1
|
Azevedo-Martins AK, Santos MP, Abayomi J, Ferreira NJR, Evangelista FS. The Impact of Excessive Fructose Intake on Adipose Tissue and the Development of Childhood Obesity. Nutrients 2024; 16:939. [PMID: 38612973 PMCID: PMC11013923 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, childhood obesity cases continue to rise, and its prevalence is known to increase the risk of non-communicable diseases typically found in adults, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, comprehending its multiple causes to build healthier approaches and revert this scenario is urgent. Obesity development is strongly associated with high fructose intake since the excessive consumption of this highly lipogenic sugar leads to white fat accumulation and causes white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysregulated adipokine release. Unfortunately, the global consumption of fructose has increased dramatically in recent years, which is associated with the fact that fructose is not always evident to consumers, as it is commonly added as a sweetener in food and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). Therefore, here, we discuss the impact of excessive fructose intake on adipose tissue biology, its contribution to childhood obesity, and current strategies for reducing high fructose and/or free sugar intake. To achieve such reductions, we conclude that it is important that the population has access to reliable information about food ingredients via food labels. Consumers also need scientific education to understand potential health risks to themselves and their children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karenina Azevedo-Martins
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Matheus Pedro Santos
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Julie Abayomi
- School of Medicine and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK;
| | - Natália Juliana Ramos Ferreira
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Fabiana S. Evangelista
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance and adipose tissue hypertrophy persist beyond the reshaping of gut microbiota in young rats fed a fructose-rich diet. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 113:109247. [PMID: 36496062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether short term fructose-rich diet induces changes in the gut microbiota as well as in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue physiology and verify whether they persist even after fructose withdrawal, young rats of 30 d of age were fed for 3 weeks a fructose-rich or control diet. At the end of the 3-weeks period, half of the rats from each group were maintained for further 3 weeks on a control diet. Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids levels (faeces and plasma) were investigated. Insulin response was evaluated at the whole-body level and both in skeletal muscle and epididymal adipose tissue, together with skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and lipid composition. In parallel, morphology and physiological status of epididymal adipose tissue was also evaluated. Reshaping of gut microbiota and increased content of short chain fatty acids was elicited by the fructose diet and abolished by switching back to control diet. On the other hand, most metabolic changes elicited by fructose-rich diet in skeletal muscle and epididymal adipose tissue persisted after switching to control diet. Increased dietary fructose intake even on a short-time basis elicits persistent changes in the physiology of metabolically relevant tissues, such as adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, through mechanisms that go well beyond the reshaping of gut microbiota. This picture delineates a harmful situation, in particular for the young populations, posed at risk of metabolic modifications that may persist in their adulthood.
Collapse
|
3
|
Gatto C, Di Porzio A, Crescenzo R, Barrella V, Iossa S, Mazzoli A. Age-Dependent Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Response to Short-Term Increased Dietary Fructose. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020299. [PMID: 36829857 PMCID: PMC9951991 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The harmful effect of a long-term high-fructose diet is well established, but the age-dependent physiological responses that can be triggered by a short-term high-fructose diet in skeletal muscles have not been deeply explored. Therefore, the aim of this work was to compare the alterations in mitochondrial energetic and insulin responsiveness in the skeletal muscle induced by a short-term (2 weeks) fructose feeding in rats of different ages. For this purpose, fructose and uric acid levels, insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial bioenergetics and oxidative status were evaluated in the skeletal muscles from young (30 days old) and adult (90 days old) rats. We showed that, even in the short term, a high-fructose diet has a strong impact on skeletal muscle metabolism, with more marked effects in young rats than in adults ones. In fact, despite both groups showing a decrease in insulin sensitivity, the marked mitochondrial dysfunction was found only in the young rats, thus leading to an increase in the mitochondrial production of ROS, and therefore, in oxidative damage. These findings underscore the need to reduce fructose consumption, especially in young people, to preserve the maintenance of a metabolically healthy status.
Collapse
|
4
|
Petito G, Giacco A, Cioffi F, Mazzoli A, Magnacca N, Iossa S, Goglia F, Senese R, Lanni A. Short-term fructose feeding alters tissue metabolic pathways by modulating microRNAs expression both in young and adult rats. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1101844. [PMID: 36875756 PMCID: PMC9977821 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1101844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary high fructose (HFrD) is known as a metabolic disruptor contributing to the development of obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Children are more sensitive to sugar than adults due to the distinct metabolic profile, therefore it is especially relevant to study the metabolic alterations induced by HFrD and the mechanisms underlying such changes in animal models of different ages. Emerging research suggests the fundamental role of epigenetic factors such as microRNAs (miRNAs) in metabolic tissue injury. In this perspective, the aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of miR-122-5p, miR-34a-5p, and miR-125b-5p examining the effects induced by fructose overconsumption and to evaluate whether a differential miRNA regulation exists between young and adult animals. We used young rats (30 days) and adult rats (90 days) fed on HFrD for a short period (2 weeks) as animal models. The results indicate that both young and adult rats fed on HFrD exhibit an increase in systemic oxidative stress, the establishment of an inflammatory state, and metabolic perturbations involving the relevant miRNAs and their axes. In the skeletal muscle of adult rats, HFrD impair insulin sensitivity and triglyceride accumulation affecting the miR-122-5p/PTP1B/P-IRS-1(Tyr612) axis. In liver and skeletal muscle, HFrD acts on miR-34a-5p/SIRT-1: AMPK pathway resulting in a decrease of fat oxidation and an increase in fat synthesis. In addition, liver and skeletal muscle of young and adult rats exhibit an imbalance in antioxidant enzyme. Finally, HFrD modulates miR-125b-5p expression levels in liver and white adipose tissue determining modifications in de novo lipogenesis. Therefore, miRNA modulation displays a specific tissue trend indicative of a regulatory network that contributes in targeting genes of various pathways, subsequently yielding extensive effects on cell metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Petito
