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K J A, Reddy S, B L, Harish KN, N M Y, R P, S M. MoS 2_CNTs_aerogel-based PEDOT nanocomposite electrochemical sensor for simultaneous detection of chloramphenicol and furazolidone in food samples. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2024; 59:595-610. [PMID: 39287337 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2399461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Toxic intermediates in food caused by chloramphenicol (CP) and furazolidone (FZ) have gained interest in research toward their detection. Hence, fast, reliable, and accurate detection of CP and FZ in food products is of utmost importance. Here, a novel molybdenum disulfide-connected carbon nanotube aerogel/poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) [MoS2/CNTs aerogel/PEDOT] nanocomposite materials are constructed and deposited on the pretreated carbon paste electrode (PCPE) by a facile eletropolymerization method. The characterization of MoS2/CNTs aerogel/PEDOT nanocomposite was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry. The modified MoS2/CNTs aerogel/PEDOT nanocomposite has improved sensing characteristics for detecting CP and FZ in PBS solution. For this work, we have studied various parameters like electrocatalytic activity, the effect of scan rates, pH variation studies, and concentration variation studies. Under optimum conditions, the modified electrode exhibited superior sensing ability compared to the bare and pretreated CPE. This improvement in electrocatalytic activity can be the higher conductivity, larger surface area, increased heterogeneous rate constant, and presence of more active sites in the MoS2/CNTs aerogel/PEDOT nanocomposite. The modified electrode demonstrated distinct electrochemical sensing toward the individual and simultaneous analysis of CP and FZ with a high sensitivity of 0.701 µA. µM-1 .cm-2 for CP and 0.787 µA. µM-1 .cm-2 for FZ and a low detection limit of 3.74 nM for CP and 3.83 nM for FZ with good reproducibility, repeatability, and interferences. Additionally, the prepared sensor effectively detects CP and FZ in food samples (honey and milk) with an acceptable recovery range and a relative standard deviation below 4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek K J
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Science, REVA University, Bangalore, India
| | - Sathish Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Science, REVA University, Bangalore, India
| | - Lakshmi B
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Science, REVA University, Bangalore, India
| | - K N Harish
- Department of Chemistry, B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Yathish N M
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Science, REVA University, Bangalore, India
| | - Pavanashree R
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Science, REVA University, Bangalore, India
| | - Madhumitha S
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Science, REVA University, Bangalore, India
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Yun W, Wang W, Lin Y, Wang R, Ha X, Yang L, Jiang Y, Zhang X. Catalytic hairpin self-assembly amplification fluorescence detection of chloramphenicol based on cross-shaped DNA and UiO-66. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 313:124110. [PMID: 38452462 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
A catalytic hairpin self-assembly (CHA) amplification method was developed for CAP detection based on cross-shaped DNA and UiO-66. MOF was used to quench the fluorescent signal of FAM labeled DNA. Cross-shaped DNA with four fluorophore group (FAM) was utilized to enhance the fluorescent intensity. CAP could open hairpin structure of H-apt and induce CHA reaction. The product of CHA hybridized with cross-shaped DNA, resulting its leaving from the surface of UiO-66 and recovery of fluorescent signal. The limit of detection (LOD) was low to 0.87 pM. This method had been successfully applied for the detection of CAP in actual samples. Importantly, the high sensitivity was attributed to the great amplification efficiency of CHA, strong fluorescent intensity of cross-shaped DNA structure and great fluorescent quenched efficiency of UiO-66.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Wanshan Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Yiyan Lin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Xia Ha
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Li Yang
- The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Chongqing Nan'an District Ecological Environment Monitoring Station, Chongqing 401336, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, China.
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Tuts L, Rasschaert G, Heyndrickx M, Boon N, Eppinger R, Becue I. Detection of antibiotic residues in groundwater with a validated multiresidue UHPLC-MS/MS quantification method. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141455. [PMID: 38367872 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence of antibiotic residues in the environment has received considerable attention because of their potential to select for bacterial resistance. The overuse of antibiotics in human medicine and animal production results in antibiotic residues entering the aquatic environment, but concentrations are currently not well determined. This study investigates the occurrence of antibiotics in groundwater in areas strongly related to agriculture and the antibiotic treatment of animals. A multiresidue method was validated according to EU Regulation 2021/808, to allow (semi-)quantitative analysis of 78 antibiotics from 10 different classes: β-lactams, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, lincosamides, amphenicols, (fluoro)quinolones, macrolides, pleuromutilins, ansamycins and diaminopyrimidines using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). This method was used to test different storage conditions of these water samples during a stability study over a period of 2 weeks. Sulfonamides, lincosamides and pleuromutilins were the most stable. Degradation was most pronounced for β-lactam antibiotics, macrolides and ansamycins. To maintain stability, storage of samples at -18 °C is preferred. With the validated method, antibiotic residues were detected in groundwater, sampled from regions associated with intensive livestock farming in Flanders (Belgium). Out of 50 samples, 14% contained at least one residue. Concentrations were low, ranging from < LOD to 0.03 μg/L. Chloramphenicol, oxolinic acid, tetracycline and sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfadoxine, sulfamethazine and sulfisoxazole) were detected. This study presents a new method for the quantification of antibiotic residues, which was applied to investigate the presence of antibiotic residues in groundwater in Flanders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Tuts
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090, Melle, Belgium; Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Geertrui Rasschaert
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090, Melle, Belgium.
| | - Marc Heyndrickx
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090, Melle, Belgium; Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Nico Boon
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Ralf Eppinger
- Flanders Environment Agency (VMM), Dokter De Moorstraat 24-26, 9300, Aalst, Belgium.
| | - Ilse Becue
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090, Melle, Belgium.
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Yu MK, Fogarty EC, Eren AM. Diverse plasmid systems and their ecology across human gut metagenomes revealed by PlasX and MobMess. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:830-847. [PMID: 38443576 PMCID: PMC10914615 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Plasmids alter microbial evolution and lifestyles by mobilizing genes that often confer fitness in changing environments across clades. Yet our ecological and evolutionary understanding of naturally occurring plasmids is far from complete. Here we developed a machine-learning model, PlasX, which identified 68,350 non-redundant plasmids across human gut metagenomes and organized them into 1,169 evolutionarily cohesive 'plasmid systems' using our sequence containment-aware network-partitioning algorithm, MobMess. Individual plasmids were often country specific, yet most plasmid systems spanned across geographically distinct human populations. Cargo genes in plasmid systems included well-known determinants of fitness, such as antibiotic resistance, but also many others including enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of essential nutrients and modification of transfer RNAs, revealing a wide repertoire of likely fitness determinants in complex environments. Our study introduces computational tools to recognize and organize plasmids, and uncovers the ecological and evolutionary patterns of diverse plasmids in naturally occurring habitats through plasmid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Yu
- Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Emily C Fogarty
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee On Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Murat Eren
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, Oldenburg, Germany.
- Marine 'Omics Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.
