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Liu Q, Dai H, Song Y, Li H. Magnetite enhances As immobilization during nitrate reduction and Fe(II) oxidation by Acidovorax sp. strain BoFeN1. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:173946. [PMID: 38909815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) cycling in groundwater is commonly coupled to the biogeochemical cycling of iron (Fe) and the associated transformation of Fe minerals present. Numerous laboratory studies suggested that Fe minerals can act as nucleation sites for further crystal growth and as catalysts for abiotic Fe(II) oxidation. In view of the widespread existence of magnetite in anoxic environments where As is often dissolved, we firstly exploited magnetite to enhance As immobilization during nitrate-reducing Fe(II) oxidation (NRFO) induced by Acidovorax sp. strain BoFeN1, a mixotrophic nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterium that can oxidize Fe(II) through both enzymatic and abiotic pathways. Subsequently, we investigated how magnetite affects NRFO and As immobilization. Results demonstrated a significant increase in As(III) removal efficiency from 75.4 % to 97.2 % with magnetite, attributed to the higher amount of NRFO and As(III) oxidation promoted by magnetite. It was found that magnetite stimulated the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which could decrease the diffusion of nitrate in the periplasm of bacteria and shield them against encrustation, resulting in a more rapid reduction of nitrate in the system with magnetite than that without magnetite. Meanwhile, Fe(II) was almost completely oxidized in the presence of magnetite during the whole 72 h experiment, while in the absence of magnetite, 47.7 % of Fe(II) remained, indicating that magnetite could obviously accelerate the chemical oxidation of Fe(II) with nitrite (the intermediates of nitrate bioreduction). Furthermore, the formation of labile Fe(III), an intermediate product of electron transfer between Fe(II) and magnetite, was reasonably deduced to be vital for anoxic As(III) oxidation. Additionally, the XPS analysis of the solid phase confirmed the oxidation of 43.8 % of As(III) to As(V). This study helps to understand the biogeochemical cycling of Fe and As in the environment, and provides a cost-effective and environmentally friendly option for in situ remediation of As-contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Huiqian Dai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Yang Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Haipu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha 410083, PR China.
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Wang P, He Y, Zhou G. Iron-based mixotrophic denitrification for enhancing nitrate removal from municipal secondary effluent: Performance, microbial community dynamics, and economic feasibility. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:130989. [PMID: 38885725 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
High nitrate content limits the recycling of the secondary effluent of wastewater treatment plants. In the research, one biomass-iron mixture (BIM) filter material based on mixotrophic denitrification mode (heterotrophic and iron-driven autotrophic denitrification) was developed and used to construct a novel denitrification biological filter (BIM-DNBF) for the nitrogen removal of secondary effluent. BIM-DNBF had a short start-up time (approximately 9 days), and high total nitrogen removal (81 %-89 %) without external addition of organic carbon sources during the whole operation. The coexistence of dominant heterotrophic-denitrification-like Pseudomonas and Erysipelothrix as well as iron-driven autotrophic-denitrification-like Citrobacter, Acidovorax, etc. were found in the BIM-DNBF. Moreover, biomass was recognized as one key player in promoting the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+, thereby facilitating the occurrence of iron-driven autotrophic denitrification. In addition, BIM-DNBF was assessed to be affordable. These findings provide evidence that BIM-DNBF can be an efficient technology for nitrogen removal of secondary effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-restoration in Metropolitan Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan He
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-restoration in Metropolitan Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Gongming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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3
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Liu Q, Fang Y, Ge H, Yang Y, Li H. Promoting the transformation of green rust for As immobilization with Acidovorax sp. strain BoFeN1. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142764. [PMID: 38969220 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Microbially mediated Fe(II) oxidation has a great potential for attenuating arsenic (As) mobility in an anoxic groundwaters. Green rust (GR), a common Fe(II)-bearing phase in such environments, could be easily oxidized into Fe (oxyhydr)oxides through microbial activity. This study focused on Acidovorax sp. strain BoFeN1, an anaerobic nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizing (NRFO) bacterium, to promote the transformation of GR. In biotic GR transformation experiments, magnetite formation occurred at [As]ini = 5 mg/L while lepidocrocite and goethite were formed at [As]ini = 10 mg/L. In the absence of bacterium, the GR persisted throughout the 120-h experiment. Meanwhile, with the addition of strain BoFeN1, the final aqueous As concentration significantly decreased from 0.237 to 0.004 mg/L (C0 = 5 mg/L) and from 1.457 to 0.096 mg/L (C0 = 10 mg/L) at 120 h. It was indicated that strain BoFeN1 played a crucial role in promoting the GR transformation and enhancing As immobilization. Further investigations revealed that the role of strain BoFeN1 extended beyond Fe-oxidation. With nitrite (the intermediate of nitrate bioreduction) as oxidizer, lepidocrocite/goethite were formed in the chemical-oxidation system, excluding magnetite. In the Bio - [As]ini = 5 mg/L, the occurrence of lepidocrocite via the bio-oxidation of Fe(II) in GR at 24 h, along with the metabolism of strain BoFeN1 reducing nitrate accompanied with H+ consumption, it should be reasonably deduced that the alkaline micro-environment of periplasm induced by strain BoFeN1 were vital for the transformation of lepidocrocite to magnetite triggered by trace Fe(II). However, in the Bio - [As]ini = 10 mg/L, more As adsorbed on GR inhibiting the adsorption of bacterium, so the alkaline micro-environment had no obvious effect on such transformation. This study helps to understand the interdependence between GR and anaerobic NRFO bacterium, and provides a new perspective for more effective As remediation strategies in anoxic groundwaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Ying Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Huanying Ge
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Haipu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, PR China.
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Liu Y, Xu L, Su J, Ali A, Huang T, Wang Y, Zhang P. Microbially driven Fe-N cycle: Intrinsic mechanisms, enhancement, and perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168084. [PMID: 37924885 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The iron‑nitrogen (FeN) cycle driven by microbes has great potential for treating wastewater. Fe is a metal that is frequently present in the environment and one of the crucial trace elements needed by microbes. Due to its synergistic role in the microbial N removal process, Fe goes much beyond the essential nutritional needs of microorganisms. Investigating the mechanisms behind the linked Fe-N cycle driven by microbes is crucial. The Fe-N cycle is frequently connected with anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox), nitrification, denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), Feammox, and simultaneous nitrification denitrification (SND), etc. Although the main mechanisms of Fe-mediated biological N removal may vary depending on the valence state of the Fe, their similar transformation pathways may provide information on the study of certain element-microbial interactions. This review offers a thorough analysis of the facilitation effect and influence of Fe on the removal of nitrogenous pollutants in various biological N removal processes and summarizes the ideal Fe dosing. Additionally, the synergistic mechanisms of Fe and microbial synergistic N removal process are elaborated, covering four aspects: enzyme activity, electron transfer, microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secretion, and microbial community interactions. The methods to improve biological N removal based on the intrinsic mechanism were also discussed, with the aim of thoroughly understanding the biological mechanisms of Fe in the microbial N removal process and providing a reference and thinking for employing Fe to promote microbial N removal in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Junfeng Su
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Amjad Ali
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Tinglin Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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Yang H, Deng L, Yang H, Xiao Y, Zheng D. Promotion of nitrogen removal in a zero-valent iron-mediated nitrogen removal system operated in co-substrate mode. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135779. [PMID: 35868531 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the performance and mechanism of nitrogen removal were investigated in a zero-valent iron-mediated nitrogen removal system operated in co-substrate mode with sodium acetate as the organic carbon source. The results showed that the additional organic matter had the capacity to promote NH4+-N and total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal with efficiencies of 91.09% and 84.10%, and increases of 60.06% and 75.32% compared with the control group, respectively. The organic matter also stimulated the production of extracellular polymer substances that reduced the passivation and toxicity of iron to microorganisms. The ammonia oxidation activity was 2.5 times higher than that in the control group, and the anammonia oxidation activity and denitrification activity were substantially higher than in the control group with TIN removal efficiencies of 1.02 and 1.19 mgN/(gVSS·d), respectively. In addition, the organic matter increased the enrichment of the heterotrophic denitrification bacterium Diaphorobacter and facultative iron salt-based bacterium Dechloromonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China; Chengdu Drainage Limited Liability Company, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Liangwei Deng
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongnan Yang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Youqian Xiao
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Zheng
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China.
