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Reeve C, Smith KA, Morin A, Bzonek PA, Cooke SJ, Brownscombe JW. Using heart rate and acceleration biologgers to estimate winter activity costs in free-swimming largemouth bass. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024:111708. [PMID: 39059617 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Winter is a critical period for largemouth bass (Micropterus nigricans) with winter severity and duration limiting their population growth at northern latitudes. Unfortunately, we have an incomplete understanding of their winter behaviour and energy use in the wild. More winter-focused research is needed to better understand their annual energy budget, improve bioenergetics models, and establish baselines to assess the impacts of climate warming; however, winter research is challenging due to ice cover. Implantable tags show promise for winter-focused research as they can be deployed prior to ice formation. Here, using swim tunnel respirometry, we calibrated heart rate and acceleration biologgers to enable estimations of metabolic rate (ṀO2) and swimming speed in free-swimming largemouth bass across a range of winter-relevant temperatures. In addition, we assessed their aerobic and swim performance. Calculated group thermal sensitivities of most performance metrics indicated the passive physicochemical effects of temperature, suggesting little compensation in the cold; however, resting metabolic rate and critical swimming speed showed partial compensation. We found strong relationships between acceleration and swimming speed, as well as between ṀO2 and heart rate, acceleration, or swimming speed. Jackknife validations indicated that these modeled relationships accurately estimate swimming speed and ṀO2 from biologger recordings. However, there were relatively few reliable heart rate recordings to model the ṀO2 relationship. Recordings of heart rate were high-quality during holding but dropped during experimentation, potentially due to interference from aerobic muscles during swimming. The models informed by acceleration or swimming speed appear to be best suited for field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Reeve
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Kurtis A Smith
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Andre Morin
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Paul A Bzonek
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Jacob W Brownscombe
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
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2
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Yousaf Z, Hussain SM, Ali S, Sarker PK, Al-Ghanim KA. Recuperative Effects of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) in Catla catla After Sub-Lethal Exposure to Lead. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04213-5. [PMID: 38698173 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
This research was conducted to validate the beneficial effects of incorporating dietary cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) powder (CzP) in alleviating lead (Pb) poisoning in fish. Healthy Catla catla individuals (16.36 ± 0.19 g/fish) were distributed across 18 tanks in triplicate groups. The experimental groups were as follows: Control group: fish without supplementation or exposure to Pb; positive control group: fish without supplementation but exposed to 1 mg/L Pb; 5 g/kg CzP along with 1 mg/L Pb exposure; 10 g/kg CzP along with 1 mg/L Pb exposure; 15 g/kg CzP along with 1 mg/L Pb exposure; and 20 g/kg CzP along with 1 mg/L Pb exposure. The trial continued for a period of 60 days. Waterborne Pb had a deleterious effect on fish growth performance, body composition, blood profile, and digestive enzyme activity, along with elevated Pb accumulation in various tissues. Conversely, consumption of cinnamon effectively mitigated the toxic potential of Pb and enhanced fish longevity. Notably, 10 g/kg CzP boosted growth, improved carcass quality, reversed blood indices, restored enzyme function in the gut, and mitigated Pb accumulation in tissues. In summary, the findings revealed that incorporating 10 g/kg of CzP as a dietary supplement in C. catla aquaculture could effectively counteract heavy metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Yousaf
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Makhdoom Hussain
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan.
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Pallab K Sarker
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Khalid A Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Ghilardi M, Salter MA, Parravicini V, Ferse SCA, Rixen T, Wild C, Birkicht M, Perry CT, Berry A, Wilson RW, Mouillot D, Bejarano S. Temperature, species identity and morphological traits predict carbonate excretion and mineralogy in tropical reef fishes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:985. [PMID: 36813767 PMCID: PMC9947118 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic pressures are restructuring coral reefs globally. Sound predictions of the expected changes in key reef functions require adequate knowledge of their drivers. Here we investigate the determinants of a poorly-studied yet relevant biogeochemical function sustained by marine bony fishes: the excretion of intestinal carbonates. Compiling carbonate excretion rates and mineralogical composition from 382 individual coral reef fishes (85 species and 35 families), we identify the environmental factors and fish traits that predict them. We find that body mass and relative intestinal length (RIL) are the strongest predictors of carbonate excretion. Larger fishes and those with longer intestines excrete disproportionately less carbonate per unit mass than smaller fishes and those with shorter intestines. The mineralogical composition of excreted carbonates is highly conserved within families, but also controlled by RIL and temperature. These results fundamentally advance our understanding of the role of fishes in inorganic carbon cycling and how this contribution will change as community composition shifts under increasing anthropogenic pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Ghilardi
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany. .,Department of Marine Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße UFT, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | | | - Valeriano Parravicini
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, University of Perpignan, 66860, Perpignan, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Sebastian C A Ferse
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,Department of Marine Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße UFT, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Tim Rixen
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christian Wild
- Department of Marine Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße UFT, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Matthias Birkicht
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Chris T Perry
- Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Alex Berry
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Rod W Wilson
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - David Mouillot
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Sonia Bejarano
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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Almeida J, Lopes AR, Ribeiro L, Castanho S, Candeias-Mendes A, Pousão-Ferreira P, Faria AM. Effects of exposure to elevated temperature and different food levels on the escape response and metabolism of early life stages of white seabream, Diplodus sargus. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 10:coac023. [PMID: 35586725 PMCID: PMC9109722 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent literature suggests that anthropogenic stressors can disrupt ecologically relevant behaviours in fish, such as the ability to escape from predators. Disruption of these behaviours at critical life history transitions, such as the transition from the pelagic environment to the juvenile/adult habitat, may have even greater repercussions. The literature suggests that an increase in temperature can affect fish escape response, as well as metabolism; however, few studies have focused on the acute sensitivity responses and the potential for acclimation through developmental plasticity. Here, we aimed at evaluating the acute and long-term effects of exposure to warming conditions on the escape response and routine metabolic rate (RMR) of early life stages of the white seabream, Diplodus sargus. Additionally, as food availability may modulate the response to warming, we further tested the effects of long-term exposure to high temperature and food shortage, as individual and interacting drivers, on escape response and RMR. Temperature treatments were adjusted to ambient temperature (19°C) and a high temperature (22°C). Feeding treatments were established as high ration and low ration (50% of high ration). Escape response and RMR were measured after the high temperature was reached (acute exposure) and after 4 weeks (prolonged exposure). Acute warming had a significant effect on escape response and generated an upward trend in RMR. In the long term, however, there seems to be an acclimation of the escape response and RMR. Food shortage, interacting with high temperature, led to an increase in latency response and a significant reduction in RMR. The current study provides relevant experimental data on fishes' behavioural and physiological responses to the combined effects of multiple stressors. This knowledge can be incorporated in recruitment models, thereby contributing to fine-tuning of models required for fisheries management and species conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Almeida
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA, Instituto Universitário, 1149-041, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Lopes
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA, Instituto Universitário, 1149-041, Lisbon, Portugal
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 8700-194, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Laura Ribeiro
- Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere - IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station, 1749-016, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Sara Castanho
- Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere - IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station, 1749-016, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Ana Candeias-Mendes
- Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere - IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station, 1749-016, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere - IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station, 1749-016, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Ana M Faria
- Corresponding author: MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA, Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal. Tel: + 351 218 811 700. E-mail:
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5
