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Bottini CLJ, Whiley RE, Branfireun BA, MacDougall-Shackleton SA. Effects of sublethal methylmercury and food stress on songbird energetic performance: metabolic rates, molt and feather quality. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246239. [PMID: 38856174 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Organisms regularly adjust their physiology and energy balance in response to predictable seasonal environmental changes. Stressors and contaminants have the potential to disrupt these critical seasonal transitions. No studies have investigated how simultaneous exposure to the ubiquitous toxin methylmercury (MeHg) and food stress affects birds' physiological performance across seasons. We quantified several aspects of energetic performance in song sparrows, Melospiza melodia, exposed or not to unpredictable food stress and MeHg in a 2×2 experimental design, over 3 months during the breeding season, followed by 3 months post-exposure. Birds exposed to food stress had reduced basal metabolic rate and non-significant higher factorial metabolic scope during the exposure period, and had a greater increase in lean mass throughout most of the experimental period. Birds exposed to MeHg had increased molt duration, and increased mass:length ratio of some of their primary feathers. Birds exposed to the combined food stress and MeHg treatment often had responses similar to the stress-only or MeHg-only exposure groups, suggesting these treatments affected physiological performance through different mechanisms and resulted in compensatory or independent effects. Because the MeHg and stress variables were selected in candidate models with a ΔAICc lower than 2 but the 95% confidence interval of these variables overlapped zero, we found weak support for MeHg effects on all measures except basal metabolic rate, and for food stress effects on maximum metabolic rate, factorial metabolic scope and feather mass:length ratio. This suggests that MeHg and food stress effects on these measures are statistically identified but not simple and/or were too weak to be detected via linear regression. Overall, combined exposure to ecologically relevant MeHg and unpredictable food stress during the breeding season does not appear to induce extra energetic costs for songbirds in the post-exposure period. However, MeHg effects on molt duration could carry over across multiple annual cycle stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L J Bottini
- The University of Western Ontario, Department of Biology, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
- Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6G 4W4, Canada
| | - Rebecca E Whiley
- The University of Western Ontario, Department of Biology, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
- Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6G 4W4, Canada
| | - Brian A Branfireun
- The University of Western Ontario, Department of Biology, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
- Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6G 4W4, Canada
| | - Scott A MacDougall-Shackleton
- Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6G 4W4, Canada
- The University of Western Ontario, Department of Psychology, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada
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2
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Wu NC, Alton L, Bovo RP, Carey N, Currie SE, Lighton JRB, McKechnie AE, Pottier P, Rossi G, White CR, Levesque DL. Reporting guidelines for terrestrial respirometry: Building openness, transparency of metabolic rate and evaporative water loss data. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 296:111688. [PMID: 38944270 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Respirometry is an important tool for understanding whole-animal energy and water balance in relation to the environment. Consequently, the growing number of studies using respirometry over the last decade warrants reliable reporting and data sharing for effective dissemination and research synthesis. We provide a checklist guideline on five key sections to facilitate the transparency, reproducibility, and replicability of respirometry studies: 1) materials, set up, plumbing, 2) subject conditions/maintenance, 3) measurement conditions, 4) data processing, and 5) data reporting and statistics, each with explanations and example studies. Transparency in reporting and data availability has benefits on multiple fronts. Authors can use this checklist to design and report on their study, and reviewers and editors can use the checklist to assess the reporting quality of the manuscripts they review. Improved standards for reporting will enhance the value of primary studies and will greatly facilitate the ability to carry out higher quality research syntheses to address ecological and evolutionary theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C Wu
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, New South Wales 2753, Australia.
| | - Lesley Alton
- Centre for Geometric Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia. https://twitter.com/lesley_alton
| | - Rafael P Bovo
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States. https://twitter.com/bovo_rp
| | - Nicholas Carey
- Marine Directorate for the Scottish Government, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Shannon E Currie
- Institute for Cell and Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Plz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. https://twitter.com/batsinthbelfry
| | - John R B Lighton
- Sable Systems International, North Las Vegas, NV, United States. https://twitter.com/SableSys
| | - Andrew E McKechnie
- South African Research Chair in Conservation Physiology, South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa; DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence at the FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Patrice Pottier
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. https://twitter.com/PatriceEcoEvo
| | - Giulia Rossi
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. https://twitter.com/giuliasrossi
| | - Craig R White
- Centre for Geometric Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Danielle L Levesque
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States. https://twitter.com/dl_levesque
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3
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Naug D. Metabolic scaling as an emergent outcome of variation in metabolic rate. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220495. [PMID: 38186273 PMCID: PMC10772609 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The allometric scaling of metabolic rate and what drives it are major questions in biology with a long history. Since the metabolic rate at any level of biological organization is an emergent property of its lower-level constituents, it is an outcome of the intrinsic heterogeneity among these units and the interactions among them. However, the influence of lower-level heterogeneity on system-level metabolic rate is difficult to investigate, given the tightly integrated body plan of unitary organisms. In this context, social insects such as honeybees can serve as important model systems because unlike unitary organisms, these superorganisms can be taken apart and reassembled in different configurations to study metabolic rate and its various drivers at different levels of organization. This commentary discusses the background of such an approach and how combining it with artificial selection to generate heterogeneity in metabolic rate with an analytical framework to parse out the different mechanisms that contribute to the effects of heterogeneity can contribute to the various models of metabolic scaling. Finally, the absence of the typical allometric scaling relationship among different species of honeybees is discussed as an important prospect for deciphering the role of top-down ecological factors on metabolic scaling. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolutionary significance of variation in metabolic rates'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruba Naug
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, 1878 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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4
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Glazier DS, Gjoni V. Interactive effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on metabolic rate. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220489. [PMID: 38186280 PMCID: PMC10772614 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolism energizes all biological processes, and its tempo may importantly influence the ecological success and evolutionary fitness of organisms. Therefore, understanding the broad variation in metabolic rate that exists across the living world is a fundamental challenge in biology. To further the development of a more reliable and holistic picture of the causes of this variation, we review several examples of how various intrinsic (biological) and extrinsic (environmental) factors (including body size, cell size, activity level, temperature, predation and other diverse genetic, cellular, morphological, physiological, behavioural and ecological influences) can interactively affect metabolic rate in synergistic or antagonistic ways. Most of the interactive effects that have been documented involve body size, temperature or both, but future research may reveal additional 'hub factors'. Our review highlights the complex, intimate inter-relationships between physiology and ecology, knowledge of which can shed light on various problems in both disciplines, including variation in physiological adaptations, life histories, ecological niches and various organism-environment interactions in ecosystems. We also discuss theoretical and practical implications of interactive effects on metabolic rate and provide suggestions for future research, including holistic system analyses at various hierarchical levels of organization that focus on interactive proximate (functional) and ultimate (evolutionary) causal networks. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolutionary significance of variation in metabolic rates'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vojsava Gjoni
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57609, USA
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5
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Brzęk P. What do molecular laws of life mean for species: absolute restrictions or mere suggestions? J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245849. [PMID: 37756603 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary biologists are interested in finding universal patterns of covariation between macroscopic and molecular traits. Knowledge of such laws of life can be essential for understanding the course of evolutionary processes. Molecular parameters are presumably close to fundamental limits set to all organisms by laws of physics and chemistry. Thus, laws of life that include such parameters are hypothesized to be similar at both wide interspecific levels of variation and narrower levels of intraspecific and intraindividual variation in different species. In this Commentary, I discuss examples where the significance or direction of such molecular laws of life can be compared at different levels of biological variation: (1) the membrane pacemaker theory of metabolism, (2) the correlation between variation in metabolic rate and mitochondrial efficiency and (3) the allometric scaling of metabolism. All three examples reveal that covariations within species or individuals that include molecular parameters do not always follow patterns observed between species. I conclude that limits set by molecular laws of life can be circumvented (at least to some degree) by changes in other traits, and thus, they usually do not impose strict limitations on minor within-species evolutionary changes (i.e. microevolution). I also briefly discuss some of the most promising perspectives for future studies on the universality of molecular laws of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Brzęk
- Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
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6
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Schwartz NE, McNamara MP, Orozco JM, Rashid JO, Thai AP, Garland T. Selective breeding for high voluntary exercise in mice increases maximal (V̇O2,max) but not basal metabolic rate. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245256. [PMID: 37439323 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
In general, sustained high rates of physical activity require a high maximal aerobic capacity (V̇O2,max), which may also necessitate a high basal aerobic metabolism (BMR), given that the two metabolic states are linked via shared organ systems, cellular properties and metabolic pathways. We tested the hypotheses that (a) selective breeding for high voluntary exercise in mice would elevate both V̇O2,max and BMR, and (b) these increases are accompanied by increases in the size of some internal organs (ventricle, triceps surae muscle, liver, kidney, spleen, lung, brain). We measured 72 females from generations 88 and 96 of an ongoing artificial selection experiment comprising four replicate High Runner (HR) lines bred for voluntary daily wheel-running distance and four non-selected control lines. With body mass as a covariate, HR lines as a group had significantly higher V̇O2,max (+13.6%, P<0.0001), consistent with previous studies, but BMR did not significantly differ between HR and control lines (+6.5%, P=0.181). Additionally, HR mice did not statistically differ from control mice for whole-body lean or fat mass, or for the mass of any organ collected (with body mass as a covariate). Finally, mass-independent V̇O2,max and BMR were uncorrelated (r=0.073, P=0.552) and the only statistically significant correlation with an organ mass was for V̇O2,max and ventricle mass (r=0.285, P=0.015). Overall, our results indicate that selection for a behavioral trait can yield large changes in behavior without proportional modifications to underlying morphological or physiological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Schwartz