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6
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Chakraborty A, Suchy M, Hubert CRJ, Ryan MC. Vertical stratification of microbial communities and isotope geochemistry tie groundwater denitrification to sampling location within a nitrate-contaminated aquifer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153092. [PMID: 35038526 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate pollution is a major threat to groundwater quality in agricultural areas. Natural attenuation of nitrate in contaminated aquifers is mediated by denitrifying microbial populations in anoxic environments. Vertical distribution of denitrifying microbial communities in aquifers is greatly influenced by groundwater redox conditions, local hydrogeological parameters, and seasonal variability in groundwater flow and recharge. In this study, we investigated groundwater geochemistry and the composition of bacterial and archaeal communities with increasing depth in a shallow nitrate-contaminated aquifer in British Columbia, Canada. High-resolution passive diffusion sampling was conducted to collect groundwater at 10-cm intervals from 4 to 20 m below ground surface (mbgs) in the aquifer. Geochemical analyses of major ions indicated a general shift in the groundwater chemistry below 16 mbgs including decreasing chloride concentrations that suggest two-end member mixing of shallow and deep groundwater with different chemistries. A redoxcline was further observed within a 2 m transition zone at 18-20 mbgs characterized by sharp declines in nitrate concentrations and increases in sulfate and total inorganic carbon. Excursions in δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3- in the same depth interval are consistent with denitrification, and a concomitant decrease in δ34S-SO42- suggested that denitrification was coupled to sulfide or sulfur oxidation. Microbial communities within this depth interval were significantly dissimilar to those above and below, featuring putative lithotrophic denitrifying bacteria belonging to the genera Sulfurifustis, Sulfuritalea and Sulfuricella. These lineages were detected in greatest abundance at 19 mbgs while the abundances of putative heterotrophic sulfate-reducing bacteria belonging to the genus Desulfosporosinus were greatest at 20 mbgs. In addition to help distinguish denitrification from mixing-induced changes in groundwater chemistry, the above observed vertical stratification of the microbial key players connects nitrate removal to the locations of the aquifer sampled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Martin Suchy
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Casey R J Hubert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Cathryn Ryan
- Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Liang Z, Yi J, Cao D, Shi J, Yang D, Dai L, Dai X. High concentration powder carrier bio-fluidized bed process: A new perspective for domestic wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:127015. [PMID: 35306133 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen removal mechanism of the high concentration powder carrier bio-fluidized bed (HPB) process was investigated with actual domestic wastewater. The micron-size (10-70 μm) powder carriers were diatomite and Fe-C. Results showed diatomite enriched the relative abundances of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, accordingly increasing the rate of nitrification. Even a 100% increase of genes associated with the ammonia oxidation was achieved. Fe-C enhanced the rate of substrate utilization mainly by increasing the activity of the electron transfer system. Hydrocyclone separator, as a key device of HPB, was able to recover the carriers with high efficiency (recovery efficiency of 72.66 ─ 82.50% after 75 days), thus, indirectly improving the functionality of the carriers. Furthermore, it could renew the surface of microbial aggregations, consequently improving the adsorption capacity to substrates. HPB could provide the feasibility of shortening the hydraulic retention time and expanding the capacity of wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Liang
- Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jing Yi
- Hunan Sanyou Environmental Protection Co. Ltd., Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Dawen Cao
- Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Hunan Sanyou Environmental Protection Co. Ltd., Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Juan Shi
- Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, PR China
| | - Donghai Yang
- Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Lingling Dai
- Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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8
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Price A, Macey MC, Pearson VK, Schwenzer SP, Ramkissoon NK, Olsson-Francis K. Oligotrophic Growth of Nitrate-Dependent Fe 2+-Oxidising Microorganisms Under Simulated Early Martian Conditions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:800219. [PMID: 35418959 PMCID: PMC8997339 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.800219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate-dependent Fe2+ oxidation (NDFO) is a microbially mediated process observed in many anaerobic, low-nutrient (oligotrophic) neutral-alkaline environments on Earth, which describes oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ in tandem with microbial nitrate reduction. Evidence suggests that similar environments existed on Mars during the Noachian epoch (4.1-3.7 Ga) and in periodic, localised environments more recently, indicating that NDFO metabolism could have played a role in a potential early martian biosphere. In this paper, three NDFO microorganisms, Acidovorax sp. strain BoFeN1, Pseudogulbenkiania sp. strain 2002 and Paracoccus sp. strain KS1, were assessed for their ability to grow oligotrophically in simulated martian brines and in a minimal medium with olivine as a solid Fe2+ source. These simulant-derived media were developed from modelled fluids based on the geochemistry of Mars sample locations at Rocknest (contemporary Mars soil), Paso Robles (sulphur-rich soil), Haematite Slope (haematite-rich soil) and a Shergottite meteorite (common basalt). The Shergottite medium was able to support growth of all three organisms, while the contemporary Mars medium supported growth of Acidovorax sp. strain BoFeN1 and Pseudogulbenkiania sp. strain 2002; however, growth was not accompanied by significant Fe2+ oxidation. Each of the strains was also able to grow in oligotrophic minimal media with olivine as the sole Fe2+ source. Biomineralised cells of Pseudogulbenkiania sp. strain 2002 were identified on the surface of the olivine, representing a potential biosignature for NDFO microorganisms in martian samples. The results suggest that NDFO microorganisms could have thrived in early martian groundwaters under oligotrophic conditions, depending on the local lithology. This can guide missions in identifying palaeoenvironments of interest for biosignature detection. Indeed, biomineralised cells identified on the olivine surface provide a previously unexplored mechanism for the preservation of morphological biosignatures in the martian geological record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Price
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C. Macey
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria K. Pearson
- School of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne P. Schwenzer
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Nisha K. Ramkissoon
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Olsson-Francis
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
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Wu S, You F, Boughton B, Liu Y, Nguyen TAH, Wykes J, Southam G, Robertson LM, Chan TS, Lu YR, Lutz A, Yu D, Yi Q, Saha N, Huang L. Chemodiversity of Dissolved Organic Matter and Its Molecular Changes Driven by Rhizosphere Activities in Fe Ore Tailings Undergoing Eco-Engineered Pedogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:13045-13060. [PMID: 34565140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in soil structure and biogeochemical function development, which are fundamental for the eco-engineering of tailings-soil formation to underpin sustainable tailings rehabilitation. In the present study, we have characterized the DOM composition and its molecular changes in an alkaline Fe ore tailing primed with organic matter (OM) amendment and plant colonization. The results demonstrated that microbial OM decomposition dramatically increased DOM richness and average molecular weight, as well as its degree of unsaturation, aromaticity, and oxidation in the tailings. Plant colonization drove molecular shifts of DOM by depleting the unsaturated compounds with a high value of nominal oxidation state of carbon (NOSC), such as tannin-like and carboxyl-rich polycyclic-like compounds. This may be partially related to their sequestration by secondary Fe-Si minerals formed from rhizosphere-driven mineral weathering. Furthermore, the molecular shifts of DOM may have also resulted from plant-regulated microbial community changes, which further influenced DOM molecules through microbial-DOM interactions. These findings contribute to the understanding of DOM biogeochemistry and ecofunctionality in the tailings during early pedogenesis driven by OM input and pioneer plant/microbial colonization, providing an important basis for the development of strategies and technologies toward the eco-engineering of tailings-soil formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Wu
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Fang You
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Berin Boughton
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Yunjia Liu
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Tuan A H Nguyen
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jeremy Wykes
- Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Gordon Southam
- School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Lachlan M Robertson
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ting-Shan Chan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Centre, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Rui Lu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Centre, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Adrian Lutz
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Dingyi Yu
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Qing Yi
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Narottam Saha
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Longbin Huang
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Zhao S, Jin Q, Sheng Y, Agrawal A, Guo D, Dong H. Promotion of Microbial Oxidation of Structural Fe(II) in Nontronite by Oxalate and NTA. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13026-13035. [PMID: 32845130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Iron redox cycling occurs extensively in soils and sediments. Previous research has focused on microbially mediated redox cycling of aqueous Fe. At circumneutral pH, most Fe occurs in solid phase, where Fe and organic ligands interact closely. However, the role of organic ligands in microbial oxidation of solid-phase Fe(II) is not well understood. Here, we incubated reduced nontronite NAu-2 (rNAu-2) with an iron-oxidizing bacterium and in the presence of oxalate and nitrilotriacetic acid. These ligands significantly enhanced the rate and extent of microbial oxidation of structural Fe(II) in rNAu-2. Aqueous and solid-phase analyses, coupled with biogeochemical modeling, revealed a pathway for ligand-enhanced bio-oxidation of solid-phase Fe(II): (1) dissolution of rNAu-2 to form aqueous Fe(II)-ligand complex; (2) bio-oxidation to Fe(III)-ligand complex; (3) rapid reduction of Fe(III)-ligand complex to Fe(II)-ligand complex by structural Fe(II) in rNAu-2. In this process, the Fe(II)-ligand and Fe(III)-ligand complexes effectively serve as electron shuttle to expand the bioavailable pool of solid-phase Fe(II). These results have important implications for a better understanding of the bioavailability and reactivity of solid-phase Fe pool in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Zhao
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Qusheng Jin
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Yizhi Sheng
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Abinash Agrawal
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, United States
| | - Dongyi Guo
- Geomicrobiology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hailiang Dong
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
- Geomicrobiology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
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11
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Xiu W, Yu X, Guo H, Yuan W, Ke T, Liu G, Tao J, Hou W, Dong H. Facilitated arsenic immobilization by biogenic ferrihydrite-goethite biphasic Fe(III) minerals (Fh-Gt Bio-bi-minerals). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 225:755-764. [PMID: 30903849 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic iron(III) minerals (BIM) widely occur in aquatic systems. However, characteristics and mechanisms of As sequestration by biogenic biphasic Fe(III) minerals (Bio-bi-minerals) are not clearly understood. We investigated characteristics of Bio-bi-minerals induced by Pseudogulbenkiania sp. strain 2002 and explored their As sequestration mechanisms by monitoring particle morphology, mineralogical composition, and As binding properties. Results showed that Fe(II) oxidation (about 3 mM) by Pseudogulbenkiania sp. strain 2002 under growth condition produced biogenic ferrihydrite-goethite biphasic Fe(III) minerals (Fh-Gt Bio-bi-minerals), which showed better performance in As immobilization compared to corresponding biogenic monophasic Fe(III) minerals (Bio-mono-minerals). Decreased particle size, increased abundance of ferrihydrite and occurrence of bidentate mononuclear edge-sharing (2E) and monodentate mononuclear edge-sharing As complexes (1V) contributed to enhanced As immobilization by Fh-Gt Bio-bi-minerals. We suggest that the Bio-bi-minerals have the potential to illuminate As biogeochemical cycles in aquatic systems and to remediate As and nitrate co-contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xiaonuo Yu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Huaming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Wenjie Yuan
