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Zhao J, Qiu Y, Yi F, Li J, Wang X, Fu Q, Fu X, Yao Z, Dai Z, Qiu Y, Chen H. Biochar dose-dependent impacts on soil bacterial and fungal diversity across the globe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172509. [PMID: 38642749 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Biochar, a widely used material for soil amendment, has been found to offer numerous advantages in improving soil properties and the habitats for soil microorganisms. However, there is still a lack of global perspectives on the influence of various levels of biochar addition on soil microbial diversity and primary components. Thus, in our study, we performed a global meta-analysis of studies to determine how different doses of biochar affect soil total carbon (C), nitrogen (N), pH, alpha- and beta-diversity, and the major phyla of both bacterial and fungal communities. Our results revealed that biochar significantly increased soil pH by 4 %, soil total C and N by 68 % and 22 %, respectively, in which the positive effects increased with biochar doses. Moreover, biochar promoted soil bacterial richness and evenness by 3-8 % at the biochar concentrations of 1-5 % (w/w), while dramatically shifting bacterial beta-diversity at the doses of >2 % (w/w). Specifically, biochar exhibited significantly positive effects on bacterial phyla of Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, and Proteobacteria, especially Deltaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, by 4-10 % depending on the concentrations. On the contrary, the bacterial phylum of Verrucomicrobia and fungal phylum of Basidiomycota showed significant negative responses to biochar by -8 % and -24 %, respectively. Therefore, our meta-analysis provides theoretical support for the development of optimized agricultural management practices by emphasizing biochar application dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Yingbo Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Fan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Qi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Xianheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Zhongmin Dai
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yunpeng Qiu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Huaihai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
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Krzyszczak-Turczyn A, Dybowski MP, Kończak M, Oleszczuk P, Czech B. Increased concentration of PAH derivatives in biochar-amended soil observed in a long-term experiment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133159. [PMID: 38061130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
During biochar preparation or application some toxic substances may be formed. The established limitations of the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) aim to monitor the fate of PAHs in the life cycle of biochar. The latest studies have revealed that besides PAHs, some of their derivatives with confirmed toxicity are formed. There has been no policy regards PAH derivatives in biochar yet. The aim of the presented studies was the estimation the changes in the content of PAHs and their derivatives during the agricultural application of biochar. A pot experiment with grass revealed that in a short time, both the content of PAHs and their derivatives was reduced. Similarly, when biochar was added to soil in a long-term experiment, the content of determined derivatives was below the limit of detection, whereas interestingly, the content of pristine PAHs increased with time. Co-addition of biochar and sewage sludge increased the content of PAHs and their derivatives indicating potential environmental hazard due to their presence. However, the key point is the estimation of the bioavailability of PAHs and their derivatives as only the bioavailable fraction is revealing the environmental hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Krzyszczak-Turczyn
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał P Dybowski
- Department of Chromatography, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Sklodowska University in Lublin, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kończak
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, ul. Kraśnicka 2cd, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bożena Czech
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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Gurtler JB, Garner CM, Mullen CA, Vinyard BT. Minimum Concentrations of Slow Pyrolysis Paper and Walnut Hull Cyclone Biochars Needed to Inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Soil. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100210. [PMID: 38158047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial properties of biochar have been attributed to its ability to inactivate foodborne pathogens in soil, to varying degrees. High concentrations of biochar have reduced E. coli O157:H7 in soil and dairy manure compost, based on alkaline pH. Preliminary studies evaluating 31 different biochars determined that two slow pyrolysis biochars (paper biochar and walnut hull cyclone biochar) were the most effective at inactivating E. coli in soil. A study was conducted to determine the lowest percentages of paper and walnut hull cyclone biochars needed to reduce E. coli O157:H7 in soil. A model soil was adjusted to 17.75% moisture, and the two types of biochar were added at concentrations of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5%. Nontoxigenic E. coli O157:H7 were inoculated into soil at 6.84 log CFU/g and stored for up to 6 weeks at 21°C. Mean E. coli O157:H7 counts were 6.01-6.86 log CFU/g at all weeks between 1 and 6 in soil-only positive control samples. Populations in all soil amended with 1.0 and 1.5% of either type of biochar (as well as 2.0% of the walnut hull biochar) resulted in ≤0.68 log reductions at week 6, when compared with positive controls. All other concentrations (i.e., ≥2.0% paper and ≥2.5% walnut hull) inactivated ≥2.7 log at all weeks between 1 and 6 (p < 0.05). At the end of 6 weeks, E. coli O157:H7 declined by 2.84 log in 2.0% paper biochar samples, while concentrations of between 2.5 and 6.5% paper biochar completely inactivated E. coli O157:H7, as determined by spiral plating, at weeks 5 and 6. In contrast, 2.0% walnut hull biochar lowered populations by only 0.38 log at week 6, although 2.5-6.5% concentrations of walnut hull biochar resulted in complete inactivation at all weeks between 3 and 6, as assessed by spiral plating. In summary, ≥2.5% paper or walnut hull biochar reduced ≥5.0 log of E. coli O157:H7 during the 6-week storage period, which we attribute to high soil alkalinity. Amended at a 2.5% concentration, the pH of soil with paper or walnut hull biochar was 10.67 and 10.06, respectively. Results from this study may assist growers in the use of alkaline biochar for inactivating E. coli O157:H7 in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Gurtler
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038-8551, USA.
| | - Christina M Garner
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038-8551, USA
| | - Charles A Mullen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038-8551, USA
| | - Bryan T Vinyard
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northeast Area, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Bldg. 003, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
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Viotti P, Marzeddu S, Antonucci A, Décima MA, Lovascio P, Tatti F, Boni MR. Biochar as Alternative Material for Heavy Metal Adsorption from Groundwaters: Lab-Scale (Column) Experiment Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:809. [PMID: 38399060 PMCID: PMC10890072 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this manuscript is to present a review of laboratory experiments (including methodology and results) that use biochar, a specific carbon obtained by a pyrolysis process from different feedstocks, as an alternative material for heavy metal adsorption from groundwater. In recent years, many studies have been conducted regarding the application of innovative materials to water decontamination to develop a more sustainable approach to remediation processes. The use of biochar for groundwater remediation has particularly attracted the interest of researchers because it permits the reuse of materials that would be otherwise disposed of, in accordance with circular economy, and reduces the generation of greenhouse gases if compared to the use of virgin materials. A review of the different approaches and results reported in the current literature could be useful because when applying remediation technologies at the field scale, a preliminary phase in which the suitability of the adsorbent is evaluated at the lab scale is often necessary. This paper is therefore organised with a short description of the involved metals and of the biochar production and composition. A comprehensive analysis of the current knowledge related to the use of biochar in groundwater remediation at the laboratory scale to obtain the characteristic parameters of the process that are necessary for the upscaling of the technology at the field scale is also presented. An overview of the results achieved using different experimental conditions, such as the chemical properties and dosage of biochar as well as heavy metal concentrations with their different values of pH, is reported. At the end, numerical studies useful for the interpretation of the experiment results are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Viotti
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Marzeddu
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Antonucci
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - María Alejandra Décima
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Lovascio
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Tatti
- National Centre of Waste and Circular Economy, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Boni
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
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Conrado AC, Demetrio WC, Stanton DWG, Bartz MLC, James SW, Santos A, da Silva E, Ferreira T, Acioli ANS, Ferreira AC, Maia LS, Silva TAC, Lavelle P, Velasquez E, Tapia-Coral SC, Muniz AW, Segalla RF, Decaëns T, Nadolny HS, Peña-Venegas CP, Pasini A, de Oliveira Júnior RC, Kille P, Brown GG, Cunha L. Amazonian earthworm biodiversity is heavily impacted by ancient and recent human disturbance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165087. [PMID: 37379924 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of earthworms for soil formation, more is needed to know about how Pre-Columbian modifications to soils and the landscape. Gaining a deeper understanding is essential for comprehending the historical drivers of earthworm communities and the development of effective conservation strategies in the Amazon rainforest. Human disturbance can significantly impact earthworm diversity, especially in rainforest soils, and in the particular case of the Amazonian rainforest, both recent and ancient anthropic practices may be important. Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are fertile soils found throughout the Amazon Basin, created by sedentary habits and intensification patterns of pre-Colombian societies primarily developed in the second part of the Holocene period. We have sampled earthworm communities in three Brazilian Amazonian (ADEs) and adjacent reference soils (REF) under old and young forests and monocultures. To better assess taxonomic richness, we used morphology and the barcode region of the COI gene to identify juveniles and cocoons and delimit Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs). Here we suggest using Integrated Operational Taxonomical units (IOTUs) which combine both morphological and molecular data and provide a more comprehensive assessment of diversity, while MOTUs only rely on molecular data. A total of 970 individuals were collected, resulting in 51 taxonomic units (IOTUs, MOTUs, and morphospecies combined). From this total, 24 taxonomic units were unique to REF soils, 17 to ADEs, and ten were shared between both soils. The highest richness was found in old forest sites for ADEs (12 taxonomic units) and REFs (21 taxonomic units). The beta-diversity calculations reveal a high species turnover between ADEs and REF soils, providing evidence that ADEs and REFs possess distinct soil biota. Furthermore, results suggest that ADE sites, formed by Pre-Columbian human activities, conserve a high number of native species in the landscape and maintain a high abundance, despite their long-term nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Conrado
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Wilian C Demetrio
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil
| | | | - Marie L C Bartz
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Samuel W James
- Maharishi International University, Fairfield, IA 52557, United States
| | - Alessandra Santos
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil
| | | | - Talita Ferreira
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Agno N S Acioli
- Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM 69067-005, Brazil
| | - Alexandre C Ferreira
- Entomology Department, Federal University of Paraná, 81530-900 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lilianne S Maia
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Telma A C Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Patrick Lavelle
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Cali 763537, Colombia
| | - Elena Velasquez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Palmira 32 #12-00, Colombia
| | | | - Aleksander W Muniz
- Entomology Department, Federal University of Paraná, 81530-900 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Manaus, AM 69010-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F Segalla
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Thibaud Decaëns
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Herlon S Nadolny
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil
| | | | - Amarildo Pasini
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
| | | | - Peter Kille
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF103AT, United Kingdom
| | - George G Brown
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil; Embrapa Florestas, Colombo, PR 83411-000, Brazil
| | - Luís Cunha
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd CF374BD, United Kingdom.
