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Wang R, Su Y, O'Donnell K, Caron J, Meaney M, Meng X, Li Y. Differential interactions between gene expressions and stressors across the lifespan in major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:688-697. [PMID: 39029669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both genetic predispositions and exposures to stressors have collectively contributed to the development of major depressive disorder (MDD). To deep dive into their roles in MDD, our study aimed to examine which susceptible gene expression interacts with various dimensions of stressors in the MDD risk among a large population cohort. METHODS Data analyzed were from a longitudinal community-based cohort from Southwest Montreal, Canada (N = 1083). Latent profile models were used to identify distinct patterns of stressors for the study cohort. A transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) method was performed to examine the interactive effects of three dimensions of stressors (threat, deprivation, and cumulative lifetime stress) and gene expression on the MDD risk in a total of 48 tissues from GTEx. Additional analyses were also conducted to further explore and specify these associations including colocalization, and fine-mapping analyses, in addition to enrichment analysis investigations based on TWAS. RESULTS We identified 3321 genes linked to MDD at the nominal p-value <0.05 and found that different patterns of stressors can amplify the genetic susceptibility to MDD. We also observed specific genes and pathways that interacted with deprivation and cumulative lifetime stressors, particularly in specific brain tissues including basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex, brain amygdala, brain cerebellum, brain cortex, and the whole blood. Colocalization analysis also identified these genes as having a high probability of sharing MDD causal variants. LIMITATIONS The study cohort was composed exclusively of individuals of Caucasians, which restricts the generalizability of the findings to other ethnic population groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the study unveiled significant interactions between potential tissue-specific gene expression × stressors in the MDD risk and shed light on the intricate etiological attributes of gene expression and specific stressors across the lifespan in MDD. These genetic and environmental attributes in MDD corroborate the vulnerability-stress theory and direct future stress research to have a closer examination of genetic predisposition and potential involvements of omics studies to specify the intricate relationships between genes and stressful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Wang
- Department of Financial and Risk Engineering, New York University, NY, NYC, USA; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yingying Su
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kieran O'Donnell
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Yale Child Study Center, Department of Obstetrics Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Child & Brain Development Program, CIFAR, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jean Caron
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Meaney
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xiangfei Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Yue Li
- School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Michalczyk A, Tyburski E, Podwalski P, Waszczuk K, Rudkowski K, Kucharska-Mazur J, Mak M, Rek-Owodziń K, Plichta P, Bielecki M, Andrusewicz W, Cecerska-Heryć E, Samochowiec A, Misiak B, Sagan L, Samochowiec J. Greater methylation of the IL-6 promoter region is associated with decreased integrity of the corpus callosum in schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 175:108-117. [PMID: 38728913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is associated with chronic subclinical inflammation and decreased integrity of the corpus callosum (CC). Our previous study showed associations between peripheral IL-6 levels and the integrity of the CC. Epigenetic studies show associations between methylation of the genes related to immunological processes and integrity of the CC. AIM To investigate correlations between methylation status of IL-6 promotor and peripheral IL-6 levels and the integrity of the CC in schizophrenia. MATERIAL AND METHODS The participants were 29 chronic schizophrenia patients (SCH) and 29 controls. Decreased integrity of the CC was understood as increased mean diffusivity (MD) and/or decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in diffusion tensor imaging. Peripheral IL-6 concentrations were measured in serum samples and IL-6 promoter methylation status of 6 CpG sites was analyzed in peripheral leukocytes by pyrosequencing. RESULTS Moderate positive correlations were found between CpG1 methylation and the MD of proximal regions of the CC (CCR1-CCR3) and between CpGmean and MD of CCR1 in SCH. Weaker positive correlations were found for CpGmean with CCR2 and CCR3 and negative correlations were found for CpG1 and FA of CCR3 in SCH. Multivariate regression showed that methylation of CpG1, type of antipsychotic treatment, and their interaction were significant independent predictors of MD of CCR1 in SCH. Methylation of CpG2 was negatively correlated with serum IL-6 in SCH. CONCLUSIONS The methylation level of the IL-6 promotor region in peripheral leukocytes is associated with the integrity of the CC in schizophrenia and this association may depend on the type of antipsychotic treatment. Further studies are necessary to explain the mechanisms of the observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Michalczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Ernest Tyburski
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Podwalski
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Waszczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | - Monika Mak
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Plichta
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Bielecki
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Leszek Sagan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
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Varden Gjerde K, Bartz-Johannessen C, Steen VM, Andreassen OA, Steen NE, Ueland T, Lekva T, Rettenbacher M, Joa I, Reitan SK, Johnsen E, Kroken RA. Cellular adhesion molecules in drug-naïve and previously medicated patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Schizophr Res 2024; 267:223-229. [PMID: 38574562 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial inflammation may be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) on endothelial cells may facilitate leukocyte binding and transendothelial migration of cells and inflammatory factors. The aim of the present study was to assess levels of soluble cellular adhesion molecules, including intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, vascular adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MADCAM), junctional adhesion molecule (JAM-A) and neural cadherin (N-CAD) in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. METHODS The study population consists of 138 patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorder, of whom 54 were drug-naïve, compared to 317 general population controls. The potential confounders age, gender, smoking and body mass index (BMI) were adjusted for in linear regression models. RESULTS The total patient group showed significantly higher levels of ICAM-1 (p < 0.001) and VCAM-1 (p < 0.001) compared to controls. Previously medicated patients showed higher ICAM-1 levels compared to drug-naïve patients (p = 0.042) and controls (p < 0.001), and elevated VCAM-1 levels compared to controls (p < 0.001). Drug-naive patients had elevated levels of VCAM-1 (p = 0.031) compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS In our study, patients with schizophrenia - including the drug-naïve - have higher levels of soluble CAMs compared to healthy controls. These findings suggest activation of the endothelial system as in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Varden Gjerde
- NKS Olaviken Gerontopsychiatric Hospital, Erdal, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | - Vidar Martin Steen
- NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Thrombosis Research Center, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tove Lekva
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Rettenbacher
- Medical University of Innsbruck; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Inge Joa
- TIPS Center for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Division of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Solveig Klæbo Reitan
- St. Olav University Hospital, Nidelv community mental health centre, Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Mental Health, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erik Johnsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune Andreas Kroken
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Sæther LS, Szabo A, Akkouh IA, Haatveit B, Mohn C, Vaskinn A, Aukrust P, Ormerod MBEG, Eiel Steen N, Melle I, Djurovic S, Andreassen OA, Ueland T, Ueland T. Cognitive and inflammatory heterogeneity in severe mental illness: Translating findings from blood to brain. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:287-299. [PMID: 38461955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent findings link cognitive impairment and inflammatory-immune dysregulation in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar (BD) spectrum disorders. However, heterogeneity and translation between the periphery and central (blood-to-brain) mechanisms remains a challenge. Starting with a large SZ, BD and healthy control cohort (n = 1235), we aimed to i) identify candidate peripheral markers (n = 25) associated with cognitive domains (n = 9) and elucidate heterogenous immune-cognitive patterns, ii) evaluate the regulation of candidate markers using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes and neural progenitor cells (n = 10), and iii) evaluate candidate marker messenger RNA expression in leukocytes using microarray in available data from a subsample of the main cohort (n = 776), and in available RNA-sequencing deconvolution analysis of postmortem brain samples (n = 474) from the CommonMind Consortium (CMC). We identified transdiagnostic subgroups based on covariance between cognitive domains (measures of speed and verbal learning) and peripheral markers reflecting inflammatory response (CRP, sTNFR1, YKL-40), innate immune activation (MIF) and extracellular matrix remodelling (YKL-40, CatS). Of the candidate markers there was considerable variance in secretion of YKL-40 in iPSC-derived astrocytes and neural progenitor cells in SZ compared to HC. Further, we provide evidence of dysregulated RNA expression of genes encoding YKL-40 and related signalling pathways in a high neuroinflammatory subgroup in the postmortem brain samples. Our findings suggest a relationship between peripheral inflammatory-immune activity and cognitive impairment, and highlight YKL-40 as a potential marker of cognitive functioning in a subgroup of individuals with severe mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Sofie Sæther
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Attila Szabo
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ibrahim A Akkouh
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital/University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Beathe Haatveit
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Mohn
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anja Vaskinn
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica B E G Ormerod
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital/University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torill Ueland
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Centre, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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5
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Mojadadi MS, Mahjour M, Fahimi H, Raoofi A, Shobeiri SS. Relationship between blood-based inflammatory indices and clinical score of schizophrenia patients: A cross-sectional study. Behav Brain Res 2024; 460:114807. [PMID: 38092259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that may involve inflammation. Inflammatory indices, such as the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), the platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the systemic inflammation index (SII), are simple and inexpensive measures of inflammation that have been associated with various diseases. However, few studies have compared these indices and their relationships with clinical symptoms in schizophrenia. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 121 schizophrenia patients (101 males, 20 females). We measured the blood-based inflammatory indices (NLR, MLR, PLR, and SII) and assessed the clinical symptoms of schizophrenia using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Statistical analyses were performed to examine the correlations and effects of the inflammatory indices on PANSS scores. We found that NLR, MLR, PLR, and SII were positively correlated with PANSS total score, PANSS positive score, PANSS negative score, and general psychopathology score (adjusted P < 0.02 for all correlations). Subgroup analysis showed that correlations between inflammatory indices and the clinical scores differed by gender. In males, all inflammatory indices were positively correlated with all clinical scores. On the other hand, in females, only NLR and SII were positively correlated with all clinical scores. After adjusting for confounders, we also found that NLR was a predictor of PANSS total score (β = 23, adjusted P < 0.02), PANSS positive score (β = 2.6, adjusted P = 0.03), PANSS negative score (β = 6.8, adjusted P < 0.02), and PANSS general psychopathology score (β = 13.6, adjusted P < 0.02), while SII was only a predictor for PANSS total score (β = -0.00003, adjusted P = 0.01) and general psychopathology scores (β = -0.00002, adjusted P < 0.02). These findings suggest that inflammation is involved in the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of schizophrenia, and that blood-based inflammatory indices may serve as screening tools or indicators for the inflammatory status and severity of symptoms of schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Shafi Mojadadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Mahjour
- Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Hossein Fahimi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Vasei Hospital, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Amir Raoofi
- Department of Anatomy, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Saeideh Sadat Shobeiri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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Kang Y, Shin D, Kim A, You SH, Kim B, Han KM, Ham BJ. The effect of inflammation markers on cortical thinning in major depressive disorder: A possible mediator of depression and cortical changes. J Affect Disord 2024; 348:229-237. [PMID: 38160887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental health condition with significant societal impact. Owing to the intricate biological diversity of MDD, treatment efficacy remains limited. Immune biomarkers have emerged as potential predictors of treatment response, underscoring the interaction between the immune system and the brain. This study investigated the relationship between cytokine levels and cortical thickness in patients with MDD, focusing on the corticolimbic circuit, to elucidate the influence of neuroinflammation on structural brain changes and contribute to a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of MDD. METHOD A total of 114 patients with MDD and 101 healthy controls (HC) matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) were recruited. All participants were assessed for depression severity using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and 3.0 T T1 weighted brain MRI data were acquired. Additionally, cytokine levels were measured using a highly sensitive bead-based multiplex immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Patients diagnosed with MDD exhibited notably elevated levels of interleukin-6 (p = 0.005) and interleukin-8 (p = 0.005), alongside significant cortical thinning in the left anterior cingulate gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus, with these findings maintaining significance even after applying Bonferroni correction. Furthermore, increased interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels in patients with MDD are associated with alterations in the left frontomarginal gyrus and right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). CONCLUSIONS This suggests a potential influence of neuroinflammation on right ACC function in MDD patients, warranting longitudinal research to explore interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 mediated neurotoxicity in MDD vulnerability and brain morphology changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daun Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hye You
- Department of Radiology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Man Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Ham