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Monica P McNamara
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jocelyn M Orozco
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jaanam O Rashid
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Angie P Thai
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Theodore Garland
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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7
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Metcalfe NB, Bellman J, Bize P, Blier PU, Crespel A, Dawson NJ, Dunn RE, Halsey LG, Hood WR, Hopkins M, Killen SS, McLennan D, Nadler LE, Nati JJH, Noakes MJ, Norin T, Ozanne SE, Peaker M, Pettersen AK, Przybylska-Piech A, Rathery A, Récapet C, Rodríguez E, Salin K, Stier A, Thoral E, Westerterp KR, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Wojciechowski MS, Monaghan P. Solving the conundrum of intra-specific variation in metabolic rate: A multidisciplinary conceptual and methodological toolkit: New technical developments are opening the door to an understanding of why metabolic rate varies among individual animals of a species: New technical developments are opening the door to an understanding of why metabolic rate varies among individual animals of a species. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300026. [PMID: 37042115 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Researchers from diverse disciplines, including organismal and cellular physiology, sports science, human nutrition, evolution and ecology, have sought to understand the causes and consequences of the surprising variation in metabolic rate found among and within individual animals of the same species. Research in this area has been hampered by differences in approach, terminology and methodology, and the context in which measurements are made. Recent advances provide important opportunities to identify and address the key questions in the field. By bringing together researchers from different areas of biology and biomedicine, we describe and evaluate these developments and the insights they could yield, highlighting the need for more standardisation across disciplines. We conclude with a list of important questions that can now be addressed by developing a common conceptual and methodological toolkit for studies on metabolic variation in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil B Metcalfe
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jakob Bellman
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pierre Bize
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland
| | - Pierre U Blier
- Département de Biologie, Université de Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada
| | - Amélie Crespel
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Neal J Dawson
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ruth E Dunn
- Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - Lewis G Halsey
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Wendy R Hood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, USA
| | - Mark Hopkins
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Leeds University, Leeds, UK
| | - Shaun S Killen
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Darryl McLennan
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lauren E Nadler
- Ocean and Earth Science, NOC, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Julie J H Nati
- Ocean Sciences Center, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada
| | - Matthew J Noakes
- School of Animal, Plant, and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tommy Norin
- DTU Aqua: National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Amanda K Pettersen
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anna Przybylska-Piech
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology & Ecology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Alann Rathery
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Récapet
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOP, Saint-Pée-sur-, Nivelle, France
| | - Enrique Rodríguez
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Karine Salin
- IFREMER, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Laboratory of Environmental Marine Sciences, Plouzané, France
| | - Antoine Stier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Elisa Thoral
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Klaas R Westerterp
- Department of Nutrition & Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michał S Wojciechowski
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology & Ecology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Pat Monaghan
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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8
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Nafstad ÅM, Rønning B, Aase K, Ringsby TH, Hagen IJ, Ranke PS, Kvalnes T, Stawski C, Räsänen K, Saether BE, Muff S, Jensen H. Spatial variation in the evolutionary potential and constraints of basal metabolic rate and body mass in a wild bird. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:650-662. [PMID: 36811205 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
An organism's energy budget is strongly related to resource consumption, performance, and fitness. Hence, understanding the evolution of key energetic traits, such as basal metabolic rate (BMR), in natural populations is central for understanding life-history evolution and ecological processes. Here we used quantitative genetic analyses to study evolutionary potential of BMR in two insular populations of the house sparrow (Passer domesticus). We obtained measurements of BMR and body mass (Mb ) from 911 house sparrows on the islands of Leka and Vega along the coast of Norway. These two populations were the source populations for translocations to create an additional third, admixed 'common garden' population in 2012. With the use of a novel genetic group animal model concomitant with a genetically determined pedigree, we differentiate genetic and environmental sources of variation, thereby providing insight into the effects of spatial population structure on evolutionary potential. We found that the evolutionary potential of BMR was similar in the two source populations, whereas the Vega population had a somewhat higher evolutionary potential of Mb than the Leka population. BMR was genetically correlated with Mb in both populations, and the conditional evolutionary potential of BMR (independent of body mass) was 41% (Leka) and 53% (Vega) lower than unconditional estimates. Overall, our results show that there is potential for BMR to evolve independently of Mb , but that selection on BMR and/or Mb may have different evolutionary consequences in different populations of the same species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ådne M Nafstad
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bernt Rønning
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Teacher Education, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kenneth Aase
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Mathematical Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thor Harald Ringsby
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingerid J Hagen
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Trondheim, Norway.,Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Peter S Ranke
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thomas Kvalnes
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Clare Stawski
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Katja Räsänen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylän, Finland
| | - Bernt-Erik Saether
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stefanie Muff
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Mathematical Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Henrik Jensen
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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9
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Energy expenditure and body composition in a hibernator, the alpine marmot. J Comp Physiol B 2023; 193:135-143. [PMID: 36335482 PMCID: PMC9852207 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-022-01466-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Visceral organs and tissues of 89 free-living alpine marmots (Marmota marmota) shot during a population control program in Switzerland, were collected. Between emergence from hibernation in April to July, the gastrointestinal tract (stomach to colon) gained 51% of mass and the liver mass increased by 24%. At the same time, the basal metabolic rate (BMR), determined with a portable oxygen analyzer, increased by 18%. The organ masses of the digestive system (stomach, small intestine, caecum, large intestine) were all significantly correlated with BMR. Interestingly, the mass of abdominal white adipose tissue (WAT) and of the remaining carcass (mainly skin and bones) were also significantly correlated with BMR. These results indicate that the gastrointestinal tract and organs involved in digestive function are metabolically expensive. They also show that it is costly to maintain even tissues with low metabolic rate such as WAT, especially if they are large. Heart and kidneys and especially brain and lungs did not explain a large proportion of the variance in BMR. Marmots increased the uptake of fat prior to hibernation, both by selective feeding and enhanced gastrointestinal capacity. Large fat reserves enable marmots to hibernate without food intake and to reproduce in spring, but at the cost of an elevated BMR. We predict that climate changes that disturb energy accumulation in summer, increase energy expenditure in winter, or delay the emergence from hibernation in spring, such as the occurrence of storms with increasing frequency, will increase mortality in alpine marmots.
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10
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Maciak S. Cell size, body size and Peto's paradox. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:142. [PMID: 36513976 PMCID: PMC9746147 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is one of the leading health concerns afflicting presumably every single animal species, including humans. Currently, cancer research expands considerably beyond medicine, becoming a focus in other branches of natural science. Accumulating evidence suggests that a proportional scale of tumor deaths involves domestic and wild animals and poses economical or conservation threats to many species. Therefore, understanding the genetic and physiological mechanisms of cancer initiation and its progression is essential for our future action and contingent prevention. From this perspective, I used an evolutionary-based approach to re-evaluate the baseline for debate around Peto's paradox. First, I review the background of information on which current understanding of Peto's paradox and evolutionary concept of carcinogenesis have been founded. The weak points and limitations of theoretical modeling or indirect reasoning in studies based on intraspecific, comparative studies of carcinogenesis are highlighted. This is then followed by detail discussion of an effect of the body mass in cancer research and the importance of cell size in consideration of body architecture; also, I note to the ambiguity around cell size invariance hypothesis and hard data for variability of cell size across species are provided. Finally, I point to the new research area that is driving concepts to identify exact molecular mechanisms promoting the process of tumorigenesis, which in turn may provide a proximate explanation of Peto's paradox. The novelty of the approach proposed therein lies in intraspecies testing of the effect of differentiation of cell size/number on the probability of carcinogenesis while controlling for the confounding effect of body mass/size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Maciak
- grid.25588.320000 0004 0620 6106Department of Evolutionary and Physiological Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, K. Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
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11
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Associations between Intra-Assessment Resting Metabolic Rate Variability and Health-Related Factors. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121218. [PMID: 36557256 PMCID: PMC9781460 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, the variation in resting metabolic rate (RMR) might be associated with health-related factors, as suggested by previous studies. This study explored whether the intra-assessment RMR variability (expressed as a coefficient of variation (CV; %)) is similar in men and women and if it is similarly associated with diverse health-related factors. The RMR of 107 young, and relatively healthy adults, was assessed using indirect calorimetry. Then, the CV for volumes of oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and resting energy expenditure (REE) were computed as indicators of intra-assessment RMR variability. Body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (peak VO2 uptake), circulating cardiometabolic risk factors, and heart rate and its variability (HR and HRV) were assessed. Men presented higher CVs for VO2, VCO2, and REE (all p ≤ 0.001) compared to women. Furthermore, in men, the intra-assessment RER variability was associated with vagal-related HRV parameters and with mean HR (standardized β = −0.36, −0.38, and 0.41, respectively; all p < 0.04). In contrast, no associations were observed in women. In conclusion, men exhibited higher variability (CVs for VO2, VCO2, and REE) compared to women. The CV for RER could be a potential marker of cardiometabolic risk in young men.
