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Li M, Xu M, Wang J, Yao Y, Zhang X, Liu J. Phenotypic flexibility in metabolic adjustments and digestive function in white-shouldered starlings: responses to short-term temperature acclimation. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246214. [PMID: 38009187 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Changing the intrinsic rate of metabolic heat production is the main adaptive strategy for small birds to cope with different ambient temperatures. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the small passerine the white-shouldered starling (Sturnus sinensis) can modulate basal metabolism under temperature acclimation by changing the morphological, physiological and biochemical state of its tissues and organs. We measured the effects of temperature on body mass, basal metabolic rate (BMR), wet mass of various internal organs, state 4 respiration (S4R) and cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity in the pectoral muscle and organs, metabolites in the pectoral muscle, energy intake, histological dynamics and the activity of duodenal digestive enzymes. Warm acclimation decreased BMR to a greater extent than cold acclimation. At the organ level, birds in the cold-acclimated group had significantly heavier intestines but significantly lighter pectoral muscles. At the cellular level, birds in the cold-acclimated group showed significantly higher S4R in the liver and heart and CCO activity in the liver and kidney at both the mass-specific and whole-organ levels. A metabolomic analysis of the pectoral tissue revealed significantly higher lipid decomposition, amino acid degradation, ATP hydrolysis, and GTP and biotin synthesis in cold-acclimated birds. Acclimation to cold significantly increased the gross energy intake (GEI), feces energy (FE) and digestive energy intake (DEI) but significantly decreased the digestive efficiency of these birds. Furthermore, cold-acclimated birds had a higher maltase activity and longer villi in the duodenum. Taken together, these data show that white-shouldered starlings exhibit high phenotypic flexibility in metabolic adjustments and digestive function under temperature acclimation, consistent with the notion that small birds cope with the energy challenges presented by a cold environment by modulating tissue function in a way that would affect BMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mingru Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Yao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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Elbaz AM, Farrag B, Mesalam NM, Basuony HA, Badran AMM, Abdel-Moneim AME. Growth performance, digestive function, thyroid activity, and immunity of growing rabbits fed olive cake with or without Saccharomyces cerevisiae or citric acid. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:376. [PMID: 37878115 PMCID: PMC10600033 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03794-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the impact of dietary inclusion of olive cakes (OC) with or without Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) and citric acid (CA) on growth, digestive function, thyroid activity, antioxidant status, immunity, and intestinal architecture of growing rabbits. One hundred forty 35-day-old male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned into seven experimental groups with five replicates each, as follows: control (CN), fed the basal diet; OC20 and OC25, fed diets with 20 and 25% OC; OS20 and OS25, fed diets containing 20 and 25% OC with S. cerevisiae at 5 g/kg diet; OA20 and OA25, fed diets supplemented with 20 and 25% OC with 1.0% citric acid. No differences in live body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and carcass traits were noticed among experimental groups, while body weight gain and carcass (%) were increased (P < 0.05) in OS20 compared to the control. Digestibility coefficients of all nutrients and activities of amylase, cellulose, and trypsin did not differ in treated groups compared to the control except for OS20, which recorded enhancement in nutrient digestibility. Plasma triiodothyronine and thyroxine were elevated (P < 0.05), while triglycerides and cholesterol were reduced (P < 0.05) in OS20 compared to CN. Plasma concentrations of immunoglobulin M and G and superoxide dismutase were increased in treated groups compared to the control. Dietary inclusion of SC and CA improved rabbits' intestinal health, as the cecal Lactobacillus count was increased, E. coli count was decreased, and villus height was elevated in SC- and CA-treated groups. In conclusion, dietary incorporation of SC or CA enhanced the nutritional value of OC and improved growth performance, nutrient digestibility, thyroid activity, antioxidative status, and gut health of growing rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noura M Mesalam
- Biological Applications Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamdy A Basuony
- Biological Applications Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aml M M Badran