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Yu JE, Yeo IJ, Han SB, Yun J, Kim B, Yong YJ, Lim YS, Kim TH, Son DJ, Hong JT. Significance of chitinase-3-like protein 1 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and cancer. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1-18. [PMID: 38177294 PMCID: PMC10834487 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) is a secreted glycoprotein that mediates inflammation, macrophage polarization, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. The expression of CHI3L1 is strongly upregulated by various inflammatory and immunological diseases, including several cancers, Alzheimer's disease, and atherosclerosis. Several studies have shown that CHI3L1 can be considered as a marker of disease diagnosis, prognosis, disease activity, and severity. In addition, the proinflammatory action of CHI3L1 may be mediated via responses to various proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interferon-γ. Therefore, CHI3L1 may contribute to a vast array of inflammatory diseases. However, its pathophysiological and pharmacological roles in the development of inflammatory diseases remain unclear. In this article, we review recent findings regarding the roles of CHI3L1 in the development of inflammatory diseases and suggest therapeutic approaches that target CHI3L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Yu
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jun Yeo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongcheol Kim
- Senelix Co. Ltd., 25, Beobwon-ro 11-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ji Yong
- PRESTI GEBIOLOGICS Co. Ltd., Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28161, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Lim
- PRESTI GEBIOLOGICS Co. Ltd., Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28161, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hun Kim
- Autotelic Bio Inc., Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Guan X, Leng W, Hu Q, Xiu M, Zhang X. Association between cognitive function and IL-18 levels in schizophrenia: Dependent on IL18 - 607 A/C polymorphism. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 158:106386. [PMID: 37741261 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that immune system dysregulation is associated with debilitating neurodevelopment in schizophrenia (SZ). Cognitive impairment is a persistent feature that occurs during the onset of SZ and persists throughout the course of the disease. Early studies have found that elevated interleukin (IL)- 18 interacts with IL18 polymorphism and is correlated with psychotic symptoms in SZ. This study aimed to investigate whether elevated IL-18 levels interacted with the -607 A/C polymorphism to determine cognitive decline in patients with chronic SZ. We recruited 693 inpatients and 422 healthy controls to measure IL-18 levels and genotype the - 607 A/C polymorphism. Further, cognitive function was measured by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). We found that IL-18 serum levels were higher in patients than those in healthy controls, and were not associated with IL18 - 607 A/C in combined subjects or either patients or healthy controls, respectively. Moreover, - 607 A/C was correlated with the visuospatial/constructional index only in the patients. In addition, our research found that IL-18 levels were positively correlated to immediate memory only in patients with the C/C genotype, but not in patients with C/A or A/A genotype. This study suggests that the relationship of IL-18 with cognitive function depends on the IL18 - 607 A/C polymorphism of SZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoni Guan
- Peking University, Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Qiongyue Hu
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Meihong Xiu
- Peking University, Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Paniagua G, González-Blanco L, Sáiz PA, Moya-Lacasa C, Gutiérrez L, Martínez-Botía P, Dal Santo F, Jiménez-Treviño L, García-Portilla MP, Bobes J. Platelet and white blood-cell-based ratios: Differential inflammatory markers of severe mental disorders? SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL HEALTH 2023:S2950-2853(23)00008-X. [PMID: 38591835 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjpmh.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR), monocyte/lymphocyte (MLR), and platelet/lymphocyte (PLR) ratios, and systemic inflammatory index (SII) represent peripheral markers of inflammation associated with different severe mental disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, these parameters were analyzed in a sample of 622 participants [197 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), 154 with bipolar disorder (BD), 176 with schizophrenia (SCH), and 95 healthy controls (HC)]. Sociodemographic and clinical data of patients were recorded. RESULTS Differences in age and sex were detected among groups (p<0.001), with SCH patients being younger and MDD patients being older. After stratifying by sex, these ratios were compared using the nonparametric ANCOVA (Quade's test) using age as a covariate. In males, no significant statistical differences were found between groups. However, differences were observed in MLR in the subgroup of females [MDD: 0.23 (SD=0.09); BD: 0.23 (SD=0.11); SCH: 0.24 (SD=0.11); HC: 0.29 (SD=0.13); F=5.376, p=0.001]. Post hoc testing revealed that there are MLR differences between HC versus MDD and between HC versus BD, with higher values in HC versus the other two groups. On the other hand, no differences were found in either males or females for any of the studied ratios, among the three diagnostic groups. CONCLUSIONS MLR is reduced in MDD and BD patients versus HC, but exclusively in the female group. However, based on the analyzed indices, it is not possible to differentiate among the three diagnostic groups of patients. As a limitation of this study, note that the effects of psychopharmacological treatments and smoking have not been controlled for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Paniagua
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Leticia González-Blanco
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Pilar A Sáiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.
| | - Carlota Moya-Lacasa
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Gutiérrez
- Platelet Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Patricia Martínez-Botía
- Platelet Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Francesco Dal Santo
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis Jiménez-Treviño
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Paz García-Portilla
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
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10
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Steen NE, Rahman Z, Szabo A, Hindley GFL, Parker N, Cheng W, Lin A, O’Connell KS, Sheikh MA, Shadrin A, Bahrami S, Karthikeyan S, Hoseth EZ, Dale AM, Aukrust P, Smeland OB, Ueland T, Frei O, Djurovic S, Andreassen OA. Shared Genetic Loci Between Schizophrenia and White Blood Cell Counts Suggest Genetically Determined Systemic Immune Abnormalities. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:1345-1354. [PMID: 37319439 PMCID: PMC10483470 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune mechanisms are indicated in schizophrenia (SCZ). Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic variants associated with SCZ and immune-related phenotypes. Here, we use cutting edge statistical tools to identify shared genetic variants between SCZ and white blood cell (WBC) counts and further understand the role of the immune system in SCZ. STUDY DESIGN GWAS results from SCZ (patients, n = 53 386; controls, n = 77 258) and WBC counts (n = 56 3085) were analyzed. We applied linkage disequilibrium score regression, the conditional false discovery rate method and the bivariate causal mixture model for analyses of genetic associations and overlap, and 2 sample Mendelian randomization to estimate causal effects. STUDY RESULTS The polygenicity for SCZ was 7.5 times higher than for WBC count and constituted 32%-59% of WBC count genetic loci. While there was a significant but weak positive genetic correlation between SCZ and lymphocytes (rg = 0.05), the conditional false discovery rate method identified 383 shared genetic loci (53% concordant effect directions), with shared variants encompassing all investigated WBC subtypes: lymphocytes, n = 215 (56% concordant); neutrophils, n = 158 (49% concordant); monocytes, n = 146 (47% concordant); eosinophils, n = 135 (56% concordant); and basophils, n = 64 (53% concordant). A few causal effects were suggested, but consensus was lacking across different Mendelian randomization methods. Functional analyses indicated cellular functioning and regulation of translation as overlapping mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that genetic factors involved in WBC counts are associated with the risk of SCZ, indicating a role of immune mechanisms in subgroups of SCZ with potential for stratification of patients for immune targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Eiel Steen
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Zillur Rahman
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Attila Szabo
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guy F L Hindley
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Nadine Parker
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Weiqiu Cheng
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aihua Lin
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin S O’Connell
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mashhood A Sheikh
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexey Shadrin
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shahram Bahrami
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sandeep Karthikeyan
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Z Hoseth
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health, Helse Møre Romsdal HF, Kristiansund, Norway
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav B Smeland
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen—Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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11
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Shafiee-Kandjani AR, Nezhadettehad N, Farhang S, Bruggeman R, Shanebandi D, Hassanzadeh M, Azizi H. MicroRNAs and pro-inflammatory cytokines as candidate biomarkers for recent-onset psychosis. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:631. [PMID: 37644489 PMCID: PMC10463450 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies on the schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders showed that alternation of immune system components, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs) and pro-inflammatory compounds, plays a significant role in developing the illness. The study aimed to evaluate serum expression of the miRNA-26a, miRNA-106a, and miRNA-125b as genetic factors and serum levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α as pro-inflammatory factors in an IranianAzeri population. METHODS Forty patients with recent-onset non-affective psychosis and 40 healthy people as a control group were involved. Expression levels of miRNAs and serum levels of the cytokines were measured using RT-qPCR and ELISA, respectively. T-test, receiver operating characteristics (ROC), and spearman correlation coefficient were carried out data analysis. RESULTS Findings showed higher levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, miR-26a, and miR-106a in the plasma of the patients' group compared with the control. miRNA-26a showed a statistically significant higher level (p < .003) compared to the control group, with AUC = 0.84 (95% CI: 0.77 to 0.93, P < .001) and cut-off point = 0.17 in comparison to other miRNAs as mentioned above; in this regard, it might be a suggestive biomarker for schizophrenia in the early stage of the illness. Moreover, miRNAs' expression level was not substantially associated with the level of any measured cytokines above. CONCLUSIONS miR-26a might be a suggestive biomarker for schizophrenia in the early stage of the illness. Given that the relationship between other miRNAs and cytokines is not yet well understood; accordingly, there are encouragement and support for continued research in this fascinating field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Farhang
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Dariush Shanebandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadbagher Hassanzadeh
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hosein Azizi
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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12
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Lauriola M, D'Onofrio G, Ciccone F, Torre AL, Angelillis V, Germano C, Cascavilla L, Greco A. Vascular Schizophrenia-like Psychosis in Older Adults. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4831. [PMID: 37510946 PMCID: PMC10381626 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to analyze prevalence and severity of vascular risk factors in older patients referred to our clinic due to onset of Very Late-Onset Schizophrenia-Like Psychosis (VLOSLP) and to create a specific phenotype based on pathophysiological insight rather than age of onset. METHODS In a longitudinal study, 103 (M = 39, F = 64; mean age of 80.32 ± 7.65 years) patients were evaluated with cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and functional assessment scales. Blood concentration of hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), platelets, total protein test (TPT), creatinine, azotemia, glycemia, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), uric acid (UA), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chlorine (Cl), calcium (Ca), folate, vitamin B12 (Vit-B12), and homocysteine were measured. Presence/absence of tobacco use, alcohol consumption, psychoactive substance use, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and history of vascular disease were collected. RESULTS Females were more apathetic than males (NPI-Apathy: p = 0.040). Males had a significantly higher level of Hb (p = 0.019) and UA (p = 0.001), and a lower level of platelets (p = 0.004) and Ca (p = 0.003), and used more tobacco (p = 0.046) and alcohol (p = 0.024) than females. Comparing patients < 80 and ≥80 years, we found differences in frequency of vascular risk factors among men (p = 0.027). In total, 102 patients were treated for psychosis (59.16% of them were using atypical antipsychotics). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study could be useful for a progressive demonstration of the causal relationship between cardiac and cerebral vascular events and VLOSLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Lauriola
- Complex Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Grazia D'Onofrio
- Clinical Psychology Service, Health Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Filomena Ciccone
- Clinical Psychology Service, Health Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Annamaria la Torre
- Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Valentina Angelillis
- Complex Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Carmela Germano
- Complex Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Leandro Cascavilla
- Complex Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Complex Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
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13
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Chen W, Gou M, Wang L, Li N, Li W, Tong J, Zhou Y, Xie T, Yu T, Feng W, Li Y, Chen S, Tian B, Tan S, Wang Z, Pan S, Luo X, Zhang P, Huang J, Tian L, Li CSR, Tan Y. Inflammatory disequilibrium and lateral ventricular enlargement in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 72:18-29. [PMID: 37058967 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) patient respond poorly to antipsychotics. Inflammatory imbalance involving pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines may play an important role in the mechanism of antipsychotic-medication response. This study aimed to investigate immune imbalance and how the latter relates to clinical manifestations in patients with TRS. The level of net inflammation was estimated by evaluating the immune-inflammatory response system and compensatory immune-regulatory reflex system (IRS/CIRS) in 52 patients with TRS, 47 with non-TRS, and 56 sex and age matched healthy controls. The immune biomarkers mainly included macrophagic M1, T helper, Th-1, Th-2, Th-17, and T regulatory cytokines and receptors. Plasma cytokine levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Psychopathology was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Subcortical volumes were quantified using a 3-T Prisma Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanner. The results showed that (1) patients with TRS were characterized by activated pro-inflammatory cytokines and relatively insufficient anti-inflammatory cytokines, with an elevated IRS/CIRS ratio indicating a new homeostatic immune setpoint; (2) IRS/CIRS ratio was positively correlated with larger lateral ventricle volume and higher PANSS score in patients with TRS. Our findings highlighted the inflammatory disequilibrium as a potential pathophysiological process of TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Chen
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengzhuang Gou
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Tong
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Zhou
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Song Chen
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Baopeng Tian
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuping Tan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shujuan Pan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junchao Huang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China.
