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Yu Z, Liu D, Wu C, Zhao W. Intestinal absorption of bioactive oligopeptides: paracellular transport and tight junction modulation. Food Funct 2024; 15:6274-6288. [PMID: 38787733 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00529e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive oligopeptides have gained increasing attention due to their diverse physiological functions, and these can be transported into the vasculature via transcellular and paracellular pathways. Among these, paracellular transport through the intercellular space is a passive diffusion process without energy consumption. It is currently the most frequently reported absorption route for food-derived bioactive oligopeptides. Previous work has demonstrated that paracellular pathways are mainly controlled by tight junctions, but the mechanism by which they regulate paracellular absorption of bioactive oligopeptides remains unclear. In this review, we summarized the composition of paracellular pathways across the intercellular space and elaborated on the paracellular transport mechanism of bioactive oligopeptides in terms of the interaction between oligopeptides and tight junction proteins, the protein expression level of tight junctions, the signaling pathways regulating intestinal permeability, and the properties of oligopeptides themselves. These findings contribute to a more profound understanding of the paracellular absorption of bioactive oligopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P.R. China.
| | - Di Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, P.R. China
| | - Chunjian Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P.R. China.
| | - Wenzhu Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P.R. China.
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2
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Xiong J, Liu Z, Jia L, Sun Y, Guo R, Xi T, Li Z, Wu M, Jiang H, Li Y. Bioinspired engineering ADSC nanovesicles thermosensitive hydrogel enhance autophagy of dermal papilla cells for androgenetic alopecia treatment. Bioact Mater 2024; 36:112-125. [PMID: 38440324 PMCID: PMC10911949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is a highly prevalent form of non-scarring alopecia but lacks effective treatments. Stem cell exosomes have similar repair effects to stem cells, suffer from the drawbacks of high cost and low yield yet. Cell-derived nanovesicles acquired through mechanical extrusion exhibit favorable biomimetic properties similar to exosomes, enabling them to efficiently encapsulate substantial quantities of therapeutic proteins. In this study, we observed that JAM-A, an adhesion protein, resulted in a significantly increased the adhesion and resilience of dermal papilla cells to form snap structures against damage caused by dihydrotestosterone and macrophages, thereby facilitating the process of hair regrowth in cases of AGA. Consequently, adipose-derived stem cells were modified to overexpress JAM-A to produce engineered JAM-A overexpressing nanovesicles (JAM-AOE@NV). The incorporation of JAM-AOE@NV into a thermosensitive hydrogel matrix (JAM-AOE@NV Gel) to effectively addresses the limitations associated with the short half-life of JAM-AOE@NV, and resulted in the achievement of a sustained-release profile for JAM-AOE@NV. The physicochemical characteristics of the JAM-AOE@NV Gel were analyzed and assessed for its efficacy in promoting hair regrowth in vivo and vitro. The JAM-AOE@NV Gel, thus, presents a novel therapeutic approach and theoretical framework for promoting the treatment of low cell adhesion diseases similar to AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachao Xiong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Medical College, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200331, China
| | - Zhixiao Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lingling Jia
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yulin Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Medical College, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200331, China
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Tingting Xi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zihan Li
- St Hugh's College, University of Oxford, OX2 6LE, United Kingdom
| | - Minjuan Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yufei Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
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3
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Huang ZQ, Liu J, Sun LY, Ong HH, Ye J, Xu Y, Wang DY. Updated epithelial barrier dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis: Targeting pathophysiology and treatment response of tight junctions. Allergy 2024; 79:1146-1165. [PMID: 38372149 DOI: 10.1111/all.16064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Tight junction (TJ) proteins establish a physical barrier between epithelial cells, playing a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis by safeguarding host tissues against pathogens, allergens, antigens, irritants, etc. Recently, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that abnormal expression of TJs plays an essential role in the development and progression of inflammatory airway diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with or without nasal polyps. Among them, CRS with nasal polyps is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease that affects the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, leading to a poor prognosis and significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Its pathogenesis primarily involves dysfunction of the nasal epithelial barrier, impaired mucociliary clearance, disordered immune response, and excessive tissue remodeling. Numerous studies have elucidated the pivotal role of TJs in both the pathogenesis and response to traditional therapies in CRS. We therefore to review and discuss potential factors contributing to impair and repair of TJs in the nasal epithelium based on their structure, function, and formation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qun Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hsiao Hui Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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4
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Luissint AC, Fan S, Nishio H, Lerario AM, Miranda J, Hilgarth RS, Cook J, Nusrat A, Parkos CA. CXADR-Like Membrane Protein Regulates Colonic Epithelial Cell Proliferation and Prevents Tumor Growth. Gastroenterology 2024; 166:103-116.e9. [PMID: 37716376 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS CXADR-like membrane protein (CLMP) is structurally related to coxsackie and adenovirus receptor. Pathogenic variants in CLMP gene have been associated with congenital short bowel syndrome, implying a role for CLMP in intestinal development. However, the contribution of CLMP to regulating gut development and homeostasis is unknown. METHODS In this study, we investigated CLMP function in the colonic epithelium using complementary in vivo and in vitro approaches, including mice with inducible intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-specific deletion of CLMP (ClmpΔIEC), intestinal organoids, IECs with overexpression, or loss of CLMP and RNA sequencing data from individuals with colorectal cancer. RESULTS Loss of CLMP enhanced IEC proliferation and, conversely, CLMP overexpression reduced proliferation. Xenograft experiments revealed increased tumor growth in mice implanted with CLMP-deficient colonic tumor cells, and poor engraftment was observed with CLMP-overexpressing cells. ClmpΔIEC mice showed exacerbated tumor burden in an azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium-induced colonic tumorigenesis model, and CLMP expression was reduced in human colorectal cancer samples. Mechanistic studies revealed that CLMP-dependent regulation of IEC proliferation is linked to signaling through mTOR-Akt-β-catenin pathways. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal novel insights into CLMP function in the colonic epithelium, highlighting an important role in regulating IEC proliferation, suggesting tumor suppressive function in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuling Fan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hikaru Nishio
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Antonio M Lerario
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jael Miranda
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Roland S Hilgarth
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jonas Cook
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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5
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Wiggins BG, Wang YF, Burke A, Grunberg N, Vlachaki Walker JM, Dore M, Chahrour C, Pennycook BR, Sanchez-Garrido J, Vernia S, Barr AR, Frankel G, Birdsey GM, Randi AM, Schiering C. Endothelial sensing of AHR ligands regulates intestinal homeostasis. Nature 2023; 621:821-829. [PMID: 37586410 PMCID: PMC10533400 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells line the blood and lymphatic vasculature, and act as an essential physical barrier, control nutrient transport, facilitate tissue immunosurveillance and coordinate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis1,2. In the intestine, dietary and microbial cues are particularly important in the regulation of organ homeostasis. However, whether enteric endothelial cells actively sense and integrate such signals is currently unknown. Here we show that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) acts as a critical node for endothelial cell sensing of dietary metabolites in adult mice and human primary endothelial cells. We first established a comprehensive single-cell endothelial atlas of the mouse small intestine, uncovering the cellular complexity and functional heterogeneity of blood and lymphatic endothelial cells. Analyses of AHR-mediated responses at single-cell resolution identified tissue-protective transcriptional signatures and regulatory networks promoting cellular quiescence and vascular normalcy at steady state. Endothelial AHR deficiency in adult mice resulted in dysregulated inflammatory responses and the initiation of proliferative pathways. Furthermore, endothelial sensing of dietary AHR ligands was required for optimal protection against enteric infection. In human endothelial cells, AHR signalling promoted quiescence and restrained activation by inflammatory mediators. Together, our data provide a comprehensive dissection of the effect of environmental sensing across the spectrum of enteric endothelia, demonstrating that endothelial AHR signalling integrates dietary cues to maintain tissue homeostasis by promoting endothelial cell quiescence and vascular normalcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Wiggins
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK.
| | - Yi-Fang Wang
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Alice Burke
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Nil Grunberg
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Julia M Vlachaki Walker
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Marian Dore
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | | | - Betheney R Pennycook
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | | | - Santiago Vernia
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Alexis R Barr
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Gad Frankel
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Graeme M Birdsey
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna M Randi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Schiering
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK.