- Poultry Breeding Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Ma J, Qin C, Hu X, Lin Z, Li Z, Gao Y. Health risks posed by environmental benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters (BP-UVFs): An investigation into the binding of BP-UVFs to trypsin and their adverse effects. J Hazard Mater 2023; 459:132231. [PMID: 37557051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters (BP-UVFs) are ubiquitous in the environment, and people frequently ingest them via food chain and drinking water. However, there is no clear information about whether BP-UVFs are detrimental to human health. Herein, experiments using multi-spectroscopy revealed typical BP-UVFs, i.e., benzophenone (BP), 2-hydroxybenzophenone (2-OHBP), 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-OHBP), 2,2'-dihydroxybenzophenone (2,2'-OHBP), 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (2,4-OHBP), 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone (4,4'-OHBP), 2,4,4'-trihydroxybenzophenone (2,4,4'-OHBP), 2,2',4,4'-tetraphydroxybenzophenone (2,2',4,4'-OHBP), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (2-OH-4-MeOBP) and 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (2,2'-OH-4-MeOBP), could bind to the active site of trypsin with different binding constants (2.69 × 104-1.07 × 106 L/mol), cause structural abnormalities and inhibit the enzymatic activity in varying degrees, indicating that the BP-UVFs ingestion poses a risk to human health. In contrast to previous research, this study systematically analysed the binding mechanism using an innovative combination of molecular docking and advanced quantum chemistry calculations, including molecular dynamics simulations, energy calculations, etc. The results revealed that most amino acids that make up trypsin have a greater positive electrostatic surface potential (ESP). Therefore, the greater the area and distribution of negative ESP in a particular BP-UVFs, the more easily it will bind to trypsin. This provides new insight into the binding of pollutants to proteins. This study suggests a need for better monitoring and control of environmental BP-UVFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Ma
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Chao Qin
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Hu
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Lin
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zekai Li
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Han X, Li Z, Zhang Y, Liang L, Ma X, Liu H, Gao Y, Li Q, Chen X, Lv Y, Ren F. Physiological and histopathological effects of electroporation pulse on stomach of rats. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:351. [PMID: 34556038 PMCID: PMC8461917 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is an emerging tissue ablation technique with widespread potential, especially for cancer treatment. Although the safety and efficacy of IRE for gastric tissue ablation have been demonstrated, there is a gap of knowledge regarding the effect of electroporation pulse (EP) on the physiology and histopathology of the stomach. This study applied EP to the stomach of healthy rats and investigated the digestive function, serum marker levels, and gastric tissue structure of EP-treated rats. METHODS Ninety male rats were divided into nine groups and examined up to 28 days post-treatment. A single burst of electroporation pulse (500 V, 99 pluses, 1 Hz, 100 µs) was delivered to the stomachs of rats using a tweezer-style round electrode. Gastric emptying, small intestinal transit, and gastric secretion were measured to evaluate the digestive function. Serum marker levels were determined using ELISA. Haematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome, and immunofluorescence were performed for histopathological analysis. RESULTS No significant effect on gastric emptying or secretion was found post-EP, whereas the small intestinal transit decreased at 4 h and rapidly recovered to normal on 1-day post-EP. Further, serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels temporarily changed during the acute phase but returned to baseline within 28 days. Moreover, histopathological analysis revealed that cell death occurred immediately post-EP in the ablation area, whereas the gastric wall scaffold in the ablation region remained intact post-EP. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the safety and efficacy of EP on the physiology and histopathology of the stomach and lays a foundation for more comprehensive applications of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchi Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Electrical Science and Technology Research Institute, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xuan Han
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhuoqun Li
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Lihong Liang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Haonan Liu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yihui Gao
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qingshan Li
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xue Chen
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yi Lv
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710061, China. .,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Fenggang Ren
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710061, China. .,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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5