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Liu X, Zhu H, Song W, Rao Q, Xu X. Mineralization and residue characteristics of chloramphenicol in aerobic soils: evidence from a carbon-14 study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:22917-22924. [PMID: 38416351 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic employed for controlling bacterial infections, presents an intriguing aspect in terms of its environmental fate in soils. 14C-labeled chloramphenicol was used to explore its mineralization and residue characteristics in three distinct agricultural soils in China. The findings revealed a nuanced pattern in the fate of 14C-chloramphenicol, with notable variations among the different soils under investigation. The chloramphenicol extract residue exhibited a reduction of 18.04% in sandy clay soil, 23.04% in clay loam soil, and 21.73% in loamy clay soil. Notably, the mineralization rate in sandy clay soil was 25.22% surpassed that in the other two soils, particularly during the initial stages of incubation. Over time, the diminishing extract residue underwent conversion into minerals and bound residue. The formation rate of bound residue was increased from 44.59 to 53.65% after adding 10% manure, suggesting that chloramphenicol easily binds with soils rich in organic matter. The bound residue is predominantly localized in the humin fraction across all soils. Additionally, the sterilized soil experiments indicated the pivotal role of microorganisms in influencing the fate of chloramphenicol under the specified experimental conditions. In conclusion, this study offers valuable insights into the environmental dynamics of chloramphenicol in soils, emphasizing the importance of soil composition, organic matter content, and microbial activity. The findings contribute to a scientific understanding of the environmental safety implications associated with chloramphenicol usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunyue Liu
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Haojie Zhu
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Wenyang Song
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Qiong Rao
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
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Mumbo MT, Nyaboga EN, Kinyua JK, Muge EK, Mathenge SGK, Rotich H, Muriira G, Njiraini B, Njiru JM. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of salmonella spp. and escherichia coli isolated from fresh nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) fish marketed for human consumption. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:306. [PMID: 37880584 PMCID: PMC10601154 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella spp. and pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli are among the major foodborne zoonotic pathogens. These bacterial pathogens cause human illnesses characterized by hemorrhagic colitis, vomiting, nausea, and other agent-related symptoms. The increasing occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in these pathogens is also a serious public health concern globally. Regular surveillance of phenotypes and genotypes of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli from animal-derived foods is necessary for effective reduction and control of these foodborne pathogens. This study was conducted to assess the occurrence, antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes and genetic diversity of Salmonella spp. and E. coli isolates from fresh Nile tilapia obtained from retail markets in Nairobi, Kenya. METHODS A total of 68 fresh Nile tilapia fish samples were collected from retail markets and used for isolation of Salmonella spp. and E. coli. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of the isolates weretested by Kirby-Bauer agar disc diffusion method. According to the antimicrobial resistance profiles, the multi-drug resistant isolates were identified by 16 S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis using the Bayesian inference method. The MDR Salmonella spp. and E. coli isolates were subjected to PCR-based screening for the detection virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. RESULTS The prevalence of contamination of the fish samples with Salmonella spp. and E.coli was 26.47% and 35.29% respectively. Overall phenotypic resistance among the Salmonella spp. ranged from 5.5% for ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, meropenem, nitrofurantoin and streptomycin and 22.2% for penicillin-G. For E. coli phenotypic resistance ranged from 4.2% for ceftazidime and chloramphenicol and 25% for rifampicin. Multi-drug resistance was observed in three Salmonella spp. and two E. coli isolates. Results of 16 S rRNA sequences, sequence alignment and phylogenic trees confirmed the identified MDR isolates as S. typhymurium WES-09, S. typhymurium MAK-22, S. typhimurium EMB-32 and E. coli MAK-26 and E. coli LAN-35. The presence of antibiotic-resistance genes belonging to β-lactamases, tetracycline, sulfonamide, trimethoprim and aminoglycosides-resistant genes were detected in all the identified MDR isolates. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study indicate that Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) sold in retail markets can acts as reservoirs of Salmonella spp. and E. coli pathogens linked to human disease, some of which were multidrug resistance to critically important antimicrobials. Both microorganisms are of zoonotic significance and represent a significant public health risk to the society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millicent T Mumbo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Evans N Nyaboga
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Johnson K Kinyua
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Edward K Muge
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Henry Rotich
- Research and development Department, Kenya Bureau of Standards, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Geoffrey Muriira
- Research and development Department, Kenya Bureau of Standards, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Bernard Njiraini
- Research and development Department, Kenya Bureau of Standards, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joshua M Njiru
- Research and development Department, Kenya Bureau of Standards, Nairobi, Kenya
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Nguyen TN, Thi Pham N, Ngo DH, Kumar S, Cao XT. Covalently Functionalized Graphene with Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Adsorption and Electrochemical Detection of Chloramphenicol. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:25385-25391. [PMID: 37483252 PMCID: PMC10357450 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we have presented a novel route to attach molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) through covalent bonding. First, the surface of rGO was modified with maleic anhydride (MA) via a Diels-Alder reaction using a deep eutectic solvent (DES). Next, 3-propyl-1-vinylimidazolium molecular units were anchored and polymerized in the presence of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) using chloramphenicol (CAP) as the template. Primarily, we investigated the effect of the molar ratio of individual precursors on the adsorption capacity of synthesized materials and accordingly fabricated the electrochemical sensor for CAP detection. Electrochemical results evidenced that the covalent bonding of MIP units enhanced the sensitivity of the respective sensor toward CAP in water as well as in real honey samples with high selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. This synthesis strategy involves the covalent binding of MIP on rGO materials via click chemisty under sonication power excluding harmful solvents and energy-intensive processes and thus could be a motivation for developing future electrochemical sensors through similar "green" routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Nhat
Thang Nguyen
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University
of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi
Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nam Thi Pham
- Institute
for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy
of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Dai-Hung Ngo
- Thu
Dau Mot University, Thu Dau
Mot City, Binh Duong 820000, Vietnam
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Xuan Thang Cao
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University
of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi
Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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Okafor JU, Nwodo UU. Molecular Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance Determinants in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Recovered from Hospital Effluents in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1139. [PMID: 37508235 PMCID: PMC10376002 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is an opportunistic bacteria responsible for many nosocomial and community-acquired infections. The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistances have resulted in widespread epidemics and endemic dissemination of multidrug-resistant pathogens. A total of 145 K. pneumoniae isolates were recovered from hospital wastewater effluents and subjected to antibiogram profiling. Furthermore, the antibiotic resistance determinants were assessed among phenotypic resistant isolates using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The isolates showed a wide range of antibiotic resistance against 21 selected antibiotics under 11 classes, with the most susceptible shown against imipenem (94.5%) and the most resistant shown against ampicillin (86.2%). The isolates also showed susceptibility to piperacillin/tazobactam (89.0%), ertapenem (87.6%), norfloxacin (86.2%), cefoxitin (86.2%), meropenem (76.6%), doripenem (76.6%), gentamicin (76.6%), chloramphenicol (73.1%), nitrofurantoin (71.7%), ciprofloxacin (79.3%), amikacin (60.7%), and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (70.4%). Conversely, resistance was also recorded against tetracycline (69%), doxycycline (56.6%), cefuroxime (46.2%), cefotaxime (48.3%), ceftazidime (41.4%). Out of the 32 resistance genes tested, 28 were confirmed, with [tetA (58.8%), tetD (47.89%), tetM (25.2%), tetB (5.9%)], [sul1 (68.4%), sul1I (66.6%)], and [aadA (62.3%), strA (26%), aac(3)-IIa(aacC2)a (14.4%)] genes having the highest occurrence. Strong significant associations exist among the resistance determinants screened. About 82.7% of the K. pneumoniae isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) with a multiple antibiotics resistance index (MARI) range of 0.24 to 1.0. A dual presence of the resistant genes among K. pneumoniae was also observed to occur more frequently than multiple presences. This study reveals a worrisome presence of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates and resistance genes in hospital waste effluent, resulting in higher public health risks using untreated surface water for human consumption. As a result, adequate water treatment and monitoring initiatives designed to monitor antimicrobial resistance patterns in the aquatic ecosystem are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan U Okafor
- Patho-Biocatalysis Group (PBG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Uchechukwu U Nwodo
- Patho-Biocatalysis Group (PBG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
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Ultrasensitive detection of ineradicable and harmful antibiotic chloramphenicol residue in soil, water, and food samples. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1243:340841. [PMID: 36697183 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chloramphenicol (CAP) is a harmful antibiotic that inevitably enters our food chain through natural or manmade means. Its ineradicable residue pollutes soils and water, accumulates in plants and animal products, and eventually affects human health. An ultrasensitive method for detecting and monitoring CAP is therefore urgently required. Herein, we report an ultrafast extraction and amperometry detection method based on a graphite-sulfate-modified electrode for detecting CAP in soil, water, and food samples. The graphite sulfate is prepared by the oxidation method and its structural properties are comprehensively investigated. The developed sensor electrode showed a wider linear range of 0.3-32.0 μg kg-1 and an ultralow detection limit of 0.1 μg kg-1, both of which meet the European Commission Reg 1871/2019 reference points for action. The method works well with both meat and plant samples, achieving CAP recoveries ranging from 90.8 to 99.1% even at low concentrations. Moreover, the sensor electrode shows more than 95% selectivity toward CAP detection in the soil, water, and food matrices. The developed method exhibits good repeatability and reproducibility in the analysis of real samples.