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Viola MF, Chavero-Pieres M, Modave E, Delfini M, Stakenborg N, Estévez MC, Fabre N, Appeltans I, Martens T, Vandereyken K, Theobald H, Van Herck J, Petry P, Verheijden S, De Schepper S, Sifrim A, Liu Z, Ginhoux F, Azhar M, Schlitzer A, Matteoli G, Kierdorf K, Prinz M, Berghe PV, Voet T, Boeckxstaens G. Dedicated macrophages organize and maintain the enteric nervous system. Nature 2023:10.1038/s41586-023-06200-7. [PMID: 37316669 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Correct development and maturation of the enteric nervous system (ENS) is critical for survival1. At birth, the ENS is immature and requires considerable refinement to exert its functions in adulthood2. Here we demonstrate that resident macrophages of the muscularis externa (MMϕ) refine the ENS early in life by pruning synapses and phagocytosing enteric neurons. Depletion of MMϕ before weaning disrupts this process and results in abnormal intestinal transit. After weaning, MMϕ continue to interact closely with the ENS and acquire a neurosupportive phenotype. The latter is instructed by transforming growth factor-β produced by the ENS; depletion of the ENS and disruption of transforming growth factor-β signalling result in a decrease in neuron-associated MMϕ associated with loss of enteric neurons and altered intestinal transit. These findings introduce a new reciprocal cell-cell communication responsible for maintenance of the ENS and indicate that the ENS, similarly to the brain, is shaped and maintained by a dedicated population of resident macrophages that adapts its phenotype and transcriptome to the timely needs of the ENS niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francesca Viola
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuro-Immune Interaction, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marta Chavero-Pieres
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuro-Immune Interaction, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elodie Modave
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuro-Immune Interaction, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcello Delfini
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuro-Immune Interaction, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Stakenborg
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuro-Immune Interaction, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Cuende Estévez
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuro-Immune Interaction, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Naomi Fabre
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuro-Immune Interaction, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iris Appeltans
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuro-Immune Interaction, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tobie Martens
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katy Vandereyken
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannah Theobald
- Quantitative Systems Biology, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Van Herck
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Petry
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Verheijden
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuro-Immune Interaction, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan De Schepper
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuro-Immune Interaction, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- UK Dementia Research Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alejandro Sifrim
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Multi-Omic Integrative Bioinformatics, Department of Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven AI Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zhaoyuan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology & Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohamad Azhar
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Andreas Schlitzer
- Quantitative Systems Biology, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gianluca Matteoli
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrin Kierdorf
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pieter Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thierry Voet
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Boeckxstaens
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuro-Immune Interaction, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Xie YY, Lu YW, Yu GR. The protective effects of hyperoside on Ang II-mediated apoptosis of bEnd.3 cells and injury of blood-brain barrier model in vitro. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:157. [PMID: 35698113 PMCID: PMC9195266 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hypertension and its associated dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are considered to contribute to cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Angiotensin II (Ang II), as an important vasoactive peptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), is not only a pivotal molecular signal in hypertension, but also causes BBB leakage, cSVD and its related cognitive impair. Hyperoside (Hyp), a flavone glycoside, has antioxidant, antiphlogistic and anti-apoptosis effects. In this study, we investigate the protection of Hyp on apoptosis of bEnd.3 cells and BBB disruption in vitro induced by Ang II.
Methods
We used bEnd.3 cells to imitate a BBB monolayer model and explored the protection of Hyp on Ang II-induced BBB leakage. The apoptotic activity was assessed by TUNEL staining and flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis pathway related proteins, tight junction proteins and transcytosis related proteins were detected by western blot assay. The BBB model permeability was detected through measuring the flux of sodium fluorescein (Na-F).
Results
We found that Hyp can not only effectively inhibit the apoptosis of bEnd.3 induced by Ang II, but also protect the structural soundness and functional integrity of BBB model by affecting the expression levels of junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A), Claudin-5, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2a (Mfsd2a).
Conclusion
Hyp might be a potent compound for preventing Ang II-induced BBB disruption.
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8
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Sun R, Gao Y, Shen F. Identification of subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma and screening of prognostic molecular diagnostic markers based on cell adhesion molecule related genes. Front Genet 2022; 13:1042540. [PMID: 36482887 PMCID: PMC9723242 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1042540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecules can predict liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) metastasis and determine prognosis, while the mechanism of the role of cell adhesion molecules in LIHC needs to be further explored. LIHC-related expression data were sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the gene expression omnibus (GEO) databases, and genes related to cell adhesion were sourced from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. First, the TCGA-LIHC dataset was clustered by the nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm to find different subtypes of LIHC. Then the difference of prognosis and immune microenvironment between patients of different subtypes was evaluated. In addition, a prognostic risk model was obtained by least shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Cox analysis, while a nomogram was drawn. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis between high and low risk groups was conducted. Finally, the expressions of model genes were explored by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The 371 LIHC patients were classified into four subtypes by NMF clustering, and survival analysis revealed that disease-free survival (DFS) of these four subtypes were clearly different. Cancer-related pathways and immune microenvironment among these four subtypes were dysregulated. Moreover, 58 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between four subtypes were identified and were mainly associated with PPAR signaling pathway and amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, a prognostic model consisting of IGSF11, CD8A, ALCAM, CLDN6, JAM2, ITGB7, SDC3, CNTNAP1, and MPZ was built. A nomogram consisting of pathologic T and riskScore was built, and the calibration curve illustrated that the nomogram could better forecast LIHC prognosis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) demonstrated that DEGs between high and low risk groups were mainly involved in cell cycle. Finally, the qRT-PCR illustrated the expressions of nine model genes between normal and LIHC tissue. A prognostic model consisting of IGSF11, CD8A, ALCAM, CLDN6, JAM2, ITGB7, SDC3, CNTNAP1, and MPZ was obtained, which provides an important reference for the molecular diagnosis of patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruge Sun
- College of Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatoloy, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanchao Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Fengjun Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatoloy, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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9
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Fournier AP, Zandee S, Charabati M, Peelen E, Tastet O, Alvarez JI, Kebir H, Bourbonnière L, Larouche S, Lahav B, Klement W, Tea F, Bouthillier A, Moumdjian R, Cayrol R, Duquette P, Girard M, Larochelle C, Arbour N, Prat A. CLMP Promotes Leukocyte Migration Across Brain Barriers in Multiple Sclerosis. NEUROLOGY - NEUROIMMUNOLOGY NEUROINFLAMMATION 2022; 9:9/6/e200022. [PMID: 36241608 PMCID: PMC9465835 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives In multiple sclerosis (MS), peripheral immune cells use various cell trafficking molecules to infiltrate the CNS where they cause damage.The objective of this study was to investigate the involvement of coxsackie and adenovirus receptor–like membrane protein (CLMP) in the migration of immune cells into the CNS of patients with MS. Methods Expression of CLMP was measured in primary cultures of human brain endothelial cells (HBECs) and human meningeal endothelial cells (HMECs), postmortem brain samples, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with MS and controls by RNA sequencing, quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. In vitro migration assays using HBECs and HMECs were performed to evaluate the function of CLMP. Results Using bulk RNA sequencing of primary cultures of human brain and meningeal endothelial cells (ECs), we have identified CLMP as a new potential cell trafficking molecule upregulated in inflammatory conditions. We first confirmed the upregulation of CLMP at the protein level on TNFα-activated and IFNγ-activated primary cultures of human brain and meningeal ECs. In autopsy brain specimens from patients with MS, we demonstrated an overexpression of endothelial CLMP in active MS lesions when compared with normal control brain tissue. Flow cytometry of human PBMCs demonstrated an increased frequency of CLMP+ B lymphocytes and monocytes in patients with MS, when compared with that in healthy controls. The use of a blocking antibody against CLMP reduced the migration of immune cells across the human brain and meningeal ECs in vitro. Finally, we found CLMP+ immune cell infiltrates in the perivascular area of parenchymal lesions and in the meninges of patients with MS. Discussion Collectively, our data demonstrate that CLMP is an adhesion molecule used by immune cells to access the CNS during neuroinflammatory disorders such as MS. CLMP could represent a target for a new treatment of neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Philippe Fournier
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephanie Zandee
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Charabati
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Evelyn Peelen
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivier Tastet
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jorge Ivan Alvarez
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hania Kebir
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lyne Bourbonnière
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sandra Larouche
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Boaz Lahav
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wendy Klement
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fiona Tea
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Bouthillier
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert Moumdjian
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Romain Cayrol
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Duquette
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Girard
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- From the Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., O.T., J.I.A., H.K., L.B., S.L., B., W.K., F.T., P.D., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM); Department of Neurosciences (A.P.F., S.Z., M.C., E.P., F.T., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Microbiology (H.K.), Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (B., P.D., M.G., C.L., N.A., M.D.,P.D.A.P.), Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM); Division of Neurosurgery (A.B., R.M.), Université de Montréal & CHUM; and Department of Pathology (R.C.), Université de Montréal & CHUM, Quebec, Canada.
