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Yu H, Chang KF, Fredua-Agyeman R, Hwang SF, Strelkov SE. Diversity and Pathogenicity of Fusarium Root Rot Fungi from Canola ( Brassica napus) in Alberta, Canada. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6244. [PMID: 38892432 PMCID: PMC11172839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Root rot disease poses a significant threat to canola (Brassica napus), underscoring the need for a comprehensive understanding of its causal agents for more effective disease mitigation. The composition and diversity of fungal pathogens associated with root rot of canola in Alberta, Canada, were evaluated from plant tissue samples collected in 2021 and 2022. The study revealed Fusarium spp. as the predominant pathogens found in almost all surveyed fields. Fusarium avenaceum, F. redolens, and F. solani were among the most frequently recovered species. Greenhouse trials confirmed their pathogenicity, with F. avenaceum and F. sporotrichioides found to be particularly aggressive. Additionally, F. sporotrichioides and F. commune were identified for the first time as canola root rot pathogens. Inoculation with isolates of most species resulted in significant reductions in seedling emergence, plant height, and shoot and root dry weights. Analysis of translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF-1α) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences confirmed the identity of the Fusarium spp., while concatenating the ITS and TEF-1α sequences enabled improved species differentiation. Geographic and year effects did not influence fungal diversity or aggressiveness, as determined by principal component analysis. This study emphasized the high diversity and impact of Fusarium spp. in causing canola root rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitian Yu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (H.Y.); (K.-F.C.); (R.F.-A.)
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Kan-Fa Chang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (H.Y.); (K.-F.C.); (R.F.-A.)
| | - Rudolph Fredua-Agyeman
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (H.Y.); (K.-F.C.); (R.F.-A.)
| | - Sheau-Fang Hwang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (H.Y.); (K.-F.C.); (R.F.-A.)
| | - Stephen E. Strelkov
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (H.Y.); (K.-F.C.); (R.F.-A.)
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Montoya AM, Rodríguez-Grimaldo JE, López-Jácome LE, Bonifaz A, Enríquez-Domínguez E, Castañón-Olivares LR, Charles-Niño CL, Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, de J Treviño-Rangel R, Rojas OC, González GM. Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility profiles of clinical and environmental Fusarium isolates from Mexico: A multicenter study. Mycologia 2024; 116:258-266. [PMID: 38232343 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2293296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium spp. has emerged as an opportunistic etiological agent with clinical manifestations varying from localized infections to deep-seated systemic disease. It is also a phytopathogen of economic impact. There are few reports on the species diversity of this genus, and no comprehensive studies on the epidemiology nor the antifungal susceptibility of Fusarium in Mexico. The present multicentric study aims to shed light on the species distribution and antifungal susceptibility patterns of 116 strains of Fusarium isolated from clinical and environmental samples. Isolates were identified by standard phenotypic characteristics and by sequencing of the ITS (internal transcribed spacer), TEF1 (translation elongation factor 1-α), RPB2 (RNA polymerase II core subunit), and/or CAM1 (calmodulin) regions. Susceptibility tests were carried out against 15 antifungals of clinical and agricultural use. Regarding Fusarium distribution, we identified 27 species belonging to eight different species complexes. The most frequently isolated species for both clinical and environmental samples were F. falciforme (34%), F. oxysporum sensu stricto (12%), F. keratoplasticum (8%), and F. solani sensu stricto (8%). All Fusarium isolates showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) equal to or above the maximum concentration evaluated for fluconazole, 5-fluocytosine, caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin. All isolates had a MIC of ≤16 µg/mL for voriconazole, with a mode of 4 µg/mL. F. verticillioides appeared to be the most susceptible to all antifungals tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Montoya
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Francisco I. Madero s/n, Monterrey, 64460, México
| | - Joan E Rodríguez-Grimaldo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Francisco I. Madero s/n, Monterrey, 64460, México
| | - Luis Esaú López-Jácome
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, 14389, Mexico
| | - Alexandro Bonifaz
- Servicio de Dermatología y Departamento de Microbiología, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, 06720, Mexico
| | - Erika Enríquez-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Micología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, 78210, Mexico
| | - Laura R Castañón-Olivares
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Claudia Lisette Charles-Niño
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44340, Mexico
| | | | - Rogelio de J Treviño-Rangel
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Francisco I. Madero s/n, Monterrey, 64460, México
| | - Olga C Rojas
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Francisco I. Madero s/n, Monterrey, 64460, México
| | - Gloria M González
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Francisco I. Madero s/n, Monterrey, 64460, México
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Li L, Wang Y, Yu C, Li S, Lin T, Han S, Zhu T, Li S. Seasonal changes in the abundance Fusarium proliferatium, microbial endophytes and nutrient levels in the roots of hybrid bamboo Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocalamopsis grandis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1185449. [PMID: 37538062 PMCID: PMC10394707 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1185449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant root pathogens invade the soil around plant roots, disturbing the systemic balance, reducing plant defenses, and causing severe disease. At present, there are few studies on the severity of plant diseases caused by pathogen invasion in different seasons and how pathogens affect root microecology. In this study, we compared the levels of nutrients in the root tissues of the two groups of plants. We used 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing with Illumina NovaSeq 6000 to compare seasonal changes in the composition and structure of microbial communities from healthy roots of bamboo Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocalamopsis grandis and roots infected by the soilborne pathogen Fusarium proliferatum. We have found that the invasion of the pathogen led to a substantial decrease in nutrient elements in bamboo roots, except for nitrogen. The pathogen presence correlated with seasonal changes in the bamboo root microbiome and decreased bacterial richness in diseased plants. The root microbial community structure of healthy plants was more stable than that of their diseased counterparts. Furthermore, we identified the lesion area and relative abundance of F. proliferatum were significant predictors of disease progression. The potassium tissue content and the disease lesion area were identified as factors linked with the observed changes in the bamboo root microbiome. This study provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the seasonal dynamics F. proliferatum, an economically important soilborne pathogen of hybrid bamboo grown in Sichuan Province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaxuan Wang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cailin Yu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuying Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiantian Lin