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Zhou W, Krogdahl Å, Sæle Ø, Chikwati E, Løkka G, Kortner TM. Digestive and immune functions in the intestine of wild Ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 260:111011. [PMID: 34174428 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to profile key characteristics of intestinal functions and health in wild-caught Ballan wrasse. To describe functional variation along the intestine, samples were collected from four intestinal segments, named from the proximal to the distal segment: IN1, IN2, IN3 and IN4. The sections showed quite similar structure, i.e. regarding mucosal fold height and branching, lamina propria and submucosal width and cellular composition and thickness of the muscle layers. Leucine aminopeptidase and maltase capacity decreased from IN1 to IN4, suggesting a predominant role of IN1 in digestion. Gene expression levels of vitamin C transporter (slc23a1) and fatty acid transporters (cd36 and fabp2) were higher in IN1 than in IN4, indicating a more important role of the proximal intestine regarding transport of vitamins and fatty acids. Higher expression of the gene coding for IgM heavy chain constant region (ighm) was found in IN4 than in IN1, suggesting an important immune function of the distal intestine. Other immune related genes il1b, il6, cd40, showed similar expression in the proximal and the distal part of the intestine. Parasite infection, especially the myxozoan parasite Enteromyxum leei, coincided with infiltration of lymphocytic and eosinophilic granular cells in the submucosa and lamina propria. The present study established reference information necessary for interpretation of results of studies of intestinal functions and health in cultured Ballan wrasse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Zhou
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Åshild Krogdahl
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Øystein Sæle
- Feed and Nutrition, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Elvis Chikwati
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Guro Løkka
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Trond M Kortner
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
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Jaiturong P, Laosirisathian N, Sirithunyalug B, Eitssayeam S, Sirilun S, Chaiyana W, Sirithunyalug J. Potential of Musa sapientum Linn. for digestive function promotion by supporting Lactobacillus sp. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05247. [PMID: 33088978 PMCID: PMC7567041 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus is a beneficial bacteria that could inhibit pathogenic potential of other microorganisms. This is the first study to develop a potential tablet from Musa sapientum Linn. (locally known as Kluai Namwa) using the direct compression method to support Lactobacillus sp. We compared the amount of resistant starch and prebiotic properties of the dry powder from unpeeled raw fruit, peeled raw fruit, and starch from M. sapientum. These dry powders were formulated into tablets using the direct compression method and evaluated for their prebiotic index compared to their native powder. Resistant starch, which possessed the highest prebiotic index, generated a tablet that possessed remarkable in vitro prebiotic properties. All tablets met the requirement of the United States Pharmacopeia. Therefore, resistant starch tablets from M. sapientum are suggested for use as a health promotion product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patthanakorn Jaiturong
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nachtharinee Laosirisathian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Busaban Sirithunyalug
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sukum Eitssayeam
- Department of Physics and Materials, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceutical, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wantida Chaiyana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Jakkapan Sirithunyalug
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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Wang J, Ni X, Wen B, Zhou Y, Liu L, Zeng Y, Zhao W, Khalique A, Wang P, Pan K, Yu Z, Jing B, Liu H, Zeng D. Bacillus strains improve growth performance via enhancing digestive function and anti-disease ability in young and weaning rex rabbits. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4493-4504. [PMID: 32193576 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that probiotic Bacillus could promote growth and enhance anti-disease ability in animal. In present study, the mixture of three Bacillus strains, which were isolated from rex rabbits and showed high cellulose, protease, and amylase activities, was added into the diet for investigating its effects on young and weaning rex rabbits. For experiment 1, 40 young rex rabbits (9 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups and fed with diets containing 0 (NC), 1.0 × 105 cfu/g (LC), 1.0 × 106 cfu/g (MC), and 1.0 × 107 cfu/g (HC) Bacillus strains for 4 weeks. For experiment 2, 80 weaning rex rabbits (5 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups and fed with diet containing 0 (control), 1.0 × 105 cfu/g (T-1), 1.0 × 106 cfu/g (T-2), and 1.0 × 107 cfu/g (T-3) Bacillus strains for 8 weeks. The results showed that Bacillus strains at a dose of 1.0 × 106 cfu/g significantly enhanced growth performance, increased immune organ indexes, improved serum biochemical parameters, and heightened antioxidant capacity. It also markedly improved the intestinal microbiota by increasing Lactobacillus spp., Bacillus spp. counts, and decreased Escherichia coli count. In addition, the Bacillus mixture raised the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid as well as protease, amylase, and cellulase activities of young and weaning rex rabbits. Moreover, for weaning rex rabbits, the inclusion of Bacillus strains also upregulated the abundance of cellulolytic bacteria and improved intestinal morphology. Therefore, our results indicated that Bacillus strains could facilitate the growth of young and weaning rex rabbits by improving digestive function and anti-disease ability. KEY POINTS: • Bacillus with high extracellular enzyme activity were isolated from rex rabbits. • Bacillus could improve growth performance of young and weaning rex rabbits. • The digestive function of young and weaning rex rabbits could be improved by Bacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueqin Ni