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Zhou W, Krogdahl Å, Sæle Ø, Chikwati E, Løkka G, Kortner TM. Digestive and immune functions in the intestine of wild Ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 260:111011. [PMID: 34174428 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to profile key characteristics of intestinal functions and health in wild-caught Ballan wrasse. To describe functional variation along the intestine, samples were collected from four intestinal segments, named from the proximal to the distal segment: IN1, IN2, IN3 and IN4. The sections showed quite similar structure, i.e. regarding mucosal fold height and branching, lamina propria and submucosal width and cellular composition and thickness of the muscle layers. Leucine aminopeptidase and maltase capacity decreased from IN1 to IN4, suggesting a predominant role of IN1 in digestion. Gene expression levels of vitamin C transporter (slc23a1) and fatty acid transporters (cd36 and fabp2) were higher in IN1 than in IN4, indicating a more important role of the proximal intestine regarding transport of vitamins and fatty acids. Higher expression of the gene coding for IgM heavy chain constant region (ighm) was found in IN4 than in IN1, suggesting an important immune function of the distal intestine. Other immune related genes il1b, il6, cd40, showed similar expression in the proximal and the distal part of the intestine. Parasite infection, especially the myxozoan parasite Enteromyxum leei, coincided with infiltration of lymphocytic and eosinophilic granular cells in the submucosa and lamina propria. The present study established reference information necessary for interpretation of results of studies of intestinal functions and health in cultured Ballan wrasse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Zhou
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Åshild Krogdahl
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Øystein Sæle
- Feed and Nutrition, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Elvis Chikwati
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Guro Løkka
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Trond M Kortner
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
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6
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Wilson SM, Robinson KA, Gutzmann S, Moore JW, Patterson DA. Limits on performance and survival of juvenile sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka) during food deprivation: a laboratory-based study. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coab014. [PMID: 33815801 PMCID: PMC8009553 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Long-distance migrations can be energetically demanding and can represent phases of high mortality. Understanding relationships between body condition and migratory performance can help illuminate the challenges and vulnerabilities of migratory species. Juvenile anadromous sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) may migrate over 1000 km from their freshwater nursery habitats to estuary and ocean feeding grounds. During the period corresponding to the seaward migration of sockeye salmon, we held smolts in the laboratory to ask the following: (i) Does non-feeding migration duration influence prolonged swim performance and survival? (ii) What are the relationships between individual body condition and swim performance and survival? Wild sockeye salmon were intercepted during their migration and held without food for up to 61 days to represent the non-feeding freshwater migration and the extremes of poor estuary habitat. We conducted 40 sets of prolonged swim trials on 319 fish from 3 treatment groups that represented entrance to the marine environment on (i) an average,(ii) a delayed and (iii) a severely delayed migration schedule. Experimentally controlled freshwater migration duration did not impact swim performance or survival. Swim performance decreased concomitant with condition factor, where smolts with a Fulton's condition factor of <0.69 were less likely (<50% probability) to complete the swim test (90 min swim test, at ~0.50 m/s). Survival of salmon smolts in the laboratory was less likely at energy densities of less than 3.47 MJ/kg. Swim performance decreased much sooner than survival, suggesting that swim performance, and therefore condition factor, may be a good indicator of survival of migratory smolts, as fish with reduced swim performance will likely be predated. These two relationships, one more ecologically relevant and one more clinical, help reveal the limits of long-distance migration for juvenile salmon and can be used to determine population-specific starvation risk associated with various freshwater and marine habitat conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Wilson
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Kendra A Robinson
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Cooperative Resource Management Institute, School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Sarah Gutzmann
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jonathan W Moore
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - David A Patterson
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Cooperative Resource Management Institute, School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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7
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Lim LS, Tan SY, Tuzan AD, Kawamura G, Mustafa S, Rahmah S, Liew HJ. Diel osmorespiration rhythms of juvenile marble goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1621-1629. [PMID: 32430644 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00817-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxyeleotris marmorata is an ambush predator. It is known for slow growth rate and high market demand. Farming of O. marmorata still remains a challenge. In order to establish a proper feeding practice to stimulate growth, knowledge of its metabolic processes and cost should be examined. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the diel osmorespiration rhythms of O. marmorata in response to feeding challenge by using an osmorespirometry assay. The results have shown that oxygen consumption rate of the fed fish was approximately 3 times higher than that of the unfed fish in early evening to support specific dynamic action. Digestion and ingestion processes were likely to be completed within 18-20 h in parallel with the ammonia excretion noticeable in early morning. Under resting metabolism, metabolic oxygen consumption was influenced by diel phase, but no effect was noted in ammonia excretion. As a nocturnal species, O. marmorata exhibited standard aerobic metabolic mode under dark phase followed by light phase, with high oxygen consumption rate found in either fed or unfed fish. It can be confirmed that both the diel phase and feeding have a significant interactive impact on oxygen consumption rate, whereas ammonia metabolism is impacted by feeding state. High metabolic rate of O. marmorata supports the nocturnal foraging activity in this fish. This finding suggested that feeding of O. marmorata should be performed during nighttime and water renewal should be conducted during daytime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leong-Seng Lim
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Sin-Ying Tan
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Audrey Daning Tuzan
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Gunzo Kawamura
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Saleem Mustafa
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Rahmah
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hon Jung Liew
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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8
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Elvidge CK, Cooke SJ. Predation risk mediates cognitive constraints following physical exertion in schoolmaster snapper. Physiol Behav 2020; 214:112767. [PMID: 31816275 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A large body of literature suggests that physically exhausted fish, including those that are released following fisheries interactions, experience behavioural and cognitive constraints and are at elevated risk of predation during homeostatic recovery. However, previous studies have focused on exhausted fish subsequently encountering predators, and not on fish that had been exposed to elevated predation risk prior to exhaustive exercise. Here, we exercised individual schoolmaster snapper (Lutjanus apodus) for 0, 1, or 4 min via hand chases following exposure to conspecific chemical alarm cues or seawater controls. The snapper were then introduced into one end of a rectangular arena supplied with mangrove prop roots as a refuge at the opposite end. Snapper exposed to the seawater control treatment demonstrated graded responses in mean times to move one body length and latency to enter the refuge, with unchased fish taking the least time and fish chased for 4 mins taking the longest. Amongst the snapper pre-exposed to alarm cues, the graded response did not occur and mean responses did not differ between chase treatments. Consistent with increased antipredator vigilance, alarm cue-exposed snapper were more likely to subsequently exit the refuge and to do so more times than fish exposed to seawater controls, independent of chase time. These observations suggest that perception of elevated predation risk may induce a conditional response offseting the behavioural and cognitive constraints associated with physical exhaustion through an unknown physiological mechanism to prioritize immediate survival-oriented behaviours over recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris K Elvidge
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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Zhang X, Ferrante M, Wan F, Yang N, Lövei GL. The Parasitoid Eretmocerus hayati Is Compatible with Barrier Cropping to Decrease Whitefly ( Bemisia tabaci MED) Densities on Cotton in China. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11010057. [PMID: 31963471 PMCID: PMC7022622 DOI: 10.3390/insects11010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) cryptic species Mediterranean (MED), is a destructive insect pest worldwide. In order to contribute to controlling B. tabaci by non-chemical methods, we examined the possibility of using a combination of trap/barrier crops and a parasitoid natural enemy in cotton. We performed field experiments using cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) as trap crops and maize (Zea mays) as a barrier crop combined with periodic releases of the parasitoid Eretmocerus hayati in Hebei Province, Northern China. All treatments significantly reduced immature whitefly densities. Parasitism rate was significantly higher in cotton plots intercropped with sunflower and with perimeter-planted cantaloupe. Adult whitefly density was negatively related to parasitoid abundance and was significantly lower in cotton plots intercropped with maize than in the control plots. Intercropping was more effective than perimeter-planting at reducing B. tabaci densities and increasing yield. Parasitoid dispersal was not hampered by barrier crops, indicating that the two methods of control are compatible. These results contribute to the development of integrated pest management methods against this important pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.Z.); (F.W.)