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonia Giacco
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Federica Cioffi
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Magnacca
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fernando Goglia
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Rosalba Senese
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu X, Li G, Zhong J, Rang O, Ou G, Qin X, Tang Y, Wang M. Impact of combined chronic exposure to low-dose bisphenol A and fructose on serum adipocytokines and the energy target metabolome in white adipose tissue. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231217992. [PMID: 37990541 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231217992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background: Adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ that plays a key role in regulating metabolic homeostasis. Previous studies confirmed that bisphenol A (BPA) or fructose can interfere with the function of adipose tissue. Nonetheless, knowledge on how exposure to BPA and fructose impacts energy metabolism in adipose tissue remains limited.Purpose: To determine impact of combined chronic exposure to low-dose bisphenol A and fructose on serum adipocytokines and the energy target metabolome in white adipose tissue.Method: 57 energy metabolic intermediates in adipose tissue and 7 adipocytokines in serum from Sprague Dawley rats were examined after combined exposure to two levels of BPA (lower dose: 0.25, and higher dose: 25 μg/kg every other day) and 5% fructose for 6 months.Results: combined exposure to lower-dose BPA and fructose significantly increased omentin-1, pyruvic acid, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), inosine monophosphate (IMP), inosine, and l-lactate; however, these parameters were not significantly affected by higher-dose BPA combined with fructose. Interestingly, the level of succinate (an intermediate of the citric acid cycle) increased dose-dependently in adipose tissue, and the level of apelin 13 (a versatile adipocytokine) decreased dose-dependently in serum after combined exposure to BPA and fructose. Phosphoenolpyruvic acid, phenyl-lactate, and ornithine were significantly correlated with asprosin, omentin-1, apelin, apelin 13, and adiponectin, while l-tyrosine was significantly correlated with irisin and a-FABP under combined exposure to BPA and fructose.Conclusions: these findings indicated that lower-dose BPA combined with fructose could amplify the impact on glycolysis, energy storage, and purine nucleotide biosynthesis in adipose tissue, and adipocytokines, such as omentin-1 and apelin 13, may be related to metabolic interference induced by BPA and fructose exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Liu
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Guojuan Li
- Endocrine Department, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Ouyan Rang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Nuclear Industrial Hygiene School, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Guifang Ou
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Xinru Qin
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Yonghong Tang
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Mu Wang
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Revenko O, Pavlovskiy Y, Savytska M, Yashchenko A, Kovalyshyn V, Chelpanova I, Varyvoda O, Zayachkivska O. Hydrogen Sulfide Prevents Mesenteric Adipose Tissue Damage, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Redox Imbalance From High Fructose Diet-Induced Injury in Aged Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:693100. [PMID: 34526894 PMCID: PMC8435624 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.693100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A high fructose diet (HFD) and advanced age are key factors for the gradual loss of physiological integrity of adipose tissue. Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has beneficial effects on cytoprotection and redox balance. But its interactive effects on age-related damage of mesenteric vessels and connective and adipose tissues (MA) during HFD which could be the base of the development of effective physiological-based therapeutic strategy are unknown. The aim of study was to investigate age- and HFD-induced mesenteric cellular changes and activities of enzymes in H2S synthesis and to test the effects of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) which is considered an H2S donor on them. Adult and aged male rats on a standard diet (SD) or 4-week HFD were exposed to acute water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS) for evaluation of mesenteric subcellular and cellular adaptive responses by electron microscopy. The effects of exogenous NaHS (5.6 mg/kg/day for 9 days) versus vehicle on mesentery changes were investigated. Serum glucose level, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and activities of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), thiosulfate-dithiol sulfurtransferase (TST), and sulfite oxidase (SO) were examined by spectrophotometry. In both adult and aged SD groups, treatment with NaHS protected mesenteric cells after WIRS. In both groups, the treatment with NaHS also protected MA mitochondria, microvascular endothelial and sub-endothelial structures, and fibroblasts versus the vehicle-treated group that had signs of damage. HFD increased MA injury and mitochondrial changes in both aged and adult rats. HFD-associated malfunction is characterized by low activities of CSE, CBS, TST, SO, and increased TBARS. Finally, we demonstrated that pretreatment with NaHS inhibited MA and mitochondria alterations in aged rats exposed to HFD and WIRS, lowered TBARS, and enhanced H2S enzyme activities in contrast to the vehicle-treated group. Mitochondrial integrity alterations, endothelial damage, and redox imbalance are key factors for rat mesenteric adipose tissue damage during advanced age. These alterations and MA hypertrophic changes retain the central for HFD-induced damage. Moreover, H2S signaling contributes to MA and mitochondria redox balance that is crucial for advanced age and HFD injury. The future study of H2S donors’ effects on mesenteric cells is fundamental to define novel therapeutic strategies against metabolic changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Revenko
- Department of Physiology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslav Pavlovskiy
- Department of Physiology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Maryana Savytska
- Department of Physiology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Antonina Yashchenko
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Vasyl Kovalyshyn
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Ilona Chelpanova
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Varyvoda
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Zayachkivska