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14
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Cao Y, Xu Y, Xia Q, Shan F, Liang J. Peripheral Complement Factor-Based Biomarkers for Patients with First-Episode Schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:1455-1462. [PMID: 37384352 PMCID: PMC10295471 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s420475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe, protracted neurological disorder that causes disruptive conduct in millions of individuals globally. Discovery of potential biomarkers in clinical settings would lead to the development of efficient diagnostic techniques and an awareness of the disease's pathogenesis and prognosis. The aim of the present study was to discover and identify serum complement factor-based biomarkers in discriminating patients with first-episode SCZ from healthy controls. Methods Eighty-nine patients with first-episode SCZ and 89 healthy controls were included in this study. Psychiatric symptom severity of patients with SCZ was measured with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-18 Item Version (BPRS) and the Scales for the Assessment of Negative/Positive Symptoms (SANS/SAPS). A total of 5 complement factors including complement component 1 (C1), C2, C3, C4, and 50% hemolytic complement (CH50) were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The levels of serum complement factors in the SCZ and control groups were compared, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method was used to assess the diagnostic values of various complement factors for separating SCZ patients from healthy controls. Pearson's correlation test was used to assess the relationships between serum complement factor concentrations and the psychiatric symptom severity. Results There was an increase in serum levels of C1, C2, C3, C4, and CH50 among patients with SCZ. Moreover, based on ROC curve analysis, the AUC value of a combined panel of C1, C2, C3, C4, and CH50 was 0.857 when used to discriminate patients with SCZ from healthy controls. Furthermore, serum C2, C3, and CH50 levels were positively correlated to the scores of SANS, SAPS, and BPRS in patients with SCZ, respectively. Conclusion These results suggested that circulating complement factors including C1, C2, C3, C4, and CH50 may have potential in discovering biomarkers for diagnosing first-episode SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Cao
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yayun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingrong Xia
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Shan
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Liang
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Mut-Arbona P, Sperlágh B. P2 receptor-mediated signaling in the physiological and pathological brain: From development to aging and disease. Neuropharmacology 2023; 233:109541. [PMID: 37062423 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The purinergic pathway mediates both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, whereas the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is in a critical equilibrium. Under physiological conditions, extracellular ATP is maintained at a nanomolar concentration. Whether released into the medium following tissue damage, inflammation, or hypoxia, ATP is considered a clear indicator of cell damage and a marker of pathological conditions. In this overview, we provide an update on the participation of P2 receptor-mediated purinergic signaling in normal and pathological brain development, with special emphasis on neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders. Since purinergic signaling is ubiquitous, it is not surprising that it plays a prominent role in developmental processes and pathological alterations. The main aim of this review is to conceptualize the time-dependent dynamic changes in the participation of different players in the purinome in shaping the normal and aberrant developmental patterns and diseases of the central nervous system over one's lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mut-Arbona
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; János Szentágothai Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Sperlágh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; János Szentágothai Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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16
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Foley ÉM, Khandaker GM. Cytokines in psychosis: from mechanism towards treatment and prediction. Lancet Psychiatry 2023; 10:237-239. [PMID: 36863382 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Éimear M Foley
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit and Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Golam M Khandaker
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit and Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research, Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK; Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Bristol, UK.
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17
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Foley ÉM, Griffiths SL, Murray A, Rogers J, Corsi-Zuelli F, Hickinbotham H, Warwick E, Wilson M, Kaser M, Murray GK, Deakin B, Jadon D, Suckling J, Barnes NM, Upthegrove R, Khandaker GM. Protocol for the Psychosis Immune Mechanism Stratified Medicine (PIMS) trial: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of single-dose tocilizumab in patients with psychosis. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067944. [PMID: 36963796 PMCID: PMC10040013 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence suggests a potentially causal role of interleukin 6 (IL-6), a pleiotropic cytokine that generally promotes inflammation, in the pathogenesis of psychosis. However, no interventional studies in patients with psychosis, stratified using inflammatory markers, have been conducted to assess the therapeutic potential of targeting IL-6 in psychosis and to elucidate potential mechanism of effect. Tocilizumab is a humanised monoclonal antibody targeting the IL-6 receptor to inhibit IL-6 signalling, licensed in the UK for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The primary objective of this study is to test whether IL-6 contributes to the pathogenesis of first episode psychosis and to examine potential mechanisms by which IL-6 affects psychotic symptoms. A secondary objective is to examine characteristics of inflammation-associated psychosis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A proof-of-concept study employing a randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled design testing the effect of IL-6 inhibition on anhedonia in patients with psychosis. Approximately 60 participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders (ICD-10 codes F20, F22, F25, F28, F29) with evidence of low-grade inflammation (IL-6≥0.7 pg/mL) will receive either one intravenous infusion of tocilizumab (4.0 mg/kg; max 800 mg) or normal saline. Psychiatric measures and blood samples will be collected at baseline, 7, 14 and 28 days post infusion. Cognitive and neuroimaging data will be collected at baseline and 14 days post infusion. In addition, approximately 30 patients with psychosis without evidence of inflammation (IL-6<0.7 pg/mL) and 30 matched healthy controls will be recruited to complete identical baseline assessments to allow for comparison of the characteristic features of inflammation-associated psychosis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study is sponsored by the University of Bristol and has been approved by the Cambridge East Research Ethics Committee (reference: 22/EE/0010; IRAS project ID: 301682). Study findings will be published in peer-review journals. Findings will also be disseminated by scientific presentation and other means. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN23256704.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éimear M Foley
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sian Lowri Griffiths
- Institute for Mental Health and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexander Murray
- Institute for Mental Health and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jack Rogers
- Institute for Mental Health and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fabiana Corsi-Zuelli
- Institute for Mental Health and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Ella Warwick
- Institute for Mental Health and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martin Wilson
- Institute for Mental Health and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Muzaffer Kaser
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Fulbourn, UK
| | - Graham K Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Fulbourn, UK
| | - Bill Deakin
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Deepak Jadon
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Suckling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Fulbourn, UK
| | - Nicholas M Barnes
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rachel Upthegrove
- Institute for Mental Health and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Early Intervention Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Golam M Khandaker
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
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18
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Psychotic-like experiences are associated with physical disorders in general population: A cross-sectional study from the NESARC II. J Psychosom Res 2023; 165:111128. [PMID: 36608509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) constitute subthreshold symptoms of psychotic disorders, and belong to five distinct dimensions: Positive, Negative, Depressive, Mania and Disorganization. PLEs are associated with various psychiatric disorders. However, few studies examined their association with physical disorders. OBJECTIVE Our aims were (1) to assess the associations between various physical disorders and PLEs in a U.S. representative sample, and (2) to examine these associations according to the five dimensions of PLEs. METHOD We used data from the wave II (2004-2005) of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC-II), a large national sample representative of the US population (N = 34,653). Participants were assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule 4. Twenty-two PLEs were examined. Lifetime prevalence and adjusted Odds-Ratio (aOR) reflecting the association of sixteen physical disorders (including notably metabolic conditions and heart diseases) with PLEs were calculated. RESULTS All studied physical disorders were associated with the presence of PLEs. Particularly the presence of any physical condition, any heart disease and diabetes were more frequent in participants with at least one PLE compared with the group without any PLE (aOR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.62-1.87, aOR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.33-1.55 and aOR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.24-1.54, respectively). Almost all physical disorders were associated with the five dimensions of PLEs. CONCLUSIONS PLEs were associated with a large range of physical disorders, with a gradual dose effect. To assess PLEs in the general population could help with the screening of subjects with physical disorders.
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Bejerot S, Sigra Stein S, Welin E, Eklund D, Hylén U, Humble MB. Rituximab as an adjunctive treatment for schizophrenia spectrum disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder: Two open-label pilot studies on treatment-resistant patients. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 158:319-329. [PMID: 36638622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this explorative study, we investigated if an adjunctive treatment with one single dose of the monoclonal antibody rituximab would improve symptoms and function in treatment-resistant patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD, n = 9) or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD, n = 10), based on the inflammatory hypothesis for mental disorders. Patients were followed for one year. Disability was measured with the Personal and Social Performance score (PSP). At baseline, the mean PANSS score in the SSD group was 99 ± 32 and the mean Y-BOCS score in the OCD group was 27.5 ± 7. Mean PSP scores were 32 ± 10.2 and 42.5 ± 9.9 in the SSD and OCD groups, respectively. Seven had Paediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) in retrospect, and 3 SSD patients had schizo-obsessive subtype. 4/8 SSD patients showed a ≥40% reduction in PANSS at endpoint I week 20, however, 7/9 were similarly improved already at week 12. Among the OCD patients, 2/10 showed a ≥35% reduction in Y-BOCS at week 20. Disability was significantly improved only in the SSD group. The percentual decrease of PANSS scores in SSD patients was associated with the increase in immunoglobulin levels week 20 (n = 8: IgG r = 0.85, p = .007; IgA r = 0.79, p = .019; IgM r = 0.73, p = .038). Rituximab was generally well tolerated in these patients. Self-rated improvements since baseline were reported for psychic (p = .021), neurological (p = .059), and autonomic (p < .001) side effects (UKU-SERS-Pat side-effect scale). Anxiety was commonly reported by OCD patients, while an initial increase in psychotic symptoms was seen in a few SSD patients. An RCT is underway to evaluate rituximab in SSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bejerot
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Sweden; Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Sofia Sigra Stein
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Sweden.
| | - Elisabet Welin
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Eklund
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Ulrika Hylén
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Sweden; Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Mats B Humble
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
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20
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Alzheimer's Disease and Impaired Bone Microarchitecture, Regeneration and Potential Genetic Links. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020373. [PMID: 36836731 PMCID: PMC9963274 DOI: 10.3390/life13020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and osteoporosis are both age-related degenerative diseases. Many studies indicate that these two diseases share common pathogenesis mechanisms. In this review, the osteoporotic phenotype of AD mouse models was discussed, and shared mechanisms such as hormonal imbalance, genetic factors, similar signaling pathways and impaired neurotransmitters were identified. Moreover, the review provides recent data associated with these two diseases. Furthermore, potential therapeutic approaches targeting both diseases were discussed. Thus, we proposed that preventing bone loss should be one of the most important treatment goals in patients with AD; treatment targeting brain disorders is also beneficial for osteoporosis.