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Marco Ferrante
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben Gurion IL-8499000, Israel;
- CE3C–Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, PT-9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Fanghao Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.Z.); (F.W.)
| | - Nianwan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.Z.); (F.W.)
- Correspondence: (N.Y.); (G.L.L.); Tel.: +45-8715-8224 (G.L.L.)
| | - Gábor L. Lövei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.Z.); (F.W.)
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg Research Centre, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
- Correspondence: (N.Y.); (G.L.L.); Tel.: +45-8715-8224 (G.L.L.)
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10
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De Boeck G, Wood CM, Brix KV, Sinha AK, Matey V, Johannsson OE, Bianchini A, Bianchini LF, Maina JN, Kavembe GD, Papah MB, Kisipan ML, Ojoo RO. Fasting in the ureotelic Lake Magadi tilapia, Alcolapia grahami, does not reduce its high metabolic demand, increasing its vulnerability to siltation events. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 7:coz060. [PMID: 31687141 PMCID: PMC6822538 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coz060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lake Magadi, Kenya, is one of the most extreme aquatic environments on Earth (pH~10, anoxic to hyperoxic, high temperatures). Recently, increased water demand and siltation have threatened the viable hot springs near the margins of the lake where Alcolapia grahami, the only fish surviving in the lake, live. These Lake Magadi tilapia largely depend on nitrogen-rich cyanobacteria for food and are 100% ureotelic. Their exceptionally high aerobic metabolic rate, together with their emaciated appearance, suggests that they are energy-limited. Therefore, we hypothesized that during food deprivation, Magadi tilapia would economize their energy expenditure and reduce metabolic rate, aerobic performance and urea-N excretion. Surprisingly, during a 5-day fasting period, routine metabolic rates increased and swimming performance (critical swimming speed) was not affected. Urea-N excretion remained stable despite the lack of their N-rich food source. Their nitrogen use switched to endogenous sources as liver and muscle protein levels decreased after a 5-day fast, indicating proteolysis. Additionally, fish relied on carbohydrates with lowered muscle glycogen levels, but there were no signs indicating use of lipid stores. Gene expression of gill and gut urea transporters were transiently reduced as were gill rhesus glycoprotein Rhbg and Rhcg-2. The reduction in gill glutamine synthetase expression concomitant with the reduction in Rh glycoprotein gene expression indicates reduced nitrogen/ammonia metabolism, most likely decreased protein synthesis. Additionally, fish showed reduced plasma total CO2, osmolality and Na+ (but not Cl-) levels, possibly related to reduced drinking rates and metabolic acidosis. Our work shows that Lake Magadi tilapia have the capacity to survive short periods of starvation which could occur when siltation linked to flash floods covers their main food source, but their seemingly hardwired high metabolic rates would compromise long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun De Boeck
- SPHERE, Department of Biology, Groenenborgerlaan 171, University of Antwerp, Antwerp B-2020, Belgium
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, Riverside Drive, Chiromo Campus, PO Box 30197-00100, Nairobi 30197, Kenya
| | - Chris M Wood
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, Riverside Drive, Chiromo Campus, PO Box 30197-00100, Nairobi 30197, Kenya
| | - Kevin V Brix
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
- EcoTox, 3211 19th Terrace, Miami, FL 33145, USA
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, Riverside Drive, Chiromo Campus, PO Box 30197-00100, Nairobi 30197, Kenya
| | - Amit K Sinha
- SPHERE, Department of Biology, Groenenborgerlaan 171, University of Antwerp, Antwerp B-2020, Belgium
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Arkansas, 1200 North Univ Dr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
| | - Victoria Matey
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Ora E Johannsson
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, Riverside Drive, Chiromo Campus, PO Box 30197-00100, Nairobi 30197, Kenya
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Ave Italia Km 8, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, Riverside Drive, Chiromo Campus, PO Box 30197-00100, Nairobi 30197, Kenya
| | - Lucas F Bianchini
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Ave Italia Km 8, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, Riverside Drive, Chiromo Campus, PO Box 30197-00100, Nairobi 30197, Kenya
| | - John N Maina
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524 Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, Riverside Drive, Chiromo Campus, PO Box 30197-00100, Nairobi 30197, Kenya
| | - Geraldine D Kavembe
- School of Dryland Agriculture Science and Technology, South Eastern Kenya University, PO Box 170, Kitui 90200, Kenya
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, Riverside Drive, Chiromo Campus, PO Box 30197-00100, Nairobi 30197, Kenya
| | - Michael B Papah
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, 531 S. College Ave., Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, Riverside Drive, Chiromo Campus, PO Box 30197-00100, Nairobi 30197, Kenya
| | - Mosiany L Kisipan
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, Egerton University, Njoro Campus PO Box 536, Egerton 20115, Kenya
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, Riverside Drive, Chiromo Campus, PO Box 30197-00100, Nairobi 30197, Kenya
| | - Rodi O Ojoo
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, Riverside Drive, Chiromo Campus, PO Box 30197-00100, Nairobi 30197, Kenya
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11
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Lin CY, Huang LH, Deng DF, Lee SH, Liang HJ, Hung SSO. Metabolic adaptation to feed restriction on the green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) fingerlings. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 684:78-88. [PMID: 31150878 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Food restriction may cause severe biological effects on wildlife and lead to population decline and extinction. The objective of the current study was to examine the metabolic effects on green sturgeon in response to feed restriction. Green sturgeon fingerlings were fed for two weeks at 12.5, 25, 50 and 100% of the optimum feeding rate (OFR), which corresponded to 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00% body weight per day. We characterized the changes in hydrophilic and hydrophobic metabolites from extracts of muscle, liver, and kidney using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy followed by multivariate statistical analysis. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) score plots from the analyses of hydrophilic metabolites showed that they exhibited a greater response to feed restriction than hydrophobic metabolites. In general, the hydrophilic metabolites in tissues from fish fed ≦25% of the OFR were separated from those fed 100% of the OFR in the PCA score plots. Among the three types of tissues examined, the overall metabolite changes showed a greater response to feed restriction in kidney tissue than in liver or muscle tissues. Numerous glucogenic amino acids in muscle and most amino acids in the kidney were decreased under feed restriction conditions. A significant decrease in ketone bodies (3-hydroxyisobutyrate) was observed in the muscle. Most fatty acids except for glycerol, phospholipid and cholesterol in the liver and kidney tissues were decreased under feed restriction conditions. Creatine phosphate, taurine and glycine were also significantly increased in tissues under feed restriction conditions. In conclusion, this study suggests that the manipulation of feed restriction under the current conditions perturbed metabolites related to energy metabolism, osmolality regulation, and antioxidation capacity in the sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yu Lin
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Lu-Hsueh Huang
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Dong-Fang Deng
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA
| | - Sheng-Han Lee
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hao-Jan Liang
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Silas S O Hung
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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12
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Keiling TD, Suski CD. Food deprived largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) are inactive and stressed, but do not show changes in lure inspections. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 238:110556. [PMID: 31446065 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Coping style traits, including physiology and behavior, can be used to predict if fish are vulnerable to capture by hook-and-line angling. Typically, fish with proactive coping styles are selectively captured, but effects of environmental influences, such as food availability, on the completion of each step leading to a successful angling capture (i.e., activity rates, encountering a lure, lure inspection, lure-striking, and ingestion) have not been quantified. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the effects among activity behavior, stress (cortisol) responsiveness, and food availability on lure inspection behaviors of largemouth bass. No relationships were found between activity, stress responsiveness, and food availability to determine lure inspections. However, food deprivation decreased activity rates and increased baseline cortisol concentrations of largemouth bass. Additionally, after feeding treatments, fish with low baseline cortisol concentrations were more likely to inspect lures in both the fed and food deprived treatments. Results further discuss the implications of study findings to help fisheries managers predict the evolutionary impacts of angling.