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Tiantian Ke
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Guangyao Liu
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jing Tao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Anshan Normal College, Anshan 114016, PR China
| | - Weiguo Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Hailiang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
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12
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Liu T, Chen D, Li X, Li F. Microbially mediated coupling of nitrate reduction and Fe(II) oxidation under anoxic conditions. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 95:5371120. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tongxu Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Fangbai Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
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13
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Guo Q, Li N, Bing Y, Chen S, Zhang Z, Chang S, Chen Y, Xie S. Denitrifier communities impacted by heavy metal contamination in freshwater sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:426-432. [PMID: 30005255 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are widely detected in natural environments, however their impacts on denitrifier community in freshwater ecosystem remain unclear. The present study investigated the changes of denitrifier communities (based on nosZ (nitrous oxide reductase) gene) in a freshwater reservoir contaminated by a severe accidental spill of heavy metals. The abundance of nosZ-denitrifiers drastically decreased, and their community richness, diversity and structure also showed considerable variations. The mainly detected denitrifying bacteria included Pseudogulbenkiania, Pseudomonas and two unknown groups. These major nosZ-denitrifier groups responded in different ways to heavy metal pollution. Metal contamination could exert a profound influence on denitrifier community in freshwater sediment. This work could provide some new insights to the impact of metal pollution on nitrogen cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Guo
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environment Protection (MEP), Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Ningning Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongxin Bing
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environment Protection (MEP), Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Sili Chen
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environment Protection (MEP), Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Zhengke Zhang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environment Protection (MEP), Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Sha Chang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environment Protection (MEP), Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yao Chen
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environment Protection (MEP), Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Shuguang Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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14
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Kiskira K, Papirio S, Fourdrin C, van Hullebusch ED, Esposito G. Effect of Cu, Ni and Zn on Fe(II)-driven autotrophic denitrification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 218:209-219. [PMID: 29680753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fe(II)-mediated autotrophic denitrification in the presence of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) with four different microbial cultures was investigated in batch bioassays. In the absence of metals, complete nitrate removal and Fe(II) oxidation were achieved with a Thiobacillus-dominated mixed culture and Pseudogulbenkiania sp. 2002 after 7 d. A nitrate removal of 96 and 91% was observed with a pure culture of T. denitrificans and an activated sludge enrichment, respectively, after 10 d of incubation. Cu, Ni and Zn were then supplemented at an initial concentration of 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg Me/L. A decrease of approximately 50% of the soluble metal concentrations occurred in the first 4 d of denitrification, due to metal precipitation, co-precipitation, sorption onto iron (hydr)oxides, and probably sorption onto biomass. A higher sensitivity to metal toxicity was observed for the microbial pure cultures. Pseudogulbenkiania sp. 2002 was the least tolerant among the biomasses tested, resulting in only 6, 8 and 6% nitrate removal for the highest Cu, Ni and Zn concentrations, respectively. In contrast, the highest nitrate removal efficiency and specific rates were achieved with the Thiobacillus-dominated mixed culture, which better tolerated the presence of metals. Averagely, Cu resulted in the highest inhibition of nitrate removal, followed by Zn and Ni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Kiskira
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio 43, 03043, Cassino, FR, Italy.
| | - Stefano Papirio
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125, Napoli, Italy
| | - Chloé Fourdrin
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), EA 4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Eric D van Hullebusch
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), EA 4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France; IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, P.O. Box 3015, 2601, DA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio 43, 03043, Cassino, FR, Italy
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15
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Price A, Pearson VK, Schwenzer SP, Miot J, Olsson-Francis K. Nitrate-Dependent Iron Oxidation: A Potential Mars Metabolism. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:513. [PMID: 29616015 PMCID: PMC5869265 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This work considers the hypothetical viability of microbial nitrate-dependent Fe2+ oxidation (NDFO) for supporting simple life in the context of the early Mars environment. This draws on knowledge built up over several decades of remote and in situ observation, as well as recent discoveries that have shaped current understanding of early Mars. Our current understanding is that certain early martian environments fulfill several of the key requirements for microbes with NDFO metabolism. First, abundant Fe2+ has been identified on Mars and provides evidence of an accessible electron donor; evidence of anoxia suggests that abiotic Fe2+ oxidation by molecular oxygen would not have interfered and competed with microbial iron metabolism in these environments. Second, nitrate, which can be used by some iron oxidizing microorganisms as an electron acceptor, has also been confirmed in modern aeolian and ancient sediment deposits on Mars. In addition to redox substrates, reservoirs of both organic and inorganic carbon are available for biosynthesis, and geochemical evidence suggests that lacustrine systems during the hydrologically active Noachian period (4.1-3.7 Ga) match the circumneutral pH requirements of nitrate-dependent iron-oxidizing microorganisms. As well as potentially acting as a primary producer in early martian lakes and fluvial systems, the light-independent nature of NDFO suggests that such microbes could have persisted in sub-surface aquifers long after the desiccation of the surface, provided that adequate carbon and nitrates sources were prevalent. Traces of NDFO microorganisms may be preserved in the rock record by biomineralization and cellular encrustation in zones of high Fe2+ concentrations. These processes could produce morphological biosignatures, preserve distinctive Fe-isotope variation patterns, and enhance preservation of biological organic compounds. Such biosignatures could be detectable by future missions to Mars with appropriate instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Price
- Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria K. Pearson
- Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne P. Schwenzer
- Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Jennyfer Miot
- CNRS, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Sorbonne Universités, UMR 7590, Paris, France
| | - Karen Olsson-Francis
- Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
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16
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Usman M, Byrne JM, Chaudhary A, Orsetti S, Hanna K, Ruby C, Kappler A, Haderlein SB. Magnetite and Green Rust: Synthesis, Properties, and Environmental Applications of Mixed-Valent Iron Minerals. Chem Rev 2018; 118:3251-3304. [PMID: 29465223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-valent iron [Fe(II)-Fe(III)] minerals such as magnetite and green rust have received a significant amount of attention over recent decades, especially in the environmental sciences. These mineral phases are intrinsic and essential parts of biogeochemical cycling of metals and organic carbon and play an important role regarding the mobility, toxicity, and redox transformation of organic and inorganic pollutants. The formation pathways, mineral properties, and applications of magnetite and green rust are currently active areas of research in geochemistry, environmental mineralogy, geomicrobiology, material sciences, environmental engineering, and environmental remediation. These aspects ultimately dictate the reactivity of magnetite and green rust in the environment, which has important consequences for the application of these mineral phases, for example in remediation strategies. In this review we discuss the properties, occurrence, formation by biotic as well as abiotic pathways, characterization techniques, and environmental applications of magnetite and green rust in the environment. The aim is to present a detailed overview of the key aspects related to these mineral phases which can be used as an important resource for researchers working in a diverse range of fields dealing with mixed-valent iron minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Usman
- Environmental Mineralogy, Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany.,Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad 38040 , Pakistan
| | - J M Byrne
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany
| | - A Chaudhary
- Environmental Mineralogy, Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany.,Department of Environmental Science and Engineering , Government College University Faisalabad 38000 , Pakistan
| | - S Orsetti
- Environmental Mineralogy, Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany
| | - K Hanna
- Univ Rennes, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes , CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - C Ruby
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement , UMR 7564 CNRS-Université de Lorraine , 54600 Villers-Lès-Nancy , France
| | - A Kappler
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany
| | - S B Haderlein
- Environmental Mineralogy, Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany
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17
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Kiskira K, Papirio S, van Hullebusch ED, Esposito G. Influence of pH, EDTA/Fe(II) ratio, and microbial culture on Fe(II)-mediated autotrophic denitrification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:21323-21333. [PMID: 28741211 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fe(II)-mediated autotrophic denitrification with four different microbial cultures under different pH and EDTA/Fe(II) conditions was investigated in batch bioassays. Initially, the highest nitrate removal (72%) was achieved with an activated sludge inoculum. The use of pure cultures of Pseudogulbenkiania strain 2002 and Thiobacillus denitrificans resulted in a 55 and 52% nitrate removal, respectively. No denitrification was observed for a mixed culture dominated by Thiobacillus thioparus and T. denitrificans. A longer enrichment on Fe(II) and the supplementation of thiosulfate as additional electron donor were needed to stimulate the denitrifying activity of the Thiobacillus-mixed culture. A second subculture on Fe(II) as sole electron donor resulted in higher denitrification efficiencies for all microbial cultures. In particular, nitrate removal reached up to 84% with a specific nitrate removal rate of 1.160 mM·(g VSS·day)-1 in the bioassays seeded with the Thiobacillus-mixed culture. All cultures were favored by decreasing the EDTA/Fe(II) molar ratio from 2.0 to 0.5. The most significant denitrification enhancement was observed for the Pseudogulbenkiania species, indicating a lower tolerance to EDTA. The two pure cultures effectively maintained denitrification at pH 7.0 and were more sensitive to a pH decrease. Conversely, the optimal pH was 6.0 for the Thiobacillus-mixed and activated sludge cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Kiskira
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio 43, 03043, Cassino (FR), Italy.