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21
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Michalczyk A, Tyburski E, Podwalski P, Waszczuk K, Rudkowski K, Kucharska-Mazur J, Mak M, Rek-Owodziń K, Plichta P, Bielecki M, Andrusewicz W, Cecerska-Heryć E, Samochowiec A, Misiak B, Sagan L, Samochowiec J. Serum Inflammatory Markers and Integrity of the Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus and the Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus in Schizophrenia, from Prodromal Stages to Chronic Psychosis-A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020683. [PMID: 36675612 PMCID: PMC9866306 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic subclinical inflammation is believed to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Meta-analyses confirm the presence of increased levels of peripheral inflammatory markers (IM) in schizophrenia and its prodromal stages. Peripheral cytokines may affect the brain microstructure through chronic activation of microglia. Disruptions in the integrity of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) are commonly seen in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. We therefore attempted to verify in a cross-sectional study whether there is a correlation between levels of peripheral IM and the integrity of these brain regions in healthy controls, from prodromal states and first episode psychosis to long-term schizophrenia. The integrity of white matter was measured using diffusion tensor imaging. Despite a broad analysis of six IM (CRP, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ), we did not find any correlations with the integrity of the SLF or ILF in any of the analyzed groups (after correction for multiple comparisons). In conclusion, our study does not support the existence of a link between disrupted levels of peripheral IM and reduced integrity of ILF and SLF in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. However, prospective studies are needed to verify this over a long period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Michalczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Ernest Tyburski
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Podwalski
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Waszczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rudkowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Monika Mak
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rek-Owodziń
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Plichta
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Bielecki
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Andrusewicz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Sagan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
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Griffiths SL, Upthegrove R, Corsi-Zuelli F, Deakin B. Rethinking Immunity and Cognition in Clinical High Risk for Psychosis. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023; 63:475-497. [PMID: 36409457 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that schizophrenia is associated with cognitive impairment, reduced cortical grey matter and increased circulating concentrations of inflammatory cytokines. However, the relationship between these findings is not clear. We outline the influential neuroinflammatory hypotheses that raised cytokines provoke a damaging immune response in microglia that results in reduced grey matter and associated cognitive performance. We investigated whether such an interaction might be detectable in the prodromal period as illness emerges from the Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P). Meta-analyses suggest that compared with controls, impaired cognition and reduced grey matter are already present by the prodrome and that greater decrements are present in those who later develop symptoms. In contrast, the few cytokine studies report no abnormalities in CHR-P except that interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were raised versus controls and to a greater extent in the future patients, in one study. We noted that cognitive impairment and less cortical grey matter are more severe in schizophrenia than in affective disorders, but that increased cytokine levels are similarly prevalent across disorders. We found no studies correlating cytokine levels with cognitive impairment in CHR-P but such correlations seem unlikely given the minimal relationship reported in a recent meta-analysis of the many cytokine-cognition studies in established illness. From this and other evidence, we conclude that neuroinflammation is not a core feature of schizophrenia nor a substrate for reduced grey matter volume or cognitive function. We draw attention instead to the emerging evidence that brain-resident immune cells and signalling molecules such as Tregs and IL-6, which are influenced by schizophrenia risk genes, regulate and are necessary for the development and function of neuron-glia interaction. We suggest that cognitive impairment in schizophrenia can be seen as a convergence of genetic and immune-neurodevelopmental dysregulation whereas raised cytokines are a consequence of impaired Tregs control of systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Upthegrove
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fabiana Corsi-Zuelli
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bill Deakin
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Kazgan Kılıçaslan A, Yıldız S, Sırlıer Emir B, Kılıç F, Atmaca M. Serum Klotho and FGF23 Levels in Patients with Schizophrenia. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2022; 32:229-236. [PMID: 38766669 PMCID: PMC11099619 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2022.22406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to compare the serum levels of Klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 in patients with schizophrenia, in whom etiopathogenesis inflammation plays an important role, with those of healthy control subjects and to investigate a possible correlation between these levels. Methods Forty male patients with schizophrenia and 40 healthy male control subjects who were followed up and/or treated at the High-Security Forensic Psychiatry Clinic participated in the study. Sociodemographic data form, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and the Clinical Global Impression Scale were collected from all subjects, and participants' fibroblast growth factor 23 and Klotho serum levels were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results The serum levels of Klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 were significantly higher in schizophrenia patients than in healthy controls (P = .048 and P = .010, respectively). A significant positive correlation was observed between serum levels of Klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 in subjects (r = 0.816; P < .001). Conclusion Our study is the first to show significantly higher combined serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 and Klotho in patients with schizophrenia. The Klotho/fibroblast growth factor 23 pathway may play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The involvement of Klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 in inflammatory processes has the potential to provide alternative approaches to elucidate the etiopathogenesis and treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sevler Yıldız
- Department of Psychiatry, Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | | | - Faruk Kılıç
- Department of Psychiatry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Murad Atmaca
- Department of Psychiatry, Fırat University, School of Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey
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FKN/NR Signaling Pathway Regulates Hippocampal Inflammatory Responses: the Survival of Hippocampal Neurons in Diabetic Rats with Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8980627. [PMID: 36072409 PMCID: PMC9444384 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8980627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim To investigate the mechanism via which FKN/CX3CR1 signaling abnormalities mediate N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDA) overexcitation-induced hippocampal neuronal injury in diabetic rats complicated with depression (DD). Methods Sixty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. The depression-like behaviors of the rats were evaluated by open field test and Morris water maze. The pathological changes of hippocampus in DD rats were observed by HE staining. The blood levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) and neurotransmitters (D-serine and glutamic acid) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of BDNF, A1 receptor (A1R), A2 receptor (A2R), A3 receptor (A3R), calmodulin dependent kinase II (CaMKII), CX3CR1, CX3CL1 (FKN), NR2A, and NR2B proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western-blotting. Results Compared with the normal control group, blood glucose level increased significantly and body weight decreased in T2DM group and T2DMC group. In addition, the number of spontaneous activities significantly decreased and the capability of learning and memory was attenuated in T2DMC group and Chronic Stress group. The blood levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, glutamate (Glu), and D-serine significantly increased in each model group. After intervention with CX3CR1 antibody, the expressions of BDNF, CaMK II, A1R, and A3R increased and those of A2R, CX3CR1, FKN, NR2A, and NR2B decreased. Conclusion In the diabetic state, the binding of FKN to CX3CR1 increases, which regulates a variety of adenosine receptors. When it exerts its effect on neurons, the overactivation of NR results in neuronal injury and causes depression.
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Ramos-Méndez MA, Tovilla-Zárate CA, Juárez-Rojop IE, Villar-Soto M, Genis-Mendoza AD, González-Castro TB, López-Narváez ML, Martínez-Magaña JJ, Castillo-Avila RG, Villar-Juárez GE. Effect of risperidone on serum IL-6 levels in individuals with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2022:1-8. [PMID: 35839173 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2022.2100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risperidone has been significant correlated with a direct effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in patients with schizophrenia. This fact allows the opportunity to link the probable immunomodulatory effect of antipsychotic medication. Specially, a proper functioning of IL-6 pathway plays a potential role in the treatment or development of schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE Our primary aim was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effect of risperidone on IL-6 levels in individuals with schizophrenia. METHODS Studies were identified through a systematic search using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The articles found were subjected to the inclusion and exclusion criteria; then, the mean and standardised differences were extracted to calculate the standardised mean differences using the CMA software. RESULTS IL-6 levels in individuals with schizophrenia were compared before and after receiving risperidone as treatment. Increased levels of IL-6 levels were observed in individuals with schizophrenia who received risperidone (point estimate 0.249, lower limit 0.042, upper limit 0.455, p-value 0.018). In the Asian population sub-analysis, no statistically significant differences were observed (point estimate 0.103, lower limit -0.187, upper limit 0.215, p value 0.890). When we compared individuals with schizophrenia to the control groups, a significant increase of IL-6 levels was observed in the group with schizophrenia (point estimate 0.248, lower limit 0.024, upper limit 0.472, p-value 0.30). CONCLUSIONS Risperidone appears to play an important role in IL-6 levels in schizophrenia. Potential implications of increased IL-6 levels in people with schizophrenia should be considered in future studies.KEY POINTSIncreased levels of IL-6 levels were observed in individuals with schizophrenia who received risperidone.Risperidone appears to play an important role in IL-6 levels in schizophrenia.This study could serve for future research focussed on IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Ramos-Méndez
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico
| | | | - Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - Mario Villar-Soto
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Salud Mental, Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Thelma Beatriz González-Castro
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, Mexico
| | - María Lilia López-Narváez
- Hospital Chiapas Nos Une Dr. Gilberto Gómez Maza, Secretaría de Salud de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico
| | - José Jaime Martínez-Magaña
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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26
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Michalczyk A, Tyburski E, Podwalski P, Waszczuk K, Rudkowski K, Kucharska-Mazur J, Mak M, Rek-Owodziń K, Plichta P, Bielecki M, Andrusewicz W, Cecerska-Heryć E, Samochowiec A, Misiak B, Sagan L, Samochowiec J. Serum inflammatory markers and their associations with white matter integrity of the corpus callosum in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 116:110510. [PMID: 35063597 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with disrupted integrity of white matter microstructure of a variety of brain regions, especially the corpus callosum (CC). Chronic subclinical inflammation is considered to be one of the factors involved in the pathogenesis of this disease, and increased levels of peripheral inflammatory markers are often observed in schizophrenia patients. Therefore, we decided to investigate whether the integrity of the corpus callosum is correlated with levels of these markers. A total of 50 patients with stable chronic schizophrenia (SCH) and 30 controls (CON) were enrolled in the study. All participants underwent psychiatric evaluation, neuroimaging, and blood sampling including the measurement of serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL - 10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Additional potentially related factors, such as age, gender, BMI, smoking, disease duration, and treatment were included in the analysis. Significantly higher IL-6 and IFN-γ levels were observed in SCH compared to CON. In SCH, IFN-γ was positively correlated with mean diffusivity of region 2 of the CC. In CON, IL-6 was inversely correlated with fractional anisotropy of region 1 of the CC. These results support the potential influence of peripheral inflammatory markers on the integrity of the CC in schizophrenia, but require verification in longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Michalczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Ernest Tyburski
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Podwalski
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Waszczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | - Monika Mak
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Plichta
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Bielecki
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Leszek Sagan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
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The Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio Is Positively Correlated with Aggression in Schizophrenia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4040974. [PMID: 35502339 PMCID: PMC9056227 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4040974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To find biomarkers to assess the risk of aggression, we looked at the association between aggression and levels of body inflammation in patients with schizophrenia. The Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) score was used to divide the aggressive (n = 72) and nonaggressive (n = 141) groups. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) is a tool for determining the severity of a patient's condition. After measuring the number of inflammatory cells in the peripheral blood, the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were estimated. We investigated the relationship between aggressive behavior, bodily inflammation, and BPRS. Before therapy, the aggressive group's BPRS score, white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil count, monocyte count, NLR, and MLR were considerably more significant than the nonaggressive group's. After therapy, statistically significant variations in total BPRS score and neutrophil count between the two groups. According to correlation analysis before and after treatment, aggressive behavior was positively connected with neutrophil count, NLR, and BPRS score. The presence of aggressive behavior in schizophrenic patients indicates the severity of the disorder to some degree. NLR can be used as an objective biomarker to quickly assess the risk of aggression in schizophrenic patients.
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28
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Liang Y, Shi X, Shen Y, Huang Z, Wang J, Shao C, Chu Y, Chen J, Yu J, Kang Y. Enhanced intestinal protein fermentation in schizophrenia. BMC Med 2022; 20:67. [PMID: 35135531 PMCID: PMC8827269 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging findings highlighted the associations of mental illness to nutrition and dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiota, but the underlying mechanisms, especially in schizophrenia (SZ), remain unclarified. METHODS We conducted a case-control study of SZ patients (case to control=100:52) by performing sequencing of the gut metagenome; measurement of fecal and plasma non-targeted metabolome; including short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids; and targeted metabolites, along with recorded details of daily intakes of food. RESULTS The metagenome analysis uncovered enrichment of asaccharolytic species and reduced abundance of carbohydrate catabolism pathways and enzymes in the gut of SZ patients, but increased abundance of peptidases in contrast to their significantly reduced protein intake. Fecal metabolome analysis identified increased concentrations of many protein catabolism products, including amino acids (AAs), urea, branched short-chain fatty acids, and various nitrogenous derivates of aromatic AAs in SZ patients. Protein synthesis, represented by the abundance of AA-biosynthesis pathways and aminoacyl-tRNA transferases in metagenome, was significantly decreased. The AUCs (area under the curve) of the diagnostic random forest models based on their abundance achieved 85% and 91%, respectively. The fecal levels of AA-fermentative enzymes and products uniformly showed positive correlations with the severity of psychiatric symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed apparent dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiome of SZ patients, where microbial metabolism is dominated by protein fermentation and shift from carbohydrate fermentation and protein synthesis in healthy conditions. The aberrant macronutrient metabolism by gut microbes highlights the importance of nutrition care and the potential for developing microbiota-targeted therapeutics in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yang Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoran Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, ,235000, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Changjun Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yanan Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jing Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jun Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Kang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.