- Department of Physiology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Szabó J, Maróti G, Solymosi N, Andrásofszky E, Tuboly T, Bersényi A, Bruckner G, Hullár I. Fructose, glucose and fat interrelationships with metabolic pathway regulation and effects on the gut microbiota. Acta Vet Hung 2021; 69:134-156. [PMID: 34224398 DOI: 10.1556/004.2021.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this 30-day feeding study was to elucidate the changes, correlations, and mechanisms caused by the replacement of the starch content of the AIN-93G diet (St) with glucose (G), fructose (F) or lard (L) in body and organ weights, metabolic changes and caecal microbiota composition in rats (Wistar, SPF). The body weight gain of rats on the F diet was 12% less (P = 0.12) than in the St group. Rats on the L diet consumed 18.6% less feed, 31% more energy and gained 58.4% more than the animals on the St diet, indicating that, in addition to higher energy intake, better feed utilisation is a key factor in the obesogenic effect of diets of high nutrient and energy density. The G, F and L diets significantly increased the lipid content of the liver (St: 7.01 ± 1.48; G: 14.53 ± 8.77; F: 16.73 ± 8.77; L: 19.86 ± 4.92% of DM), suggesting that lipid accumulation in the liver is not a fructose-specific process. Relative to the St control, specific glucose effects were the decreasing serum glucagon (-41%) concentrations and glucagon/leptin ratio and the increasing serum leptin concentrations (+26%); specific fructose effects were the increased weights of the kidney, spleen, epididymal fat and the decreased weight of retroperitoneal fat and the lower immune response, as well as the increased insulin (+26%), glucagon (+26%) and decreased leptin (-25%) levels. This suggests a mild insulin resistance and catabolic metabolism in F rats. Specific lard effects were the decreased insulin (-9.14%) and increased glucagon (+40.44%) and leptin (+44.92%) levels. Relative to St, all diets increased the operational taxonomic units of the phylum Bacteroidetes. G and L decreased, while F increased the proportion of Firmicutes. F and L diets decreased the proportions of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Correlation and centrality analyses were conducted to ascertain the positive and negative correlations and relative weights of the 32 parameters studied in the metabolic network. These correlations and the underlying potential mechanisms are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- József Szabó
- 1Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 2, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Maróti
- 2Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Norbert Solymosi
- 3Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emese Andrásofszky
- 1Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 2, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tuboly
- 4Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Bersényi
- 1Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 2, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Geza Bruckner
- 5Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - István Hullár
- 1Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 2, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Song G, Qi W, Wang Y, Pang S, Li Y. The metabolic effect of fructose on normal rats in a mild dose with glucose and saccharose as control. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:FNR-65-5589. [PMID: 34262416 PMCID: PMC8254463 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.5589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To study the metabolic effects of fructose, glucose and saccharose in a moderate dose by analyzing changes of blood indicators, pancreas inflammation, liver fat accumulation and intestinal microbiota in normal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Subjects and methods Six-week-old rats were assigned to four groups (n = 10), which were gavaged with normalsaline (Con), glucose dissolved in normal saline (Glu), saccharose-glucose dissolved in normal saline (Sac), and fructose dissolved in normal saline (Fru) for 20 weeks. Results No significant differences in body weight and blood parameters including total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), lipase (LPS) and free fatty acid (FFA) among the Con, Glu, Sac and the Fru group. The fructose can significantly (P < 0.05) decrease fasting and postprandial blood glucose increase compared to glucose, and the risk of pancreas inflammation and liver fat accumulation induced by fructose is lower than glucose in rats. We found there were no significant differences in intestinal microbial diversity. At the family level, rats in the Glu group had a relatively higher abundance of Peptostreptococcaceae and rats in the Fru group had a relatively higher abundance of Bacteroidaceae. Moreover, the proportions of Peptostreptococcaceae romboutsia and Staphylococcus lentus in the Glu group were significantly higher than in the Fru group, while the proportions of Lachnospira; Lachnospiraceae blautia, Bacteroides and Cellulosilyticus in the Fru group were significantly higher than in the Glu group. The concentration of isobutyric acid was relatively lower in all the sugar treated groups than in the Con. A significant decrease in isobutyric acid was found on comparing the Fru group to the Con group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Fructose, glucose and sucrose made no significant changes on rats in body weight, blood indicators, organ index and bacterial diversity. Moreover, fructose can potentially attenuate fasting and postprandial blood-glucose increase, pancreas inflammation and liver-fat accumulation when compared to glucose in mild doses. The relative abundance of six kinds of bacterial genera was found significantly different between rats fed on fructose and glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Song
- Institute of Grain Quality and Nutrition Research, Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Qi
- Institute of Grain Quality and Nutrition Research, Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Grain Quality and Nutrition Research, Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojie Pang
- Institute of Grain Quality and Nutrition Research, Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Stricker S, Rudloff S, Geier A, Steveling A, Roeb E, Zimmer KP. Fructose Consumption-Free Sugars and Their Health Effects. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 118:71-78. [PMID: 33785129 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2021.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The excessive consumption of free sugars, including fructose, is considered a cause of overweight and metabolic syndrome throughout the Western world. In Germany, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults (54%, 18%) and children (15%, 6%) has risen in the past few decades and has now become stable at a high level. The causative role of fructose is unclear. METHODS This review is based on publications retrieved by a selective search in PubMed and the Cochrane Library, with special attention to international guidelines and expert recommendations. RESULTS The hepatic metabolism of fructose is insulin-independent; because of the lack of a feedback mechanism, it leads to substrate accumulation, with de novo lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. Recent meta-analyses with observation periods of one to ten weeks have shown that the consumption of fructose in large amounts leads to weight gain (+ 0.5 kg [0.26; 0.79]), elevated triglyceride levels (+ 0.3 mmol/L [0.11; 0.41]), and steatosis hepatis (intrahepatocellular fat content: + 54% [29; 79%]) when it is associated with a positive energy balance (fructose dose + 25-40% of the total caloric requirement). Meta-analyses in the isocaloric setting have not shown any comparable effects. Children, with their preference for sweet foods and drinks, are prone to excessive sugar consumption. Toddlers under age two are especially vulnerable. CONCLUSION The effects that have been observed with the consumption of large amounts of fructose cannot be reliably distinguished from the effects of a generally excessive caloric intake. Further randomized and controlled intervention trials of high quality are needed in order to determine the metabolic effects of fructose consumed under isocaloric conditions. To lessen individual consumption of sugar, sugary dietary items such as sweetened soft drinks, fruit juice, and smoothies should be avoided in favor of water as a beverage and fresh fruit.
