development of new medications for a range of conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and addictions, as well as non-opioid analgesics. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Neuropharmacology on Muscarinic Receptors'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Thomsen
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
| | - Gunnar Sørensen
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Ditte Dencker
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen and University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wang Q, Dong X, Wang Y, Liu M, Sun A, Li N, lin Y, Geng Z, Jin Y, Li X. Adolescent escitalopram prevents the effects of maternal separation on depression‐ and anxiety‐like behaviours and regulates the levels of inflammatory cytokines in adult male mice. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 62:37-45. [PMID: 28778811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina
| | - Xiaomei Dong
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina
| | - Mengxi Liu
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina
| | - Anji Sun
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina
| | - Nannan Li
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina
| | - Yiwei lin
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina
| | - Zhongli Geng
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina
| | - Ye Jin
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina
| | - Xiaobai Li
- Department of PsychiatryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina
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dela Peña IJI, dela Peña I, de la Peña JB, Kim HJ, Sohn A, Shin CY, Han DH, Kim BN, Ryu JH, Cheong JH. Transcriptional profiling of SHR/NCrl prefrontal cortex shows hyperactivity-associated genes responsive to amphetamine challenge. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 16:664-674. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. J. I. dela Peña
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy; Sahmyook University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - I. dela Peña
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences; Loma Linda University; Loma Linda CA USA
| | - J. B. de la Peña
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy; Sahmyook University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - H. J. Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy; Sahmyook University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - A. Sohn
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy; Sahmyook University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - C. Y. Shin
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine; Konkuk University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - D. H. Han
- Department of Psychiatry; Chung-Ang University Medical School; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - B.-N. Kim
- Department of Research Planning, Mental Health Research Institute; National Center for Mental Health; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - J. H. Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science; College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science; College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - J. H. Cheong
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy; Sahmyook University; Seoul Republic of Korea
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Lesscher HMB, Bailey A, Vanderschuren LJMJ. Genetic Variability in Adenosine Deaminase-Like Contributes to Variation in Alcohol Preference in Mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1271-1279. [PMID: 28449374 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial part of the risk for alcohol use disorder is determined by genetic factors. We previously used chromosome substitution (CSS) mice, to identify a quantitative trait loci (QTL) for alcohol preference on mouse chromosome 2. The aim of this study was to identify candidate genes within this QTL that confer the risk for alcohol preference. METHODS In order to delineate the neurobiological underpinnings of alcohol consumption, we expanded on the QTL approach to identify candidate genes for high alcohol preference in mice. We narrowed down a QTL for alcohol preference on mouse chromosome 2, that we previously identified using CSS mice, to 4 candidate genes in silico. Expression levels of these candidate genes in prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens-brain regions implicated in reward and addiction-were subsequently compared for the CSS-2 and the C57BL/6J host strain. RESULTS We observed increased expression of adenosine deaminase-like (Adal) in all 3 regions in CSS-2 mice. Moreover, we found that the adenosine deaminase inhibitor EHNA reduced the difference in alcohol preference between CSS-2 and C57BL/6J mice. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies Adal as a genetically protective factor against alcohol consumption in mice, in which elevated Adal levels contribute to low alcohol preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M B Lesscher
- Division of Behavioural Neuroscience , Department of Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alexis Bailey
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education , St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Louk J M J Vanderschuren