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Tran HT, Bolan NS, Lin C, Binh QA, Nguyen MK, Luu TA, Le VG, Pham CQ, Hoang HG, Vo DVN. Succession of biochar addition for soil amendment and contaminants remediation during co-composting: A state of art review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 342:118191. [PMID: 37210821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper aimed to highlight the succession of biochar addition for soil amendment and contaminants remediation during composting process. Biochar incorporated into the compost mixture promotes composting performance and enhances contaminants reduction. Co-composting with biochar for soil biota has been demonstrated via modified soil biological community abundance and diversity. On the other hand, adverse alterations to soil properties were noted, which had a negative impact on the communication of microbe-to-plant interactions within the rhizosphere. As a result, these changes influenced the competition between soilborne pathogens and beneficial soil microorganisms. Co-composting with biochar promoted the heavy metals (HMs) remediation efficiency in contaminated soils by around 66-95%. Notably, applying biochar during composting could improve nutrient retention and mitigate leaching. The adsorption of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus compounds by biochar can be applied to manage environmental contamination and presents an excellent opportunity to enhance soil quality. Additionally, the various specific functional groups and large specific surface areas of biochar allow for excellent adsorption of persistent pollutants (e.g., pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)) and emerging organic pollutants, such as microplastic, phthalate acid esters (PAEs) during co-composting. Finally, future perspectives, research gaps, and recommendations for further studies are highlighted, and potential opportunities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu-Tuan Tran
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Management, Science and Technology Advanced Institute, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Chitsan Lin
- Program in Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Quach An Binh
- Department of Academic Affair and Testing, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa, Dong Nai, 810000, Viet Nam
| | - Minh-Ky Nguyen
- Program in Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan; Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nong Lam University of Ho Chi Minh City, Hamlet 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - The Anh Luu
- Central Institute for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 111000, Viet Nam
| | - Van-Giang Le
- Central Institute for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 111000, Viet Nam
| | - Cham Q Pham
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam
| | - Hong-Giang Hoang
- Faculty of Medicine, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa, Dong Nai, 810000, Viet Nam
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam.
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Neina D, Agyarko-Mintah E. The Terra Preta Model soil for sustainable sedentary yam production in West Africa. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15896. [PMID: 37168885 PMCID: PMC10165410 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Current declines in yam yields amidst increasing cultivated areas, land scarcity, and population surges call for more sustainable sedentary yam production systems. This study explored the nature of Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) as a basis for the formation of a related soil type known as the Terra Preta Model (TPM) soil for future sedentary yam systems. It builds on the influence of human beings in soil management and the formation of Anthrosols. Previous studies on the ADEs and biochar were synthesized to establish the fundamental assumptions required to form the TPM soil. The practical approach to forming the TPM soils is based on the intentional, integrated and prolonged use of biochar, municipal solid wastes, agro-industry wastes and products of ecological sanitation. Tillage options such as mounding, ridging, trenching and sack farming could be used for yam production on the TPM soils. Unlike natural soils, the longevity of ADE fertility is subject to debate depending on crops grown and cropping cycles. Therefore, a crop rotation plan is recommended to maintain the fertility of the TPM soils. The TPM soils, if adopted, are considered worthwhile for the long-term benefit of biodiversity conservation, efficient waste management, enhanced ecosystem services provided by soils and extensive adoption of ecological sanitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Neina
- Department of Soil Science, P.O. Box LG 245, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Corresponding author.
| | - Eunice Agyarko-Mintah
- Biotechnology & Nuclear Agricultural Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P. O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Aziz S, Bibi S, Hasan MM, Biswas P, Ali MI, Bilal M, Chopra H, Mukerjee N, Maitra S. A review on influence of biochar amendment on soil processes and environmental remediation. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-35. [PMID: 36747352 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2122288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is the thermal degradation product of biomass generated in an oxygen-limited environment under different pyrolysis conditions. Biochar characteristics are functions of the feedstock material and pyrolysis temperature. Depending on pyrolysis conditions biochar concentrates varying quantities of recalcitrant and labile carbon along with nutrients which in turn affect soil physiochemical properties and microbial processes. Biochar in soil balances carbon content encourages nitrogen fixation and solubilize phosphorus along with enhancing soil enzyme activity. It serves as a microhabitat for microorganisms present in soil thus influences the diversity, composition, and distribution of soil microbial communities by affecting their intra- and interspecific communication. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge about biochar characteristics, its interactions with soil, and associated biota and its role in soil remediation. In addition, this paper also discussed the factors affecting the capacity of biochar to adsorb organic pollutants following different mechanisms. Being an effective adsorbent due its high specific surface area, large porosity, and numerous surface functional groups biochar has been explored extensively in field of environment to remediate contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Aziz
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid I Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Partha Biswas
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore, Bangladesh
| | | | - Muhammad Bilal
- Faculty of Management Sciences, Riphah International University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Swastika Maitra
- Department of Microbiology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Benga, India
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Park I, Seo YS, Mannaa M. Recruitment of the rhizo-microbiome army: assembly determinants and engineering of the rhizosphere microbiome as a key to unlocking plant potential. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1163832. [PMID: 37213524 PMCID: PMC10196466 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1163832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The viable community of microorganisms in the rhizosphere significantly impacts the physiological development and vitality of plants. The assembly and functional capacity of the rhizosphere microbiome are greatly influenced by various factors within the rhizosphere. The primary factors are the host plant genotype, developmental stage and status, soil properties, and resident microbiota. These factors drive the composition, dynamics, and activity of the rhizosphere microbiome. This review addresses the intricate interplay between these factors and how it facilitates the recruitment of specific microbes by the host plant to support plant growth and resilience under stress. This review also explores current methods for engineering and manipulating the rhizosphere microbiome, including host plant-mediated manipulation, soil-related methods, and microbe-mediated methods. Advanced techniques to harness the plant's ability to recruit useful microbes and the promising use of rhizo-microbiome transplantation are highlighted. The goal of this review is to provide valuable insights into the current knowledge, which will facilitate the development of cutting-edge strategies for manipulating the rhizosphere microbiome for enhanced plant growth and stress tolerance. The article also indicates promising avenues for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmyoung Park
- School of Food and Culinary Arts, Youngsan University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Young-Su Seo
| | - Mohamed Mannaa
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Mohamed Mannaa
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10
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Kapinusova G, Jani K, Smrhova T, Pajer P, Jarosova I, Suman J, Strejcek M, Uhlik O. Culturomics of Bacteria from Radon-Saturated Water of the World's Oldest Radium Mine. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0199522. [PMID: 36000901 PMCID: PMC9602452 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01995-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Balneotherapeutic water springs, such as those with thermal, saline, sulfur, or any other characteristics, have recently been the subject of phylogenetic studies with a closer focus on the description and/or isolation of phylogenetically novel or biotechnologically interesting microorganisms. Generally, however, most such microorganisms are rarely obtained in pure culture or are even, for now, unculturable under laboratory conditions. In this culture-dependent study of radioactive water springs of Jáchymov (Joachimstahl), Czech Republic, we investigated a combination of classical cultivation approaches with those imitating sampling source conditions. Using these environmentally relevant cultivation approaches, over 1,000 pure cultures were successfully isolated from 4 radioactive springs. Subsequent dereplication yielded 121 unique taxonomic units spanning 44 genera and 9 taxonomic classes, ~10% of which were identified as hitherto undescribed taxa. Genomes of the latter were sequenced and analyzed, with a special focus on endogenous defense systems to withstand oxidative stress and aid in radiotolerance. Due to their origin from radioactive waters, we determined the resistance of the isolates to oxidative stress. Most of the isolates were more resistant to menadione than the model strain Deinococcus radiodurans DSM 20539T. Moreover, isolates of the Deinococcacecae, Micrococcaceae, Bacillaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae families even exhibited higher resistance in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. In summary, our culturomic analysis shows that subsurface water springs contain diverse bacterial populations, including as-yet-undescribed taxa and strains with promising biotechnological potential. Furthermore, this study suggests that environmentally relevant cultivation techniques increase the efficiency of cultivation, thus enhancing the chance of isolating hitherto uncultured microorganisms. IMPORTANCE The mine Svornost in Jáchymov (Joachimstahl), Czech Republic is a former silver-uranium mine and the world's first and for a long time only radium mine, nowadays the deepest mine devoted to the extraction of water which is saturated with radon and has therapeutic benefits given its chemical properties. This healing water, which is approximately 13 thousand years old, is used under medical supervision for the treatment of patients with neurological and rheumatic disorders. Our culturomic approach using low concentrations of growth substrates or the environmental matrix itself (i.e., water filtrate) in culturing media combined with prolonged cultivation time resulted in the isolation of a broad spectrum of microorganisms from 4 radioactive springs of Jáchymov which are phylogenetically novel and/or bear various adaptive or coping mechanisms to thrive under selective pressure and can thus provide a wide spectrum of capabilities potentially exploitable in diverse scientific, biotechnological, or medical disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Kapinusova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kunal Jani
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Smrhova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pajer
- Military Health Institute, Ministry of Defence of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Jarosova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jachym Suman
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Strejcek
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Uhlik
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
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11
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Bao J, Li J, Jiang L, Mei W, Song M, Huang D, Luo C, Zhang G. New insight into the mechanism underlying the effect of biochar on phenanthrene degradation in contaminated soil revealed through DNA-SIP. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129466. [PMID: 35803194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has been widely used for the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soil, but its mechanism of influencing PAH biodegradation remains unclear. Here, DNA-stable isotope probing coupled with high-throughput sequencing was employed to assess its influence on phenanthrene (PHE) degradation, the active PHE-degrading microbial community and PAH-degradation genes (PAH-RHDα). Our results show that both Low-BC and High-BC (soils amended with 1 % and 4 % w/w biochar, respectively) treatments significantly decreased PHE biodegradation and bioavailable concentrations with a dose-dependent effect compared to Non-BC treatment (soils without biochar). This result could be attributed to the immobilisation of PHE and alteration of the composition and abundance of the PHE-degrading microbial consortium by biochar. Active PHE degraders were identified, and those in the Non-BC, Low-BC and High-BC microcosms differed taxonomically. Sphaerobacter, unclassified Diplorickettsiaceae, Pseudonocardia, and Planctomyces were firstly linked with PHE biodegradation. Most importantly, the abundances of PHE degraders and PAH-RHDα genes in the 13C-enriched DNA fractions of biochar-amended soils were greatly attenuated, and were significantly positively correlated with PHE biodegradation. Our findings provide a novel perspective on PAH biodegradation mechanisms in biochar-treated soils, and expand the understanding of the biodiversity of microbes involved in PAH biodegradation in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangqiao Bao