Collapse
|
10
|
Raja Gopal Reddy M, Mahesh M, Manne M, Putcha UK, Jeyakumar SM. Vitamin A and its metabolic pathway play a determinant role in high-fructose-induced triglyceride accumulation of the visceral adipose depot of male Wistar rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 37:578-590. [PMID: 31495961 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, we tested a hypothesis that vitamin A and/or its metabolic pathways are involved in the high-fructose-mediated alteration in adipose tissue biology. For this purpose, weanling male Wistar rats were provided with one of the following diets: control (C), control with vitamin A deficiency (C-VAD), high fructose (HFr), and HFr with VAD (HFr-VAD) for 16 weeks, except that half of the C-VAD diet-fed rats were shifted to HFr diet (C-VAD(s)HFr), after 8-week period. Compared with control, feeding of HFr diet significantly increased the triglyceride content (P ≤ .01) and thus adipocyte size (hypertrophy) (P ≤ .001) in visceral adipose depot; retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RPWAT) and these changes were corroborated with de novo lipogenesis, as evidenced by the increased glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity (P ≤ .01) and up-regulation of lipogenic pathway transcripts, fructose transporter, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 A1. On the contrary, the absence of vitamin A in the HFr diet (HFr-VAD) failed to exert these changes; however, it induced adipocyte hyperplasia. Further, vitamin A deficiency-mediated changes were reversed by replenishment, as evident from the group that was shifted from C-VAD to HFr diet. In conclusion, vitamin A and its metabolic pathway play a key determinant role in the high-fructose-induced triglyceride accumulation and adipocyte hypertrophy of visceral white adipose depot. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Here, we report the metabolic impact of high-fructose feeding under vitamin A-sufficient and vitamin A-deficient conditions. Feeding of high-fructose diet induced triglyceride accumulation and adipocyte hypertrophy of the visceral white adipose depots. These changes corroborated with augmented expression of vitamin A and lipid metabolic pathway genes. Contrarily, absence of vitamin A in the high-fructose diet did not elicit such responses, while vitamin A replenishment reversed the changes exerted by vitamin A deficiency. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the role of vitamin A and its metabolic pathway in the high-fructose-induced triglyceride synthesis and its accumulation in visceral adipose depot and thus provide a new insight and scope to understand these nutrients interaction in clinical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Malleswarapu Mahesh
- Lipid Biochemistry Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Munikumar Manne
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Uday Kumar Putcha
- Pathology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hernández-Díazcouder A, Romero-Nava R, Carbó R, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Sánchez-Muñoz F. High Fructose Intake and Adipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2787. [PMID: 31181590 PMCID: PMC6600229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern societies, high fructose intake from sugar-sweetened beverages has contributed to obesity development. In the diet, sucrose and high fructose corn syrup are the main sources of fructose and can be metabolized in the intestine and transported into the systemic circulation. The liver can metabolize around 70% of fructose intake, while the remaining is metabolized by other tissues. Several tissues including adipose tissue express the main fructose transporter GLUT5. In vivo, chronic fructose intake promotes white adipose tissue accumulation through activating adipogenesis. In vitro experiments have also demonstrated that fructose alone induces adipogenesis by several mechanisms, including (1) triglycerides and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production by fructose metabolism, (2) the stimulation of glucocorticoid activation by increasing 11β-HSD1 activity, and (3) the promotion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through uric acid, NOX and XOR expression, mTORC1 signaling and Ang II induction. Moreover, it has been observed that fructose induces adipogenesis through increased ACE2 expression, which promotes high Ang-(1-7) levels, and through the inhibition of the thermogenic program by regulating Sirt1 and UCP1. Finally, microRNAs may also be involved in regulating adipogenesis in high fructose intake conditions. In this paper, we propose further directions for research in fructose participation in adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Hernández-Díazcouder
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Área de Investigación Médica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico city 09340, Mexico.
| | - Rodrigo Romero-Nava
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Área de Investigación Médica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico city 09340, Mexico.
- Laboratorio de investigación en Farmacología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico city 06720, Mexico.
- Sección de Postgraduados, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico city 11340, Mexico.
| | - Roxana Carbó
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
| | - L Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Renal, Departamento de Nefrología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
- Sección de Postgraduados, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico city 11340, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Anti-inflammatory activity of elicited soybean ( Glycine max) extract on Balb/C mice ( Mus musculus) with high-fat and -fructose diet. Cent Eur J Immunol 2019; 44:7-14. [PMID: 31114431 PMCID: PMC6526585 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2019.84010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity causes adipocyte hypertrophy, which leads to cell death. Consequently, macrophages and lymphocytes infiltrate into the adipose tissue and elevate pro-inflammatory cytokine production through TLR activation. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of soybean extract, which was elicited by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and light, as an anti-inflammatory agent in mice with a high-fat and -fructose diet (HFFD). The elicited soybean extract (ESE) was administered orally to mice for four weeks after being given an HFFD for 20 weeks. Three different doses were used: (1) low-dose (78 mg/kg BW); (2) normal dose (104 mg/kg BW); and (3) high dose (130 mg/kg BW). HFFD mice model treated with simvastatin 2.8 mg/kg BW considered as drug control. After 24 weeks, the lymphocytes were isolated and the relative number of CD4+TLR3+ T, CD4+TLR4+ T, CD4+TNF-α+ T, and CD4+IFN-γ+ T cells were analysed using flow cytometry. The results showed that the HFFD mouse model had an increased number of CD4+TLR3+ T, CD4+TLR4+ T, CD4+TNF-α+ T, and CD4+IFN-γ+ T cells. ESE administration decreased the relative number of CD4+TLR3+ T, CD4+TLR4+ T, CD4+TNF-α+ T, and CD4+IFN-γ+ T cells. The normal dose of ESE is the most effective dose in suppressing inflammation compared to positive controls. ESE 104 mg/kg BW can be considered as an alternative herbal medicine that may suppress inflammation in HFFD mice.
