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Medeiros LCD, Sant'Anna C, Ferreira VS, Gasparotto LHS. Silver-nanoparticle-modified nanocellulose synthesized by pyroligneous acid: cytotoxicity towards HaCat cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:385101. [PMID: 38906121 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad5aa2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, pyroligneous acid, also known as wood vinegar, has been employed as reducing and stabilizing agent in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) anchored on nanocellulose (NC). The idea is to confer the latter bactericidal properties for its typical uses such as in cosmetics and food-packing. It has been demonstrated that AgNPs can be directly produced onto NC in one-pot fashion while dramatically enhancing the kinetics of AgNPs synthesis (2 h for reaction completion) in comparison to the NC-less counterpart (10 days for reaction completion). Furthermore, NC allowed for a narrower size distribution of AgNPs. NC-supported and non-supported AgNPs had sizes of 5.1 ± 1.6 nm and 16.7 ± 4.62 nm, respectively. Immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCat) cells were then employed as model to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the AgNPs-NC compound. The latter was found not to impact cell proliferation at any formulation, while decreasing the viability by only 6.8% after 72 h. This study contributes to the development of more environmentally benign routes to produce nanomaterials and to the understanding of their impact on cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcio C D Medeiros
- Biological Chemistry and Chemometrics Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Celso Sant'Anna
- Laboratory of Biotechnology-Labio, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and technology-Inmetro, Duque de Caxias 25250-020, RJ, Brazil
| | - Veronica S Ferreira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology-Labio, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and technology-Inmetro, Duque de Caxias 25250-020, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz H S Gasparotto
- Biological Chemistry and Chemometrics Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, RN, Brazil
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Zhou H, Shen Y, Zhang N, Liu Z, Bao L, Xia Y. Wood fiber biomass pyrolysis solution as a potential tool for plant disease management: A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25509. [PMID: 38333782 PMCID: PMC10850972 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Wood vinegar is a high-value acidic byproduct of biomass pyrolysis used for charcoal production. It is widely used in agriculture and forestry. The adverse effects of synthetic fungicides on the environment and human health have prompted the increasing use of biofungicides as alternatives to traditional products in integrated plant disease management programs. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the potential of wood vinegar as a disease management tool in agriculture and forestry. In this paper, the composition and preparation process of wood vinegar and its application in agriculture and forestry were introduced, and the effect and mechanism of wood vinegar against fungi, viruses and bacteria were summarized. The potential of wood vinegar as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to conventional chemical fungicides is also discussed. Finally, some suggestions on the application and development of wood vinegar were put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyin Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Soil Fertility and Pollution Remediation Engineering Research Center, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yan Shen
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Naiming Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Soil Fertility and Pollution Remediation Engineering Research Center, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zhizong Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Soil Fertility and Pollution Remediation Engineering Research Center, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Li Bao
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Soil Fertility and Pollution Remediation Engineering Research Center, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yunsheng Xia
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Soil Fertility and Pollution Remediation Engineering Research Center, Kunming, 650201, China
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Zhou H, Fu K, Shen Y, Li R, Su Y, Deng Y, Xia Y, Zhang N. Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms of Wood Vinegar-Induced Stress Response against Tomato Fusarium Wilt Disease. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:157. [PMID: 38256711 PMCID: PMC10819440 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Wood vinegar, a by-product of charcoal biomass pyrolysis, has been used as a biofungicide in plant disease management because of its antimicrobial properties. However, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms through which wood vinegar alleviates biotic stress are poorly understood. In this study, pot experiments were conducted to investigate the resistance and regulation mechanism of wood vinegar prepared from different raw materials (ZM) and from a single raw material (SM) in controlling tomato (Solanum lycopersicum "Bonny Best") Fusarium wilt at different concentrations (0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2%, and 1.5%). The results showed that ZM and SM had significant control effects on tomato fusarium wilt under different concentrations in the same growth cycle. Under biotic stress, the two kinds of wood vinegar significantly increased the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and yield of tomato under the concentration of 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9% and 1.2%, and significantly reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in tomato leaves. The effect of 0.9% treatment was the most significant, ZM and SM significantly increased tomato yield by 122% and 74%, respectively, compared with CK under 0.9% treatment. However, the plant height, stem diameter and leaf area of tomato were significantly reduced under 1.5% treatment, but the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein and vitamin C in tomato fruit was the best. Compared with CK, ZM significantly increased by 14%, 193% and 67%, respectively, and SM significantly increased by 28%, 300% and 159%, respectively. Except for 0.3% treatment, both significantly increased the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in tomato leaves. The response intensity of two kinds of wood vinegar-physiological and biochemical-to tomato disease resistance, growth and development, showed ZM > SM. The disease index of tomato showed highly significant negative correlation with plant height, stem thickness, leaf area and antioxidant physiology CAT, and highly significant positive correlation with MDA and H2O2 content. In conclusion, ZM was more effective than SM in enhancing tomato disease resistance by promoting tomato growth and development, decreasing leaf MDA and H2O2 content, and inducing antioxidant enzyme activity in leaves at moderate concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyin Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (H.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Kejian Fu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (K.F.); (R.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yan Shen
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (H.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Runhe Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (K.F.); (R.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.)
| | - Youbo Su
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (K.F.); (R.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yishu Deng
- College of Architectural Engineering, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Yunsheng Xia
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (K.F.); (R.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.)
| | - Naiming Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (K.F.); (R.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.)