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29
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Li H, Chen W, Gou M, Li W, Tong J, Zhou Y, Xie T, Yu T, Feng W, Li Y, Chen S, Tian B, Tan S, Wang Z, Pan S, Li N, Luo X, Zhang P, Huang J, Tian L, Li CSR, Tan Y. The relationship between TLR4/NF-κB/IL-1β signaling, cognitive impairment, and white-matter integrity in patients with stable chronic schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:966657. [PMID: 36051545 PMCID: PMC9424630 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.966657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have implicated intricate interactions between innate immunity and the brain in schizophrenia. Monocytic Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 signaling, a crucial "sensor" of innate immunity, was reported to be over-activated in link with cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. As TLR4 is predominantly expressed on gliocytes prior to expression in neurons, we hypothesized that higher TLR4 levels may contribute to cognitive deterioration by affecting white matter microstructure. METHODS Forty-four patients with stable chronic schizophrenia (SCS) and 59 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in this study. The monocytic function was detected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation to simulate bacterial infection. Basal and LPS- stimulated levels of TLR4, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and interleukin (IL)-1β were quantified with flow cytometry. Cognitive function was assessed by the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and psychopathological symptoms were evaluated by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). We employed diffusion tensor imaging with a 3-T scanner and evaluated white-matter integrity with fractional anisotropy (FA). Subcortical volume and cortical thickness were also assessed. RESULTS The TLR4/NF-κB/IL-1β signaling pathway was activated in patients with SCS, but responded sluggishly to LPS stimulation when compared with HCs. Furthermore, monocytic TLR4 expressions were inversely correlated with cognitive function and white matter FA, but not with cortical thickness or subcortical gray matter volume in schizophrenia. CONCLUSION Our findings support altered TLR4 signaling pathway activity in association with deficits in cognition and white matter integrity in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongna Li
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjin Chen
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengzhuang Gou
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Tong
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Zhou
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Song Chen
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Baopeng Tian
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuping Tan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shujuan Pan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ping Zhang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junchao Huang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
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30
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Heurich M, Föcking M, Mongan D, Cagney G, Cotter DR. Dysregulation of complement and coagulation pathways: emerging mechanisms in the development of psychosis. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:127-140. [PMID: 34226666 PMCID: PMC8256396 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Early identification and treatment significantly improve clinical outcomes of psychotic disorders. Recent studies identified protein components of the complement and coagulation systems as key pathways implicated in psychosis. These specific protein alterations are integral to the inflammatory response and can begin years before the onset of clinical symptoms of psychotic disorder. Critically, they have recently been shown to predict the transition from clinical high risk to first-episode psychosis, enabling stratification of individuals who are most likely to transition to psychotic disorder from those who are not. This reinforces the concept that the psychosis spectrum is likely a central nervous system manifestation of systemic changes and highlights the need to investigate plasma proteins as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and pathophysiological mediators. In this review, we integrate evidence of alterations in proteins belonging to the complement and coagulation protein systems, including the coagulation, anticoagulation, and fibrinolytic pathways and their dysregulation in psychosis, into a consolidated mechanism that could be integral to the progression and manifestation of psychosis. We consolidate the findings of altered blood proteins relevant for progression to psychotic disorders, using data from longitudinal studies of the general population in addition to clinical high-risk (CHR) individuals transitioning to psychotic disorder. These are compared to markers identified from first-episode psychosis and schizophrenia as well as other psychosis spectrum disorders. We propose the novel hypothesis that altered complement and coagulation plasma levels enhance their pathways' activating capacities, while low levels observed in key regulatory components contribute to excessive activation observed in patients. This hypothesis will require future testing through a range of experimental paradigms, and if upheld, complement and coagulation pathways or specific proteins could be useful diagnostic or prognostic tools and targets for early intervention and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Heurich
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Melanie Föcking
- grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Mongan
- grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerard Cagney
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David R. Cotter
- grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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31
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Morrens M, Overloop C, Coppens V, Loots E, Van Den Noortgate M, Vandenameele S, Leboyer M, De Picker L. The relationship between immune and cognitive dysfunction in mood and psychotic disorder: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3237-3246. [PMID: 35484245 PMCID: PMC9708549 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In psychotic and mood disorders, immune alterations are hypothesized to underlie cognitive symptoms, as they have been associated with elevated blood levels of inflammatory cytokines, kynurenine metabolites, and markers of microglial activation. The current meta-analysis synthesizes all available clinical evidence on the associations between immunomarkers (IMs) and cognition in these psychiatric illnesses. METHODS Pubmed, Web of Science, and Psycinfo were searched for peer-reviewed studies on schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), or major depressive disorder (MDD) including an association analysis between at least one baseline neuropsychological outcome measure (NP) and one IM (PROSPERO ID:CRD42021278371). Quality assessment was performed using BIOCROSS. Correlation meta-analyses, and random effect models, were conducted in Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 3 investigating the association between eight cognitive domains and pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory indices (PII and AII) as well as individual IM. RESULTS Seventy-five studies (n = 29,104) revealed global cognitive performance (GCP) to be very weakly associated to PII (r = -0.076; p = 0.003; I2 = 77.4) or AII (r = 0.067; p = 0.334; I2 = 38.0) in the combined patient sample. Very weak associations between blood-based immune markers and global or domain-specific GCP were found, either combined or stratified by diagnostic subgroup (GCP x PII: SZ: r = -0.036, p = 0.370, I2 = 70.4; BD: r = -0.095, p = 0.013, I2 = 44.0; MDD: r = -0.133, p = 0.040, I2 = 83.5). We found evidence of publication bias. DISCUSSION There is evidence of only a weak association between blood-based immune markers and cognition in mood and psychotic disorders. Significant publication and reporting biases were observed and most likely underlie the inflation of such associations in individual studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Morrens
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium ,Scientific Initiative of Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), University Psychiatric Centre Duffel, Duffel, Belgium
| | - C. Overloop
- Scientific Initiative of Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), University Psychiatric Centre Duffel, Duffel, Belgium
| | - V. Coppens
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium ,Scientific Initiative of Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), University Psychiatric Centre Duffel, Duffel, Belgium
| | - E. Loots
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing and obstetrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - M. Van Den Noortgate
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - S. Vandenameele
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium ,grid.411326.30000 0004 0626 3362University Hospital Brussels, Brussels Health Campus, Jette, Belgium
| | - M. Leboyer
- grid.462410.50000 0004 0386 3258INSERM U955, Equipe Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Créteil, France ,grid.484137.d0000 0005 0389 9389Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France ,grid.412116.10000 0001 2292 1474AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, DHU Pepsy, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie, Créteil, France ,grid.410511.00000 0001 2149 7878Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Creteil, France
| | - L. De Picker
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium ,Scientific Initiative of Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), University Psychiatric Centre Duffel, Duffel, Belgium
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32
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Antunes ASLM, Saia-Cereda VM, Crunfli F, Martins-de-Souza D. 14-3-3 proteins at the crossroads of neurodevelopment and schizophrenia. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 23:14-32. [PMID: 33952049 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.1925585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 family comprises multifunctional proteins that play a role in neurogenesis, neuronal migration, neuronal differentiation, synaptogenesis and dopamine synthesis. 14-3-3 members function as adaptor proteins and impact a wide variety of cellular and physiological processes involved in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder and knowledge about its pathophysiology is still limited. 14-3-3 have been proven to be linked with the dopaminergic, glutamatergic and neurodevelopmental hypotheses of schizophrenia. Further, research using genetic models has demonstrated the role played by 14-3-3 proteins in neurodevelopment and neuronal circuits, however a more integrative and comprehensive approach is needed for a better understanding of their role in schizophrenia. For instance, we still lack an integrated assessment of the processes affected by 14-3-3 proteins in the dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems. In this context, it is also paramount to understand their involvement in the biology of brain cells other than neurons. Here, we present previous and recent research that has led to our current understanding of the roles 14-3-3 proteins play in brain development and schizophrenia, perform an assessment of their functional protein association network and discuss the use of protein-protein interaction modulators to target 14-3-3 as a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- André S L M Antunes
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Verônica M Saia-Cereda
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Crunfli
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, São Paulo, Brazil
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Malashenkova I, Ushakov V, Zakharova N, Krynskiy S, Ogurtsov D, Hailov N, Chekulaeva E, Ratushnyy A, Kartashov S, Kostyuk G, Didkovsky N. Neuro-Immune Aspects of Schizophrenia with Severe Negative Symptoms: New Diagnostic Markers of Disease Phenotype. Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2021; 13:24-33. [PMID: 35265356 PMCID: PMC8858398 DOI: 10.17691/stm2021.13.6.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the immune-inflammatory profile of patients with paranoid schizophrenia and relate it to the severity of negative symptoms and the MRI data in order to identify biomarkers of schizophrenia severity, search for new approaches to therapy, and control its effectiveness. Materials and Methods The main group included 51 patients with paranoid schizophrenia, the control group - 30 healthy subjects. Patients underwent MRI scans and immunological studies, which included an assessment of natural and adaptive immunity, the systemic level of key pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and other markers of inflammation. Results Disorders of immunity and immunoinflammatory profile in patients with paranoid schizophrenia with severe negative symptoms were revealed for the first time: in the presence of severe negative symptoms (>15 points according to the NSA-4 scale), the levels of humoral immunity factors, cytokines IL-10 and IL-12p40 and neurotrophin NGF were increased as well as the markers of systemic inflammation. Morphometric changes in the brain, typical for patients with schizophrenia, and also specific for patients with severe negative symptoms, were determined. The data analysis revealed correlations between the immune changes with structural changes in some of the brain areas, including the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Associations were found between the levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10, IL-12p40 cytokines and morphometric parameters of the brain, specific only for schizophrenic patients with severe negative symptoms. Conclusion The interdisciplinary approach, combining brain morphometry with in-depth immunological and clinical studies, made it possible to determine neurobiological, immune, and neurocognitive markers of paranoid schizophrenia with severe negative symptoms. The results are important for further deciphering the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and its subtypes, as well as for the search for new approaches to the treatment of severe forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- I.K. Malashenkova
- Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Virology; National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1 Akademika Kurchatova Square, Moscow, 123182, Russia; Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine
| | - V.L. Ushakov
- Associate Professor, Senior Researcher; National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 31 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115409, Russia; Department Head; Alekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No.1, Moscow Department of Health, 2 Zagorodnoe Shosse, Moscow, 117152, Russia; Leading Researcher, Institute for Advanced Brain Research; Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/1 Lomonosov Avenue, Moscow, 119192, Russia
| | - N.V. Zakharova
- Head of the Laboratory for Fundamental Research Methods; Alekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No.1, Moscow Department of Health, 2 Zagorodnoe Shosse, Moscow, 117152, Russia
| | - S.A. Krynskiy
- Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Virology; National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1 Akademika Kurchatova Square, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - D.P. Ogurtsov
- Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Virology; National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1 Akademika Kurchatova Square, Moscow, 123182, Russia; Researcher, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine
| | - N.A. Hailov
- Senior Researcher, Resource Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology; National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1 Akademika Kurchatova Square, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - E.I. Chekulaeva
- Junior Researcher, Resource Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology; National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1 Akademika Kurchatova Square, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - A.Y. Ratushnyy
- Researcher, Laboratory of Cell Physiology; Russian Federation State Research Center Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 76A Khoroshevskoe Shosse, Moscow, 123007, Russia
| | - S.I. Kartashov