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Plasmid Composition, Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes Profiles of Ciprofloxacin- and Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Foodborne Salmonella enterica Isolates from Russia. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020347. [PMID: 36838312 PMCID: PMC9961839 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is an important foodborne pathogen worldwide. Ciprofloxacin and extended-spectrum cephalosporins are the common first-line antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of salmonellosis, antimicrobial resistance genes for which are mostly transferred via plasmids. The goal of this work was to perform genomic analysis of plasmids from foodborne S. enterica isolates obtained in Russia based on whole-genome sequencing. In the current study, 11 multidrug-resistant samples isolated in 2021 from 8 regions of Russia were selected based on their resistance to ciprofloxacin and third-generation cephalosporins (CIP-3rd). Whole-genome short-read sequencing (WGS) was performed for all isolates; the samples belonged to five different sequence types (ST32, ST469, ST11, ST142, and ST548) which had different profiles of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence genes. We have performed additional long-read sequencing of four representative S. enterica isolates, which showed that they carried pESI-like megaplasmids of 202-280 kb length harboring extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes, fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, and aminoglycosides resistance genes, as well as several virulence determinants. We believe that the WGS data obtained will greatly facilitate further studies of foodborne S. enterica isolates epidemiology in terms of their self-transmissible plasmid composition that mediated antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants conferring selective advantages of this important bacterial pathogen.
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Falyouna O, Maamoun I, Ghosh S, Malloum A, Othmani A, Eljamal O, Amen TW, Oroke A, Bornman C, Ahmadi S, Hadi Dehghani M, Hossein Mahvi A, Nasseri S, Tyagi I, Suhas, Reddy Koduru J. Sustainable Technologies for the Removal of Chloramphenicol from Pharmaceutical Industries Effluent: A critical review. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Liu Z, Zou H, Lan Z, Li X. Prioritized antibiotics screening based on comprehensive risk assessments and related management strategy in various animal farms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 319:115702. [PMID: 35834855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic pollution in the environment caused by animal breeding has become a serious issue. The persistent release of antibiotics with animal waste may lead to antibiotic resistances in the environment, which poses a threat to human health. This study tries to provides a practical method for screening prioritized antibiotics via a comprehensive risk assessment and determination of their major sources, and put forward corresponding regulatory measures for animal industries. We investigated the occurrence and distribution of 20 antibiotics belonging to eight classes, spanning the areas of animal feed, drinking water, and animal feces on 59 animal farms in Shandong Province, China. The results showed that antibiotic contamination was prevalent in different environmental mediums (feed, feces, and drinking water) on these farms. Tetracyclines typically exhibited higher concentrations than the other classes in all samples, and the majority of antibiotics had greater concentrations in cattle feces than in pig- or chicken feces. For the antibiotic ecological risks in feces, doxycycline, tetracycline, and enrofloxacin exhibited much more toxic effects on terrestrial organisms (e.g., wheat, cucumber, and rice). Ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin, and tetracycline levels in drinking water samples can lead to high risk of antibiotic resistance, while no antibiotic posed obvious risks to human health. Based on compressive risk assessments, 11 antibiotics were prioritized to control in the animal breeding environment. Based on the survey of feeds, drinking water and animal waste from the farm, roxithromycin in the feces mainly originated from the feeds, while most prioritized antibiotics, were from extra addition in the animal breeding process (including injection and other oral routes). The key point of local antibiotic management in animal farms should be adjusted from the feed factory to the extra addition of antibiotics in animal breeding processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Liu
- Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Jinan City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Huiyun Zou
- Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zouran Lan
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China.
| | - Xuewen Li
- Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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13
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MIP-based extraction techniques for the determination of antibiotic residues in edible meat samples: Design, performance & recent developments. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Chai MH, Sukiman MZ, Najib NM, Mohabbar NA, Azizan NANM, Mohamad NM, Ariffin SMZ, Ghazali MF. Molecular detection and antibiogram of Staphylococcus aureus in rabbits, rabbit handlers, and rabbitry in Terengganu, Malaysia. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8:388-395. [PMID: 34722737 PMCID: PMC8520145 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2021.h527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to investigate the prevalence and antibiogram of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistance S. aureus (MRSA) in rabbits, rabbit handlers, and rabbitry environments in Terengganu. Materials and Methods Swab samples from 183 rabbits (183 oral and 183 ear swabs), 45 rabbit handlers (45 oral and 45 nasal), and environmental (n = 180) samples from rabbitries were collected from 10 rabbit farms in Terengganu. The associated S. aureus isolates from the swabs were isolated using phenotypic microbiology tests. The bacteria were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction targeting nuc (S. aureus) and mecA (MRSA) genes. The antibiogram of all S. aureus isolates was determined using the Kirby-Bauer test. Results Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 19% of rabbits, 26.7% of rabbit handlers, and 8.8% of swabs from the rabbitry environment. However, MRSA (0%) could not be detected. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that S. aureus from rabbits showed low resistance (<20%) against 15 different antibiotics while fully susceptible to 4 antibiotics. Meanwhile, S. aureus from rabbit handlers showed high resistance against penicillin (86%), oxacillin (64%), and amoxicillin (50%). Conclusions This study suggests the emergence of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus in rabbit farms settings. Therefore, careful selection of antimicrobial agents will be essential to preserve the effectiveness of treatments toward S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hian Chai
- School of Animal Science, Aquatic Science and Environment, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Zikree Sukiman
- School of Animal Science, Aquatic Science and Environment, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nurlailasari Mohammad Najib
- School of Animal Science, Aquatic Science and Environment, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nor Arifah Mohabbar
- School of Animal Science, Aquatic Science and Environment, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aina Nadhirah Mohd Azizan
- School of Animal Science, Aquatic Science and Environment, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Noor Muzamil Mohamad
- Centralised Laboratory Management Centre, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Siti Mariam Zainal Ariffin
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Faizal Ghazali
- School of Animal Science, Aquatic Science and Environment, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
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An improving aqueous dispersion of polydopamine functionalized vapor grown carbon fiber for the effective sensing electrode fabrication to chloramphenicol drug detection in food samples. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Biosecurity and Antimicrobial Use Practices in Live Bird Markets within Abeokuta Metropolis, Southwest, Nigeria: A Preliminary Survey. MACEDONIAN VETERINARY REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/macvetrev-2021-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The development of an antimicrobial stewardship plan (AMSP) for live bird sellers (LBS) requires an understanding of the current biosecurity status, antimicrobial use (AMU) and the practices involved in live bird selling (e.g., drivers, sellers, etc.) which is a direct source of poultry meat for human consumption. Seven Live Bird Markets (LBMs) within Abeokuta, Ogun State were surveyed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data on LBMs characteristics, LBS demographics, biosecurity, and AMU practices, awareness on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), as well as preferred channels of information on antimicrobial stewardship were gathered. A total of 40 consenting LBS with 82.5% female and 17.5% male participants were included in the study. The participants’ mean age was 45.3 years (SD±11.9, range: 23-70 years). Laying hens, broilers, and cockerels were the main poultry types sold by LBS. Antimicrobials (AMs) were used for growth promotion (57.5%), therapeutic (40.0%), and prophylactic (2.5%) purposes. Tetracycline, metronidazole, and chloramphenicol were the most frequently used AMs. The majority of the participants (90.0%) have treated birds based on their empirical experience, with little or no inputs from veterinarians. Biosecurity and AMU practices were generally low (54.0% and 34.0%, respectively). The contact with veterinarians was associated with satisfactory biosecurity practices (p=0.049). No significant factors were found to be linked with AMU. This study has provided recent evidence-based data on practices in poultry management among LBS in Abeokuta, Ogun state. The findings would be useful for policy decisions and the development of AMSP on prudent AMU among LBS.