Collapse
|
13
|
Miranda CA, Schönholzer TE, Klöppel E, Sinzato YK, Volpato GT, Damasceno DC, Campos KE. Repercussions of low fructose-drinking water in male rats. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2019; 91:e20170705. [PMID: 30785495 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920170705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructose consumption has increased worldwide, and it has been associated with the development of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance (IR) and steatosis. The aim was to evaluate if lower fructose concentrations may cause pancreatic structural abnormalities, leading to a glucose intolerance without steatosis in male rats. Young male rats orally received 7% fructose solution for 12 weeks. Body weight, food, water, and energy intake were measured. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. After final experimental period, all rats were anaesthetized and killed. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses and organs (liver and pancreas) were processed for morphological analyses. Fructose consumption was not associated with lipid accumulation in liver. However, fructose administration was associated with an increased area under curve from OGTT and an increased percentage of insulin-positive cells, high beta cell mass and reduced pancreatic islet area. Fructose supplementation (7%) did not cause steatosis, but it led to abnormal morphology and function of pancreatic islet cells, contributing for glucose intolerance development. Our findings demonstrate that even low fructose concentrations may cause deleterious effects in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina A Miranda
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Sistemas e Toxicologia Reprodutiva, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso/UFMT, Avenida Valdon Varjão, 6390, 78600-000 Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | - Tatiele E Schönholzer
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Sistemas e Toxicologia Reprodutiva, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso/UFMT, Avenida Valdon Varjão, 6390, 78600-000 Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Klöppel
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Sistemas e Toxicologia Reprodutiva, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso/UFMT, Avenida Valdon Varjão, 6390, 78600-000 Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | - Yuri K Sinzato
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Experimental de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior, s/n, 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo T Volpato
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Sistemas e Toxicologia Reprodutiva, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso/UFMT, Avenida Valdon Varjão, 6390, 78600-000 Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa Experimental de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior, s/n, 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora C Damasceno
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Experimental de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior, s/n, 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Kleber E Campos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Sistemas e Toxicologia Reprodutiva, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso/UFMT, Avenida Valdon Varjão, 6390, 78600-000 Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bayliak MM, Abrat OB, Storey JM, Storey KB, Lushchak VI. Interplay between diet-induced obesity and oxidative stress: Comparison between Drosophila and mammals. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2018; 228:18-28. [PMID: 30385171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity caused by excessive fat accumulation in adipocytes is a growing global problem and is a major contributing risk factor for many chronic metabolic diseases. There is increasing evidence that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in both obesity progression and obesity-related complications. In recent years, Drosophila models of diet-induced obesity and associated pathologies have been successfully developed through manipulation of carbohydrate or fat concentrations in the food. Obese flies accumulate triacylglycerols in the fat body, an organ homologous to mammalian adipose tissue and exhibit metabolic and physiological complications including hyperglycemia, redox imbalance and shortened longevity; these are all similar to those observed in obese humans. In this review, we summarize current data on the mechanisms of oxidative stress induction in obesity, with emphasis on metabolic switches and the involvement of redox-responsive signaling pathways such as NF-κB and Nfr2. The recent achievements with D. melanogaster model suggest a complicated relationship between obesity, oxidative stress, and longevity but the Drosophila model offers probably the best opportunities to delve further into unraveling these interactions, particularly the roles of antioxidants and of Nrf2-regulated responses, in order to increase our understanding of the obese metabolic phenotype and test and develop anti-obesity pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Bayliak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
| | - Olexandra B Abrat
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
| | - Janet M Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Volodymyr I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zemančíková A, Török J. Effect of perivascular adipose tissue on arterial adrenergic contractions in normotensive and hypertensive rats with high fructose intake. Physiol Res 2018; 66:S537-S544. [PMID: 29355382 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high fructose intake associated with moderate increase in adiposity on rat arterial adrenergic responses and their modulation by perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). After eight-week-lasting substitution of drinking water with 10 % fructose solution in adult normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), their systolic blood pressure, plasma triglycerides, and relative liver weight were elevated when compared to their respective control groups. Moreover, in SHR, body weight and relative heart weight were increased after treatment with fructose. In superior mesenteric arteries, PVAT exerted inhibitory influence on adrenergic contractile responses and this effect was markedly stronger in control WKY than in SHR. In fructose-administered WKY, arterial adrenergic contractions were substantially reduced in comparison with the control group; this was caused mainly by enhancement of anticontractile action of PVAT. The diminution of the mesenteric arterial contractions was not observed after fructose treatment in SHR. We conclude that the increase in body adiposity due to fructose overfeeding in rats might have prehypertensive effect. However, in WKY it might cause PVAT-dependent and independent reduction in arterial contractile responses to adrenergic stimuli, which could attenuate the pathological elevation in vascular tone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Zemančíková
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liotti A, Cabaro S, Cimmino I, Ricci S, Procaccini C, Paciello O, Raciti GA, Spinelli R, Iossa S, Matarese G, Miele C, Formisano P, Beguinot F, Oriente F. Prep1 deficiency improves metabolic response in white adipose tissue. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:515-525. [PMID: 29474930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prep1 is a gene encoding for a homeodomain transcription factor which induces hepatic and muscular insulin resistance. In this study, we show that Prep1 hypomorphic heterozygous (Prep1i/+) mice, expressing low levels of protein, featured a 23% and a 25% reduction of total body lipid content and epididymal fat, respectively. The percentage of the small adipocytes (25-75 μm) was 30% higher in Prep1i/+ animals than in the WT, with a reciprocal difference in the large adipose cells (100-150 and >150 μm). Insulin-stimulated insulin receptor tyrosine and Akt serine phosphorylation markedly increased in Prep1i/+ mice, paralleled by 3-fold higher glucose uptake and a significant increase of proadipogenic genes such as C/EBPα, GLUT4, and FABP4. Moreover, T cells infiltration and TNF-α, IFNγ and leptin expression were reduced in adipose tissue from Prep1i/+ mice, while adiponectin levels were 2-fold higher. Furthermore, Prep1i/+ mature adipocytes released lower amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines and higher amount of adiponectin compared to WT cells. Incubation of murine liver cell line (NMuLi) with conditioned media (CM) from mature adipocytes of Prep1i/+ mice improved glucose metabolism, while those from WT mice had no effect. Consistent with these data, Prep1 overexpression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes impaired adipogenesis and insulin signaling, and increased proinflammatory cytokine secretion. All these findings suggest that Prep1 silencing reduces inflammatory response and increases insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue. In addition, CM from mature adipocytes of Prep1i/+ mice improve metabolism in hepatic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Liotti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Cabaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Ricci
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Procaccini
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gregory A Raciti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Spinelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Oriente
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sex differences in the neuroendocrine control of metabolism and the implication of astrocytes. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 48:3-12. [PMID: 28552663 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Males and females have distinct propensities to develop obesity and its related comorbidities, partially due to gonadal steroids. There are sex differences in hypothalamic neuronal circuits, as well as in astrocytes, that participate in metabolic control and the development of obesity-associated complications. Astrocytes are involved in nutrient transport and metabolism, glucose sensing, synaptic remodeling and modulation of neuronal signaling. They express receptors for metabolic hormones and mediate effects of these metabolic signals on neurons, with astrogliosis occurring in response to high fat diet and excess weight gain. However, most studies of obesity have focused on males. Recent reports indicate that male and female astrocytes respond differently to metabolic signals and this could be involved in the differential response to high fat diet and the onset of obesity-associated pathologies. Here we focus on the sex differences in response to obesogenic paradigms and the possible role of hypothalamic astrocytes in this phenomenon.