- Joint Institute for Environmental Research and Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jibing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Longfei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Weiping Mei
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Institute of Beibu Gulf Marine Industry, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Mengke Song
- Joint Institute for Environmental Research and Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Deyin Huang
- Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunling Luo
- Joint Institute for Environmental Research and Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
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12
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Mukherjee S, Sarkar B, Aralappanavar VK, Mukhopadhyay R, Basak BB, Srivastava P, Marchut-Mikołajczyk O, Bhatnagar A, Semple KT, Bolan N. Biochar-microorganism interactions for organic pollutant remediation: Challenges and perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119609. [PMID: 35700879 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Numerous harmful chemicals are introduced every year in the environment through anthropogenic and geological activities raising global concerns of their ecotoxicological effects and decontamination strategies. Biochar technology has been recognized as an important pillar for recycling of biomass, contributing to the carbon capture and bioenergy industries, and remediation of contaminated soil, sediments and water. This paper aims to critically review the application potential of biochar with a special focus on the synergistic and antagonistic effects on contaminant-degrading microorganisms in single and mixed-contaminated systems. Owing to the high specific surface area, porous structure, and compatible surface chemistry, biochar can support the proliferation and activity of contaminant-degrading microorganisms. A combination of biochar and microorganisms to remove a variety of contaminants has gained popularity in recent years alongside traditional chemical and physical remediation technologies. The microbial compatibility of biochar can be improved by optimizing the surface parameters so that toxic pollutant release is minimized, biofilm formation is encouraged, and microbial populations are enhanced. Biocompatible biochar thus shows potential in the bioremediation of organic contaminants by harboring microbial populations, releasing contaminant-degrading enzymes, and protecting beneficial microorganisms from immediate toxicity of surrounding contaminants. This review recommends that biochar-microorganism co-deployment holds a great potential for the removal of contaminants thereby reducing the risk of organic contaminants to human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Mukherjee
- School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Raj Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - B B Basak
- ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Anand 387310, India
| | | | - Olga Marchut-Mikołajczyk
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Ul. Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537, Łódź, Poland
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, Mikkeli, FI-50130, Finland
| | - Kirk T Semple
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
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13
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Singh U, Choudhary AK, Sharma S. A 3-year field study reveals that agri-management practices drive the dynamics of dominant bacterial taxa in the rhizosphere of Cajanus cajan. Symbiosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-022-00834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Brtnicky M, Datta R, Holatko J, Bielska L, Gusiatin ZM, Kucerik J, Hammerschmiedt T, Danish S, Radziemska M, Mravcova L, Fahad S, Kintl A, Sudoma M, Ahmed N, Pecina V. A critical review of the possible adverse effects of biochar in the soil environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 796:148756. [PMID: 34273836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has received extensive attention because of its multi-functionality for agricultural and environmental applications. Despite its many benefits, there are concerns related to the long-term safety and implications of its application, mainly because the mechanisms affecting soil and organism health are poorly quantified and understood. This work reviews 259 sources and summarises existing knowledge on biochar's adverse effects on soil from a multiangle perspective, including the physicochemical changes in soil, reduced efficiency of agrochemicals, potentially toxic substances in biochar, and effects on soil biota. Suggestions are made for mitigation measures. Mixed findings are often reported; however, the results suggest that high doses of biochar in clay soils are likely to decrease available water content, and surface application of biochar to sandy soils likely increases erosion and particulate matter emissions. Furthermore, biochar may increase the likelihood of excessive soil salinity and decreased soil fertility because of an increase in the pH of alkaline soils causing nutrient precipitation. Regarding the impact of biochar on (agro)chemicals and the role of biochar-borne toxic substances, these factors cannot be neglected because of their apparent undesirable effects on target and non-target organisms, respectively. Concerning non-target biota, adverse effects on reproduction, growth, and DNA integrity of earthworms have been reported along with effects on soil microbiome such as a shift in the fungi-to-bacteria ratio. Given the diversity of effects that biochar may induce in soil, guidelines for future biochar use should adopt a structured and holistic approach that considers all positive and negative effects of biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Brtnicky
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Geology and Soil Science, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 3, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Holatko
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bielska
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, Czech Republic; Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Zygmunt M Gusiatin
- Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna St. 45G, 10 719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jiri Kucerik
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Hammerschmiedt
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Geology and Soil Science, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 3, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Subhan Danish
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab 60800, Pakistan; Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Maja Radziemska
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ludmila Mravcova
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Department of Agronomy, the University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22620, Pakistan
| | - Antonin Kintl
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, Czech Republic; Agricultural Research, Ltd., 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Sudoma
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Niaz Ahmed
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab 60800, Pakistan
| | - Vaclav Pecina
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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15
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Zheng J, Zhang J, Gao L, Wang R, Gao J, Dai Y, Li W, Shen G, Kong F, Zhang J. Effect of straw biochar amendment on tobacco growth, soil properties, and rhizosphere bacterial communities. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20727. [PMID: 34671040 PMCID: PMC8528891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar is an effective soil conditioner. However, we have limited understanding of biochar effects on the tobacco growth and bacterial communities in rhizosphere. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different straw biochar amendment (0, 2, 10, and 50 g/kg dry soil) on tobacco growth, soil properties, and bacterial communities in rhizosphere by pot trials. Most of tobacco agronomic traits increased when the application rate varied from 0 to 10 g/kg, but were inhibited by 50 g/kg of biochar application. Soil pH, SOC, available nutrients and soil urease, invertase, and acid phosphatase activities were all increased with the biochar application, whereas catalase activity decreased or remained unchanged. The OTUs and bacterial community diversity indices differed with the biochar application doses in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils. And significant differences in bacterial communities were found between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils despite the biochar addition. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla in all soil samples, but they had different abundances in different treatment influenced by the rhizosphere and biochar effect. The high dose of biochar (50 g/kg) decreased the similarity of soil bacterial community structure in rhizosphere compared with those in non-rhizosphere soil. These results provide a better understanding of the microecological benefits of straw biochar in tobacco ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zheng
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixu Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
- Kunming Tobacco Company, Kunming, 651500, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Gao
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Tobacco Company of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Gao
- Tobacco Company of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchen Dai
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- China Tobacco Jiangsu Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210019, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoming Shen
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanyu Kong
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiguang Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Demetrio WC, Conrado AC, Acioli ANS, Ferreira AC, Bartz MLC, James SW, da Silva E, Maia LS, Martins GC, Macedo RS, Stanton DWG, Lavelle P, Velasquez E, Zangerlé A, Barbosa R, Tapia‐Coral SC, Muniz AW, Santos A, Ferreira T, Segalla RF, Decaëns T, Nadolny HS, Peña‐Venegas CP, Maia CMBF, Pasini A, Mota AF, Taube Júnior PS, Silva TAC, Rebellato L, de Oliveira Júnior RC, Neves EG, Lima HP, Feitosa RM, Vidal Torrado P, McKey D, Clement CR, Shock MP, Teixeira WG, Motta ACV, Melo VF, Dieckow J, Garrastazu MC, Chubatsu LS, Kille P, Brown GG, Cunha L. A "Dirty" Footprint: Macroinvertebrate diversity in Amazonian Anthropic Soils. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4575-4591. [PMID: 34118093 PMCID: PMC9292437 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amazonian rainforests, once thought to be pristine wilderness, are increasingly known to have been widely inhabited, modified, and managed prior to European arrival, by human populations with diverse cultural backgrounds. Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are fertile soils found throughout the Amazon Basin, created by pre-Columbian societies with sedentary habits. Much is known about the chemistry of these soils, yet their zoology has been neglected. Hence, we characterized soil fertility, macroinvertebrate communities, and their activity at nine archeological sites in three Amazonian regions in ADEs and adjacent reference soils under native forest (young and old) and agricultural systems. We found 673 morphospecies and, despite similar richness in ADEs (385 spp.) and reference soils (399 spp.), we identified a tenacious pre-Columbian footprint, with 49% of morphospecies found exclusively in ADEs. Termite and total macroinvertebrate abundance were higher in reference soils, while soil fertility and macroinvertebrate activity were higher in the ADEs, and associated with larger earthworm quantities and biomass. We show that ADE habitats have a unique pool of species, but that modern land use of ADEs decreases their populations, diversity, and contributions to soil functioning. These findings support the idea that humans created and sustained high-fertility ecosystems that persist today, altering biodiversity patterns in Amazonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilian C. Demetrio
- Department of Soil ScienceFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
- Present address:
INPE – National Institute for Space ResearchSão José dos CamposSP12227‐010Brazil
| | - Ana C. Conrado
- Biochemistry DepartmentFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | | | | | - Marie L. C. Bartz
- Centre for Functional EcologyDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | | | | | - Lilianne S. Maia
- Department of Soil ScienceFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | | | | | - David W. G. Stanton
- Department of Bioinformatics and GeneticsSwedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholmSweden
| | | | | | - Anne Zangerlé
- Ministère de l’Agriculture, de la Viticulture et de la Protection des consommateursLuxembourgLuxembourg
| | | | | | | | - Alessandra Santos
- Department of Soil ScienceFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | - Talita Ferreira
- Department of Soil ScienceFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | | | - Thibaud Decaëns
- CEFEUniv MontpellierCNRSEPHEIRDUniv Paul‐Valéry MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Herlon S. Nadolny
- Department of Soil ScienceFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | | | | | | | - André F. Mota
- Biochemistry DepartmentFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo G. Neves
- Museu de Arqueologia e EtnologiaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | | | | | - Pablo Vidal Torrado
- Soil Science DepartmentEscola Superior de Agricultura Luís de QueirozUniversidade de São PauloPiracicabaSPBrazil
| | - Doyle McKey
- CEFEUniv MontpellierCNRSEPHEIRDUniv Paul‐Valéry MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | | | | | | | | | - Vander F. Melo
- Department of Soil ScienceFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | - Jeferson Dieckow
- Department of Soil ScienceFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | | | - Leda S. Chubatsu
- Biochemistry DepartmentFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | | | - Peter Kille
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCFUK
| | - George G. Brown
- Department of Soil ScienceFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