- Division of Behavioural Neuroscience , Department of Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Anhydroecgonine methyl ester, a cocaine pyrolysis product, may contribute to cocaine behavioral sensitization. Toxicology 2017; 376:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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VanPatten S, Al-Abed Y. The challenges of modulating the ‘rest and digest’ system: acetylcholine receptors as drug targets. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Møller LL, Sylow L, Gøtzsche CR, Serup AK, Christiansen SH, Weikop P, Kiens B, Woldbye DP, Richter EA. Decreased spontaneous activity in AMPK α2 muscle specific kinase dead mice is not caused by changes in brain dopamine metabolism. Physiol Behav 2016; 164:300-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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14
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Wasserman DI, Tan JMJ, Kim JC, Yeomans JS. Muscarinic control of rostromedial tegmental nucleus GABA neurons and morphine-induced locomotion. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:1761-70. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David I. Wasserman
- Department of Psychology; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Psychology; University of Guelph; Guelph ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Joel M. J. Tan
- Department of Psychology; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Jun Chul Kim
- Department of Psychology; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - John S. Yeomans
- Department of Psychology; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
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Lipopolysaccharide exposure during late embryogenesis results in diminished locomotor activity and amphetamine response in females and spatial cognition impairment in males in adult, but not adolescent rat offspring. Behav Brain Res 2016; 299:72-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Alawi KM, Aubdool AA, Liang L, Wilde E, Vepa A, Psefteli MP, Brain SD, Keeble JE. The sympathetic nervous system is controlled by transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in the regulation of body temperature. FASEB J 2015; 29:4285-98. [PMID: 26136480 PMCID: PMC4650996 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-272526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is involved in sensory nerve nociceptive signaling. Recently, it has been discovered that TRPV1 receptors also regulate basal body temperature in multiple species from mice to humans. In the present study, we investigated whether TRPV1 modulates basal sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity. C57BL6/J wild-type (WT) mice and TRPV1 knockout (KO) mice were implanted with radiotelemetry probes for measurement of core body temperature. AMG9810 (50 mg/kg) or vehicle (2% DMSO/5% Tween 80/10 ml/kg saline) was injected intraperitoneally. Adrenoceptor antagonists or vehicle (5 ml/kg saline) was injected subcutaneously. In WT mice, the TRPV1 antagonist, AMG9810, caused significant hyperthermia, associated with increased noradrenaline concentrations in brown adipose tissue. The hyperthermia was significantly attenuated by the β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol, the mixed α-/β-adrenoceptor antagonist labetalol, and the α1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin. TRPV1 KO mice have a normal basal body temperature, indicative of developmental compensation. d-Amphetamine (potent sympathomimetic) caused hyperthermia in WT mice, which was reduced in TRPV1 KO mice, suggesting a decreased sympathetic drive in KOs. This study provides new evidence that TRPV1 controls thermoregulation upstream of the SNS, providing a potential therapeutic target for sympathetic hyperactivity thermoregulatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija M Alawi
- *Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Centre of Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aisah A Aubdool
- *Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Centre of Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lihuan Liang
- *Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Centre of Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Wilde
- *Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Centre of Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abhinav Vepa
- *Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Centre of Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria-Paraskevi Psefteli
- *Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Centre of Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan D Brain
- *Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Centre of Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie E Keeble
- *Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Centre of Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Gonzales KK, Smith Y. Cholinergic interneurons in the dorsal and ventral striatum: anatomical and functional considerations in normal and diseased conditions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1349:1-45. [PMID: 25876458 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) are central for the processing and reinforcement of reward-related behaviors that are negatively affected in states of altered dopamine transmission, such as in Parkinson's disease or drug addiction. Nevertheless, the development of therapeutic interventions directed at ChIs has been hampered by our limited knowledge of the diverse anatomical and functional characteristics of these neurons in the dorsal and ventral striatum, combined with the lack of pharmacological tools to modulate specific cholinergic receptor subtypes. This review highlights some of the key morphological, synaptic, and functional differences between ChIs of different striatal regions and across species. It also provides an overview of our current knowledge of the cellular localization and function of cholinergic receptor subtypes. The future use of high-resolution anatomical and functional tools to study the synaptic microcircuitry of brain networks, along with the development of specific cholinergic receptor drugs, should help further elucidate the role of striatal ChIs and permit efficient targeting of cholinergic systems in various brain disorders, including Parkinson's disease and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalynda K Gonzales
