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Chen WJ, Huang SY, Chen YW, Liu YF, Huang RFS. Dietary Folate Deficiency Promotes Lactate Metabolic Disorders to Sensitize Lung Cancer Metastasis through MTOR-Signaling-Mediated Druggable Oncotargets. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061514. [PMID: 36986244 PMCID: PMC10052195 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate metabolism plays a pivotal role in cancers but is often overlooked in lung cancer (LC). Folate deficiency has been linked to lung cancer development, but its impact on lactate metabolism and cancer malignancy is unclear. To investigate this, mice were fed either a folate-deficient (FD) or control diet and intrapleurally implanted with lung cancer cells pre-exposed to FD growth medium. Results showed that FD promoted lactate over-production and the formation of tumor oncospheroids (LCSs) with increased metastatic, migration, and invasion potential. Mice implanted with these cells and fed an FD diet developed hyperlactatemia in blood and lungs. This coincided with increased expression of hexokinase 2 (HK2), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and decreased expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). Pre-treatment of the FD-LCS-implanted mice with the mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin, and the anti-metabolic drug metformin abolished FD/LCS-activated mTORC1 and its targets including HIF1α, HK2, LDH, and monocarboxylate transporters (MCT1 and MCT4), which coincided with the reduction in lactate disorders and prevention of LC metastasis. The findings suggest that dietary FD promotes lactate metabolic disorders that sensitize lung cancer metastasis through mTOR-signaling-mediated targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Jing Chen
- Program in Nutrition and Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Su-Yu Huang
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Liu
- Program in Nutrition and Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Rwei-Fen S Huang
- Program in Nutrition and Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
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2
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Giulivi C, Wang JY, Hagerman RJ. Artificial neural network applied to fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome stage diagnosis based on peripheral mitochondrial bioenergetics and brain imaging outcomes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21382. [PMID: 36496525 PMCID: PMC9741636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
No proven prognosis is available for the neurodegenerative disorder fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Artificial neural network analyses (ANN) were used to predict FXTAS progression using data from 127 adults (noncarriers and FMR1 premutation carriers with and without FXTAS) with five outcomes from brain MRI imaging and 22 peripheral bioenergetic outcomes from two cell types. Diagnosis accuracy by ANN predictions ranged from 41.7 to 86.3% (depending on the algorithm used), and those misclassified usually presented a higher FXTAS stage. ANN prediction of FXTAS stages was based on a combination of two imaging findings (white matter hyperintensity and whole-brain volumes adjusted for intracranial volume) and four bioenergetic outcomes. Those at Stage 3 vs. 0-2 showed lower mitochondrial mass, higher oxidative stress, and an altered electron transfer consistent with mitochondrial unfolded protein response activation. Those at Stages 4-5 vs. 3 had higher oxidative stress and glycerol-3-phosphate-linked ATP production, suggesting that targeting mGPDH activity may prevent a worse prognosis. This was confirmed by the bioenergetic improvement of inhibiting mGPDH with metformin in affected fibroblasts. ANN supports the prospect of an unbiased molecular definition in diagnosing FXTAS stages while identifying potential targets for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- MIND Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - Jun Yi Wang
- MIND Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Randi J Hagerman
- MIND Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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3
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Xiu Y, Field MS. The Roles of Mitochondrial Folate Metabolism in Supporting Mitochondrial DNA Synthesis, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and Cellular Function. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa153. [PMID: 33134792 PMCID: PMC7584446 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) is compartmentalized within human cells to the cytosol, nucleus, and mitochondria. The recent identifications of mitochondria-specific, folate-dependent thymidylate [deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP)] synthesis together with discoveries indicating the critical role of mitochondrial FOCM in cancer progression have renewed interest in understanding this metabolic pathway. The goal of this narrative review is to summarize recent advances in the field of one-carbon metabolism, with an emphasis on the biological importance of mitochondrial FOCM in maintaining mitochondrial DNA integrity and mitochondrial function, as well as the reprogramming of mitochondrial FOCM in cancer. Elucidation of the roles and regulation of mitochondrial FOCM will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying folate-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Xiu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Martha S Field
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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4
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Hikmat O, Naess K, Engvall M, Klingenberg C, Rasmussen M, Tallaksen CME, Samsonsen C, Brodtkorb E, Ostergaard E, de Coo R, Pias-Peleteiro L, Isohanni P, Uusimaa J, Darin N, Rahman S, Bindoff LA. The impact of gender, puberty, and pregnancy in patients with POLG disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:2019-2025. [PMID: 32949115 PMCID: PMC7545595 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the impact of gender, puberty, and pregnancy on the expression of POLG disease, one of the most common mitochondrial diseases known. Methods Clinical, laboratory, and genetic data were collected retrospectively from 155 patients with genetically confirmed POLG disease recruited from seven European countries. We used the available data to study the impact of gender, puberty, and pregnancy on disease onset and deterioration. Results We found that disease onset early in life was common in both sexes but there was also a second peak in females around the time of puberty. Further, pregnancy had a negative impact with 10 of 14 women (71%) experiencing disease onset or deterioration during pregnancy. Interpretation Gender clearly influences the expression of POLG disease. While onset very early in life was common in both males and females, puberty in females appeared associated both with disease onset and increased disease activity. Further, both disease onset and deterioration, including seizure aggravation and status epilepticus, appeared to be associated with pregnancy. Thus, whereas disease activity appears maximal early in life with no subsequent peaks in males, both menarche and pregnancy appear associated with disease onset or worsening in females. This suggests that hormonal changes may be a modulating factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hikmat