- Embrapa FlorestasColomboPRBrazil
| | - Luís Cunha
- Centre for Functional EcologyDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- School of Applied SciencesUniversity of South WalesPontypriddCFUK
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17
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Tian GL, Bi YM, Jiao XL, Zhang XM, Li JF, Niu FB, Gao WW. Application of vermicompost and biochar suppresses Fusarium root rot of replanted American ginseng. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6977-6991. [PMID: 34436649 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Soil sterilization integrated with agronomic measures is an effective method to reduce soilborne replant diseases. However, the effect of vermicompost or biochar application after soil sterilization on soilborne diseases is poorly understood. A pot experiment was conducted in American ginseng to investigate the effects of vermicompost (VF), biochar (BF), and a combination of vermicompost and biochar (VBF) applied after soil sterilization on the incidence of Fusarium root rot using natural recovery (F) as control. After one growing season, the disease index of root rot, the phenolic acids, and the microbial communities of American ginseng rhizosphere soil were analyzed. The disease index of VF, BF, and VBF decreased by 33.32%, 19.03%, and 80.96%, respectively, compared with F. The highest bacterial richness and diversity were observed in the rhizosphere soil of VBF. Besides, VF and VBF significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (Pseudomonas, Lysobacter, and Chryseolinea) in the rhizosphere soil. Higher concentrations of vanillin, one of the phenolic acids in the roots exudates, were recorded in the rhizosphere soils of BF and VBF. The vanillin concentration showed a significant negative correlation with the disease index. To conclude, vermicompost improved the beneficial bacteria of the rhizosphere soil, while biochar regulated the allelopathic effect of the phenolic acids. The study proposes a combined application of biochar and vermicompost to the rhizosphere soil to control Fusarium root rot of replanted American ginseng effectively. KEY POINTS: Vermicompost improves the relative abundance of rhizosphere beneficial bacteria. Biochar inhibits the degradation of phenolic acids by adsorption. The combination of vermicompost and biochar enhances the disease control effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gei-Lin Tian
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Heze University, Shandong Province, Heze, 274000, China
| | - Yan-Meng Bi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Jiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xi-Mei Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun-Fei Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fang-Bing Niu
- College of Business Administration, Heze University, Shandong Province, Heze, 274000, China
| | - Wei-Wei Gao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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18
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Gao W, Gao K, Guo Z, Liu Y, Jiang L, Liu C, Liu X, Wang G. Different Responses of Soil Bacterial and Fungal Communities to 3 Years of Biochar Amendment in an Alkaline Soybean Soil. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:630418. [PMID: 34122356 PMCID: PMC8187762 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.630418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar as a soil amendment has been regarded as a promising way to improve soil fertility. However, the response of microbial community after biochar and biochar compound fertilizer (BCF) application has not been thoroughly elucidated. This study evaluated the changes in abundance and composition of bacterial and fungal communities using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing. The field experiment ran for 3 years and comprised five treatments: chemical fertilizer as control (CK), straw-returning combined with chemical fertilizer (CS), low biochar application combined with chemical fertilizer (LB), high biochar application combined with chemical fertilizer (HB) and BCF. The results showed that biochar amendment results no changes in the abundance and diversity of bacteria in the bulk and rhizosphere soils. However, the abundance of soil fungi was significantly increased by biochar amendment (LB and HB). LB treatment significantly increased the fungal alpha diversity, while there was no significant change under HB. Furthermore, the dominant bacterial phyla found in the samples were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria. Biochar addition increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria in both bulk and rhizosphere soils. The dominant fungal phyla were Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Basidiomycota. The relative abundance of Ascomycota significantly decreased, but Mortierellomycota significantly increased in LB and HB. In addition, redundancy analysis indicated that the changes in bacterial and fungal communities are associated with soil properties such as SOC and TN, which are crucial contributors in regulating the community composition. This study is expected to provide significant theoretical and practical knowledge for the application of biochar in agricultural ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Ke Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Zonghao Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Li Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangli Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
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19
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Yıldızlı G, Coral G, Ayaz F. Biochar as a Biocompatible Mild Anti-Inflammatory Supplement for Animal Feed and Agricultural Fields. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2001002. [PMID: 33835673 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202001002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biochar is an organic material and high in carbon content, besides its use for energy purposes, it is also a material that serves the purpose of improving soil fertility, organic matter content of soils and removing heavy metals from water and soil. This study aims to investigate the antimicrobial effects of biochar whose beneficial effects on agricultural productivity has been proven by different studies. Scientific literature concerning the antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects of the apricot seed and olive seed biochar is limited. Biochar applications may help to alter the microbial diversity by modifying biological environment either in agriculture or in animal husbandry. Moreover, biochar has been used in animal husbandry to improve animal health especially by regulating the intestinal flora and inflammation in the intestines. Hence, in our study, we investigated the effect of biochar on the growth of Aspergillus niger, Cryphonectria parasitica, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Plenodomus tracheiphilus, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and two different bacteriophage strains. Biochar did not have any direct effect on the growth of either Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria, bacteriophages, and fungi. In order to test their direct effects on the immune cells, mammalian macrophages were used and biochar directly reduced the inflammatory cytokine levels produced by the in vitro activated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Yıldızlı
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Mersin University, 33343, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Coral
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Mersin University, 33343, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Furkan Ayaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Mersin University, 33343, Mersin, Turkey
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20
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Compost mixed fruits and vegetable waste biochar with ACC deaminase rhizobacteria can minimize lead stress in mint plants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6606. [PMID: 33758248 PMCID: PMC7988167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High lead (Pb) concentration in soils is becoming a severe threat to human health. It also deteriorates plants, growth, yield and quality of food. Although the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), biochar and compost can be effective environment-friendly amendments for decreasing Pb stress in crop plants, the impacts of their simultaneous co-application has not been well documented. Thus current study was carried, was conducted to investigate the role of rhizobacteria and compost mixed biochar (CB) under Pb stress on selected soil properties and agronomic parameters in mint (Mentha piperita L.) plants. To this end, six treatments were studied: Alcaligenes faecalis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, CB, PGPR1 + CB, PGPR2 + CB and control. Results showed that the application A. faecalis + CB significantly decreased soil pH and EC over control. However, OM, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration were significantly improved in the soil where A. faecalis + CB was applied over control. The A. faecalis + CB treatment significantly improved mint plant root dry weight (58%), leaves dry weight (32%), chlorophyll (37%), and N (46%), P (39%) and K (63%) leave concentration, while also decreasing the leaves Pb uptake by 13.5% when compared to the unamended control. In conclusion, A. faecalis + CB has a greater potential to improve overall soil quality, fertility and mint plant productivity under high Pb soil concentration compared to the sole application of CB and A. faecalis.
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21
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Gujre N, Soni A, Rangan L, Tsang DCW, Mitra S. Sustainable improvement of soil health utilizing biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115549. [PMID: 33246313 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conservation of soil health and crop productivity is the central theme for sustainable agriculture practices. It is unrealistic to expect that the burgeoning crop production demands will be met by a soil ecosystem that is increasingly unhealthy and constrained. Therefore, the present review is focused on soil amendment techniques, using biochar in combination with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which is an indispensable biotic component that maintains plant-soil continuum. Globally significant progress has been made in elucidating the physical and chemical properties of biochar; along with its role in carbon sequestration. Similarly, research advances on AMF include its evolutionary background, functions, and vital roles in the soil ecosystem. The present review deliberates on the premise that biochar and AMF have the potential to become cardinal to management of agro-ecosystems. The wider perspectives of various agronomical and environmental backgrounds are discussed. The present state of knowledge, different aspects and limitations of combined biochar and AMF applications (BC + AMF), mechanisms of interaction between biochar and AMF, effects on plant growth, challenges and future opportunities of BC + AMF applications are critically reviewed. Given the severely constrained nature of soil health, the roles of BC + AMF in agriculture, bioremediation and ecology have also been examined. In spite of the potential benefits, the functionality and dynamics of BC + AMF in soil are far from being fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Gujre
- Agro-ecotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Ankit Soni
- Agro-ecotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Latha Rangan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sudip Mitra
- Agro-ecotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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22
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Obregón Alvarez D, Mendes KF, Tosi M, Fonseca de Souza L, Campos Cedano JC, de Souza Falcão NP, Dunfield K, Tsai SM, Tornisielo VL. Sorption-desorption and biodegradation of sulfometuron-methyl and its effects on the bacterial communities in Amazonian soils amended with aged biochar. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111222. [PMID: 32890950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sulfometuron-methyl is a broad-spectrum herbicide, used throughout Brazil; however, its environmental impacts in biochar (BC) amended soils is not fully understood. Biochar is known to enhance soil quality but can also have undesired effects such as altering the bioavailability and behavior of herbicides. Microbial communities can degrade herbicides such as sulfometuron-methyl in soils; however, they are known to be affected by BC. Therefore, it is important to understand the tripartite interaction between these factors. This research aimed to evaluate the sorption-desorption and biodegradation of sulfometuron-methyl in Amazonian soils amended with BC, and to assess the effects of the interactions between BC and sulfometuron-methyl on soil bacterial communities. Soil samples were collected from field plots amended with BC at three doses (0, 40 and 80 t ha-1) applied ten years ago. The herbicide sorption and desorption were evaluated using a batch equilibrium method. Mineralization and biodegradation studies were conducted in microcosms incubated with 14C-sulfometuron-methyl for 80 days. Systematic soil sampling, followed by DNA extraction, quantification (qPCR) and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing were performed. The presence of BC increased the sorption of the herbicide to the soil by 11% (BC40) and 16% (BC80) compared to unamended soil. The presence of BC also affected the degradation of 14C-sulfometuron-methyl, reducing the mineralization rate and increasing the degradation half-life times (DT50) from 36.67 days in unamended soil to 52.11 and 55.45 days in BC40 and BC80 soils, respectively. The herbicide application altered the bacterial communities, affecting abundance and richness, and changing the taxonomic diversity (i.e., some taxa were promoted and other inhibited). A tripartite interaction was found between BC, the herbicide and soil bacterial communities, suggesting that it is important to consider the environmental impact of soil applied herbicides in biochar amended soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasiel Obregón Alvarez
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Centenário, N° 303, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil; School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Kassio Ferreira Mendes
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, S/n, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil.