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Hanekamp JC, Calabrese EJ. Reflections on chemical risk assessment or how (not) to serve society with science. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148511. [PMID: 34465060 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we want to shed light on the demand for chemical and toxicological data growing ever more faster than science can supply and other aspects of assessing chemical risks, including the demand for 'ever greater safety'. The treatise that follows is on the one hand rooted in well-established toxicological theory and on the other hand utilises emerging toxicological insights. Both theoretical conceptions and empirical substantiations are discussed to build up a perspective that produces an outlook on innovation and proliferates insights into our inexorable and invaluable exposure to 'the chemical'. We propose that in toxicology, with the implicit mandatory linear routine of dose-response, there is no tangible scientific drive to understand and unearth the actual empirical dose-response curve for chemicals under scrutiny. This can and should be improved upon as to advance the science of toxicology and to optimise current and future regulatory efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap C Hanekamp
- Science Department, University College Roosevelt, Middelburg, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA.
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Morrill I, N344, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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18
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Vinothkumar V, Abinaya M, Chen SM. Ultrasonic assisted preparation of CoMoO4 nanoparticles modified electrochemical sensor for chloramphenicol determination. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Plasmid-Mediated Antibiotic Resistant Escherichia coli in Sarawak Rivers and Aquaculture Farms, Northwest of Borneo. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070776. [PMID: 34202216 PMCID: PMC8300627 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The emergence of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli in water resources could pose a serious threat to public health. The study aims to investigate the dispersion of plasmid-mediated antibiotic-resistant E. coli from six rivers in Sarawak and two aquaculture farms in Borneo. Methods: A total of 74 water samples were collected for the determination of their bacteria colony count. An IMViC test identified 31 E. coli isolates and tested their susceptibility against twelve clinically important antibiotics. The extraction of plasmid DNA was done using alkali lysis SDS procedures. Characteristics, including plasmid copy number, molecular weight size, resistance rate and multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR), were assessed. Results: Our findings revealed that bacterial counts in rivers and aquaculture farms ranged from log 2.00 to 3.68 CFU/mL and log 1.70 to 5.48 cfu/mL, respectively. Resistance to piperacillin (100%) was observed in all E. coli; resistance to amoxicillin (100%) and ampicillin (100%) was observed in E. coli found in aquaculture farms; resistance to streptomycin (93%) was observed in E. coli found in rivers. All E. coli were resistant to ≥2 antibiotics and formed 26 MAR profiles, ranging from an index of 0.17 to 0.83, indicating that there are high risks of contamination. Some (48.4%) of the E. coli were detected with plasmids (1.2 to >10 kb), whereas 51.6% of the E. coli did not harbor any plasmids. The plasmid copy numbers reported were one plasmid (n = 7), two plasmids (n = 4), ≥ two plasmids (4). E. coli isolated from the Muara Tuang River showed the highest-molecular-weight plasmids. A statistical analysis revealed that there is no significant correlation (r = 0.21, p = 0.253) between the number of plasmids and the MAR index of the tested isolates. Conclusion: The distribution of MAR in E. coli from rivers is higher compared to the aquaculture environment. Our study suggests that MAR in isolates could be chromosome-mediated. Our results suggest that riverbed sediments could serve as reservoirs for MAR bacteria, including pathogens, under different climatic conditions, and their analysis could provide information for public health concerns.
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20
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Patchanee P, Chokesajjawatee N, Santiyanont P, Chuammitri P, Deeudom M, Monteith W, Sheppard SK, Pascoe B, Prasertsee T. Characterisation of Salmonella enterica clones carrying mcr-1 plasmids in meat products and patients in Northern Thailand using long read sequencing. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 358:109314. [PMID: 34176647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella spp. is an important foodborne pathogen associated with consumption of contaminated food, especially food of livestock origin. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella has been reported globally and increasing AMR in food production is a major public health issue worldwide. The objective of this study was to describe the genetic relatedness among Salmonella enterica isolates, which displayed identical DNA fingerprint profiles. Ten S. enterica isolates were selected from meat and human cases with an identical rep-PCR profile of serovars Rissen (n = 4), Weltevreden (n = 4), and Stanley (n = 2). We used long-read whole genome sequencing (WGS) on the MinION sequencing platform to type isolates and investigate in silico the presence of specific AMR genes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was tested by disk diffusion and gradient diffusion method to corroborate the AMR phenotype. Multidrug resistance and resistance to more than one antimicrobial agent were observed in eight and nine isolates, respectively. Resistance to colistin with an accompanying mcr-1 gene was observed among the Salmonella isolates. The analysis of core genome and whole genome MLST revealed that the Salmonella from meat and human salmonellosis were genetically related. Hence, it could be concluded that meat is one of the important sources for Salmonella infection in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapas Patchanee
- Integrative Research Center for Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Nipa Chokesajjawatee
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pannita Santiyanont
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Phongsakorn Chuammitri
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Manu Deeudom
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - William Monteith
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7BA, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel K Sheppard
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7BA, United Kingdom; Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ben Pascoe
- Integrative Research Center for Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7BA, United Kingdom; Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Teerarat Prasertsee
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
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21
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Lees P, Pelligand L, Giraud E, Toutain PL. A history of antimicrobial drugs in animals: Evolution and revolution. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2021; 44:137-171. [PMID: 32725687 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary process of antimicrobial drug (AMD) uses in animals over a mere eight decades (1940-2020) has led to a revolutionary outcome, and both evolution and revolution are ongoing, with reports on a range of uses, misuses and abuses escalating logarithmically. As well as veterinary therapeutic perspectives (efficacy, safety, host toxicity, residues, selection of drug, determination of dose and measurement of outcome in treating animal diseases), there are also broader, nontherapeutic uses, some of which have been abandoned, whilst others hopefully will soon be discontinued, at least in more developed countries. Although AMD uses for treatment of animal diseases will continue, it must: (a) be sustainable within the One Health paradigm; and (b) devolve into more prudent, rationally based therapeutic uses. As this review on AMDs is published in a Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, its scope has been made broader than most recent reviews in this field. Many reviews have focused on negative aspects of AMD actions and uses, especially on the question of antimicrobial resistance. This review recognizes these concerns but also emphasizes the many positive aspects deriving from the use of AMDs, including the major research-based advances underlying both the prudent and rational use of AMDs. It is structured in seven sections: (1) Introduction; (2) Sulfonamide history; (3) Nontherapeutic and empirical uses of AMDs (roles of agronomists and veterinarians); (4) Rational uses of AMDs (roles of pharmacologists, clinicians, industry and regulatory controls); (5) Prudent use (residue monitoring, antimicrobial resistance); (6) International and inter-disciplinary actions; and (7) Conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lees
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Etienne Giraud
- INTHERES, INRA, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Toutain
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
- INTHERES, INRA, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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22
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Llewelyn VK, Berger L, Glass BD. Predicting in vivo absorption of chloramphenicol in frogs using in vitro percutaneous absorption data. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:57. [PMID: 33509166 PMCID: PMC7842057 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infectious disease, particularly the fungal disease chytridiomycosis (caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis), is a primary cause of amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide. The transdermal route, although offering a simple option for drug administration in frogs, is complicated by the lack of knowledge regarding percutaneous absorption kinetics. This study builds on our previous studies in frogs, to formulate and predict the percutaneous absorption of a drug for the treatment of infectious disease in frogs. Chloramphenicol, a drug with reported efficacy in the treatment of infectious disease including Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, was formulated with 20% v/v propylene glycol and applied to the ventral pelvis of Rhinella marina for up to 6 h. Serum samples were taken during and up to 18 h following exposure, quantified for chloramphenicol content, and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using non-compartmental analysis. Results Serum levels of chloramphenicol reached the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC; 12.5 μg.mL− 1) for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis within 90–120 min of exposure commencing, and remained above the MIC for the remaining exposure time. Cmax (17.09 ± 2.81 μg.mL− 1) was reached at 2 h, while elimination was long (t1/2 = 18.68 h). Conclusions The model, based on in vitro data and adjusted for formulation components and in vivo data, was effective in predicting chloramphenicol flux to ensure the MIC for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis was reached, with serum levels being well above the MICs for other common bacterial pathogens in frogs. Chloramphenicol’s extended elimination means that a 6-h bath may be adequate to maintain serum levels for up to 24 h. We suggest trialling a reduction of the currently-recommended continuous (23 h/day for 21–35 days) chloramphenicol bathing for chytrid infection with this formulation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-02765-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria K Llewelyn
- Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia. .,College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Lee Berger
- One Health Research Group, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Australia
| | - Beverley D Glass
- Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutical products in the water cycle may cause harmful effects such as morphological, metabolic and sex alterations in aquatic organisms and the selection/development of organisms resistant to antimicrobial agents. The compounds’ stability and persistent character hinder their elimination by conventional physico-chemical and biological treatments and thus, the development of new water purification technologies has drawn great attention from academic and industrial researchers. Recently, the electro-Fenton process has been demonstrated to be a viable alternative for the removal of these hazardous, recalcitrant compounds. This process occurs under the action of a suitable catalyst, with the majority of current scientific research focused on heterogeneous systems. A significant area of research centres working on the development of an appropriate catalyst able to overcome the operating limitations associated with the homogeneous process is concerned with the short service life and difficulty in the separation/recovery of the catalyst from polluted water. This review highlights a present trend in the use of different materials as electro-Fenton catalysts for pharmaceutical compound removal from aquatic environments. The main challenges facing these technologies revolve around the enhancement of performance, stability for long-term use, life-cycle analysis considerations and cost-effectiveness. Although treatment efficiency has improved significantly, ongoing research efforts need to deliver economic viability at a larger scale due to the high operating costs, primarily related to energy consumption.
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Abinaya M, Muthuraj V. Bi-functional catalytic performance of silver manganite/polypyrrole nanocomposite for electrocatalytic sensing and photocatalytic degradation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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25
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Molecular characteristics of antimicrobial resistance determinants and integrons in Salmonella isolated from chicken meat in Korea. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Casanova L, Hill V, Sobsey M. Antibiotic‐resistant
Salmonella
in swine wastes and farm surface waters. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:117-123. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L.M. Casanova
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - V.R. Hill
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - M.D. Sobsey
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA
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Biodegradation of antibiotics: The new resistance determinants – part I. N Biotechnol 2020; 54:34-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Radko L, Śniegocki T, Sell B, Posyniak A. Metabolomic Profile of Primary Turkey and Rat Hepatocytes and Two Cell Lines after Chloramphenicol Exposure. Animals (Basel) 2019; 10:E30. [PMID: 31877810 PMCID: PMC7022860 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the formation of chloramphenicol metabolites in primary turkey and rat hepatocyte cultures and human hepatoma (HepG2) cells and nonhepatic, Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the drug was assessed through three biochemical endpoints: mitochondrial and lysosomal activity and cellular membrane integrity after 24 and 48 h exposure. The two metabolites of the drug, chloramphenicol glucuronide and nitroso-chloramphenicol, were detected to the greatest extent in both primary hepatocyte cultures by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Toxic nitroso-chloramphenicol was the main metabolite in the primary turkey hepatocyte cultures, but it was not in the primary rat hepatocyte cultures. The most affected endpoint in turkey and rat hepatocyte cultures was the disintegration of the cellular membrane, but in the cell lines, mitochondrial and lysosomal activities underwent the greatest change. The primary hepatocyte cultures represent valuable tools with which to study the species differences in the biotransformation and toxicity of drugs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of differences in chloramphenicol metabolism in primary turkey and rat hepatocyte cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Radko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (T.Ś.); (B.S.); (A.P.)
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Sharma P, Gupta SK, Adenipekun EO, Barrett JB, Hiott LM, Woodley TA, Iwalokun BA, Oluwadun A, Ramadan HH, Frye JG, Jackson CR. Genome Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Poultry in Nigeria. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 17:1-7. [PMID: 31509034 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2019.2659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the most common commensal bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and warm-blooded animals. Contaminated poultry can lead to disease outbreaks in consumers causing massive economic losses in the poultry industry. Additionally, commensal E. coli can harbor antibiotic resistance genes that can be transferred to other bacteria, including pathogens, in a colonized human host. In a previous study on antimicrobial resistance of E. coli from food animals from Nigeria, multidrug-resistant E. coli were detected. Three of those isolates were selected for further study using whole-genome sequencing due to the extensive drug resistance exhibited. All of the isolates carried the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes, blaCTX-M15 and blaTEM-1, whereas one isolate harbored an additional ESBL, blaOXA-1. All of the tetracycline-resistant isolates carried tet(A). The genes aac3-IIa and aacA4, conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, were identified in an E. coli isolate resistant to gentamicin and tobramycin. In two E. coli isolates, dfrA14, qnrS1, and sulII, were detected conferring resistance to trimethoprim, fluoroquinolones, and sulfonamides, respectively. The third isolate carried dfrA17, no fluoroquinolone resistance gene, an additional sulI gene, and a chloramphenicol resistance gene, catB3. Mutations in candidate genes conferring resistance to fosfomycin and fluoroquinolones were also detected. Several efflux systems were detected in all the E. coli isolates and virulence-associated genes related to serum resistance, motility, and adhesion. E. coli and non-E. coli origin prophages were also identified in the isolates. The results underline the higher resolution power of whole-genome sequencing for investigation of antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and phage in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sharma
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, USDA-ARS, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, Georgia
| | - Sushim K Gupta
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, USDA-ARS, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, Georgia
| | - Eyitayo O Adenipekun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - John B Barrett
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, USDA-ARS, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, Georgia
| | - Lari M Hiott
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, USDA-ARS, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, Georgia
| | - Tiffanie A Woodley
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, USDA-ARS, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, Georgia
| | - Bamidele A Iwalokun
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria.,Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Afolabi Oluwadun
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria
| | - Hazem H Ramadan
- Hygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Jonathan G Frye
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, USDA-ARS, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, Georgia
| | - Charlene R Jackson
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, USDA-ARS, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, Georgia
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Son SH, Seo KW, Kim YB, Jeon HY, Noh EB, Lee YJ. Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Edible Offal in Korea. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1183-1190. [PMID: 31233359 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Edible offal is significantly contaminated by antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli. E. coli from edible offal is harboring various antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. Improvements in hygienic conditions of edible offal production is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hyun Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4754-0931 [Y.B.K.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-1133 [H.Y.J.])
| | - Kwang Won Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4754-0931 [Y.B.K.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-1133 [H.Y.J.])
| | - Yeong Bin Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4754-0931 [Y.B.K.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-1133 [H.Y.J.])
| | - Hye Young Jeon
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4754-0931 [Y.B.K.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-1133 [H.Y.J.])
| | - Eun Bi Noh
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4754-0931 [Y.B.K.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-1133 [H.Y.J.])
| | - Young Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4754-0931 [Y.B.K.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-1133 [H.Y.J.])