- Laboratory Deputy Head; National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1 Akademika Kurchatova Square, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - G.P. Kostyuk
- Professor, Chief Physician; Alekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No.1, Moscow Department of Health, 2 Zagorodnoe Shosse, Moscow, 117152, Russia
| | - N.A. Didkovsky
- Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine
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Wagh VV, Vyas P, Agrawal S, Pachpor TA, Paralikar V, Khare SP. Peripheral Blood-Based Gene Expression Studies in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review. Front Genet 2021; 12:736483. [PMID: 34721526 PMCID: PMC8548640 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.736483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a disorder that is characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior, and socio-occupational impairment. The duration of observation and variability in symptoms can make the accurate diagnosis difficult. Identification of biomarkers for schizophrenia (SCZ) can help in early diagnosis, ascertaining the diagnosis, and development of effective treatment strategies. Here we review peripheral blood-based gene expression studies for identification of gene expression biomarkers for SCZ. A literature search was carried out in PubMed and Web of Science databases for blood-based gene expression studies in SCZ. A list of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was compiled and analyzed for overlap with genetic markers, differences based on drug status of the participants, functional enrichment, and for effect of antipsychotics. This literature survey identified 61 gene expression studies. Seventeen out of these studies were based on expression microarrays. A comparative analysis of the DEGs (n = 227) from microarray studies revealed differences between drug-naive and drug-treated SCZ participants. We found that of the 227 DEGs, 11 genes (ACOT7, AGO2, DISC1, LDB1, RUNX3, SIGIRR, SLC18A1, NRG1, CHRNB2, PRKAB2, and ZNF74) also showed genetic and epigenetic changes associated with SCZ. Functional enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed dysregulation of proline and 4-hydroxyproline metabolism. Also, arginine and proline metabolism was the most functionally enriched pathway for SCZ in our analysis. Follow-up studies identified effect of antipsychotic treatment on peripheral blood gene expression. Of the 27 genes compiled from the follow-up studies AKT1, DISC1, HP, and EIF2D had no effect on their expression status as a result of antipsychotic treatment. Despite the differences in the nature of the study, ethnicity of the population, and the gene expression analysis method used, we identified several coherent observations. An overlap, though limited, of genetic, epigenetic and gene expression changes supports interplay of genetic and environmental factors in SCZ. The studies validate the use of blood as a surrogate tissue for biomarker analysis. We conclude that well-designed cohort studies across diverse populations, use of high-throughput sequencing technology, and use of artificial intelligence (AI) based computational analysis will significantly improve our understanding and diagnostic capabilities for this complex disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Vilas Wagh
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Parin Vyas
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Suchita Agrawal
- The Psychiatry Unit, KEM Hospital and KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | | | - Vasudeo Paralikar
- The Psychiatry Unit, KEM Hospital and KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Satyajeet P Khare
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
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35
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Dauvermann MR, Mothersill D, Rokita KI, King S, Holleran L, Kane R, McKernan DP, Kelly JP, Morris DW, Corvin A, Hallahan B, McDonald C, Donohoe G. Changes in Default-Mode Network Associated With Childhood Trauma in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1482-1494. [PMID: 33823040 PMCID: PMC8379545 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is considerable evidence of dysconnectivity within the default-mode network (DMN) in schizophrenia, as measured during resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). History of childhood trauma (CT) is observed at a higher frequency in schizophrenia than in the general population, but its relationship to DMN functional connectivity has yet to be investigated. METHODS CT history and rs-fMRI data were collected in 65 individuals with schizophrenia and 132 healthy controls. Seed-based functional connectivity between each of 4 a priori defined seeds of the DMN (medial prefrontal cortex, right and left lateral parietal lobes, and the posterior cingulate cortex) and all other voxels of the brain were compared across groups. Effects of CT on functional connectivity were examined using multiple regression analyses. Where significant associations were observed, regression analyses were further used to determine whether variance in behavioral measures of Theory of Mind (ToM), previously associated with DMN recruitment, were explained by these associations. RESULTS Seed-based analyses revealed evidence of widespread reductions in functional connectivity in patients vs controls, including between the left/right parietal lobe (LP) and multiple other regions, including the parietal operculum bilaterally. Across all subjects, increased CT scores were associated with reduced prefrontal-parietal connectivity and, in patients, with increased prefrontal-cerebellar connectivity also. These CT-associated differences in DMN connectivity also predicted variation in behavioral measures of ToM. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that CT history is associated with variation in DMN connectivity during rs-fMRI in patients with schizophrenia and healthy participants, which may partly mediate associations observed between early life adversity and cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Dauvermann
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and Cognition (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - David Mothersill
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and Cognition (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Department of Psychology, National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karolina I Rokita
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and Cognition (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sinead King
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and Cognition (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Laurena Holleran
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and Cognition (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ruan Kane
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and Cognition (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Declan P McKernan
- Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and Cognition (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - John P Kelly
- Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and Cognition (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Derek W Morris
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and Cognition (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Hallahan
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and Cognition (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Colm McDonald
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and Cognition (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gary Donohoe
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and Cognition (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland; tel: +353-(0)91-495-122, e-mail:
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Branchi I, Poggini S, Capuron L, Benedetti F, Poletti S, Tamouza R, Drexhage HA, Penninx BWJH, Pariante CM. Brain-immune crosstalk in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 45:89-107. [PMID: 33386229 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of studies are pointing out the need for a conceptual shift from a brain-centered to a body-inclusive approach in mental health research. In this perspective, the link between the immune and the nervous system, which are deeply interconnected and continuously interacting, is one of the most important novel theoretical framework to investigate the biological bases of major depressive disorder and, more in general, mental illness. Indeed, depressed patients show high levels of inflammatory markers, administration of pro-inflammatory drugs triggers a depressive symptomatology and antidepressant efficacy is reduced by excessive immune system activation. A number of molecular and cellular mechanisms have been hypothesized to act as a link between the immune and brain function, thus representing potential pharmacologically targetable processes for the development of novel and effective therapeutic strategies. These include the modulation of the kynurenine pathway, the crosstalk between metabolic and inflammatory processes, the imbalance in acquired immune responses, in particular T cell responses, and the interplay between neural plasticity and immune system activation. In the personalized medicine approach, the assessment and regulation of these processes have the potential to lead, respectively, to novel diagnostic approaches for the prediction of treatment outcome according to the patient's immunological profile, and to improved efficacy of antidepressant compounds through immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Branchi
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Poggini
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucile Capuron
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Poletti
- Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Ryad Tamouza
- Département Medico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU ADAPT), Laboratoire Neuro-psychiatrie translationnelle, AP-HP, Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Hemmo A Drexhage
- Department of Immunology, ErasmusMC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Department of Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
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- Département Medico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU ADAPT), Laboratoire Neuro-psychiatrie translationnelle, AP-HP, Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Créteil, France
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37
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Prestwood TR, Asgariroozbehani R, Wu S, Agarwal SM, Logan RW, Ballon JS, Hahn MK, Freyberg Z. Roles of inflammation in intrinsic pathophysiology and antipsychotic drug-induced metabolic disturbances of schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 2021; 402:113101. [PMID: 33453341 PMCID: PMC7882027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric illness that remains poorly understood. While the bulk of symptomatology has classically been associated with disrupted brain functioning, accumulating evidence demonstrates that schizophrenia is characterized by systemic inflammation and disturbances in metabolism. Indeed, metabolic disease is a major determinant of the high mortality rate associated with schizophrenia. Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) have revolutionized management of psychosis, making it possible to rapidly control psychotic symptoms. This has ultimately reduced relapse rates of psychotic episodes and improved overall quality of life for people with schizophrenia. However, long-term APD use has also been associated with significant metabolic disturbances including weight gain, dysglycemia, and worsening of the underlying cardiometabolic disease intrinsic to schizophrenia. While the mechanisms for these intrinsic and medication-induced metabolic effects remain unclear, inflammation appears to play a key role. Here, we review the evidence for roles of inflammatory mechanisms in the disease features of schizophrenia and how these mechanisms interact with APD treatment. We also discuss the effects of common inflammatory mediators on metabolic disease. Then, we review the evidence of intrinsic and APD-mediated effects on systemic inflammation in schizophrenia. Finally, we speculate about possible treatment strategies. Developing an improved understanding of inflammatory processes in schizophrenia may therefore introduce new, more effective options for treating not only schizophrenia but also primary metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Prestwood
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Roshanak Asgariroozbehani
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sally Wu
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sri Mahavir Agarwal
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Banting and Best Diabetes Centre (BBDC), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan W Logan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Jacob S Ballon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Margaret K Hahn
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Banting and Best Diabetes Centre (BBDC), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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38
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Barrera-Conde M, Ausin K, Lachén-Montes M, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Galindo L, Cuenca-Royo A, Fernández-Avilés C, Pérez V, de la Torre R, Santamaría E, Robledo P. Cannabis Use Induces Distinctive Proteomic Alterations in Olfactory Neuroepithelial Cells of Schizophrenia Patients. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11030160. [PMID: 33668817 PMCID: PMC7996288 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A close epidemiological link has been reported between cannabis use and schizophrenia (SCZ). However, biochemical markers in living humans related to the impact of cannabis in this disease are still missing. Olfactory neuroepithelium (ON) cells express neural features and offer a unique advantage to study biomarkers of psychiatric diseases. The aim of our study was to find exclusively deregulated proteins in ON cells of SCZ patients with and without a history of cannabis use. Thus, we compared the proteomic profiles of SCZ non-cannabis users (SCZ/nc) and SCZ cannabis users (SCZ/c) with control subjects non-cannabis users (C/nc) and control cannabis users (C/c). The results revealed that the main cascades affected in SCZ/nc were cell cycle, DNA replication, signal transduction and protein localization. Conversely, cannabis use in SCZ patients induced specific alterations in metabolism of RNA and metabolism of proteins. The levels of targeted proteins in each population were then correlated with cognitive performance and clinical scores. In SCZ/c, the expression levels of 2 proteins involved in the metabolism of RNA (MTREX and ZNF326) correlated with several cognitive markers and clinical signs. Moreover, use duration of cannabis negatively correlated with ZNF326 expression. These findings indicate that RNA-related proteins might be relevant to understand the influence of cannabis use on SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Barrera-Conde
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.-C.); (A.C.-R.); (R.d.l.T.)
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Karina Ausin
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdisNA, Proteored-ISCIII, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (K.A.); (M.L.-M.); (J.F.-I.); (E.S.)
| | - Mercedes Lachén-Montes
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdisNA, Proteored-ISCIII, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (K.A.); (M.L.-M.); (J.F.-I.); (E.S.)
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdisNA, Proteored-ISCIII, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (K.A.); (M.L.-M.); (J.F.-I.); (E.S.)
| | - Liliana Galindo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK;
- Neuropsychiatry and Addictions Institute (INAD) of Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona and CIBER de Salud Mental, Spain;
| | - Aida Cuenca-Royo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.-C.); (A.C.-R.); (R.d.l.T.)
| | | | - Víctor Pérez
- Neuropsychiatry and Addictions Institute (INAD) of Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona and CIBER de Salud Mental, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.-C.); (A.C.-R.); (R.d.l.T.)
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdisNA, Proteored-ISCIII, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (K.A.); (M.L.-M.); (J.F.-I.); (E.S.)
| | - Patricia Robledo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.-C.); (A.C.-R.); (R.d.l.T.)