| | - Micaela Tosi
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Leandro Fonseca de Souza
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Centenário, N° 303, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Johnny Carlos Campos Cedano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Av. André Araújo, 2936, Aleixo, Manaus, Amazonas, 69060-001, Brazil
| | - Newton Paulo de Souza Falcão
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Av. André Araújo, 2936, Aleixo, Manaus, Amazonas, 69060-001, Brazil
| | - Kari Dunfield
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Siu Mui Tsai
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Centenário, N° 303, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Valdemar Luiz Tornisielo
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Centenário, N° 303, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13400-970 Brazil
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23
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Li X, Wang T, Chang SX, Jiang X, Song Y. Biochar increases soil microbial biomass but has variable effects on microbial diversity: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:141593. [PMID: 32836127 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has been extensively studied as a soil amendment for carbon sequestration and for improving soil quality; however, a systematic understanding of the responses of soil microbial biomass and diversity to biochar addition is lacking. Here, a meta-analysis of 999 paired data points from 194 studies shows that biochar increases microbial biomass but has variable effects on microbial diversity. Generally, the effects of biochar on microbial biomass are dependent on biochar properties, while that on microbial diversity is dependent on soil properties. The application of biochar, particularly that produced under low temperature and from nutrient-rich feedstocks, could better increase soil microbial biomass (based on phospholipid fatty acid analysis (MBCPLFA)) and diversity. The increases of total microbial biomass with biochar addition are greater in the field than in laboratory studies, in sandy than in clay soils, and when measured by fumigation-extraction (MBCFE) than by MBCPLFA. The bacterial biomass only significantly increases in laboratory studies and fungal biomass only in soils with pH ≤ 7.5 and soil organic carbon ≤30 g kg-1. The increases in total microbial diversity with biochar addition were greater in acidic and sandy soils with low soil organic carbon content and in laboratory incubation studies. In addition, long-term and low-rate addition of biochar always increases microbial diversity. To better guide the use of biochar as a soil amendment, we suggest that establishing long-term and field studies, using a standard method for measuring microbial communities, on different soil types should be our emphasis in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Biology, Microbial Ecology Group, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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24
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Fang W, Song Z, Tao S, Zhang D, Huang B, Ren L, Cheng H, Yan D, Li Y, Cao A, Wang Q. Biochar mitigates the negative effect of chloropicrin fumigation on beneficial soil microorganisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:139880. [PMID: 32531602 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chloropicrin (CP) is the most commonly used soil fumigant worldwide. Although CP effectively controls soilborne pathogens, it is also detrimental to beneficial soil microorganisms unless measures can be put in place to protect them from the effects of fumigation. In this study, we evaluated the ability of biochar made from the invasive weed Eupatorium adenophorum to mitigate the effects of CP fumigation on beneficial species. Our results showed that the addition of biochar to the soil effectively reduced the detrimental effects of CP on beneficial species and their ecological functions. Biochar added to CP-fumigated soil shortened the time to 28-84 days for microbial diversity and nitrogen cycle functions to be restored to unfumigated levels. At the same time, the inorganic nitrogen (NH4+-N, NO3--N) content and N2O production potential level in CP-fumigated soil returned to unfumigated levels relatively quickly, which showed that nitrogen metabolism improved with the addition of biochar. The mitigation effect of biochar in CP-fumigated soil was more evident at higher biochar amendment rates. Our results suggest that the addition of biochar to CP-fumigated soil significantly reduced the impact of CP on beneficial species and their ecological functions, and significantly shortened the time for beneficial species to recover to pre-fumigation levels. Field research is required to determine biochar's ability to mitigate the impact of CP and other fumigants on beneficial species and to quantify its benefits on crop quality and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Fang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaoxin Song
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Laboratory of Integrated and Urban Phytopathology, University of Liege, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des deportes 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Sha Tao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Daqi Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lirui Ren
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongyan Cheng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongdong Yan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aocheng Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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25
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Zafar-Ul-Hye M, Tahzeeb-Ul-Hassan M, Abid M, Fahad S, Brtnicky M, Dokulilova T, Datta R, Danish S. Potential role of compost mixed biochar with rhizobacteria in mitigating lead toxicity in spinach. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12159. [PMID: 32699323 PMCID: PMC7376197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69183-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of heavy metals, especially lead (Pb) contaminated food is a serious threat to human health. Higher Pb uptake by the plant affects the quality, growth and yield of crops. However, inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) along with a mixture of organic amendments and biochar could be an effective way to overcome the problem of Pb toxicity. That’s why current pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of compost mixed biochar (CB) and ACC deaminase producing PGPR on growth and yield of spinach plants under artificially induced Pb toxicity. Six different treatments i.e., control, Alcaligenes faecalis (PGPR1), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (PGPR2), compost + biochar (CB), PGPR1 + CB and PGPR2 + CB were applied under 250 mg Pb kg-1 soil. Results showed that inoculation of PGPRs (Alcaligenes faecalis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) alone and along with CB significantly enhanced root fresh (47%) and dry weight (31%), potassium concentration (11%) in the spinach plant. Whereas, CB + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens significantly decreased (43%) the concentration of Pb in the spinach root over control. In conclusion, CB + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has the potential to mitigate the Pb induced toxicity in the spinach. The obtained result can be further used in the planning and execution of rhizobacteria and compost mixed biochar-based soil amendment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zafar-Ul-Hye
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahzeeb-Ul-Hassan
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan. .,College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Purkynova 118, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Dokulilova
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Subhan Danish
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Punjab, Pakistan.
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26
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Gurtler JB, Mullen CA, Boateng AA, Mašek O, Camp MJ. Biocidal Activity of Fast Pyrolysis Biochar against Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Soil Varies Based on Production Temperature or Age of Biochar. J Food Prot 2020; 83:1020-1029. [PMID: 32438397 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Soils in which fresh produce is grown can become contaminated with foodborne pathogens and are sometimes then abandoned or removed from production. The application of biochar has been proposed as a method of bioremediating such pathogen-contaminated soils. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate three fast-pyrolysis-generated biochars (FPBC; pyrolyzed in house at 450, 500, and 600°C in a newly designed pyrolysis reactor) and 10 United Kingdom Biochar Research Center (UKBRC) standard slow-pyrolysis biochars to determine their effects on the viability of four surrogate strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in soil. A previously validated biocidal FPBC that was aged for 2 years was also tested with E. coli to determine changes in antibacterial efficacy over time. Although neither the UKBRC slow-pyrolysis biochars or the 450 and 500°C FPBC from the new reactor were antimicrobial, the 600°C biochar was biocidal (P < 0.05); E. coli populations were significantly reduced at 3 and 3.5% biochar concentrations (reductions of 5.34 and 5.84 log CFU/g, respectively) compared with 0.0 to 2.0% biochar concentrations. The aged 500°C FPBC from the older reactor, which was previously validated as antimicrobial, lost efficacy after aging for 2 years. These results indicate that the biocidal activity of FPBC varies based on production temperature and/or age. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Gurtler
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Food Safety and Intervention Technologies Research Unit, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038-8551 (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-7794 [J.B.G])
| | - Charles A Mullen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Sustainable Biofuels and Co-Products Research Unit, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038-8551
| | - Akwasi A Boateng
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Sustainable Biofuels and Co-Products Research Unit, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038-8551
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Mary J Camp
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northeast Area, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 003, BARC-West, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA
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27
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Saffari N, Hajabbasi MA, Shirani H, Mosaddeghi MR, Mamedov AI. Biochar type and pyrolysis temperature effects on soil quality indicators and structural stability. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 261:110190. [PMID: 32148266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quality of soils of the arid zones with low organic matter can be improved through the application of natural amendments especially biochar from various available feedstocks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of corn residue and poultry manure and their biochars on soil organic carbon (SOC), hot-water soluble carbohydrates (HWSC), basal soil respiration (BSR),and structural stability determined by HEMC (high-energy moisture characteristic). A sandy loam soil in pots were thoroughly mixed with 1, 2 and 4% w/w of corn residues (CR) and poultry manure (PM) feedstock and their biochars prepared at 350 and 650 °C of slow pyrolysis. Maize seeds were planted in pots and grown until physiological maturity when soil characteristics were measured. Treatments considerably altered the means of studied soil quality indicators, and increased SOC (1.5-10 times) and HWSC (1-7 times), and HEMC indices: volume of drainable pores ratio (VDPR, 1.5- 3.5 times), and stability ratio (SR, 1-3 times). Increasing pyrolysis temperature, regardless of the type and rate of feedstock, significantly decreased the SOC, BSR and percent of water-stable aggregates, and consequently structural stability indices. Contribution of both PM feedstock and its biochars was less effective than the CR ones (particularly the biochar produced at higher pyrolysis temperature), due to elevated sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) associated with higher slaking, physico-chemical dispersion and lower aggregate and structural stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Saffari
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - M A Hajabbasi
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - H Shirani
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, 77188-97111, Iran
| | - M R Mosaddeghi
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - A I Mamedov
- Faculty of Agriculture, Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, OMU, Samsun, 55139, Turkey
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Chen D, Wang X, Wang X, Feng K, Su J, Dong J. The mechanism of cadmium sorption by sulphur-modified wheat straw biochar and its application cadmium-contaminated soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136550. [PMID: 31981865 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution in soils has received considerable research attention globally, and sulphur-modified biochar (SBC) could combine the advantages of biochar and the sulphur element for Cd remediation. Biochar from agricultural waste is feasible, which has a low preparation cost. However, there are few studies regarding the effects of the sulphur modification of biochar on the Cd immobilization mechanism. This study aimed to research the Cd immobilization mechanism of pristine wheat straw biochar (BC) and sulphur-modified biochar (SBC), and the Cd immobilization effects of BC and SBC in Cd-contaminated soils. Elemental and SEM analysis confirmed that sulphur was successfully loaded on the pristine biochar. XPS analysis confirmed that there was a considerable discrepancy between adsorption mechanisms of Cd on BC and SBC. In particular, cadmium sorption on BC was due to Cd(OH)2 and CdCO3 precipitation formation and interaction with carbonyl and carboxyl groups, whereas on SBC, sorption was mainly due to CdS and CdHS+ formation and interaction with organic sulphide. In the incubation experiment, SBC and BC additions increased pH value and also reduced the available Cd concentrations in the soil. Compared with the control, the contents of available Cd in soil were significantly decreased by 15.86% ~ 22.10% and 22.72% ~ 27.90%, following treatments with BC and SBC, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Ke Feng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jincheng Su
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Junneng Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
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Khalid S, Shahid M, Murtaza B, Bibi I, Asif Naeem M, Niazi NK. A critical review of different factors governing the fate of pesticides in soil under biochar application. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:134645. [PMID: 31822404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are extensively used in the modern agricultural system. The inefficient and extensive use of pesticides during the last 5 to 6 decades inadvertently led to serious deterioration of environmental quality with health risk to living organisms, including humans. It is important to use some environmentally-friendly and sustainable approaches to remediate, restore and maintain soil quality. Biochar has gained considerable attention globally as a promising soil amendment because it has the ability to adsorb and as such minimize the bioavailability of pesticides in soils. This review emphasizes the recent trends and implications of biochar in pesticide-contaminated soils, as well as highlights need of the pesticides use and associated environmental issues in context of the biochar application. The overarching aim of this review is to signify the role of biochar on primary processes such as effect of biochar on the persistence, mineralization, leaching and efficacy of pesticides in soil. Notably, the effects of biochar on pesticide adsorption-desorption, degradation and bioavailability under various operating/production conditions are critically discussed. This review delineates the indirect impact of biochar on pesticides persistence in soils and proposes key recommendations for future research which are essential for the remediation and restoration of pesticides-impacted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia.