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Han
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianhui Zhu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujiang Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chengdu, China
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Yang JM, Liao YJ, Chen N, Huang L, Zhang LZ, Du G, Zhou M. Cyclic hexadepsipeptides from the fermentation of Fusarium sp. DCJ-A and their cytotoxic activities. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2023; 25:503-509. [PMID: 35912898 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2098471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Beauvercin H (1), a new cyclic hexadepsipeptide, and two known ones (2 and 3) were isolated from the EtOH extract of the solid culture of Fusarium sp. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques, as well as comparison with literature values. Additionally, compounds 1-3 were tested for their cytotoxic activities. The results showed that all isolated compounds exhibited cytotoxic activities against five human cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 1.379 to 13.12 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Mei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Yong-Jian Liao
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Ning Chen
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Li-Zhi Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Gang Du
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, China
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Qiu HL, Fox EGP, Qin CS, Yang H, Tian LY, Wang DS, Xu JZ. First record of Fusarium concentricum (Hypocreales: Hypocreaceae) isolated from the moth Polychrosis cunninhamiacola (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) as an entomopathogenic fungus. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2023; 23:2. [PMID: 36916278 PMCID: PMC10011878 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iead008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium concentricum Nirenberg & O' Donnell (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) is a fungal species known to infect plants, but never reported as entomopathogenic. Polychrosis cunninhamiacola Liu et Pei (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae) is a major and widespread insect pest causing economic losses to cultivated Chinese fir Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. It is routinely controlled by extensive use of chemical insecticides, which is perceived as environmentally unsustainable. During March and April of 2019-2020, muscardine cadavers of larvae and pupae of P. cunninhamiacola infected with growing fungus were collected in a fir forest in northern Guangdong Province, China. Conidia were isolated and cultured on PDA medium, from which the fungal strain was identified as F. concentricum FCPC-L01 by morphology and by sequence alignment match with Tef-1α gene. Pathogenicity bioassays at the conidial concentration 1 × 107 revealed P. cunninhamiacola adults and Danaus chrysippus (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) larvae are sensitive to the fungal infection, but not the fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). We believe results indicate this fungal strain might be applicable against specific target insect pests. As this is the first record of a natural infection caused by F. concentricum in insects, we propose host specificity tests should be done to evaluate its potential as a biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Long Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization/Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Eduardo G P Fox
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Sociedade (PPGAS), Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG), Quirinópolis, Goiás 75860-000, Brazil
| | - Chang-Sheng Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization/Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization/Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Long-Yan Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization/Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - De-Sen Wang
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Navale VD, Sawant AM, Vamkudoth KR. Genetic diversity of toxigenic Fusarium verticillioides associated with maize grains, India. Genet Mol Biol 2023; 46:e20220073. [PMID: 37036389 PMCID: PMC10084715 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation, prevalence, genetic diversity, and mycotoxin producing potential of Fusarium species associated with maize grain samples were studied from different geographical regions of India. The highest prevalence of Fusarium verticillioides was recorded as 88.52%, followed by F. coffeatum, F. foetens, and F. euwallaceae, 6.55%, 3.27%, and 1.63%, respectively. We isolated 54 strains of F. verticillioides, and their genetic diversity was studied by inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR). The ISSR fingerprints (AG) 8C and (AG) 8G showed 252 and 368 microsatellite sites in the genome of F. verticillioides and resulted in 99-100% repeatability and reproducibility. The Simpson (SID) and Shannon (H) indices (0.78 and 2.36) suggest that F. verticillioides strains exhibit moderate to high diversity. Molecular detection of fumonisin B1 (FB1) biosynthetic genes (FUM1 and FUM13) involved in FB1 production in F. verticillioides was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore, 91% of the strains were positive for FB1 production, which was affirmed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). In-vitro appurtenance of F. verticillioides spores exhibited a high to moderate effect on the growth and development of the maize. The current finding demonstrated that most F. verticillioides strains showed a wide range of genetic diversity with varied toxigenic and pathogenic potentials. In conclusion, for the first time, F. coffeatum, F. foetens, and F. euwallaceae species were reported from maize grain samples in India. They were positive for FB1 and negatively affecting grain quality, which is a major concern in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwambar D Navale
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Biochemical Sciences Division, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Amol M Sawant
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Biochemical Sciences Division, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Koteswara Rao Vamkudoth
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Biochemical Sciences Division, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Fusarium spp. associated with Chenopodium quinoa crops in Colombia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20841. [PMID: 36460698 PMCID: PMC9718861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24908-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoa is a plant commonly-resistance to adverse biotic and abiotic factors. However, this crop can be affected by phytopathogenic fungi. There is a lack of knowledge about the fungi associated with quinoa plants in Colombia. Through morphological and molecular identification in this study were identified four Fusarium species associated with quinoa crops: Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium equiseti, and Fusarium culmorum. For this, we collected samples of panicles, leaf tissue, root tissue, and soil for isolation of different isolates of Fusarium. We performed a pathogenicity test of the fungi strains, under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the pathogenicity in seedlings of the Piartal cultivar with two inoculation methods. First inoculating the stem through a nodal wound or second inoculating the abaxial face with a brush. The results indicate the presence of four species with both molecular markers, phylogenetically distributed in these groups. The four species turned out to be pathogenic but with different degrees of virulence with significant differences between F. graminearum and F. oxysporum depending on the inoculation method. This is the first report on the presence of Fusarium species isolated from Quinoa in Colombia.