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Wen
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Abdul Khalique
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Kangcheng Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiju Yu
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Jing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanzhong Liu
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Kerambrun E, Delahaut L, Geffard A, David E. Differentiation of sympatric zebra and quagga mussels in ecotoxicological studies: A comparison of morphometric data, gene expression, and body metal concentrations. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 154:321-328. [PMID: 29482127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The zebra mussel is among the best studied freshwater molluscs in ecotoxicology, but information on the quagga mussel is lacking. Considering its potential spread, we selected a river in France in which zebra and quagga mussels coexisted, and then we used genetic markers to differentiate the two species and compared morphological parameters. cDNA sequencing assays of ten genes already used in zebra mussels were performed on quagga mussels to obtain functional specific primers. Then we analyzed the expression of genes involved in cellular metabolic activities (Cytochrome-c-oxidase - cox, and ATP synthase - atp), detoxification processes (Glutathione-S-Transferase - gst), oxidative stress (Catalase - cat), and digestive functions (Amylase - amy) on the two species. Whereas morphometric analysis underlined similarities in shape between the two species, relative gene expression profiles and metal concentrations evidenced strong differences. Quagga mussels notably presented half as high concentrations in Cd and Pb, two particularly toxic elements, as zebra mussels. These results imply that i) particular attention should be paid to properly distinguish the two species considering their similar external appearance, and ii) zebra mussels cannot be replaced by quagga mussels in ecotoxicological studies without preliminary investigations on biomarker response patterns. To our knowledge, this study is the first to have undertaken such an approach in gene expression analysis in quagga mussels, and more generally to have compared such biomarker responses of zebra and quagga mussels in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kerambrun
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO (Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques), INERIS-URCA-ULH, France.
| | - L Delahaut
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO (Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques), INERIS-URCA-ULH, France
| | - A Geffard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO (Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques), INERIS-URCA-ULH, France
| | - E David
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO (Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques), INERIS-URCA-ULH, France
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Dehghan M, Fatehi Poor A, Mehdipoor R, Ahmadinejad M. Does abdominal massage improve gastrointestinal functions of intensive care patients with an endotracheal tube?: A randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2017; 30:122-128. [PMID: 29389471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastrointestinal dysfunction is one of the most common problems among patients hospitalized in intensive care units. Currently, medicinal and non-medicinal methods are being used to prevent gastrointestinal problems. Among non-medicinal methods, abdominal massage is considered as a relatively acceptable method. The present study aims to examine the effect of abdominal massage on gastrointestinal functions of the intensive care patients with an endotracheal tube. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this clinical trial, 70 intensive care patients with an endotracheal tube were chosen by convenience sampling and allocated to an intervention or a control group randomly. In the intervention group, a 15-min abdominal massage was conducted twice a day for three days, while the control group received only routine cares. The abdominal circumference, gastric residual volume, times of defecation, and frequency of constipation were measured. RESULTS Gastric residual volume decreased significantly in the intervention group and increased significantly in the control group; however, there was no significant difference between two groups (P = .15). There was a significant difference between two groups regarding abdominal circumference and it was decreased in the intervention group (P < .001). The defecation times significantly increased in the intervention group (P = .002). After the intervention, the prevalence of constipation was significantly decreased in the intervention group (P = .008). CONCLUSION The results revealed that abdominal massage could improve gastrointestinal functions in enterally fed patients with an endotracheal tube. It is suggested to use abdominal massage as an adjunct therapy for improving gastrointestinal functions in intensive care patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahlagha Dehghan
- Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Haft Bagh Alavi road, Iran
| | - Amanollah Fatehi Poor
- Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Haft Bagh Alavi road, Iran.