Collapse
|
18
|
Bundalo M, Djordjevic A, Bursac B, Zivkovic M, Koricanac G, Stanković A. Fructose-rich diet differently affects angiotensin II receptor content in the nucleus and a plasma membrane fraction of visceral adipose tissue. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:1254-1263. [PMID: 28772089 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The adipose tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is proposed to be a pathophysiological link between adipose tissue dysregulation and metabolic disorders induced by a fructose-rich diet (FRD). RAS can act intracellularly. We hypothesized that adipocyte nuclear membranes possess angiotensin receptor types 1 and 2 (AT1R and AT2R), which couple to nuclear signaling pathways and regulate oxidative gene expression under FRD conditions. We analyzed the effect of consumption of 10% fructose solution for 9 weeks on biochemical parameters, adipocyte morphology, and expression of AT1R, AT2R, AT1R-associated protein (ATRAP), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in adipose tissue of Wistar rats. We detected AT1R and AT2R in the nuclear fraction. FRD reduced the level of angiotensin receptors in the nucleus, while increased AT1R and decreased AT2R levels were observed in the plasma membrane. FRD increased the ATRAP mRNA level and decreased MnSOD mRNA and protein levels. No significant differences were observed for MMP-9 and NOX4 mRNA levels. These findings coincided with hyperleptinemia, elevated blood pressure and triglycerides, and unchanged visceral adipose tissue mass and morphology in FRD rats. Besides providing evidence for nuclear localization of angiotensin receptors in visceral adipose tissue, this study demonstrates the different effects of FRD on AT1R expression in different cellular compartments. Elevated blood pressure and decreased antioxidant capacity in visceral fat of fructose-fed rats were accompanied by an increased AT1R level in the plasma membrane, while upregulation of ATRAP and a decrease of nuclear membrane AT1R suggest an increased capacity for attenuation of excessive AT1R signaling and visceral adiposity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Bundalo
- a Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjevic
- b Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Bursac
- b Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Zivkovic
- a Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Koricanac
- c Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Stanković
- a Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bargut TCL, Santos LP, Machado DGL, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) vs. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): Effects in epididymal white adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fructose diet. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 123:14-24. [PMID: 28838556 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been demonstrated to be beneficial for many diseases, including those associated with the metabolic syndrome (e.g. insulin resistance and hypertension). Nevertheless, not only their actions are not entirely understood, but also their only effects were not yet elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effects of EPA and DHA, alone or in combination, on the epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) metabolism in mice fed a high-fructose diet. METHODS 3-mo-old C57Bl/6 mice were fed a control diet (C) or a high-fructose diet (HFru). After three weeks on the diets, the HFru group was subdivided into four new groups for another five weeks: HFru, HFru+EPA, HFru+DHA, and HFru-EPA+DHA (n=10/group). Besides evaluating biometric and metabolic parameters of the animals, we measured the adipocyte area and performed molecular analyses (inflammation and lipolysis) in the epididymal WAT. RESULTS The HFru group showed adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation, and uncontrolled lipolysis. The treated animals showed a reversion of adipocyte hypertrophy, inhibition of inflammation with activation of anti-inflammatory mediators, and regularization of lipolysis. Overall, the beneficial effects were more marked with DHA than EPA. CONCLUSION Although the whole-body metabolic effects were similar between EPA and DHA, DHA appeared to be the central actor in WAT metabolism, modulating pro and anti-inflammatory pathways and alleviating adipocytes abnormalities. Therefore, when considering fructose-induced adverse effects in WAT, the most prominent actions were observed with DHA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thereza Cristina Lonzetti Bargut
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Basic Science Department, Nova Friburgo Health Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Pereira Santos
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Daiana Guimarães Lopes Machado
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Crescenzo R, Mazzoli A, Di Luccia B, Bianco F, Cancelliere R, Cigliano L, Liverini G, Baccigalupi L, Iossa S. Dietary fructose causes defective insulin signalling and ceramide accumulation in the liver that can be reversed by gut microbiota modulation. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1331657. [PMID: 28659742 PMCID: PMC5475320 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1331657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The link between metabolic derangement of the gut-2013liver-visceral white adipose tissue (v-WAT) axis and gut microbiota was investigated. Methods: Rats were fed a fructose-rich diet and treated with an antibiotic mix. Inflammation was measured in portal plasma, ileum, liver, and v-WAT, while insulin signalling was analysed by measuring levels of phosphorylated kinase Akt. The function and oxidative status of hepatic mitochondria and caecal microbiota composition were also evaluated. Results: Ileal inflammation, increase in plasma transaminases, plasma peroxidised lipids, portal concentrations of tumour necrosis factor alpha, lipopolysaccharide, and non-esterified fatty acids, were induced by fructose and were reversed by antibiotic. The increased hepatic ceramide content, inflammation and decreased insulin signaling in liver and v-WAT induced by fructose was reversed by antibiotic. Antibiotic also blunted the increase in hepatic mitochondrial efficiency and oxidative damage of rats fed fructose-rich diet. Three genera, Coprococcus, Ruminococcus, and Clostridium, significantly increased, while the Clostridiaceae family significantly decreased in rats fed a fructose-rich diet, and antibiotic abolished these variations Conclusions: When gut microbiota modulation by fructose is prevented by antibiotic, inflammatory flow from the gut to the liver and v-WAT are reversed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Blanda Di Luccia
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianco
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Cancelliere
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Liverini