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karin Naess
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Engvall
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claus Klingenberg
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Magnhild Rasmussen
- Women and Children's Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences for Children, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Unit for Congenital and Hereditary Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chantal M E Tallaksen
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian Samsonsen
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eylert Brodtkorb
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elsebet Ostergaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rene de Coo
- Department of Neurology, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pirjo Isohanni
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Uusimaa
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Niklas Darin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shamima Rahman
- Mitochondrial Research Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Metabolic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence A Bindoff
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway
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5
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Lee SE, Fenech MF, West KP. Antenatal Micronutrients and the Mitochondrial Genome: A Glimpse of Future Nutritional Investigation. J Nutr 2019; 149:1303-1304. [PMID: 31177285 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Eun Lee
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael F Fenech
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Keith P West
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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6
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Guo X, Feng L, Lemos B, Lou J. DNA methylation modifications induced by hexavalent chromium. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2019; 37:133-145. [PMID: 31084241 PMCID: PMC8479272 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2019.1592640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] contributes a significant health risk and causes a number of chronic diseases and cancers. While the genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of hexavalent chromium exposure are explicit and better-characterized, the exact mechanism underlying the carcinogenic process of Cr (VI) is still a matter of debate. In recent years, studies have shown that epigenetic modifications, especially DNA methylation, may play a significant role in Cr (VI)-induced carcinogenesis. The aim of this review is to summarize our understanding regarding the effects of Cr (VI) on global and gene-specific DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnian Guo
- Institute of Occupation Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Lingfang Feng
- Institute of Occupation Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, P.R.China
| | - Bernardo Lemos
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianlin Lou
- Institute of Occupation Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, P.R.China
- Corresponding author at: Institute of Occupation Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 182 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310013, P.R.C. Telephone: +86-571-88215566. Fax: +86-571-88215576.
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7
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Alonzo JR, Venkataraman C, Field MS, Stover PJ. The mitochondrial inner membrane protein MPV17 prevents uracil accumulation in mitochondrial DNA. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:20285-20294. [PMID: 30385507 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial inner membrane protein MPV17 is a protein of unknown function that is associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-depletion syndrome (MDS). MPV17 loss-of-function has been reported to result in tissue-specific nucleotide pool imbalances, which can occur in states of perturbed folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism (FOCM), but MPV17 has not been directly linked to FOCM. FOCM is a metabolic network that provides one-carbon units for the de novo synthesis of purine and thymidylate nucleotides (e.g. dTMP) for both nuclear DNA (nuDNA) and mtDNA replication. In this study, we investigated the impact of reduced MPV17 expression on markers of impaired FOCM in HeLa cells. Depressed MPV17 expression reduced mitochondrial folate levels by 43% and increased uracil levels, a marker of impaired dTMP synthesis, in mtDNA by 3-fold. The capacity of mitochondrial de novo and salvage pathway dTMP biosynthesis was unchanged by the reduced MPV17 expression, but the elevated levels of uracil in mtDNA suggested that other sources of mitochondrial dTMP are compromised in MPV17-deficient cells. These results indicate that MPV17 provides a third dTMP source, potentially by serving as a transporter that transfers dTMP from the cytosol to mitochondria to sustain mtDNA synthesis. We propose that MPV17 loss-of-function and related hepatocerebral MDS are linked to impaired FOCM in mitochondria by providing insufficient access to cytosolic dTMP pools and by severely reducing mitochondrial folate pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith R Alonzo
- From the Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular, and Cellular Biology and
| | - Chantel Venkataraman
- the Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Martha S Field
- the Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Patrick J Stover
- From the Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular, and Cellular Biology and; the Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853.