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Maaß S, Hückelheim R, Rillig MC. Collembola laterally move biochar particles. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224179. [PMID: 31675381 PMCID: PMC6824558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar is being discussed as a soil amendment to improve soil fertility and mitigate climate change. While biochar interactions with soil microbial biota have been frequently studied, interactions with soil mesofauna are understudied. We here present an experiment in which we tested if the collembolan Folsomia candida I) can transport biochar particles, II) if yes, how far the particles are distributed within 10 days, and III) if it shows a preference among biochars made from different feedstocks, i.e. pine wood, pine bark and spelt husks. In general, biochar particles based on pine bark and pine wood were consistently distributed significantly more than those made of spelt husks, but all types were transported more than 4cm within 10 days. Additionally, we provide evidence that biochar particles can become readily attached to the cuticle of collembolans and hence be transported, potentially even over large distances. Our study shows that the soil mesofauna can indeed act as a vector for the transport of biochar particles and show clear preferences depending on the respective feedstock, which would need to be studied in more detail in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Maaß
- University of Potsdam, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Potsdam, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Ronja Hückelheim
- University of Potsdam, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Matthias C. Rillig
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, Berlin, Germany
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Song Y, Li X, Xu M, Jiao W, Bian Y, Yang X, Gu C, Wang F, Jiang X. Does Biochar Induce Similar Successions of Microbial Community Structures Among Different Soils? BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 103:642-650. [PMID: 31428843 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the responses of soil bacterial communities to biochar amendment in different soils were investigated. Biochar amendment had not significantly changed the bacterial richness and diversity in black soil, fluvo-aquic soil and red soil, but shifted all the soil bacterial community structures. Biochar amendment mainly increased the growth of low-abundance bacteria in fluvo-aquic soil and that of high-abundance bacteria in red soil. The most abundant bacterial phylum in black soil and fluvo-aquic soil, Proteobacteria, increased after biochar addition, while Chloroflexi, the most abundant phylum in red soil, decreased after biochar addition. Some bacterial phyla responded consistently to biochar amendment. However, many more bacterial phyla responded differently to biochar amendment in different soils, especially those phyla present at low abundances. Therefore, our study confirmed that the responses of soil bacterial communities to the same biochar were specific to both soil type and bacterial phylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaona Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Jiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Yongrong Bian
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinglun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenggang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
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Yan S, Niu Z, Zhang A, Yan H, Zhang H, He K, Xiao X, Wang N, Guan C, Liu G. Biochar application on paddy and purple soils in southern China: soil carbon and biotic activity. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:181499. [PMID: 31417689 PMCID: PMC6689583 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil carbon reserves are the largest terrestrial carbon pools. Common agricultural practices, such as high fertilization rates and intensive crop rotation, have led to global-scale environmental changes, including decreased soil organic matter, lower carbon/nitrogen ratios and disruption of soil carbon pools. These changes have resulted in a decrease in soil microbial activity, severe reduction in soil fertility and transformation of soil nutrients, thereby causing soil nutrient imbalance, which seriously affects crop production. In this study, 16S rDNA-based analysis and static chamber-gas chromatography were used to elucidate the effects of continuous application of straw biochar on soil carbon pools and the soil microbial environments of two typical soil types (purple and paddy soils) in southern China. Application of biochar (1) improved the soil carbon pool and its activity, (2) significantly promoted the release of soil CO2 and (3) improved the soil carbon environment. Soil carbon content was closely correlated with the abundance of organisms belonging to two orders, Lactobacillales and Bacteroidales, and, more specifically, to the genus Lactococcus. These results suggest that biochar affects the soil carbon environment and soil microorganism abundance, which in turn may improve the soil carbon pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Yan
- Department of Tobacco cultivation, Tobacco Cultivation Key Laboratory in Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyang Niu
- Department of Tobacco cultivation, Tobacco Cultivation Key Laboratory in Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Aigai Zhang
- Department of Tobacco cultivation, Tobacco Cultivation Key Laboratory in Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Yan
- Department of Tobacco cultivation, Tobacco Cultivation Key Laboratory in Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - He Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuanxin He
- Department of Tobacco cultivation, Tobacco Science Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianyi Xiao
- Department of Tobacco cultivation, Tobacco Science Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330025, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianlei Wang
- Department of Tobacco cultivation, Tobacco Science Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330025, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengwei Guan
- Department of Tobacco cultivation, Tobacco Science Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330025, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoshun Liu
- Department of Tobacco cultivation, Tobacco Cultivation Key Laboratory in Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
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Ali N, Khan S, Yao H, Wang J. Biochars reduced the bioaccessibility and (bio)uptake of organochlorine pesticides and changed the microbial community dynamics in agricultural soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 224:805-815. [PMID: 30851532 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is considered as a universal sorbent used for soil amendment but its impacts on organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and microbial communities associated with soil and vegetables are unclear. The effects of different biochars (derived from sewage sludge biochar (SSBC), soybean straw biochar (SBBC), rice straw biochar (RSBC) and peanut shells biochar (PNBC)), on bioaccessible fractions of OCPs in a contaminated soil and their subsequent bioaccumulation into vegetables (Chinese cabbage and spring onion) were investigated in this research work. The influence of these amendments on vegetable yields and soil microbial community using Illumina next generation sequencing technology was also assessed. The application of selected biochars significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the bioaccessibility of ∑OCPs in contaminated soil: SSBC (52%), PNBC (51%), RSBC (60%), and SBBC (47%), as compared to the control. The results indicated that following biochar additions, the bio-uptake of ∑OCP bio-uptake was considerably (from 86 to 85%) reduced in grown vegetables. Risk assessment showed that biochar amendments markedly (p < 0.01) decreased the hazard quotient (HQ) indices and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILTR) values for OCPs associated with the consumption of vegetables. In addition, the results of high-throughput sequencing showed significant differences in microbial community structure between the treatments, which was driven by differences in the relative abundances of soil microbes. The relative abundances of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Nitrospirae and Verrucomicrobia decreased following biochar additions. However, biochar amendments increased the relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Gemmatimonadetes, though the increase in relative abundances of these phyla was strongly dependent on the type of biochar used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelum Ali
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Sardar Khan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Huaiying Yao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China; Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, People's Republic of China.
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
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Goglio A, Tucci M, Rizzi B, Colombo A, Cristiani P, Schievano A. Microbial recycling cells (MRCs): A new platform of microbial electrochemical technologies based on biocompatible materials, aimed at cycling carbon and nutrients in agro-food systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:1349-1361. [PMID: 30308905 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the mechanisms that drive nutrients and carbon sequestration from wastewaters by microbial electrochemical technologies (METs). In this framework, a new generation of METs is also presented (to be called microbial recycling cells, MRCs), based on 100%-recyclable materials (biomass-derived char coal, clay, terracotta, paper, ligno-cellulosic plant materials, etc.), which can act as bio-electrodes, separators and structural frames. In traditional METs architectures (based on technological materials such as carbon cloths, plastic panels, membranes, binders), inorganic salts precipitation and adsorption, as well as biofouling due to organic-matter deposition, are considered as main drawbacks that clog and hinder the systems over relatively short periods. In MRCs, these mechanisms should be maximized, instead of being avoided. In this perspective, both inorganic and organic forms of the main nutrients are sequestered from wastewater and deposited on METs modules. Once the systems become saturated, they can entirely be recycled as agricultural soil conditioners or as base for organic-mineral fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Goglio
- e-BioCenter, Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Tucci
- e-BioCenter, Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Rizzi
- e-BioCenter, Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colombo
- e-BioCenter, Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Schievano
- e-BioCenter, Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Yu L, Yu M, Lu X, Tang C, Liu X, Brookes PC, Xu J. Combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer benefits nitrogen retention in the rhizosphere of soybean by increasing microbial biomass but not altering microbial community structure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:1221-1230. [PMID: 30021287 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The application of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar (N-biochar) is one of promising management practices recommended to improve soil fertility. A field trial based on seven treatments (control, urea, urea + biochar, KNO3, KNO3 + biochar, (NH4)2SO4, (NH4)2SO4 + biochar) were carried out in the field. Both rhizosphere and bulk soils were collected after harvest to investigate the response of microorganisms to N-biochar and the influence on N retention. The results showed that N-biochar increased total microbial biomass but did not change the relative proportions of microbial groups compared with the control. Principal component analysis suggested that microbial community structure in the rhizosphere differed from that in bulk soils, with lower ratios of G+/G- bacterial PLFAs, Saturated/Monounsaturated PLFAs and Cyclopropyl/Precursor PLFAs in the rhizosphere. More abundant biomass and better developed community structure in the rhizosphere could be ascribed to labile C from root exudates. The increased N content in soil-plant system as well as the relative high concentration of total N in the rhizosphere indicated that N-biochar benefited N retention towards near-root areas. Redundancy analysis and correlation analysis suggested that both fungi and bacteria were involved in promoting N retention, especially G- bacteria. Biochar-induced high soil pH favored G- bacteria development while the importance of labile C availability from biochar to G- bacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengjie Yu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xing Lu
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Caixian Tang
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Xingmei Liu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Philip C Brookes
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Velez TI, Moonilall NI, Reed S, Jayachandran K, Scinto LJ. Impact of Melaleuca quinquenervia Biochar on Phaseolus vulgaris Growth, Soil Nutrients, and Microbial Gas Flux. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2018; 47:1487-1495. [PMID: 30512059 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2017.12.0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has been heralded for improving soil quality, sequestering C, and converting organic residues into value-added amendments. Biochar research in agricultural settings has been primarily conducted on acidic soils, with few studies evaluating biochar effects on alkaline soils. Given the rise of small-scale, sustainable farmers experimenting with biochar in South Florida's alkaline, carbonaceous soil, this study sought to assess biochar use in South Florida using an invasive plant species as a feedstock. (Cav.) S.T. Blake biomass was converted into biochar to measure how application at two rates, 2 and 5% (w/w), affects plant growth, soil macro- and micronutrients, and microbial gas flux (CO) in a potted greenhouse experiment using L. Plant growth was inhibited with biochar addition at the 2 and 5% rates. Dry shoot, pod weight, and pod length decreased significantly between treatments ( < 0.001). Significant reductions in plant-available P, Ca, Mg, Cu, and Zn were observed in the 5% biochar soil postharvest ( < 0.05). Compared with the control, addition of biochar at 2 and 5% rates significantly reduced CO flux during the growing season, but not at harvest ( < 0.01). Our results indicate that those considering biochar application in South Florida's alkaline soil should be cautious in selecting feedstock and temperature for biochar production. Biochar can be produced at lower temperatures to decrease pH, but the concomitant increase in volatile matter (VM) is of concern. Although CO flux may have decreased, the deleterious impacts of biochar (pH = 8.12, VM = 26.5%) on production should not be dismissed.