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Department of Neurology and Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Yoland Smith
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Department of Neurology and Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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18
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The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist BuTAC mediates antipsychotic-like effects via the M4 subtype. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38:2717-26. [PMID: 23907402 PMCID: PMC3828543 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The generation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtype-selective compounds has been challenging, requiring use of nonpharmacological approaches, such as genetically engineered animals, to deepen our understanding of the potential that members of the muscarinic receptor subtype family hold as therapeutic drug targets. The muscarinic receptor agonist 'BuTAC' was previously shown to exhibit efficacy in animal models of psychosis, although the particular receptor subtype(s) responsible for such activity was unclear. Here, we evaluate the in vitro functional agonist and antagonist activity of BuTAC using an assay that provides a direct measure of G protein activation. In addition, we employ the conditioned avoidance response paradigm, an in vivo model predictive of antipsychotic activity, and mouse genetic deletion models to investigate which presynaptic mAChR subtype mediates the antipsychotic-like effects of BuTAC. Our results show that, in vitro, BuTAC acts as a full agonist at the M2AChR and a partial agonist at the M1 and M4 receptors, with full antagonist activity at M3- and M5AChRs. In the mouse conditioned avoidance response (CAR) assay, BuTAC exhibits an atypical antipsychotic-like profile by selectively decreasing avoidance responses at doses that do not induce escape failures. CAR results using M2(-/-), M4(-/-), and M2/M4 (M2/M4(-/-)) mice found that the effects of BuTAC were near completely lost in M2/M4(-/-) double-knockout mice and potency of BuTAC was right-shifted in M4(-/-) as compared with wild-type and M2(-/-) mice. The M2/M4(-/-) mice showed no altered sensitivity to the antipsychotic effects of either haloperidol or clozapine, suggesting that these compounds mediate their actions in CAR via a non-mAChR-mediated mechanism. These data support a role for the M4AChR subtype in mediating the antipsychotic-like activity of BuTAC and implicate M4AChR agonism as a potential novel therapeutic mechanism for ameliorating symptoms associated with schizophrenia.
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Synergistic effects of celecoxib and bupropion in a model of chronic inflammation-related depression in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77227. [PMID: 24086771 PMCID: PMC3785450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to characterize the depression-like behaviour in the classical model of chronic inflammation induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). Male Swiss mice received an intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of CFA (50 µl/paw) or vehicle. Behavioural and inflammatory responses were measured at different time-points (1 to 4 weeks), and different pharmacological tools were tested. The brain levels of IL-1β and BDNF, or COX-2 expression were also determined. CFA elicited a time-dependent edema formation and mechanical allodynia, which was accompanied by a significant increase in the immobility time in the tail suspension (TST) or forced-swimming (FST) depression tests. Repeated administration of the antidepressants imipramine (10 mg/kg), fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) and bupropion (30 mg/kg) significantly reversed depression-like behaviour induced by CFA. Predictably, the anti-inflammatory drugs dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg), indomethacin (10 mg/kg) and celecoxib (30 mg/kg) markedly reduced CFA-induced edema. The oral treatment with the analgesic drugs dipyrone (30 and 300 mg/kg) or pregabalin (30 mg/kg) significantly reversed the mechanical allodyinia induced by CFA. Otherwise, either dipyrone or pregabalin (both 30 mg/kg) did not significantly affect the paw edema or the depressive-like behaviour induced by CFA, whereas the oral treatment with dipyrone (300 mg/kg) was able to reduce the immobility time in TST. Noteworthy, CFA-induced edema was reduced by bupropion (30 mg/kg), and depression behaviour was prevented by celecoxib (30 mg/kg). The co-treatment with bupropion and celecoxib (3 mg/kg each) significantly inhibited both inflammation and depression elicited by CFA. The same combined treatment reduced the brain levels of IL-1β, as well as COX-2 immunopositivity, whilst it failed to affect the reduction of BDNF levels. We provide novel evidence on the relationship between chronic inflammation and depression, suggesting that combination of antidepressant and anti-inflammatory agents bupropion and celecoxib might represent an attractive therapeutic strategy for depression.