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10
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Xu M, Jin P, Huang Y, Qian Y, Lin M, Zuo J, Zhu J, Li Z, Dong M. Case report: Prenatal diagnosis of fetal intracranial hemorrhage due to compound mutations in the JAM3 gene. Front Genet 2022; 13:1036231. [PMID: 36339007 PMCID: PMC9629614 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1036231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial hemorrhage is a common complication in preterm infants but occasionally occurs in fetuses. Disruptions of the genes, such as the COL4A1 and COL4A2 genes, are common genetic causes identified in fetal intracranial hemorrhage; however, the disruptions of the JAM3 gene are rarely reported. In the current investigation, fetal intracranial hemorrhage and dilated lateral ventricles were observed in three consecutive siblings in a pedigree. The pregnancies were terminated, and whole-exome sequencing, followed by Sanger sequencing, was performed on the affected fetuses. Pre-implantation genetic testing for monogenic diseases was performed to avoid the recurrence. The compound heterozygous variants of c.712 + 2T > A and c.813C > G p.Tyr271* in the JAM3 gene (NM_032801.4) were identified in the proband and its affected brother, which were predicted to be pathogenic. The variant of c.813C > G p.Tyr271* but not c.712 + 2T > A was identified in the fourth fetus, implying a good prognosis. Our findings expanded the spectrum of the pathogenic mutations in the JAM3 gene and revealed an important application of fetal whole-exome sequencing in idiopathic fetal intracranial hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Ningde, China
| | - Pengzhen Jin
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingzhi Huang
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeqing Qian
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miaochun Lin
- Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Ningde, China
| | - Juan Zuo
- Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Ningde, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Ningde, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Ningde, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaohui Li, ; Minyue Dong,
| | - Minyue Dong
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaohui Li, ; Minyue Dong,
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11
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Caetano MAF, Castelucci P. Role of short chain fatty acids in gut health and possible therapeutic approaches in inflammatory bowel diseases. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:9985-10003. [PMID: 36246826 PMCID: PMC9561599 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i28.9985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract and include Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease. These diseases are costly to health services, substantially reduce patients’ quality of life, and can lead to complications such as cancer and even death. Symptoms include abdominal pain, stool bleeding, diarrhea, and weight loss. The treatment of these diseases is symptomatic, seeking disease remission. The intestine is colonized by several microorganisms, such as fungi, viruses, and bacteria, which constitute the intestinal microbiota (IM). IM bacteria promotes dietary fibers fermentation and produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that exert several beneficial effects on intestinal health. SCFAs can bind to G protein-coupled receptors, such as GPR41 and GPR43, promoting improvements in the intestinal barrier, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Thus, SCFAs could be a therapeutic tool for IBDs. However, the mechanisms involved in these beneficial effects of SCFAs remain poorly understood. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a review addressing the main aspects of IBDs, and a more detailed sight of SCFAs, focusing on the main effects on different aspects of the intestine with an emphasis on IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Castelucci
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508900, SP, Brazil
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12
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Fan S, Boerner K, Muraleedharan CK, Nusrat A, Quiros M, Parkos CA. Epithelial JAM-A is fundamental for intestinal wound repair in vivo. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e158934. [PMID: 35943805 PMCID: PMC9536273 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is expressed in several cell types, including epithelial and endothelial cells, as well as some leukocytes. In intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), JAM-A localizes to cell junctions and plays a role in regulating barrier function. In vitro studies with model cell lines have shown that JAM-A contributes to IEC migration; however, in vivo studies investigating the role of JAM-A in cell migration-dependent processes such as mucosal wound repair have not been performed. In this study, we developed an inducible intestinal epithelial-specific JAM-A-knockdown mouse model (Jam-aERΔIEC). While acute induction of IEC-specific loss of JAM-A did not result in spontaneous colitis, such mice had significantly impaired mucosal healing after chemically induced colitis and after biopsy colonic wounding. In vitro primary cultures of JAM-A-deficient IEC demonstrated impaired migration in wound healing assays. Mechanistic studies revealed that JAM-A stabilizes formation of protein signaling complexes containing Rap1A/Talin/β1 integrin at focal adhesions of migrating IECs. Loss of JAM-A in primary IEC led to decreased Rap1A activity and protein levels of Talin and β1 integrin, and it led to a reduction in focal adhesion structures. These findings suggest that epithelial JAM-A plays a critical role in controlling mucosal repair in vivo through dynamic regulation of focal adhesions.
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13
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Bai Y, Lyu M, Fukunaga M, Watanabe S, Iwatani S, Miyanaga K, Yamamoto N. Lactobacillus johnsonii enhances the gut barrier integrity via the interaction between GAPDH and the mouse tight junction protein JAM-2. Food Funct 2022; 13:11021-11033. [PMID: 36069670 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00886f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Commensal intestinal microbiota interacts with gut epithelial cells in the host by binding to specific host receptors. Several pattern recognition receptors on the gut that sense conserved microbial-associated molecular patterns have been reported; however, many of the gut receptor molecules involved in bacterial binding have not yet been identified. In this study, commensal intestinal bacteria interacting with mouse gut surface proteins were screened from fecal bacterial samples, to identify novel receptors on the epithelial cells in the mouse gut. Among the screened intestinal lactic acid bacteria, the frequently isolated Lactobacillus johnsonii MG was used for the purification of gut receptor proteins. An approximately 30 kDa protein was purified using affinity resin coupled surface layer proteins isolated from L. johnsonii MG. The purified gut protein was identified as a member of the tight junction protein family, junctional adhesion molecule-2 (JAM-2). As expected, the tight junctions of Caco-2 cells damaged by H2O2 were repaired by incubation with L. johnsonii MG. RNA sequence analysis showed significant upregulation of the expression of genes for tight junctions, anti-inflammatory effects, transcriptional regulation, and apoptosis in Caco-2 cells, following L. johnsonii MG treatment. In L. johnsonii MG, the surface layer 40 kDa protein was purified with gut protein-coupled affinity resin and identified as the moonlighting protein glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). These results suggest that L. johnsonii MG promotes the barrier function integrity in Caco-2 cells via GAPDH-JAM-2 binding. Here, we propose a promising approach to identify novel gut receptor molecules based on commensal bacterial interactions and understand host-bacterial communication in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Bai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Mengying Lyu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Moe Fukunaga
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Shin Watanabe
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shun Iwatani
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan.,Tsukuba Biotechnology Research Center, 5-2-3, Tokodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2698, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Miyanaga
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan.,Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-Shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Yamamoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
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14
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Day-Walsh PE, Keeble B, Pirabagar G, Fountain SJ, Kroon PA. Transcriptional and Post-Translational Regulation of Junctional Adhesion Molecule-B (JAM-B) in Leukocytes under Inflammatory Stimuli. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158646. [PMID: 35955781 PMCID: PMC9369439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs; comprising JAM-A, -B and -C) act as receptors for viruses, mediate cell permeability, facilitate leukocyte migration during sterile and non-sterile inflammation and are important for the maintenance of epithelial barrier integrity. As such, they are implicated in the development of both communicable and non-communicable chronic diseases. Here, we investigated the expression and regulation of JAM-B in leukocytes under pathogen- and host-derived inflammatory stimuli using immunoassays, qPCR and pharmacological inhibitors of inflammatory signalling pathways. We show that JAM-B is expressed at both the mRNA and protein level in leukocytes. JAM-B protein is localised to the cytoplasm, Golgi apparatus and in the nucleus around ring-shaped structures. We also provide evidence that JAM-B nuclear localisation occurs via the classical importin-α/β pathway, which is likely mediated through JAM-B protein nuclear localisation signals (NLS) and export signals (NES). In addition, we provide evidence that under both pathogen- and host-derived inflammatory stimuli, JAM-B transcription is regulated via the NF-κB-dependent pathways, whereas at the post-translational level JAM-B is regulated by ubiquitin-proteosome pathways. Anaphase-promoting ubiquitin ligase complex (APC/C) and herpes simplex virus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease (HAUSP/USP) were identified as candidates for JAM-B ubiquitination and de-ubiquitination, respectively. The expression and regulation of JAM-B in leukocytes reported here is a novel observation and contrasts with previous reports. The data reported here suggest that JAM-B expression in leukocytes is under the control of common inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla E. Day-Walsh
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Food Innovation & Health Programme, Norwich Research Park, Rosalind Franklin Road, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (P.E.D.-W.); (B.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Bryony Keeble
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Food Innovation & Health Programme, Norwich Research Park, Rosalind Franklin Road, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (P.E.D.-W.); (B.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Gothai Pirabagar
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Food Innovation & Health Programme, Norwich Research Park, Rosalind Franklin Road, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (P.E.D.-W.); (B.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Samuel J. Fountain
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;
| | - Paul A. Kroon
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Food Innovation & Health Programme, Norwich Research Park, Rosalind Franklin Road, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (P.E.D.-W.); (B.K.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Klingensmith NJ, Fay KT, Swift DA, Bazzano JM, Lyons JD, Chen CW, Meng M, Ramonell KM, Liang Z, Burd EM, Parkos CA, Ford ML, Coopersmith CM. Junctional adhesion molecule-A deletion increases phagocytosis and improves survival in a murine model of sepsis. JCI Insight 2022; 7:156255. [PMID: 35819838 PMCID: PMC9462501 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the tight junction–associated protein junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is increased in sepsis, although the significance of this is unknown. Here, we show that septic JAM-A –/– mice have increased gut permeability, yet paradoxically have decreased bacteremia and systemic TNF and IL-1β expression. Survival is improved in JAM-A–/– mice. However, intestine-specific JAM-A–/– deletion does not alter mortality, suggesting that the mortality benefit conferred in mice lacking JAM-A is independent of the intestine. Septic JAM-A–/– mice have increased numbers of splenic CD44hiCD4+ T cells, decreased frequency of TNF+CD4+ cells, and elevated frequency of IL-2+CD4+ cells. Septic JAM-A–/– mice have increased numbers of B cells in mesenteric lymph nodes with elevated serum IgA and intraepithelial lymphocyte IgA production. JAM-A–/– × RAG–/– mice have improved survival compared with RAG–/– mice and identical mortality as WT mice. Gut neutrophil infiltration and neutrophil phagocytosis are increased in JAM-A–/– mice, while septic JAM-A–/– mice depleted of neutrophils lose their survival advantage. Therefore, increased bacterial clearance via neutrophils and an altered systemic inflammatory response with increased opsonizing IgA produced through the adaptive immune system results in improved survival in septic JAM-A–/– mice. JAM-A may be a therapeutic target in sepsis via immune mechanisms not related to its role in permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Klingensmith
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Katherine T Fay
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - David A Swift
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Julia Mr Bazzano