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Short-term impact of biochar amendments on eukaryotic communities in three different soils. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2018; 112:615-632. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-1191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lieke T, Zhang X, Steinberg CEW, Pan B. Overlooked Risks of Biochars: Persistent Free Radicals trigger Neurotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:7981-7987. [PMID: 29916700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, biochars have gained increasing interest in mitigating climate changes and revitalizing contaminated or drained soil. Studies determining their impact on the ecosystem, especially on soil invertebrates, however, are still scarce and the neurotoxic potential of biochars has never been evaluated before. Using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans we determined the neurotoxic effect of biochar produced from rice straw by pyrolysis at 500 °C at concentrations ranging from 0 to 2000 mg C·L-1. Biochar had a hormetic effect on locomotion behavior. Furthermore, high concentrations impaired defecation as well as the recognition and response to a chemical attractant. None of the potential toxic chemicals in the biochar had sufficient high concentrations to explain the detected neurotoxic effect. Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, we detected free radicals in the biochar. Detrimental reaction of free radicals with biotic macromolecules can induce oxidative stress responses and are a potential reason for the evaluated neurotoxic effect of biochar. Overall, we were able to prove that biochars have the potential to act as weak neurotoxins to soil organisms and effects of persistent free radicals should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thora Lieke
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering , Kunming University of Science and Technology , 650500 Kunming , China
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Freshwater and Stress Ecology , Humboldt Universität zu Berlin , Späthstr. 80/81 , 12437 Berlin , Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Müggelseedamm 310 , 12587 Berlin , Germany
| | - Xuchao Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering , Kunming University of Science and Technology , 650500 Kunming , China
| | - Christian E W Steinberg
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Freshwater and Stress Ecology , Humboldt Universität zu Berlin , Späthstr. 80/81 , 12437 Berlin , Germany
| | - Bo Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering , Kunming University of Science and Technology , 650500 Kunming , China
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Luo C, Deng Y, Inubushi K, Liang J, Zhu S, Wei Z, Guo X, Luo X. Sludge Biochar Amendment and Alfalfa Revegetation Improve Soil Physicochemical Properties and Increase Diversity of Soil Microbes in Soils from a Rare Earth Element Mining Wasteland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15050965. [PMID: 29751652 PMCID: PMC5982004 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Long-term unregulated mining of ion-adsorption clays (IAC) in China has resulted in severe ecological destruction and created large areas of wasteland in dire need of rehabilitation. Soil amendment and revegetation are two important means of rehabilitation of IAC mining wasteland. In this study, we used sludge biochar prepared by pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge as a soil ameliorant, selected alfalfa as a revegetation plant, and conducted pot trials in a climate-controlled chamber. We investigated the effects of alfalfa revegetation, sludge biochar amendment, and their combined amendment on soil physicochemical properties in soil from an IAC mining wasteland as well as the impact of sludge biochar on plant growth. At the same time, we also assessed the impacts of these amendments on the soil microbial community by means of the Illumina Miseq sequences method. Results showed that alfalfa revegetation and sludge biochar both improved soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure. When alfalfa revegetation and sludge biochar amendment were combined, we detected additive effects on the improvement of soil physicochemical properties as well as increases in the richness and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities. Redundancy analyses suggested that alfalfa revegetation and sludge biochar amendment significantly affected soil microbial community structure. Critical environmental factors consisted of soil available K, pH, organic matter, carbon⁻nitrogen ratio, bulk density, and total porosity. Sludge biochar amendment significantly promoted the growth of alfalfa and changed its root morphology. Combining alfalfa the revegetation with sludge biochar amendment may serve to not only achieve the revegetation of IAC mining wasteland, but also address the challenge of municipal sludge disposal by making the waste profitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caigui Luo
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Ionic Rare Earth, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Yangwu Deng
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Ionic Rare Earth, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Kazuyuki Inubushi
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 2718510, Japan.
| | - Jian Liang
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Sipin Zhu
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Zhenya Wei
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Xiaobin Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Ionic Rare Earth, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Xianping Luo
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Ionic Rare Earth, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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Sheng Y, Zhu L. Biochar alters microbial community and carbon sequestration potential across different soil pH. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 622-623:1391-1399. [PMID: 29890604 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biochar application to soil has been proposed for soil carbon sequestration and global warming mitigation. While recent studies have demonstrated that soil pH was a main factor affecting soil microbial community and stability of biochar, little information is available for the microbiome across different soil pH and the subsequently CO2 emission. To investigate soil microbial response and CO2 emission of biochar across different pH levels, comparative incubation studies on CO2 emission, degradation of biochar, and microbial communities in a ferralsol (pH5.19) and a phaeozems (pH7.81) with 4 biochar addition rates (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 5.0%) were conducted. Biochar induced higher CO2 emission in acidic ferralsol, largely due to the higher biochar degradation, while the more drastic negative priming effect (PE) of SOC resulted in decreased total CO2 emission in alkaline phaeozems. The higher bacteria diversity, especially the enrichment of copiotrophic bacteria such as Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, and decrease of oligotrophic bacteria such as Acidobacteria, were responsible for the increased CO2 emission and initial positive PE of SOC in ferralsol, whereas biochar did not change the relative abundances of most bacteria at phylum level in phaeozems. The relative abundances of other bacterial taxa (i.e. Actinobacteria, Anaerolineae) known to degrade aromatic compounds were also elevated in both soils. Soil pH was considered to be the dominant factor to affect CO2 emission by increasing the bioavailability of organic carbon and abundance of copiotrophic bacteria after biochar addition in ferralsol. However, the decreased bioavailability of SOC via adsorption of biochar resulted in higher abundance of oligotrophic bacteria in phaeozems, leading to the decrease in CO2 emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Sheng
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Xu Y, Seshadri B, Sarkar B, Wang H, Rumpel C, Sparks D, Farrell M, Hall T, Yang X, Bolan N. Biochar modulates heavy metal toxicity and improves microbial carbon use efficiency in soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:148-159. [PMID: 29179070 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic carbon is essential to improve soil fertility and ecosystem functioning. Soil microorganisms contribute significantly to the carbon transformation and immobilisation processes. However, microorganisms are sensitive to environmental stresses such as heavy metals. Applying amendments, such as biochar, to contaminated soils can alleviate the metal toxicity and add carbon inputs. In this study, Cd and Pb spiked soils treated with macadamia nutshell biochar (5% w/w) were monitored during a 49days incubation period. Microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) were extracted and analysed as biomarkers in order to identify the microbial community composition. Soil properties, metal bioavailability, microbial respiration, and microbial biomass carbon were measured after the incubation period. Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) was calculated from the ratio of carbon incorporated into microbial biomass to the carbon mineralised. Total PLFA concentration decreased to a greater extent in metal contaminated soils than uncontaminated soils. Microbial CUE also decreased due to metal toxicity. However, biochar addition alleviated the metal toxicity, and increased total PLFA concentration. Both microbial respiration and biomass carbon increased due to biochar application, and CUE was significantly (p<0.01) higher in biochar treated soils than untreated soils. Heavy metals reduced the microbial carbon sequestration in contaminated soils by negatively influencing the CUE. The improvement of CUE through biochar addition in the contaminated soils could be attributed to the decrease in metal bioavailability, thereby mitigating the biotoxicity to soil microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilu Xu
- Global Center for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Balaji Seshadri
- Global Center for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Cornelia Rumpel
- CNRS, Institute of Ecology and Environment Paris, IEES, CNRS-INRA-UPMC-UPEC-IRD, Thiverval-Grignon 78850, France
| | - Donald Sparks
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Environmental Institute, University of Delaware, Newark 19711, USA
| | - Mark Farrell
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Tony Hall
- Sprigg Geobiology Centre & Department of Earth Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Global Center for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Urumqi 830046, China; Institute of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- Global Center for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation for the Environment, University of Newcastle, Callahan, NSW 2308, Australia; International Centre for Balanced Land Use, University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.
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He L, Bi Y, Zhao J, Pittelkow CM, Zhao X, Wang S, Xing G. Population and community structure shifts of ammonia oxidizers after four-year successive biochar application to agricultural acidic and alkaline soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:1105-1115. [PMID: 29734589 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Long-term studies that advance our mechanistic understanding of biochar (BC)‑nitrogen (N) interactions in agricultural soils are lacking. In this study, soil potential nitrification rates (PNR), the abundance and composition of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) communities following 4-year of BC application were investigated using the shaken-slurry procedure and molecular sequencing techniques for an acidic Oxisol (QU) and an alkaline Cambisol (YU). Soils were obtained from an outdoor soil column experiment with straw-BC application rates of 0 (BC0), 2.25 (BC2.25) and 11.3 (BC11.3) Mgha-1 per cropping season for eight consecutive wheat/millet seasons. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing techniques were performed to quantify and sequence amoA gene copies and composition of AOA and AOB. Results showed that QU had lower PNR and a higher ratio of amoA gene copies of AOA to AOB than YU, PNR of QU with BC application was significantly associated with the amoA gene of AOB. Similar to previous short-term findings, BC application enhanced QU soil nitrification, which may be explained by the significant increase in AOB abundance and a shift in AOB community structure from Nitrosospira cluster 2 toward cluster 3, along with the disappearance of some obligate acidophile AOA groups, leading to the appearance of ammonia-oxidizers from neutral-alkaline soils in BC-amended acid soils. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that soil pH was the most important factor driving shifts in ammonia-oxidizers composition. Although BC application did not have significant effects on PNR in YU, BC11.3 decreased AOA and AOB gene copies and influenced the relative abundance of community structure. Our findings represent the first investigation of long-term BC effects on AOA and AOB communities in agricultural soils using 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing, showing that BC application can alter soil characteristics and influence ammonia oxidizer community composition, abundance, especially in acid soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili He
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yucui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | | | - Xu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Shenqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Guangxi Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Dai H, Chen Y, Yang X, Cui J, Sui P. The effect of different organic materials amendment on soil bacteria communities in barren sandy loam soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:24019-24028. [PMID: 28884297 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To effectively improve soil productivity and optimize organic fertilizer management while reducing environmental pollution and resource wasting in farmland system, the present study was conducted in Wuqiao Experiment Station of China Agricultural University, Hebei Province. Taking crop straw treatment as control, four kinds of organic materials including pig manure (PM), biogas residue (BR), biochar (BC) and crop straw (ST) were applied to soil at the same nitrogen (N) level. The soil bacteria community characteristics were explored using Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technologies. The results were as follows: (1) Compared with ST, PM, BR and BC had no significant effect on Chao 1 and Shannon index. The dominant bacterial groups include Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi in sandy loam soil after the application of different organic materials. The abundance of Proteobacteria in BC treatment was significantly lower than that of ST (control) treatment (p < 0.05). On the contrary, compared to ST, the abundances of Acidobacteria increased by 65.0, 40.7, and 58.7% in the BC, BR, and PM treatments, respectively. (2) Compared to ST, the BC treatment significantly (p < 0.05) increased in soil organic carbon (SOC) and pH in the arable layer (0-20 cm) in the farmland (p < 0.05), and significantly increased the soil pH with a value of 0.26 level (p < 0.05). (3) Pearson correlation analysis results showed that the PCoA1 scores and soil pH were closely correlated (R 2 = 0.3738, p < 0.05). In addition, pairwise regression between PCoA1 scores and SOC (R 2 = 0.5008, p < 0.05), PCoA2 scores and SOC (R 2 = 0.4053, p < 0.05) were both closely correlated. In general, our results indicated that organic materials amendment shaped the bacterial community in sandy loam soil through changing the soil pH and SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcui Dai
- Circular Agriculture Research Center/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuanquan Chen
- Circular Agriculture Research Center/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolei Yang
- Circular Agriculture Research Center/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jixiao Cui
- Circular Agriculture Research Center/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peng Sui
- Circular Agriculture Research Center/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Song Y, Bian Y, Wang F, Xu M, Ni N, Yang X, Gu C, Jiang X. Dynamic Effects of Biochar on the Bacterial Community Structure in Soil Contaminated with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6789-6796. [PMID: 28731707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Amending soil with biochar is an effective soil remediation strategy for organic contaminants. This study investigated the dynamic effects of wheat straw biochar on the bacterial community structure during remediation by high-throughput sequencing. The wheat straw biochar amended into the soil significantly reduced the bioavailability and toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Biochar amendment helped to maintain the bacterial diversity in the PAH-contaminated soil. The relationship between the immobilization of PAHs and the soil bacterial diversity fit a quadratic model. Before week 12 of the incubation, the incubation time was the main factor contributing to the changes in the soil bacterial community structure. However, biochar greatly affected the bacterial community structure after 12 weeks of amendment, and the effects were dependent upon the biochar type. Amendment with biochar mainly facilitated the growth of rare bacterial genera (relative abundance of 0.01-1%) in the studied soil. Therefore, the application of wheat straw biochar into PAH-contaminated soil can reduce the environmental risks of PAHs and benefit the soil microbial ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongrong Bian
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Ni
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinglun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenggang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China
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Chemolithotrophic processes in the bacterial communities on the surface of mineral-enriched biochars. ISME JOURNAL 2017; 11:1087-1101. [PMID: 28169988 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2016.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biochar and mineral-enriched biochar (MEB) have been used as soil amendments to improve soil fertility, sequester carbon and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Such beneficial outcomes could be partially mediated by soil bacteria, however little is known about how they directly interact with biochar or MEB. We therefore analyzed the diversity and functions of bacterial communities on the surfaces of one biochar and two different MEBs after a 140-day incubation in soil. The results show that the biochar and the MEBs harbor distinct bacterial communities to the bulk soil. Communities on biochar and MEBs were dominated by a novel Gammaproteobacterium. Genome reconstruction combined with electron microscopy and high-resolution elemental analysis revealed that the bacterium generates energy from the oxidation of iron that is present on the surface. Two other bacteria belonging to the genus Thiobacillus and a novel group within the Oxalbacteraceae were enriched only on the MEBs and they had the genetic capacity for thiosulfate oxidation. All three surface-enriched bacteria also had the capacity to fix carbon dioxide, either in a potentially strictly autotrophic or mixotrophic manner. Our results show the dominance of chemolithotrophic processes on the surface of biochar and MEB that can contribute to carbon sequestration in soil.