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20
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Garzón M, Pickel VM. Somatodendritic targeting of M5 muscarinic receptor in the rat ventral tegmental area: implications for mesolimbic dopamine transmission. J Comp Neurol 2013; 521:2927-46. [PMID: 23504804 PMCID: PMC4038040 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Muscarinic modulation of mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) plays an important role in reward, potentially mediated through the M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M5R). However, the key sites for M5R-mediated control of dopamine neurons within this region are still unknown. To address this question we examined the electron microscopic immunocytochemical localization of antipeptide antisera against M5R and the plasmalemmal dopamine transporter (DAT) in single sections through the rat VTA. M5R was located mainly to VTA somatodendritic profiles (71%; n = 627), at least one-third (33.2%; n = 208) of which also contained DAT. The M5R immunoreactivity was distributed along cytoplasmic tubulovesicular endomembrane systems in somata and large dendrites, but was more often located at plasmalemmal sites in small dendrites, the majority of which did not express DAT. The M5R-immunoreactive dendrites received a balanced input from unlabeled terminals forming either asymmetric or symmetric synapses. Compared with dendrites, M5R was less often seen in axon terminals, comprising only 10.8% (n = 102) of the total M5R-labeled profiles. These terminals were usually presynaptic to unlabeled dendrites, suggesting that M5R activation can indirectly modulate non-DAT-containing dendrites through presynaptic mechanisms. Our results provide the first ultrastructural evidence that in the VTA, M5R has a subcellular location conducive to major involvement in postsynaptic signaling in many dendrites, only some of which express DAT. These findings suggest that cognitive and rewarding effects ascribed to muscarinic activation in the VTA can primarily be credited to M5R activation at postsynaptic plasma membranes distinct from dopamine transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Garzón
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Neuroscience, Medical School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
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21
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Giza JI, Jung Y, Jeffrey RA, Neugebauer NM, Picciotto MR, Biederer T. The synaptic adhesion molecule SynCAM 1 contributes to cocaine effects on synapse structure and psychostimulant behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38:628-38. [PMID: 23169347 PMCID: PMC3572459 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2012.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Drugs of abuse have acute and persistent effects on synapse structure and addiction-related behaviors. Trans-synaptic interactions can control synapse development, and synaptic cell adhesion molecule (SynCAM) proteins (also named nectin-like molecules) are immunoglobulin adhesion proteins that span the synaptic cleft and induce excitatory synapses. Our studies now reveal that the loss of SynCAM 1 in knockout (KO) mice reduces excitatory synapse number in nucleus accumbens (NAc). SynCAM 1 additionally contributes to the structural remodeling of NAc synapses in response to the psychostimulant cocaine. Specifically, we find that cocaine administration increases the density of stubby spines on medium spiny neurons in NAc, and that maintaining this increase requires SynCAM 1. Furthermore, mushroom-type spines on these neurons are structurally more plastic when SynCAM 1 is absent, and challenging drug-withdrawn mice with cocaine shortens these spines in SynCAM 1 KO mice. These effects are correlated with changes on the behavioral level, where SynCAM 1 contributes to the psychostimulant effects of cocaine as measured after acute and repeated administration, and in drug-withdrawn mice. Together, our results provide evidence that the loss of a synapse-organizing adhesion molecule can modulate cocaine effects on spine structures in NAc and increases vulnerability to the behavioral actions of cocaine. SynCAM-dependent pathways may therefore represent novel points of therapeutic intervention after exposure to drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna I Giza
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yonwoo Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University Medical School, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rachel A Jeffrey
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nichole M Neugebauer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University Medical School, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marina R Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University Medical School, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas Biederer
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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22
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Sørensen G, Jensen M, Weikop P, Dencker D, Christiansen SH, Loland CJ, Bengtsen CH, Petersen JH, Fink-Jensen A, Wörtwein G, Woldbye DPD. Neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor antagonism attenuates cocaine-induced effects in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 222:565-77. [PMID: 22367168 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Several studies suggest a role for neuropeptide Y (NPY) in addiction to drugs of abuse, including cocaine. However, the NPY receptors mediating addiction-related effects remain to be determined. OBJECTIVES To explore the potential role of Y5 NPY receptors in cocaine-induced behavioural effects. METHODS The Y5 antagonist L-152,804 and Y5-knockout (Y5-KO) mice were tested in two models of cocaine addiction-related behaviour: acute self-administration and cocaine-induced hyperactivity. We also studied effects of Y5 receptor antagonism on cocaine-induced c-fos expression and extracellular dopamine with microdialysis as well as dopamine transporter-mediated uptake of dopamine in vitro. Immunocytochemistry was used to determine whether dopamine