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Seok YJ, Park JH. Reducing nitrogen leaching using wood vinegar treated in urea-fertilized soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:7138-7145. [PMID: 38157171 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Wood vinegar (WV) is known to retard the release of ammonium (NH4+) from urea by inhibiting urea hydrolysis. However, the effect of WV on nitrogen leaching in soil is not known, and there are few studies on the effect of WV on microbial activity although WV exhibits antibacterial properties against pathogens in agriculture. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of WV on controlling nitrogen leaching and soil microbial activity. Soils were treated with urea and WV, and the available inorganic nitrogen concentrations in the soil were compared with those from soils treated with N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), a commonly used urease inhibitor. The nitrate concentration in the soil was significantly decreased in the WV treatment, although the ammonium concentration was not affected by the WV treatment. Basal soil respiration was significantly increased in the WV and NBPT treatments although the microbial biomass was increased in the urea only treatment. The ammonium nitrogen concentration in the leachate was not significantly different in the WV and urea-treated soil compared to the urea-only treatment. However, the nitrate leaching increased in the soil treated only with urea at 16 days after the treatment although there was no statistically significant difference in the total leached nitrate. Therefore, WV can be used to reduce nitrogen leaching and enhance soil microbial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Ju Seok
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Park
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Semi-VOCs of Wood Vinegar Display Strong Antifungal Activities against Oomycete Species Globisporangium ultimum and Pythium aphanidermatum. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres14010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant disease outbreaks are increasingly exacerbated by climate change and the conditions of stress combinations. They are negatively affecting crop yield and driving threats to food security in many areas of the world. Although synthetic pesticides offer relative success in the control of pests and plant diseases, they are often overused, and this method faces numerous drawbacks, including environmental toxicity, soil degradation, and adverse effects on human health. Therefore, alternatives are being developed and examined, including the biocontrol of pests and pathogens and biomass pyrolysis leading to wood vinegar that has shown great promise in agriculture and organic farming. However, while wood vinegar use is expanding and allows the control of numerous pests and bacterial and fungal diseases, its application to control oomycete diseases is limited. This study aimed to test wood vinegar for the control of oomycete plant pathogens from which six wood vinegars of pistachio, pomegranate, almond, pine, cypress, and walnut were produced. The inhibitory effects of volatile metabolites (semi-VOCs) of different wood vinegars concentrations (100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25%) were examined against the hyphal growth of Globisporangium ultimum and Pythium aphanidermatum isolates. An in vitro analysis unambiguously demonstrated that for Globisporangium ultimum, the wood vinegar semi-VOCs of almond, pistachio (C 100% and 50%), and walnut (C 100%) totally inhibited mycelial growth. On the other hand, Pythium aphanidermatum, pistachio (C 100%, 50%, and 25%), and cypress (C 100%) expressed their abilities to completely inhibit the mycelial growth. Other treatments, including relevant concentrations of pine and pomegranate significantly inhibited the growth of mycelia of both species compared to the control (p ≤ 0.05). Therefore, wood vinegar could be considered a natural and organic product to use in agriculture to cope not only against pests, bacterial and fungal pests but also against emerging oomycete plant diseases.
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The Antifungal Effect of Pyroligneous Acid on the Phytopathogenic Fungus Botrytis cinerea. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043080. [PMID: 36834495 PMCID: PMC9959546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, climate change has intensified harsh periods of rain alternating with periods of drought, leading to an increase in the presence of phytopathogenic fungi. In this study, we want to analyse the antifungal properties of pyroligneous acid against the fungal phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea. Through the inhibition test, we observed that the application of different dilutions of pyroligneous acid rarefied the growth of the fungal mycelium. Furthermore, we have seen through the metabolic profile that B. cinerea is not able to use pyroligneous acid as a resource or even grow in close contact with this resource. Moreover, we observed that the pre-incubation of the fungus in pyroligneous acid leads to a reduction in biomass production. These results give us hope for the possible use of this natural substance as a possible substance to protect plantations from pathogen attacks.
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Medeiros LC, Fernandes RS, Sant’Anna C, Gasparotto LH. Dual action of pyroligneous acid in the eco-friendly synthesis of bactericidal silver nanoparticles. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11234. [PMID: 36353176 PMCID: PMC9637653 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we demonstrate that pyroligneous acid (PA), also known as wood vinegar, functions efficiently as both reducing and stabilizing agent in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The synthesis and stabilization of AgNPs take place in the following fashion: 1) in alkaline environment, oxygenated species (phenols in the present case) contained in PA reduce silver ions to metallic silver; 2) acetic acid, abundantly present in PA, adsorb onto the AgNPs conferring electrostatic stabilization. This mechanism is supported by GC-MS and RAMAN analysis, with the former revealing the compounds lacking in PA after nanoparticle synthesis and the latter demonstrating acetic acid adsorbed on the nanoparticles. The AgNPs produced via this method were quite stable up to 150 days (zeta potential = -56 mV). The AgNPs were then found to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Concerning PA, we showed that it displays bactericidal properties only under acidic conditions. This study contributes to the development of more environmentally benign routes to produce nanomaterials. Pyroligneous acid as reducing and stabilizing agent to produce silver nanoparticles. No hazardous chemicals employed in the synthesis of the nanoparticles. Pyroligneous acid displays bactericidal activity only under acidic conditions. Mitigation of the environmental impact of pyrolysis gasses.
