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Tovmasyan A, Monk RL, Heim D. Towards an affect intensity regulation hypothesis: Systematic review and meta-analyses of the relationship between affective states and alcohol consumption. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262670. [PMID: 35100278 PMCID: PMC8803173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
While self-medication and positive and negative reinforcement models of alcohol use suggest that there is an association between daily affect and alcohol consumption, findings within the academic literature have been inconsistent. This pre-registered systematic review meta-analytically interrogated the results from studies amongst non-clinical populations that examine the relationship between daily affective states and alcohol consumption volume. PRISMA guided searches of PsychINFO, PsycARTICLES, Science Direct, PubMed, SCOPUS, and JSTOR databases were conducted. When both laboratory and field studies were included, meta-analyses with robust variance estimation yielded 53 eligible studies on negative affect (8355 participants, 127 effect sizes) and 35 studies for positive affect (6384 participants, 50 effect sizes). The significant pooled associations between intra-day affect and alcohol consumption were r = .09, [.03, .14] for negative affect, and r = .17, [.04, .30] for positive affect. A small-to-medium sized effect (d = .275, [.11, .44]) of negative affect on daily alcohol consumption volume was found in laboratory studies (14 studies, 1100 participants). While publication bias was suspected, P-curve analyses suggested that the results were unlikely to be the product of publication bias and p-hacking alone, and selection model analysis revealed no significant differences in results when publication bias was accounted for. For negative affect, using number of drinks as the measure of alcohol consumption was associated with lower effect sizes. For positive affect, the results demonstrated a decline of this observed effect over time. Overall, findings point towards the possibility of developing an affect intensity regulation theory of alcohol use. Conceptualizing the mood-alcohol nexus in terms of affect intensity regulation may afford a more parsimonious explanation of alcohol consumption rather than viewing the behavior as being shaped by either positive or negative affective states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tovmasyan
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L. Monk
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Heim
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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2
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Lim HJ, Moon E, Suh H, Yang SK, Park JM, Lee BD, Lee YM, Jeong HJ, Kim SY, Lee KY, Yoon M. Psychometric Properties of Behavioral Checklist for Coping with Stress in Patients with Mood Disorders. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:147-156. [PMID: 33601872 PMCID: PMC7960753 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Even though the importance of stress-coping, there is no reliable and valid scale to measure the stress-coping behavior yet. The purpose of this study is to explore the psychometric properties of Behavioral Checklist for Coping with Stress (BCCS). METHODS A total of 458 subjects including healthy subjects and patients with bipolar or depressive disorders were analyzed. The reliability and validity of BCCS were examined by Chronbach's alpha and exploratory factor analysis using Principal Component Analysis. In order to evaluate criterion-related validity, the Pearson's correlation analyses between factors of BCCS and relevant scales were performed. RESULTS BCCS showed good Chronobach's alpha (0.695-0.833) and had acceptable validity. Factor 1 and factor 4 of BCCS were negatively correlated with depression, anxiety and positivity correlated with task and problem-solving, avoidance, tension-releasing copings in common. Factor 2 and 3 were positively correlated with impulsivity, emotionality, avoidance, behavioral and verbal aggression and tension-releasing copings in common. Different from factor 2, factor 3 was positively correlated with depression, anxiety and anger-suppression. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that this BCCS might be a reliable and valid scale for measuring stress-coping behaviors. This scale could facilitate research to investigate clinical implications related to behavioral stress-coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Lim
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwagyu Suh
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Kyeong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Dae Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Yoon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yoon
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Pukyung National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Shao M, Gu J, Wu J. To drink or not to drink; that is the question! Antecedents and consequences of employee business drinking. ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10490-020-09731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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4
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Anderson AR, Fowers BJ. Lifestyle behaviors, psychological distress, and well-being: A daily diary study. Soc Sci Med 2020; 263:113263. [PMID: 32805573 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Many lifestyle behaviors such as diet, exercise, social interaction, and substance use are related to physical and mental health. Less understood are the day-to-day associations of these behaviors with both psychological distress, well-being, and with each other. OBJECTIVE This study investigated how a number of common lifestyle behaviors were associated with psychological distress and well-being using a daily diary study with multilevel modeling. Associations among behaviors were analyzed with multilevel mediation and network models. METHODS An online participant pool consisting of seventy-six adults (age range: 19-64; mean age: 40.29; 58% female) completed daily diary surveys over 14 days and reported their engagement in lifestyle behaviors, psychological distress, hedonic well-being, and eudaimonic well-being. RESULTS Time spent in social interaction was the most consistent within-person correlate of psychological distress and well-being. The association between daily time in nature and well-being was mediated by social interaction and exercise. Network models found within-person associations among the lifestyle behaviors. CONCLUSION The results indicate that social interaction may be an especially important lifestyle behavior to consider when promoting well-being. Future research should recognize that daily fluctuations in many lifestyle behaviors cluster together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austen R Anderson