neurons express Y5-like immunoreactivity. RESULTS In self-administration, L-152,804 prominently decreased nose-poking for the peak dose of cocaine and shifted the dose-response curve for cocaine downward. Y5-KO mice also showed modestly attenuated self-administration. Cocaine-induced hyperactivity was attenuated by L-152,804 and in Y5-KO mice. Cocaine failed to increase c-fos expression in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of L-152,804-treated mice, indicating that the Y5 antagonist could act by influencing neural activity in these regions. Accordingly, the cocaine-induced increase in accumbal extracellular dopamine was attenuated by L-152,804 and in Y5-KO mice, suggesting that Y5 antagonism influences cocaine-induced behaviour by regulating dopamine. Consistent with this concept, dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area appeared to contain Y5 receptors. In contrast, neither L-152,804 nor NPY influenced dopamine transporter-mediated dopamine uptake. CONCLUSIONS The present data indicate that Y5 antagonism may attenuate cocaine-induced behavioural effects, suggesting that Y5 receptors could be a potential therapeutic target in cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Sørensen
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen & Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating disease with several broad symptom clusters and the current monoamine-based treatments do not adequately treat the disease, especially negative and cognitive symptoms. A proposed alternative approach for treating schizophrenia is through the use of compounds that activate certain muscarinic receptor subtypes, the so-called muscarinic cholinergic hypothesis theory. This theory has been revitalized with a number of recent and provocative findings including postmortem reports in schizophrenia patients showing decreased numbers of muscarinic M(1) and M(4) receptors in brain regions associated with schizophrenia as well as decreased muscarinic receptors in an in vivo imaging study. Studies with M(4) knockout mice have shown that there is a reciprocal relationship between M(4) and dopamine receptor function, and a number of muscarinic agonists have shown antidopaminergic activity in a variety of preclinical assays predictive of antipsychotic efficacy in the clinic. Furthermore, the M(1)/M(4) preferring partial agonist xanomeline has been shown to have antipsychotic-like and pro-cognitive activity in preclinical models and in clinical trials to decrease psychotic-like behaviors in Alzheimer's patients and positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, we propose that an agonist with M(1) and M(4) interactions would effectively treat core symptom clusters associated with schizophrenia. Currently, research is focused on developing subtype-selective muscarinic agonists and positive allosteric modulators that have reduced propensity for parasympathetic side-effects, but retain the therapeutic benefit observed with their less selective predecessors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L McKinzie
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
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24
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Dencker D, Thomsen M, Wörtwein G, Weikop P, Cui Y, Jeon J, Wess J, Fink-Jensen A. Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subtypes as Potential Drug Targets for the Treatment of Schizophrenia, Drug Abuse and Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2011; 3:80-89. [PMID: 22389751 DOI: 10.1021/cn200110q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter dopamine plays important roles in modulating cognitive, affective, and motor functions. Dysregulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission is thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of several psychiatric and neurological disorders, including schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and drug abuse. Dopaminergic systems are regulated by cholinergic, especially muscarinic, input. Not surprisingly, increasing evidence implicates muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated pathways as potential targets for the treatment of these disorders classically viewed as "dopamine based". There are five known muscarinic receptor subtypes (M(1) to M(5)). Due to their overlapping expression patterns and the lack of receptor subtype-specific ligands, the roles of the individual muscarinic receptors have long remained elusive. During the past decade, studies with knock-out mice lacking specific muscarinic receptor subtypes have greatly advanced our knowledge of the physiological roles of the M(1)-M(5) receptors. Recently, new ligands have been developed that can interact with allosteric sites on different muscarinic receptor subtypes, rather than the conventional (orthosteric) acetylcholine binding site. Such agents may lead to the development of novel classes of drugs useful for the treatment of psychosis, drug abuse and Parkinson's disease. The present review highlights recent studies carried out using muscarinic receptor knock-out mice and new subtype-selective allosteric ligands to assess the roles of M(1), M(4), and M(5) receptors in various central processes that are under strong dopaminergic control. The outcome of these studies opens new perspectives for the use of novel muscarinic drugs for several severe disorders of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte Dencker
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry,
Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morgane Thomsen
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research
Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, United States
| | - Gitta Wörtwein
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry,
Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pia Weikop
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry,
Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yinghong Cui
- Molecular Signaling Section,
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jongrye Jeon
- Molecular Signaling Section,
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jürgen Wess
- Molecular Signaling Section,
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Anders Fink-Jensen