| | - Roghayeh Mehdipoor
- Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Haft Bagh Alavi road, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ahmadinejad
- Fellow of Critical Care Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Haft Bagh Alavi road, Kerman, Iran
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Støy ACF, Heegaard PMH, Skovgaard K, Bering SB, Bjerre M, Sangild PT. Increased Intestinal Inflammation and Digestive Dysfunction in Preterm Pigs with Severe Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Neonatology 2017; 111:289-296. [PMID: 28013313 DOI: 10.1159/000452614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) are well known, but the factors involved in the different NEC presentations remain unclear. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that digestive dysfunction and intestinal inflammation are mainly affected by severe NEC lesions. METHODS In 48 preterm pigs, the association between the macroscopic NEC score (range 1-6) and the expression of 48 genes related to inflammation, morphological, and digestive parameters in the distal small intestine was investigated. RESULTS Only severe NEC cases (score of 5-6) were associated with the upregulation of genes involved in inflammation (CCL2, CCL3, CD14, CD163, CXCL8, HP, IL1B, IL1RN, IL6,IL10, NFKBIA, PTGS2 and TNFAIP3) compared to pigs that appeared healthy (score of 1-2) or showed mild NEC (score of 3-4). Pigs with a score of 5-6 had higher intestinal tissue IL-1β levels and a lower mucosal mass, villus height, and aminopeptidase N activity compared to pigs with a score of 1-4, and lower crypts and activities of lactase, dipeptidylpeptidase IV, and aminopeptidase A than pigs with a score of 1-2. CONCLUSIONS The expression of a range of inflammation-related genes was increased only in pigs with severe NEC, concomitant with morphological changes and decreased hydrolase activity. A severe inflammatory response and digestive dysfunction are associated mainly with severe NEC. Still, it remains difficult to separate the initial causes of NEC and the later intestinal consequences of NEC in both infants and experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Cathrine F Støy
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Moguel-Hernández I, Peña R, Andree KB, Tovar-Ramirez D, Bonacic K, Dumas S, Gisbert E. Ontogeny changes and weaning effects in gene expression patterns of digestive enzymes and regulatory digestive factors in spotted rose snapper (Lutjanus guttatus) larvae. Fish Physiol Biochem 2016; 42:1319-1334. [PMID: 26994907 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The study of digestive physiology is an important issue in species that have been introduced in aquaculture like the spotted rose snapper (Lutjanus guttatus). The aims of this study were to describe the expression of digestive enzymes (trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, α-amylase, lipoprotein lipase, phospholipase A and pepsinogen) and their relation with orexigenic (neuropeptide Y, NPY) and anorexigenic (cholecystokinin, CCK) factors during the larval development and to evaluate the effect of weaning in their expression. The results showed that the transcripts of all the assayed digestive enzymes, with the exception of pepsinogen, and NPY and CCK were already present in L. guttatus from the hatching stage. The expression of all the enzymes was low during the yolk-sac stage (0-2 days after hatching, DAH), whereas after the onset of exogenous feeding at 2 DAH, their expression increased and fluctuated throughout larval development, which followed a similar pattern as in other marine fish species and reflected changes in different types of food items and the progressive maturation of the digestive system. On the other hand, weaning of L. guttatus larvae from live prey onto a microdiet between 25 and 35 DAH significantly affected the relative expression of most pancreatic digestive enzymes during the first weaning days, whereas chymotrypsinogen 2 and lipoprotein lipase remained stable during this period. At the end of co-feeding, larvae showed similar levels of gene expression regardless of the diet (live prey vs. microdiet), which indicated that larvae of L. guttatus were able to adapt their digestive capacities to the microdiet. In contrast, feeding L. guttatus larvae with live feed or microdiet did not affect the expression of CCK and NPY. The relevance of these findings with regard to current larval rearing procedures of L. guttatus is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Moguel-Hernández
- Unidad Piloto de Maricultivos, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 23096, La Paz, BCS, Mexico
| | - R Peña
- Unidad Piloto de Maricultivos, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 23096, La Paz, BCS, Mexico.