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Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Head Blight Disease Causing Fungus Fusarium graminearum in Northern Wheat Belt of India. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080820. [PMID: 36012808 PMCID: PMC9409692 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Head blight or scab caused by Fusarium graminearum (FG), once ranked as a minor disease in wheat, is now emerging as one of the economically important diseases in India. The present study represents the first in-depth population genetic analysis of the FG from the northern wheat belt of India. In this study, multiple conserved gene sequences comprised of β-tubulin (TUB), translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF), and histone-3 (HIS) regions were used for multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of 123 geographically distinct F. graminearum isolates collected from four different states (Haryana (HR), Punjab (PB), Rajasthan (RJ) and West Bengal (WB)) of India. The phylogenetic and haplotype analysis showed the presence of thirty haplotypes in all the analyzed populations. The haplotypic diversity in the RJ population (Hd = 0.981) was higher than in the HR (Hd = 0.972), PB (Hd = 0.965) and WB population (Hd = 0.962). Recombination events (Rm = 12) and mutation events (485) were also detected. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that genetic diversity was exclusively due to the differences within populations. The haplotype network was widely dispersed and not associated with specific populations, as a single common haplotype was not detected. The PB population contained both unique (H9, H10 and H11) and shared haplotypes (27 haplotypes) in a higher number in comparison to other geographical locations. Except for haplotype H22 (contains highly aggressive isolates), there was no specific linkage noticed between the isolate aggressiveness and haplotype. The concatenated sequences of all the three genes demonstrated a low level of genetic differentiation (Fst = −0.014 to 0.02) in the analyzed population. Positive values for the neutrality tests in PB, HR and RJ reveal a balancing selection mechanism behind the FG population structure. The WB population showed both positive and negative values of neutrality indices, indicating the role of both population expansion as well as balancing selection in structuring the FG population.
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Development and evaluation of a novel visual and rapid detection assay for toxigenic Fusarium graminearum in maize based on recombinase polymerase amplification and lateral flow analysis. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 372:109682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hafez M, Gourlie R, Telfer M, Schatz N, Turkington TK, Beres B, Aboukhaddour R. Diversity of Fusarium spp. Associated with Wheat Node and Grain in Representative Sites Across the Western Canadian Prairies. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1003-1015. [PMID: 34818906 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-21-0241-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium crown and root rot (FCRR) are major wheat diseases. Populations of FHB and FCRR pathogens are highly dynamic, and shifts in these populations in different regions is reported. Analyzing fungal populations associated with wheat node and grain tissues collected from different regions can provide useful information and predict diseases that might affect subsequent crops and effective disease management practices. In this study, wheat node and grain samples were collected from four representative sites across the western Canadian prairies in the 2018 growing season to characterize the major Fusarium spp. and other mycobiota associated with wheat in these regions. In total, 994 fungal isolates were recovered, and based on culture and molecular diagnostic methods, three genera constituted over 90% of all fungal isolates, namely Alternaria (39.6%), Fusarium (27.8%), and Parastagonospora (23.9%). A quantitative PCR (qPCR) diagnostic toolkit was developed to quantify the most frequently isolated Fusarium spp. in infected wheat tissues: Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, and F. poae. This qPCR specificity was validated in silico, in vitro, and in planta and proved specific to the target species. The qPCR results showed that F. graminearum was not detected frequently from wheat node and grain samples collected from four locations in this study. F. poae was the most abundant Fusarium species in grain samples in all tested locations. However, in node samples, F. culmorum (Beaverlodge and Scott) and F. avenaceum (Lacombe and Lethbridge) were the most abundant species. Trichothecene genotyping showed that the 3ADON is the most dominant trichothecene genotype (68%), followed by type-A trichothecenes (29.5%), whereas the 15ADON trichothecene genotype was least dominant (2.5%) and the NIV genotype was not detected. Moreover, a total of 129 translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1α) sequences from nine Fusarium spp. were compared at the haplotype level to evaluate genetic variability and distribution. F. avenaceum and F. poae exhibited higher diversity as reflected by higher number of haplotypes present in these two species compared with the rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hafez
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Ryan Gourlie
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Melissa Telfer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Nicola Schatz
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Thomas K Turkington
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Center, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1V7, Canada
| | - Brian Beres
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Reem Aboukhaddour
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
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Félix-Gastélum R, Mora-Carlón BA, Leyva-Madrigal KY, Solano-Báez AR, Pérez-Mora JL, Guerra-Meza O, Mora-Romero GA. Sorghum Sheath Blight Caused by Fusarium spp. in Sinaloa, Mexico. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:1454-1461. [PMID: 34907807 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-21-2303-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) leaf sheath blight was observed for the first time in Sinaloa, Mexico in the summer of 2020. Fungal isolates were obtained from symptomatic tissue in potato dextrose agar. Fusarium spp. were associated with symptomatic plants in 10 sampling sites under field conditions. No root and stalk rot was observed during the sampling period. Analysis of fragments of the translation elongation factor alpha and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit genes indicated that all isolates belong to the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC). Five groups were delineated from this complex: F. thapsinum, F. verticillioides, Fusarium sp. (four isolates), Fusarium sp. 4 (Fus4), and Fusarium sp. (Fus16), which is closely related to Fusarium madaense. The morphological characteristics (colony color and morphometry of conidia) of isolates with sequence similarities to those of F. thapsinum and F. verticillioides were in the expected range for these species. The morphology of isolates Fus7a, Fus7b, Fus11, and Fus17, as well as Fus4 and Fus16, were similar to those of the FFSC, specially to F. andiyazi and F. madaense. Inoculations of sorghum with representative isolates of F. thapsinum, F. verticillioides and the unidentified Fusarium species resulted in reddish brown lesions similar to those observed under field conditions; the original isolates inoculated were reisolated fulfilling the Koch's postulates. Although leaf sheaths on sorghum plants were heavily damaged, root and stalk rot were not observed in the greenhouse inoculations or under field conditions. Future research should focus on determining the identity of the unknown Fusarium spp. to design control measures for the disease. This is the first report of Fusarium spp. causing sorghum leaf sheath blight in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Félix-Gastélum
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Los Mochis 81223, Sinaloa, México
| | - Bertha A Mora-Carlón
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Los Mochis 81223, Sinaloa, México
| | - Karla Y Leyva-Madrigal
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Los Mochis 81223, Sinaloa, México
| | - Alma R Solano-Báez