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31
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Gerssen A, Bovee TH, van Ginkel LA, van Iersel ML, Hoogenboom RL. Food and feed safety: Cases and approaches to identify the responsible toxins and toxicants. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Yi X, Lin C, Ong EJL, Wang M, Zhou Z. Occurrence and distribution of trace levels of antibiotics in surface waters and soils driven by non-point source pollution and anthropogenic pressure. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 216:213-223. [PMID: 30368086 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics in surface waters and soils are growing public health concerns and treated wastewater has often been identified as the main source of antibiotics. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the occurrence and concentrations of antibiotics in coastal cities without direct impact of wastewater discharge. In this study, the occurrence of 14 antibiotics including four macrolides, three sulfonamides, three β-lactams, lincomycin, chloramphenicol, furazolidon, and monensin in surface waters and soils in Singapore were analyzed with SPE-LC-ESI-MS/MS. The detected concentrations of antibiotics were all below 82.5 ng/L in surface waters and below 80.6 ng/g dry wt in soils. These concentrations were significantly lower than other cities that were under the impact of treated wastewater discharge, suggesting that reduction of treated wastewater discharge reduces occurrence of antibiotics in the environment. However, the wide occurrence of trace levels of antibiotics suggest that other factors may have contributed to detected environmental antibiotics. Population density was positively correlated with concentrations of clarithromycin, lincomycin, azithromycin, and sulfamethoxazole in surface waters, suggesting that non-point source pollution due to anthropogenic pressure may contribute to the wide detection of trace levels of antibiotics. The potential impact of antibiotic use, natural production, and half-lives of antibiotics were further discussed. Further studies are needed to evaluate how anthropogenic activities other than wastewater discharge may contribute to the occurrence of trace level antibiotics and their associated health risks in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Yi
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510631, China
| | - Chenghui Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Eugene Jie Li Ong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Mian Wang
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering and Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering and Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States.
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33
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Sebastian N, Yu WC, Balram D. Electrochemical detection of an antibiotic drug chloramphenicol based on a graphene oxide/hierarchical zinc oxide nanocomposite. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qi01000e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical detection of chloramphenicol (CAP) based on a graphene oxide hierarchical zinc oxide nanocomposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neethu Sebastian
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 106
- Republic of China
| | - Wan-Chin Yu
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 106
- Republic of China
| | - Deepak Balram
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 106
- Taiwan
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34
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Javidi M, Housaindokht MR, Verdian A, Razavizadeh BM. Detection of chloramphenicol using a novel apta-sensing platform based on aptamer terminal-lock in milk samples. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1039:116-123. [PMID: 30322542 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel apta-sensing colorimetric platform for rapid detection of chloramphenicol (CAP) in raw milk was developed. The AuNPs are stabilized by short-sequences aptamers against salt induced aggregation and this is the base of most colorimetric aptasensors development. However, the statute shows low sensitivity for the long-sequence aptamers. Herein, we propose an alternative strategy that use intact long-sequence aptamers for develop a highly sensitive AuNP-based colorimetric aptasensor. Determination of CAP in animal derived foods is an urgent demanded in the effort to minimize food safety risk. Therefore, we chose it as the representative model to construct the colorimetric sensing platform based on aptamer terminal-lock (ATL). In the ATL, intact aptamer was used as a molecular recognition element and a short-sequence oligonucleotide serving as a locker probe (LP) which is complementary of aptamer terminal fragments. By formation of aptamer/target complex, the LP leaves the ATL and adsorbs on the surface of AuNPs, leading to the AuNPs stabilization against salt-induced aggregation. This aptasensor shows a low limit of detection (0.03 nM) with high selectivity toward CAP. Moreover, the designed sensing platform was successfully applied to detect CAP in the milk samples. These results demonstrate our introduced label-free method for CAP detection is simple, sensitive, and highly selective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbobeh Javidi
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Housaindokht
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Asma Verdian
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Control, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marzieh Razavizadeh
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Control, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
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35
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de Jong MS, van Dyk R, Weldon C. Antifungal efficacy of F10SC veterinary disinfectant against Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Med Mycol 2018; 56:60-68. [PMID: 28371902 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Infectious disease chytridiomycosis, which is caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, has been identified as one of the most important drivers of amphibian declines and extinction. In vitro B. dendrobatidis is susceptible to a range of disinfectants, but not all have been tested on animals and some that have been proven effective have harmful side effects on the surrounding environment or the animals being treated. We tested the efficacy of F10SC veterinary disinfectant to treat B. dendrobatidis in experimentally infected tadpole and juvenile Sclerophrys gutturalis and tadpoles of Sclerophrys poweri and Amietia hymenopus. The minimum inhibitory concentration for F10SC on in vitro B. dendrobatidis ranged between 1:7000 for 5-min contact time and 1:10000 for 10-min contact time. Based on the survival data of test animals the no observed effect concentration for 15-min contact time was estimated to be 1:2000 dilution for juveniles, and 1:10000 for tadpoles. In S. gutturalis juveniles an 86% infection clearance rate was achieved after five 15-min doses of 1:3000 dilution. A 100% clearance was achieved in A. hymenopus tadpoles after seven 15-min doses of 1:10000 dilution, and after nine doses of the same treatment in S. poweri tadpoles. F10SC has the benefit of being a concentrated compound that provides a treatment protocol which is nontoxic to tadpoles and post-metamorphic individuals, has a short half-life and is effective against B. dendrobatidis during short contact times, but further testing on different species of amphibians is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S de Jong
- Unit for Environmental Research and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - R van Dyk
- Unit for Environmental Research and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C Weldon
- Unit for Environmental Research and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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36
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Wieczerzak M, Kudłak B, Namieśnik J. Impact of selected drugs and their binary mixtures on the germination of Sorghum bicolor (sorgo) seeds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:18717-18727. [PMID: 29705907 PMCID: PMC6061511 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the toxicological potential of binary drug mixtures and individual drugs under different pH conditions with different inorganic ion additions on the germination of Sorghum bicolor (sorgo) seeds. To assess whether the given drug mixtures were more phytotoxic than the individual compounds, concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) approaches were applied to estimate the predicted phytotoxicity values, followed by calculations of the MDR (model deviation factor) to determine the deviation from the predicted values. Binary mixtures of chloramphenicol with ketoprofen, diclofenac sodium, and oxytetracycline hydrochloride proved to be synergistic. The pH changes had the largest impact on the phytotoxicity of the diclofenac sodium and ketoprofen solutions, elevating their toxicity toward S. bicolor, and the co-presence of inorganic ions was shown to have an impact on ketoprofen, chloramphenicol, and oxytetracycline hydrochloride. Most of the interactions between sorgo plants and pharmaceuticals with added ions were antagonistic in nature, particularly those calculated using the IA model, with a few cases (one case for ketoprofen and chloramphenicol, two cases for oxytetracycline hydrochloride, and four cases for diclofenac sodium) of overestimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Wieczerzak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Błażej Kudłak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
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37
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Chloramphenicol-Induced Alterations in the Liver and Small Intestine Epithelium in Pigs. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2018-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An effect of the exposure to chloramphenicol (CAP) at doses used therapeutically was studied in pigs at the age of slaughter. Pigs were treated with CAP intramuscularly (20 mg/kg b.w. two times every 24 hours). Histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical analyses of small intestine and liver were done. CAP increased the thickness of myenteron and submucosa, and the length of villi; decreased the depth of crypts in the duodenum and jejunum. CAP influenced the Auerbach plexus. A decrease in cell proliferation, an increase in the number of apoptotic cells and T lymphocytes in the CAP-treated pigs were observed. CAP induces hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity and disturbed intestinal epithelium. It can be concluded that short exposure of pigs to CAP at doses used therapeutically results in disturbed digestion and absorption process in the intestine.