| | - Stefano Papirio
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Napoli "Federico II", Via Claudio 21, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Eric Didier van Hullebusch
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), Université Paris-Est, EA 4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio 43, 03043, Cassino (FR), Italy
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Insights into Nitrate-Reducing Fe(II) Oxidation Mechanisms through Analysis of Cell-Mineral Associations, Cell Encrustation, and Mineralogy in the Chemolithoautotrophic Enrichment Culture KS. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.00752-17. [PMID: 28455336 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00752-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most described nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (NRFeOB) are mixotrophic and depend on organic cosubstrates for growth. Encrustation of cells in Fe(III) minerals has been observed for mixotrophic NRFeOB but not for autotrophic phototrophic and microaerophilic Fe(II) oxidizers. So far, little is known about cell-mineral associations in the few existing autotrophic NRFeOB. Here, we investigate whether the designated autotrophic Fe(II)-oxidizing strain (closely related to Gallionella and Sideroxydans) or the heterotrophic nitrate reducers that are present in the autotrophic nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizing enrichment culture KS form mineral crusts during Fe(II) oxidation under autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions. In the mixed culture, we found no significant encrustation of any of the cells both during autotrophic oxidation of 8 to 10 mM Fe(II) coupled to nitrate reduction and during cultivation under mixotrophic conditions with 8 to 10 mM Fe(II), 5 mM acetate, and 4 mM nitrate, where higher numbers of heterotrophic nitrate reducers were present. Two pure cultures of heterotrophic nitrate reducers (Nocardioides and Rhodanobacter) isolated from culture KS were analyzed under mixotrophic growth conditions. We found green rust formation, no cell encrustation, and only a few mineral particles on some cell surfaces with 5 mM Fe(II) and some encrustation with 10 mM Fe(II). Our findings suggest that enzymatic, autotrophic Fe(II) oxidation coupled to nitrate reduction forms poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxyhydroxides and proceeds without cellular encrustation while indirect Fe(II) oxidation via heterotrophic nitrate-reduction-derived nitrite can lead to green rust as an intermediate mineral and significant cell encrustation. The extent of encrustation caused by indirect Fe(II) oxidation by reactive nitrogen species depends on Fe(II) concentrations and is probably negligible under environmental conditions in most habitats.IMPORTANCE Most described nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (NRFeOB) are mixotrophic (their growth depends on organic cosubstrates) and can become encrusted in Fe(III) minerals. Encrustation is expected to be harmful and poses a threat to cells if it also occurs under environmentally relevant conditions. Nitrite produced during heterotrophic denitrification reacts with Fe(II) abiotically and is probably the reason for encrustation in mixotrophic NRFeOB. Little is known about cell-mineral associations in autotrophic NRFeOB such as the enrichment culture KS. Here, we show that no encrustation occurs in culture KS under autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions while heterotrophic nitrate-reducing isolates from culture KS become encrusted. These findings support the hypothesis that encrustation in mixotrophic cultures is caused by the abiotic reaction of Fe(II) with nitrite and provide evidence that Fe(II) oxidation in culture KS is enzymatic. Furthermore, we show that the extent of encrustation caused by indirect Fe(II) oxidation by reactive nitrogen species depends on Fe(II) concentrations and is probably negligible in most environmental habitats.
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19
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Ishii S, Ashida N, Ohno H, Segawa T, Yabe S, Otsuka S, Yokota A, Senoo K. Noviherbaspirillum denitrificans sp. nov., a denitrifying bacterium isolated from rice paddy soil and Noviherbaspirillum autotrophicum sp. nov., a denitrifying, facultatively autotrophic bacterium isolated from rice paddy soil and proposal to reclassify Herbaspirillum massiliense as Noviherbaspirillum massiliense comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ishii
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Soil, Water and Climate, BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Naoaki Ashida
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohno
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Segawa
- Present address: Center for Life Science Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- Transdisciplinary Research Integration Center, Tokyo, Japan
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yabe
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology for Future Bioindustries, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeto Otsuka
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Yokota
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology for Future Bioindustries, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keishi Senoo
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang X, Li A, Szewzyk U, Ma F. Improvement of biological nitrogen removal with nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation bacterium Aquabacterium parvum B6 in an up-flow bioreactor for wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 219:624-631. [PMID: 27544912 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aquabacterium parvum strain B6 exhibited efficient nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation ability using nitrate as an electron acceptor. A continuous up-flow bioreactor that included an aerobic and an anoxic section was constructed, and strain B6 was added to the bioreactor as inocula to explore the application of microbial nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidizing (NDFO) efficiency in wastewater treatment. The maximum NRE (anoxic section) and TNRE of 46.9% and 79.7%, respectively, could be obtained at a C/N ratio of 5.3:1 in the influent with HRT of 17. Meanwhile, the taxonomy composition of the reactor was assessed, as well. The NDFO metabolism of strain B6 could be expected because of its relatively dominant position in the anoxic section, whereas potential heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification developed into the prevailing status in the aerobic section after 50days of continuous operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Department of Environmental Microbiology, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin 10587, Germany
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ulrich Szewzyk
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin 10587, Germany
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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21
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Ishii S, Joikai K, Otsuka S, Senoo K, Okabe S. Denitrification and Nitrate-Dependent Fe(II) Oxidation in Various Pseudogulbenkiania Strains. Microbes Environ 2016; 31:293-8. [PMID: 27431373 PMCID: PMC5017806 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me16001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudogulbenkiania is a relatively recently characterized genus within the order Neisseriales, class Betaproteobacteria. This genus contains several strains that are capable of anaerobic, nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation (NDFO), a geochemically important reaction for nitrogen and iron cycles. In the present study, we examined denitrification functional gene diversities within this genus, and clarified whether other Pseudogulbenkiania sp. strains perform denitrification and NDFO. Seventy strains were analyzed, including two type strains, a well-characterized NDFO strain, and 67 denitrifying strains isolated from various rice paddy fields and rice-soybean rotation fields in Japan. We also attempted to identify the genes responsible for NDFO by mutagenesis. Our comprehensive analysis showed that all Pseudogulbenkiania strains tested performed denitrification and NDFO; however, we were unable to obtain NDFO-deficient denitrifying mutants in our mutagenesis experiment. This result suggests that Fe(II) oxidation in these strains is not enzymatic, but is caused by reactive N-species that are formed during nitrate reduction. Based on the results of the comparative genome analysis among Pseudogulbenkiania sp. strains, we identified low sequence similarity within the nos gene as well as different gene arrangements within the nos gene cluster, suggesting that nos genes were horizontally transferred. Since Pseudogulbenkiania sp. strains have been isolated from various locations around the world, their denitrification and NDFO abilities may contribute significantly to nitrogen and iron biogeochemical cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ishii
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate; BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108–6106USA
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido UniversityKita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060–8628Japan
| | - Kazuki Joikai
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido UniversityKita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060–8628Japan
| | - Shigeto Otsuka
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo1–1–1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8657Japan
| | - Keishi Senoo
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo1–1–1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8657Japan
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido UniversityKita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060–8628Japan
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Xiu W, Guo H, Shen J, Liu S, Ding S, Hou W, Ma J, Dong H. Stimulation of Fe(II) Oxidation, Biogenic Lepidocrocite Formation, and Arsenic Immobilization by Pseudogulbenkiania Sp. Strain 2002. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:6449-6458. [PMID: 27223602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An anaerobic nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterium, Pseudogulbenkiania sp. strain 2002, was used to investigate As immobilization by biogenic Fe oxyhydroxides under different initial molar ratios of Fe/As in solutions. Results showed that Fe(II) was effectively oxidized, mainly forming lepidocrocite, which immobilized more As(III) than As(V) without changing the redox state of As. When the initial Fe/As ratios were kept constant, higher initial Fe(II) concentrations immobilized more As with higher Asimmobilized/Feprecipitated in biogenic lepidocrocite. EXAFS analysis showed that variations of initial Fe(II) concentrations did not change the As-Fe complexes (bidentate binuclear complexes ((2)C)) with a fixed As(III) or As(V) initial concentration of 13.3 μM. On the other hand, variations in initial As concentrations but fixed Fe(II) initial concentration induced the co-occurrence of bidentate binuclear and bidentate mononuclear complexes ((2)E) and bidentate binuclear and monodentate mononuclear complexes ((1)V) for As(III) and As(V)-treated series, respectively. The coexistence of (2)C and (2)E complexes (or (2)C and (1)V complexes) could contribute to higher As removal in experimental series with higher initial Fe(II) concentrations at the same initial Fe/As ratio. Simultaneous removal of soluble As and nitrate by anaerobic nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria provides a feasible approach for in situ remediation of As-nitrate cocontaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Huaming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxing Shen
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Susu Ding
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Hailiang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083, P.R. China
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Draft Genome Sequence of a Potential Nitrate-Dependent Fe(II)-Oxidizing Bacterium, Aquabacterium parvum B6. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/1/e01651-15. [PMID: 26823591 PMCID: PMC4732344 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01651-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aquabacterium parvum B6 is a potential nitrate-dependent Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterium. The genes related to its denitrifying mechanism and iron metabolisms were unknown. We present the draft genome of Aquabacterium parvum B6, which could provide further insight into the nitrate-dependent Fe(II)-oxidizing mechanism of strain B6.