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory Univerisity School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - John D Lyons
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory Univerisity School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Ching-Wen Chen
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory Univerisity School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Mei Meng
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory Univerisity School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Kimberly M Ramonell
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory Univerisity School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Zhe Liang
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory Univerisity School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Eileen M Burd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Univerisity School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory Univerisity School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Craig M Coopersmith
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory Univerisity School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
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16
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Lansdell TA, Chambers LC, Dorrance AM. Endothelial Cells and the Cerebral Circulation. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3449-3508. [PMID: 35766836 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells form the innermost layer of all blood vessels and are the only vascular component that remains throughout all vascular segments. The cerebral vasculature has several unique properties not found in the peripheral circulation; this requires that the cerebral endothelium be considered as a unique entity. Cerebral endothelial cells perform several functions vital for brain health. The cerebral vasculature is responsible for protecting the brain from external threats carried in the blood. The endothelial cells are central to this requirement as they form the basis of the blood-brain barrier. The endothelium also regulates fibrinolysis, thrombosis, platelet activation, vascular permeability, metabolism, catabolism, inflammation, and white cell trafficking. Endothelial cells regulate the changes in vascular structure caused by angiogenesis and artery remodeling. Further, the endothelium contributes to vascular tone, allowing proper perfusion of the brain which has high energy demands and no energy stores. In this article, we discuss the basic anatomy and physiology of the cerebral endothelium. Where appropriate, we discuss the detrimental effects of high blood pressure on the cerebral endothelium and the contribution of cerebrovascular disease endothelial dysfunction and dementia. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3449-3508, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A Lansdell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Laura C Chambers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Anne M Dorrance
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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17
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Huang W, Wang BO, Hou Y, Fu Y, Cui S, Zhu J, Zhan X, Li R, Tang W, Wu J, Wang Z, Wang M, Wang X, Zhang Y, Liu M, Xie Y, Sun Y, Yi F. JAML promotes acute kidney injury mainly through a macrophage-dependent mechanism. JCI Insight 2022; 7:158571. [PMID: 35708906 PMCID: PMC9431718 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although macrophages are undoubtedly attractive therapeutic targets for acute kidney injury (AKI) because of their critical roles in renal inflammation and repair, the underlying mechanisms of macrophage phenotype switching and efferocytosis in the regulation of inflammatory responses during AKI are still largely unclear. The present study elucidated the role of junctional adhesion molecule–like protein (JAML) in the pathogenesis of AKI. We found that JAML was significantly upregulated in kidneys from 2 different murine AKI models including renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and cisplatin-induced AKI. By generation of bone marrow chimeric mice, macrophage-specific and tubular cell–specific Jaml conditional knockout mice, we demonstrated JAML promoted AKI mainly via a macrophage-dependent mechanism and found that JAML-mediated macrophage phenotype polarization and efferocytosis is one of the critical signal transduction pathways linking inflammatory responses to AKI. Mechanistically, the effects of JAML on the regulation of macrophages were, at least in part, associated with a macrophage-inducible C-type lectin–dependent mechanism. Collectively, our studies explore for the first time to our knowledge new biological functions of JAML in macrophages and conclude that JAML is an important mediator and biomarker of AKI. Pharmacological targeting of JAML-mediated signaling pathways at multiple levels may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bi-Ou Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunfeng Hou
- Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Sijia Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University., Jinan, China
| | - Jinghan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyu Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rongkun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jichao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yusheng Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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18
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Fan S, Smith MS, Keeney J, O’Leary MN, Nusrat A, Parkos CA. JAM-A signals through the Hippo pathway to regulate intestinal epithelial proliferation. iScience 2022; 25:104316. [PMID: 35602956 PMCID: PMC9114518 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
JAM-A is a tight-junction-associated protein that contributes to regulation of intestinal homeostasis. We report that JAM-A interacts with NF2 and LATS1, functioning as an initiator of the Hippo signaling pathway, well-known for regulation of proliferation. Consistent with these findings, we observed increased YAP activity in JAM-A-deficient intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). Furthermore, overexpression of a dimerization-deficient mutant, JAM-A-DL1, failed to initiate Hippo signaling, phenocopying JAM-A-deficient IEC, whereas overexpression of JAM-A-WT activated Hippo signaling and suppressed proliferation. Lastly, we identify EVI1, a transcription factor reported to promote cellular proliferation, as a contributor to the pro-proliferative phenotype in JAM-A-DL1 overexpressing IEC downstream of YAP. Collectively, our findings establish a new role for JAM-A as a cell-cell contact sensor, raising implications for understanding the contribution(s) of JAM-A to IEC proliferation in the mammalian epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Fan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michelle Sydney Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Justin Keeney
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Monique N. O’Leary
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Charles A. Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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19
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Koenen RR, Weber C. Jam-A Unleashed Incites Thromboinflammatory Coronary Artery Disease. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:462-464. [PMID: 35663635 PMCID: PMC9156524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rory R. Koenen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Weber
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
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20
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Noureddine N, Chalubinski M, Wawrzyniak P. The Role of Defective Epithelial Barriers in Allergic Lung Disease and Asthma Development. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:487-504. [PMID: 35463205 PMCID: PMC9030405 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s324080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium constitutes the physical barrier between the human body and the environment, thus providing functional and immunological protection. It is often exposed to allergens, microbial substances, pathogens, pollutants, and environmental toxins, which lead to dysregulation of the epithelial barrier and result in the chronic inflammation seen in allergic diseases and asthma. This epithelial barrier dysfunction results from the disturbed tight junction formation, which are multi-protein subunits that promote cell-cell adhesion and barrier integrity. The increasing interest and evidence of the role of impaired epithelial barrier function in allergy and asthma highlight the need for innovative approaches that can provide new knowledge in this area. Here, we review and discuss the current role and mechanism of epithelial barrier dysfunction in developing allergic diseases and the effect of current allergy therapies on epithelial barrier restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazek Noureddine
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maciej Chalubinski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Wawrzyniak
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Wang J, Liu H. The Roles of Junctional Adhesion Molecules (JAMs) in Cell Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:843671. [PMID: 35356274 PMCID: PMC8959349 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.843671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The review briefly summarizes the role of the family of adhesion molecules, JAMs (junctional adhesion molecules), in various cell migration, covering germ cells, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, several leukocytes, and different cancer cells. These functions affect multiple diseases, including reproductive diseases, inflammation-related diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. JAMs bind to both similar and dissimilar proteins and take both similar and dissimilar effects on different cells. Concluding relevant results provides a reference to further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Wang
- Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Han Liu,
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22
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Amatruda M, Chapouly C, Woo V, Safavi F, Zhang J, Dai D, Therattil A, Moon C, Villavicencio J, Gordon A, Parkos C, Horng S. Astrocytic junctional adhesion molecule-A regulates T cell entry past the glia limitans to promote central nervous system autoimmune attack. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac044. [PMID: 35265839 PMCID: PMC8899531 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact-mediated interactions between the astrocytic endfeet and infiltrating immune cells within the perivascular space are underexplored, yet represent potential regulatory check-points against CNS autoimmune disease and disability. Reactive astrocytes upregulate junctional adhesion molecule-A, an immunoglobulin-like cell surface receptor that binds to T cells via its ligand, the integrin, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1. Here, we tested the role of astrocytic junctional adhesion molecule-A in regulating CNS autoinflammatory disease. In cell co-cultures, we found that junctional adhesion molecule-A-mediated signalling between astrocytes and T cells increases levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2, C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, pro-inflammatory factors driving lymphocyte entry and pathogenicity in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of CNS autoimmune disease. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, mice with astrocyte-specific JAM-A deletion (mGFAP:CreJAM-Afl/fl) exhibit decreased levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2, reduced ability of T cells to infiltrate the CNS parenchyma from the perivascular spaces and a milder histopathological and clinical course of disease compared with wild-type controls (JAM-Afl/fl). Treatment of wild-type mice with intraperitoneal injection of soluble junctional adhesion molecule-A blocking peptide decreases the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, highlighting the potential of contact-mediated astrocyte–immune cell signalling as a novel translational target against neuroinflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Viola Woo
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Farinaz Safavi
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joy Zhang
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - David Dai
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Chang Moon
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jorge Villavicencio
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Gordon
- Miller School of Medicine at University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Charles Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sam Horng
- Correspondence to: Sam Horng, MD, PhD Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Icahn 10-20A, 1468 Madison Avenue New York NY, 10029, USA E-mail:
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23
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Shaikhnia F, Ghasempour G, Mohammadi A, Shabani M, Najafi M. miR-27a inhibits molecular adhesion between monocytes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells; systemic approach. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:31. [PMID: 35144666 PMCID: PMC8830077 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-05920-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The endothelial cells overexpress the adhesion molecules in the leukocyte diapedesis pathway, developing vessel subendothelial molecular events. In this study, miR-194 and miR-27a were predicted and investigated on the expression of adhesion molecules in HUVEC cells. The SELE, SELP, and JAM-B adhesion molecules involved in the leukocyte tethering were predicted on the GO-enriched gene network. Following transfection of PEI-miRNA particles into HUVEC cells, the SELE, SELP, and JAM-B gene expression levels were evaluated by real-time qPCR. Furthermore, the monocyte-endothelial adhesion was performed using adhesion assay kit. RESULTS In agreement with the prediction results, the cellular data showed that miR-27a and miR-194 decrease significantly the SELP and JAM-B expression levels in HUVECs (P < 0.05). Moreover, both the miRNAs suppressed the monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Since the miR-27a inhibited significantly the monocyte-endothelial adhesion (P = 0.0001) through the suppression of SELP and JAM-B thus it might relate to the leukocyte diapedesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Shaikhnia