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Sivaram AK, Logeshwaran P, Abinandan S, Mukunthan K, Megharaj M. Cyto-genotoxicity evaluation of pyroligneous acid using Allium cepa assay. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 57:852-857. [PMID: 36093751 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2119741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pyroligneous acid (PA) is a highly oxygenated organic condensate obtained by cooling the gases generated from the pyrolysis process. PA has been used in agriculture for several years with multiple beneficial effects, including plant health and yields, pest resilience, and seed germination. It is generally applied to agricultural soils in the dilution of 1:1000 to 1:100, corresponding to 0.1-1% PA concentration. In this study, the cyto-genotoxic potential of PA to Allium cepa meristematic root-tips (where all cells undergo repeated division and form primary root tissues) was examined. Exposure to PA concentrations of 0.1% and above showed a reduction in the mitotic index percentage, and at 5%, a complete arrest in the cell division was recorded. However, chromosomal aberrations at 0.5, 1, and 3% PA were reversible types such as bridges, vagrants, laggards, and multipolar anaphase, with a maximum of only 5.8% chromosomal aberration observed at 3% PA. Comet assay (single-cell gel electrophoresis) for genotoxicity assessment determined using PA exposed A. cepa root tips showed that it was not genotoxic. The absence of cyto-genotoxicity in A. cepa, even at concentrations far above what would be typically encountered in agricultural applications, strongly suggests that PA is unlikely to cause adverse effects on crops and ultimately on the biota and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anithadevi Kenday Sivaram
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Panneerselvan Logeshwaran
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Sudharsanam Abinandan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | | | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Guo G, Huang Q, Jin F, Lin L, Wang Q, Fu Q, Liu Y, Sajjad M, Wang J, Liao Z, Cai M. Exploration of the Interrelationship within Biomass Pyrolysis Liquid Composition Based on Multivariate Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175656. [PMID: 36080423 PMCID: PMC9457913 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse utilization of pyrolysis liquid is closely related to its chemical compositions. Several factors affect PA compositions during the preparation. In this study, multivariate statistical analysis was conducted to assess PA compositions data obtained from published paper and experimental data. Results showed the chemical constituents were not significantly different in different feedstock materials. Acids and phenolics contents were 31.96% (CI: 25.30−38.62) and 26.50% (CI: 21.43−31.57), respectively, accounting for 58.46% (CI: 46.72−70.19) of the total relative contents. When pyrolysis temperatures range increased to above 350 °C, acids and ketones contents decreased by more than 5.2-fold and 1.53-fold, respectively, whereas phenolics content increased by more than 2.1-fold, and acetic acid content was the highest, reaching 34.16% (CI: 25.55−42.78). Correlation analysis demonstrated a significantly negative correlation between acids and phenolics (r2 = −0.43, p < 0.001) and significantly positive correlation between ketones and alcohols (r2 = 0.26, p < 0.05). The pyrolysis temperatures had a negative linear relationship with acids (slope = −0.07, r2 = 0.16, p < 0.001) and aldehydes (slope = −0.02, r2 = 0.09, p < 0.05) and positive linear relationship with phenolics (slope = 0.04, r2 = 0.07, p < 0.05). This study provides a theoretical reference of PA application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genmao Guo
- Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Fangming Jin
- Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Linyi Lin
- Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qionglin Fu
- Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhenni Liao
- Chenzhou Institute of Forestry, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Miao Cai
- Pujin Environmental Engineering (Hainan) Co., Ltd., Haikou 570125, China
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Vannini A, Fedeli R, Guarnieri M, Loppi S. Foliar Application of Wood Distillate Alleviates Ozone-Induced Damage in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040178. [PMID: 35448439 PMCID: PMC9031150 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether foliar applications of wood distillate (WD) have a protective effect on photosynthesis and the antioxidant power of lettuce when exposed to an ecologically relevant O3 concentration. Seedlings of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were fumigated daily with 60 ppb of O3 for 30 days, five hours per day. Once per week, 50% of the fumigated plants were treated with foliar applications of 0.2% WD, while control plants were treated with water. The results clearly showed the ability of WD to protect lettuce plants from ozone-induced damage. Specifically, WD-treated plants exhibited lower damage to the photosynthetic machinery, assessed through a series of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, a higher chlorophyll content, higher antioxidant power, as well as antioxidant molecules, i.e., caffeic acid and quercetin, and higher biomass. Counteracting the overproduction of ozone-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) is speculated to be the main mechanism by which WD protects the plant from ozone-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vannini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Riccardo Fedeli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via PA Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (R.F.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Massimo Guarnieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via PA Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (R.F.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Stefano Loppi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via PA Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (R.F.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80138 Napoli, Italy
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Lee JK, Park HJ, Cha SJ, Kwon SJ, Park JH. Effect of pyroligneous acid on soil urease, amidase, and nitrogen use efficiency by Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris var. Pekinensis). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118132. [PMID: 34536645 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Urea is one of the most commonly used nitrogen fertilizers in agricultural soil and is easily decomposed by soil urease resulting in ammonium release. The produced ammonium can be volatilized or converted to nitrate, which is susceptible to leaching, leading to groundwater contamination unless used by plants. Hence, it is important to control the release of nitrogen from the urea. Pyroligneous acid inhibited the urease activity and decreased ammonium release up to 80% compared to the control. Amidase including asparaginase and glutaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of amide group, similar to urease. Therefore, the effect of pyroligneous acid on the inhibition of soil amidase was also tested and the results showed that pyroligneous acid competitively inhibited asparaginase while glutaminase was not inhibited. However, inhibitory effect of pyroligneous acid on asparaginase was negligible compared to the urease. The application of pyroligneous acid with a smaller amount of urea for controlled nitrogen release during Chinese cabbage growth showed that dry biomass and nutrient contents of Chinese cabbage were similar to the case of the conventional urea application. The nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) was highest for 33% less amount of urea supply with pyroligneous acid (2.21) compared to conventional treatment (1.81). Consequently, the use of pyroligneous acid with urea enhances nitrogen use efficiency while also protecting environments from non-point source contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Kyung Lee
- Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Park
- Soil Research Institute, Prumbio Co. Ltd, South Korea
| | - Seung Ju Cha
- Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Seon Ju Kwon
- Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Jin Hee Park
- Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea.