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8
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Czarny P, Wigner P, Strycharz J, Watala C, Swiderska E, Synowiec E, Galecki P, Talarowska M, Szemraj J, Su KP, Sliwinski T. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of uracil-processing genes affect the occurrence and the onset of recurrent depressive disorder. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5116. [PMID: 29967751 PMCID: PMC6025148 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders (DD) are known to be associated with increased DNA damage, the impairment of DNA damage repair, and the presence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA damage repair genes. Some indirect evidence also suggests that uracil metabolism may be disrupted in depressed patients. Therefore, the current study genotypes three SNPs localized in genes encoding uracil-processing proteins: two glycosylases, i.e., UNG g.7245G>C (rs34259), SMUG1 c.-31A>G (rs3087404), and dUTPase, i.e., DUT g.48638795G>T (rs4775748). The polymorphisms were analyzed in 585 DNA samples (282 cases and 303 controls) using TaqMan probes. The G/G genotype and G allele of UNG polymorphism decreased the risk of depression, while the G/C genotype and C allele of the same SNP increased it. It was also found that G/G carriers had their first episode significantly later than the heterozygotes. Although there was no association between the occurrence of depression and the SMUG1 SNP, a significant difference was found between the homozygotes regarding the onset of DD. In conclusion, the SNPs localized in the uracil-processing genes may modulate the occurrence and the onset of depression, which further supports the hypothesis that impairment of DNA damage repair, especially base-excision repair, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Wigner
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Strycharz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Cezary Watala
- Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Swiderska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Synowiec
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Galecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Talarowska
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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9
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Fenech M. Vitamins Associated with Brain Aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer Disease: Biomarkers, Epidemiological and Experimental Evidence, Plausible Mechanisms, and Knowledge Gaps. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:958-970. [PMID: 29141977 PMCID: PMC5682999 DOI: 10.3945/an.117.015610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The key to preventing brain aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer disease (AD) via vitamin intake is first to understand molecular mechanisms, then to deduce relevant biomarkers, and subsequently to test the level of evidence for the impact of vitamins in the relevant pathways and their modulation of dementia risk. This narrative review infers information on mechanisms from gene and metabolic defects associated with MCI and AD, and assesses the role of vitamins using recent results from animal and human studies. Current evidence suggests that all known vitamins and some "quasi-vitamins" are involved as cofactors or influence ≥1 of the 6 key sets of pathways or pathologies associated with MCI or AD, relating to 1) 1-carbon metabolism, 2) DNA damage and repair, 3) mitochondrial function and glucose metabolism, 4) lipid and phospholipid metabolism and myelination, 5) neurotransmitter synthesis and synaptogenesis, and 6) amyloidosis and Tau protein phosphorylation. The contemporary level of evidence for each of the vitamins varies considerably, but it is notable that B vitamins are involved as cofactors in all of the core pathways or pathologies and, together with vitamins C and E, are consistently associated with a protective role against dementia. Outcomes from recent studies indicate that the efficacy and safety of supplementation with vitamins to prevent MCI and the early stages of AD will most likely depend on 1) which pathways are defective, 2) which vitamins are deficient and could correct the relevant metabolic defects, and 3) the modulating impact of nutrient-nutrient and nutrient-genotype interaction. More focus on a precision nutrition approach is required to realize the full potential of vitamin therapy in preventing dementia and to avoid causing harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fenech
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Genome Health and Personalised Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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10
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Wong S, Giulivi C. Autism, Mitochondria and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Exposure. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2017; 15:614-23. [PMID: 27071785 DOI: 10.2174/1871527315666160413122624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a growing concern with more than 1 in every 68 children affected in the United States by age 8. Limited scientific advances have been made regarding the etiology of autism, with general agreement that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to this disorder. OBJECTIVE To explore the link between exposure to PBDE, mitochondrial dysfunction and autism risk. RESULTS Perinatal exposures to PBDEs may contribute to the etiology or morbidity of ASD including mitochondrial dysfunction based on (i) their increased environmental abundance and human exposures, (ii) their activity towards implicated in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity including mitochondria, and (iii) their bioaccumulation in mitochondria. CONCLUSION In this review, we propose that PBDE, and possibly other environmental exposures, during child development can induce or compound mitochondrial dysfunction, which in conjunction with a dysregulated antioxidant response, increase a child's susceptibility of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- University of California, Department of Molecular Biosciences, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr., 3009 VetMed3B, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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11
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Frye RE, Slattery JC, Quadros EV. Folate metabolism abnormalities in autism: potential biomarkers. Biomark Med 2017; 11:687-699. [PMID: 28770615 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been linked to abnormalities in folate metabolism. Polymorphisms in folate genes may act in complex polygenic ways to increase the risk of developing ASD. Autoantibodies that block folate transport into the brain have been associated with ASD and children with ASD and these autoantibodies respond to high doses of a reduced form of folate known as folinic acid (leucovorin calcium). Some of the same abnormalities are also found in mothers of children with ASD and supplementing folate during preconception and gestational periods reduces the risk to the offspring from developing ASD. These data suggest that folate pathway abnormalities may be a major metabolic disturbance underlying ASD that can be leveraged as biomarkers to improve symptoms and prevent ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Frye
- Autism Research Program, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - John C Slattery
- Autism Research Program, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Edward V Quadros
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York - Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
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12