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Sun J, He F, Zhang Z, Shao H, Xu G. Temperature and moisture responses to carbon mineralization in the biochar-amended saline soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 569-570:390-394. [PMID: 27348703 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of temperature and moisture on carbon mineralization (Cmin) in a saline soil system with biochar amendment. The dynamics of Cmin were monitored in a biochar-amended saline soil for 220days by incubation experiments under different conditions of temperature (15°C, 25°C and 35°C) and moisture (30%, 70% and 105% of the water-holding capacity). Results showed that as the incubation temperature rose, cumulative Cmin consistently increased in soil added with 0-4% biochar. The two-compartment model could well describe the dynamics of Cmin. The temperature rise increased the concentration of labile C in soil, but reduced the turnover time of labile and recalcitrant C pools and the value of temperature coefficient Q10. The response of Cmin to moisture was varying in soil amended with different levels of biochar. In the control treatment (soil alone), cumulative Cmin increased only when soil moisture was >105%. In the biochar treatments, however, 70% of water-holding capacity was optimal for Cmin, except for 2%-biochar treatment at 35°C. The findings highlight the necessity to consider the combined effects of soil moisture, temperature and the amount of biochar added for assessing Cmin in biochar-amended saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junna Sun
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Fuhong He
- Institute of Geography & Planning, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Institute of Geography & Planning, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Hongbo Shao
- Institute of Agro-biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Gang Xu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
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Surfactant-induced bacterial community changes correlated with increased polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation in contaminated soil. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:10165-10177. [PMID: 27695967 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bioremediation as a method for removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from contaminated environments has been criticized for poor removal of potentially carcinogenic but less bioavailable high molecular weight (HMW) compounds. As a partial remedy to this constraint, we studied surfactant addition at sub-micellar concentrations to contaminated soil to enhance the biodegradation of PAHs remaining after conventional aerobic bioremediation. We demonstrated increased removal of four- and five-ring PAHs using two nonionic surfactants, polyoxyethylene(4)lauryl ether (Brij 30) and polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexaoleate (POESH), and analyzed bacterial community shifts associated with those conditions. Eight groups of abundant bacteria were implicated as potentially being involved in increased HMW PAH removal. A group of unclassified Alphaproteobacteria and members of the Phenylobacterium genus in particular showed significantly increased relative abundance in the two conditions exhibiting increased PAH removal. Other implicated groups included members of the Sediminibacterium, Terrimonas, Acidovorax, and Luteimonas genera, as well as uncharacterized organisms within the families Chitinophagaceae and Bradyrhizobiaceae. Targeted isolation identified a subset of the community likely using the surfactants as a growth substrate, but few of the isolates exhibited PAH-degradation capability. Isolates recovered from the Acidovorax and uncharacterized Bradyrhizobiaceae groups suggest the abundance of those groups may have been attributable to growth on surfactants. Understanding the specific bacteria responsible for HMW PAH removal in natural and engineered systems and their response to stimuli such as surfactant amendment may improve bioremediation efficacy during treatment of contaminated environmental media.
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Hartley W, Riby P, Waterson J. Effects of three different biochars on aggregate stability, organic carbon mobility and micronutrient bioavailability. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 181:770-778. [PMID: 27444723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated both beneficial and detrimental effects on soil properties from biochar incorporation. Several biochars, with different feedstock origins, were evaluated for their effectiveness at improving soil quality of a sandy agricultural soil. A pot trial was used to investigate aggregate stability and microbial activity, pore water trace element mobility and micronutrient concentrations in grain of spring wheat after incorporation of three biochars. The feedstocks for biochar production were selected because they were established UK waste products, namely oversize woody material from green waste composting facilities, and rhododendron and soft wood material from forest clearance operations. Biochars were incorporated into the soil at a rate of 5% v/v. Aggregate stability was improved following addition of oversize biochar whilst microbial activity increased in all treatments. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in soil pore water from biochar-treated soils were raised, whilst micronutrient concentrations in wheat grain grown in the treated soils were significantly reduced. It was concluded that incorporation of biochar to temperate agricultural soils requires caution as it may result in reductions of essential grain micronutrients required for human health, whilst the effect on aggregate stability may be linked to organic carbon functional groups on biochar surfaces and labile carbon released from the char into the soil system.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hartley
- Department of Crop and Environment Sciences, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK.
| | - Philip Riby
- School of Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, L3 3AF, UK
| | - James Waterson
- Department of Crop and Environment Sciences, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK
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Lucheta AR, Cannavan FDS, Roesch LFW, Tsai SM, Kuramae EE. Fungal Community Assembly in the Amazonian Dark Earth. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2016; 71:962-973. [PMID: 26585119 PMCID: PMC4823338 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0703-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Here, we compare the fungal community composition and diversity in Amazonian Dark Earth (ADE) and the respective non-anthropogenic origin adjacent (ADJ) soils from four different sites in Brazilian Central Amazon using pyrosequencing of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. Fungal community composition in ADE soils were more similar to each other than their ADJ soils, except for only one site. Phosphorus and aluminum saturation were the main soil chemical factors contributing to ADE and ADJ fungal community dissimilarities. Differences in fungal richness were not observed between ADE and ADJ soil pairs regarding to the most sites. In general, the most dominant subphyla present in the soils were Pezizomycotina, Agaricomycotina, and Mortierellomycotina. The most abundant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in ADE showed similarities with the entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps confragosa and the saprobes Fomitopsis pinicola, Acremonium vitellinum, and Mortierellaceae sp., whereas OTUs similar to Aspergillus niger, Lithothelium septemseptatum, Heliocephala gracillis, and Pestalosphaeria sp. were more abundant in ADJ soils. Differences in fungal community composition were associated to soil chemical factors in ADE (P, Ca, Zn, Mg, organic matter, sum of bases, and base saturation) and ADJ (Al, potential acidity, Al saturation, B, and Fe) soils. These results contribute to a deeper view of the fungi communities in ADE and open new perspectives for entomopathogenic fungi studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Reis Lucheta
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO/KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Fabiana de Souza Cannavan
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Wurdig Roesch
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em Biotecnologia (CIP-Biotec), Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Siu Mui Tsai
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Eiko Eurya Kuramae
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO/KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.
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Subedi R, Taupe N, Ikoyi I, Bertora C, Zavattaro L, Schmalenberger A, Leahy JJ, Grignani C. Chemically and biologically-mediated fertilizing value of manure-derived biochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 550:924-933. [PMID: 26851878 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the potential of manure-derived biochars in promoting plant growth and enhancing soil chemical and biological properties during a 150day pot experiment. Biochars from pyrolysis of poultry litter (PL) and swine manure (SM) at 400 and 600°C, and a commonly available wood chip (WC) biochar produced at high temperature (1000°C) were incorporated to silt-loam (SL) and sandy (SY) soils on a 2% dry soil weight basis. Ryegrass was sown and moisture was adjusted to 60% water filled pore space (WFPS). The PL400 and SM400 biochars significantly increased (p<0.05) shoot dry matter (DM) yields (SL soil) and enhanced nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) uptake by the plants in both soils, compared to the Control. All biochars significantly increased the soil carbon (C) contents compared to the Control. Total N contents were significantly greater for PL400 and PL600 treatments in both soils. The dehydrogenase activity (DA) significantly increased for PL400 and SM400 treatments and was positively correlated with the volatile matter (VM) contents of the biochars, while β-glucosidase activity (GA) decreased for the same treatments in both soils. All biochars significantly shifted (p≤0.05) the bacterial community structure compared to the Control. This study suggests that pyrolysis of animal manures can produce a biochar that acts as both soil amendment and an organic fertilizer as proven by increased NPK uptake, positive liming effect and high soil nutrient availability, while WC biochar could work only in combination with fertilizers (organic as well as mineral).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Subedi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Plassey Park Rd., Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland; Department of Life Sciences, University of Limerick, Plassey Park Rd., Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland.
| | - N Taupe
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Plassey Park Rd., Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland
| | - I Ikoyi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Limerick, Plassey Park Rd., Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland
| | - C Bertora
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - L Zavattaro
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - A Schmalenberger
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Limerick, Plassey Park Rd., Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland
| | - J J Leahy
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Plassey Park Rd., Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland
| | - C Grignani
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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