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA; Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA; Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
| | - Blaine J Fowers
- Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
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5
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Question your teaspoons: tea-drinking, coping and commercialisation across three planning organisations. JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL ETHNOGRAPHY 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/joe-10-2019-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeAs part of a wider ethnographic project that examines the significance of the public interest across three public and private sector UK planning organisations, this paper uses tea-drinking as a lens to understand structural forces around outsourcing and commercialisation. Reflecting across the five case studies, the analysis supports Burawoy's (2017) recent critique of Desmond's Relational Ethnography (2014). Using Perec's (1997[1973]) notion of the “infra-ordinary” as an anchor, it highlights the insight that arises from an intimate focus on mundane rituals and artefacts.Design/methodology/approachThe data were gathered through participant observation, chronicling the researchers' encounters with tea in each of the sites. A respondent-led photography exercise was successful at two sites. Up to 40 days of ethnographic fieldwork were carried out in each site.FindingsThe tea-drinking narratives, while providing an intact description of discrete case study sites, exist in conversation with each other, providing an opportunity for comparison that informs the analysis and helping us to understand the meaning-making process of the planners both in and across these contexts.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to critical planning literature (Murphy and Fox-Rogers, 2015; Raco et al., 2016), illuminating structural forces around outsourcing and commercialisation. It also generates methodological reflection on using an everyday activity to probe organisational culture and promote critical reflection on “weighty” issues across study sites.
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Hinton T, Jelinek HF, Viengkhou V, Johnston GA, Matthews S. Effect of GABA-Fortified Oolong Tea on Reducing Stress in a University Student Cohort. Front Nutr 2019; 6:27. [PMID: 30972340 PMCID: PMC6443991 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
GABA-containing tea has gained popularity as an accessible intervention to reduce the impact of chronic stress-induced autonomic imbalance and increased risk for cardiovascular disease despite a lack of evidence concerning the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content in a cup of the tea and its effects on physiological and psychological stress as measures of cognitive function. We aimed to measure the effects of GABA-fortified tea consumption on heart rate variability (HRV) and stress in 30 participants using a pre-post cohort study design. Ten minute lead II ECG recordings were analyzed with Kubios software. Frequency domain parameters including total power, high and low frequency power, along with heart rate, were determined. A control group that consumed a non-fortified tea was included in the research. Statistical analysis was by two-way ANOVA for two-group comparison with time as an interaction and a significance level of p < 0.05. Oolong tea consumption led to a significant decrease in the immediate stress score and a significant improvement in HRV. We conclude that autonomic imbalance and HRV in people with acute stress is significantly reduced following a cup of GABA fortified oolong tea and highlights the complex interaction between autonomic nervous system function and mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Hinton
- Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Herbert F. Jelinek
- Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Vincent Viengkhou
- Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Graham A. Johnston
- Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Slade Matthews
- Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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7
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Skead NK, Rogers SL, Doraisamy J. Looking beyond the mirror: Psychological distress; disordered eating, weight and shape concerns; and maladaptive eating habits in lawyers and law students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2018; 61:90-102. [PMID: 30219481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Research indicates that, in comparison to professionals and University students in other disciplines, lawyers and law students may be at greater risk of experiencing high levels of psychological distress. There is also a large body of literature supporting an association between stress, anxiety and depression and unhealthy eating. This article reports on the results of a study of Australian legal professionals and law students that evidence a positive association between psychological distress; disordered eating, weight and shape concerns; and maladaptive eating habits in lawyers and law students. Additionally, this study confirms a positive link between frequency of exercise and subjective physical well-being, that in turn is associated with enhanced emotional well-being. Based on the results of this study, we suggest simple yet effective strategies law firms and law schools might adopt to support the mental health of their staff and students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie K Skead
- School of Law, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | - Shane L Rogers
- School of Psychology and Social Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia.