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghasempour
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Mohammadi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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24
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Resveratrol ameliorates diabetic kidney injury by reducing lipotoxicity and modulates expression of components of the junctional adhesion molecule-like/sirtuin 1 lipid metabolism pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 918:174776. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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25
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Peng Y, Li H, Fu Y, Guo S, Qu C, Zhang Y, Zong B, Liu S. JAM2 predicts a good prognosis and inhibits invasion and migration by suppressing EMT pathway in breast cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 103:108430. [PMID: 34923424 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Large-scale epidemiological surveys have shown that patients with Down syndrome, which is caused by a chromosomal abnormality (an extra chromosome 21), are significantly less likely to develop solid tumors, including breast cancer, than those without. This feature has prompted the search for oncogenes located on chromosome 21. Junctional adhesion molecule 2 (JAM2), which is located on chromosome 21, is expressed at low levels in breast cancer and is associated with a good prognosis. These findings strongly suggest that JAM2 may be a potential oncogene suppressor in breast cancer. However, the role and function of JAM2 in breast cancer are not yet clear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the biological functions and mechanisms of JAM2 in breast cancer. METHODS Several databases were used to explore JAM2 expression in breast cancer and to analyze its diagnostic and prognostic value in breast cancer. Changes in relevant markers were examined at the gene and protein levels using RT-qPCR and Western blot techniques, in addition, cell migration and invasion abilities were identified by scratch assays and transwell assays. Untargeted metabolomics, transcriptome sequencing and Luminex liquid suspension chip detection were performed in combination to study the mechanisms. RESULTS JAM2 is expressed at low levels in breast cancer, and patients with high JAM2 expression have a good prognosis, indicating that JAM2 has good clinical diagnostic and prognostic value. Overexpression of JAM2 can block the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells, and the mechanism may be that JAM2 inhibits the EMT pathway. Finally, combined multiomics analysis revealed that JAM2 may affect the immune microenvironment of breast cancer by influencing the secretion of CXCL9/10 from tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Peng
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yong Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Dianjiang People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 408300, China
| | - Shipeng Guo
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chi Qu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Beige Zong
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shengchun Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Chuang DJ, Pethaperumal S, Siwakoti B, Chien HJ, Cheng CF, Hung SC, Lien TS, Sun DS, Chang HH. Activating Transcription Factor 3 Protects against Restraint Stress-Induced Gastrointestinal Injury in Mice. Cells 2021; 10:3530. [PMID: 34944038 PMCID: PMC8700235 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress increases the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) tract diseases, which involve bidirectional communication of the GI and nerves systems. Acute stress leads to GI ulcers; however, the mechanism of the native cellular protection pathway, which safeguards tissue integrality and maintains GI homeostasis, remains to be investigated. In a mouse model of this study, restraint stress induced GI leakage, abnormal tight junction protein expression, and cell death of gut epithelial cells. The expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a stress-responsive transcription factor, is upregulated in the GI tissues of stressed animals. ATF3-deficient mice displayed an exacerbated phenotype of GI injuries. These results suggested that, in response to stress, ATF3 is part of the native cellular protective pathway in the GI system, which could be a molecular target for managing psychological stress-induced GI tract diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun-Jie Chuang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (D.-J.C.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (T.-S.L.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Subhashree Pethaperumal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (D.-J.C.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (T.-S.L.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Bijaya Siwakoti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (D.-J.C.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (T.-S.L.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Hung-Jen Chien
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Che Hung
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Te-Sheng Lien
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (D.-J.C.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (T.-S.L.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Der-Shan Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (D.-J.C.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (T.-S.L.); (D.-S.S.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (D.-J.C.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (T.-S.L.); (D.-S.S.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
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27
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Mccole DF. ZOning in on Novel Roles for Zonula Occludens Proteins in Epithelial Repair. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1797-1800. [PMID: 34582898 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Declan F Mccole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California.
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28
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Manzini R, Schwarzfischer M, Bircher A, Niechcial A, Vavricka SR, Atrott K, Lang S, Scharl M, Spalinger MR. Energy Drink Administration Ameliorates Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Defects and Reduces Acute DSS Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:1139-1152. [PMID: 33501991 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rise in the prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases in the past decades coincides with changes in nutritional habits, such as adaptation of a Western diet. However, it is largely unknown how certain nutritional habits, such as energy drink consumption, affect intestinal inflammation. Here, we assessed the effect of energy drink supplementation on the development of intestinal inflammation in vitro and in vivo. METHODS HT-29 and T84 intestinal epithelial cells and THP-1 monocytic cells were treated with IFNγ in presence or absence of different concentrations of an energy drink. Colitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by addition of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to drinking water with or without supplementation of the energy drink. RESULTS Energy drink supplementation caused a dose-dependent decrease in IFNγ-induced epithelial barrier permeability, which was accompanied by upregulation of the pore-forming protein claudin-2. Administration of the energy drink reduced secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α from HT-29, T84, and THP-1 cells. In vivo, energy drink administration reduced clinical symptoms of DSS-induced colitis and epithelial barrier permeability. Endoscopic and histologic colitis scores and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly reduced by energy drink co-administration. CONCLUSION Energy drink consumption seems to exert an unexpected anti-inflammatory effect in vitro and in vivo in our experimental setting. However, our experimental approach focuses on intestinal inflammation and neglects additional effects of energy drink consumption on the body (eg, on metabolism or sleep). Therefore, the translation of our findings into the human situation must be taken with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Manzini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marlene Schwarzfischer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Bircher
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Niechcial
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan R Vavricka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrated Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne R Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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Raghavan S, Kenchappa DB, Leo MD. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Induces Degradation of Junctional Proteins That Maintain Endothelial Barrier Integrity. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:687783. [PMID: 34179146 PMCID: PMC8225996 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.687783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) uses the Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor present on the cell surface to enter cells. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 is present in many cell types including endothelial cells, where it functions to protect against oxidative damage. There is growing evidence to suggest that coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients exhibit a wide range of post-recovery symptoms and shows signs related to cardiovascular and specifically, endothelial damage. We hypothesized that these vascular symptoms might be associated with disrupted endothelial barrier integrity. This was investigated in vitro using endothelial cell culture and recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 Receptor-Binding Domain (Spike). Mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells from normal (C57BL/6 mice) and diabetic (db/db) mice were used. An endothelial transwell permeability assay revealed increased permeability in diabetic cells as well as after Spike treatment. The expression of VE-Cadherin, an endothelial adherens junction protein, JAM-A, a tight junctional protein, Connexin-43, a gap junctional protein, and PECAM-1, were all decreased significantly after Spike treatment in control and to a greater extent, in diabetic cells. In control cells, Spike treatment increased association of endothelial junctional proteins with Rab5a, a mediator of the endocytic trafficking compartment. In cerebral arteries isolated from control and diabetic animals, Spike protein had a greater effect in downregulating expression of endothelial junctional proteins in arteries from diabetic animals than from control animals. In conclusion, these experiments reveal that Spike-induced degradation of endothelial junctional proteins affects endothelial barrier function and is the likely cause of vascular damage observed in COVID-19 affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Dennis Leo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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30
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Rossin D, Barbosa-Pereira L, Iaia N, Sottero B, Danzero AC, Poli G, Zeppa G, Biasi F. Protective Effect of Cocoa Bean Shell against Intestinal Damage: An Example of Byproduct Valorization. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020280. [PMID: 33673085 PMCID: PMC7918452 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocoa bean shell (CBS), a main byproduct of cocoa processing, represents a source of components such as polyphenols and methylxanthines, which have been associated with a reduced risk of several diseases. Therefore, CBS has potential application as a food ingredient. Intestinal mucosa is exposed to immune and inflammatory responses triggered by dietary agents, such as oxysterols, which derive from cholesterol oxidation and are pro-oxidant compounds able to affect intestinal function. We aimed at investigating the capability of the Forastero cultivar CBS, added or not added to ice cream, to protect against the intestinal barrier damage induced by a dietary oxysterol mixture. METHODS Composition and antioxidant capacity of in vitro digested CBS and CBS-enriched ice cream were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical-scavenging assay, respectively. CaCo-2 cells differentiated into enterocyte-like monolayer were incubated with 60 µM oxysterol mixture in the presence of CBS formulations. RESULTS The oxysterol mixture induced tight junction impairment, interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 cell release, and oxidative stress-related nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 response Nrf2. Both CBSs protected cells from these adverse effects, probably thanks to their high phenolic content. CBS-enriched ice cream showed the highest antioxidant capacity. Theobromine, which is in high concentrations of CBS, was also tested. Although theobromine exerted no effect on Nrf2 expression, its anti-inflammatory cooperating activity in CBS effect cannot be excluded. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that CBS-enriched ice cream may be effective in the prevention of gut integrity damage associated with oxidative/inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rossin
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (D.R.); (N.I.); (B.S.); (A.C.D.); (G.P.)