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13
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Pomposini A, Blubaugh J, Boyce RC, Gauthier DT. Leech (Myzobdella lugubris) infestations in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in Back Bay, Virginia, USA. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:739-749. [PMID: 30972838 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Back Bay is an oligohaline, coastal bay in southeast Virginia, USA. Since 2004, leeches have been observed in the oral cavities of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in this body of water. Leeches (Myzobdella lugubris) have previously been documented in the oral cavities of largemouth bass in the Currituck Sound, which is confluent with Back Bay on its southern border. Supplemental stocking of largemouth bass in Back Bay since 2009 has resulted in an increasing population; however, concern exists that leech infestation may be negatively affecting health of larger fish, which are still less abundant than expected. Despite the wide distribution of this leech, there is little available literature regarding its health impacts on hosts. In this study, we examine potential impacts of oral leech infestations on stress markers and haematological parameters of largemouth bass in Back Bay. No significant changes in plasma glucose or cortisol were observed between leech-infested and uninfested fish, and haematological parameters were not significantly different between the groups. Further, there was no evidence of systemic infections associated with leech infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Pomposini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Jonathan Blubaugh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Robert Chad Boyce
- Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Chesapeake, Virginia
| | - David T Gauthier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
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14
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Bermejo-Poza R, Fernández-Muela M, De la Fuente J, Pérez C, de Chavarri EG, Díaz MT, Torrent F, Villarroel M. Physio-metabolic response of rainbow trout during prolonged food deprivation before slaughter. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:253-265. [PMID: 30140961 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fish normally undergo periods of food deprivation that are longer than non-hibernating mammals. In aquacultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), it is unclear how fasting may affect their physiological adaptative response, especially when they are normally fed daily. In addition, that response may vary with temperature, making it necessary to express fasting duration in terms of degree days. In the current study, trout were fasted for 5, 10, and 20 days (55, 107, and 200 degree days (°C d), respectively). To assess the physiological response of fish to fasting, different biometric, blood, plasma, and metabolic parameters were measured, as well as liver fatty acid composition. The fish weight, condition factor, and the hepato-somatic index of 5-day fasted trout were not significantly different from those of control fish. Gastric pH increased as fasting progressed while plasma concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, and total proteins decreased significantly after 10 days of fasting, while the percentage of non-esterified fatty acids increased. There were no significant differences in plasma ions (sodium, potassium, and calcium), except for chloride ion which decreased after 5 days of fasting. Liver glycogen decreased after 5 days of fasting while glycogen concentration in muscle did not decrease until 20 days of fasting. Liver color presented a higher chroma after 5 days of fasting, suggesting a mobilization of reserves. Finally, acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain was not affected by food deprivation but increased after 10 days of fasting in liver and muscle, suggesting the mobilization of body reserves, but without severely affecting basal metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Bermejo-Poza
- Department of Animal Production, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Fernández-Muela
- Department of Animal Production, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús De la Fuente
- Department of Animal Production, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Pérez
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabet González de Chavarri
- Department of Animal Production, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Díaz
- Department of Food Technology, INIA, Ctra. La Coruña, Km 7500, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Torrent
- Department of Forestry and Fisheries, College of Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Morris Villarroel
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Aimon C, Le Bayon N, Le Floch S, Claireaux G. Food deprivation reduces social interest in the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb.190553. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.190553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Periods of food deprivation up to several months are common features for fishes and in such conditions, fitness will be determined by their capacity to maximize food encounter while minimizing predation risk. In this context, the propensity to take risk and the willingness to associate with conspecifics are particularly important as they contribute to alleviating the trade-off between predation avoidance and foraging efficiency. This study examined to what extent food deprivation modulates fish risk-taking and social behaviours, as well as the relationship between them. To address these issues juvenile European sea bass were either fed daily with a maintenance ration or food-deprived during 3 weeks. Risk-taking and sociability were assessed through measurements of fish willingness to explore a novel environment, to interact with a novel object or a conspecific. Multivariate analysis allowed the identification of three behaviours, risk-taking, exploratory activity and solitariness. Food-deprived fish interacted less with conspecifics than control fish. After food-deprivation, no difference in terms of risk-taking and exploratory patterns was observed. Finally, the relationship between risky-taking and solitariness was influenced by the feeding status. When food-deprived fish with higher propensity to take risk displayed increased solitariness while, when fed normally they interacted more with conspecifics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandre Aimon
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France
- CEDRE, Research Department, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, Brest 29218-Cedex 2, France
| | - Nicolas Le Bayon
- Ifremer, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Stéphane Le Floch
- CEDRE, Research Department, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, Brest 29218-Cedex 2, France
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France
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16
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Tucker EK, Suski CD, Philipp MA, Jeffrey JD, Hasler CT. Glucocorticoid and behavioral variation in relation to carbon dioxide avoidance across two experiments in freshwater teleost fishes. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1842-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Hamed HS, Abdel-Tawwab M. Ameliorative effect of propolis supplementation on alleviating bisphenol-A toxicity: Growth performance, biochemical variables, and oxidative stress biomarkers of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) fingerlings. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 202:63-69. [PMID: 28802889 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is one of the important pollutants in aquatic ecosystems and its detrimental effect on fish has a great concern. Propolis is a natural immune-stimulant that has various biological and pharmacological activities. Thus, its capability to alleviate the toxic effect of BPA on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) performance was assessed in a study based on a 2×2 factorial design with two levels of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) and two waterborne BPA concentrations in triplicates. Fish (33.9±0.55g) were exposed to 0.0 or 1.64μgBPA/L for 6weeks during which fish were fed on diets containing 0.0 or 9.0gEEP/kg diet. Fish performance, biochemical variables, and oxidative stress enzymes were significantly affected by propolis supplementation, BPA exposure, and their interaction. Propolis supplementation significantly improved fish growth and feed intake, which were significantly retarded by BPA exposure. Additionally, total protein, albumin, globulin, and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) decreased significantly. Meanwhile aspartate transferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine, and uric acid increased significantly with exposure to BPA. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities increased significantly due to BPA exposure, whereas significant reductions in the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were also recorded compared to the control fish. It is noticed that EEP co-administration ameliorated these parameters. The present results evoked that propolis administration improves fish growth and alleviated BPA-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba S Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11757, Egypt.
| | - Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab
- Department of Fish Biology and Ecology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, Egypt.