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry,
Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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Yee J, Famous KR, Hopkins TJ, McMullen MC, Pierce RC, Schmidt HD. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the nucleus accumbens core and shell contribute to cocaine priming-induced reinstatement of drug seeking. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 650:596-604. [PMID: 21034738 PMCID: PMC3033040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the nucleus accumbens play an important role in mediating the reinforcing effects of cocaine. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the role of accumbal muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior. The goal of these experiments was to assess the role of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the nucleus accumbens core and shell in cocaine and sucrose priming-induced reinstatement. Rats were initially trained to self-administer cocaine or sucrose on a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement. Lever-pressing behavior was then extinguished and followed by a subsequent reinstatement phase during which operant responding was induced by either a systemic injection of cocaine in cocaine-experienced rats or non-contingent delivery of sucrose pellets in subjects with a history of sucrose self-administration. Results indicated that systemic administration of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist scopolamine (5.0 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently attenuated cocaine, but not sucrose, reinstatement. Furthermore, administration of scopolamine (36.0 μg) directly into the nucleus accumbens shell or core attenuated cocaine priming-induced reinstatement. In contrast, infusion of scopolamine (36.0 μg) directly into the accumbens core, but not shell, attenuated sucrose reinstatement, which suggests that muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in these two subregions of the nucleus accumbens have differential roles in sucrose seeking. Taken together, these results indicate that cocaine priming-induced reinstatement is mediated, in part, by increased signaling through muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the shell subregion of the nucleus accumbens. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the core of the accumbens, in contrast, appear to play a more general (i.e. not cocaine specific) role in motivated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Yee
- Department of Pharmacology Boston University School of Medicine Boston, MA 02118
| | - Katie R. Famous
- Department of Pharmacology Boston University School of Medicine Boston, MA 02118
| | - Thomas J. Hopkins
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior Department of Psychiatry University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Michael C. McMullen
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior Department of Psychiatry University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - R. Christopher Pierce
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior Department of Psychiatry University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Heath D. Schmidt
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior Department of Psychiatry University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA 19104
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26
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Thomsen M, Conn PJ, Lindsley C, Wess J, Boon JY, Fulton BS, Fink-Jensen A, Caine SB. Attenuation of cocaine's reinforcing and discriminative stimulus effects via muscarinic M1 acetylcholine receptor stimulation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 332:959-69. [PMID: 19996296 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.162057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscarinic cholinergic receptors modulate dopaminergic function in brain pathways thought to mediate cocaine's abuse-related effects. Here, we sought to confirm and extend in the mouse species findings that nonselective muscarinic receptor antagonists can enhance cocaine's discriminative stimulus. More importantly, we tested the hypothesis that muscarinic receptor agonists with varied receptor subtype selectivity can blunt cocaine's discriminative stimulus and reinforcing effects; we hypothesized a critical role for the M(1) and/or M(4) receptor subtypes in this modulation. Mice were trained to discriminate cocaine from saline, or to self-administer intravenous cocaine chronically. The nonselective muscarinic antagonists scopolamine and methylscopolamine, the nonselective muscarinic agonists oxotremorine and pilocarpine, the M(1)/M(4)-preferring agonist xanomeline, the putative M(1)-selective agonist (4-hydroxy-2-butynyl)-1-trimethylammonium-3-chlorocarbanilate chloride (McN-A-343), and the novel M(1)-selective agonist 1-(1-2-methylbenzyl)-1,4-bipiperidin-4-yl)-1H benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one (TBPB) were tested as substitution and/or pretreatment to cocaine. Both muscarinic antagonists partially substituted for cocaine and enhanced its discriminative stimulus. Conversely, muscarinic agonists blunted cocaine discrimination and abolished cocaine self-administration with varying effects on food-maintained behavior. Specifically, increasing selectivity for the M(1) subtype (oxotremorine < xanomeline < TBPB) conferred lesser nonspecific rate-suppressing effects, with no rate suppression for TBPB. In mutant mice lacking M(1) and M(4) receptors, xanomeline failed to diminish cocaine discrimination while rate-decreasing effects were intact. Our data suggest that central M(1) receptor activation attenuates cocaine's abuse-related effects, whereas non-M(1)/M(4) receptors probably contribute to undesirable effects of muscarinic stimulation. These data provide the first demonstration of anticocaine effects of systemically applied, M(1) receptor agonists and suggest the possibility of a new approach to pharmacotherapy for cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Thomsen
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
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