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Zhou J, Wang H, Yang K, Ji B, Chen D, Zhang H, Sun Y, Tian J. Autotrophic denitrification by nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation in a continuous up-flow biofilter. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 39:277-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Sedláček I, Kwon SW, Švec P, Mašlanˇová I, Kýrová K, Holochová P, Černohlávková J, Busse HJ. Aquitalea pelogenes sp. nov., isolated from mineral peloid. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 66:962-967. [PMID: 26637813 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Strain P1297T was isolated in the frame of a project aimed on the psychrotolerant microbiota occurring in water sources. The strain initially identified as a tentative species of the genus Aeromonas was rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic and oxidase-positive. Subsequently, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed strain P1297T within the class Betaproteobacteria and showed Aquitalea magnusonii TRO-001DR8T as the closest phylogenetic relative with 99.28 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Digital DDH and average nucleotide identity (ANI) were determined to evaluate the genomic relationship between strain P1297T and Aquitalea magnusonii CCM 7607T. Digital DDH estimation (31.3 ± 2.46 %) as well as ANI (85.6001 %; reciprocal value 85.3277 %) proved the dissimilarity of strain P1297T. Further investigation using phenotyping, automated ribotyping, whole-cell protein profiling and PCR-fingerprinting methods showed a distinct taxonomic position of strain P1297T among hitherto described species of the genus Aquitalea. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed low binding values between strain P1297T and Aquitalea magnusonii CCM 7607T (57 ± 3 %) and Aquitalea denitrificans CCM 7935T (41 ± 5 %). The DNA G+C content of strain P1297T was 60.3 mol%. The predominant fatty acids were C16 : 1ω7c/ iso-C15 : 0 2-OH (47.0 %), C16 : 0 (24.5 %) and C18 : 1ω7c (10.6 %), and the quinone system contained predominantly ubiquinone Q-8. The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and one unidentified aminophospholipid. Obtained results of genotypic and chemotaxonomic methods clearly proved that strain P1297T represents a novel species of the genus Aquitalea, for which the name Aquitalea pelogenes sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is P1297T ( = CCM 7557T = LMG 28989T = CCUG 67440T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Sedláček
- Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Soon-Wo Kwon
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 565-851, Republic of Korea
| | - Pavel Švec
- Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Mašlanˇová
- Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Kýrová
- Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Holochová
- Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Černohlávková
- Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hans-Jürgen Busse
- Institut für Bakteriology, Mykology und Hygiene, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Wien, Austria
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Wang R, Zheng P, Zhang M, Zhao HP, Ji JY, Zhou XX, Li W. Bioaugmentation of nitrate-dependent anaerobic ferrous oxidation by heterotrophic denitrifying sludge addition: A promising way for promotion of chemoautotrophic denitrification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 197:410-415. [PMID: 26348287 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate-dependent anaerobic ferrous oxidation (NAFO) is a new and valuable bio-process for the treatment of wastewaters with low C/N ratio, and the NAFO process is in state of the art. The heterotrophic denitrifying sludge (HDS), possessing NAFO activity, was used as bioaugmentation to enhance NAFO efficiency. At a dosage of 6% (V/V), the removal of nitrate and ferrous was 2.4 times and 2.3 times of as primary, and the volumetric removal rate (VRR) of nitrate and ferrous was 2.4 times and 2.2 times of as primary. Tracing experiments of HDS indicated that the bioaugmentation on NAFO reactor was resulted from the NAFO activity by HDS itself. The predominant bacteria in HDS were identified as Thauera (52.5%) and Hyphomicrobium (20.0%) which were typical denitrifying bacteria and had potential ability to oxidize ferrous. In conclusion, HDS could serve as bioaugmentation or a new seeding sludge for operating high-efficiency NAFO reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - He-Ping Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jun-Yuan Ji
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xin Zhou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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Zhao L, Dong H, Kukkadapu RK, Zeng Q, Edelmann RE, Pentrák M, Agrawal A. Biological redox cycling of iron in nontronite and its potential application in nitrate removal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:5493-5501. [PMID: 25873540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological redox cycling of structural Fe in phyllosilicates is an important but poorly understood process. The objective of this research was to study microbially mediated redox cycles of Fe in nontronite (NAu-2). During the reduction phase, structural Fe(III) in NAu-2 served as electron acceptor, lactate as electron donor, AQDS as electron shuttle, and dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacterium Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 as mediator in bicarbonate- and PIPES-buffered media. During the oxidation phase, biogenic Fe(II) served as electron donor and nitrate as electron acceptor. Nitrate-dependent Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterium Pseudogulbenkiania sp. strain 2002 was added as mediator in the same media. For all three cycles, structural Fe in NAu-2 was able to reversibly undergo three redox cycles without significant dissolution. Fe(II) in bioreduced samples occurred in two distinct environments, at edges and in the interior of the NAu-2 structure. Nitrate reduction to nitrogen gas was coupled with oxidation of edge-Fe(II) and part of interior-Fe(II) under both buffer conditions, and its extent and rate did not change with Fe redox cycles. These results suggest that biological redox cycling of structural Fe in phyllosilicates is a reversible process and has important implications for biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and other nutrients in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hailiang Dong
- §Geomicrobiology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ravi K Kukkadapu
- ⊥Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Qiang Zeng
- §Geomicrobiology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | | | - Martin Pentrák
- ¶Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Abinash Agrawal
- ∥Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, United States
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28
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Klueglein N, Picardal F, Zedda M, Zwiener C, Kappler A. Oxidation of Fe(II)-EDTA by nitrite and by two nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizing Acidovorax strains. GEOBIOLOGY 2015; 13:198-207. [PMID: 25612223 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic oxidation of Fe(II) by nitrate-reducing bacteria was first suggested about two decades ago. It has since been found that most strains are mixotrophic and need an additional organic co-substrate for complete and prolonged Fe(II) oxidation. Research during the last few years has tried to determine to what extent the observed Fe(II) oxidation is driven enzymatically, or abiotically by nitrite produced during heterotrophic denitrification. A recent study reported that nitrite was not able to oxidize Fe(II)-EDTA abiotically, but the addition of the mixotrophic nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizer, Acidovorax sp. strain 2AN, led to Fe(II) oxidation (Chakraborty & Picardal, 2013). This, along with other results of that study, was used to argue that Fe(II) oxidation in strain 2AN was enzymatically catalyzed. However, the absence of abiotic Fe(II)-EDTA oxidation by nitrite reported in that study contrasts with previously published data. We have repeated the abiotic and biotic experiments and observed rapid abiotic oxidation of Fe(II)-EDTA by nitrite, resulting in the formation of Fe(III)-EDTA and the green Fe(II)-EDTA-NO complex. Additionally, we found that cultivating the Acidovorax strains BoFeN1 and 2AN with 10 mM nitrate, 5 mm acetate, and approximately 10 mM Fe(II)-EDTA resulted only in incomplete Fe(II)-EDTA oxidation of 47-71%. Cultures of strain BoFeN1 turned green (due to the presence of Fe(II)-EDTA-NO) and the green color persisted over the course of the experiments, whereas strain 2AN was able to further oxidize the Fe(II)-EDTA-NO complex. Our work shows that the two used Acidovorax strains behave very differently in their ability to deal with toxic effects of Fe-EDTA species and the further reduction of the Fe(II)-EDTA-NO nitrosyl complex. Although the enzymatic oxidation of Fe(II) cannot be ruled out, this study underlines the importance of nitrite in nitrate-reducing Fe(II)- and Fe(II)-EDTA-oxidizing cultures and demonstrates that Fe(II)-EDTA cannot be used to demonstrate unequivocally the enzymatic oxidation of Fe(II) by mixotrophic Fe(II)-oxidizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Klueglein
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Zhang M, Zheng P, Li W, Wang R, Ding S, Abbas G. Performance of nitrate-dependent anaerobic ferrous oxidizing (NAFO) process: a novel prospective technology for autotrophic denitrification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 179:543-548. [PMID: 25576990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate-dependent anaerobic ferrous oxidizing (NAFO) is a valuable biological process, which utilizes ferrous iron to convert nitrate into nitrogen gas, removing nitrogen from wastewater. In this work, the performance of NAFO process was investigated as a nitrate removal technology. The results showed that NAFO system was feasible for autotrophic denitrification. The volumetric loading rate (VLR) and volumetric removal rate (VRR) under steady state were 0.159±0.01 kg-N/(m(3) d) and 0.073±0.01 kg-N/(m(3) d), respectively. In NAFO system, the effluent pH was suggested as an indicator which demonstrated a good correlation with nitrogen removal. The nitrate concentration was preferred to be less than 130 mg-N/L. Organic matters had little influence on NAFO performance. Abundant iron compounds were revealed to accumulate in NAFO sludge with peak value of 51.73% (wt), and they could be recycled for phosphorus removal, with capacity of 16.57 mg-P/g VS and removal rate of 94.77±2.97%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuang Ding
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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30