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12
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Bellot P, Dupont SM, Brischoux F, Budzinski H, Chastel O, Fritsch C, Lourdais O, Prouteau L, Rocchi S, Angelier F. Experimental Exposure to Tebuconazole Affects Metabolism and Body Condition in a Passerine Bird, the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2500-2511. [PMID: 35899983 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Triazole compounds are among the most widely used fungicides in agroecosystems to protect crops from potential fungal diseases. Triazoles are suspected to have an impact on nontarget species due to their interactions with nonfungal sterol synthesis, and wild birds are likely to be contaminated by triazole fungicides because many of them live in agroecosystems. We experimentally tested whether exposure to environmental concentrations of a triazole could alter key integrative traits (metabolic rates and body condition) of an agroecosystem sentinel species, the house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Wild-caught adult sparrows were maintained in captivity and exposed (exposed group) or not (control group) for 7 continuous months to tebuconazole through drinking water. The metabolic rates of exposed and control sparrows were then measured at two different temperatures (12 °C and 25 °C), which correspond, respectively, to the thermoregulation and thermoneutrality temperatures of this species. We found that exposed sparrows had lower resting metabolic rates (i.e., measured at thermoneutrality, 25 °C) than controls. However, the thermoregulatory metabolic rates (i.e., measured at 12 °C) did not differ between exposed and control sparrows. Although the body mass and condition were not measured at the beginning of the exposure, sparrows at the time of the metabolic measurements 7 months after the onset of such exposure had a higher body condition than controls, supporting further the idea that tebuconazole affects metabolic functions. Our study demonstrates for the first time that the use of tebuconazole can alter metabolism and could potentially lead to adverse effects in birds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2500-2511. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Bellot
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Sophie Marie Dupont
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - François Brischoux
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS-EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC Research Group, Talence, France
| | - Olivier Chastel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Clémentine Fritsch
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Olivier Lourdais
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, France
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Louise Prouteau
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, France
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS-EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC Research Group, Talence, France
| | - Steffi Rocchi
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France
| | - Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, France
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Somjee U, Shankar A, Falk JJ. Can Sex-Specific Metabolic Rates Provide Insight Into Patterns of Metabolic Scaling? Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:icac135. [PMID: 35963649 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Females and males can exhibit striking differences in body size, relative trait size, physiology and behavior. As a consequence the sexes can have very different rates of whole-body energy use, or converge on similar rates through different physiological mechanisms. Yet many studies that measure the relationship between metabolic rate and body size only pay attention to a single sex (more often males), or do not distinguish between sexes. We present four reasons why explicit attention to energy-use between the sexes can yield insight into the physiological mechanisms that shape broader patterns of metabolic scaling in nature. First, the sexes often differ considerably in their relative investment in reproduction which shapes much of life-history and rates of energy use. Second, males and females share a majority of their genome but may experience different selective pressures. Sex-specific energy profiles can reveal how the energetic needs of individuals are met despite the challenge of within-species genetic constraints. Third, sexual selection often pushes growth and behavior to physiological extremes. Exaggerated sexually selected traits are often most prominent in one sex, can comprise up to 50% of body mass and thus provide opportunities to uncover energetic constraints of trait growth and maintenance. Finally, sex-differences in behavior such as mating-displays, long-distance dispersal and courtship can lead to drastically different energy allocation among the sexes; the physiology to support this behavior can shape patterns of metabolic scaling. The mechanisms underlying metabolic scaling in females, males and hermaphroditic animals can provide opportunities to develop testable predictions that enhance our understanding of energetic scaling patterns in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummat Somjee
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama
- University of Texas, Austin, TX
| | | | - Jay J Falk
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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How Metabolic Rate Relates to Cell Size. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081106. [PMID: 35892962 PMCID: PMC9332559 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The metabolic conversion of resources into living structures and processes is fundamental to all living systems. The rate of metabolism (‘fire of life’) is critical for supporting the rates of various biological processes (‘pace of life’), but why it varies considerably within and among species is little understood. Much of this variation is related to body size, but such ‘metabolic scaling’ relationships also vary extensively. Numerous explanations have been offered, but no consensus has yet been reached. Here, I critically review explanations concerning how cell size and number and their establishment by cell expansion and multiplication may affect metabolic rate and its scaling with body mass. Numerous lines of evidence suggest that cell size and growth can affect metabolic rate at any given body mass, as well as how it changes with increasing body mass during growth or evolution. Mechanisms causing negative associations between cell size and metabolic rate may involve reduced resource supply and/or demand in larger cells, but more research is needed. A cell-size perspective not only helps to explain some (but not all) variation in metabolic rate and its body-mass scaling, but may also foster the conceptual integration of studies of ontogenetic development and body-mass scaling. Abstract Metabolic rate and its covariation with body mass vary substantially within and among species in little understood ways. Here, I critically review explanations (and supporting data) concerning how cell size and number and their establishment by cell expansion and multiplication may affect metabolic rate and its scaling with body mass. Cell size and growth may affect size-specific metabolic rate, as well as the vertical elevation (metabolic level) and slope (exponent) of metabolic scaling relationships. Mechanistic causes of negative correlations between cell size and metabolic rate may involve reduced resource supply and/or demand in larger cells, related to decreased surface area per volume, larger intracellular resource-transport distances, lower metabolic costs of ionic regulation, slower cell multiplication and somatic growth, and larger intracellular deposits of metabolically inert materials in some tissues. A cell-size perspective helps to explain some (but not all) variation in metabolic rate and its body-mass scaling and thus should be included in any multi-mechanistic theory attempting to explain the full diversity of metabolic scaling. A cell-size approach may also help conceptually integrate studies of the biological regulation of cellular growth and metabolism with those concerning major transitions in ontogenetic development and associated shifts in metabolic scaling.
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15
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Brzęk P, Roussel D, Konarzewski M. Mice selected for a high basal metabolic rate evolved larger guts but not more efficient mitochondria. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220719. [PMID: 35858057 PMCID: PMC9277295 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-specific variation in both the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and mitochondrial efficiency (the amount of ATP produced per unit of oxygen consumed) has profound evolutionary and ecological consequences. However, the functional mechanisms responsible for this variation are not fully understood. Mitochondrial efficiency is negatively correlated with BMR at the interspecific level but it is positively correlated with performance capacity at the intra-specific level. This discrepancy is surprising, as theories explaining the evolution of endothermy assume a positive correlation between BMR and performance capacity. Here, we quantified mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation activity and efficiency in two lines of laboratory mice divergently selected for either high (H-BMR) or low (L-BMR) levels of BMR. H-BMR mice had larger livers and kidneys (organs that are important predictors of BMR). H-BMR mice also showed higher oxidative phosphorylation activity in liver mitochondria but this difference can be hypothesized to be a direct effect of selection only if the heritability of this trait is low. However, mitochondrial efficiency in all studied organs did not differ between the two lines. We conclude that the rapid evolution of BMR can reflect changes in organ size rather than mitochondrial properties, and does not need to be accompanied obligatorily by changes in mitochondrial efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Brzęk
- Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Damien Roussel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5023 LEHNA, CNRS, ENTPE, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marek Konarzewski
- Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
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16
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Rees BB, Reemeyer JE, Irving BA. Interindividual variation in maximum aerobic metabolism varies with gill morphology and myocardial bioenergetics. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:275636. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study asked whether interindividual variation in maximum and standard aerobic metabolic rates of the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, correlate with gill morphology and cardiac mitochondrial bioenergetics, traits reflecting critical steps in the O2 transport cascade from the environment to the tissues. Maximum metabolic rate (MMR) was positively related to body mass, total gill filament length, and myocardial oxygen consumption during maximum oxidative phosphorylation (multiple R2=0.836). Standard metabolic rate (SMR) was positively related to body mass, total gill filament length, and myocardial oxygen consumption during maximum electron transport system activity (multiple R2=0.717). After controlling for body mass, individuals with longer gill filaments, summed over all gill arches, or greater cardiac respiratory capacity had higher whole-animal metabolic rates. The overall model fit and the explanatory power of individual predictor variables were better for MMR than for SMR, suggesting that gill morphology and myocardial bioenergetics are more important in determining active rather than resting metabolism. After accounting for body mass, heart ventricle mass was not related to variation in MMR or SMR, indicating that the quality of the heart (i.e., the capacity for mitochondrial metabolism) was more influential than heart size. Finally, the myocardial oxygen consumption required to offset the dissipation of the transmembrane proton gradient in the absence of ATP synthesis was not correlated with either MMR or SMR. The results support the idea that interindividual variation in aerobic metabolism, particularly maximum metabolic rate, is associated with variation in specific steps in the O2 transport cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard B. Rees
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Jessica E. Reemeyer
- 2 Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Brian A. Irving
- 3 School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- 4 Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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17
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Careau V, Glazier DS. A quantitative genetics perspective on the body-mass scaling of metabolic rate. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:274354. [PMID: 35258615 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Widely observed allometric scaling (log-log slope<1) of metabolic rate (MR) with body mass (BM) in animals has been frequently explained using functional mechanisms, but rarely studied from the perspective of multivariate quantitative genetics. This is unfortunate, given that the additive genetic slope (bA) of the MR-BM relationship represents the orientation of the 'line of least genetic resistance' along which MR and BM may most likely evolve. Here, we calculated bA in eight species. Although most bA values were within the range of metabolic scaling exponents reported in the literature, uncertainty of each bA estimate was large (only one bA was significantly lower than 3/4 and none were significantly different from 2/3). Overall, the weighted average for bA (0.667±0.098 95% CI) is consistent with the frequent observation that metabolic scaling exponents are negatively allometric in animals (b<1). Although bA was significantly positively correlated with the phenotypic scaling exponent (bP) across the sampled species, bP was usually lower than bA, as reflected in a (non-significantly) lower weighted average for bP (0.596±0.100). This apparent discrepancy between bA and bP resulted from relatively shallow MR-BM scaling of the residuals [weighted average residual scaling exponent (be)=0.503±0.128], suggesting regression dilution (owing to measurement error and within-individual variance) causing a downward bias in bP. Our study shows how the quantification of the genetic scaling exponent informs us about potential constraints on the correlated evolution of MR and BM, and by doing so has the potential to bridge the gap between micro- and macro-evolutionary studies of scaling allometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Careau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5
| | - Douglas S Glazier
- Department of Biology, Juniata College, 1700 Moore Street, Huntingdon, PA 16652, USA
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18
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Treidel LA, Quintanilla Ramirez GS, Chung DJ, Menze MA, Vázquez-Medina JP, Williams CM. Selection on dispersal drives evolution of metabolic capacities for energy production in female wing-polymorphic sand field crickets, Gryllus firmus. J Evol Biol 2022; 35:599-609. [PMID: 35255175 PMCID: PMC9311679 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Life history and metabolism covary, but the mechanisms and individual traits responsible for these linkages remain unresolved. Dispersal capability is a critical component of life history that is constrained by metabolic capacities for energy production. Conflicting relationships between metabolism and life histories may be explained by accounting for variation in dispersal and maximal metabolic rates. We used female wing-polymorphic sand field crickets, Gryllus firmus, selected either for long wings (LW, flight-capable) or short wings (SW, flightless) to test the hypothesis that selection on dispersal capability drives the evolution of metabolic capacities. While resting metabolic rates were similar, long-winged crickets reached higher maximal metabolic rates than short-winged crickets, resulting in improved running performance. We further provided insight into the mechanisms responsible for covariation between life history and metabolism by comparing mitochondrial content of tissues involved in powering locomotion and assessing the function of mitochondria isolated from long- and short-winged crickets. Our results demonstrated that larger metabolic capacities in long-winged crickets were underpinned by increases in mitochondrial content of dorsoventral flight muscle and enhanced bioenergetic capacities of mitochondria within the fat body, a tissue responsible for fuel storage and mobilization. Thus, selection on flight capability correlates with increases in maximal, but not resting metabolic rates, through modifications of tissues powering locomotion at the cellular and organelle levels. This allows organisms to meet high energetic demands of activity for life history. Dispersal capability should therefore explicitly be considered as a potential factor driving the evolution of metabolic capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Treidel