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Cantarella CD, Ragusa D, Giammanco M, Tosi S. Folate deficiency as predisposing factor for childhood leukaemia: a review of the literature. GENES & NUTRITION 2017; 12:14. [PMID: 28588742 PMCID: PMC5455200 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-017-0560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folic acid and its derivates, known as folates, are chemoprotective micronutrients of great interest because of their essential role in the maintenance of health and genomic integrity. The supplementation of folic acid during pregnancy has long been known to reduce the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in the foetus. Folate metabolism can be altered by many factors, including adequate intake through diet. Folate deficiency can compromise the synthesis, repair and methylation of DNA, with deleterious consequences on genomic stability and gene expression. These processes are known to be altered in chronic diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. MAIN BODY This review focuses on the association between folate intake and the risk of childhood leukaemia. Having compiled and analysed studies from the literature, we show the documented effects of folates on the genome and their role in cancer prevention and progression with particular emphasis on DNA methylation modifications. These changes are of crucial importance during pregnancy, as maternal diet has a profound impact on the metabolic and physiological functions of the foetus and the susceptibility to disease in later life. Folate deficiency is capable of modifying the methylation status of certain genes at birth in both animals and humans, with potential pathogenic and tumorigenic effects on the progeny. Pre-existing genetic polymorphisms can modify the metabolic network of folates and influence the risk of cancer, including childhood leukaemias. The protective effects of folic acid might be dose dependent, as excessive folic acid could have the adverse effect of nourishing certain types of tumours. CONCLUSION Overall, maternal folic acid supplementation before and during pregnancy seems to confer protection against the risk of childhood leukaemia in the offspring. The optimal folic acid requirements and supplementation doses need to be established, especially in conjunction with other vitamins in order to determine the most successful combinations of nutrients to maintain genomic health and wellbeing. Further research is therefore needed to uncover the role of maternal diet as a whole, as it represents a main factor capable of inducing permanent changes in the foetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Daniela Cantarella
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Denise Ragusa
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Marco Giammanco
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sabrina Tosi
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
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Barchitta M, Quattrocchi A, Maugeri A, Barone G, Mazzoleni P, Catalfo A, De Guidi G, Iemmolo M, Crimi N, Agodi A. Integrated approach of nutritional and molecular epidemiology, mineralogical and chemical pollutant characterisation: the protocol of a cross-sectional study in women. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e014756. [PMID: 28377395 PMCID: PMC5387935 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Environmentally-related health and disease are the result of the exposome, the totality of a person's environmental exposures, from all sources and routes, across their lifespan. Epigenetic phenomena, including DNA methylation, can be potentially modified by environmental and lifestyle factors, and result in environmental reprogramming of the genome for exposed individuals and for future generations of offspring. OBJECTIVE The objective of the project is to evaluate the risk of DNA hypomethylation due to air pollution, Mediterranean diet adherence, folate intake, and demographic and socioeconomic factors, in healthy women living in the metropolitan area of Catania, Italy. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Non-pregnant healthy women will be enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and dietary intake information will be collected. LINE-1 methylation will be measured by pyrosequencing. The participants' home addresses will be geocoded and each woman will be assigned to the closest monitoring station for particulate matter (PM) exposure assessment. Mineralogical-chemical characterisation of PM and cellular model assays will be performed. An integrated approach will be designed to estimate the combined possible effect of air pollution, Mediterranean diet adherence, folate intake and other lifestyle characteristics on LINE-1 methylation levels. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The project has been approved by the ethics committees of the involved institution and funded by the University of Catania (Finanziamento della Ricerca, FIR 2014). All participants will be fully informed of the purpose and procedures of the study, and signed written consents will be obtained. All the data collected will be treated confidentially and analysed in an aggregate and anonymous way. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and communicated to local public health agencies, in order to provide essential information for timely and effective public health action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Barchitta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- LaPoSS, Laboratory of Policies and Social Services, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Annalisa Quattrocchi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Maugeri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Germana Barone
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Mazzoleni
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alfio Catalfo
- Department of Chemical Science, Section of Photochemistry and Photobiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Guido De Guidi
- Department of Chemical Science, Section of Photochemistry and Photobiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Research Centre for the analysis, the monitoring and methodology for environmental risk assessment (CRAM3RA), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Iemmolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Crimi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Agodi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- LaPoSS, Laboratory of Policies and Social Services, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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14
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Dhillon VS, Zabaras D, Almond T, Cavuoto P, James-Martin G, Fenech M. Whey protein isolate improves vitamin B12and folate status in elderly Australians with subclinical deficiency of vitamin B12. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Varinderpal S. Dhillon
- Genome Health Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Health and Biosecurity; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Dimitrios Zabaras
- Genome Health Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Health and Biosecurity; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Theodora Almond
- Genome Health Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Health and Biosecurity; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Paul Cavuoto
- Genome Health Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Health and Biosecurity; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Genevieve James-Martin
- Genome Health Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Health and Biosecurity; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- Genome Health Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Health and Biosecurity; Adelaide South Australia Australia
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15