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38
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Manyi-Loh C, Mamphweli S, Meyer E, Okoh A. Antibiotic Use in Agriculture and Its Consequential Resistance in Environmental Sources: Potential Public Health Implications. Molecules 2018; 23:E795. [PMID: 29601469 PMCID: PMC6017557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 617] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the increased demand of animal protein in developing countries, intensive farming is instigated, which results in antibiotic residues in animal-derived products, and eventually, antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance is of great public health concern because the antibiotic-resistant bacteria associated with the animals may be pathogenic to humans, easily transmitted to humans via food chains, and widely disseminated in the environment via animal wastes. These may cause complicated, untreatable, and prolonged infections in humans, leading to higher healthcare cost and sometimes death. In the said countries, antibiotic resistance is so complex and difficult, due to irrational use of antibiotics both in the clinical and agriculture settings, low socioeconomic status, poor sanitation and hygienic status, as well as that zoonotic bacterial pathogens are not regularly cultured, and their resistance to commonly used antibiotics are scarcely investigated (poor surveillance systems). The challenges that follow are of local, national, regional, and international dimensions, as there are no geographic boundaries to impede the spread of antibiotic resistance. In addition, the information assembled in this study through a thorough review of published findings, emphasized the presence of antibiotics in animal-derived products and the phenomenon of multidrug resistance in environmental samples. This therefore calls for strengthening of regulations that direct antibiotic manufacture, distribution, dispensing, and prescription, hence fostering antibiotic stewardship. Joint collaboration across the world with international bodies is needed to assist the developing countries to implement good surveillance of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Manyi-Loh
- Fort Hare Institute of Technology, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
| | - Sampson Mamphweli
- Fort Hare Institute of Technology, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
| | - Edson Meyer
- Fort Hare Institute of Technology, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
| | - Anthony Okoh
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
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39
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Odoch T, Sekse C, L'Abee-Lund TM, Høgberg Hansen HC, Kankya C, Wasteson Y. Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance Genotypes in Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Isolates from Poultry Farms in Uganda. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E324. [PMID: 29438292 PMCID: PMC5858393 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are foodborne pathogens of global public health significance. The aim of this study was to subtype a collection of 85 NTS originating from poultry farms in Uganda, and to evaluate a subgroup of phenotypically resistant isolates for common antimicrobial resistance genes and associated integrons. All isolates were subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Phenotypically resistant isolates (n = 54) were screened by PCR for the most relevant AMR genes corresponding to their phenotypic resistance pattern, and all 54 isolates were screened by PCR for the presence of integron class 1 and 2 encoding genes. These genes are known to commonly encode resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim, sulfonamide and chloramphenicol. PFGE revealed 15 pulsotypes representing 11 serotypes from 75 isolates, as 10 were non-typable. Thirty one (57.4%) of the 54 resistant isolates carried at least one of the seven genes (blaTEM-1,cmlA, tetA, qnrS,sul1,dhfrI,dhfrVII) identified by PCR and six (11%) carried class 1 integrons. This study has shown that a diversity of NTS-clones are present in Ugandan poultry farm settings, while at the same time similar NTS-clones occur in different farms and areas. The presence of resistance genes to important antimicrobials used in human and veterinary medicine has been demonstrated, hence the need to strengthen strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance at all levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Odoch
- Department of Bio-security, Ecosystems and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (COVAB), Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | | | - Trine M L'Abee-Lund
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 0454 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Helge Christoffer Høgberg Hansen
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 0454 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Clovice Kankya
- Department of Bio-security, Ecosystems and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (COVAB), Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Yngvild Wasteson
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 0454 Oslo, Norway.
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40
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Yanovych D, Berendsen B, Zasadna Z, Rydchuk M, Czymai T. A study of the origin of chloramphenicol isomers in honey. Drug Test Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Yanovych
- Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues; State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Feed Additives (SCIVP); Lviv Ukraine
| | - Bjorn Berendsen
- RIKILT; Wageningen University & Research Centre; Wageningen Netherlands
| | - Zvenyslava Zasadna
- Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues; State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Feed Additives (SCIVP); Lviv Ukraine
| | - Mariana Rydchuk
- Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues; State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Feed Additives (SCIVP); Lviv Ukraine
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41
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Guidi LR, Tette PA, Fernandes C, Silva LH, Gloria MBA. Advances on the chromatographic determination of amphenicols in food. Talanta 2017; 162:324-338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Rejtharová M, Rejthar L, Bureš J, Vernerová E, Hera A. Persistence of chloramphenicol residues in chicken muscle tissue after a therapeutic dose administration. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 34:547-551. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1253113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rejtharová
- ÚSKVBL - Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Rejthar
- ÚSKVBL - Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Bureš
- ÚSKVBL - Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Vernerová
- ÚSKVBL - Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alfred Hera
- ÚSKVBL - Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines, Brno, Czech Republic
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43
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Rejtharová M, Rejthar L, Čačková K, Bureš J, Vernerová E, Hera A. Observation of residues in tissues of chickens exposed to low dietary concentrations of chloramphenicol. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 34:542-546. [PMID: 27689693 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1241900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To investigate potential residues in tissues arising from naturally occurring low levels of chloramphenicol in plant material, feeding studies were conducted with chickens. A common chicken feed was prepared containing 0, 10, 50 and 200 μg kg-1 chloramphenicol and levels were confirmed by LC-MS/MS. Four separate groups of broiler chickens, eight animals in each group, were fed all their 35-day life with this contaminated feed. They were allowed ad libitum access to this feed and fresh water. After slaughtering the chickens, the residues in muscle and liver tissues were determined using GC/MS-NCI method. No residues were detected in tissues of animals from groups fed with feed containing 0, 10 or 50 µg kg-1. Low chloramphenicol residual concentrations were observed in a few of the muscle samples obtained from the group of chickens fed with feed containing chloramphenicol in added concentration 200 µg kg-1. No residues were detected in the remaining samples of this group. These results indicate that when residues of chloramphenicol are detected it is in all probability through illegal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rejtharová
- a ÚSKVBL - Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Libor Rejthar
- a ÚSKVBL - Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Čačková
- a ÚSKVBL - Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Bureš
- a ÚSKVBL - Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Eva Vernerová
- a ÚSKVBL - Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Alfred Hera
- a ÚSKVBL - Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines , Brno , Czech Republic
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Aspenström-Fagerlund B, Nordkvist E, Törnkvist A, Wallgren P, Hoogenboom R, Berendsen B, Granelli K. Distribution of chloramphenicol to tissues, plasma and urine in pigs after oral intake of low doses. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:1411-20. [PMID: 27385382 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1209574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Toxic effects of chloramphenicol in humans caused the ban for its use in food-producing animals in the EU. A minimum required performance level (MRPL) was specified for chloramphenicol at 0.3 μg kg(-1) for various matrices, including urine. In 2012, residues of chloramphenicol were found in pig urine and muscle without signs of illegal use. Regarding its natural occurrence in straw, it was hypothesised that this might be the source, straw being compulsory for use as bedding material for pigs in Sweden. Therefore, we investigated if low daily doses of chloramphenicol (4, 40 and 400 μg/pig) given orally during 14 days could result in residues in pig tissues and urine. A dose-related increase of residues was found in muscle, plasma, kidney and urine (showing the highest levels), but no chloramphenicol was found in the liver. At the lowest dose, residues were below the MRPL in all tissues except in the urine. However, in the middle dose, residues were above the MRPL in all tissues except muscle, and at the highest dose in all matrices. This study proves that exposure of pigs to chloramphenicol in doses occurring naturally in straw could result in residues above the MRPL in plasma, kidney and especially urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitte Aspenström-Fagerlund