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18
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Jiang D, Wu Y, Huang D, Ren X, Wang Y. Effects of nutritional history on stress response in gibel carp ( Carassius auratus gibelio ) and largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 210:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Gerber R, Howatson G, Greenfield R, Wagenaar I, Smit N. Physiological response to angling of Africa’s premier freshwater angling species, the tigerfish Hydrocynus vittatus. AFRICAN ZOOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2017.1300069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruan Gerber
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Richard Greenfield
- Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ina Wagenaar
- Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nico Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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20
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Effects of Moderate Food Deprivation on Plasma Corticosterone and Blood Metabolites in Common Watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon). J HERPETOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1670/15-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Nie LJ, Cao ZD, Fu SJ. Digesting or swimming? Integration of the postprandial metabolism, behavior and locomotion in a frequently foraging fish. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 204:205-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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22
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Pietsch C, Junge R. Physiological responses of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to dietary exposure to zearalenone (ZEN). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 188:52-9. [PMID: 27349726 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a frequent contaminant of animal feeds, but systemic effects on fish and possible metabolic costs have not yet been investigated. In order to fill this gap a feeding trial with juvenile carp was conducted. The fish were fed ZEN-contaminated diets at three concentrations (low: 332μgkg(-1), medium: 621μgkg(-1), and high: 797μgkg(-1) final feed, respectively) for four weeks. Possible reversible effects of ZEN were evaluated by feeding an additional group with the mycotoxin for four weeks period and the uncontaminated diet for further two weeks. After that possible ZEN effects on enzyme activities in kidney, spleen, liver and muscle tissue were investigated to get an organism-wide aspect of ZEN effects. Most organs appeared to (over)compensate ZEN effects during the exposure to this mycotoxin, which caused metabolic costs. Oxygen consumption increased in fish treated with the two higher ZEN concentrations via the diet. The differences between the treatments persisted also after the recovery phase of two weeks. Thus, the present study provided evidence of effects of ZEN on carbohydrate metabolism, lipid peroxidation in organs and metabolic oxygen demand. This is the first evidence for increased metabolic costs in a fish species due to exposure to the mycotoxin ZEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Pietsch
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Institute of Natural Resource Sciences (IUNR), Gruental, P.O. Box, CH-8820 Waedenswil, Switzerland.
| | - Ranka Junge
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Institute of Natural Resource Sciences (IUNR), Gruental, P.O. Box, CH-8820 Waedenswil, Switzerland
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23
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Chase DA, Flynn EE, Todgham AE. Survival, growth and stress response of juvenile tidewater goby, Eucyclogobius newberryi, to interspecific competition for food. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 4:cow013. [PMID: 27293761 PMCID: PMC4845346 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cow013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Reintroduction of endangered fishes to historic habitat has been used as a recovery tool; however, these fish may face competition from other fishes that established in their native habitat since extirpation. This study investigated the physiological response of tidewater goby, Eucyclogobius newberryi, an endangered California fish, when competing for food with threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, a native species, and rainwater killifish, Lucania parva, a non-native species. Survival, growth and physiological indicators of stress (i.e. cortisol, glucose and lactate concentrations) were assessed for juvenile fish held for 28 days in two food-limited conditions. When fed a 75% ration, survival of E. newberryi was significantly lower when held with G. aculeatus. In all fish assemblages, weight and relative condition decreased then stabilized over the 28 day experiment, while length remained unchanged. Whole-body cortisol in E. newberryi was not affected by fish assemblage; however, glucose and lactate concentrations were significantly higher with conspecifics than with other fish assemblages. When fed a 50% ration, survival of E. newberryi decreased during the second half of the experiment, while weight and relative condition decreased and length remained unchanged in all three fish assemblages. Cortisol concentrations were significantly higher for all fish assemblages compared with concentrations at the start of the experiment, whereas glucose and lactate concentrations were depressed relative to concentrations at the start of the experiment, with the magnitude of decrease dependent on the species assemblage. Our findings indicate that E. newberryi exhibited reduced growth and an elevated generalized stress response during low food availability. In response to reduced food availability, competition with G. aculeatus had the greatest physiological effect on E. newberryi, with minimal effects from the non-native L. parva. This study presents the first reported cortisol, glucose and lactate concentrations in response to chronic stress for E. newberryi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Chase
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Erin E Flynn
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Anne E Todgham
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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24
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Johansson M, Morgenroth D, Einarsdottir IE, Gong N, Björnsson BT. Energy stores, lipid mobilization and leptin endocrinology of rainbow trout. J Comp Physiol B 2016; 186:759-73. [PMID: 27083432 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-016-0988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The physiological role of leptin in fish is not fully elucidated. In the present study, the involvement of the leptin system in lipid deposition and mobilization in rainbow trout during feeding and 1, 2 and 4 weeks of fasting was investigated in two lines of rainbow trout with different muscle and visceral adiposity: a fat line (FL) with high total energy reserves, high muscle adiposity, but low visceral adiposity and a lean line (LL) with lower total energy reserves and lower muscle adiposity, but higher visceral adiposity. During 4 weeks of fasting, muscle lipids decreased by 63 % in the FL fish, while no such energy mobilization from muscle occurred in the LL fish. On the other hand, lipid stores in liver and visceral adipose tissue was utilized to a similar extent by the two fish lines during fasting. Under normal feeding conditions, plasma leptin levels were higher in the LL than the FL fish, suggesting a possible contribution of visceral adipocytes to plasma leptin levels. Plasma leptin-binding protein levels did not differ between the lines and were not affected by fasting. After 4 weeks of fasting, the long leptin receptor and the leptin-binding protein isoforms 1 and 3 muscle expression increased in the LL fish, as well as hepatic expression of leptin A1 and the two binding protein isoforms. These responses were not seen in the FL fish. The data suggest that the Lep system in rainbow trout is involved in regulation of energy stores and their mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Johansson
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Morgenroth
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingibjörg Eir Einarsdottir
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ningping Gong
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Thrandur Björnsson
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Killen SS, Fu C, Wu Q, Wang Y, Fu S. The relationship between metabolic rate and sociability is altered by food deprivation. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun S. Killen
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health, and Comparative Medicine College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Cheng Fu
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behaviour College of Life Sciences Chongqing Normal University Chongqing 400047 China
| | - Qingyi Wu
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behaviour College of Life Sciences Chongqing Normal University Chongqing 400047 China
| | - Yu‐Xiang Wang