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Dillon J Chung
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael A Menze
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - José P Vázquez-Medina
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Caroline M Williams
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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19
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Holden KG, Hedrick AR, Gangloff EJ, Hall SJ, Bronikowski AM. Temperature-dependence of metabolism and fuel selection from cells to whole organisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 337:199-205. [PMID: 34855309 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Temperature affects nearly every aspect of how organisms interact with and are constrained by their environment. Measures of organismal energetics, such as metabolic rate, are highly temperature-dependent and governed through temperature effects on rates of biochemical reactions. Characterizing the relationships among levels of biological organization can lend insight into how temperature affects whole-organism function. We tested the temperature dependence of cellular oxygen consumption and its relationship to whole-animal metabolic rate in garter snakes (Thamnophis elegans). Additionally, we tested whether thermal responses were linked to shifts in the fuel source oxidized to support metabolism with the use of carbon stable isotopes. Our results demonstrate temperature dependence of metabolic rates across levels of biological organization. Cellular (basal, adenosine triphosphate-linked) and whole-animal rates of respiration increased with temperature but were not correlated within or among individuals, suggesting that variation in whole-animal metabolic rates is not due simply to variation at the cellular level, but rather other interacting factors across scales of biological organization. Counter to trends observed during fasting, elevated temperature did not alter fuel selection (i.e., natural-abundance stable carbon isotope composition in breath, δ13 Cbreath ). This consistency suggests the maintenance and oxidation of a single fuel source supporting metabolism across a broad range of metabolic demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn G Holden
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Ashley R Hedrick
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Eric J Gangloff
- Department of Zoology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven J Hall
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Anne M Bronikowski
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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20
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Burridge K, Christensen SM, Golden A, Ingersoll AB, Tondt J, Bays HE. Obesity history, physical exam, laboratory, body composition, and energy expenditure: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2022; 1:100007. [PMID: 37990700 PMCID: PMC10661987 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2021.100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) on History, Physical Exam, Body Composition and Energy Expenditure is intended to provide clinicians an overview of the clinical and diagnostic evaluation of patients with pre-obesity/obesity. Methods The scientific information for this CPS is based upon published scientific citations, clinical perspectives of OMA authors, and peer review by the Obesity Medicine Association leadership. Results This CPS outlines important components of medical, dietary, and physical activity history as well as physical exams, with a focus on specific aspects unique to managing patients with pre-obesity or obesity. Patients with pre-obesity/obesity benefit from the same preventive care and general laboratory testing as those without an increase in body fat. In addition, patients with pre-obesity/obesity may benefit from adiposity-specific diagnostic testing - both generally and individually - according to patient presentation and clinical judgment. Body composition testing, such as dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, bioelectrical impedance, and other measures, each have their own advantages and disadvantages. Some patients in clinical research, and perhaps even clinical practice, may benefit from an assessment of energy expenditure. This can be achieved by several methods including direct calorimetry, indirect calorimetry, doubly labeled water, or estimated by equations. Finally, a unifying theme regarding the etiology of pre-obesity/obesity and effectiveness of treatments of obesity centers on the role of biologic and behavior efficiencies and inefficiencies, with efficiencies more often associated with increases in fat mass and inefficiencies more often associated with decreases in fat mass. Conclusion The Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) on History, Physical Exam, Body Composition and Energy Expenditure is one of a series of OMA CPSs designed to assist clinicians in the care of patients with the disease of pre-obesity/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn Burridge
- Gaining Health, 528 Pennsylvania Ave #708 Glen Ellyn, IL 60137, USA
| | - Sandra M. Christensen
- Integrative Medical Weight Management, 2611 NE 125th St., Suite 100B, Seattle, WA, 98125, USA
| | - Angela Golden
- NP Obesity Treatment Clinic and NP from Home, LLC, PO Box 25959, Munds Park, AZ, 86017, USA
| | - Amy B. Ingersoll
- Enara Health, 3050 S. Delaware Street, Suite 130, San Mateo, CA, 94403, USA
| | - Justin Tondt
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, P.O. Box 1980, Norfolk, VA, 23501, USA
| | - Harold E. Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, 3288 Illinois Avenue, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, USA
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21
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Menzies A, Studd EK, Seguin JL, Derbyshire RE, Murray D, Boutin S, Humphries MM. Activity, heart rate, and energy expenditure of a cold-climate mesocarnivore, the Canada lynx. CAN J ZOOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2021-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The energetic consequences of body size, behaviour, and fine-scale environmental variation remain understudied, particularly among free-ranging carnivores, due to logistical and methodological challenges of studying them in the field. Here, we present novel activity, heart rate, and metabolic data on free-ranging Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis Kerr, 1792) to a) investigate intraspecific patterns of energy expenditure, particularly how they relate to body size, environmental conditions, and activity variation, and b) position lynx - a cold-climate, mesocarnivore - within interspecific allometries of carnivore energetics. Lynx demonstrated limited behavioural and metabolic responses to environmental conditions, despite extreme cold and moderate snow depths during our study, but marked body size patterns with larger lynx having higher activity and lower resting heart rate than smaller lynx. Compared to similar-sized carnivores, lynx were less active and had lower heart rate, likely due to their ambush hunting style, but higher energy expenditure, likely due to their cold-climate existence and access to abundant prey. Overall, lynx were more similar to other ambush hunters than to sympatric cold-climate species and mesocarnivores. Our data provide insight into the relative importance of abiotic and biotic drivers of carnivore energetics and the ways in which predators maintain energy balance in variable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson Menzies
- University of Guelph School of Environmental Sciences, 170218, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | | | - Jacob Luc Seguin
- Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachael Elizabeth Derbyshire
- Trent University, Biology, DNA B 108.8, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, K9L 0G2,
- 204-180 Edingburgh St.Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, K9H 3E2,
| | - D.L. Murray
- Departments of Biology and Environmental, Studies, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, K9J 7B8
| | - Stan Boutin
- University of Alberta, Department of Biological Sciences, Cw405 Biological Sciences, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E9
| | - Murray M Humphries
- McGill University, Natural Resource Sciences, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste-Ane-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada, H9X 3V9
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22
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Mugel S, Naug D. Metabolic rate diversity shapes group performance in honeybees. Am Nat 2022; 199:E156-E169. [DOI: 10.1086/719013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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23
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Biro PA, Thomas F, Ujvari B, Beckmann C. A novel perspective suggesting high sustained energy expenditure may be net protective against cancer. Evol Med Public Health 2022; 10:170-176. [PMID: 35498120 PMCID: PMC9040660 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Energy expenditure (EE) is generally viewed as tumorigenic, due to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage cells and DNA. On this basis, individuals within a species that sustain high EE should be more likely to develop cancer. Here, we argue the opposite, that high EE may be net protective effect against cancer, despite high ROS production. This is possible because individuals that sustain high EE have a greater energetic capacity (=greater energy acquisition, expenditure and ability to up-regulate output), and can therefore allocate energy to multiple cancer-fighting mechanisms with minimal energetic trade-offs. Our review finds that individuals sustaining high EE have greater antioxidant production, lower oxidative stress, greater immune function and lower cancer incidence. Our hypothesis and literature review suggest that EE may indeed be net protective against cancer, and that individual variation in energetic capacity may be a key mechanism to understand the highly individual nature of cancer risk in contemporary human populations and laboratory animals.
Lay summary The process of expending energy generates reactive oxygen species that can lead to oxidative stress, cell and DNA damage, and the accumulation of this damage is thought to be a major contributor to many ageing related diseases that include cancer. Here, we challenge this view, proposing how and why high energy expenditure (EE) may actually be net protective against cancer, and provide literature support for our hypothesis. We find individuals with high sustained EE have greater energetic capacity and thus can invest more in repair to counter oxidative stress, and more in immune function, both of which reduce cancer risk. Our hypothesis provides a novel mechanism to understand the highly individual nature of cancer, why taller individuals are more at risk, why physically active individuals have lower cancer risk, and why regular exercise can reduce cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Biro
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
- Corresponding author. Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia. Tel: +61 434 8569 921; E-mail:
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
| | - Christa Beckmann
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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Douhard F, Douhard M, Gilbert H, Monget P, Gaillard J, Lemaître J. How much energetic trade-offs limit selection? Insights from livestock and related laboratory model species. Evol Appl 2021; 14:2726-2749. [PMID: 34950226 PMCID: PMC8674892 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trade-offs between life history traits are expected to occur due to the limited amount of resources that organisms can obtain and share among biological functions, but are of least concern for selection responses in nutrient-rich or benign environments. In domestic animals, selection limits have not yet been reached despite strong selection for higher meat, milk or egg yields. Yet, negative genetic correlations between productivity traits and health or fertility traits have often been reported, supporting the view that trade-offs do occur in the context of nonlimiting resources. The importance of allocation mechanisms in limiting genetic changes can thus be questioned when animals are mostly constrained by their time to acquire and process energy rather than by feed availability. Selection for high productivity traits early in life should promote a fast metabolism with less energy allocated to self-maintenance (contributing to soma preservation and repair). Consequently, the capacity to breed shortly after an intensive period of production or to remain healthy should be compromised. We assessed those predictions in mammalian and avian livestock and related laboratory model species. First, we surveyed studies that compared energy allocation to maintenance between breeds or lines of contrasting productivity but found little support for the occurrence of an energy allocation trade-off. Second, selection experiments for lower feed intake per unit of product (i.e. higher feed efficiency) generally resulted in reduced allocation to maintenance, but this did not entail fitness costs in terms of survival or future reproduction. These findings indicate that the consequences of a particular selection in domestic animals are much more difficult to predict than one could anticipate from the energy allocation framework alone. Future developments to predict the contribution of time constraints and trade-offs to selection limits will be insightful to breed livestock in increasingly challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathieu Douhard
- Laboratoire de Biométrie & Biologie EvolutiveCNRSUMR 5558Université Lyon 1VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Hélène Gilbert
- GenPhySEINRAEENVTUniversité de ToulouseCastanet‐TolosanFrance
| | | | - Jean‐Michel Gaillard
- Laboratoire de Biométrie & Biologie EvolutiveCNRSUMR 5558Université Lyon 1VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Jean‐François Lemaître
- Laboratoire de Biométrie & Biologie EvolutiveCNRSUMR 5558Université Lyon 1VilleurbanneFrance
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25
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Schmidt CA, Fisher-Wellman KH, Neufer PD. From OCR and ECAR to energy: Perspectives on the design and interpretation of bioenergetics studies. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101140. [PMID: 34461088 PMCID: PMC8479256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological energy transduction underlies all physiological phenomena in cells. The metabolic systems that support energy transduction have been of great interest due to their association with numerous pathologies including diabetes, cancer, rare genetic diseases, and aberrant cell death. Commercially available bioenergetics technologies (e.g., extracellular flux analysis, high-resolution respirometry, fluorescent dye kits, etc.) have made practical assessment of metabolic parameters widely accessible. This has facilitated an explosion in the number of studies exploring, in particular, the biological implications of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and substrate level phosphorylation via glycolysis (i.e., via extracellular acidification rate (ECAR)). Though these technologies have demonstrated substantial utility and broad applicability to cell biology research, they are also susceptible to historical assumptions, experimental limitations, and other caveats that have led to premature and/or erroneous interpretations. This review enumerates various important considerations for designing and interpreting cellular and mitochondrial bioenergetics experiments, some common challenges and pitfalls in data interpretation, and some potential "next steps" to be taken that can address these highlighted challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron A Schmidt
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Departments of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Departments of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Departments of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.