| | - Jerome Doraisamy
- School of Law, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
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8
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Independent and relative effects of stress, depressive symptoms, and affect on college students' daily health behaviors. J Behav Med 2018; 41:863-874. [PMID: 29926314 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-018-9945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stress and depressive symptoms are associated with maladaptive health behavior practices such as unhealthy eating, sedentary behavior, insufficient sleep, and substance use. The relative and interactive effects of stress and depressive symptoms on health behavior practices are less well understood. The present study examined these processes in a daily diary study of 127 college students. Results from hierarchical generalized linear models indicated that depressive symptoms, and chronic and daily stress, but not acute stressful life events, were significantly associated with a composite score of daily maladaptive health behavior engagement (depressive symptoms b = .01, SE= .00, p < .01; chronic stress, b = .03, SE= .01, p < .01; daily stress, b = .01, SE= .01, p = .02); unexpectedly, the effect of stress on health behaviors was not moderated by depressive symptoms. Additionally, results demonstrated that the effect of depressive symptoms on health behaviors was mediated by fluctuations in daily negative affect. These results bear implications for intervention during a crucial period in the development of mental and physical health.
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9
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Joyce KM, Hudson A, O'Connor R, Thompson K, Hodgin M, Perrot T, Stewart SH. Changes in coping and social motives for drinking and alcohol consumption across the menstrual cycle. Depress Anxiety 2018; 35:313-320. [PMID: 29244908 DOI: 10.1002/da.22699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use has been reported to fluctuate over women's menstrual cycles (MCs), with increased intake occurring premenstrually/menstrually (phases characterized by heightened negative affect) and during the ovulatory phase (a phase characterized by positive affect). This suggests women may drink for particular emotion-focused reasons at specific points in their cycles. However, no research had yet examined MC variability in drinking motives, or links between cycle-related changes in drinking motives and alcohol consumption. METHODS Ninety-four normally cycling women (Mage = 22.9 years old, SDage = 4.7) completed daily diary measures (via Smartphone surveys), with questions pertaining to state drinking motives and quantity of alcohol consumed for the course of a full MC. RESULTS Drinking motives differed by cycle phase. Women reported a slight increase in drinking to self-medicate for negative affect premenstrually, with drinking to cope peaking in the menstrual phase and declining mid-cycle. Women reported a slight increasing trend across the cycle in social motives for drinking, while enhancement motives remained relatively stable across the cycle. Cycle-related changes in drinking motives predicted increases in the quantity of alcohol consumed. Drinking to cope with negative affect predicted a greater number of drinks menstrually (days 1-5). While social motives predicted a greater number of drinks during the follicular and ovulatory phases (days 5-16), enhancement motives were unrelated to drinking quantity across cycle phase. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should be attentive to cycle phase when treating reproductive-aged women with alcohol disorders (e.g., encouraging the use of healthier means of coping with negative affect during menses).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla M Joyce
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Amanda Hudson
- Department of Psychology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Roisin O'Connor
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Megan Hodgin
- School of Occupational Therapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tara Perrot
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sherry H Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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10
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VanderVeen JD, Plawecki MH, Millward JB, Hays J, Kareken DA, O'Connor S, Cyders MA. Negative urgency, mood induction, and alcohol seeking behaviors. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 165:151-8. [PMID: 27291583 PMCID: PMC5045899 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative urgency, defined as impulsive risk-taking during extreme negative emotional states, is the most important impulsivity-related trait for alcohol-related problems and alcohol dependence. However, how negative urgency imparts risk for alcohol-related problems is not yet well understood. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to examine how negative urgency relates to separable aspects of the emotional experience and alcohol-seeking behaviors. METHODS A total of 34 (19 women) community-dwelling, alcohol-using adults aged 21-32 (mean age=24.86, SD=3.40, 74.3% Caucasian) completed two counterbalanced intravenous alcohol self-administration sessions: one during a neutral mood condition and one during a negative mood condition. RESULTS Negative urgency was associated with 1) greater mood change following negative mood induction (F=4.38, df=15, p=0.002, η2=0.87), but was unrelated to changes in craving or cortisol release in response to mood induction; 2) greater alcohol craving prior to and after an alcohol prime (F=3.27, p=0.02, η2=0.86), but only in the negative and not the neutral mood condition; and 3) higher peak BrAC (F=2.13, df=42, p=0.02, η2=0.48), continuing to increase intoxication level over a longer period (F=3.77, df=42, p<0.001, η2=0.62), and more alcohol seeking (F=21.73, df=22, p<0.001, η2=0.94) throughout the negative session. Negative urgency was associated with overall lower cortisol release. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the importance of assessing behavioral indicators of negative urgency under mood condition, and suggest that negative urgency may amplify alcohol self-administration through increased negative emotional reactivity to mood events and increased alcohol craving after initial alcohol exposure, leading to maintenance of alcohol related behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Davis VanderVeen