- a Department of Risk-Benefit Assessment, Division of Science , National Food Agency (NFA) , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Erik Nordkvist
- b Department of Chemistry, Environment and Feed Hygiene , National Veterinary Institute (NVI) , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Anna Törnkvist
- c Department of Chemistry , Science division , NFA , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Per Wallgren
- d Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies , NVI , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Ron Hoogenboom
- e RIKILT - Wageningen, University and Research centre , Wageningen , the Netherlands
| | - Bjorn Berendsen
- e RIKILT - Wageningen, University and Research centre , Wageningen , the Netherlands
| | - Kristina Granelli
- c Department of Chemistry , Science division , NFA , Uppsala , Sweden
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Nordkvist E, Zuidema T, Herbes RG, Berendsen BJA. Occurrence of chloramphenicol in cereal straw in north-western Europe. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:798-803. [PMID: 27101357 PMCID: PMC4867856 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1176450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Two surveys are presented of straw analysed for naturally occurring chloramphenicol (CAP), a drug banned for use in food-producing animals. In the first study, CAP was analysed by LC-MS/MS and detected in 37 out of 105 straw samples originating from the Netherlands, France, the UK, Germany and Denmark. The highest level found was 6.3 µg kg(-1), the average 0.6 µg kg(-1) and the median 0.2 µg kg(-1). The second study included a method comparison between ELISA and LC-MS/MS and a survey of CAP in cereal straw sampled at farms in all areas of Sweden. A total of 215 samples were screened by ELISA and a subset of 26 samples was also analysed by LC-MS/MS. Fifty-four of the samples contained more than 1 µg kg(-1) CAP and the highest level found was 32 µg kg(-1) (confirmed by LC-MS/MS). The highest contents of CAP in this study were allocated to the Baltic sea coast in the south-eastern part of Sweden (the county of Skåne and the Baltic Sea isle of Gotland). These results indicate a high incidence of CAP in straw in north-west Europe and have a severe impact on the enforcement of European Union legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Nordkvist
- a Department of Chemistry, Environment and Feed Safety , National Veterinary Institute, SVA , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Tina Zuidema
- b Department of Veterinary Drugs Residue Analysis , RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research centre , Wageningen , the Netherlands
| | - Rik G Herbes
- c Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - Bjorn J A Berendsen
- b Department of Veterinary Drugs Residue Analysis , RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research centre , Wageningen , the Netherlands
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46
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Rola JG, Czubkowska A, Korpysa-Dzirba W, Osek J. Occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus on Farms with Small Scale Production of Raw Milk Cheeses in Poland. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:E62. [PMID: 26950152 PMCID: PMC4810207 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the results of a 3-year study on the prevalence, enterotoxinogenicity and resistance to antimicrobials of S. aureus isolated on dairy farms with small scale production of raw cow milk cheeses. The samples of raw milk, semi-finished products and the final products as well as swabs were collected between 2011 and 2013 from nine dairy farms in Poland. A total of 244 samples were examined, of which 122 (50.0%) were contaminated with S. aureus including 18 of 26 (69.2%) mature cheese samples with log10 CFU g(-1) between <1- and 7.41. In swabs collected from the staff and production environment the highest contamination rate with coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS) was detected on hands of cheese makers (4.34 log10 CFU/swab). None of the cheese samples contaminated with CPS contained staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs). However, 55 of 122 (45.1%) S. aureus isolates possessed SEs genes, mainly (26 of 55; 47.3%) a combination of the sed, sej and ser genes. Furthermore, the sep (15 of 55; 27.3%) as well as seg and sei (9 of 55; 16.4%) genes were also identified. The remaining S. aureus isolates possessed the sea gene (one isolate), the combination of sec, seg and sei (three isolates) as well as the sed, sej, sep and ser markers together (one CPS). Resistance to penicillin (62 of 122 isolates; 50.8%) was the most common among the tested isolates. Some CPS were also resistant to chloramphenicol (7; 5.7%) and tetracycline (5; 4.1%). The obtained results indicated that the analyzed cheeses were safe for consumers. To improve the microbiological quality of traditional cheese products more attention should be paid to animal welfare and hygiene practices during the process of cheese manufacturing in some dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta G Rola
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal Origin, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Anna Czubkowska
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal Origin, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Weronika Korpysa-Dzirba
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal Origin, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Jacek Osek
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal Origin, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
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Ojo OE, Fabusoro E, Majasan AA, Dipeolu MA. Antimicrobials in animal production: usage and practices among livestock farmers in Oyo and Kaduna States of Nigeria. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015; 48:189-97. [PMID: 26526955 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0939-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobials have proven to be important for sustainable livestock production by their use as growth promoters and in the control of animal infections. However, injudicious use of antimicrobials could accelerate the emergence and spread of resistant bacterial strains with attendant socioeconomic and public health issues. This work assessed antimicrobial usage in animal production with emphasis on usage and practices by livestock producers in Oyo and Kaduna States of Nigeria. Data on antimicrobial usage were collected through interviews, questionnaire and focus group discussions. Four hundred and fifty-four farmers in 11 communities within 11 Local Government Areas of Oyo and Kaduna States of Nigeria were sampled in a multi-stage sampling procedure. The study showed that antimicrobial agents were widely distributed, readily accessible and commonly used in animal production. Fluoroquinolones and other critically important antimicrobials for human medicine were widely used in animals as prophylactics. Potentially harmful antimicrobials including furazolidones and chloramphenicol already banned for use in humans and animals were freely marketed and used in livestock production. Most of the respondents believed that veterinarians should be responsible for the administration of antimicrobials to animals, but in practice, they buy and administer antimicrobials without consulting veterinary professionals. It was observed that the ready availability of antimicrobial agents promoted the use of antimicrobials in livestock production and may encourage non-adherence to hygienic principles and management laxity in farm operations. The non-involvement of veterinary professionals and laboratory investigations in disease diagnosis prior to antimicrobial use could lead to improper usage that contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial strains. Responsible antimicrobial stewardship and strict regulations are vital to prolonging the benefits derivable from the use of antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufemi Ernest Ojo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Eniola Fabusoro
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, College of Agricultural Management and Rural Development, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | | | - Morenike Atinuke Dipeolu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Reproduction, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Sniegocki T, Gbylik-Sikorska M, Posyniak A. Transfer of chloramphenicol from milk to commercial dairy products – Experimental proof. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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49
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Improved detection of multiple environmental antibiotics through an optimized sample extraction strategy in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:9071-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9074-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hanekamp JC, Bast A. Antibiotics exposure and health risks: chloramphenicol. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:213-20. [PMID: 25528412 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The antibiotic chloramphenicol (CAP) is banned from food production. Besides being a medicinal product, CAP is also a natural product, produced by Streptomyces Venezuelae. The lack of scientific data hampers setting of an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI). Consequently, a maximum residue limit (MRL) in food could not be established. This was then translated into a zero tolerance using the so-called Minimum Required Performance Limit (MRPL) level, viz. the achievable detection limit in food, to guide the zero tolerance policy. The MRPL is clearly not relevant to food safety and human health but is solely related to analytical technological capabilities. The increase in the latter enables detection at ever-lower levels and ignores toxicological relevance. We here provide arguments to use a Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) for CAP that can accommodate developing toxicological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap C Hanekamp
- Science Department, University College Roosevelt, P.O. Box 94, 4330 AB Middelburg, the Netherlands; Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA; Chair Working Group Chemical Food Safety of the Global Harmonization Initiative (GHI).
| | - Aalt Bast
- Department of Toxicology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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