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Zhang M, Zheng P, Wang R, Li W, Lu H, Zhang J. Nitrate-dependent anaerobic ferrous oxidation (NAFO) by denitrifying bacteria: a perspective autotrophic nitrogen pollution control technology. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 117:604-609. [PMID: 25461924 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The nitrate-dependent anaerobic ferrous oxidation (NAFO) is an important discovery in the fields of microbiology and geology, which is a valuable biological reaction since it can convert nitrate into nitrogen gas, removing nitrogen from wastewater. The research on NAFO can promote the development of novel autotrophic biotechnologies for nitrogen pollution control and get a deep insight into the biogeochemical cycles. In this work, batch experiments were conducted with denitrifying bacteria as biocatalyst to investigate the performance of nitrogen removal by NAFO. The results showed that the denitrifying bacteria were capable of chemolithotrophic denitrification with ferrous salt as electron donor, namely NAFO. And the maximum nitrate conversion rates (qmax) reached 57.89 mg (g VSS d)−1, which was the rate-limiting step in NAFO. Fe/N ratio, temperature and initial pH had significant influences on nitrogen removal by NAFO process, and their optimal values were 2.0 °C, 30.15 °C and 8.0 °C, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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31
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Melton ED, Swanner ED, Behrens S, Schmidt C, Kappler A. The interplay of microbially mediated and abiotic reactions in the biogeochemical Fe cycle. Nat Rev Microbiol 2014; 12:797-808. [DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro3347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Potential role of nitrite for abiotic Fe(II) oxidation and cell encrustation during nitrate reduction by denitrifying bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 80:1051-61. [PMID: 24271182 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03277-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms have been observed to oxidize Fe(II) at neutral pH under anoxic and microoxic conditions. While most of the mixotrophic nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria become encrusted with Fe(III)-rich minerals, photoautotrophic and microaerophilic Fe(II) oxidizers avoid cell encrustation. The Fe(II) oxidation mechanisms and the reasons for encrustation remain largely unresolved. Here we used cultivation-based methods and electron microscopy to compare two previously described nitrate-reducing Fe(II) oxidizers ( Acidovorax sp. strain BoFeN1 and Pseudogulbenkiania sp. strain 2002) and two heterotrophic nitrate reducers (Paracoccus denitrificans ATCC 19367 and P. denitrificans Pd 1222). All four strains oxidized ∼8 mM Fe(II) within 5 days in the presence of 5 mM acetate and accumulated nitrite (maximum concentrations of 0.8 to 1.0 mM) in the culture media. Iron(III) minerals, mainly goethite, formed and precipitated extracellularly in close proximity to the cell surface. Interestingly, mineral formation was also observed within the periplasm and cytoplasm; intracellular mineralization is expected to be physiologically disadvantageous, yet acetate consumption continued to be observed even at an advanced stage of Fe(II) oxidation. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were detected by lectin staining with fluorescence microscopy, particularly in the presence of Fe(II), suggesting that EPS production is a response to Fe(II) toxicity or a strategy to decrease encrustation. Based on the data presented here, we propose a nitrite-driven, indirect mechanism of cell encrustation whereby nitrite forms during heterotrophic denitrification and abiotically oxidizes Fe(II). This work adds to the known assemblage of Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria in nature and complicates our ability to delineate microbial Fe(II) oxidation in ancient microbes preserved as fossils in the geological record.
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Woo HL, Hazen TC, Simmons BA, DeAngelis KM. Enzyme activities of aerobic lignocellulolytic bacteria isolated from wet tropical forest soils. Syst Appl Microbiol 2013; 37:60-7. [PMID: 24238986 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulolytic bacteria have promised to be a fruitful source of new enzymes for next-generation lignocellulosic biofuel production. Puerto Rican tropical forest soils were targeted because the resident microbes decompose biomass quickly and to near-completion. Isolates were initially screened based on growth on cellulose or lignin in minimal media. 75 Isolates were further tested for the following lignocellulolytic enzyme activities: phenol oxidase, peroxidase, β-d-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, β-xylopyranosidase, chitinase, CMCase, and xylanase. Cellulose-derived isolates possessed elevated β-d-glucosidase, CMCase, and cellobiohydrolase activity but depressed phenol oxidase and peroxidase activity, while the contrary was true of lignin isolates, suggesting that these bacteria are specialized to subsist on cellulose or lignin. Cellobiohydrolase and phenol oxidase activity rates could classify lignin and cellulose isolates with 61% accuracy, which demonstrates the utility of model degradation assays. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, all isolates belonged to phyla dominant in the Puerto Rican soils, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, suggesting that many dominant taxa are capable of the rapid lignocellulose degradation characteristic of these soils. The isolated genera Aquitalea, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Cupriavidus, Gordonia, and Paenibacillus represent rarely or never before studied lignolytic or cellulolytic species and were undetected by metagenomic analysis of the soils. The study revealed a relationship between phylogeny and lignocellulose-degrading potential, supported by Kruskal-Wallis statistics which showed that enzyme activities of cultivated phyla and genera were different enough to be considered representatives of distinct populations. This can better inform future experiments and enzyme discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Woo
- Microbial Communities Group, Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, United States; Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The University of Tennessee, United States
| | - Terry C Hazen
- Microbial Communities Group, Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, United States; Earth Sciences Division, Ecology Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The University of Tennessee, United States; Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, United States; Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, The University of Tennessee, United States; Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States
| | - Blake A Simmons
- Microbial Communities Group, Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, United States; Biomass Science and Conversion Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories, United States
| | - Kristen M DeAngelis
- Microbial Communities Group, Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, United States; Earth Sciences Division, Ecology Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States; Microbiology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States.
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Beller HR, Zhou P, Legler TC, Chakicherla A, Kane S, Letain TE, A O'Day P. Genome-enabled studies of anaerobic, nitrate-dependent iron oxidation in the chemolithoautotrophic bacterium Thiobacillus denitrificans. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:249. [PMID: 24065960 PMCID: PMC3753534 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiobacillus denitrificans is a chemolithoautotrophic bacterium capable of anaerobic, nitrate-dependent U(IV) and Fe(II) oxidation, both of which can strongly influence the long-term efficacy of in situ reductive immobilization of uranium in contaminated aquifers. We previously identified two c-type cytochromes involved in nitrate-dependent U(IV) oxidation in T. denitrificans and hypothesized that c-type cytochromes would also catalyze Fe(II) oxidation, as they have been found to play this role in anaerobic phototrophic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria. Here we report on efforts to identify genes associated with nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation, namely (a) whole-genome transcriptional studies [using FeCO3, Fe(2) (+), and U(IV) oxides as electron donors under denitrifying conditions], (b) Fe(II) oxidation assays performed with knockout mutants targeting primarily highly expressed or upregulated c-type cytochromes, and (c) random transposon-mutagenesis studies with screening for Fe(II) oxidation. Assays of mutants for 26 target genes, most of which were c-type cytochromes, indicated that none of the mutants tested were significantly defective in nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation. The non-defective mutants included the c 1-cytochrome subunit of the cytochrome bc 1 complex (complex III), which has relevance to a previously proposed role for this complex in nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation and to current concepts of reverse electron transfer. A transposon mutant with a disrupted gene associated with NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) was ~35% defective relative to the wild-type strain; this strain was similarly defective in nitrate reduction with thiosulfate as the electron donor. Overall, our results indicate that nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation in T. denitrificans is not catalyzed by the same c-type cytochromes involved in U(IV) oxidation, nor have other c-type cytochromes yet been implicated in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry R Beller
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA, USA
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Fe(II) oxidation is an innate capability of nitrate-reducing bacteria that involves abiotic and biotic reactions. J Bacteriol 2013; 195:3260-8. [PMID: 23687275 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00058-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetically diverse species of bacteria can catalyze the oxidation of ferrous iron [Fe(II)] coupled to nitrate (NO(3)(-)) reduction, often referred to as nitrate-dependent iron oxidation (NDFO). Very little is known about the biochemistry of NDFO, and though growth benefits have been observed, mineral encrustations and nitrite accumulation likely limit growth. Acidovorax ebreus, like other species in the Acidovorax genus, is proficient at catalyzing NDFO. Our results suggest that the induction of specific Fe(II) oxidoreductase proteins is not required for NDFO. No upregulated periplasmic or outer membrane redox-active proteins, like those involved in Fe(II) oxidation by acidophilic iron oxidizers or anaerobic photoferrotrophs, were observed in proteomic experiments. We demonstrate that while "abiotic" extracellular reactions between Fe(II) and biogenic NO(2)(-)/NO can be involved in NDFO, intracellular reactions between Fe(II) and periplasmic components are essential to initiate extensive NDFO. We present evidence that an organic cosubstrate inhibits NDFO, likely by keeping periplasmic enzymes in their reduced state, stimulating metal efflux pumping, or both, and that growth during NDFO relies on the capacity of a nitrate-reducing bacterium to overcome the toxicity of Fe(II) and reactive nitrogen species. On the basis of our data and evidence in the literature, we postulate that all respiratory nitrate-reducing bacteria are innately capable of catalyzing NDFO. Our findings have implications for a mechanistic understanding of NDFO, the biogeochemical controls on anaerobic Fe(II) oxidation, and the production of NO(2)(-), NO, and N(2)O in the environment.