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Los Mochis 81223, Sinaloa, México
| | - Juan L Pérez-Mora
- Unidad de Investigación en Ambiente and Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Los Mochis 81223, Sinaloa, México
| | - Omar Guerra-Meza
- Unidad de Investigación en Ambiente and Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Los Mochis 81223, Sinaloa, México
| | - Guadalupe A Mora-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación en Ambiente and Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Los Mochis 81223, Sinaloa, México
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12
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Buslyk TV, Rosalovsky VP, Salyha YT. PCR-Based Detection and Quantification of Mycotoxin-Producing Fungi. CYTOL GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452722010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Hafez M, Abdelmagid A, Aboukhaddour R, Adam LR, Daayf F. Fusarium Root Rot Complex in Soybean: Molecular Characterization, Trichothecene Formation, and Cross-Pathogenicity. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:2287-2302. [PMID: 33938238 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-21-0083-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is threatened by many pathogens that negatively affect this crop's yield and quality, such as various Fusarium species that cause wilting and root rot diseases. Fusarium root rot (FRR) in soybean can be caused by F. graminearum and other Fusarium spp. that are associated with Fusarium head blight (FHB) in cereals. Therefore, it was important to inquire whether Fusarium pathogens from soybean can cause disease in wheat and vice versa. Here, we investigated the FRR complex in Manitoba (Canada) from symptomatic plants, using both culture- and molecular-based methods. We developed a molecular diagnostic toolkit to detect and differentiate between several Fusarium spp. involved in FHB and FRR, then we evaluated cross-pathogenicity of selected Fusarium isolates collected from soybean and wheat, and the results indicate that isolates recovered from one host can infect the other host. Trichothecene production by selected Fusarium spp. was also analyzed chemically via liquid chromatography mass spectrometry in both soybean (root) and wheat (spike) tissues. Trichothecenes were also analyzed in soybean seeds from plants with FRR to check the potentiality of trichothecene translocation from infected roots to the seeds. All of the tested Fusarium isolates were capable of producing trichothecenes in wheat spikes and soybean roots, but no trichothecenes were detected in soybean seeds. This study provided evidence, for the first time, that trichothecenes were produced by several Fusarium spp. (F. cerealis, F. culmorum, and F. sporotrichioides) during FRR development in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hafez
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T2N2, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelmagid
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T2N2, Canada
- Department of Plant Pathology, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Reem Aboukhaddour
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lorne R Adam
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T2N2, Canada
| | - Fouad Daayf
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T2N2, Canada
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14
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Haveman NJ, Khodadad CLM, Dixit AR, Louyakis AS, Massa GD, Venkateswaran K, Foster JS. Evaluating the lettuce metatranscriptome with MinION sequencing for future spaceflight food production applications. NPJ Microgravity 2021; 7:22. [PMID: 34140518 PMCID: PMC8211661 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-021-00151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy plants are vital for successful, long-duration missions in space, as they provide the crew with life support, food production, and psychological benefits. The microorganisms that associate with plant tissues play a critical role in improving plant health and production. To that end, we developed a methodology to investigate the transcriptional activities of the microbiome of red romaine lettuce, a key salad crop that was grown under International Space Station (ISS)-like conditions. Microbial transcripts enriched from host-microbe total RNA were sequenced using the Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencing platform. Results show that this enrichment approach was highly reproducible and could be an effective approach for the on-site detection of microbial transcriptional activity. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using metatranscriptomics of enriched microbial RNA as a potential method for on-site monitoring of the transcriptional activity of crop microbiomes, thereby helping to facilitate and maintain plant health for on-orbit space food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha J. Haveman
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Space Life Science Lab, Merritt Island, FL USA
| | - Christina L. M. Khodadad
- grid.419743.c0000 0001 0845 4769Amentum Services, Inc., LASSO, Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, FL USA
| | - Anirudha R. Dixit
- grid.419743.c0000 0001 0845 4769Amentum Services, Inc., LASSO, Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, FL USA
| | - Artemis S. Louyakis
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - Gioia D. Massa
- grid.419743.c0000 0001 0845 4769Space Crop Production Team, Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, FL USA
| | - Kasthuri Venkateswaran
- grid.211367.0Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Jamie S. Foster
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Space Life Science Lab, Merritt Island, FL USA
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Villarino M, Larena I, Melgarejo P, De Cal A. Effect of chemical alternatives to methyl bromide on soil-borne disease incidence and fungal populations in Spanish strawberry nurseries: A long-term study. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:766-774. [PMID: 32896102 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chloropicrin (PIC) mixtures of 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin (DD:PIC), dazomet, and metam sodium (MS) have been applied as chemical alternatives to methyl bromide (MB) in Spanish strawberry nurseries since MB was banned as a soil fumigant in 2005. These chemical alternatives were applied to soil in two Spanish strawberry nurseries between 2003 and 2017 to test their efficacy against the main crown and root disease and soil fungal populations in comparison with the use of MB and PIC (MB:PIC). These chemicals were applied at several doses with different application methods under plastic films. Crown and root disease incidence was calculated as the percentage of plants with symptoms caused by soil-borne pathogens. Soil fungal populations were estimated as colony forming units per gram of dry soil. RESULTS All chemicals significantly reduced soil-borne fungal disease incidence and fungal population in both nurseries over the years. Phytophthora cactorum and Fusarium spp. were the main pathogens causing soil-borne diseases, followed by Verticillium spp. MB:PIC remained the treatment that best controlled P. cactorum. MS and DD:PIC controlled Fusarium disease to a lesser extent than MB:PIC and dazomet in both nurseries. MB:PIC and PIC were the two treatments that most reduced Verticillium spp. The population of Verticillium spp. declined and the presence of other species such as Colletotrichum spp. and Rhizoctonia spp. was minimal during the study. CONCLUSION Chemicals are necessary to obtain healthy strawberry plants. The use of chemical alternatives to MB has resulted in changes in the incidence of soil-borne diseases and soil fungal populations in strawberry nurseries. Dazomet was an effective alternative to MB as a soil-borne disease control, except against Verticillium spp. MB alternatives in strawberry nursery soils have caused Fusarium spp. to displace Verticillium spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Villarino
- Department of Plant Protection, National Research Agriculture Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Larena
- Department of Plant Protection, National Research Agriculture Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Melgarejo
- Department of Plant Protection, National Research Agriculture Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonieta De Cal
- Department of Plant Protection, National Research Agriculture Institute, Madrid, Spain