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26
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Somjee U, Powell EC, Hickey AJ, Harrison JF, Painting CJ. Exaggerated sexually selected weapons maintained with disproportionately low metabolic costs in a single species with extreme size variation. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ummat Somjee
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Panama
| | - Erin C. Powell
- School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Entomology and Nematology Department University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Anthony J. Hickey
- School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | | | - Christina J. Painting
- School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Te Aka Mātuatua School of Science University of Waikato Auckland New Zealand
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27
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Giery ST, Drake DL, Urban MC. Microgeographic evolution of metabolic physiology in a salamander metapopulation. Ecology 2021; 102:e03488. [PMID: 34292592 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The Metabolic Theory of Ecology explains ecological variation spanning taxonomic organization, space, and time based on universal physiological relationships. The theory depends on two core parameters: the normalization constant, a mass-independent measure of metabolic rate expected to be invariant among similar species, and the scaling coefficient, a measure of metabolic change with body mass commonly assumed to follow the universal 3/4 scaling law. However, emerging evidence for adaptive microevolution of metabolic rates led us to hypothesize that metabolic rate might exhibit evolved variation among populations on microgeographic scales. To evaluate our hypothesis, we explored evidence for evolved variation in the scaling coefficient and normalization constant within a spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) metapopulation in Connecticut, USA. We measured standard metabolic rate in common-garden raised spotted salamanders from 22 different populations and tested for the effects of six ecological variables suspected in advance to select for divergent physiology. We found that metabolic rate rose with body mass with a log-log slope of 0.97 that was statistically different from the expected 3/4 scaling law. Although we found no evidence for interpopulation variation in the scaling coefficient, we found evidence for interpopulation variation in the normalization constants among populations. Metabolic variation was best explained by differences in population density among ponds. Our results provide mixed support for Metabolic Theory of Ecology assumptions about parameter invariance and illustrate how fundamental physiological processes such as metabolic rate can evolve across microgeographic spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Giery
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Center of Biological Risk, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA.,Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Dana L Drake
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Center of Biological Risk, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA
| | - Mark C Urban
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Center of Biological Risk, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA
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28
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Wright T, Davis RW, Pearson HC, Murray M, Sheffield-Moore M. Skeletal muscle thermogenesis enables aquatic life in the smallest marine mammal. Science 2021; 373:223-225. [PMID: 34244415 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf4557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Basal metabolic rate generally scales with body mass in mammals, and variation from predicted levels indicates adaptive metabolic remodeling. As a thermogenic adaptation for living in cool water, sea otters have a basal metabolic rate approximately three times that of the predicted rate; however, the tissue-level source of this hypermetabolism is unknown. Because skeletal muscle is a major determinant of whole-body metabolism, we characterized respiratory capacity and thermogenic leak in sea otter muscle. Compared with that of previously sampled mammals, thermogenic muscle leak capacity was elevated and could account for sea otter hypermetabolism. Muscle respiratory capacity was modestly elevated and reached adult levels in neonates. Premature metabolic development and high leak rate indicate that sea otter muscle metabolism is regulated by thermogenic demand and is the source of basal hypermetabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traver Wright
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Randall W Davis
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Heidi C Pearson
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Alaska Southeast, Juneau, AK, USA.,College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK, USA
| | | | - Melinda Sheffield-Moore
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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29
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Rodde C, de Verdal H, Vandeputte M, Allal F, Nati J, Besson M, Blasco FR, Benzie JAH, McKenzie DJ. An investigation of links between metabolic rate and feed efficiency in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:skab152. [PMID: 33966070 PMCID: PMC8219042 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed efficiency (FE) is the amount of body weight gain for a given feed intake. Improving FE through selective breeding is key for sustainable finfish aquaculture but its evaluation at individual level is technically challenging. We therefore investigated whether individual routine metabolic rate (RMR) was a predictor of individual FE in the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax, a major species in European mariculture. The European sea bass has three genetically distinct populations across its geographical range, namely Atlantic (AT), West Mediterranean (WM), and East Mediterranean (EM). We compared FE and RMR of fish from these three populations at 18 or 24 °C. We held 200 fish (62 AT, 66 WM, and 72 EM) in individual aquaria and fed them from ad libitum down to fasting. FI was assessed for an ad libitum feeding rate and for a fixed restricted ration (1% of metabolic body weight·day-1, with metabolic body weight = body weight0.8). After being refed 12 wk in a common tank, individual RMR was measured over 36 h by intermittent flow respirometry. There was a significant effect of temperature whereby fish at 18 °C had greater mean FE (P < 0.05) and lower RMR (P < 0.001). There was also a significant effect of population, where AT fish had lower FE (P < 0.05) and greater RMR (P < 0.001) than WM and EM, at both temperatures. Despite these differences in temperature and population means, individual FE and RMR were not significantly correlated (P > 0.05). Therefore, although the results provide evidence of an association between metabolic rate and FE, RMR was not a predictor of individual FE, for reasons that require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Rodde
- CIRAD, UMR ISEM, 34398 Montpellier, France
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 34095 Montpellier, France
- Worldfish, Jalan Batu Maung, Bayan Lepas, 11960 Penang, Malaysia
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34250 Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - Hugues de Verdal
- CIRAD, UMR ISEM, 34398 Montpellier, France
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Vandeputte
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34250 Palavas-les-Flots, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - François Allal
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34250 Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - Julie Nati
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34250 Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - Mathieu Besson
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34250 Palavas-les-Flots, France
- SYSAAF Section Aquacole, Campus de Beaulieu, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Felipe R Blasco
- Laboratório de Zoofisiologia e Bioquímica Comparativa, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brasil
| | - John A H Benzie
- Worldfish, Jalan Batu Maung, Bayan Lepas, 11960 Penang, Malaysia
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - David J McKenzie
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34250 Palavas-les-Flots, France
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30
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Bao MH, Xu XM, Huo DL, Cao J, Zhao ZJ. The effect of aggression II: Acclimation to a high ambient temperature reduces territorial aggression in male striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis). Horm Behav 2021; 132:104993. [PMID: 33991799 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.104993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones have a profound influence on development, cellular differentiation and metabolism, and are also suspected of playing a role in aggression. We measured territorial aggression, body temperature (Tb) and serum thyroid hormones levels of male striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) acclimated to either cold (5 °C), cool (21 °C) or hot (34 °C) ambient temperatures. The effects of methimazole on territorial aggression, food intake, metabolic rate and serum thyroid hormone levels, were also examined. Territorial aggression was significantly lower in male hamsters acclimated to the hot temperature compared to those acclimated to the cool or cold temperatures. Tb significantly increased during aggressive territorial interactions with intruders but did not significantly differ among the three temperature treatments. Serum T3, T4 and cortisol levels of hamsters acclimated to 34 °C were significantly lower than those acclimated to 21 °C. In addition to significantly reducing territorial aggression, treatment with methimazole also significantly reduced serum T3 and T4 levels, Tb and metabolic rate. These results suggest that exposure to high temperatures reduces the capacity of hamsters to dissipate heat causing them to lower their metabolic rate, which, in turn, causes them to reduce territorial aggression to prevent hyperthermia. The lower metabolic rate mediated by down-regulated thyroid hormones inhibits territorial aggression and could thereby determine the outcome of territorial conflicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Huan Bao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Da-Liang Huo
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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31
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Somjee U. Positive allometry of sexually selected traits: Do metabolic maintenance costs play an important role? Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000183. [PMID: 33950569 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sexual selection drives the evolution of some of the most exaggerated traits in nature. Studies on sexual selection often focus on the size of these traits relative to body size, but few focus on energetic maintenance costs of the tissues that compose them, and the ways in which these costs vary with body size. The relationships between energy use and body size have consequences that may allow large individuals to invest disproportionally more in sexually selected structures, or lead to the reduced per-gram maintenance cost of enlarged structures. Although sexually selected traits can incur energetic maintenance costs, these costs are not universally high; they are dependent on the relative mass and metabolic activity of tissues associated with them. Energetic costs of maintenance may play a pervasive yet little-explored role in shaping the relative scaling of sexually selected traits across diverse taxa. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/JyuoQIeA33Q.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummat Somjee
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
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32
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Paiola M, Moreira C, Hétru J, Duflot A, Pinto PIS, Scapigliati G, Knigge T, Monsinjon T. Prepubertal gonad investment modulates thymus function: evidence in a teleost fish. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:238091. [PMID: 33789987 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.238576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thymus plasticity following gonadectomy or sex hormone replacement has long since exemplified sex hormone effects on the immune system in mammals and, to a lesser extent, in 'lower vertebrates', including amphibians and fish. Nevertheless, the underlying physiological significances as well as the ontogenetic establishment of this crosstalk remain largely unknown. Here, we used a teleost fish, the European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, to investigate: (1) whether the regulation of thymus plasticity relies on resource trade-off with somatic growth and reproductive investment and (2) if the gonad-thymus interaction takes place during gonadal differentiation and development. Because gonadal development and, supposedly, thymus function in sea bass depend on environmental changes associated with the winter season, we evaluated thymus changes (foxn1 expression, and thymocyte and T cell content) in juvenile D. labrax raised for 1 year under either constant or fluctuating photoperiod and temperature. Importantly, in both conditions, intensive gonadal development following sex differentiation coincided with a halt of thymus growth, while somatic growth continued. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing that gonadal development during prepuberty regulates thymus plasticity. This finding may provide an explanation for the initiation of the thymus involution related to ageing in mammals. Comparing fixed and variable environmental conditions, our work also demonstrates that the extent of the effects on the thymus, which are related to reproduction, depend on ecophysiological conditions, rather than being directly related to sexual maturity and sex hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Paiola
- Normandy University, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), University of Le Havre Normandy, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Catarina Moreira
- Normandy University, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), University of Le Havre Normandy, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Julie Hétru
- Normandy University, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), University of Le Havre Normandy, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Aurélie Duflot
- Normandy University, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), University of Le Havre Normandy, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Patricia I S Pinto
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Giuseppe Scapigliati
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Thomas Knigge
- Normandy University, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), University of Le Havre Normandy, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Tiphaine Monsinjon