| | - Letricia Barbosa-Pereira
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Noemi Iaia
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (D.R.); (N.I.); (B.S.); (A.C.D.); (G.P.)
| | - Barbara Sottero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (D.R.); (N.I.); (B.S.); (A.C.D.); (G.P.)
| | - Alice Costanza Danzero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (D.R.); (N.I.); (B.S.); (A.C.D.); (G.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Poli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (D.R.); (N.I.); (B.S.); (A.C.D.); (G.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Zeppa
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
| | - Fiorella Biasi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (D.R.); (N.I.); (B.S.); (A.C.D.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-5420
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Identification of prognosis-related genes in the tumor microenvironment of stomach adenocarcinoma by TCGA and GEO datasets. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:226576. [PMID: 33015704 PMCID: PMC7560520 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) development, progression, prognosis and immunotherapeutic responses. How the genes in TME interact and behave is extremely crucial for tumor investigation. In the present study, we used gene expression data of STAD available from TCGA and GEO datasets to infer tumor purity using ESTIMATE algorithms, and predicted the associations between tumor purity and clinical features and clinical outcomes. Next, we calculated the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the comparisons of immune and stromal scores, and postulated key biological processes and pathways that the DEGs mainly involved in. Then, we analyzed the prognostic values of DEGs in TCGA dataset, and validated the results by GEO dataset. Finally, we used CIBERSORT computational algorithm to estimate the 22 tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) subsets in STAD tissues. We found that stromal and immune scores were significantly correlated with STAD subtypes, clinical stages, Helicobacter polyri infection, and stromal scores could predict the clinical outcomes in STAD patients. Moreover, we screened 307 common DEGs in TCGA and GSE51105 datasets. In the prognosis analyses, we only found OGN, JAM2, RERG, OLFML2B, and ADAMTS1 genes were significantly associated with overall survival in TCGA and GSE84437 datasets, and these genes were correlated with the fractions of T cells, B cells, macrophages, monocytes, NK cells and DC cells, respectively. Our comprehensive analyses for transcriptional data not only improved the understanding of characteristics of TME, but also provided the targets for individual therapy in STAD.
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Hartmann C, Schwietzer YA, Otani T, Furuse M, Ebnet K. Physiological functions of junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs) in tight junctions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Lauko A, Mu Z, Gutmann DH, Naik UP, Lathia JD. Junctional Adhesion Molecules in Cancer: A Paradigm for the Diverse Functions of Cell-Cell Interactions in Tumor Progression. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4878-4885. [PMID: 32816855 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tight junction (TJ) proteins are essential for mediating interactions between adjacent cells and coordinating cellular and organ responses. Initial investigations into TJ proteins and junctional adhesion molecules (JAM) in cancer suggested a tumor-suppressive role where decreased expression led to increased metastasis. However, recent studies of the JAM family members JAM-A and JAM-C have expanded the roles of these proteins to include protumorigenic functions, including inhibition of apoptosis and promotion of proliferation, cancer stem cell biology, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. JAM function by interacting with other proteins through three distinct molecular mechanisms: direct cell-cell interaction on adjacent cells, stabilization of adjacent cell surface receptors on the same cell, and interactions between JAM and cell surface receptors expressed on adjacent cells. Collectively, these diverse interactions contribute to both the pro- and antitumorigenic functions of JAM. In this review, we discuss these context-dependent functions of JAM in a variety of cancers and highlight key areas that remain poorly understood, including their potentially diverse intracellular signaling networks, their roles in the tumor microenvironment, and the consequences of posttranslational modifications on their function. These studies have implications in furthering our understanding of JAM in cancer and provide a paradigm for exploring additional roles of TJ proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Lauko
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Zhaomei Mu
- Cardeza Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David H Gutmann
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ulhas P Naik
- Cardeza Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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Nii T, Jirapat J, Isobe N, Yoshimura Y. Effects of Oral Administration of Lactobacillus reuteri on Mucosal Barrier Function in the Digestive Tract of Broiler Chicks. J Poult Sci 2020; 57:67-76. [PMID: 32174767 PMCID: PMC7063073 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0190035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria are known for their beneficial effects on the intestinal immune function of the host animal. However, their effects on mucosal barrier function in chicks are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus reuteri (LR), on the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier function of broiler chicks. One day-old male broiler chicks were orally injected water (300 µL) with or without 1 × 108 cfu of LR (5 mg FINELACT, Asahi Calpis Wellness Co. Ltd.) every morning for 7 days (day 0 to 6). The crop, duodenum, ileum, and cecum were collected on day 7 and were used for histological analysis and RNA extraction. Then, the thickness of the mucosal structures and the number of goblet cells in the digestive tract were assessed using histological analysis. The expression of Mucin 2, factors related to the formation of tight junctions (Claudin1, 5, and 16, ZO2, and JAM2), cytokines (IL-6, CXCLi2, and IL-10), and avian β-defensin 10 (AvBDs) (AvBD2, 10, and 12) in the crop, duodenum, ileum, and cecum were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results showed that oral administration of LR increased ileal villus height and crypt depth, decreased Claudin16 level in the crop and increased JAM2 level in the crop and ileum, and decreased the expression of AvBD10 in the ileum and cecum and that of AvBD12 in the crop. It did not affect goblet cell number and Mucin 2 expression. These results suggested that LR used in this study may enhance mucosal barrier function by regulating tight junctions in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nii
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- Research Center for Animal Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jirapat Jirapat
- Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naoki Isobe
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- Research Center for Animal Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukinori Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- Research Center for Animal Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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35
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Bouwens E, van den Berg VJ, Akkerhuis KM, Baart SJ, Caliskan K, Brugts JJ, Mouthaan H, van Ramshorst J, Germans T, Umans VAWM, Boersma E, Kardys I. Circulating Biomarkers of Cell Adhesion Predict Clinical Outcome in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E195. [PMID: 31936828 PMCID: PMC7020068 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular inflammation and vascular endothelial dysfunction are involved in chronic heart failure (CHF), and cellular adhesion molecules are considered to play a key role in these mechanisms. We evaluated temporal patterns of 12 blood biomarkers of cell adhesion in patients with CHF. In 263 ambulant patients, serial, tri-monthly blood samples were collected during a median follow-up of 2.2 (1.4-2.5) years. The primary endpoint (PE) was a composite of cardiovascular mortality, HF hospitalization, heart transplantation and implantation of a left ventricular assist device and was reached in 70 patients. We selected the baseline blood samples in all patients, the two samples closest to a PE, or, for event-free patients, the last sample available. In these 567 samples, associations between biomarkers and PE were investigated by joint modelling. The median age was 68 (59-76) years, with 72% men and 74% New York Heart Association class I-II. Repeatedly measured levels of Complement component C1q receptor (C1qR), Cadherin 5 (CDH5), Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), Ephrin type-B receptor 4 (EPHB4), Intercellular adhesion molecule-2 (ICAM-2) and Junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A) were independently associated with the PE. Their rates of change also predicted clinical outcome. Level of CHI3L1 was numerically the strongest predictor with a hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval) of 2.27 (1.66-3.16) per SD difference in level, followed by JAM-A (2.10, 1.42-3.23) and C1qR (1.90, 1.36-2.72), adjusted for clinical characteristics. In conclusion, temporal patterns of C1qR, CDH5, CHI3L1, EPHB4, ICAM2 and JAM-A are strongly and independently associated with clinical outcome in CHF patients.