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Samiksha, Kumar S. Molecular Taxonomy, Diversity, and Potential Applications of Genus Fusarium. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67561-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Villarino M, De la Lastra E, Basallote-Ureba MJ, Capote N, Larena I, Melgarejo P, De Cal A. Characterization of Fusarium solani Populations Associated with Spanish Strawberry Crops. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:1974-1982. [PMID: 31210598 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-19-0342-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium solani is an emerging pathogen reported on Spanish strawberry crops both in nurseries and in fruit production fields, causing wilt and root rot. Pathogenicity, morphocultural characteristics, and sensitivity to biocides of 103 F. solani isolates recovered from symptomatic strawberry plants and soils from both Spanish strawberry areas were determined. The differences of isolates within and between nurseries and field crops in relation to these parameters were analyzed. Considerable variability in morphological and pathogenic characteristics was observed among the isolates in both areas. The majority of isolates were not pathogenic (62%), and only 38 F. solani isolates (37.62%) caused disease on strawberry plants under controlled conditions; 52.63% of pathogenic isolates induced low severity symptoms. Almost 70% of pathogenic isolates caused stunting on plants. The morphological characters that best explain the F. solani variability (86.85%) were colony color and the presence of macroconidia on culture medium. The sensitivity to the fumigants tested was similar between the isolates from nurseries and fruit production fields, showing greater sensitivity to the field doses of dazomet and chloropicrin. However, the isolates were less sensitive to metam sodium and poorly sensitive to 1,3-dichloropropene. This work can contribute to the advancement of sustainable production of strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Villarino
- 1Department of Plant Protection, INIA, Carretera de La Coruña Km 7,5. 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E De la Lastra
- 2IFAPA Centro Las Torres, Apdo. Oficial, 41200 Alcalá del Rio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M J Basallote-Ureba
- 2IFAPA Centro Las Torres, Apdo. Oficial, 41200 Alcalá del Rio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - N Capote
- 2IFAPA Centro Las Torres, Apdo. Oficial, 41200 Alcalá del Rio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - I Larena
- 1Department of Plant Protection, INIA, Carretera de La Coruña Km 7,5. 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Melgarejo
- 1Department of Plant Protection, INIA, Carretera de La Coruña Km 7,5. 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A De Cal
- 1Department of Plant Protection, INIA, Carretera de La Coruña Km 7,5. 28040 Madrid, Spain
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18
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Srinivas C, Nirmala Devi D, Narasimha Murthy K, Mohan CD, Lakshmeesha TR, Singh B, Kalagatur NK, Niranjana SR, Hashem A, Alqarawi AA, Tabassum B, Abd Allah EF, Chandra Nayaka S. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici causal agent of vascular wilt disease of tomato: Biology to diversity- A review. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:1315-1324. [PMID: 31762590 PMCID: PMC6864208 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is one of the widely grown vegetables worldwide. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) is the significant contributory pathogen of tomato vascular wilt. The initial symptoms of the disease appear in the lower leaves gradually, trail by wilting of the plants. It has been reported that FOL penetrates the tomato plant, colonizing and leaving the vascular tissue dark brown, and this discoloration extends to the apex, leading to the plants wilting, collapsing and dying. Therefore, it has been widely accepted that wilting caused by this fungus is the result of a combination of various physiological activities, including the accumulation of fungal mycelia in and around xylem, mycotoxin production, inactivation of host defense, and the production of tyloses; however, wilting symptoms are variable. Therefore, the selection of molecular markers may be a more effective means of screening tomato races. Several studies on the detection of FOL have been carried out and have suggested the potency of the technique for diagnosing FOL. This review focuses on biology and variability of FOL, understanding and presenting a holistic picture of the vascular wilt disease of tomato in relation to disease model, biology, virulence. We conclude that genomic and proteomic approachesare greater tools for identification of informative candidates involved in pathogenicity, which can be considered as one of the approaches in managing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Srinivas
- Department of Studies in Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - D Nirmala Devi
- Department of Microbiology, Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K Narasimha Murthy
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore,India
| | | | - T R Lakshmeesha
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore,India
| | | | - Naveen Kumar Kalagatur
- Department of Immunology and Toxicology, DRDO-BU-Centre for Life Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - S R Niranjana
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore,India
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King SaudUniversity, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Alqarawi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King SaudUniversity, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baby Tabassum
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Govt. Raza P.G. College Rampur, 244901 U.P., India
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King SaudUniversity, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Chandra Nayaka
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore,India
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19
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Genetic Diversity of Fungi Producing Mycotoxins in Stored Crops. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.4.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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20
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Venkataramana M, Selvakumar G, Chandranayaka S. Fusarium Mycotoxin: Toxicity and Detection. TOXINOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6449-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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21
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Investigating Clinical Issues by Genotyping of Medically Important Fungi: Why and How? Clin Microbiol Rev 2017; 30:671-707. [PMID: 28490578 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00043-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotyping studies of medically important fungi have addressed elucidation of outbreaks, nosocomial transmissions, infection routes, and genotype-phenotype correlations, of which secondary resistance has been most intensively investigated. Two methods have emerged because of their high discriminatory power and reproducibility: multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and microsatellite length polymorphism (MLP) using short tandem repeat (STR) markers. MLST relies on single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the coding regions of housekeeping genes. STR polymorphisms are based on the number of repeats of short DNA fragments, mostly outside coding regions, and thus are expected to be more polymorphic and more rapidly evolving than MLST markers. There is no consensus on a universal typing system. Either one or both of these approaches are now available for Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Scedosporium spp., Cryptococcus neoformans, Pneumocystis jirovecii, and endemic mycoses. The choice of the method and the number of loci to be tested depend on the clinical question being addressed. Next-generation sequencing is becoming the most appropriate method for fungi with no MLP or MLST typing available. Whatever the molecular tool used, collection of clinical data (e.g., time of hospitalization and sharing of similar rooms) is mandatory for investigating outbreaks and nosocomial transmission.