| | - K B Andree
- Unitat de Cultius Aqüícoles, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), IRTA-SRC, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - D Tovar-Ramirez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada y Genómica Funcional, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, BCS, Mexico
| | - K Bonacic
- Unitat de Cultius Aqüícoles, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), IRTA-SRC, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - S Dumas
- Unidad Piloto de Maricultivos, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 23096, La Paz, BCS, Mexico
| | - E Gisbert
- Unitat de Cultius Aqüícoles, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), IRTA-SRC, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
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Liu C, Zheng G, Zhang Y, Tang X, Song K, Fu J, Wang Z, Cui G, Wang Y. The radiologic, clinical results and digestive function improvement in patients with ankylosing spondylitis kyphosis after pedicle subtraction osteotomy. Spine J 2015; 15:1988-93. [PMID: 25939672 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2015.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Although there have been several reports describing the radiologic and clinical outcomes of pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with spinal kyphotic deformity, little is known about the digestive function improvement in AS kyphosis after PSO. PURPOSE The aim was to assess radiologic and clinical results and digestive function improvement in patients with AS kyphosis after PSO. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING This was a retrospective clinical study. PATIENT SAMPLE From January 2009 to July 2013, 53 patients in our department with AS kyphotic deformity who underwent PSO were reviewed. OUTCOME MEASURES The globe kyphosis (GK) was measured. A health-related quality of life included Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Scoliosis Research Society outcomes instrument-22 (SRS-22). The acreage of the abdominal median sagittal plane (AMSPA) and the minimum distance (MD) between the xiphoid process and the spine or between the abdominal wall and the spine when the abdominal wall was folded into abdomen were measured on the three-dimensional computed tomography scans. The positional changes of abdominal viscera, such as the liver, spleen, and kidney, were also measured. Digestive function assessment included weight and the food intake (FI), and the change of the defecate frequency was recorded. METHODS A paired sample t test was performed to determine the differences between the preoperative and postoperative MD, AMSPA, and weight, respectively. A paired sample t test was also performed to determine the differences between preoperative and postoperative Cobb angles and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), SRS-22 for all the patients, respectively. A paired sample t test was also performed to determine the positional changes of abdominal viscera. Description date was presented as mean±standard deviation. Additionally, an independent sample t test was performed to determine the differences between the patients (Group 1) who had defecate frequency change and the remaining patients (Group 2) for preoperative GK, age, and disease duration, respectively. An independent sample t test was also performed to determine the differences between the patients (Group A) who had obviously increased FI and the remaining patients (Group B) for preoperative GK, age, and disease duration, respectively. RESULTS All the patients had good radiologic and clinical results, postoperatively. The postoperative positions of the abdominal viscera were changed significantly. The weight, the mass of FI, and the defecate frequency were also changed significantly, postoperatively. The preoperative GK, age, and disease duration were not significantly statistical different between the patients who had defecate frequency change and the remaining patients, respectively. There were also not significantly statistical differences between the patients who had obviously increased FI and the remaining patients in preoperative age and disease duration. There was a significantly statistical difference between the patients who had obviously increased FI and the remaining patients for preoperative GK. CONCLUSIONS The single-level or two-level PSO is an effective and safe technique to correct AS kyphosis. And the conditions of extrusion of viscera by trunk flexion decreased volume of the abdominal cavity, and abnormal visceral positions were improved by the osteotomy, followed with digestive function improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital (301 Hospital), 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing, 100853, PR China
| | - Guoquan Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital (301 Hospital), 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing, 100853, PR China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital (301 Hospital), 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing, 100853, PR China.