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Yang Y, Zheng H, Zhan Y, Fan S. An emerging tumor invasion mechanism about the collective cell migration. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:5301-5312. [PMID: 31632511 PMCID: PMC6789225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, the metastasis has been detected in the late stage of the cancer, which mostly leads to death. The classical opinion about tumor metastasis is that tumor cell migration begins with the single tumor cell and goes through a series of complicated procedures, and lastly arrives and survives at distant tissues and organs. However, emerging studies have found a new migration mechanism called collective cell migration in many cancers. The collective cell migration could move as clusters with the tight cell-cell junction in the tumor microenvironments, toward the traction established by the leader cells. In addition, the collective cell migration has been shown to have higher invasive capacity and higher resistance to the clinical treatments than the single tumor cell migration. Interestingly, the collective clusters of tumor cells have been detected in the early stage of the cancer patient, which has led to the understanding of the significance of early cancer screenings. Here, we reviewed the major principles and guidance of the collective cell migration mechanisms, and the specific manifestations in the different tumors such as breast cancer and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuting Zhan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
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He W, Wang Y, Wang P, Wang F. Intestinal barrier dysfunction in severe burn injury. BURNS & TRAUMA 2019; 7:24. [PMID: 31372365 PMCID: PMC6659221 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-019-0162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe burn injury is often accompanied by intestinal barrier dysfunction, which is closely associated with post-burn shock, bacterial translocation, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, hypercatabolism, sepsis, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and other complications. The intestinal epithelium forms a physical barrier that separates the intestinal lumen from the internal milieu, in which the tight junction plays a principal role. It has been well documented that after severe burn injury, many factors such as stress, ischemia/hypoxia, proinflammatory cytokines, and endotoxins can induce intestinal barrier dysfunction via multiple signaling pathways. Recent advances have provided new insights into the mechanisms and the therapeutic strategies of intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction associated with severe burn injury. In this review, we will describe the current knowledge of the mechanisms involved in intestinal barrier dysfunction in response to severe burn injury and the emerging therapies for treating intestinal barrier dysfunction following severe burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Fengjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
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Luissint AC, Williams HC, Kim W, Flemming S, Azcutia V, Hilgarth RS, Leary MNO, Denning TL, Nusrat A, Parkos CA. Macrophage-dependent neutrophil recruitment is impaired under conditions of increased intestinal permeability in JAM-A-deficient mice. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:668-678. [PMID: 30745566 PMCID: PMC6543824 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on leukocytes, endothelia, and epithelia that regulates biological processes including barrier function and immune responses. While JAM-A has been reported to facilitate tissue infiltration of leukocytes under inflammatory conditions, the contributions of leukocyte-expressed JAM-A in vivo remain unresolved. We investigated the role of leukocyte-expressed JAM-A in acute peritonitis induced by zymosan, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or TNFα using mice with selective loss of JAM-A in myelomonocytic cells (LysM-Cre;Jam-afl/fl). Surprisingly, in LysM-Cre;Jam-afl/fl mice, loss of JAM-A did not affect neutrophil (PMN) recruitment into the peritoneum in response to zymosan, LPS, or TNFα although it was significantly reduced in Jam-aKO mice. In parallel, Jam-aKO peritoneal macrophages exhibited diminished CXCL1 chemokine production and decreased activation of NF-kB, whereas those from LysM-Cre;Jam-afl/fl mice were unaffected. Using Villin-Cre;Jam-afl/fl mice, targeted loss of JAM-A on intestinal epithelial cells resulted in increased intestinal permeability along with reduced peritoneal PMN migration as well as lower levels of CXCL1 and active NF-kB similar to that observed in Jam-aKO animals. Interestingly, in germ-free Villin-Cre;Jam-afl/fl mice, PMN recruitment was unaffected suggesting dependence on gut microbiota. Such observations highlight the functional link between a leaky gut and regulation of innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holly C Williams
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wooki Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Sven Flemming
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Veronica Azcutia
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Timothy L Denning
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Ashraf MU, Jeong Y, Roh SE, Bae YS. Transendothelial migration (TEM) of in vitro generated dendritic cell vaccine in cancer immunotherapy. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:582-590. [PMID: 30937843 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01145-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many efforts have been made to improve the efficacy of dendritic cell (DC) vaccines in DC-based cancer immunotherapy. One of these efforts is to deliver a DC vaccine more efficiently to the regional lymph nodes (rLNs) to induce stronger anti-tumor immunity. Together with chemotaxis, transendothelial migration (TEM) is believed to be a critical and indispensable step for DC vaccine migration to the rLNs after administration. However, the mechanism underlying the in vitro-generated DC TEM in DC-based cancer immunotherapy has been largely unknown. Currently, junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs) were found to play an important role in the TEM of in vitro generated DC vaccines. This paper reviews the TEM of DC vaccines and TEM-associated JAM molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umer Ashraf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science Research Center (SRC) for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organ (CIRNO), Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, South Korea
| | - Yideul Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science Research Center (SRC) for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organ (CIRNO), Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, South Korea
| | - Seung-Eon Roh
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yong-Soo Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science Research Center (SRC) for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organ (CIRNO), Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, South Korea. .,Department of Biological Science, Research Complex Bldg 1, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, South Korea.
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40
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Zeisel MB, Dhawan P, Baumert TF. Tight junction proteins in gastrointestinal and liver disease. Gut 2019; 68:547-561. [PMID: 30297438 PMCID: PMC6453741 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades a growing body of evidence has demonstrated an important role of tight junction (TJ) proteins in the physiology and disease biology of GI and liver disease. On one side, TJ proteins exert their functional role as integral proteins of TJs in forming barriers in the gut and the liver. Furthermore, TJ proteins can also be expressed outside TJs where they play important functional roles in signalling, trafficking and regulation of gene expression. A hallmark of TJ proteins in disease biology is their functional role in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. A causative role of TJ proteins has been established in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and gastric cancer. Among the best characterised roles of TJ proteins in liver disease biology is their function as cell entry receptors for HCV-one of the most common causes of hepatocellular carcinoma. At the same time TJ proteins are emerging as targets for novel therapeutic approaches for GI and liver disease. Here we review our current knowledge of the role of TJ proteins in the pathogenesis of GI and liver disease biology and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam B. Zeisel
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL), Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
| | - Thomas F. Baumert
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle hépato-digestif, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
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41
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Fan S, Weight CM, Luissint AC, Hilgarth RS, Brazil JC, Ettel M, Nusrat A, Parkos CA. Role of JAM-A tyrosine phosphorylation in epithelial barrier dysfunction during intestinal inflammation. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:566-578. [PMID: 30625033 PMCID: PMC6589701 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-08-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A), an epithelial tight junction protein, plays an important role in regulating intestinal permeability through association with a scaffold signaling complex containing ZO-2, Afadin, and the small GTPase Rap2. Under inflammatory conditions, we report that the cytoplasmic tail of JAM-A is tyrosine phosphorylated (p-Y280) in association with loss of barrier function. While barely detectable Y280 phosphorylation was observed in confluent monolayers of human intestinal epithelial cells under basal conditions, exposure to cytokines TNFα, IFNγ, IL-22, or IL-17A, resulted in compromised barrier function in parallel with increased p-Y280. Phosphorylation was Src kinase dependent, and we identified Yes-1 and PTPN13 as a major kinase and phosphatase for p-JAM-A Y280, respectively. Moreover, cytokines IL-22 or IL-17A induced increased activity of Yes-1. Furthermore, the Src kinase inhibitor PP2 rescued cytokine-induced epithelial barrier defects and inhibited phosphorylation of JAM-A Y280 in vitro. Phosphorylation of JAM-A Y280 and increased permeability correlated with reduced JAM-A association with active Rap2. Finally, we observed increased phosphorylation of Y280 in colonic epithelium of individuals with ulcerative colitis and in mice with experimentally induced colitis. These findings support a novel mechanism by which tyrosine phosphorylation of JAM-A Y280 regulates epithelial barrier function during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Fan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Caroline M Weight
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Roland S Hilgarth
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jennifer C Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Mark Ettel
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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42
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Flemming S, Luissint AC, Nusrat A, Parkos CA. Analysis of leukocyte transepithelial migration using an in vivo murine colonic loop model. JCI Insight 2018; 3:99722. [PMID: 30333307 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms that control leukocyte migration across the vascular endothelium (transendothelial migration; TEndoM) have been extensively characterized in vivo, but details of leukocyte transepithelial migration (TEpM) and its dysregulation (a pathologic feature of many mucosal diseases) are missing due to the lack of suitable animal models. Here, we describe a murine model that utilizes a vascularized proximal colonic segment (pcLoop) and enables quantitative studies of leukocyte trafficking across colonic epithelium. Consistent with previous in vitro studies, intraluminal injection of antibodies against integrin CD11b/CD18 reduced recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) into the lumen of pcLoops, and it increased subepithelial accumulation of PMN. We extended studies using the pcLoop to determine contributions of Junctional Adhesion Molecule-A (JAM-A, or F11R) in PMN TEpM and confirmed that mice with total loss of JAM-A or mice with intestinal epithelial selective loss of JAM-A had increased colonic permeability. Furthermore, there was reduced PMN migration into the colonic lumen that paralleled subepithelial accumulation of PMN in global-KO mice, as well as in intestinal epithelial-targeted JAM-A-deficient mice. These findings highlight a potentially novel role for JAM-A in regulating PMN TEpM in vivo and demonstrate utility of this model for identifying receptors that may be targeted in vivo to reduce pathologic intestinal inflammation.