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Wong S, Napoli E, Krakowiak P, Tassone F, Hertz-Picciotto I, Giulivi C. Role of p53, Mitochondrial DNA Deletions, and Paternal Age in Autism: A Case-Control Study. Pediatrics 2016; 137:peds.2015-1888. [PMID: 27033107 PMCID: PMC4811307 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-1888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor suppressor p53 responds to a variety of environmental stressors by regulating cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, DNA repair, bioenergetics and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number maintenance. Developmental abnormalities have been reported in p53-deficient mice, and altered p53 and p53-associated pathways in autism (AU). Furthermore, via the Pten-p53 crosstalk, Pten haploinsufficient-mice have autisticlike behavior accompanied by brain mitochondrial dysfunction with accumulation of mtDNA deletions. METHODS mtDNA copy number and deletions, and p53 gene copy ratios were evaluated in peripheral blood monocytic cells from children aged 2-5 years with AU (n = 66), race-, gender-, and age-matched typically neurodeveloping children (n = 46), and both parents from each diagnostic group, recruited by the Childhood Autism Risk from Genes and Environment study at the University of California, Davis. RESULTS mtDNA deletions and higher p53 gene copy ratios were more common in children with AU and their fathers. The incidence of mtDNA deletions in fathers of children with AU was increased 1.9-fold over fathers of typically neurodeveloping children, suggesting a role for deficient DNA repair capacity not driven by paternal age. Deletions in mtDNA and altered p53 gene copy ratios seem to result from genetics (children with severity scores ≥8) and/or act in concert with environmental factors (children with 6-7 severity scores). CONCLUSIONS Given pro- and antioxidant activities of p53, and associations of genomic instability with disorders other than AU, our study suggests a link between DNA repair capacity, genomic instability in the 17p13.1 region influenced by environmental triggers, and AU diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wong
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine
| | | | - Flora Tassone
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, and,Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and,Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California
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16
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Can folic acid have a role in mitochondrial disorders? Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:1349-54. [PMID: 26183769 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellular folate metabolism is highly compartmentalized, with mitochondria folate transport and metabolism being distinct from the well-known cytosolic folate metabolism. There is evidence supporting the association between low folate status and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) instability, and cerebral folate deficiency is relatively frequent in mitochondrial disorders. Furthermore, folinic acid supplementation has been reported to be beneficial not only in some patients with mitochondrial disease, but also in patients with relatively common diseases where folate deficiency might be an important pathophysiological factor. In this review, we focus on the evidence that supports the potential involvement of impaired folate metabolism in the pathophysiology of mitochondrial disorders.
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17
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Bailey LB, Stover PJ, McNulty H, Fenech MF, Gregory JF, Mills JL, Pfeiffer CM, Fazili Z, Zhang M, Ueland PM, Molloy AM, Caudill MA, Shane B, Berry RJ, Bailey RL, Hausman DB, Raghavan R, Raiten DJ. Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development-Folate Review. J Nutr 2015; 145:1636S-1680S. [PMID: 26451605 PMCID: PMC4478945 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.206599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) project is designed to provide evidence-based advice to anyone with an interest in the role of nutrition in health. Specifically, the BOND program provides state-of-the-art information and service with regard to selection, use, and interpretation of biomarkers of nutrient exposure, status, function, and effect. To accomplish this objective, expert panels are recruited to evaluate the literature and to draft comprehensive reports on the current state of the art with regard to specific nutrient biology and available biomarkers for assessing nutrients in body tissues at the individual and population level. Phase I of the BOND project includes the evaluation of biomarkers for 6 nutrients: iodine, iron, zinc, folate, vitamin A, and vitamin B-12. This review represents the second in the series of reviews and covers all relevant aspects of folate biology and biomarkers. The article is organized to provide the reader with a full appreciation of folate's history as a public health issue, its biology, and an overview of available biomarkers (serum folate, RBC folate, and plasma homocysteine concentrations) and their interpretation across a range of clinical and population-based uses. The article also includes a list of priority research needs for advancing the area of folate biomarkers related to nutritional health status and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn B Bailey
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA;
| | - Patrick J Stover
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Helene McNulty
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Michael F Fenech
- Genome Health Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Food, Nutrition, and Bioproducts Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jesse F Gregory
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - James L Mills
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Zia Fazili
- National Center for Environmental Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mindy Zhang
- National Center for Environmental Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA
| | - Per M Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, Univeristy of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne M Molloy
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marie A Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Barry Shane
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Robert J Berry
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, GA; and
| | | | - Dorothy B Hausman
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Ramkripa Raghavan
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Daniel J Raiten
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD;
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18
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Araújo JR, Martel F, Borges N, Araújo JM, Keating E. Folates and aging: Role in mild cognitive impairment, dementia and depression. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 22:9-19. [PMID: 25939915 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In almost all tissues, including the brain, folates are required for one-carbon transfer reactions, which are essential for the synthesis of DNA and RNA nucleotides, the metabolism of amino acids and the occurrence of methylation reactions. The aim of this paper is to review the impact of folate status on the risk of development of neuropsychiatric disorders in older individuals. The prevalence of folate deficiency is high among individuals aged ≥ 65 years mainly due to reduced dietary intake and intestinal malabsorption. Population-based studies have demonstrated that a low folate status is associated with mild cognitive impairment, dementia (particularly Alzheimer's disease) and depression in healthy and neuropsychiatric diseased older individuals. The proposed mechanisms underlying that association include hyperhomocysteinemia, lower methylation reactions and tetrahydrobiopterin levels, and excessive misincorporation of uracil into DNA. However, currently, there is no consistent evidence demonstrating that folic acid supplementation improves cognitive function or slows cognitive decline in healthy or cognitively impaired older individuals. In conclusion, folate deficiency seems to be an important contributor for the onset and progression of neuropsychiatric diseases in the geriatric population but additional studies are needed in order to increase the knowledge of this promising, but still largely unexplored, area of research.