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Wu T, Zhang Q, Xin H, Li S, Song T, Zhang Z. Study on the selective separation of methanol and methyl ethyl ketone from the azeotropic system using ionic liquids and their separation mechanism. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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13
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Characterization of the Safety Profile of Sweet Chestnut Wood Distillate Employed in Agriculture. SAFETY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/safety7040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In organic agriculture, synthetic pesticides and treatments are substituted by natural remedies with interesting success for product yield and environmental outcomes, but the safety of these bio-based products needs to be assessed in vertebrate and human models. Therefore, in this paper we assessed the safety profile of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) wood distillate (WD) on the different cellular components of tissues implied in transcutaneous absorption. We investigated the viability of different cell lines mimicking the skin (HaCaT keratinocytes), mucosa (A431), connective (normal human dermal fibroblasts, NHDF) and vascular (human umbilical vein endothelial cells, HUVEC) tissues after exposure to increasing concentrations (0.04–0.5%, v/v, corresponding to 1:2800–1:200 dilutions) of WD. A short exposure to increasing doses of WD was well tolerated up to the highest concentration. Instead, following a prolonged treatment, a concentration dependent cytotoxic effect was observed. Notably, a different behavior was found with the various cell lines, with higher sensitivity to cytotoxicity by the cells with higher proliferation rate and reduced doubling time (human keratinocytes). Moreover, to exclude an inflammatory effect at the not cytotoxic WD concentrations, the expression of the main inducible markers of inflammation, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1), were assessed, and no improvement was found both after brief and prolonged exposure. In conclusion, our data exclude any inflammatory and cytotoxic effect at the lowest WD concentrations, namely 0.07% and 0.04%, mimicking some recommended dilutions of the product and the potential exposure doses for the operators in agriculture. Nevertheless, higher concentrations showed a safe profile for short time usage, but caution should be used by farmers following persistent product exposure.
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de Souza JLS, Alves T, Camerini L, Nedel F, Campos AD, Lund RG. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic capacity of pyroligneous extracts films of Eucalyptus grandis and chitosan for oral applications. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21531. [PMID: 34728647 PMCID: PMC8563853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan films containing distilled pyroligneous extracts of Eucalyptus grandis (DPEC), characterized and developed by Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation-Embrapa Temperate Agriculture (EMBRAPA-CPACT), were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, and Lactobacillus acidophilus by direct contact test. Further, their capacity for the prevention of teeth enamel demineralization and cytotoxicity in vitro were also determined. The natural polymers were tested at different concentrations (1500-7500 µg mL-1) and the formulation of an experimental fluoride varnish with antimicrobial activity was evaluated by direct contact test, whereas cytotoxicity was analyzed through the colorimetric MTT assay. Preliminary data showed no statistically significant differences in cytotoxicity to NIH/3T3 cell line when DPEC is compared to the control group. On the other hand, the antimicrobial capacity and demineralization effects were found between the test groups at the different concentrations tested. Chitosan films containing distilled pyroligneous extracts of E. grandis may be an effective control strategy to prevent biofilm formation related to dental caries when applied as a protective varnish. They may inhibit the colonization of oral microorganisms and possibly control dental caries through a decrease in pH and impairment of enamel demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Leitzke Santos de Souza
- Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Federal University of Pelotas, Eliseu Maciel Avenue, Building 31, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Tomaz Alves
- Graduate Program in Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 385 S Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Laísa Camerini
- Post-Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, 373 Gonçalves Chaves Street, Room 411C, Pelotas, RS, 96015-560, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Nedel
- Post-Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, 373 Gonçalves Chaves Street, Room 411C, Pelotas, RS, 96015-560, Brazil
| | - Angela Diniz Campos
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Temperate Climate, Highway BR-392, 78th km, 9th district, Monte Bonito, Pelotas, RS, 96010-971, Brazil
| | - Rafael Guerra Lund
- Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Pelotas Dental School, Federal University of Pelotas, 457 Gonçalves Chaves, Room 503, Pelotas, RS, 96015-560, Brazil.
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15
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Liu X, Cui R, Shi J, Jiang Q, Gao J, Wang Z, Li X. Separation and microencapsulation of antibacterial compounds from wood vinegar. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Effects of Loblolly Pine Biochar and Wood Vinegar on Poultry Litter Nutrients and Microbial Abundance. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082209. [PMID: 34438667 PMCID: PMC8388362 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar, wood vinegar, and poultry litter are waste streams that can be utilized as soil amendments and fertilizers. However, poultry litter releases several pollutants through nutrient leaching and carries heavy microbial loads, including potential human pathogens. Improving nutrient retention and reducing microbial load in poultry litter may help protect environmental and human health and improve its value as a soil amendment. The objectives of this study were to determine how blending varying proportions of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) biochar, wood vinegar, and poultry litter affected nutrient profiles and microbial abundance over time. Biochar inclusion rates were 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20%, and wood vinegar was applied at 2% w/w. Samples were taken at Day 0, 57, and 112 to measure nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, pH, total fungi, and total bacteria. Nutrient levels generally decreased with increasing biochar level; however, biochar inclusion rates of 10% and 20% retained nitrogen and phosphorus and exhibited improved physical properties. Overall, adding wood vinegar decreased nutrient concentrations and showed a biocidal effect for bacteria and fungi. Bacteria and fungi showed different relationships with biochar inclusion rates, with fungi preferring higher biochar inclusion rates and bacteria flourishing at lower biochar inclusion rates.