- Normandy University, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), University of Le Havre Normandy, 76600 Le Havre, France
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33
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Schuster L, White CR, Marshall DJ. Plastic but not adaptive: habitat‐driven differences in metabolic rate despite no differences in selection between habitats. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schuster
- Centre for Geometric Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Monash Univ. Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Craig R. White
- Centre for Geometric Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Monash Univ. Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Dustin J. Marshall
- Centre for Geometric Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Monash Univ. Melbourne VIC Australia
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34
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Vásquez-Alvarez S, Bustamante-Villagomez SK, Vazquez-Marroquin G, Porchia LM, Pérez-Fuentes R, Torres-Rasgado E, Herrera-Fomperosa O, Montes-Arana I, Gonzalez-Mejia ME. Metabolic Age, an Index Based on Basal Metabolic Rate, Can Predict Individuals That are High Risk of Developing Metabolic Syndrome. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2021; 28:263-270. [PMID: 33666897 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-021-00441-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Every 10 years, an adult's basal metabolic rate (BMR), independent of their BMI, decreases 1-2% due to skeletal muscle loss, thus decreasing an adult's energy requirement and promoting obesity. Increased obesity augments the risk of developing Metabolic Syndrome (MetS); however, an adult's healthy lifestyle, which increases BMR, can mitigate MetS development. To compare different BMRs for certain ages, Metabolic age (Met-age) was developed. AIM To assess the association between Met-age and MetS and to determine if Met-age is an indicator of high-risk individuals for MetS. METHODS Four hundred thirty-five attendees at 2 clinics agreed to participate and gave signed informed consent. MetS risk was assessed by the ESF-I questionnaire. Met-age was determined using a TANITA bio-analyzer. Strengthen of association was determined by calculating Spearman's rho and predictability was evaluated by the area-under-a-receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC). Difference-in-age (DIA) = [chronological age - Met-age]. RESULTS There was a difference between the low-risk (n = 155) and the high-risk (n = 280) groups' Met-age (37.8±16.7 v. 62.9±17.3) and DIA (1.3±17.4 v. - 10.5±20.8, p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between the ESF-I questionnaire and Met-age (rho = - 0.624, p < 0.001) and a negative correlation for DIA (rho = - 0.358, p < 0.001). Met-age was strongly predictive (AUC = 0.84, 95% CI 0.80-0.88), suggesting a 45.5 years cutoff (sensitivity = 83.2%, specificity = 72.3%). DIA was a good predictor (AUC = 0.68, 95% CI 0.63-0.74) with a - 11.5 years cutoff (sensitivity = 52.5%, specificity = 82.8%). CONCLUSION Met-age highly associated with and is an indicator of high-risk individuals for MetS. This would suggest that increases in Met-age are associated with augmented MetS severity, independent of the individual's chronological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarahi Vásquez-Alvarez
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2901 Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72420, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Sergio K Bustamante-Villagomez
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2901 Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72420, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Vazquez-Marroquin
- Facultad de nutrición, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2901 Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72420, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Leonardo M Porchia
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Fisiopatología de Enfermedades Crónicas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Delegación Puebla, Carretera Federal Atlixco-Metepec Km 4.5, C.P. 42730, Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Fuentes
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2901 Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72420, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Investigación en Fisiopatología de Enfermedades Crónicas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Delegación Puebla, Carretera Federal Atlixco-Metepec Km 4.5, C.P. 42730, Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Enrique Torres-Rasgado
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2901 Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72420, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Oscar Herrera-Fomperosa
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2901 Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72420, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ivette Montes-Arana
- Unidad de Medicina Familiar 2 (UMF-2) del IMSS, Delegación Puebla, Calle 9 Oriente 404, Colonia Centro, C.P. 72000, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - M Elba Gonzalez-Mejia
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2901 Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72420, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
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35
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Koch RE, Buchanan KL, Casagrande S, Crino O, Dowling DK, Hill GE, Hood WR, McKenzie M, Mariette MM, Noble DWA, Pavlova A, Seebacher F, Sunnucks P, Udino E, White CR, Salin K, Stier A. Integrating Mitochondrial Aerobic Metabolism into Ecology and Evolution. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:321-332. [PMID: 33436278 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biologists have long appreciated the critical role that energy turnover plays in understanding variation in performance and fitness among individuals. Whole-organism metabolic studies have provided key insights into fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes. However, constraints operating at subcellular levels, such as those operating within the mitochondria, can also play important roles in optimizing metabolism over different energetic demands and time scales. Herein, we explore how mitochondrial aerobic metabolism influences different aspects of organismal performance, such as through changing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We consider how such insights have advanced our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning key ecological and evolutionary processes, from variation in life-history traits to adaptation to changing thermal conditions, and we highlight key areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Koch
- Monash University, School of Biological Sciences, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Katherine L Buchanan
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3228, Australia
| | - Stefania Casagrande
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Evolutionary Physiology Group, Seewiesen, Eberhard-Gwinner-Str. Haus 5, 82319, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Ondi Crino
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3228, Australia
| | - Damian K Dowling
- Monash University, School of Biological Sciences, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Geoffrey E Hill
- Auburn University, Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Wendy R Hood
- Auburn University, Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Matthew McKenzie
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3228, Australia
| | - Mylene M Mariette
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3228, Australia
| | - Daniel W A Noble
- The Australian National University, Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Alexandra Pavlova
- Monash University, School of Biological Sciences, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Frank Seebacher
- University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Paul Sunnucks
- Monash University, School of Biological Sciences, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Eve Udino
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3228, Australia
| | - Craig R White
- Monash University, School of Biological Sciences, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Karine Salin
- Université de Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, Laboratory of Environmental Marine Sciences, Plouzané, 29280, France
| | - Antoine Stier
- University of Turku, Department of Biology, Turku, Finland; University of Glasgow, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Glasgow, UK
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36
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Abstract
The ability to account with precision for the quantitative variation in the basal rate of metabolism (BMR) at the species level is explored in four groups of endotherms: arvicoline rodents, ducks, melaphagid honeyeaters, and phyllostomid bats. An effective analysis requires the inclusion of the factors that distinguish species and their responses to the conditions they encounter in the environment. These factors are implemented by changes in body composition and are responsible for the non-conformity of species to a scaling curve. Two concerns may limit an analysis. The factors correlated with energy expenditure often correlate with each other, which usually prevents them from being included together in an analysis, thereby preventing a complete analysis, implying the presence of factors other than mass. Many of the relevant factors, such as food habits and an island residence, are qualitative, which complicates their inclusion in a quantitative analysis, a difficulty that is solved by ANCOVA. The precision of an analysis, based on an inclusive equation, can be determined by comparing its estimates with measurements of the performance of species. Without this comparison, the effectiveness of an analysis cannot be determined, which then simply becomes a suggestion. A proposed standard for a precise estimate is for it to be within 10% of the measured rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K. McNab
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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37
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Glazier DS, Gring JP, Holsopple JR, Gjoni V. Temperature effects on metabolic scaling of a keystone freshwater crustacean depend on fish-predation regime. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb232322. [PMID: 33037112 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.232322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
According to the metabolic theory of ecology, metabolic rate, an important indicator of the pace of life, varies with body mass and temperature as a result of internal physical constraints. However, various ecological factors may also affect metabolic rate and its scaling with body mass. Although reports of such effects on metabolic scaling usually focus on single factors, the possibility of significant interactive effects between multiple factors requires further study. In this study, we show that the effect of temperature on the ontogenetic scaling of resting metabolic rate of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus minus depends critically on habitat differences in predation regime. Increasing temperature tends to cause decreases in the metabolic scaling exponent (slope) in population samples from springs with fish predators, but increases in population samples from springs without fish. Accordingly, the temperature sensitivity of metabolic rate is not only size-specific, but also its relationship to body size shifts dramatically in response to fish predators. We hypothesize that the dampened effect of temperature on the metabolic rate of large adults in springs with fish, and of small juveniles in springs without fish are adaptive evolutionary responses to differences in the relative mortality risk of adults and juveniles in springs with versus without fish predators. Our results demonstrate a complex interaction among metabolic rate, body mass, temperature and predation regime. The intraspecific scaling of metabolic rate with body mass and temperature is not merely the result of physical constraints related to internal body design and biochemical kinetics, but rather is ecologically sensitive and evolutionarily malleable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S Glazier
- Department of Biology, Juniata College, 1700 Moore Street, Huntingdon, PA 16652, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Gring
- Department of Biology, Juniata College, 1700 Moore Street, Huntingdon, PA 16652, USA
- Coastal Resources, Inc., Annapolis, MD 21401, USA
| | - Jacob R Holsopple
- Department of Biology, Juniata College, 1700 Moore Street, Huntingdon, PA 16652, USA
| | - Vojsava Gjoni
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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38
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Archer LC, Hutton SA, Harman L, Poole WR, Gargan P, McGinnity P, Reed TE. Metabolic traits in brown trout ( Salmo trutta) vary in response to food restriction and intrinsic factors. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 8:coaa096. [PMID: 33093959 PMCID: PMC7566963 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic rates vary hugely within and between populations, yet we know relatively little about factors causing intraspecific variation. Since metabolic rate determines the energetic cost of life, uncovering these sources of variation is important to understand and forecast responses to environmental change. Moreover, few studies have examined factors causing intraspecific variation in metabolic flexibility. We explore how extrinsic environmental conditions and intrinsic factors contribute to variation in metabolic traits in brown trout, an iconic and polymorphic species that is threatened across much of its native range. We measured metabolic traits in offspring from two wild populations that naturally show life-history variation in migratory tactics (one anadromous, i.e. sea-migratory, one non-anadromous) that we reared under either optimal food or experimental conditions of long-term food restriction (lasting between 7 and 17 months). Both populations showed decreased standard metabolic rates (SMR-baseline energy requirements) under low food conditions. The anadromous population had higher maximum metabolic rate (MMR) than the non-anadromous population, and marginally higher SMR. The MMR difference was greater than SMR and consequently aerobic scope (AS) was higher in the anadromous population. MMR and AS were both higher in males than females. The anadromous population also had higher AS under low food compared to optimal food conditions, consistent with population-specific effects of food restriction on AS. Our results suggest different components of metabolic rate can vary in their response to environmental conditions, and according to intrinsic (population-background/sex) effects. Populations might further differ in their flexibility of metabolic traits, potentially due to intrinsic factors related to life history (e.g. migratory tactics). More comparisons of populations/individuals with divergent life histories will help to reveal this. Overall, our study suggests that incorporating an understanding of metabolic trait variation and flexibility and linking this to life history and demography will improve our ability to conserve populations experiencing global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise C Archer