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22
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Abstract
Multiplex PCR is a powerful method to detect, identify, and quantify the mycotoxigenic fungus by targeting the amplification of genes associated with mycotoxin production and detection, identification, and quantification of Fusarium species. As compared with uniplex PCR, it has several advantages such as low cost, shortened time, and simultaneous amplification of more than two genes (in only one reaction tube). Here, we describe multiplex PCR-based detection and identification of trichothecene-, zearalenone-, fumonisin-, and enniatin-producing Fusarium species, the use of multiplex PCR in multiplex genotype assay and the use of multiplex TaqMan real-time qPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapani Yli-Mattila
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
| | | | - Mudili Venkataramana
- Microbiology Division, DRDO-BU-Centre for Life sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, 641046, TamilNadu, India
| | - Emre Yörük
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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Aiyaz M, Divakara ST, Mudili V, Moore GG, Gupta VK, Yli-Mattila T, Nayaka SC, Niranjana SR. Molecular Diversity of Seed-borne Fusarium Species Associated with Maize in India. Curr Genomics 2016; 17:132-44. [PMID: 27226769 PMCID: PMC4864842 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666151116213056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 106 maize seed samples were collected from different agro-climatic regions of India. Sixty-two Fusarium isolates were recovered, 90% of which were identified as Fusarium verticillioides based on morphological and molecular characters. Use of the tef-1α gene corrected/refined the morphological species identifications of 11 isolates, and confirmed those of the remaining isolates. Genetic diversity among the Fusarium isolates involved multilocus fingerprinting profiles by Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) UPGMA and tef-1α gene phenetic analyses; for which, we observed no significant differences among the isolates based on geographic origin or fumonisin production; most of the subdivision related to species. Genotyping was performed on the F. verticillioides isolates, using 12 primer sets from the fumonisin pathway, to elucidate the molec-ular basis of fumonisin production or non-production. One fumonisin-negative isolate, UOMMF-16, was unable to amplify nine of the 12 fumonisin cluster genes tested. We also used the CD-ELISA method to confirm fumonisin production for our 62 Fusarium isolates. Only 15 isolates were found to be fumonisin-negative. Interestingly, genotypic characterization re-vealed six isolates with various gene deletion patterns that also tested positive for the production of fumonisins via CD-ELISA. Our findings confirm the importance of molecular studies for species delimitation, and for observing genetic and phenotypic diversity, among the Fusaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Aiyaz
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Mysore-570006, India;
| | | | - Venkataramana Mudili
- DRDO-BU-Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University campus, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-640046, India
| | - Geromy George Moore
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, USA
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- MGBG, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Tapani Yli-Mattila
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Siddaiah Chandra Nayaka
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Mysore-570006, India; ,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Mysore- 570006, Karnataka, India; Fax: +91-0821-2419880; E-mail:
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24
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Moncrief I, Garzon C, Marek S, Stack J, Gamliel A, Garrido P, Proaño F, Gard M, Dehne H, Fletcher J. Development of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for discrimination among isolates of Fusarium proliferatum. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 126:12-7. [PMID: 27021663 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The plant pathogen Fusarium proliferatum has a wide host range and occurs worldwide. Many isolates of the fungus produce mycotoxins in plant tissues, which, if ingested, can cause harm to animals and humans. In 2008, an outbreak of salmon blotch of onions, caused by F. proliferatum, was detected in southern Israel. The source and distribution of the fungus in Israel were unknown. Inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) were used to identify repetitive motifs present in seven isolates of F. proliferatum from Israel, Germany and Austria. ISSR repeat motifs were, used to develop 17 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Six of these SSR markers were polymorphic in and consistently amplified from ten isolates collected in Israel, Germany, Austria and North America, from cucumber, onion, garlic, maize, and asparagus. These six polymorphic SSR alleles included 5 to 12 copies of di-, tri, and pentanucleotide motifs and yielded six to 9 alleles each. Sixteen of the SSR loci were amplified at least one of the seven Fusarium species, F. verticillioides, F. thapsinum, F. subglutinans, F. andiyazi, F. globosum, F. fujikoroi and F. oxysporum. The data demonstrate that these SSRs can be used for characterization of F. proliferatum isolates from diverse hosts and geographic locations and that they are transferable to other species of Fusarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Moncrief
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - C Garzon
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - S Marek
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - J Stack
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - A Gamliel
- Laboratory for Pest management Research, Institute of Agricultural Engineering ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - P Garrido
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - F Proaño
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - M Gard
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | | | - J Fletcher
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
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25
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Nirmaladevi D, Venkataramana M, Srivastava RK, Uppalapati SR, Gupta VK, Yli-Mattila T, Clement Tsui KM, Srinivas C, Niranjana SR, Chandra NS. Molecular phylogeny, pathogenicity and toxigenicity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21367. [PMID: 26883288 PMCID: PMC4756691 DOI: 10.1038/srep21367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at the molecular characterization of pathogenic and non pathogenic F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici strains isolated from tomato. The causal agent isolated from symptomatic plants and soil samples was identified based on morphological and molecular analyses. Pathogenicity testing of 69 strains on five susceptible tomato varieties showed 45% of the strains were highly virulent and 30% were moderately virulent. Molecular analysis based on the fingerprints obtained through ISSR indicated the presence of wide genetic diversity among the strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences showed the presence of at least four evolutionary lineages of the pathogen. The clustering of F. oxysporum with non pathogenic isolates and with the members of other formae speciales indicated polyphyletic origin of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Further analysis revealed intraspecies variability and nucleotide insertions or deletions in the ITS region among the strains in the study and the observed variations were found to be clade specific. The high genetic diversity in the pathogen population demands for development of effective resistance breeding programs in tomato. Among the pathogenic strains tested, toxigenic strains harbored the Fum1 gene clearly indicating that the strains infecting tomato crops have the potential to produce Fumonisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Nirmaladevi
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jnanabarathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M. Venkataramana
- DRDO-BU-CLS, Barathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - S. R. Uppalapati
- Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Molecular Glycobiotechnology Group, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - T. Yli-Mattila
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - K. M. Clement Tsui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - C. Srinivas
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jnanabarathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - S. R. Niranjana
- DOS in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nayaka S. Chandra
- DOS in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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26