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17
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Effects of wood distillate and soy lecithin on the photosynthetic performance and growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-04028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis study investigated the effectiveness of foliar application of sweet chestnut wood distillate on the photosynthetic performance and growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv ‘Canasta’), both alone and in combination with soybean lecithin used as biosurfactant. Seedlings of lettuce were treated with a foliar application of either mineral water (control), or 1:500 solutions of 3% soy lecithin, wood distillate and wood distillate plus 3% soy lecithin. After 1 week, the chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll reflectance and dry biomass were measured. The results showed that both wood distillate and lecithin exerted a positive effect on chlorophyll content and biomass production, but the joint use of wood distillate and lecithin quickly stimulated a ca. 50% increase in these parameters and is thus recommended.
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18
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Exogenous bamboo pyroligneous acid improves antioxidant capacity and primes defense responses of harvested apple fruit. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Fačkovcová Z, Vannini A, Monaci F, Grattacaso M, Paoli L, Loppi S. Effects of wood distillate (pyroligneous acid) on sensitive bioindicators (lichen and moss). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 204:111117. [PMID: 32798753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wood distillate (pyroligneous acid) can be successfully applied in agriculture to increase crop quality and productivity with a lower risk for the environment respect to synthetic chemical herbicides, pesticides or fertilizers. However, the effects of wood distillate on the environment and biota are still under investigation, depending on biological attributes of potentially influenced organisms. The potential toxicological effects of wood distillate on sensitive non-target organisms, lichens and mosses, are studied for the first time. The physiological parameters (chlorophyll a fluorescence emission FV/FM and PI(ABS), chlorophyll content, spectral reflectance, antioxidant power, and dehydrogenase activity) and eventual bioaccumulation of selected elements (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn) were investigated in the lichen Xanthoria parietina and the moss Hypnum cupressiforme after short-term treatments over a range of wood distillate solutions (1:300, 1:500, 1:700) to detect potential early stress responses. Overall, the lichen did not show changes after the treatments, while in the moss wood distillate caused only modest alterations in FV/FM and PI(ABS) and progressive increasing of antioxidant activity according to the dose supplied. The bioaccumulation of toxic elements was low and did not show any pattern of uptake with increasing concentrations of wood distillate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Fačkovcová
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Pier Andrea Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy; Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, SK-84523, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Andrea Vannini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Pier Andrea Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Monaci
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Pier Andrea Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Martina Grattacaso
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Pier Andrea Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Luca Paoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Ghini 13, I-56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Stefano Loppi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Pier Andrea Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
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20
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Aguirre JL, Baena J, Martín MT, González S, Manjón JL, Peinado M. Herbicidal effects of wood vinegar on nitrophilous plant communities. Food Energy Secur 2020; 9:e253. [PMID: 35865269 PMCID: PMC9285909 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Europe, and many parts of the world, the number and variety of animal species on farmland is in marked decline. There is a need to search for alternatives that are safe for the environmental and are effective in controlling weeds. Wood vinegar from biomass pyrolysis may be an alternative for herb control. In this study, Wood vinegar (WV) pH, moisture content, and composition were analyzed, with subsequent assessment of the effects of WV on nitrophilous plant communities under natural conditions. The following three treatments were used: WV dissolved in water to form 25 vol% and 50 vol% dilutions and undiluted WV (100 vol%). The results showed a greater than 70% decrease in biomass at 7 days after WV application in all treatments. At the end of the sampling period (day 42), the plots treated with WV had four‐times less biomass than the controls. No significant differences were observed among different treatments, thus indicating that a 25% dilution may suffice for use as an herbicide. However, this concentration also produced the highest variability in results. The area cleared by the affected species was colonized by perennial species. At the end of the sampling, 80% of the area of the treated plots was occupied by perennial species, whereas this percentage was 30% in control plots. Electron micrographs showed that the epidermis of the treated plants was severely affected within a few hours of the treatment, particularly of the stomatal cells. The most affected species were those with smooth leaves without protective structures and those with lighter stems and leaves. The good herbicidal performance of WV notwithstanding, regulations must be clarified for its use as an herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Aguirre
- Cátedra de Medio Ambiente Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá Madrid Spain
- Environment and Bioproducts Group Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá Madrid Spain
| | - Juan Baena
- Cátedra de Medio Ambiente Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá Madrid Spain
- Environment and Bioproducts Group Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá Madrid Spain
| | - María Teresa Martín
- Cátedra de Medio Ambiente Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá Madrid Spain
- Environment and Bioproducts Group Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá Madrid Spain
| | - Sergio González
- Cátedra de Medio Ambiente Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá Madrid Spain
- Environment and Bioproducts Group Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá Madrid Spain
| | - José Luis Manjón
- Departamento de Ciencias de la vida Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá Madrid Spain
| | - Manuel Peinado
- Environment and Bioproducts Group Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá Madrid Spain
- Instituto Franklin de Estudios Norteamericanos Universidad de Alcalá Madrid Spain
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21
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Fačkovcová Z, Vannini A, Monaci F, Grattacaso M, Paoli L, Loppi S. Uptake of Trace Elements in the Water Fern Azolla filiculoides after Short-Term Application of Chestnut Wood Distillate (Pyroligneous Acid). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9091179. [PMID: 32932822 PMCID: PMC7569869 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Treatments of crops with additives to increase their productivity may pose environmental risks and induce negative effects also on non-target organisms. In this study, we investigated the potential effect of chestnut wood distillate (pyroligneous acid) used in agriculture, on the accumulation of trace elements in aquatic plants. As a model species, the common water fern Azolla filiculoides Lam. was selected, being often used also in phytoremediation processes. The content of selected elements of toxicological concern (As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) was assessed in the fern after short-term treatments (1-3 days) over a range of wood distillate concentrations 1:300 (3.33 mL/L), 1:500 (2.00 mL/L), 1:700 (1.43 mL/L). A statistically significant accumulation of Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn (1:700) and Pb (1:300) was recorded after three days of incubation, despite the concentrations remained overall low. Using treatment vs. control ratios, a trend of increasing temporal uptake was detected for As, Ba, Fe, Mn, Pb (1:700); Mn, Pb (1:500), and only Pb at 1:300. The results suggested that, under the experimental conditions, element uptake is positively influenced by time and negatively by increasing concentrations of wood distillate, likely due to the acidification of the medium. On the whole, the element concentrations measured in A. filiculoides were low and did not pose any toxicological concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Fačkovcová
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Pier Andrea Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (Z.F.); (A.V.); (F.M.); (M.G.)