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behaviour College of Life Sciences Chongqing Normal University Chongqing 400047 China
- Department of Biology Queen's University Kingston Ontario Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Shi‐Jian Fu
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behaviour College of Life Sciences Chongqing Normal University Chongqing 400047 China
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Jeffrey JD, Hasler CT, Chapman JM, Cooke SJ, Suski CD. Linking Landscape-Scale Disturbances to Stress and Condition of Fish: Implications for Restoration and Conservation. Integr Comp Biol 2015; 55:618-30. [PMID: 25931612 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icv022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have dramatically altered landscapes as a result of urban and agricultural development, which has led to decreases in the quality and quantity of habitats for animals. This is particularly the case for freshwater fish that reside in fluvial systems, given that changes to adjacent lands have direct impacts on the structure and function of watersheds. Because choices of habitat have physiological consequences for organisms, animals that occupy sub-optimal habitats may experience increased expenditure of energy or homeostatic overload that can cause negative outcomes for individuals and populations. With the imperiled and threatened status of many freshwater fish, there is a critical need to define relationships between land use, quality of the habitat, and physiological performance for resident fish as an aid to restoration and management. Here, we synthesize existing literature to relate variation in land use at the scale of watersheds to the physiological status of resident fish. This examination revealed that landscape-level disturbances can influence a host of physiological properties of resident fishes, ranging from cellular and genomic levels to the hormonal and whole-animal levels. More importantly, these physiological responses have been integrated into traditional field-based monitoring protocols to provide a mechanistic understanding of how organisms interact with their environment, and to enhance restoration. We also generated a conceptual model that provides a basis for relating landscape-level changes to physiological responses in fish. We conclude that physiological sampling of resident fish has the potential to assess the effects of landscape-scale disturbances on freshwater fish and to enhance restoration and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Jeffrey
- *Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, W-503 Turner Hall, 1102 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6; Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Caleb T Hasler
- *Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, W-503 Turner Hall, 1102 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6; Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Jacqueline M Chapman
- *Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, W-503 Turner Hall, 1102 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6; Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Steven J Cooke
- *Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, W-503 Turner Hall, 1102 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6; Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 *Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, W-503 Turner Hall, 1102 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6; Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Cory D Suski
- *Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, W-503 Turner Hall, 1102 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6; Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
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Haller LY, Hung SSO, Lee S, Fadel JG, Lee JH, McEnroe M, Fangue NA. Effect of Nutritional Status on the Osmoregulation of Green Sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris). Physiol Biochem Zool 2015; 88:22-42. [DOI: 10.1086/679519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Lüersen K, Faust U, Gottschling DC, Döring F. Gait-specific adaptation of locomotor activity in response to dietary restriction in Caenorhabditis elegans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 217:2480-8. [PMID: 24803455 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.099382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Locomotion is crucial for the survival of living organisms, as it allows foraging, flight and mating behaviour. In response to environmental cues, many organisms switch between alternative forms of locomotion, referred to as gaits. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits two gaits: swimming in liquids and crawling on dense gels. The kinematics and patterns of muscle activity differ between the two gaits, with swimming being less efficient than crawling. We found that C. elegans when grown on dietary restriction (DR) plates and then tested immediately for swimming activity exhibit an accelerated frequency of body-bending swimming compared with ad libitum-fed worms, resulting in an increased swimming speed. This response is independent of the presence or absence of food bacteria in the assay liquid. In contrast, the crawling speed of DR worms on assay agar plates is decreased and influenced by food availability. Because DR also attenuates the disturbed swimming activity of worms that are deficient in the presynaptic dopamine transporter DAT-1, our data link DR-induced alterations of the swimming gait to synaptic processes. This strongly suggests a biochemical rather than a biomechanical response to DR provoked by changes in the worm's body structure. We conclude that the increase in locomotor activity in response to DR is specific to the swimming gait and might represent a survival strategy, allowing food-deprived nematodes to exit unfavourable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lüersen
- Department of Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulla Faust
- Department of Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter-Christian Gottschling
- Department of Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank Döring
- Department of Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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29
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Hatry C, Thiem JD, Binder TR, Hatin D, Dumont P, Stamplecoskie KM, Molina JM, Smokorowski KE, Cooke SJ. Comparative Physiology and Relative Swimming Performance of Three Redhorse (Moxostoma spp.) Species: Associations with Fishway Passage Success. Physiol Biochem Zool 2014; 87:148-59. [DOI: 10.1086/671900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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VanLandeghem MM, Wagner CP, Wahl DH, Suski CD. Physiological disturbances and overwinter mortality of largemouth bass from different latitudes. Physiol Biochem Zool 2013; 86:716-26. [PMID: 24241068 DOI: 10.1086/673181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Thermal conditions associated with winter can influence the distribution of a species. Because winter severity varies along latitudes, populations of temperate fish located along a latitudinal gradient may display variation in both sublethal and lethal responses to cold stressors. Sublethal physiological disturbances were quantified in age 1 largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) from populations originating from Alabama and Illinois but raised in a common environment. Fish were exposed to 6 h of rapid cold shock from 20° to 8°C (controls were held at 20°C) and then sampled for white muscle, whole blood, and plasma. After cold shock, glucose concentrations were elevated in Alabama but not Illinois fish. Sodium was lower and chloride was higher in Alabama largemouth bass, but fish from Illinois had a greater propensity for potassium loss during cold shock. In Illinois ponds, Alabama largemouth bass exhibited lower overwinter survival (adult: 10%; age 0: 22%) than did those from Illinois (adult: 80%; age 0: 82%). Latitudinal variation in physiological responses to cold stressors may therefore influence overwinter survival of largemouth bass and the ability of a fish species to exist over large geographic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M VanLandeghem