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Ramesha A, Venkataramana M, Nirmaladevi D, Gupta VK, Chandranayaka S, Srinivas C. Cytotoxic effects of oosporein isolated from endophytic fungus Cochliobolus kusanoi. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:870. [PMID: 26388840 PMCID: PMC4556033 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, oosporein, a fungal toxic secondary metabolite known to be a toxic agent causing chronic disorders in animals, was isolated from fungus Cochliobolus kusanoi of Nerium oleander L. Toxic effects of oosporein and the possible mechanisms of cytotoxicity as well as the role of oxidative stress in cytotoxicity to Madin-Darby canine kidney kidney cells and RAW 264.7 splene cells were evaluated in vitro. Also to know the possible in vivo toxic effects of oosporein on kidney and spleen, Balb/C mouse were treated with different concentrations of oosporein ranging from 20 to 200 μM). After 24 h of exposure histopathological observations were made to know the effects of oosporein on target organs. Oosporein induced elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and high levels of malondialdehyde, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, induced glutathione hydroxylase (GSH) production was observed in a dose depended manner. Effects oosporein on chromosomal DNA damage was assessed by Comet assay, and increase in DNA damage were observed in both the studied cell lines by increasing the oosporein concentration. Further, oosporein treatment to studied cell lines indicated significant suppression of oxidative stress related gene (Superoxide dismutase1 and Catalase ) expression, and increased levels of mRNA expression in apoptosis or oxidative stress inducing genes HSP70, Caspase3, Caspase6, and Caspase9 as measured by quantitative real time-PCR assay. Histopathological examination of oosporein treated mouse kidney and splenocytes further revealed that, oosporein treated target mouse tissues were significantly damaged with that of untreated sam control mice and these effects were in directly proportional to the the toxin dose. Results of the present study reveals that, ROS is the principle event prompting increased oosporein toxicity in studied in vivio and in vitro animal models. The high previlance of these fungi in temperate climates further warrants the need of safe food grain storage and processing practices to control the toxic effects of oosporein to humans and live stock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alurappa Ramesha
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University Bangalore, India
| | - M Venkataramana
- Toxicology and Immunology Division, DRDO-BU-Center for Life Science, Bharathiar University Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Vijai K Gupta
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway Galway, Ireland
| | - S Chandranayaka
- Department of studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore Mysore, India
| | - Chowdappa Srinivas
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University Bangalore, India
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Gong L, Jiang Y, Chen F. Molecular strategies for detection and quantification of mycotoxin-producing Fusarium species: a review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:1767-1776. [PMID: 25255897 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium contamination is considered a major agricultural problem, which could not only significantly reduce yield and quality of agricultural products, but produce mycotoxins that are virulence factors responsible for many diseases of humans and farm animals. One strategy to identify toxigenic Fusarium species is the use of modern molecular methods, which include the analysis of DNA target regions for differentiation of the Fusarium species, particularly the mycotoxin-producing Fusarium species such as F. verticillioides and F. graminearum. Additionally, polymerase chain reaction assays are used to determine the genes involved in the biosynthesis of the toxins in order to facilitate a qualitative and quantitative detection of Fusarium-producing mycotoxins. Also, it is worth mentioning that some factors that modulate the biosynthesis of mycotoxins are not only determined by their biosynthetic gene clusters, but also by environmental conditions. Therefore, all of the aforementioned factors which may affect the molecular diagnosis of mycotoxins will be reviewed and discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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Divakara ST, Aiyaz M, Moore GG, Venkataramana M, Hariprasad P, Nayaka SC, Niranjana SR. Analysis of genetic and aflatoxin diversity amongAspergillus flavusisolates collected from sorghum seeds. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 55:1255-64. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201400951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. T. Divakara
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology; University of Mysore; Mysore Karnataka India
| | - M. Aiyaz
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology; University of Mysore; Mysore Karnataka India
| | - G. G. Moore
- Southern Regional Research Center; Agricultural Research Service; United States Department of Agriculture; New Orleans USA
| | - M. Venkataramana
- DRDO-BU-Centre for Life Sciences; Bharathiar University Campus; Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India
| | - P. Hariprasad
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology; Indian Institute of Technology; New Delhi India
| | - S. Chandra Nayaka
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology; University of Mysore; Mysore Karnataka India
| | - S. R. Niranjana
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology; University of Mysore; Mysore Karnataka India
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Zhu Z, Zheng L, Pan L, Hsiang T, Huang J. Identification and Characterization of Fusarium Species Associated with Wilt of Eleocharis dulcis (Chinese water chestnut) in China. PLANT DISEASE 2014; 98:977-987. [PMID: 30708844 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-13-0805-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt is one of the most important diseases of Eleocharis dulcis (Chinese water chestnut) in China. In order to characterize the pathogens responsible, 69 Fusarium isolates were collected from diseased plants in E. dulcis production areas of the Chinese provinces Anhui, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang. These were then identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics. F. commune was the most common species (92.8%) and was widely distributed in the six provinces. A novel species within the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex (GFSC) was found in Hubei and Zhejiang provinces (5.8%), and an unidentified Fusarium sp. was found only in Hubei province (1.4%). Thirty F. commune isolates from different provinces and four GFSC isolates were selected for sequence analyses of the translation elongation factor 1-α (EF-1α), the mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) ribosomal DNA, and the nuclear ribosomal intergenic spacer region (IGS). Maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses of the multilocus sequence data of these two species plus other taxa showed that the two species formed two distinct, well-supported clades among the three individual and combined gene genealogies. Isolates from different locations were scattered, with no evidence of geographic specialization. Pathogenicity assays showed that the two Fusarium spp., including the unidentified Fusarium sp., were pathogenic to E. dulcis 'Tuanfeng seven'. There was no relationship between the source of isolates and their pathogenicity. This is the first description of F. commune, a novel species within the GFSC, and an unidentified Fusarium sp. as causal agents of Fusarium wilt of E. dulcis in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixian Zhu
- The Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- The Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Li Pan
- The Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tom Hsiang
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Junbin Huang
- The Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University
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Terzi V, Tumino G, Stanca AM, Morcia C. Reducing the incidence of cereal head infection and mycotoxins in small grain cereal species. J Cereal Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Divakara ST, Santosh P, Aiyaz M, Ramana MV, Hariprasad P, Nayaka SC, Niranjana SR. Molecular identification and characterization of Fusarium spp. associated with sorghum seeds. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:1132-1139. [PMID: 24003016 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium spp. are not only pathogenic to plants but are also known as toxin producers that negatively affect animal and human health. The identification of Fusarium spp. remains one of the most critical issues in fungal taxonomy. In this study, different strains of Fusarium spp. were isolated from sorghum seed samples and identified at the molecular level by tef-1α gene amplification. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assay was developed to differentiate toxigenic and non-toxigenic Fusarium spp. by designing a primer for the Fum21 gene along with the Fum1 and Fum8 genes. A competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CD-ELISA) was employed to assess the fumonisin-producing ability of Fusarium spp. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using partial sequences of tef-1α and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers of different Fusarium spp. RESULTS All 27 isolates of Fusarium spp. were positive for the tef-1α gene and revealed the presence of F. verticillioides, F. thapsina and F. cf. incarnatum-equiseti complex. The standardized mPCR assay distinguished toxigenic and non-toxigenic F. verticillioides. Further, mPCR fumonisin-positive F. verticillioides isolates were also positive by CD-ELISA. The tef-1α gene sequence was found to be useful in revealing intraspecific polymorphism to some extent. ISSR markers revealed a high level of polymorphism among different isolates of Fusarium spp., and the dendrogram of ISSR analyses grouped the 27 isolates into two major clusters. CONCLUSION The present method provided rapid and reliable detection of fumonisin-producing Fusarium spp. The mPCR assay could be an alternative strategy to current conventional mycotoxin analytical techniques and a reliable tool for high-throughput monitoring of major mycotoxin-producing fungi during the processing steps of food and feed commodities.