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Vannini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Pier Andrea Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (Z.F.); (A.V.); (F.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Fabrizio Monaci
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Pier Andrea Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (Z.F.); (A.V.); (F.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Martina Grattacaso
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Pier Andrea Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (Z.F.); (A.V.); (F.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Luca Paoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via Ghini 13, I-56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Stefano Loppi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Pier Andrea Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (Z.F.); (A.V.); (F.M.); (M.G.)
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Suresh G, Pakdel H, Rouissi T, Brar SK, Diarra M, Roy C. Evaluation of pyroligneous acid as a therapeutic agent against Salmonella in a simulated gastrointestinal tract of poultry. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1309-1316. [PMID: 32468399 PMCID: PMC7455633 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroligneous acid (PA) was evaluated as a potential alternative to therapeutic antibiotics in poultry. Antimicrobial activity of PA was studied at acidic pH (2.0) and neutral pH (7.0) of the liquid against Salmonella enterica and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Acidic PA gave a MIC value of 0.8% (v/v) and 1.6% (v/v), and neutralized PA gave a MIC value of 1.6% (v/v) and 3.2% (v/v) against S. enterica and L. acidophilus respectively. Acidic PA was evaluated at different concentrations in a simulated poultry digestive tract and cecal fermentation to study its effect on the cecal microflora and fermentation profile. PA at a concentration of 1.6% (v/v) completely inhibited S. enterica and was also found to have a similar effect on lactobacilli count as compared with the control (p = 0.17). Additionally, PA at this concentration was found not to have a significant effect on acetic acid production after 24 h of cecal fermentation (p = 0.20). Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Suresh
- Centre - Eau Terre Environnement, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Hooshang Pakdel
- Pyrovac Inc, 176-2 rue Damase-Breton, Saint-Lambert-de-Lauzon, QC, G0S 2W0, Canada
| | - Tarek Rouissi
- Centre - Eau Terre Environnement, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- Centre - Eau Terre Environnement, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada.
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Moussa Diarra
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian Roy
- Pyrovac Inc, 176-2 rue Damase-Breton, Saint-Lambert-de-Lauzon, QC, G0S 2W0, Canada
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Composition, Ageing and Herbicidal Properties of Wood Vinegar Obtained through Fast Biomass Pyrolysis. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13102418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis could be an economically feasible option for forest management as it reduces the need to burn litter and helps in fire prevention thus avoiding the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This study characterises wood vinegar (WV) obtained via a continuous fast pyrolysis process in terms of its composition, ageing and herbicidal properties. The aqueous WV fraction had a moisture content of 84% in weight and contained more than 200 compounds. Acetic acid, hydroxyacetaldehyde and hydroxyacetone were the major components. No significant differences were found in WV composition according to the starting material (poplar, pine, pruning litter, forest waste). No residual aromatic polycyclic compounds that could be harmful to the environment were detected. In a series of climate-controlled glass chamber experiments, the WV proved to be as effective an inhibitor of seed germination and seedling growth as a contact herbicide acting against weeds, especially through aerial contact. Sprayed WV concentrations of 50, 75 and 100 vol. % were effective against all plant species tested. This product could therefore be of commercial interest and help make biomass pyrolysis economically viable, once environmental exposure limits and the safe application for agricultural and urban use of this product have been established.