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Fujisawa Y, Napoli E, Wong S, Song G, Yamaguchi R, Matsui T, Nagasaki K, Ogata T, Giulivi C. Impact of a novel homozygous mutation in nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase on mitochondrial DNA integrity in a case of familial glucocorticoid deficiency. BBA CLINICAL 2015; 3:70-78. [PMID: 26309815 PMCID: PMC4545511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial Glucocorticoid Deficiency (FGD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by isolated glucocorticoid deficiency. Recently, mutations in the gene encoding for the mitochondrial nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) have been identified as a causative gene for FGD; however, no NNT activities have been reported in FGD patients carrying NNT mutations. METHODS Clinical, biochemical and molecular analyses of lymphocytes from FDG homozygous and heterozygous carriers for the F215S NNT mutation. RESULTS In this study, we described an FGD-affected Japanese patient carrying a novel NNT homozygous mutation (c.644T>C; F215S) with a significant loss-of-function (NNT activity = 31% of healthy controls) in peripheral blood cells' mitochondria. The NNT activities of the parents, heterozygous for the mutation, were 61% of controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that (i) mitochondrial biogenesis (citrate synthase activity) and/or mtDNA replication (mtDNA copy number) were affected at ≤60% NNT activity because these parameters were affected in individuals carrying either one or both mutated alleles; and (ii) other outcomes (mtDNA deletions, protein tyrosine nitration, OXPHOS capacity) were affected at ≤30% NNT activity as also observed in murine cerebellar mitochondria from C57BL/6J (NNT-/-) vs. C57BL/6JN (NNT+/+) substrains. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE By studying a family affected with a novel point mutation in the NNT gene, a gene-dose response was found for various mitochondrial outcomes providing for novel insights into the role of NNT in the maintenance of mtDNA integrity beyond that described for preventing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Fujisawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sarah Wong
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Gyu Song
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rie Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Matsui
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagaoka Chuo General Hospital, Nagaoka 940-8653, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nagasaki
- Division of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8122, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA ; Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (M. I. N. D.) Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616
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20
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Agodi A, Barchitta M, Quattrocchi A, Marchese AE, Boffetta P. Folate deficiency is not associated with increased mitochondrial genomic instability: results from dietary intake and lymphocytic mtDNA 4977-bp deletion in healthy young women in Italy. Mutagenesis 2014; 29:101-6. [PMID: 24419225 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/get065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 4977-bp deletion is a biomarker of mitochondrial genomic instability. It is frequently detected in a number of sporadic diseases, and it accumulates in many tissues during aging. Folic acid plays an important role in the maintenance of genomic stability in mammals. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to characterise the levels of the mtDNA deletion in the lymphocytes of healthy young women, taking into account folate intake, red blood cell (RBC) folate levels and the distribution of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism. Folate intake was estimated by a food frequency questionnaire. Determination of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and of the mtDNA deletion was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. A total of 476 women were enrolled. Low levels of deletion were found (mean ΔCt = 1.24). After multivariate analysis, results did not show any significant relationship between age, smoking habits, pregnancy status, nutritional status, inadequate folate intake, folate deficiency, use of folic acid supplements, MTHFR C677T polymorphism and mtDNA 4977-bp deletions. The lack of association between inadequate folate intake, folate deficiency and mitochondrial genomic instability was confirmed also considering reference values of folate based on DNA damage prevention. Our results indicate that mtDNA 4977-bp deletions are maintained at low levels in lymphocytes of young healthy women despite the wide range of variation of folate intakes and folate status. Future studies, carefully designed to address limits and methodological issues related to variation of this biomarker as an effect of different dietary patterns and of folate status, could provide further insight on the specific mechanisms that are acting in lymphocytes of healthy subjects under observed folate intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Agodi
- Department GF Ingrassia, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
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21
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Dhillon VS, Fenech M. Mutations that affect mitochondrial functions and their association with neurodegenerative diseases. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2013; 759:1-13. [PMID: 24055911 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for mammalian and human cell function as they generate ATP via aerobic respiration. The proteins required in the electron transport chain are mainly encoded by the circular mitochondrial genome but other essential mitochondrial proteins such as DNA repair genes, are coded in the nuclear genome and require transport into the mitochondria. In this review we summarize current knowledge on the association of point mutations and deletions in the mitochondrial genome that are detrimental to mitochondrial function and are associated with accelerated ageing and neurological disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mutations in the nuclear encoded genes that disrupt mitochondrial functions are also discussed. It is evident that a greater understanding of the causes of mutations that adversely affect mitochondrial metabolism is required to develop preventive measures against accelerated ageing and neurological disorders caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinderpal S Dhillon
- Preventative-Health Flagship, Gate 13, Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Gate 13, Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Michael Fenech