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-316-0455
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Hidese S, Hattori K, Sasayama D, Tsumagari T, Miyakawa T, Matsumura R, Yokota Y, Ishida I, Matsuo J, Yoshida S, Ota M, Kunugi H. Cerebrospinal Fluid Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in Patients With Major Psychiatric Disorders: A Multiplex Immunoassay Study. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:594394. [PMID: 33708113 PMCID: PMC7941212 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.594394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Accumulating evidence suggests that neural inflammation plays an important role in psychiatric disorders. We aimed to identify inflammatory cytokines involved in the pathophysiology of such disorders by quantifying them in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from a large sample of patients with major psychiatric disorders and healthy controls. Methods: The subjects included 94 patients with schizophrenia, 68 with bipolar disorder, 104 with major depressive disorder, and 118 healthy controls, matched for age, sex, and ethnicity (Japanese). Lumbar puncture was performed to collect these CSF samples. A multiplex immunoassay was then performed to measure CSF cytokine levels using magnetic on-bead antibody conjugation for 19 inflammatory cytokines. Results: CSF interferon-β level was significantly higher in total psychiatric patients than in healthy controls (corrected p = 0.000029). In diagnostic group comparisons, CSF interferon-β level was significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder (corrected p = 0.000047 or 0.0034) than in healthy controls. Conclusion: We present novel evidence that CSF IFN-β level showed prominent statistical differences between psychiatric groups and healthy controls. This suggests IFN-β as the most important player among the 19 cytokines tested here in the inflammation-related pathophysiology of major psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Hidese
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daimei Sasayama
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Tsumagari
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Miyakawa
- Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Matsumura
- Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuuki Yokota
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikki Ishida
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Matsuo
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumiko Yoshida
- Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Ota
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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40
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Ermakov EA, Dmitrieva EM, Parshukova DA, Kazantseva DV, Vasilieva AR, Smirnova LP. Oxidative Stress-Related Mechanisms in Schizophrenia Pathogenesis and New Treatment Perspectives. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8881770. [PMID: 33552387 PMCID: PMC7847339 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8881770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is recognized to be a highly heterogeneous disease at various levels, from genetics to clinical manifestations and treatment sensitivity. This heterogeneity is also reflected in the variety of oxidative stress-related mechanisms contributing to the phenotypic realization and manifestation of schizophrenia. At the molecular level, these mechanisms are supposed to include genetic causes that increase the susceptibility of individuals to oxidative stress and lead to gene expression dysregulation caused by abnormal regulation of redox-sensitive transcriptional factors, noncoding RNAs, and epigenetic mechanisms favored by environmental insults. These changes form the basis of the prooxidant state and lead to altered redox signaling related to glutathione deficiency and impaired expression and function of redox-sensitive transcriptional factors (Nrf2, NF-κB, FoxO, etc.). At the cellular level, these changes lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities that contribute to aberrant neuronal development, abnormal myelination, neurotransmitter anomalies, and dysfunction of parvalbumin-positive interneurons. Immune dysfunction also contributes to redox imbalance. At the whole-organism level, all these mechanisms ultimately contribute to the manifestation and development of schizophrenia. In this review, we consider oxidative stress-related mechanisms and new treatment perspectives associated with the correction of redox imbalance in schizophrenia. We suggest that not only antioxidants but also redox-regulated transcription factor-targeting drugs (including Nrf2 and FoxO activators or NF-κB inhibitors) have great promise in schizophrenia. But it is necessary to develop the stratification criteria of schizophrenia patients based on oxidative stress-related markers for the administration of redox-correcting treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A. Ermakov
- Laboratory of Repair Enzymes, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elena M. Dmitrieva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634014, Russia
| | - Daria A. Parshukova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634014, Russia
| | | | | | - Liudmila P. Smirnova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634014, Russia
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41
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Gibson CL, Nia AB, Spriggs SA, DeFrancisco D, Swift A, Perkel C, Zhong X, Mazumdar M, Fernandez N, Patel M, Kim-Schulze S, Hurd YL. Cannabinoid use in psychotic patients impacts inflammatory levels and their association with psychosis severity. Psychiatry Res 2020; 293:113380. [PMID: 32818918 PMCID: PMC8292796 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory abnormalities are well-documented in individuals with chronic psychotic disorders. Particular attention has focused on interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its correlation with psychotic symptom severity. Cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of psychosis and also has immunomodulating properties. It has been hypothesized that inflammatory disturbances are a common underlying pathology between cannabis use and psychosis. We measured inflammatory markers in individuals admitted to a psychiatric unit with acute psychosis who had toxicology positive for natural and/or synthetic cannabinoids (n = 59) compared to patients with negative cannabinoid toxicology (n = 60). Psychosis severity was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). While PANSS scores were similar between groups, cannabinoid-positive participants were more likely to receive pro re nata (PRN or as-needed) medications for agitation in the psychiatric emergency room, particularly synthetic cannabinoid-positive participants. In unadjusted models, cannabinoid-positive participants had lower interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels (p = 0.046), but this finding was not significant after adjusting for covariates and multiple comparisons. Among cannabinoid-positive participants, IL-6 levels negatively correlated with PANSS total score (p = 0.040), as well as positive (p = 0.035) and negative (p = 0.024) subscales. Results suggest inflammatory alterations among psychotic individuals with comorbid cannabinoid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L. Gibson
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Anahita Bassir Nia
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Sharron A. Spriggs
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Daniel DeFrancisco
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Amy Swift
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Charles Perkel
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhong
- Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Madhu Mazumdar
- Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Nicolas Fernandez
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Manishkumar Patel
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA,Department of Oncological Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Yasmin L. Hurd
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA,Addiction Institute at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA,Corresponding Author: Dr. Yasmin L. Hurd, 1470 Madison Avenue, Hess building for Science and Medicine, 10-105, New York, NY 10029, Phone: (212)824-9314; Fax: (646)-537-9598,
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Madireddy S, Madireddy S. Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Damage in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10100742. [PMID: 33081261 PMCID: PMC7603028 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biochemical integrity of the brain is paramount to the function of the central nervous system, and oxidative stress is a key contributor to cerebral biochemical impairment. Oxidative stress, which occurs when an imbalance arises between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the efficacy of the antioxidant defense mechanism, is believed to play a role in the pathophysiology of various brain disorders. One such disorder, schizophrenia, not only causes lifelong disability but also induces severe emotional distress; however, because of its onset in early adolescence or adulthood and its progressive development, consuming natural antioxidant products may help regulate the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Therefore, elucidating the functions of ROS and dietary antioxidants in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia could help formulate improved therapeutic strategies for its prevention and treatment. This review focuses specifically on the roles of ROS and oxidative damage in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, as well as the effects of nutrition, antipsychotic use, cognitive therapies, and quality of life on patients with schizophrenia. By improving our understanding of the effects of various nutrients on schizophrenia, it may become possible to develop nutritional strategies and supplements to treat the disorder, alleviate its symptoms, and facilitate long-term recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samskruthi Madireddy
- Independent Researcher, 1353 Tanaka Drive, San Jose, CA 95131, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-408-9214162
| | - Sahithi Madireddy
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
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Pong S, Karmacharya R, Sofman M, Bishop JR, Lizano P. The Role of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell and Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Schizophrenia. Complex Psychiatry 2020; 6:30-46. [PMID: 34883503 PMCID: PMC7673590 DOI: 10.1159/000511552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite decades of research, little clarity exists regarding pathogenic mechanisms related to schizophrenia. Investigations on the disease biology of schizophrenia have primarily focused on neuronal alterations. However, there is substantial evidence pointing to a significant role for the brain's microvasculature in mediating neuroinflammation in schizophrenia. SUMMARY Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) are a central element of the microvasculature that forms the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and shields the brain against toxins and immune cells via paracellular, transcellular, transporter, and extracellular matrix proteins. While evidence for BBB dysfunction exists in brain disorders, including schizophrenia, it is not known if BMEC themselves are functionally compromised and lead to BBB dysfunction. KEY MESSAGES Genome-wide association studies, postmortem investigations, and gene expression analyses have provided some insights into the role of the BBB in schizophrenia pathophysiology. However, there is a significant gap in our understanding of the role that BMEC play in BBB dysfunction. Recent advances differentiating human BMEC from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) provide new avenues to examine the role of BMEC in BBB dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sovannarath Pong
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rakesh Karmacharya
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marianna Sofman
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Bishop
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paulo Lizano
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggests that immunological and inflammatory dysfunctions may play an important role in predisposition, onset, and progression of schizophrenia and related psychosis. The activation of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system, especially microglia and monocytes, has been reported in schizophrenia. We carried out this systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate if there are significant differences in monocyte count comparing healthy controls with people suffering from schizophrenia and related disorders. METHODS We searched main electronic databases; nine records met all our criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analyses based on random effects models have been carried out generating pooled standardised mean differences (SMDs) of monocyte count in peripheral blood between schizophrenia and related psychosis and healthy controls. Heterogeneity was estimated. Relevant sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted. RESULTS Patients showed higher monocyte count as compared with healthy control (SMD = 0.393; p = 0.001). Heterogeneity across studies was from moderate to high (I2 = 65.952%); sensitivity analysis leaving out two studies responsible for most of the heterogeneity showed a slightly higher SMD. Subgroup analyses confirmed this result, showing no significant differences in the effect size across different study characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Monocyte count can be considered an indirect marker of microglia activation in the central nervous system. Thus, the observed higher monocyte count in patients could be considered as a possible peripheral marker of microglia's activation in schizophrenia disorder.
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Repeated administration of LPS exaggerates amphetamine-induced locomotor response and causes learning deficits in mice. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 349:577401. [PMID: 33002724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immune activation contributes to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Administration of a single dose of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) has been shown to induce depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in rodents through activation of the kynurenine pathway, increasing levels of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist quinolinic acid. Conversely, repeated administration of LPS produces increased levels of the NMDA receptor antagonist kynurenic acid. Here we show that repeated LPS administration increases sensitivity to D-amphetamine and produces cognitive deficits and anxiety-like behavior. Together, our behavioral data suggests that repeated LPS administration may be useful to study the contribution of inflammation to psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia.