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Department of Psychology, 402 N Blackford St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Martin H Plawecki
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 355 W 16th St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - James B Millward
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 355 W 16th St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - James Hays
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 355 W 16th St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - David A Kareken
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 355 W 16th St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 355 W 16th St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sean O'Connor
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 355 W 16th St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; R.L. Roudebush VAMC, Indianapolis, 1481 West 10th St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Melissa A Cyders
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Department of Psychology, 402 N Blackford St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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Einöther SJL, Rowson M, Ramaekers JG, Giesbrecht T. Infusing pleasure: Mood effects of the consumption of a single cup of tea. Appetite 2016; 103:302-308. [PMID: 27059832 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tea has historically been associated with mood benefits. Nevertheless, few studies have empirically investigated mood changes after tea consumption. We explored immediate effects of a single cup of tea up to an hour post-consumption on self-reported valence, arousal, discrete emotions, and implicit measures of mood. In a parallel group design, 153 participants received a cup of tea or placebo tea, or a glass of water. Immediately (i.e. 5 min) after consumption, tea increased valence but reduced arousal, as compared to the placebo. There were no differences at later time points. Discrete emotions did not differ significantly between conditions, immediately or over time. Water consumption increased implicit positivity as compared to placebo. Finally, consumption of tea and water resulted in higher interest in activities overall and in specific activity types compared to placebo. The present study shows that effects of a single cup of tea may be limited to an immediate increase in pleasure and decrease in arousal, which can increase interest in activities. Differences between tea and water were not significant, while differences between water and placebo on implicit measures were unexpected. More servings over a longer time may be required to evoke tea's arousing effects and appropriate tea consumption settings may evoke more enduring valence effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne J L Einöther
- Unilever Research & Development Vlaardingen, PO Box 114, Vlaardingen, 3130 AC, The Netherlands.
| | - Matthew Rowson
- Unilever Research & Development Colworth, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedford, MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes G Ramaekers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Timo Giesbrecht
- Unilever Research & Development Vlaardingen, PO Box 114, Vlaardingen, 3130 AC, The Netherlands
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12
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Cyders MA, VanderVeen JD, Plawecki M, Millward JB, Hays J, Kareken DA, O’Connor S. Gender-Specific Effects of Mood on Alcohol-Seeking Behaviors: Preliminary Findings Using Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:393-400. [PMID: 26842258 PMCID: PMC5061122 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although negative mood has long been implicated in differences in alcohol seeking by men and women, little research has used precise, well-controlled laboratory experiments to examine how negative mood affects alcohol-seeking behaviors. METHODS A total of 34 (19 women) community-dwelling, alcohol-using adults aged 21 to 32 (mean age = 24.86, SD = 3.40, 74.3% Caucasian; Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT] = 10.1, SD = 3.4) completed 2 counterbalanced intravenous alcohol self-administration sessions: one under negative mood and one under neutral mood. Fourteen individuals (9 women; mean age = 25.00, SD = 2.77) participated in an alcohol "liking" experiment (i.e., free access [FA] drinking) and 20 individuals (10 women; mean age = 24.77, SD = 3.73) participated in an alcohol "wanting" experiment, in which gaining access to alcohol required progressively effortful work. There was no significant difference between men and women on the AUDIT, t(32) = -0.38, p = 0.71. RESULTS Priming with negative mood induction caused a significant decrease in self-reported mood (mean change = -1.85, t(32) = -6.81, p < 0.001), as intended. In FA, negative mood was associated with a significantly increased peak breath alcohol concentration (BrAC; F = 9.41, p = 0.01), with a trend toward a greater effect in men than in women (F = 2.67, p = 0.13). Negative mood also had a significant effect on peak BrAC achieved in the progressive work paradigm (F = 5.28, p = 0.04), with a significantly stronger effect in men (F = 5.35, p = 0.03) than women; men also trended toward more consistent work for alcohol across both neutral and negative sessions. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings demonstrate a gender-specific response on how mood affects alcohol seeking and suggest gender-specific interventions to prevent mood-based alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Cyders
- Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis, Department of Psychology
| | - J. Davis VanderVeen
- Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis, Department of Psychology
| | - Martin Plawecki
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
| | | | - James Hays
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
| | - David A. Kareken
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology
| | - Sean O’Connor
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
- R.L. Roudebush VAMC, Indianapolis
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13
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Gilmore AK, George WH, Jacques-Tiura AJ, Granato HF, Davis KC, Norris J, Heiman JR. Men's Intentions to Have Sex With a New Partner: Sexual and Emotional Responding, Alcohol, and Condoms. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2015; 42:165-77. [PMID: 25529527 PMCID: PMC4938155 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2014.985350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Findings regarding the relation between alcohol and intentions to have sex have been mixed, and little research has examined the role of condom availability on intentions to have sex. Sexual and emotional responding may influence subsequent sexual decisions. Thus, a better understanding of sexual and emotional responding combined with situational factors such as condom presence could help explain the discrepancies in findings regarding alcohol's effect on intentions to have sex. The effects of alcohol and condom presence on men's intentions to have sex were examined using an experimental paradigm involving an alcohol administration study and a second-person eroticized scenario. The effects of sexual and emotional responding were also examined in relation to intentions to have sex. It was found that alcohol increased positive mood, which was associated with higher intentions to have sex. In addition, condom presence was directly associated with higher intentions to have sex. More sexual desire was related to increased likelihood of sexual intentions. These findings increase understanding of mechanisms underlying the relation between alcohol and intentions to have sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Gilmore
- a Department of Psychology , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington , USA
| | - William H George
- a Department of Psychology , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington , USA
| | - Angela J Jacques-Tiura
- b Pediatric Prevention Research Center , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan , USA
| | - Hollie F Granato
- c Department of Psychology , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington , USA
| | - Kelly Cue Davis
- d School of Social Work , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington , USA
| | - Jeanette Norris
- e Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington , USA
| | - Julia R Heiman
- f The Kinsey Institute , Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana , USA
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Einöther SJ, Martens VE. Acute effects of tea consumption on attention and mood. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:1700S-1708S. [PMID: 24172303 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.058248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea has historically been associated with mood and performance benefits, such as relaxation and concentration. This review summarizes the research on the acute effects of tea, and its ingredients theanine and caffeine, on attention and mood. Consistent with abundant research on the benefits of caffeine, the performance benefits of tea were identified in a number of studies, with particularly consistent evidence for improved attention. Tea consumption also consistently improved self-reported alertness and arousal, whereas effects on pleasure or relaxation were less consistent. In addition to the research on caffeine in real-life performance, 2 recent studies have provided a broader perspective on tea's effects on psychological function in that they showed beneficial effects in related areas such as work performance and creativity. These studies showed the validity of laboratory findings by supporting the idea that tea consumption has acute benefits on both mood and performance in real-life situations.