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de Lima GG, Mendes C, de Marchi G, Vicari T, Cestari MM, Gomes MF, Ramsdorf WA, Magalhães WLE, Hansel FA, Leme DM. The evaluation of the potential ecotoxicity of pyroligneous acid obtained from fast pyrolysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:616-623. [PMID: 31132557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pyroligneous acid (PA) is a by-product of bio-oil, which is obtained by pyrolysis of the wood. This product has been tested for use in several areas, such as agriculture, as a promising green herbicide; however, there are few scientific data regarding its environmental impacts. For this study, an ecotoxicity testing battery, composed of Daphnia magna acute toxicity test, Allium cepa test and in vitro Comet assay with the rainbow trout gonad-2 cell fish line (RTG-2) were used to evaluate the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of PA obtained from fast pyrolysis of eucalyptus wood fines. The PA presented acute toxicity to D. magna (microcrustacea) with EC50 of 26.12 mg/L, and inhibited the seed germination (EC50 5.556 g/L) and root development (EC50 3.436 g/L) of A. cepa (higher plant). No signs of genotoxicity (chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in A. cepa and primary DNA lesions in RTG-2 cells) were detected to this product. The acute toxicity and absence of genotoxicity may relate to the molecules found in the PA, being the phenolic fraction the key chemical candidate responsible for the toxicity observed. In addition, daphnids seem to be more sensitivity to the toxicity of PA than higher plants based on their EC50 values. This first ecotoxicological evaluation of PA from fast pyrolysis pointed out the need of determining environmental exposure limits to promote the safer agriculture use of this product, avoiding impacts to living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Goetten de Lima
- Graduate Program in Engineering and Science of Materials - PIPE, Federal University of Paraná - UFPR, 81.531-990 Curitiba PR, Brazil; Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Camila Mendes
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Gustavo de Marchi
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Taynah Vicari
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Monike F Gomes
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Jahanban-Esfahlan A, Ostadrahimi A, Tabibiazar M, Amarowicz R. A Comprehensive Review on the Chemical Constituents and Functional Uses of Walnut ( Juglans spp.) Husk. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3920. [PMID: 31409014 PMCID: PMC6719079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The walnut (Juglans spp.) is an appreciated nut that belongs to the Juglandaceae family. The fruit includes four main parts: the kernel, the skin, the shell, and the green husk. It is widely cultivated due to its edible kernel. In walnut production centers, high amounts of the husk as an agro-forest waste product are produced and discarded away. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the walnut green husk could be valued as a source of different natural bioactive compounds with excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Regarding this respect, in this contribution, the current scientific knowledge on the antioxidant and antiradical activities, various identified and isolated individual chemical constituents, as well as the functional applications of the walnut husk with more emphasis on the Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Tabibiazar
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran.
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Division of Food Sciences, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-468 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Li Z, Wu L, Sun S, Gao J, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Wang Z. Disinfection and removal performance for Escherichia coli, toxic heavy metals and arsenic by wood vinegar-modified zeolite. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:129-136. [PMID: 30825735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zeolite has traditionally been used to remediate wastewater and soil. The present study shows a new method for natural zeolite (NZ) modification with wood vinegar (WV). The optimal conditions for NZ modification with WV were determined, and the adsorption capacities towards lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As), antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, heavy metal(loid) fraction and characterizations of selected modified zeolites (MZs) were also investigated. The results indicate that 50-fold dilution of WV, 5 g of NZ dosage, 105 °C of drying temperature, 4 h and 95 °C of water bath are preferred for NZ modification with WV. The WV+NaOH-MZ exhibited the best performance in heavy metal removal and the most powerful antimicrobial activity among all the zeolites. The sequence of WV+NaOH-MZ for the maximum single metal(loid) adsorption capacities was Pb (48.67 mg/g) >Cd (23.67 mg/g) > As (0.024 mg/g). The WV+NaOH and WV modifications also can increase the stabilities of heavy metals in the MZs. The residual fractions of single Pb and Cd in WV+NaOH-MZ and WV-MZ were 50%, 55%, 34% and 30%, respectively. The pore size of WV+NaOH-MZ (11.73 nm) was bigger than that of NZ or WV-MZ. Additionally, the proportion of clinoptilolite in WV+NaOH-MZ was also higher than other zeolites. The surfaces of WV+alkali-MZs were rougher than that of NZ. Considering the low cost and environmental risk of WV, this work provides some useful information for management of agricultural and industrial residues, environment and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanchao Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lijie Wu
- College of Chinese Materia Media, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Shuang Sun
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Junli Gao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hanqi Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhiquan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Ziming Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
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Characterization of Five Kinds of Wood Vinegar Obtained from Agricultural and Forestry Wastes and Identification of Major Antioxidants in Wood Vinegar. Chem Res Chin Univ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-019-8207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Suresh G, Pakdel H, Rouissi T, Brar SK, Fliss I, Roy C. In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of pyroligneous acid from softwood mixture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biori.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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da Silva Porto FG, Campos ÂD, Garcia ITS. Distilled pyroligneous liquor obtained from Eucalyptus grandis and chitosan: physicochemical properties of the solution and films. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:672-683. [PMID: 30414023 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The pyroligneous liquor is a product obtained during the production of charcoal, with well-known antimicrobial activity. In this work, we characterized the physical chemistry properties of a formulation composed of distilled pyroligneous liquor (DPL), obtained from Eucalyptus grandis, and chitosan. A good interaction between the polymer and the solvent was observed. Auto-supported films were prepared with these systems and characterized with respect to their structure and photo-protection properties, water vapor permeability, and resistance to water and to thermal degradation. They present a semi-crystalline structure and are hygroscopic, but are stable under immersion for up to 7 days. The swelling degree in water is 300% in weight and the permeability to water vapor was between 30 and 45 g m-1 h-1 (for films with 80 to 10 μm, respectively). The obtained films are able to efficiently block the incident UVB and UVC radiation; the molar absorptivity decreases exponentially with increasing wavelength and is stable up to 300 °C. These properties confer desirable properties to the films, obtained from these precursors of a renewable source, to be used as coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane Grecco da Silva Porto