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Edinoff A, Ruoff MT, Ghaffar YT, Rezayev A, Jani D, Kaye AM, Cornett EM, Kaye AD, Viswanath O, Urits I. Cariprazine to Treat Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder in Adults. PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN 2020; 50:83-117. [PMID: 33012874 PMCID: PMC7511151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Antipsychotics are the standard of care when it comes to the treatment of Schizophrenia, and they are often used in Bipolar as well. Their use can come with adverse effects such as extrapyramidal movements, metabolic complications as well as cardiovascular complications such as a prolonged QT interval. Treatment for these side effects ranges from the treatment of the complications up to the cessation of the medication, which could come at the expense of the user's stability. Both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have an increased risk of suicide and increased morbidity. The purpose of this review presents the background, evidence, and indications for the use of the new second-generation antipsychotic Cariprazine, which has a primary function as a D3 and D2 partial agonist, with higher selectivity for the D3 receptor type. Recent Findings Schizophrenia is currently teated by dopamine antagonists and/or 5HT modulators, each with their own set of side effects. Bipolar disorder is mostly treated with mood stabilizers. Studies looking at the efficacy and safety of cariprazine have shown in two phase II trials and phase III trials the decrease in PANSS scores in schizophrenia. The most common adverse effects were akathisia, insomnia, constipation, and other extrapyramidal side effects. A unique side effect of Cariprazine caused bilateral cataract and cystic degeneration of the retina in the dog following daily oral administration for 13 weeks and/or 1 year and retinal degeneration in rats following daily oral administration for 2 years. Another study showed that cariprazine had significant efficacy in preventing relapse in patients with schizophrenia. The time to the loss of sustained remission was significantly longer (P = .0020) for cariprazine compared to placebo (hazard ratio = 0.51) during the double-blind treatment. 60.5% of patients treated with cariprazine and 34.9% of patients treated with placebo sustained remission through the final visit (odds ratio [OR] = 2.85; P = .0012; number needed to treat [NNT] = 4. Another Phase IIIb study looked at negative symptoms and used the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Factor Score for Negative Symptoms (PANSS-FSNS), and it found that the use of cariprazine, from baseline to week 26, led to a greater least-squares mean change in PANSS-FSNS than did risperidone. Another study looked at the quality of life years with the treatment of cariprazine and showed those treated with cariprazine had superior quality of life compared to those treated with risperidone. In terms of bipolar disorder, it showed a decrease in depressive symptoms as measured by decreased MADRs scores with a dose of 3.0mg/day. A phase II study looked at the use of cariprazine in mania or mix states and showed cariprazine significantly decreased YMRS scores compared to placebo, least-square mean difference of -6.1 (p < 0.001). The metabolic parameters demonstrated comparable changes except for fasting glucose in which cariprazine was associated with elevations in glucose levels compared to placebo (p < 0.05). Another phase III study showed significant differences in YMRS total score mean change between cariprazine versus placebo-treated group. Changes in metabolic profiles in all mentioned studies were minimal. Summary Cariprazine, in recent studies, has shown some promise in being able to treat both bipolar disorder in manic, depressed, and mixed states as well as schizophrenia. Side effects noted as adverse events in these studies are similar in profile to the medications that were developed in the past. With better relapse prevention, cariprazine could be a reasonable alternative clozapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Edinoff
- Edinoff, MD, Jani, MD, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport, Department of Psychiatry, and Behavioral Medicine. Ruoff, BA, Ghaffar, BS, Rezayev, BS, Louisiana State University Shreveport School of Medicine. Kaye, Pharm D, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Stockton, CA. Cornett, PhD, Kaye, MD, PhD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA. Viswanath, MD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, Creighton University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Omaha, NE, Valley Anesthesiology and Pain Consultants - Envision Physician Services, Phoenix, AZ. Urits, MD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Miriam T Ruoff
- Edinoff, MD, Jani, MD, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport, Department of Psychiatry, and Behavioral Medicine. Ruoff, BA, Ghaffar, BS, Rezayev, BS, Louisiana State University Shreveport School of Medicine. Kaye, Pharm D, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Stockton, CA. Cornett, PhD, Kaye, MD, PhD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA. Viswanath, MD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, Creighton University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Omaha, NE, Valley Anesthesiology and Pain Consultants - Envision Physician Services, Phoenix, AZ. Urits, MD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yahya T Ghaffar
- Edinoff, MD, Jani, MD, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport, Department of Psychiatry, and Behavioral Medicine. Ruoff, BA, Ghaffar, BS, Rezayev, BS, Louisiana State University Shreveport School of Medicine. Kaye, Pharm D, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Stockton, CA. Cornett, PhD, Kaye, MD, PhD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA. Viswanath, MD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, Creighton University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Omaha, NE, Valley Anesthesiology and Pain Consultants - Envision Physician Services, Phoenix, AZ. Urits, MD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Arthur Rezayev
- Edinoff, MD, Jani, MD, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport, Department of Psychiatry, and Behavioral Medicine. Ruoff, BA, Ghaffar, BS, Rezayev, BS, Louisiana State University Shreveport School of Medicine. Kaye, Pharm D, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Stockton, CA. Cornett, PhD, Kaye, MD, PhD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA. Viswanath, MD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, Creighton University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Omaha, NE, Valley Anesthesiology and Pain Consultants - Envision Physician Services, Phoenix, AZ. Urits, MD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Devanshi Jani
- Edinoff, MD, Jani, MD, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport, Department of Psychiatry, and Behavioral Medicine. Ruoff, BA, Ghaffar, BS, Rezayev, BS, Louisiana State University Shreveport School of Medicine. Kaye, Pharm D, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Stockton, CA. Cornett, PhD, Kaye, MD, PhD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA. Viswanath, MD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, Creighton University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Omaha, NE, Valley Anesthesiology and Pain Consultants - Envision Physician Services, Phoenix, AZ. Urits, MD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Adam M Kaye
- Edinoff, MD, Jani, MD, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport, Department of Psychiatry, and Behavioral Medicine. Ruoff, BA, Ghaffar, BS, Rezayev, BS, Louisiana State University Shreveport School of Medicine. Kaye, Pharm D, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Stockton, CA. Cornett, PhD, Kaye, MD, PhD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA. Viswanath, MD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, Creighton University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Omaha, NE, Valley Anesthesiology and Pain Consultants - Envision Physician Services, Phoenix, AZ. Urits, MD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elyse M Cornett
- Edinoff, MD, Jani, MD, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport, Department of Psychiatry, and Behavioral Medicine. Ruoff, BA, Ghaffar, BS, Rezayev, BS, Louisiana State University Shreveport School of Medicine. Kaye, Pharm D, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Stockton, CA. Cornett, PhD, Kaye, MD, PhD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA. Viswanath, MD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, Creighton University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Omaha, NE, Valley Anesthesiology and Pain Consultants - Envision Physician Services, Phoenix, AZ. Urits, MD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Edinoff, MD, Jani, MD, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport, Department of Psychiatry, and Behavioral Medicine. Ruoff, BA, Ghaffar, BS, Rezayev, BS, Louisiana State University Shreveport School of Medicine. Kaye, Pharm D, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Stockton, CA. Cornett, PhD, Kaye, MD, PhD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA. Viswanath, MD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, Creighton University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Omaha, NE, Valley Anesthesiology and Pain Consultants - Envision Physician Services, Phoenix, AZ. Urits, MD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Omar Viswanath
- Edinoff, MD, Jani, MD, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport, Department of Psychiatry, and Behavioral Medicine. Ruoff, BA, Ghaffar, BS, Rezayev, BS, Louisiana State University Shreveport School of Medicine. Kaye, Pharm D, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Stockton, CA. Cornett, PhD, Kaye, MD, PhD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA. Viswanath, MD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, Creighton University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Omaha, NE, Valley Anesthesiology and Pain Consultants - Envision Physician Services, Phoenix, AZ. Urits, MD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ivan Urits
- Edinoff, MD, Jani, MD, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport, Department of Psychiatry, and Behavioral Medicine. Ruoff, BA, Ghaffar, BS, Rezayev, BS, Louisiana State University Shreveport School of Medicine. Kaye, Pharm D, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Stockton, CA. Cornett, PhD, Kaye, MD, PhD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA. Viswanath, MD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, Creighton University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Omaha, NE, Valley Anesthesiology and Pain Consultants - Envision Physician Services, Phoenix, AZ. Urits, MD, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Fahey L, Donohoe G, Broin PÓ, Morris DW. Genes regulated by BCL11B during T-cell development are enriched for de novo mutations found in schizophrenia patients. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2020; 183:370-379. [PMID: 32729240 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
While abnormal neurodevelopment contributes to schizophrenia (SCZ) risk, there is also evidence to support a role for immune dysfunction in SCZ. BCL11B, associated with SCZ in genome-wide association study (GWAS), is a transcription factor that regulates the differentiation and development of cells in the central nervous and immune systems. Here, we use functional genomics data from studies of BCL11B to investigate the contribution of neuronal and immune processes to SCZ pathophysiology. We identified the gene targets of BCL11B in brain striatal cells (n = 223 genes), double negative 4 (DN4) developing T cells (n = 114 genes) and double positive (DP) developing T cells (n = 518 genes) using an integrated analysis of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data. No gene-set was enriched for genes containing common variants associated with SCZ but the DP gene-set was enriched for genes containing missense de novo mutations (DNMs; p = .001) using data from 3,447 SCZ trios. Post hoc analysis revealed the enrichment to be stronger for DP genes negatively regulated by BCL11B. Biological processes enriched for genes negatively regulated by BCL11B in DP gene-set included immune system development and cytokine signaling. These analyses, leveraging a GWAS-identified SCZ risk gene and data on gene expression and transcription factor binding, indicate that DNMs in immune pathways contribute to SCZ risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fahey
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Pilib Ó Broin
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Derek W Morris
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Langova V, Vales K, Horka P, Horacek J. The Role of Zebrafish and Laboratory Rodents in Schizophrenia Research. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:703. [PMID: 33101067 PMCID: PMC7500259 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe disorder characterized by positive, negative and cognitive symptoms, which are still not fully understood. The development of efficient antipsychotics requires animal models of a strong validity, therefore the aims of the article were to summarize the construct, face and predictive validity of schizophrenia models based on rodents and zebrafish, to compare the advantages and disadvantages of these models, and to propose future directions in schizophrenia modeling and indicate when it is reasonable to combine these models. The advantages of rodent models stem primarily from the high homology between rodent and human physiology, neurochemistry, brain morphology and circuitry. The advantages of zebrafish models stem in the high fecundity, fast development and transparency of the embryo. Disadvantages of both models originate in behavioral repertoires not allowing specific symptoms to be modeled, even when the models are combined. Especially modeling the verbal component of certain positive, negative and cognitive symptoms is currently impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Langova
- Translational Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Karel Vales
- Translational Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Horka
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiri Horacek
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Brain Electrophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
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Holland JF, Khandaker GM, Dauvermann MR, Morris D, Zammit S, Donohoe G. Effects of early life adversity on immune function and cognitive performance: results from the ALSPAC cohort. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55:723-733. [PMID: 31897578 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-019-01813-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life adversity (ELA) is a significant risk factor for mental health disorders. One hypothesised mechanism by which this occurs is via an effect on immune response. In this analysis of epidemiological data, we tested whether ELA was associated with cognitive performance, and if so, whether these effects were influenced by immune function. METHODS We investigated the longitudinal relationship between ELA, inflammatory markers, and cognition in data from Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents And Children (ALSPAC; n ~ 5000). ELA was defined in terms of physical/emotional abuse, harsh parenting, or domestic violence before 5 years. Social cognition was measured in terms of theory of mind, and general cognitive ability was measured using IQ. Inflammatory markers included serum C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels. RESULTS A significant association was observed between IQ and harsh parenting, whereby children who were physically disciplined had lower IQ scores (accounting for relevant social factors). Both immune markers were associated with variation in cognition, however, neither accounted for the effects of ELA on cognition. DISCUSSION This study highlights the impact of ELA on cognition. In the absence of evidence that these effects are explained by inflammation, other mechanisms by which the effects of ELA are mediated are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F Holland
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, The Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Golam M Khandaker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Herschel Smith Building for Brain & Mind Sciences, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria R Dauvermann
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, The Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Derek Morris
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, The Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Stanley Zammit
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, The Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Mazza MG, Lucchi S, Rossetti A, Clerici M. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio in non-affective psychosis: A meta-analysis and systematic review. World J Biol Psychiatry 2020; 21:326-338. [PMID: 30806142 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2019.1583371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) are inexpensive and reproducible biomarkers of inflammation. This is the first meta-analysis exploring the role of NLR, MLR and PLR in non-affective psychosis.Methods: Eight studies have been identified from the main electronic databases. Meta-analyses based on random-effects models have been carried out generating pooled standardised mean differences (SMDs) between non-affective psychotic patients and healthy controls (HCs).Results: Subjects with non-affective psychosis had a significant higher NLR and MLR as compared with HC (respectively SMD = 0.715; P < 0.001; I2=57.565% and SMD = 0.417; P = 0.001; I2=65.754%), confirmed by heterogeneity-based sensitivity analysis. Subgroup analyses showed no differences in effect size across different study characteristics, including drug treatment status, diagnosis, and setting. Meta-regression showed that age influenced the relationship between non-affective psychosis and MLR. A trend of significance, not confirmed by heterogeneity-based sensitivity analysis, was observed in PLR with patients showing higher PLR than HC.Conclusions: Our meta-analysis supports the hypothesis that an inflammatory activation occurs in non-affective psychosis and inflammatory ratios, especially NLR and MLR, may be useful to detect this activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gennaro Mazza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Sara Lucchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Aurora Rossetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Massimo Clerici
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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