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Harder VS, Ayer LA, Rose GL, Naylor MR, Helzer JE. Alcohol, moods and male-female differences: daily interactive voice response over 6 months. Alcohol Alcohol 2013; 49:60-5. [PMID: 23847021 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agt069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The goal of this study was to better understand the predictive relationship in both directions between negative (anger, sadness) and positive (happiness) moods and alcohol consumption using daily process data among heavy drinkers. METHODS Longitudinal daily reports of moods, alcohol use and other covariates such as level of stress were assessed over 180 days using interactive voice response telephone technology. Participants were heavy drinkers (majority meeting criteria for alcohol dependence at baseline) recruited through their primary care provider. The sample included 246 (166 men, 80 women) mostly Caucasian adults. Longitudinal statistical models were used to explore the varying associations between number of alcoholic drinks and mood scores the next day and vice versa with gender as a moderator. RESULTS Increased alcohol use significantly predicted decreased happiness the next day (P < 0.005), more strongly for females than males. Increased anger predicted higher average alcohol use the next day for males only (P < 0.005). CONCLUSION This daily process study challenges the notion that alcohol use enhances positive mood for both males and females. Our findings also suggest a strong association between anger and alcohol use that is specific to males. Thus, discussions about the effects of drinking on one's feeling of happiness may be beneficial for males and females as well as anger interventions may be especially beneficial for heavy-drinking males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S Harder
- Corresponding author: Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
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Bryan J, Tuckey M, Einöther SJ, Garczarek U, Garrick A, De Bruin EA. Relationships between tea and other beverage consumption to work performance and mood. Appetite 2012; 58:339-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Jahng S, Solhan MB, Tomko RL, Wood PK, Piasecki TM, Trull TJ. Affect and alcohol use: an ecological momentary assessment study of outpatients with borderline personality disorder. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011; 120:572-84. [PMID: 21823761 DOI: 10.1037/a0024686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use may be viewed as an attempt (albeit maladaptive) to regulate negative emotional states. We examined associations between both negative and positive affects and alcohol use in outpatient women diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD; n=74), a prototype of emotional dysregulation, as well as a psychiatric control group of women with current depressive disorder (major depressive disorder/dysthymic disorder [MDD\DYS]; n=50). Participants completed randomly prompted reports of mood and alcohol use up to six times a day over a 28-day period using electronic diaries. Mean levels of either positive or negative affects did not distinguish between drinkers and nondrinkers in either diagnostic group. However, levels of both negative and positive affects were positively associated with alcohol use at the momentary level in BPD drinkers. More robust findings were obtained with respect to within-person affective variability, which was related to alcohol use in multiple ways. BPD drinkers showed higher within-person variability for most negative affects than BPD nondrinkers; MDD\DYS drinkers in general showed less within-person variability than MDD\DYS nondrinkers for negative affects. Multilevel lagged analyses for BPD drinkers indicated that alcohol use was positively related to variability in all affects, concurrently, but fewer significant effects of affect variability on the next day's drinking or significant effects of alcohol use on the next day's affect variability were observed. Among MDD\DYS drinkers, we observed more significant associations between affect variability on next day's alcohol use and of alcohol use on next day's affect variability. We discuss theoretical and methodological issues relevant to these findings as well as implications for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Jahng
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, 106C McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Drinking and stress: an examination of sex and stressor differences using IVR-based daily data. Drug Alcohol Depend 2011; 115:205-12. [PMID: 21146940 PMCID: PMC3090709 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the relation of stress to alcohol consumption is inconsistent regarding the direction of effects, and this association has been shown to vary by sex and type of stress. We sought to build upon the stress-drinking literature by examining the direction of the stress-drinking association over time as well as sex and stressor differences using daily data. METHOD 246 heavy drinking adults (67% men) aged 21-82 reported daily stress levels and alcohol consumption over 180 days using Interactive Voice Response (IVR). Baseline daily hassles were examined as an alternative measure of stress. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were conducted to test the stress-drinking association accounting for alcohol dependency at baseline and sex and stressor type as moderators. RESULTS IVR daily stress predicted increased alcohol consumption the following day, whereas baseline level of daily hassles did not. Examining the opposite direction of effects, IVR ratings of daily alcohol consumption predicted decreased next-day stress. Stress predicted higher alcohol consumption the next day for men but there was no significant association for women. For both sexes, drinking predicted decreased stress the next day, but this effect was stronger for women. CONCLUSIONS This study generally supported the drinking to cope and self-medication hypotheses, with findings that increased stress led to increased drinking. The time-varying relation between stress and alcohol appears to be sex- and measure-specific, however. Therefore, interventions targeted at stress management found to be effective for one sex should not be presumed to be applicable to the other.