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Embrapa Clima Temperado, Br 392, Km 78, caixa postal 403, Pelotas, 96010-971, Brazil
| | - Ângela Diniz Campos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Embrapa Clima Temperado, Br 392, Km 78, caixa postal 403, Pelotas, 96010-971, Brazil
| | - Irene Teresinha Santos Garcia
- Departamento de Físico-Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
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Souza JLSD, Guimarães VBDS, Campos AD, Lund RG. Antimicrobial potential of pyroligneous extracts - a systematic review and technological prospecting. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49 Suppl 1:128-139. [PMID: 30150086 PMCID: PMC6328853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroligneous extract is applied in diverse areas as an antioxidant, an antimicrobial, and an anti-inflammatory agent. The discovery of new cost-effective antimicrobial agents of natural origin remains a challenge for the scientific community. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and a technological forecasting of the existent evidence regarding the use of pyroligneous extract as a potential antimicrobial agent. Studies were identified through an investigation of various electronic databases: PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, Google scholar, and ProQuest. Patents were searched through INPI, Google patents, Espacenet, Patents online, USPTO, and WIPO. The literature on antimicrobial activity of pyroligneous extract are limited given the short duration of studies and variability in study design, use of pyroligneous preparations, and reports on results. However, evidence suggests the potential of pyroligneous extract as a natural antimicrobial agent. The most studied activity was the role of PE as a food preservative. However, pyroligneous extracts are also effective against pathogenic bacteria in the oral microflora and treatment of candidal infections. Further research is needed using standardized preparations of pyroligneous extracts to determine their long-term effectiveness and ability as antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Burmann da Silva Guimarães
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Pelotas, Laboratório de Microbiologia Oral, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela Diniz Campos
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Clima Temperado (CPACT), Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, , Monte Bonito, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Guerra Lund
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Pelotas, Laboratório de Microbiologia Oral, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Wang C, Zhang S, Wu S, Cao Z, Zhang Y, Li H, Jiang F, Lyu J. Study on an alternative approach for the preparation of wood vinegar from the hydrothermolysis process of cotton stalk. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 254:231-238. [PMID: 29413928 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The yield and pH of the refined aqueous product (RAP) prepared by the hydrothermolysis of cotton stalk (CS) were investigated using response surface methodology with the variation of three parameters: CS/water ratio of 0.05-0.15w/w, temperature of 180-280 °C, and retention time of 0-30 min. At the best formulation (0.05w/w, 264.36 °C and 0 min), the yield and pH of RAP were 82.8% and 3.95, respectively. Additionally, the organic compounds contained in RAP prepared under the respective optimal formulation (pH: 0.05w/w, 251.43 °C and 0 min, yield: 0.05w/w, 280.00 °C and 0 min) were determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The results show that the kinds of compounds in RAP are identical or similar to those in the wood vinegar (WV), but their contents is slightly higher than that of the WV. In sum, it is feasible that RAP has the enormous potential to be utilized as WV probably because of its higher quality and value than WV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiwei Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Shouyu Zhang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China.
| | - Shunyan Wu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Zhongyao Cao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Fenghao Jiang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Junfu Lyu
- Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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Jahanban-Esfahlan A, Amarowicz R. Walnut (Juglans regiaL.) shell pyroligneous acid: chemical constituents and functional applications. RSC Adv 2018; 8:22376-22391. [PMID: 35539719 PMCID: PMC9081416 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03684e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon the processing of different agricultural products, considerable amounts of by-products and bio-wastes are produced and discarded or burnt as fuel, which are a potential source of valuable compounds. Over the past several decades, plant by-products have been recognized as a source of nutraceutical components, including dietary fibers, phenolics, and many other useful compounds. The walnut is known as an important tree nut. The shell of a walnut is the middle part of the fruit and it is a waste product of walnut processing industries. Recently, pyroligneous acids from the walnut shell have been receiving much-increasing interest because of their excellent antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Hence, this review deals with the recent scientific literature on walnut shell pyroligneous acids and their chemical composition as well as their functional applications. Upon the processing of different agricultural products, considerable amounts of by-products and bio-wastes are produced and discarded or burnt as fuel, which are a potential source of valuable compounds.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Student Research Committee
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Tabriz
- Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Division of Food Sciences
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences
- Olsztyn
- Poland
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de Caprariis B, De Filippis P, Hernandez AD, Petrucci E, Petrullo A, Scarsella M, Turchi M. Pyrolysis wastewater treatment by adsorption on biochars produced by poplar biomass. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 197:231-238. [PMID: 28391096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis is a widely studied thermochemical process, however the disposal of the produced byproducts is an unexplored field. In particular, the acqueous phase, characterized by a high organic load (TOC), must be necessarily treated. Aims of this work is to study the potentiality of biochar as adsorbent material for the treatment of this wastewater. For this aim, pyrolysis wastewater and biochar produced in the same plant were used. Two biochars produced at different temperatures (550 and 750 °C) and an activated biochar produced by chemical activation with NaOH of the raw biomass were tested. The study shows that higher temperature in the biochar production leads to higher sorption capacity of the organic compounds due to an increase of the surface area. The activation process further increases the surface area of the biochar that becomes similar to that of a commercial activated carbon while the sorption capacity exceeds that of commercial activated carbon of 2.5 times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta de Caprariis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo De Filippis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome, Italy
| | - A David Hernandez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Petrucci
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonietta Petrullo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Scarsella
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Turchi
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
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Mathew S, Zakaria ZA, Musa NF. Antioxidant property and chemical profile of pyroligneous acid from pineapple plant waste biomass. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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