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jaimes-Hoy L, Gurrola GB, Cisneros M, Joseph-Bravo P, Possani LD, Charli JL. The Kv1.3 channel blocker Vm24 enhances muscle glucose transporter 4 mobilization but does not reduce body-weight gain in diet-induced obese male rats. Life Sci 2017; 181:23-30. [PMID: 28549558 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Voltage-gated potassium channels 1.3 (Kv1.3) can be targeted to reduce diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice. Since species-specific differences in Kv1.3 expression and pharmacology have been observed, we tested the effect of Vm24, a high-affinity specific blocker of Kv1.3 channels from Vaejovis mexicanus smithi, on body weight (BW), glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in diet-induced obese rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Young adult male Wistar rats were switched to a high-fat/high-fructose (HFF) diet. Eighteen days later animals were divided in two groups: vehicle and Vm24 group. Subcutaneous injections were applied every other day until sacrifice 2months later. An additional cohort was maintained on standard chow. KEY FINDINGS The HFF diet promoted obesity. Treatment with Vm24 did not alter various metabolic parameters such as food intake, BW gain, visceral white adipose tissue mass, adipocyte diameter, serum glucose, leptin and thyroid hormone concentrations, brown adipose tissue mass or uncoupling protein-1 expression, and insulin tolerance. Vm24 did reduce basal and glucose-stimulated serum insulin concentrations, serum C-peptide concentration, increased QUICKI, and tended to lower HOMA-IR. Vm24 treatment did not change the activation of insulin receptor substrate-1, but enhanced protein-kinase B activation and membrane glucose-transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein levels in skeletal muscle. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, in male rats, long-term blockade of Kv1.3 channels with Vm24 does not reduce weight gain and visceral adiposity induced by HFF diet; instead, it reduces serum insulin concentration, and enhances GLUT4 mobilization in skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Jaimes-Hoy
- Departamento de Fisiología Molecular y Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Georgina B Gurrola
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Miguel Cisneros
- Departamento de Fisiología Molecular y Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Patricia Joseph-Bravo
- Departamento de Fisiología Molecular y Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Lourival D Possani
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jean-Louis Charli
- Departamento de Fisiología Molecular y Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Short-Term Fructose Feeding Induces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Hippocampus of Young and Adult Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2869-2883. [PMID: 28455700 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The drastic increase in the consumption of fructose encouraged the research to focus on its effects on brain physio-pathology. Although young and adults differ largely by their metabolic and physiological profiles, most of the previous studies investigated brain disturbances induced by long-term fructose feeding in adults. Therefore, we investigated whether a short-term consumption of fructose (2 weeks) produces early increase in specific markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in the hippocampus of young and adult rats. After the high-fructose diet, plasma lipopolysaccharide and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were found significantly increased in parallel with hippocampus inflammation, evidenced by a significant rise in TNF-alpha and glial fibrillar acidic protein concentrations in both the young and adult groups. The fructose-induced inflammatory condition was associated with brain oxidative stress, as increased levels of lipid peroxidation and nitro-tyrosine were detected in the hippocampus. The degree of activation of the protein kinase B, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and insulin receptor substrate 1 pathways found in the hippocampus after fructose feeding indicates that the detrimental effects of the fructose-rich diet might largely depend on age. Mitochondrial function in the hippocampus, together with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha content, was found significantly decreased in fructose-treated adult rats. In vitro studies with BV-2 microglial cells confirmed that fructose treatment induces TNF-alpha production as well as oxidative stress. In conclusion, these results suggest that unbalanced diet, rich in fructose, may be highly deleterious in young people as in adults and must be strongly discouraged for the prevention of diet-associated neuroinflammation and neurological diseases.
Collapse
|
23
|
Cioffi F, Senese R, Lasala P, Ziello A, Mazzoli A, Crescenzo R, Liverini G, Lanni A, Goglia F, Iossa S. Fructose-Rich Diet Affects Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Repair in Rats. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040323. [PMID: 28338610 PMCID: PMC5409662 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that many forms of fructose-induced metabolic disturbance are associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are prominent targets of oxidative damage; however, it is not clear whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and/or its lack of repair are events involved in metabolic disease resulting from a fructose-rich diet. In the present study, we evaluated the degree of oxidative damage to liver mtDNA and its repair, in addition to the state of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in the liver of rats fed a high-fructose diet. We used male rats feeding on a high-fructose or control diet for eight weeks. Our results showed an increase in mtDNA damage in the liver of rats fed a high-fructose diet and this damage, as evaluated by the expression of DNA polymerase γ, was not repaired; in addition, the mtDNA copy number was found to be significantly reduced. A reduction in the mtDNA copy number is indicative of impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, as is the finding of a reduction in the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. In conclusion, a fructose-rich diet leads to mitochondrial and mtDNA damage, which consequently may have a role in liver dysfunction and metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cioffi
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Senese
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples II, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Lasala
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Angela Ziello
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples II, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80100 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Crescenzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80100 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Liverini
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80100 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples II, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Fernando Goglia
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80100 Napoli, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
High Dietary Fructose Intake on Cardiovascular Disease Related Parameters in Growing Rats. Nutrients 2016; 9:nu9010011. [PMID: 28035952 PMCID: PMC5295055 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a high-fructose diet on cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related parameters in growing rats. Three-week-old female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups; a regular diet group (RD: fed regular diet based on AIN-93G, n = 8), a high-fructose diet group (30Frc: fed regular diet with 30% fructose, n = 8), a high-fat diet group (45Fat: fed regular diet with 45 kcal% fat, n = 8) or a high fructose with high-fat diet group (30Frc + 45Fat, fed diet 30% fructose with 45 kcal% fat, n = 8). After an eight-week treatment period, the body weight, total-fat weight, serum glucose, insulin, lipid profiles and pro-inflammatory cytokines, abdominal aortic wall thickness, and expressions of eNOS and ET-1 mRNA were analyzed. The result showed that total-fat weight was higher in the 30Frc, 45Fat, and 30Frc + 45Fat groups compared to the RD group (p < 0.05). Serum triglyceride (TG) levels were highest in the 30Frc group than the other groups (p < 0.05). The abdominal aorta of 30Frc, 45Fat, and 30Frc + 45Fat groups had higher wall thickness than the RD group (p < 0.05). Abdominal aortic eNOS mRNA level was decreased in 30Frc, 45Fat, and 30Frc + 45Fat groups compared to the RD group (p < 0.05), and also 45Fat and 30Frc + 45Fat groups had decreased mRNA expression of eNOS compared to the 30Frc group (p < 0.05). ET-1 mRNA level was higher in 30Frc, 45Fat, and 30Frc + 45Fat groups than the RD group (p < 0.05). Both high fructose consumption and high fat consumption in growing rats had similar negative effects on CVD-related parameters.