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Kopf S, Henny C, Newman DK. Ligand-enhanced abiotic iron oxidation and the effects of chemical versus biological iron cycling in anoxic environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:2602-11. [PMID: 23402562 PMCID: PMC3604861 DOI: 10.1021/es3049459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study introduces a newly isolated, genetically tractable bacterium ( Pseudogulbenkiania sp. strain MAI-1) and explores the extent to which its nitrate-dependent iron-oxidation activity is directly biologically catalyzed. Specifically, we focused on the role of iron chelating ligands in promoting chemical oxidation of Fe(II) by nitrite under anoxic conditions. Strong organic ligands such as nitrilotriacetate and citrate can substantially enhance chemical oxidation of Fe(II) by nitrite at circumneutral pH. We show that strain MAI-1 exhibits unambiguous biological Fe(II) oxidation despite a significant contribution (∼30-35%) from ligand-enhanced chemical oxidation. Our work with the model denitrifying strain Paracoccus denitrificans further shows that ligand-enhanced chemical oxidation of Fe(II) by microbially produced nitrite can be an important general side effect of biological denitrification. Our assessment of reaction rates derived from literature reports of anaerobic Fe(II) oxidation, both chemical and biological, highlights the potential competition and likely co-occurrence of chemical Fe(II) oxidation (mediated by microbial production of nitrite) and truly biological Fe(II) oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian
H. Kopf
- Division
of Geologial and Planetary Sciences and Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Cynthia Henny
- Research Center for
Limnology, LIPI, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Dianne K. Newman
- Division
of Geologial and Planetary Sciences and Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, California, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, Pasadena, California, United States
- Phone: 626-395-3543. Fax: 626-395-4135. E-mail:
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Chakraborty A, Picardal F. Neutrophilic, nitrate-dependent, Fe(II) oxidation by a Dechloromonas species. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
In addition to its central role in mediating electron-transfer reactions within all living cells, iron undergoes extracellular redox transformations linked to microbial energy generation through utilization of Fe(II) as a source of chemical energy or Fe(III) as an electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration. These processes permit microbial populations and communities to engage in cyclic coupled iron oxidation and reduction within redox transition zones in subsurface environments. In the present paper, I review and synthesize a few case studies of iron-redox cycling in subsurface environments, highlighting key biochemical aspects of the extracellular iron-redox metabolisms involved. Of specific interest are the coupling of iron oxidation and reduction in field and experimental systems that model redox gradients and fluctuations in the subsurface, and novel pathways and organisms involved in the redox cycling of insoluble iron-bearing minerals. These findings set the stage for rapid expansion in our knowledge of the range of extracellular electron-transfer mechanisms utilized by subsurface micro-organisms. The observation that closely coupled oxidation and reduction of iron can take place under conditions common to the subsurface motivates this expansion in pursuit of molecular tools for studying iron-redox cycling communities in situ.
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Induction of nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation by Fe(II) in Dechloromonas sp. strain UWNR4 and Acidovorax sp. strain 2AN. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 79:748-52. [PMID: 23144134 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02709-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the inducibility of nitrate-dependent Fe(II)-EDTA oxidation (NDFO) in non-growth, chloramphenicol-amended, resting-cell suspensions of Dechloromonas sp. strain UWNR4 and Acidovorax sp. strain 2AN. Cells previously incubated with Fe(II)-EDTA oxidized ca. 6-fold more Fe(II)-EDTA than cells previously incubated with Fe(III)-EDTA. This is the first report of induction of NDFO by Fe(II).
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Sorokina AY, Chernousova EY, Dubinina GA. Ferrovibrio denitrificans gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel neutrophilic facultative anaerobic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterium. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2012; 335:19-25. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2012.02631.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Y. Sorokina
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow; Russia
| | | | - Galina A. Dubinina
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow; Russia
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Draft genome sequence of the anaerobic, nitrate-dependent, Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterium Pseudogulbenkiania ferrooxidans strain 2002. J Bacteriol 2012; 194:2400-1. [PMID: 22493205 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00214-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudogulbenkiania ferrooxidans strain 2002 was isolated as a lithoautotrophic, Fe(II)-oxidizing, nitrate-reducing bacterium. Phylogenetically, it is in a clade within the family Neisseriaceae in the order Nessieriales of the class Betaproteobacteria. It is anticipated that comparative genomic analysis of this strain with other nitrate-dependent, Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria will aid in the elucidation of the genetics and biochemistry underlying this critically important geochemical metabolism.
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Picardal F. Abiotic and Microbial Interactions during Anaerobic Transformations of Fe(II) and [Formula: see text]. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:112. [PMID: 22479259 PMCID: PMC3314871 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial Fe(II) oxidation using [Formula: see text] as the terminal electron acceptor [nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation, NDFO] has been studied for over 15 years. Although there are reports of autotrophic isolates and stable enrichments, many of the bacteria capable of NDFO are known organotrophic [Formula: see text]-reducers that require the presence of an organic, primary substrate, e.g., acetate, for significant amounts of Fe(II) oxidation. Although the thermodynamics of Fe(II) oxidation are favorable when coupled to either [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] reduction, the kinetics of abiotic Fe(II) oxidation by [Formula: see text] are relatively slow except under special conditions. NDFO is typically studied in batch cultures containing millimolar concentrations of Fe(II), [Formula: see text], and the primary substrate. In such systems, [Formula: see text] is often observed to accumulate in culture media during Fe(II) oxidation. Compared to [Formula: see text] abiotic reactions of biogenic [Formula: see text] and Fe(II) are relatively rapid. The kinetics and reaction pathways of Fe(II) oxidation by [Formula: see text] are strongly affected by medium composition and pH, reactant concentration, and the presence of Fe(II)-sorptive surfaces, e.g., Fe(III) oxyhydroxides and cellular surfaces. In batch cultures, the combination of abiotic and microbial Fe(II) oxidation can alter product distribution and, more importantly, results in the formation of intracellular precipitates and extracellular Fe(III) oxyhydroxide encrustations that apparently limit further cell growth and Fe(II) oxidation. Unless steps are taken to minimize or account for potential abiotic reactions, results of microbial NDFO studies can be obfuscated by artifacts of the chosen experimental conditions, the use of inappropriate analytical methods, and the resulting uncertainties about the relative importance of abiotic and microbial reactions. In this manuscript, abiotic reactions of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with aqueous Fe(2+), chelated Fe(II), and solid-phase Fe(II) are reviewed along with factors that can influence overall NDFO reaction rates in microbial systems. In addition, the use of low substrate concentrations, continuous-flow systems, and experimental protocols that minimize experimental artifacts and reduce the potential for under- or overestimation of microbial NDFO rates are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flynn Picardal
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana UniversityBloomington, IN, USA
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43
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Lee DG, Im DM, Kang H, Yun P, Park SK, Hyun SS, Hwang DY. Pseudogulbenkiania gefcensis sp. nov., isolated from soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2012; 63:187-191. [PMID: 22389280 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.040873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel strain, yH16, was isolated on nutrient agar from soil samples collected at KyungHee University, Suwon City, Republic of Korea. Cells of strain yH16(T) were short rods, Gram-negative-staining, motile and non-spore-forming, with a polar flagellum. Biochemical and molecular characterization revealed that this strain was most similar to Pseudogulbenkiania subflava BP-5(T). Further 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies revealed that the new strain clustered with Pseudogulbenkiania subflava BP-5(T) (95.9 % similarity), Paludibacterium yongneupense 5YN8-15(T) (95.2 % similarity), Gulbenkiania mobilis E4FC31-5(T) (94.6 % similarity) and Chromobacterium aquaticum CC-SE-YA-1(T) (93.9 % similarity). The isolate was able to grow at 25-40 °C, 0.3-2 % NaCl and pH 5.5-7. The DNA G+C content was 65.9 ± 1.0 mol%. The predominant fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C(16 : 1)ω7c and/or iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH) and C(16:0). Ubiquinone 8 was the major respiratory quinone. It was evident from the data obtained that the strain should be classified as a novel species of the genus Pseudogulbenkiania. The name proposed for this taxon is Pseudogulbenkiania gefcensis sp. nov., and the type strain is yH16(T) (=KCCM 90100(T) = JCM 17850(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Geol Lee
- 604 GFC, B-Dong, Digital-Empire 980-3, Yeongtong-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon-City, Gyeonggi-Do 443-813, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Moon Im