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Morcia C, Rattotti E, Stanca AM, Tumino G, Rossi V, Ravaglia S, Germeier CU, Herrmann M, Polisenska I, Terzi V. Fusarium genetic traceability: Role for mycotoxin control in small grain cereals agro-food chains. J Cereal Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Ganopoulos I, Madesis P, Zambounis A, Tsaftaris A. High-resolution melting analysis allowed fast and accurate closed-tube genotyping of Fusarium oxysporum formae speciales complex. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2012; 334:16-21. [PMID: 22670678 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2012.02610.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus Fusarium oxysporum is a highly complex species composed by many strains put together into groups called formae speciales. As it is difficult and laborious to discriminate Fusarium formae specials via biochemical or phenotypic methods, it is very important to develop novel, rapid, and simple to perform identification methods. Herein, real-time PCR assay [using universal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) primers] coupled with high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis was developed for identifying and distinguishing F. oxysporum formae speciales complex. The melting curve analysis of these amplicons specifically classified all isolates into seven F. oxysporum formae speciales and generated seven HRM curve profiles. The smallest DNA sequence difference recognized in this study was one nucleotide. The results presented show that HRM curve analysis of Fusarium ITS sequences is a simple, quick, and reproducible method that allows both the identification of seven F. oxysporum formae speciales and at the same time their screening for variants. Our genotyping assay uses the combined information of simultaneously acquired HRM data from an unlabeled probe and the full-length amplicon. Finally, the completion of both reaction and analysis in a closed tube saves time by eliminating the separate steps and reduces the risk of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Ganopoulos
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Davari M, van Diepeningen AD, Babai-Ahari A, Arzanlou M, Najafzadeh MJ, van der Lee TAJ, de Hoog GS. Rapid identification of Fusarium graminearum species complex using Rolling Circle Amplification (RCA). J Microbiol Methods 2012; 89:63-70. [PMID: 22326479 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Rolling Circle Amplification (RCA) of DNA is a sensitive and cost effective method for the rapid identification of pathogenic fungi without the need for sequencing. Amplification products can be visualized on 1% agarose gel to verify the specificity of probe-template binding or directly by adding fluorescent dyes. Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is currently the world's largest threat to the production of cereal crops with the production of a range of mycotoxins as an additional risk. We designed sets of RCA padlock probes based on polymorphisms in the elongation factor 1-α (EF-1α) gene to detect the dominant FHB species, comprising lineages of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC). The method also enabled the identification of species of the Fusarium oxysporum (FOSC), the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti (FIESC), and the Fusarium tricinctum (FTSC) species complexes, and used strains from the CBS culture collection as reference. Subsequently probes were applied to characterize isolates from wheat and wild grasses, and inoculated wheat kernels. The RCA assays successfully amplified DNA of the target fungi, both in environmental samples and in the contaminated wheat samples, while no cross reactivity was observed with uncontaminated wheat or related Fusarium species. As RCA does not require expensive instrumentation, the technique has a good potential for local and point of care screening for toxigenic Fusarium species in cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Davari
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Pashley CH, Fairs A, Free RC, Wardlaw AJ. DNA analysis of outdoor air reveals a high degree of fungal diversity, temporal variability, and genera not seen by spore morphology. Fungal Biol 2011; 116:214-24. [PMID: 22289767 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are ubiquitous with many capable of causing disease by direct infection, toxicoses, or allergy. Fungal spores are present in outdoor air throughout the year, yet airborne diversity is poorly characterised. Airborne fungal spores are routinely counted by microscopy, enabling identification to genera at best. We generated traditional microscopic counts over a year, then used environmental sequencing techniques to assess and compare 3 d selected from the main fungal spore season. The days selected corresponded to one with a high quantity of spores unidentifiable by microscopy, and two representing dry and wet summer periods. Over 86 % of genera detected by sequencing were not routinely identifiable by microscopy. A high degree of temporal variability was detected, with the percentage of clones attributed to Basidiomycota or Ascomycota, and composition of genera within each phylum varying greatly between days. Throughout the year Basidiomycota spores were found at higher levels than Ascomycota, but levels fluctuated daily with Ascomycota comprising 11-84 % of total spores and Basidiomycota 7-81 %. No significant difference was found between the proportion of clones attributed to each morphological group detected by sequencing to that counted by microscopy (P = 0.477, 0.985, and 0.561). The majority of abundant genera detected by DNA analysis are not routinely identified by microscopy (>75 %). Of those, several are known human and plant pathogens, and may represent unrecognised aeroallergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine H Pashley
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK.
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