- Preventative-Health Flagship, Gate 13, Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Gate 13, Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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22
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Kuo CS, Huang CY, Kuo HT, Cheng CP, Chen CH, Lu CL, Yang FL, Syu Huang RF. Interrelationships among genetic C677T polymorphism of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, biochemical folate status, and lymphocytic p53 oxidative damage in association with tumor malignancy and survivals of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:329-42. [PMID: 23996892 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Metabolic genotypes of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and folate status on oxidative DNA lesions in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been elucidated. The aims of the study were to investigate the folate-polymorphic interactions on genetic oxidative damage in association with advanced HCC malignancy and prognosis. METHODS AND RESULTS The study included 232 HCC patients with folate nutrition, MTHFR C677T polymorphic, p53 genetic and tumour pathological data collected and analyzed for their survivals after a 7.8-years following up. By adjustment for oxidative risk factors of HCC, the compound CT and TT genotypes in relative to the CC wild-type were associated with 83% reduced lymphocytic p53 oxidative lesions of HCC patients with RBC folate lower than 688 ng/mL (OR: 0.17, 95%CI: 0.07-0.43). Such genetic protective effects by the CT/TT genotypes were 2-fold enhanced among those with high RBC folate (OR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.03-0.21, P for interaction < 0.001). For those with non-folate-deficient status, the compound CT and TT vs. CC genotypes were associated with 80% reduced risks of advanced HCC stages (III&IV) (OR: 0.2, 95%CI: 0.08-0.56). Such protection was negated either by adjustment of lymphocytic p53 oxidative lesions or by 3-fold increased risks among those with high RBC status (OR: 0.6, 95%CI; 0.31-1.41, P for interaction = 0.009). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that the CT/TT genotypes vs. CC wild-type were the independent predictable factor for better survival outcome of HCC patients (HR: 0.48, CI = 0.30-0.79). For CC homozygote, the second vs. the bottom tertile levels of RBC status were associated with 2-fold increased mortality rate of HCC patients (HR: 2.05, CI = 1.0-4.1). CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that reduced MTHFR activities associated with the MTHFR T allele may interact with RBC folate as the risk modifiers of lymphocytic p53 oxidative lesions of HCC patients. The CT/TT genotypes correlated with lower risks of late-stage HCC and a favorable survival of HCC patients, depending on p53 oxidative lesions or RBC folate status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sheng Kuo
- Ph.D. Program in Nutrition and Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, HsinChuang, Taiwan
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Verma M. Cancer control and prevention by nutrition and epigenetic approaches. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:355-64. [PMID: 22047027 PMCID: PMC3357077 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Epigenetics involves alterations in gene expression without changing the nucleotide sequence. Because some epigenetic changes can be reversed chemically, epigenetics has tremendous implications for disease intervention and treatment. RECENT ADVANCES After epigenetic components in cancer were characterized, genes and pathways are being characterized in other diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and neurological disorders. Observational, experimental, and clinical studies in different diseases have shown that nutrients influence epigenetic regulation. Nutrients such as folic acid that supply methyl groups have been shown to have a protective effect in colon cancer. CRITICAL ISSUES Identifying steps during epigenetic regulation and developing intervention and treatment agents are the critical issues in the field. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Following completion and validation of key observational studies in nutritional epigenetics, strategies can be developed for cancer control and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Verma
- Epidemiology and Genetics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
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Fenech M. Folate (vitamin B9) and vitamin B12 and their function in the maintenance of nuclear and mitochondrial genome integrity. Mutat Res 2012; 733:21-33. [PMID: 22093367 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Folate plays a critical role in the prevention of uracil incorporation into DNA and hypomethylation of DNA. This activity is compromised when vitamin B12 concentration is low because methionine synthase activity is reduced, lowering the concentration of S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) which in turn may diminish DNA methylation and cause folate to become unavailable for the conversion of dUMP to dTMP. The most plausible explanation for the chromosome-breaking effect of low folate is excessive uracil misincorporation into DNA, a mutagenic lesion that leads to strand breaks in DNA during repair. Both in vitro and in vivo studies with human cells clearly show that folate deficiency causes expression of chromosomal fragile sites, chromosome breaks, excessive uracil in DNA, micronucleus formation, DNA hypomethylation and mitochondrial DNA deletions. In vivo studies show that folate and/or vitamin B12 deficiency and elevated plasma homocysteine (a metabolic indicator of folate deficiency) are significantly correlated with increased micronucleus formation and reduced telomere length respectively. In vitro experiments indicate that genomic instability in human cells is minimised when folic acid concentration in culture medium is greater than 100nmol/L. Intervention studies in humans show (a) that DNA hypomethylation, chromosome breaks, uracil incorporation and micronucleus formation are minimised when red cell folate concentration is greater than 700nmol/L and (b) micronucleus formation is minimised when plasma concentration of vitamin B12 is greater than 300pmol/L and plasma homocysteine is less than 7.5μmol/L. These concentrations are achievable at intake levels at or above current recommended dietary intakes of folate (i.e. >400μg/day) and vitamin B12 (i.e. >2μg/day) depending on an individual's capacity to absorb and metabolise these vitamins which may vary due to genetic and epigenetic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fenech
- CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, PO Box 10041 Adelaide BC, SA 5000, Australia.