- Kaskaskia Biological Station, Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1235 CR 1000N, Sullivan, Illinois 61951; 2Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, W401-C Turner Hall, 1102 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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Diricx M, Sinha AK, Liew HJ, Mauro N, Blust R, De Boeck G. Compensatory responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) under ammonia exposure: additional effects of feeding and exercise. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 142-143:123-137. [PMID: 24001429 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is an environmental pollutant that is toxic to all aquatic animals. The toxic effects of ammonia can be modulated by other physiological processes such as feeding and swimming. In this study, we wanted to examine these modulating effects in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were either fed (2% body weight) or starved (unfed for seven days prior to the sampling), and swimming at a sustainable, routine swimming speed or swum to exhaustion, while being exposed chronically (up to 28 days) to high environmental ammonia (HEA, 1 mg/L ~58.8 μmol/L as NH4Cl at pH 7.9). Swimming performance (critical swimming speed, Ucrit) and metabolic responses such as oxygen consumption rate (MO2), ammonia excretion rate (Jamm), ammonia quotient, liver and muscle energy budget (glycogen, lipid and protein), plasma ammonia and lactate, as well as plasma ion concentrations (Na(+), Cl(-), K(+) and Ca(2+)) were investigated in order to understand metabolic and iono-regulatory consequences of the experimental conditions. Cortisol plays an important role in stress and in both the regulation of energy and the ion homeostasis; therefore plasma cortisol was measured. Results show that during HEA, Jamm was elevated to a larger extent in fed fish and they were able to excrete much more efficiently than the starved fish. Consequently, the build-up of ammonia in plasma of HEA exposed fed fish was much slower. MO2 increased considerably in fed fish after exposure to HEA and was further intensified during exercise. During exposure to HEA, the level of cortisol in plasma augmented in both the feeding regimes, but the effect of HEA was more pronounced in starved fish. Energy stores dropped for both fed and the starved fish with the progression of the exposure period and further declined when swimming to exhaustion. Overall, fed fish were less affected by HEA than starved fish, and although exercise exacerbated the toxic effect in both feeding treatments, this was more pronounced in starved fish. This suggests that fish become more vulnerable to external ammonia during exercise, and feeding protects the fish against the adverse effects of high ammonia and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Diricx
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, BE-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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Feeding and swimming modulate iono-and-hormonal regulation differently in goldfish, Carassius auratus and common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 165:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Killen SS, Marras S, McKenzie DJ. Fast growers sprint slower: effects of food deprivation and re-feeding on sprint swimming performance in individual juvenile European sea bass. J Exp Biol 2013; 217:859-65. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.097899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
While many ectothermic species can withstand prolonged fasting without mortality, food-deprivation may have sublethal effects of ecological importance, including reductions in locomotor ability. Little is known about how such changes in performance in individual animals are related either to mass loss during food-deprivation or growth rate during re-feeding. This study followed changes in the maximum sprint swimming performance of individual European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax throughout 45 days of food-deprivation and 30 days of re-feeding. Maximum sprint speed did not show a significant decline until 45 days of food deprivation. Among individuals, the reduction in sprinting speed at this time was not related to mass loss. After 30 days of re-feeding, mean sprinting speed had recovered to match that of control fish. Among individuals, however, maximum sprinting speed was negatively correlated with growth rate after the resumption of feeding. This suggests that the rapid compensatory growth that occurs during re-feeding after a prolonged fast carries a physiological cost in terms of reduced sprinting capacity, the extent of which shows continuous variation among individuals in relation to growth rate. The long-term repeatability of maximum sprint speed was low when fish were fasted or fed a maintenance ration, but was high among control fish fed to satiation. Fish that had been previously food deprived continued to show low repeatability in sprinting ability even after the initiation of ad libitum feeding, probably stemming from variation in compensatory growth among individuals and its associated negative effects on sprinting ability. Together these results suggest that food limitation can disrupt hierarchies of maximum sprint performance within populations. In the wild, the cumulative effects on locomotor capacity of fasting and re-feeding could lead to variable survival among individuals with different growth trajectories following a period of feed deprivation.
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34
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Roche DG, Binning SA, Bosiger Y, Johansen JL, Rummer JL. Finding the best estimates of metabolic rates in a coral reef fish. J Exp Biol 2013; 216:2103-10. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.082925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Metabolic rates of aquatic organisms are estimated from measurements of oxygen consumption rates (ṀO2) through swimming and resting respirometry. These distinct approaches are increasingly used in eco- and conservation physiology studies; however, few studies have tested whether they yield comparable results. We examined whether two fundamental ṀO2 measures, standard metabolic rate (SMR) and maximum metabolic rate (MMR), vary based on the method employed. Ten bridled monocle bream (Scolopsis bilineatus) were exercised using (1) a critical swimming speed (Ucrit) protocol, (2) a 15 min exhaustive chase protocol and (3) a 3 min exhaustive chase protocol followed by brief air exposure. Protocol (1) was performed in a swimming respirometer whereas protocols (2) and (3) were followed by resting respirometry. SMR estimates in swimming respirometry were similar to those in resting respirometry when a three-parameter exponential or power function was used to extrapolate the swimming speed-ṀO2 relationship to zero swimming speed. In contrast, MMR using the Ucrit protocol was 36% higher than MMR derived from the 15 min chase protocol and 23% higher than MMR using the 3 min chase 1 min air exposure protocol. For strong steady (endurance) swimmers, such as S. bilineatus, swimming respirometry can produce more accurate MMR estimates than exhaustive chase protocols because oxygen consumption is measured during exertion. However, when swimming respirometry is impractical, exhaustive chase protocols should be supplemented with brief air exposure to improve measurement accuracy. Caution is warranted when comparing MMR estimates obtained with different respirometry methods unless they are cross-validated on a species-specific basis.
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35
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Liss SA, Sass GG, Suski CD. Spatial and temporal influences on the physiological condition of invasive silver carp. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 1:cot017. [PMID: 27293601 PMCID: PMC4732447 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cot017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We quantified nutritional and stress parameters (alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, protein, triglycerides, cortisol, and glucose) in invasive silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) inhabiting four large rivers throughout three distinct time periods in the Midwestern USA. Examining the basic biology and ecology of an invasive species is crucial to gain an understanding of the interaction between an organism and its environment. Analysis of the physiological condition of wild-caught silver carp across broad spatial and temporal scales is essential because stress and nutritional parameters can link individuals to their habitats and vary among populations across environments. During each time period, we collected blood samples from individual silver carp in the Illinois River and portions of the Mississippi, Ohio, and Wabash rivers in Illinois. We tested for relationships between silver carp nutrition and stress across rivers, reaches within rivers, and time periods. Principal component analyses separated physiological parameters into a stress component (cortisol and glucose) and two nutritional components representative of short-term feeding (alkaline phosphatase, protein, and triglycerides) and body energy reserves (cholesterol and protein). Akaike's information criterion suggested that time period had the greatest influence on stress. Stress levels were consistent in all four rivers, and declined across time periods. Akaike's information criterion also suggested that interactions of time period and river had the greatest influence on short-term feeding and body energy reserves. There was no specific pattern across time periods within each river, nor was there a pattern across rivers. Our results provide a better understanding of nutritional and stress conditions in invasive silver carp across a broad landscape and temporal scale, with implications for managing and predicting the spread of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Liss
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
- Corresponding author: Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Tel: +1 217 244 2237.