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Crowe S, Barot J, Caldow S, D’Aspromonte J, Dell’Orso J, Di Clemente A, Hanson K, Kellett M, Makhlota S, McIvor B, McKenzie L, Norman R, Thiru A, Twyerould M, Sapega S. The effect of caffeine and stress on auditory hallucinations in a non-clinical sample. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yannakoulia M, Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Tsetsekou E, Fappa E, Papageorgiou C, Stefanadis C. Eating habits in relations to anxiety symptoms among apparently healthy adults. A pattern analysis from the ATTICA Study. Appetite 2008; 51:519-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2007] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Schroder KEE, Perrine MW. Covariations of emotional states and alcohol consumption: evidence from 2 years of daily data collection. Soc Sci Med 2007; 65:2588-602. [PMID: 17761376 PMCID: PMC2777711 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We examined inter- and intra-individual covariations of mood and alcohol consumption in a sample of 171 light, medium, and heavy alcohol consumers aged 21 and over who reported daily about drinking and mood for a period of up to 2 years. The sample was recruited by advertisements in local newspapers and referral from former respondents in Northern Vermont, USA, between July 1997 and September 2000. Participants reported daily alcohol consumption and mood via interactive voice response (IVR) technology. Within-subject correlations were calculated for each individual separately and analyzed via cluster analysis. The cluster solution was subsequently used as a categorical Level-2 predictor in hierarchical linear modeling of daily alcohol consumption. Cluster analyses of the within-subject correlations revealed four clusters: (1) emotion-inhibited drinking (drinking combined with reduced emotional arousal, n=12); (2) "positive emotion drinking" (drinking in combination with positive mood, n=69); (3) "stress drinking" (drinking combined with negative mood, n=12); and (4) "non-emotional drinking" (no relationship between alcohol consumption and mood, n=78). Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses revealed that a significant amount of random variance of the Level-1 mood slopes (38% and 40%) was accounted for by the clusters, demonstrating the predictive power of cluster membership on individual drinking patterns. Although Cluster 3 members (stress drinking) did not report significantly higher levels of alcohol consumption, they were more likely to report current and lifetime dependence symptoms. The results point to the existence of stable, but diverse drinking patterns among non-clinical alcohol consumers with potentially different implications for development into alcohol abuse and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin E E Schroder
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, 2810 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, USA.
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Hussong AM. Predictors of drinking immediacy following daily sadness: an application of survival analysis to experience sampling data. Addict Behav 2007; 32:1054-65. [PMID: 16934413 PMCID: PMC3773534 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2006] [Revised: 06/27/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies of daily assessments show modest mood-drinking covariation as a function of gender and coping motives; however previous analyses also assume a fixed interval across all individuals in the onset of drinking following negative mood. The current study used survival analysis and experience sampling methods to test whether gender and coping motives predicted shorter sadness-to-drinking intervals among those with greater alcohol-related drinking consequences. A sample of 85 college students (46% male; 78% Caucasian) completed daily assessments over 28 days. Survival analyses showed that women drank more on days following elevated sadness when they reported being motivated to drink to cope and having experienced alcohol-related consequences. For men, the two groups showing greater drinking risk following days of elevated sadness did not report alcohol-related consequences, with those reporting the presence of coping motives showing the greatest risk. Implications of these findings for self-medication mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Hussong
- Department of Psychology, CB#3270 Davie Hall, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, USA.
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Abstract
Definitions of functional food vary but are essentially based on foods' ability to enhance the quality of life, or physical and mental performance, of regular consumers. The worldwide use of coffee for social engagement, leisure, enhancement of work performance and well-being is widely recognised. Depending on the quantities consumed, it can affect the intake of some minerals (K, Mg, Mn, Cr), niacin and antioxidant substances. Epidemiological and experimental studies have shown positive effects of regular coffee-drinking on various aspects of health, such as psychoactive responses (alertness, mood change), neurological (infant hyperactivity, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) and metabolic disorders (diabetes, gallstones, liver cirrhosis), and gonad and liver function. Despite this, most reviews do not mention coffee as fulfilling the criteria for a functional food. Unlike other functional foods that act on a defined population with a special effect, the wide use of coffee-drinking impacts a broad demographic (from children to the elderly), with a wide spectrum of health benefits. The present paper discusses coffee-drinking and health benefits that support the concept of coffee as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G Dórea
- Department of Nutrition, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil.