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Wang TC, Song YS, Wang H, Zhang J, Yu SF, Gu YE, Chen T, Wang Y, Shen HQ, Jia G. Oxidative DNA damage and global DNA hypomethylation are related to folate deficiency in chromate manufacturing workers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 213-214:440-6. [PMID: 22398029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] can cause DNA damage, genetic instability and increase the risk of cancer development. Folate deficiency affects DNA methylation and reduces the stability of the genetic material. However, the correlation between folate deficiency and DNA damage has never been clearly elucidated in chromate workers. In this study, we recruited one hundred and fifteen workers from chromate producing facilities as testing subjects and sixty local residents without chromium exposure history served as controls. The results showed an evident accumulation of Cr in peripheral red blood cells accompanied by a significantly decreased serum folate in chromate exposed workers. The decreased serum folate was associated with an increased urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, DNA strand breaks and global DNA hypomethylation. These findings suggest that chronic occupational chromate exposure could induce folate depletion, which may further promote DNA damages and global DNA hypomethylation. Adequate folate supplement may provide benefit to chromate sufferers in stabilization of genetic material and reduce the risk of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Cheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Fenech M. Current Knowledge and Strategies to Determine Dietary Reference Values for DNA Damage Prevention. Genes Environ 2011. [DOI: 10.3123/jemsge.33.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that is increasingly being recognized as a public health issue. Recent evidence has emerged that children with autism may have altered folate or methionine metabolism, which suggests the folate-methionine cycle may play a key role in the etiology of autism. OBJECTIVE The objective was to conduct a systematic review to examine the evidence for the involvement of alterations in folate-methionine metabolism in the etiology of autism. DESIGN A systematic literature review was conducted of studies reporting data for metabolites, interventions, or genes of the folate-methionine pathway in autism. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria, 17 of which provided data on metabolites, 5 on interventions, and 6 on genes and their related polymorphisms. RESULTS The findings of the review were conflicting. The variance in results can be attributed to heterogeneity between subjects with autism, sampling issues, and the wide range of analytic techniques used. Most genetic studies were inadequately powered to provide more than an indication of likely genetic relations. CONCLUSIONS The review concluded that further research is required with appropriately standardized and adequately powered study designs before any definitive conclusions can be made about the role for a dysfunctional folate-methionine pathway in the etiology of autism. There is also a need to determine whether functional benefits occur when correcting apparent deficits in folate-methionine metabolism in children with autism.
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Fenech MF. Dietary reference values of individual micronutrients and nutriomes for genome damage prevention: current status and a road map to the future. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91:1438S-1454S. [PMID: 20219957 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.28674d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to the genome is recognized as a fundamental cause of developmental and degenerative diseases. Several micronutrients play an important role in protecting against DNA damage events generated through endogenous and exogenous factors by acting as cofactors or substrates for enzymes that detoxify genotoxins as well as enzymes involved in DNA repair, methylation, and synthesis. In addition, it is evident that either micronutrient deficiency or micronutrient excess can modify genome stability and that these effects may also depend on nutrient-nutrient and nutrient-gene interaction, which is affected by genotype. These observations have led to the emerging science of genome health nutrigenomics, which is based on the principle that DNA damage is a fundamental cause of disease that can be diagnosed and nutritionally prevented on an individual, genetic subgroup, or population basis. In this article, the following topics are discussed: 1) biomarkers used to study genome damage in humans and their validation, 2) evidence for the association of genome damage with developmental and degenerative disease, 3) current knowledge of micronutrients required for the maintenance of genome stability in humans, 4) the effect of nutrient-nutrient and nutrient-genotype interaction on DNA damage, and 5) strategies to determine dietary reference values of single micronutrients and micronutrient combinations (nutriomes) on the basis of DNA damage prevention. This article also identifies important knowledge gaps and future research directions required to shed light on these issues. The ultimate goal is to match the nutriome to the genome to optimize genome maintenance and to prevent pathologic amounts of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Fenech
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Food and Nutritional Sciences, Adelaide BC SA 5000, Australia.
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Fenech M. Folate, DNA damage and the aging brain. Mech Ageing Dev 2010; 131:236-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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