| | - Xiangyu Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital (301 Hospital), 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing, 100853, PR China
| | - Kai Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital (301 Hospital), 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing, 100853, PR China
| | - Jun Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital (301 Hospital), 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing, 100853, PR China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital (301 Hospital), 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing, 100853, PR China
| | - Geng Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital (301 Hospital), 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing, 100853, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital (301 Hospital), 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing, 100853, PR China
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Xu JW, Li LC, Huo JG. Effect of Jianwei Xiaoshi oral liquid on digestive function of tumor patients receiving chemotherapy. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:629-632. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i4.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess the impact of Jianwei Xiaoshi oral liquid on digestive function of tumor patients receiving chemotherapy.
METHODS: Fifty-six malignant tumor patients were randomly divided into two groups: a treatment group (n = 27) and a control group (n = 29). The two groups were comparable in baseline clinical data. The treatment group was taken antiemetic drug 5-hydroxy tryptamine 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist and Jianwei Siaoshi oral liquid (10 mL each time, twice a day) routinely from the first day of chemotherapy, while the control group only received 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. The control rates of nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite were observed and compared from day 1 to day 8.
RESULTS: The total control rates of nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (73.6% vs 63.4%, 76.9% vs 66.8%, 53.7% vs 40.1%, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Jianwei Xiaoshi oral liquid has a preventive effect on nausea, vomiting and anorexia in tumor patients receiving chemotherapy.
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Jin SY, Liu YL, Xu LN, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Yang BX, Yang H, Ma TH. Cloning and characterization of porcine aquaporin 1 water channel expressed extensively in gastrointestinal system. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:1092-7. [PMID: 16534851 PMCID: PMC4087902 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i7.1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To clone and characterize the porcine aquaporins (AQPs) in the gastrointestinal system.
METHODS: A PCR-based cloning strategy and RACE were used to clone full-length AQP coding sequence from reversely transcribed pig liver cDNA. Stopped-flow light scattering and a YFP-based fluorescence method were used to measure the osmotic water permeability of erythrocytes and the stably transfected CHO cells. RT-PCR, Northern blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the gastrointestinal expression and localization of cloned AQPs. Protein expression in transfected cells and red blood cells was analyzed by Western blot.
RESULTS: An 813 bp cDNA encoding a 271 amino acid porcine aquaporin (designated pAQP1) was cloned from liver mRNA (pAQP1 has a 93% identity with human AQP1 and contains two NPA motifs conserved in AQP family, one consensus sequence for N-linked glycosylation, and one mercury-sensitive site at cysteine 191). RT-PCR analysis revealed extensive expression of pAQP1 mRNA in porcine digestive glands and gut. Northern blot showed a single 3.0 kb transcript in selected digestive organs. pAQP1 protein was localized at central lacteals of the small intestine, microvessles of salivary glands, as well as epithelium of intrahepatic bile ducts by immunoperoxydase. High osmotic water permeability that is inhibitable by HgCl2 was detected in porcine erythrocytes and CHO cells stably transfected with pAQP1 cDNA. Immunoblot analysis of porcine erythrocytes and pAQP-transfected CHO cells revealed an unglycosylated 28 ku band and larger glycosylated proteins.
CONCLUSION: pAQP1 is the first porcine aquaporin that can be molecularly identified so far. The broad distribution of pAQP1 in epithelium and endothelium of porcine digestive organs may suggest an important role of channel-mediated water transport in fluid secretion/absorption as well as in digestive function and pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ying Jin
- Membrane Channel Research Laboratory, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street,Changchun 130024, Jilin Province, China
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