| | - Greg G. Sass
- Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Boulder Junction, WI 54512, USA
| | - Cory D. Suski
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Bernier NJ, Gorissen M, Flik G. Differential effects of chronic hypoxia and feed restriction on the expression of leptin and its receptor, food intake regulation and the endocrine stress response in common carp. J Exp Biol 2012; 215:2273-82. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.066183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Appetite suppression is a common response to hypoxia in fish that confers significant energy savings. Yet little is known about the endocrine signals involved in the regulation of food intake during chronic hypoxia. Thus, we assessed the impact of chronic hypoxia on food intake, the expression of the potent anorexigenic signal leptin and its receptor (lepr), the mRNA levels of key hypothalamic appetite-regulating genes, and the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–interrenal (HPI) axis in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Fish exposed to 10% O2 saturation for 8 days were chronically anorexic and consumed on average 79% less food than normoxic controls. Hypoxia also elicited gradual and parallel increases in the expression of liver leptin-a-I, leptin-a-II, lepr and erythropoietin, a known hypoxia-responsive gene. In contrast, the liver mRNA levels of all four genes remained unchanged in normoxic fish pair-fed to the hypoxia treatment. In the hypothalamus, expression of the appetite-regulating genes were consistent with an inhibition and stimulation of hunger in the hypoxic and pair-fed fish, respectively, and reduced feed intake led to a decrease in lepr. Although both treatments elicited similar delayed increases in plasma cortisol, they were characterized by distinct HPI axis effector transcript levels and a marked differential increase in pituitary lepr expression. Together, these results show that a reduction in O2 availability, and not feed intake, stimulates liver leptin-a expression in common carp and suggest that this pleiotropic cytokine is involved in the regulation of appetite and the endocrine stress response during chronic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Bernier
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Marnix Gorissen
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Flik
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Sinha AK, Liew HJ, Diricx M, Kumar V, Darras VM, Blust R, De Boeck G. Combined effects of high environmental ammonia, starvation and exercise on hormonal and ion-regulatory response in goldfish (Carassius auratus L.). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 114-115:153-164. [PMID: 22446827 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Due to eutrophication, high environmental ammonia (HEA) has become a frequent problem in aquatic environments, especially in agricultural or densely populated areas. During certain periods, e.g. winter, feed deprivation may occur simultaneously in natural waters. Additionally, under such stressful circumstances, fish may be enforced to swim at a high speed in order to catch prey, avoid predators and so on. Consequently, fish need to cope with all these stressors by altering physiological processes which in turn are controlled by genes expression. Therefore, in the present study, ammonia toxicity was tested in function of nutrient status (fed versus starved) and swimming performance activity (routine versus exhaustive). Goldfish, a relatively tolerant cyprinid, were exposed to HEA (1 mg/L; Flemish water quality guideline for surface water) for a period of 3 h, 12 h, 1 day, 4 days, 10 days, 21 days and 28 days and were either fed (2% body weight) or starved (kept unfed for 7 days prior to sampling). Results showed that the activity of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase in the gills was stimulated by HEA and disturbance in ion balance was obvious with increases in plasma [Na⁺], [Cl⁻] and [Ca²⁺] after prolonged exposure. Additionally, osmoregulation and metabolism controlling hormones like cortisol and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) were investigated to understand adaptive responses. The expression kinetics of growth, stress and osmo-regulatory representative genes such as Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I), growth hormone receptor (GHR), thyroid hormone receptor β (THRβ), prolactin receptor (PRLR), cortisol receptor (CR) and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase α(3) were examined. Overall effect of HEA was evident since Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity, plasma cortisol, Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentration, expression level of CR and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase α₃ mRNA in fed and starved fish were increased. On the contrary, transcript level of PRLR was reduced after 4 days of HEA; additionally T3 level and expression of GHR, IGF-I and THRβ genes were decreased following 10-21 days of HEA. Starvation, the additional challenge in the present study, significantly increased plasma cortisol level and CR transcript level under HEA compared to the fed exposed and control fish. Furthermore, a remarkable reduction in T3 and mRNA levels of THRβ, IGF-I and GHR genes was observed under starvation. The toxic effects in both feeding treatments were exacerbated when imposed to exhaustive swimming with more pronounced effects in starved fish. This confirms that starvation makes fish more vulnerable to external ammonia, especially during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Sinha
- Laboratory for Ecophysiology, Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Sinha AK, Liew HJ, Diricx M, Blust R, De Boeck G. The interactive effects of ammonia exposure, nutritional status and exercise on metabolic and physiological responses in gold fish (Carassius auratus L.). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 109:33-46. [PMID: 22204987 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the physiological effects of high environmental ammonia (HEA) following periods of feeding (2% body weight) and starvation (unfed for 7 days prior to sampling) in gold fish (Carassius auratus). Both groups of fish were exposed to HEA (1 mg/L; Flemish water quality guideline) for 0 h (control), 3 h, 12 h, 1 day, 4 days, 10 days, 21 days and 28 days. Measurements of weight gain (%), oxygen consumption (MO2), ammonia excretion rate, ammonia quotient (AQ), critical swimming speeds (Ucrit), plasma and muscle ammonia accumulation, plasma lactate, liver and muscle glycogen, lipid and protein content were done at various time intervals during the experimental periods. Overall, ammonia excretion rates, plasma ammonia accumulation and AQ were significantly affected by food regime in ammonia free water. HEA, the additional challenge in the present study, significantly altered all the studied parameters among fed and starved groups in days-dependent manner. Results show that weight gain (%), MO2, Ucrit, protein content in liver and muscle, and glycogen content in muscle among starved fish under HEA were considerably reduced compared to control and fed fish. Additionally a remarkable increase in plasma ammonia level, muscle ammonia, lactate accumulation and AQ was seen. However in fed fish, MO2, ammonia excretion rate, AQ and lactate level augmented after exposure to HEA. These results indicate that starved fish appeared more sensitive to HEA than fed fish. Furthermore, as expected, the toxic effect of ammonia exposure in both feeding treatments was exacerbated when imposed to exhaustive swimming (swum at 3/4th Ucrit). Such effects were more pronounced in starved fish. This suggests that starvation can instigate fish more vulnerable to external ammonia during exercise. Therefore, it was evident from our study that feeding ameliorates ammonia handling and reduces its toxicity during both routine and exhaustive swimming. Moreover, recovery was observed for some physiological parameters (e.g. MO2, ammonia excretion, Ucrit, plasma ammonia) during the last exposure periods (21-28 days) while for others (e.g. growth, tissue glycogen and protein content, muscle ammonia) effects only became apparent at this time. In the future, these results need to be considered in ecological context as fish in ammonia polluted may experience different phenomenon (starvation and exercise) simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Sinha
- Laboratory for Ecophysiology, Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Petersen L, Dzialowski E, Huggett D. The interactive effects of a gradual temperature decrease and long-term food deprivation on cardiac and hepatic blood flows in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 160:311-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Killen SS, Marras S, McKenzie DJ. Fuel, fasting, fear: routine metabolic rate and food deprivation exert synergistic effects on risk-taking in individual juvenile European sea bass. J Anim Ecol 2011; 80:1024-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gravel MA, Suski CD, Cooke SJ. Behavioral and physiological consequences of nest predation pressure for larval fish. Behav Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arr009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Giesing ER, Suski CD, Warner RE, Bell AM. Female sticklebacks transfer information via eggs: effects of maternal experience with predators on offspring. Proc Biol Sci 2010; 278:1753-9. [PMID: 21068041 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.1819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that maternal experience influences offspring via non-genetic mechanisms. When female three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) were exposed to the threat of predation, they produced larger eggs with higher cortisol content, which consumed more oxygen shortly after fertilization compared with a control group. As juveniles, the offspring of predator-exposed mothers exhibited tighter shoaling behaviour, an antipredator defence. We did not detect an effect of maternal exposure to predation risk on the somatic growth of fry. Altogether, we found that exposure to an ecologically relevant stressor during egg formation had several long-lasting consequences for offspring, some of which might be mediated by exposure to maternally derived cortisol. These results support the hypothesis that female sticklebacks might influence the development, growth and behaviour of their offspring via eggs to match their future environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Giesing
- Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Martin B.A. WH. IX.: SOME EXPERIMENTS ON THE FREEZING AND THAWING OF LIVE FISH. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1911. [DOI: 10.1139/f11-009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
not available
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