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University College of Medicine, Seoul 135-081, Republic of Korea.,604 GFC, B-Dong, Digital-Empire 980-3, Yeongtong-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon-City, Gyeonggi-Do 443-813, Republic of Korea
| | - HeeCheol Kang
- 604 GFC, B-Dong, Digital-Empire 980-3, Yeongtong-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon-City, Gyeonggi-Do 443-813, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyeong Yun
- Department of Applied Biotechnology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ki Park
- Department of Applied Biotechnology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Su Hyun
- Department of Applied Biotechnology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Youn Hwang
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University College of Medicine, Seoul 135-081, Republic of Korea
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Carlson HK, Clark IC, Melnyk RA, Coates JD. Toward a mechanistic understanding of anaerobic nitrate-dependent iron oxidation: balancing electron uptake and detoxification. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:57. [PMID: 22363331 PMCID: PMC3282478 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaerobic oxidation of Fe(II) by subsurface microorganisms is an important part of biogeochemical cycling in the environment, but the biochemical mechanisms used to couple iron oxidation to nitrate respiration are not well understood. Based on our own work and the evidence available in the literature, we propose a mechanistic model for anaerobic nitrate-dependent iron oxidation. We suggest that anaerobic iron-oxidizing microorganisms likely exist along a continuum including: (1) bacteria that inadvertently oxidize Fe(II) by abiotic or biotic reactions with enzymes or chemical intermediates in their metabolic pathways (e.g., denitrification) and suffer from toxicity or energetic penalty, (2) Fe(II) tolerant bacteria that gain little or no growth benefit from iron oxidation but can manage the toxic reactions, and (3) bacteria that efficiently accept electrons from Fe(II) to gain a growth advantage while preventing or mitigating the toxic reactions. Predictions of the proposed model are highlighted and experimental approaches are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans K Carlson
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA
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45
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Sorokina AY, Chernousova EY, Dubinina GA. Hoeflea siderophila sp. nov., a new neutrophilic iron-oxidizing bacterium. Microbiology (Reading) 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261712010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Enhanced growth of Acidovorax sp. strain 2AN during nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation in batch and continuous-flow systems. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:8548-56. [PMID: 22003007 DOI: 10.1128/aem.06214-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial nitrate-dependent, Fe(II) oxidation (NDFO) is a ubiquitous biogeochemical process in anoxic sediments. Since most microorganisms that can oxidize Fe(II) with nitrate require an additional organic substrate for growth or sustained Fe(II) oxidation, the energetic benefits of NDFO are unclear. The process may also be self-limiting in batch cultures due to formation of Fe-oxide cell encrustations. We hypothesized that NDFO provides energetic benefits via a mixotrophic physiology in environments where cells encounter very low substrate concentrations, thereby minimizing cell encrustations. Acidovorax sp. strain 2AN was incubated in anoxic batch reactors in a defined medium containing 5 to 6 mM NO₃⁻, 8 to 9 mM Fe²⁺, and 1.5 mM acetate. Almost 90% of the Fe(II) was oxidized within 7 days with concomitant reduction of nitrate and complete consumption of acetate. Batch-grown cells became heavily encrusted with Fe(III) oxyhydroxides, lost motility, and formed aggregates. Encrusted cells could neither oxidize more Fe(II) nor utilize further acetate additions. In similar experiments with chelated iron (Fe(II)-EDTA), encrusted cells were not produced, and further additions of acetate and Fe(II)-EDTA could be oxidized. Experiments using a novel, continuous-flow culture system with low concentrations of substrate, e.g., 100 μM NO₃⁻, 20 μM acetate, and 50 to 250 μM Fe²⁺, showed that the growth yield of Acidovorax sp. strain 2AN was always greater in the presence of Fe(II) than in its absence, and electron microscopy showed that encrustation was minimized. Our results provide evidence that, under environmentally relevant concentrations of substrates, NDFO can enhance growth without the formation of growth-limiting cell encrustations.
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Hedrich S, Schlömann M, Johnson DB. The iron-oxidizing proteobacteria. Microbiology (Reading) 2011; 157:1551-1564. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.045344-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ‘iron bacteria’ are a collection of morphologically and phylogenetically heterogeneous prokaryotes. They include some of the first micro-organisms to be observed and described, and continue to be the subject of a considerable body of fundamental and applied microbiological research. While species of iron-oxidizing bacteria can be found in many different phyla, most are affiliated with the Proteobacteria. The latter can be subdivided into four main physiological groups: (i) acidophilic, aerobic iron oxidizers; (ii) neutrophilic, aerobic iron oxidizers; (iii) neutrophilic, anaerobic (nitrate-dependent) iron oxidizers; and (iv) anaerobic photosynthetic iron oxidizers. Some species (mostly acidophiles) can reduce ferric iron as well as oxidize ferrous iron, depending on prevailing environmental conditions. This review describes what is currently known about the phylogenetic and physiological diversity of the iron-oxidizing proteobacteria, their significance in the environment (on the global and micro scales), and their increasing importance in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Hedrich
- Interdisciplinary Ecological Center, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Strasse 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Michael Schlömann
- Interdisciplinary Ecological Center, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Strasse 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - D. Barrie Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
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Environmental and taxonomic bacterial diversity of anaerobic uranium(IV) bio-oxidation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:4693-6. [PMID: 21571880 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02539-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms in diverse terrestrial surface and subsurface environments can anaerobically catalyze the oxidative dissolution of uraninite. While a limited quantity (∼5 to 12 μmol liter(-1)) of uranium is oxidatively dissolved in pure culture studies, the metabolism is coupled to electron transport, providing the potential of uraninite to support indigenous microbial populations and to solubilize uranium.
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Microbial community changes in response to ethanol or methanol amendments for U(VI) reduction. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:5728-35. [PMID: 20601514 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00308-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial community responses to ethanol, methanol, and methanol plus humics amendments in relationship to U(VI) bioreduction were studied in laboratory microcosm experiments using sediments and ground water from a uranium-contaminated site in Oak Ridge, TN. The type of carbon source added, the duration of incubation, and the sampling site influenced the bacterial community structure upon incubation. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene clone libraries indicated that (i) bacterial communities found in ethanol- and methanol-amended samples with U(VI) reduction were similar due to the presence of Deltaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria (members of the families Burkholderiaceae, Comamonadaceae, Oxalobacteraceae, and Rhodocyclaceae); (ii) methanol-amended samples without U(VI) reduction exhibited the lowest diversity and the bacterial community contained 69.2 to 92.8% of the family Methylophilaceae; and (iii) the addition of humics resulted in an increase of phylogenetic diversity of Betaproteobacteria (Rodoferax, Polaromonas, Janthinobacterium, Methylophilales, and unclassified) and Firmicutes (Desulfosporosinus and Clostridium).
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50
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Magnetospirillum bellicus sp. nov., a novel dissimilatory perchlorate-reducing alphaproteobacterium isolated from a bioelectrical reactor. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:4730-7. [PMID: 20495050 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00015-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously isolated dissimilatory perchlorate-reducing bacteria (DPRB) have been primarily affiliated with the Betaproteobacteria. Enrichments from the cathodic chamber of a bioelectrical reactor (BER) inoculated from creek water in Berkeley, CA, yielded a novel organism most closely related to a previously described strain, WD (99% 16S rRNA gene identity). Strain VDY(T) has 96% 16S rRNA gene identity to both Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense and Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum, and along with strain WD, distinguishes a clade of perchlorate-reducing Magnetospirillum species in the Alphaproteobacteria. In spite of the phylogenetic location of VDY(T), attempted PCR for the key magnetosome formation genes mamI and mamL was negative. Strain VDY(T) was motile, non-spore forming, and, in addition to perchlorate, could use oxygen, chlorate, nitrate, nitrite, and nitrous oxide as alternative electron acceptors with acetate as the electron donor. Transient chlorate accumulation occurred during respiration of perchlorate. The organism made use of fermentation end products, such as acetate and ethanol, as carbon sources and electron donors for heterotrophic growth, and in addition, strain VDY(T) could grow chemolithotrophically with hydrogen serving as the electron donor. VDY(T) contains a copy of the RuBisCo cbbM gene, which was expressed under autotrophic but not heterotrophic conditions. DNA-DNA hybridization with strain WD confirmed VDY(T) as a separate species (46.2% identity), and the name Magnetospirillum bellicus sp. nov. (DSM 21662, ATCC BAA-1730) is proposed.
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