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork T23 TK30, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland
| | - Stephen A Hutton
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork T23 TK30, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland
| | - Luke Harman
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork T23 TK30, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland
| | - W Russell Poole
- Marine Institute, Furnace, Newport, Co. Mayo F28 PF65, Ireland
| | - Patrick Gargan
- Inland Fisheries Ireland, 3044 Lake Drive, Citywest Business Campus, Dublin D24 Y265, Ireland
| | - Philip McGinnity
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork T23 TK30, Ireland
- Marine Institute, Furnace, Newport, Co. Mayo F28 PF65, Ireland
| | - Thomas E Reed
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork T23 TK30, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland
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39
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Kozłowski J, Konarzewski M, Czarnoleski M. Coevolution of body size and metabolic rate in vertebrates: a life-history perspective. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1393-1417. [PMID: 32524739 PMCID: PMC7540708 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite many decades of research, the allometric scaling of metabolic rates (MRs) remains poorly understood. Here, we argue that scaling exponents of these allometries do not themselves mirror one universal law of nature but instead statistically approximate the non-linearity of the relationship between MR and body mass. This 'statistical' view must be replaced with the life-history perspective that 'allows' organisms to evolve myriad different life strategies with distinct physiological features. We posit that the hypoallometric allometry of MRs (mass scaling with an exponent smaller than 1) is an indirect outcome of the selective pressure of ecological mortality on allocation 'decisions' that divide resources among growth, reproduction, and the basic metabolic costs of repair and maintenance reflected in the standard or basal metabolic rate (SMR or BMR), which are customarily subjected to allometric analyses. Those 'decisions' form a wealth of life-history variation that can be defined based on the axis dictated by ecological mortality and the axis governed by the efficiency of energy use. We link this variation as well as hypoallometric scaling to the mechanistic determinants of MR, such as metabolically inert component proportions, internal organ relative size and activity, cell size and cell membrane composition, and muscle contributions to dramatic metabolic shifts between the resting and active states. The multitude of mechanisms determining MR leads us to conclude that the quest for a single-cause explanation of the mass scaling of MRs is futile. We argue that an explanation based on the theory of life-history evolution is the best way forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kozłowski
- Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian UniversityGronostajowa7, 30‐387KrakówPoland
| | - Marek Konarzewski
- Institute of BiologyUniversity of BiałystokCiołkowskiego 1J, 15‐245, BiałystokPoland
| | - Marcin Czarnoleski
- Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian UniversityGronostajowa7, 30‐387KrakówPoland
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40
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Cozzoli F, Shokri M, Ligetta G, Ciotti M, Gjoni V, Marrocco V, Vignes F, Basset A. Relationship between individual metabolic rate and patch departure behaviour: evidence from aquatic gastropods. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cozzoli
- Laboratory of Ecology, Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of the Salento, S.P. Lecce‐Monteroni IT‐73100 Lecce Italy
- Res. Inst. on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET) – National Research Council of Italy (CNR) via Salaria km 29.3 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Roma) Italy
| | - Milad Shokri
- Laboratory of Ecology, Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of the Salento, S.P. Lecce‐Monteroni IT‐73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Giovanna Ligetta
- Laboratory of Ecology, Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of the Salento, S.P. Lecce‐Monteroni IT‐73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Mario Ciotti
- Laboratory of Ecology, Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of the Salento, S.P. Lecce‐Monteroni IT‐73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Vojsava Gjoni
- Laboratory of Ecology, Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of the Salento, S.P. Lecce‐Monteroni IT‐73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Vanessa Marrocco
- Laboratory of Ecology, Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of the Salento, S.P. Lecce‐Monteroni IT‐73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Fabio Vignes
- Laboratory of Ecology, Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of the Salento, S.P. Lecce‐Monteroni IT‐73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Alberto Basset
- Laboratory of Ecology, Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of the Salento, S.P. Lecce‐Monteroni IT‐73100 Lecce Italy
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41
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Sukhotin A, Kovalev A, Sokolov E, Sokolova IM. Mitochondrial performance of a continually growing marine bivalve, Mytilus edulis, depends on body size. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb226332. [PMID: 32527963 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.226332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Allometric decline of mass-specific metabolic rate with increasing body size in organisms is a well-documented phenomenon. Despite a long history of research, the mechanistic causes of metabolic scaling with body size remain under debate. Some hypotheses suggest that intrinsic factors such as allometry of cellular and mitochondrial metabolism may contribute to the organismal-level metabolic scaling. The aim of our present study was to determine the metabolic allometry at the mitochondrial level using a continually growing marine ectotherm, the mussel Mytilus edulis, as a model. Mussels from a single cohort that considerably differed in body size were selected, implying faster growth in the larger specimens. We determined the body mass-dependent scaling of the mitochondrial proton leak respiration, respiration in the presence of ADP indicative of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and maximum activity of the mitochondrial electron transport system (ETS) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX). Respiration was measured at normal (15°C), and elevated (27°C) temperatures. The results demonstrated a pronounced allometric increase in both proton leak respiration and OXPHOS activity of mussel mitochondria. Mussels with faster growth (larger body size) showed an increase in OXPHOS rate, proton leak respiration rate, and ETS and COX activity (indicating an overall improved mitochondrial performance) and higher respiratory control ratio (indicating better mitochondrial coupling and potentially lower costs of mitochondrial maintenance at the same OXPHOS capacity) compared with slower growing (smaller) individuals. Our data show that the metabolic allometry at the organismal level cannot be directly explained by mitochondrial functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Sukhotin
- White Sea Biological Station, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Anton Kovalev
- White Sea Biological Station, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Eugene Sokolov
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Leibniz ScienceCampus Rostock: Phosphorus Research, D-18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Inna M Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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42
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Maciak S, Sawicka D, Sadowska A, Prokopiuk S, Buczyńska S, Bartoszewicz M, Niklińska G, Konarzewski M, Car H. Low basal metabolic rate as a risk factor for development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001381. [PMID: 32690630 PMCID: PMC7373309 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identification of physiological factors influencing susceptibility to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains an important challenge for biology and medicine. Numerous studies reported energy expenditures as one of those components directly linked to T2D, with noticeable increase of basal metabolic rate (BMR) associated with the progression of insulin resistance. Conversely, the putative link between genetic, rather than phenotypic, determination of BMR and predisposition to development of T2D remains little studied. In particular, low BMR may constitute a considerable risk factor predisposing to development of T2D. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed the development of insulin resistance and T2D in 20-week-old male laboratory mice originating from three independent genetic line types. Two of those lines were subjected to divergent, non-replicated selection towards high or low body mass-corrected BMR. The third line type was non-selected and consisted of randomly bred animals serving as an outgroup (reference) to the selected line types. To induce insulin resistance, mice were fed for 8 weeks with a high fat diet; the T2D was induced by injection with a single dose of streptozotocin and further promotion with high fat diet. As markers for insulin resistance and T2D advancement, we followed the changes in body mass, fasting blood glucose, insulin level, lipid profile and mTOR expression. RESULTS We found BMR-associated differentiation in standard diabetic indexes between studied metabolic lines. In particular, mice with low BMR were characterized by faster body mass gain, blood glucose gain and deterioration in lipid profile. In contrast, high BMR mice were characterized by markedly higher expression of the mTOR, which may be associated with much slower development of T2D. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that genetically determined low BMR makeup involves metabolism-specific pathways increasing the risk of development of insulin resistance and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Sawicka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Sadowska
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Prokopiuk
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Lomza State University of Applied Sciences, Lomza, Poland
| | | | | | - Gabriela Niklińska
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Halina Car
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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43
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Pettersen AK, Hall MD, White CR, Marshall DJ. Metabolic rate, context-dependent selection, and the competition-colonization trade-off. Evol Lett 2020; 4:333-344. [PMID: 32774882 PMCID: PMC7403701 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is linked with the pace‐of‐life, co‐varying with survival, growth, and reproduction. Metabolic rates should therefore be under strong selection and, if heritable, become less variable over time. Yet intraspecific variation in metabolic rates is ubiquitous, even after accounting for body mass and temperature. Theory predicts variable selection maintains trait variation, but field estimates of how selection on metabolism varies are rare. We use a model marine invertebrate to estimate selection on metabolic rates in the wild under different competitive environments. Fitness landscapes varied among environments separated by a few centimeters: interspecific competition selected for higher metabolism, and a faster pace‐of‐life, relative to competition‐free environments. Populations experience a mosaic of competitive regimes; we find metabolism mediates a competition‐colonization trade‐off across these regimes. Although high metabolic phenotypes possess greater competitive ability, in the absence of competitors, low metabolic phenotypes are better colonizers. Spatial heterogeneity and the variable selection on metabolic rates that it generates is likely to maintain variation in metabolic rate, despite strong selection in any single environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Pettersen
- School of Biological Sciences/Centre for Geometric Biology Monash University Melbourne VIC 3800 Australia.,Department of Biology Lund University Lund 221 00 Sweden
| | - Matthew D Hall
- School of Biological Sciences/Centre for Geometric Biology Monash University Melbourne VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Craig R White
- School of Biological Sciences/Centre for Geometric Biology Monash University Melbourne VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Dustin J Marshall
- School of Biological Sciences/Centre for Geometric Biology Monash University Melbourne VIC 3800 Australia
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44
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Stahlschmidt ZR, Glass JR. Life History and Immune Challenge Influence Metabolic Plasticity to Food Availability and Acclimation Temperature. Physiol Biochem Zool 2020; 93:271-281. [PMID: 32469272 DOI: 10.1086/709587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Animals vary in their rates of energy expenditure for self-maintenance (standard metabolic rate [SMR]). Yet we still lack a thorough understanding of the determinants of SMR, potentially because of complex interactions among environmental, life-history, and physiological factors. Thus, we used a factorial design in female sand field crickets (Gryllus firmus) to investigate the independent and interactive effects of food availability (unlimited or limited access), acclimation temperature (control or simulated heat wave), life-history strategy (flight-capable or flight-incapable wing morphology), and immune status (control or chronic immune activation) on SMR (CO2 production rate) measured at 28°C. Both environmental factors independently affected SMR where heat wave and food limitation reduced SMR. Furthermore, wing morphology and immune status mediated the plasticity of SMR to food and temperature. For example, the hypermetabolic effect of food availability was greater in flight-capable crickets and reduced in immune-challenged crickets. Therefore, although SMR was directly affected by food availability and acclimation temperature, interactive effects on SMR were more common, meaning several factors (e.g., life history and immune status) influenced metabolic plasticity to food and temperature. We encourage continued use of factorial experiments to reveal interaction dynamics, which are critical to understanding emergent physiological processes.