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Abstract
The pulmonary endothelial cell forms a critical semi-permeable barrier between the vascular and interstitial space. As part of the blood-gas barrier in the lung, the endothelium plays a key role in normal physiologic function and pathologic disease. Changes in endothelial cell shape, defined by its plasma membrane, determine barrier integrity. A number of key cytoskeletal regulatory and effector proteins including non-muscle myosin light chain kinase, cortactin, and Arp 2/3 mediate actin rearrangements to form cortical and membrane associated structures in response to barrier enhancing stimuli. These actin formations support and interact with junctional complexes and exert forces to protrude the lipid membrane to and close gaps between individual cells. The current knowledge of these cytoskeletal processes and regulatory proteins are the subject of this review. In addition, we explore novel advancements in cellular imaging that are poised to shed light on the complex nature of pulmonary endothelial permeability.
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Naydenov NG, Joshi S, Feygin A, Saini S, Litovchick L, Ivanov AI. A membrane fusion protein, Ykt6, regulates epithelial cell migration via microRNA-mediated suppression of Junctional Adhesion Molecule A. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1812-1831. [PMID: 30010460 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1496755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicle trafficking regulates epithelial cell migration by remodeling matrix adhesions and delivering signaling molecules to the migrating leading edge. Membrane fusion, which is driven by soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor associated receptor (SNARE) proteins, is an essential step of vesicle trafficking. Mammalian SNAREs represent a large group of proteins, but few have been implicated in the regulation of cell migration. Ykt6 is a unique SNARE existing in equilibrium between active membrane-bound and inactive cytoplasmic pools, and mediating vesicle trafficking between different intracellular compartments. The biological functions of this protein remain poorly understood. In the present study, we found that Ykt6 acts as a negative regulator of migration and invasion of human prostate epithelial cells. Furthermore, Ykt6 regulates the integrity of epithelial adherens and tight junctions. The observed anti-migratory activity of Ykt6 is mediated by a unique mechanism involving the expressional upregulation of microRNA 145, which selectively decreases the cellular level of Junctional Adhesion Molecule (JAM) A. This decreased JAM-A expression limits the activity of Rap1 and Rac1 small GTPases, thereby attenuating cell spreading and motility. The described novel functions of Ykt6 could be essential for the regulation of epithelial barriers, epithelial repair, and metastatic dissemination of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayden G Naydenov
- a Department of Inflammation and Immunity , Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , OH , USA.,b Department of Human and Molecular Genetics , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Supriya Joshi
- b Department of Human and Molecular Genetics , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Alex Feygin
- b Department of Human and Molecular Genetics , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Siddharth Saini
- c Department of Internal Medicine , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Larisa Litovchick
- c Department of Internal Medicine , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Andrei I Ivanov
- a Department of Inflammation and Immunity , Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , OH , USA.,b Department of Human and Molecular Genetics , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
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45
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Chopyk DM, Kumar P, Raeman R, Liu Y, Smith T, Anania FA. Dysregulation of junctional adhesion molecule-A contributes to ethanol-induced barrier disruption in intestinal epithelial cell monolayers. Physiol Rep 2018; 5. [PMID: 29208693 PMCID: PMC5727288 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption promotes loss of intestinal barrier function. However, mechanisms by which ethanol affects the tight junction (TJ), the cellular structure responsible for maintaining the gut epithelial barrier, are not well understood. Three classes of transmembrane proteins comprise TJs: occludin, claudins, and junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs). It has recently been postulated that JAM‐A (F11R), the most abundant JAM expressed in intestinal epithelium, regulates “leak” pathway flux, a paracellular route for the nonselective permeation of large solutes. Since transluminal flux of many gut‐derived antigens occurs through this pathway, we investigated the role of JAM‐A in ethanol‐induced disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Using Caco‐2 and SK‐CO15 monolayers, we found that ethanol induced a dose‐ and time‐dependent decrease in JAM‐A protein expression to about 70% of baseline levels. Alcohol also reduced Ras‐related protein 2 (Rap2) activity, and enhanced myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) activity, changes consistent with impaired JAM‐A signaling. Stable overexpression and shRNA‐mediated knockdown of JAM‐A were employed to investigate the role of JAM‐A in paracellular‐mediated flux following alcohol exposure. The paracellular flux of 40‐kDa fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC)‐dextran following ethanol treatment was decreased by the overexpression of JAM‐A; conversely, flux was enhanced by JAM‐A knockdown. Thus, we conclude that ethanol‐mediated control of JAM‐A expression and function contributes to mechanisms by which this chemical induces intestinal epithelial leakiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Chopyk
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Reben Raeman
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yunshan Liu
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tekla Smith
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Frank A Anania
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Garcia MA, Nelson WJ, Chavez N. Cell-Cell Junctions Organize Structural and Signaling Networks. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:a029181. [PMID: 28600395 PMCID: PMC5773398 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell junctions link cells to each other in tissues, and regulate tissue homeostasis in critical cell processes that include tissue barrier function, cell proliferation, and migration. Defects in cell-cell junctions give rise to a wide range of tissue abnormalities that disrupt homeostasis and are common in genetic abnormalities and cancers. Here, we discuss the organization and function of cell-cell junctions primarily involved in adhesion (tight junction, adherens junction, and desmosomes) in two different epithelial tissues: a simple epithelium (intestine) and a stratified epithelium (epidermis). Studies in these tissues reveal similarities and differences in the organization and functions of different cell-cell junctions that meet the requirements for the specialized functions of each tissue. We discuss cell-cell junction responses to genetic and environmental perturbations that provide further insights into their roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Garcia
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - W James Nelson
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Natalie Chavez
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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Kummer D, Ebnet K. Junctional Adhesion Molecules (JAMs): The JAM-Integrin Connection. Cells 2018; 7:cells7040025. [PMID: 29587442 PMCID: PMC5946102 DOI: 10.3390/cells7040025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs) are cell surface adhesion receptors of the immunoglobulin superfamily. JAMs are involved in a variety of biological processes both in the adult organism but also during development. These include processes such as inflammation, angiogenesis, hemostasis, or epithelial barrier formation, but also developmental processes such as hematopoiesis, germ cell development, and development of the nervous system. Several of these functions of JAMs depend on a physical and functional interaction with integrins. The JAM – integrin interactions in trans regulate cell-cell adhesion, their interactions in cis regulate signaling processes originating at the cell surface. The JAM – integrin interaction can regulate the function of the JAM as well as the function of the integrin. Beyond the physical interaction with integrins, JAMs can regulate integrin function through intracellular signaling indicating an additional level of JAM – integrin cross-talk. In this review, we describe the various levels of the functional interplay between JAMs and integrins and the role of this interplay during different physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kummer
- Institute-Associated Research Group: Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-Associated Research Group: Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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48
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Wang YH, Zhang YG. Amyloid and immune homeostasis. Immunobiology 2018; 223:288-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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49
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Van Itallie CM, Anderson JM. Phosphorylation of tight junction transmembrane proteins: Many sites, much to do. Tissue Barriers 2017; 6:e1382671. [PMID: 29083946 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2017.1382671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation is a dynamic post-translational modification that can alter protein structure, localization, protein-protein interactions and stability. All of the identified tight junction transmembrane proteins can be multiply phosphorylated, but only in a few cases are the consequences of phosphorylation at specific sites well characterized. The goal of this review is to highlight some of the best understood examples of phosphorylation changes in the integral membrane tight junction proteins in the context of more general overview of the effects of phosphorylation throughout the proteome. We expect as that structural information for the tight junction proteins becomes more widely available and the molecular modeling algorithms improve, so will our understanding of the relevance of phosphorylation changes at single and multiple sites in tight junction proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Van Itallie
- a National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - James M Anderson
- a National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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50
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Ebnet K. Junctional Adhesion Molecules (JAMs): Cell Adhesion Receptors With Pleiotropic Functions in Cell Physiology and Development. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1529-1554. [PMID: 28931565 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecules (JAM)-A, -B and -C are cell-cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily which are expressed by a variety of tissues, both during development and in the adult organism. Through their extracellular domains, they interact with other adhesion receptors on opposing cells. Through their cytoplasmic domains, they interact with PDZ domain-containing scaffolding and signaling proteins. In combination, these two properties regulate the assembly of signaling complexes at specific sites of cell-cell adhesion. The multitude of molecular interactions has enabled JAMs to adopt distinct cellular functions such as the regulation of cell-cell contact formation, cell migration, or mitotic spindle orientation. Not surprisingly, JAMs regulate diverse processes such as epithelial and endothelial barrier formation, hemostasis, angiogenesis, hematopoiesis, germ cell development, and the development of the central and peripheral nervous system. This review summarizes the recent progress in the understanding of JAMs, including their characteristic structural features, their molecular interactions, their cellular functions, and their contribution to a multitude of processes during vertebrate development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), and Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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