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Steptoe A, Gibson EL, Vuononvirta R, Williams ED, Hamer M, Rycroft JA, Erusalimsky JD, Wardle J. The effects of tea on psychophysiological stress responsivity and post-stress recovery: a randomised double-blind trial. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2007; 190:81-9. [PMID: 17013636 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-006-0573-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 08/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Tea has anecdotally been associated with stress relief, but this has seldom been tested scientifically. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of 6 weeks of black tea consumption, compared with matched placebo, on subjective, cardiovascular, cortisol and platelet responses to acute stress, in a parallel group double-blind randomised design. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-five healthy nonsmoking men were withdrawn from tea, coffee and caffeinated beverages for a 4-week wash-out phase during which they drank four cups per day of a caffeinated placebo. A pretreatment laboratory test session was carried out, followed by either placebo (n = 38) or active tea treatment (n = 37) for 6 weeks, then, a final test session. Cardiovascular measures were obtained before, during and after two challenging behavioural tasks, while cortisol, platelet and subjective measures were assessed before and after tasks. RESULTS The tasks induced substantial increases in blood pressure, heart rate and subjective stress ratings, but responses did not differ between tea and placebo treatments. Platelet activation (assessed using flow cytometry) was lower following tea than placebo treatment in both baseline and post-stress samples (P < 0.005). The active tea group also showed lower post-task cortisol levels compared with placebo (P = 0.032), and a relative increase in subjective relaxation during the post-task recovery period (P = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS Compared with placebo, 6 weeks of tea consumption leads to lower post-stress cortisol and greater subjective relaxation, together with reduced platelet activation. Black tea may have health benefits in part by aiding stress recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, UK.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To consider whether consumption of black tea has a positive or negative impact on health. DESIGN Databases were searched for relevant epidemiological and clinical studies published between 1990 and 2004. RESULTS Clear evidence was found for coronary heart disease (CHD), where an intake of > or = 3 cups per day related to risk reduction. The mechanism could involve the antioxidant action of tea polyphenols. While experimental models have suggested that flavonoids attenuated cancer risk, epidemiological studies failed to demonstrate a clear effect for tea, although there is moderate evidence for a slightly positive or no effect of black tea consumption on colorectal cancer. Studies on cancer were limited by sample sizes and insufficient control of confounders. There is moderate evidence suggestive of a positive effect of black tea consumption on bone mineral density although studies were few. There is little evidence to support the effect of tea on dental plaque inhibition but evidence to support the contribution of tea to fluoride intakes and thus theoretical protection against caries. There was no credible evidence that black tea (in amounts typically consumed) was harmful. Normal hydration was consistent with tea consumption when the caffeine content was < 250 mg per cup. A moderate caffeine intake from tea appeared to improve mental performance, although sample sizes were small. There was no evidence that iron status could be harmed by tea drinking unless populations were already at risk from anaemia. CONCLUSIONS There was sufficient evidence to show risk reduction for CHD at intakes of > or = 3 cups per day and for improved antioxidant status at intakes of one to six cups per day. A maximum intake of eight cups per day would minimise any risk relating to excess caffeine consumption. Black tea generally had a positive effect on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Gardner
- Nurtition Communications, Front Lebanon, Cupar, UK
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Kurihara H, Chen L, Zhu BF, He ZD, Shibata H, Kiso Y, Tanaka T, Yao XS. Anti-Stress Effect of Oolong Tea in Women Loaded with Vigil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.49.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kurihara
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University
| | - Ling Chen
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Fujian Province
| | - Bi-feng Zhu
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Fujian Province
| | - Zhao-dong He
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Fujian Province
| | | | | | | | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University
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Thiele C, Laireiter AR, Baumann U. Diaries in clinical psychology and psychotherapy: a selective review. Clin Psychol Psychother 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/cpp.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hussong AM, Hicks RE, Levy SA, Curran PJ. Specifying the relations between affect and heavy alcohol use among young adults. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2001; 110:449-61. [PMID: 11502088 DOI: 10.1037/0021-843x.110.3.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Current reformulations of the tension reduction hypothesis posit that only a subset of vulnerable individuals are at risk for drinking in response to negative affect. To further specify this model, this study examined the types of mood and social contexts under which affect and alcohol use are associated. Participants were 74 college students who completed repeated assessments of mood, alcohol use, friendship quality, and social support. A complex pattern of findings supported the moderating influences of gender, friendship factors, and the timing of behavior (i.e., weekends vs. weekdays) on the relation between affect and alcohol use. Young adults with less intimate and supportive friendships, as compared with their peers, showed risk for greater drinking following relative elevations in sadness and hostility. Such drinking episodes, in turn, predicted subsequent elevations in these same negative moods the following week. Gender differences in such a cyclical pattern of affect and alcohol use were found to vary across differing emotional experiences. Recommendations for a more refined theory of affect and alcohol use are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hussong
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-3270, USA.
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Dufresne CJ, Farnworth ER. A review of latest research findings on the health promotion properties of tea. J Nutr Biochem 2001; 12:404-421. [PMID: 11448616 DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(01)00155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Important progress has been made in the past five years concerning the effects of green and black tea on health. Experimentation with new accurate tools provide useful information about the metabolism of tea components in the body, their mode of action as antioxidants at the cellular level and their protective role in the development of cancer, cardiovascular disease and other pathologies. The use of tea components as nutraceuticals and functional foods are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J. Dufresne
- Food Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, 3600 Casavant Boulevard West, J2S 8E3, Saint Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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