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45
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Abstract
Estimation of RMR using prediction equations is the basis for calculating energy requirements. In the present study, RMR was predicted by Harris–Benedict, Schofield, Henry, Mifflin–St Jeor and Owen equations and measured by indirect calorimetry in 125 healthy adult women of varying BMI (17–44 kg/m2). Agreement between methods was assessed by Bland–Altman analyses and each equation was assessed for accuracy by calculating the percentage of individuals predicted within ± 10 % of measured RMR. Slopes and intercepts of bias as a function of average RMR (mean of predicted and measured RMR) were calculated by regression analyses. Predictors of equation bias were investigated using univariate and multivariate linear regression. At group level, bias (the difference between predicted and measured RMR) was not different from zero only for Mifflin–St Jeor (0 (sd 153) kcal/d (0 (sd 640) kJ/d)) and Henry (8 (sd 163) kcal/d (33 (sd 682) kJ/d)) equations. Mifflin–St Jeor and Henry equations were most accurate at the individual level and predicted RMR within 10 % of measured RMR in 71 and 66 % of participants, respectively. For all equations, limits of agreement were wide, slopes of bias were negative, and intercepts of bias were positive and significantly (P < 0⋅05) different from zero. Increasing age, height and BMI were associated with underestimation of RMR, but collectively these variables explained only 15 % of the variance in estimation bias. Overall accuracy of equations for prediction of RMR is low at the individual level, particularly in women with low and high RMR. The Mifflin–St Jeor equation was the most accurate for this dataset, but prediction errors were still observed in about one-third of participants.
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46
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Wen J, Chi QS, Wang DH, Zhao ZJ. The responses of metabolic rate and neuropeptides to food deprivation in striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) with different basal metabolic rate. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2020; 333:483-492. [PMID: 32314557 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
High basal metabolic rate (BMR) is related to a powerful metabolic engine even under food shortage, which can lead to high levels of daily energy expenditure and requires more energy for maintenance in small mammals. To test the hypothesis that animals with different BMR levels respond differently to food shortage, we compared the changes in metabolism, morphology, and gene expression in response to food deprivation (FD) in male-striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) with low (L)- or high (H)-BMR levels. After 36 hr of FD, energy expenditure, metabolic rate (MR), mass of body composition, and leptin and agouti-related peptide gene expressions in the white adipose tissues and the hypothalamus, respectively, decreased significantly in hamsters. The energy expenditure of H-BMR hamsters was reduced more than that of L-BMR hamsters after 36 hr of FD. Furthermore, MR was significantly reduced by FD, and that of the H-BMR group decreased more than that of the L-BMR group during the daytime. Therefore, our data suggest that striped hamsters with different BMR display different responses to variations in food availability. During FD, MR in H-BMR hamsters was more flexible than that in L-BMR animals and L-BMR hamsters could not reduce their MR any lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Sheng Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - De-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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47
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Norin T, Metcalfe NB. Ecological and evolutionary consequences of metabolic rate plasticity in response to environmental change. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180180. [PMID: 30966964 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal or standard metabolic rate reflects the minimum amount of energy required to maintain body processes, while the maximum metabolic rate sets the ceiling for aerobic work. There is typically up to three-fold intraspecific variation in both minimal and maximal rates of metabolism, even after controlling for size, sex and age; these differences are consistent over time within a given context, but both minimal and maximal metabolic rates are plastic and can vary in response to changing environments. Here we explore the causes of intraspecific and phenotypic variation at the organ, tissue and mitochondrial levels. We highlight the growing evidence that individuals differ predictably in the flexibility of their metabolic rates and in the extent to which they can suppress minimal metabolism when food is limiting but increase the capacity for aerobic metabolism when a high work rate is beneficial. It is unclear why this intraspecific variation in metabolic flexibility persists-possibly because of trade-offs with the flexibility of other traits-but it has consequences for the ability of populations to respond to a changing world. It is clear that metabolic rates are targets of selection, but more research is needed on the fitness consequences of rates of metabolism and their plasticity at different life stages, especially in natural conditions. This article is part of the theme issue 'The role of plasticity in phenotypic adaptation to rapid environmental change'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Norin
- 1 Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, MVLS, University of Glasgow , Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ , UK.,2 DTU Aqua: National Institute of Aquatic Resources , Kemitorvet Building 202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Neil B Metcalfe
- 1 Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, MVLS, University of Glasgow , Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ , UK
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Carter WA, DeMoranville KJ, Pierce BJ, McWilliams SR. The effects of dietary linoleic acid and hydrophilic antioxidants on basal, peak, and sustained metabolism in flight-trained European starlings. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:1552-1566. [PMID: 32076533 PMCID: PMC7029098 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary micronutrients have the ability to strongly influence animal physiology and ecology. For songbirds, dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and antioxidants are hypothesized to be particularly important micronutrients because of their influence on an individual's capacity for aerobic metabolism and recovery from extended bouts of exercise. However, the influence of specific fatty acids and hydrophilic antioxidants on whole-animal performance remains largely untested. We used diet manipulations to directly test the effects of dietary PUFA, specifically linoleic acid (18:2n6), and anthocyanins, a hydrophilic antioxidant, on basal metabolic rate (BMR), peak metabolic rate (PMR), and rates of fat catabolism, lean catabolism, and energy expenditure during sustained flight in a wind tunnel in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). BMR, PMR, energy expenditure, and fat metabolism decreased and lean catabolism increased over the course of the experiment in birds fed a high (32%) 18:2n6 diet, while birds fed a low (13%) 18:2n6 diet exhibited the reverse pattern. Additionally, energy expenditure, fat catabolism, and flight duration were all subject to diet-specific effects of whole-body fat content. Dietary antioxidants and diet-related differences in tissue fatty acid composition were not directly related to any measure of whole-animal performance. Together, these results suggest that the effect of dietary 18:2n6 on performance was most likely the result of the signaling properties of 18:2n6. This implies that dietary PUFA influence the energetic capabilities of songbirds and could strongly influence songbird ecology, given their availability in terrestrial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wales A. Carter
- Department of Natural Resources ScienceUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRIUSA
| | | | | | - Scott R. McWilliams
- Department of Natural Resources ScienceUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRIUSA
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Katz K, Naug D. A mechanistic model of how metabolic rate can interact with resource environment to influence foraging success and lifespan. Ecol Modell 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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50
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Sawicka D, Maciak S, Kozłowska H, Kasacka I, Kloza M, Sadowska A, Sokołowska E, Konarzewski M, Car H. Functional and structural changes in aorta of mice divergently selected for basal metabolic rate. J Comp Physiol B 2019; 190:101-112. [PMID: 31873784 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-019-01252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the most common causes of mortality likely genetically linked to the variation in basal metabolic rate (BMR). A robust test of the significance of such association may be provided by artificial selection experiments on animals selected for diversification of BMR. Here we asked whether genetically determined differences in BMR correlate with anatomical shift in endothelium structure and if so, the relaxation and contraction responses of the aorta in mice from two lines of Swiss-Webster laboratory mice (Mus musculus) divergently selected for high or low BMR (HBMR and LBMR lines, respectively). Functional and structural study of aorta showed that a selection for divergent BMR resulted in the between-line difference in diastolic aortic capacity. The relaxation was stronger in aorta of the HBMR mice, which may stem from greater flexibility of aorta mediated by higher activity of Ca2+-activated K+ channels. Structural examination also indicated that HBMR mice had significantly thicker aorta's middle layer compared to LBMR animals. Such changes may promote arterial stiffness predisposing to cardiovascular diseases. BMR-related differences in the structure and relaxation ability of aortas in studied animals may be reminiscent of potential risk factors in the development of CVD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Sawicka
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Szpitalna 37, 15-295, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Maciak
- Department of Evolutionary and Physiological Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245, Białystok, Poland
| | - Hanna Kozłowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-089, Białystok, Poland
| | - Irena Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Monika Kloza
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-089, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Sadowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Szpitalna 37, 15-295, Białystok, Poland
| | - Emilia Sokołowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Szpitalna 37, 15-295, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marek Konarzewski
- Department of Evolutionary and Physiological Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245, Białystok, Poland
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Szpitalna 37, 15-295, Białystok, Poland
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