Collapse
|
25
|
Lu XL, Zhao CH, Yao XL, Zhang H. Quercetin attenuates high fructose feeding-induced atherosclerosis by suppressing inflammation and apoptosis via ROS-regulated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 85:658-671. [PMID: 27919735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a dietary flavonoid compound extracted from various plants, such as apple and onions. Previous studies have revealed its anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities. This study investigated the ability of quercetin to inhibit high fructose feeding- or LPS-induced atherosclerosis through regulating oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation response in vivo and in vitro experiments. 50 and 100mg/kg quercetin were used in our study, showing significant inhibitory role in high fructose-induced atherosclerosis via reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, Caspase-3 activation, inflammatory cytokines releasing, the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells and collagen contents as well as modulating apoptosis- and inflammation-related proteins expression. We also explored the protective effects of quercetin on atherosclerosis by phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/Protein kinase B (AKT)-associated Bcl-2/Caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathways activation, promoting AKT and Bcl-2 expression and reducing Caspase-3 and NF-κB activation. Quercetin reduced the atherosclerotic plaque size in vivo in high fructose feeding-induced mice assessed by oil red O. Also, in vitro experiments, quercetin displayed inhibitory role in LPS-induced ROS production, inflammatory response and apoptosis, which were linked with PI3K/AKT-regulated Caspase-3 and NF-κB activation. In conclusion, our results showed that quercetin inhibited atherosclerotic plaque development in high fructose feeding mice via PI3K/AKT activation regulated by ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Li Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China.
| | - Cui-Hua Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Xin-Liang Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rattanavichit Y, Chukijrungroat N, Saengsirisuwan V. Sex differences in the metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance of skeletal muscle glucose transport following high fructose ingestion. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R1200-R1212. [PMID: 27834291 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00230.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The role of high fructose ingestion (HFI) in the development of conditions mimicking human metabolic syndrome has mostly been demonstrated in male animals; however, the extent of HFI-induced metabolic alterations in females remains unclear. The present study investigated whether HFI-induced metabolic perturbations differ between sexes and whether HFI aggravates the metabolic disturbances under ovarian hormone deprivation. Male, female, and ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague-Dawley rats were given either water or liquid fructose (10% wt/vol) for 6 wk. Blood pressure, glucose tolerance, insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity and signaling proteins, including insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), Akt, Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160), AMPKα, JNK, p38 MAPK, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), ANG II type 1 receptor (AT1R), ACE2, and Mas receptor (MasR) in skeletal muscle, were evaluated. We found that HFI led to glucose intolerance and hypertension in male and OVX rats but not in female rats with intact ovaries. Moreover, HFI did not induce insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle of female and OVX rats but impaired the insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity in the skeletal muscle of male rats, which was accompanied by lower insulin-stimulated IRS-1 Tyr989 (44%), Akt Ser473 (30%), and AS160 Ser588 (43%), and increases in insulin-stimulated IRS-1 Ser307 (78%), JNK Thr183/Tyr185 (69%), and p38 MAPK Thr180/Tyr182 (81%). The results from the present study show sex differences in the development of metabolic syndrome-like conditions and indicate the protective role of female sex hormones against HFI-induced cardiometabolic abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yupaporn Rattanavichit
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natsasi Chukijrungroat
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vitoon Saengsirisuwan
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
A possible link between hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and diet-induced insulin resistance. Eur J Nutr 2016; 55:1-6. [PMID: 26476631 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are the main cellular sites devoted to ATP production and lipid oxidation. Therefore, the mitochondrial dysfunction could be an important determinant of cellular fate of circulating lipids, that accumulate in the cytoplasm, if they are not oxidized. The ectopic fat accumulation is associated with the development of insulin resistance, and a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance has been proposed. METHODS Recent data on the possible link existing between mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver and diet induced obesity will be summarized, focusing on the three factors that affect the mitochondrial oxidation of metabolic fuels, i.e. organelle number, organelle activity, and energetic efficiency of the mitochondrial machinery in synthesizing ATP. Search in PubMed relevant articles from 2003 to 2014 was conducted, by using query “liver mitochondria and obesity” “hepatic mitochondria and obesity” “liver mitochondria and high fat diet” and “hepatic mitochondria and high fat diet” and including related articles by the same groups. RESULTS Several works, by using different physiological approaches, have dealt with alteration in mitochondrial function in obesity and diabetes. Most results show that hepatic mitochondrial function is impaired in models of obesity and insulin resistance induced by high-fat or highfructose feeding. CONCLUSIONS Since mitochondria are the main producers of both cellular energy and free radicals, dysfunctional mitochondria could play an important role in the development of insulin resistance and ectopic fat storage in the liver, thus supporting the emerging idea that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Collapse
|
28
|
Fructose and stress induce opposite effects on lipid metabolism in the visceral adipose tissue of adult female rats through glucocorticoid action. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:2115-2128. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
29
|
Fructose, but not glucose, impairs insulin signaling in the three major insulin-sensitive tissues. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26149. [PMID: 27194405 PMCID: PMC4872141 DOI: 10.1038/srep26149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human studies support the relationship between high intake of fructose-sweetened beverages and type 2 diabetes, but there is a debate on whether this effect is fructose-specific or it is merely associated to an excessive caloric intake. Here we investigate the effects of 2 months' supplementation to female rats of equicaloric 10% w/v fructose or glucose solutions on insulin sensitivity in target tissues. Fructose supplementation caused hepatic deposition of triglycerides and changed the fatty acid profile of this fraction, with an increase in monounsaturated and a decrease in polyunsaturated species, but did not cause inflammation and oxidative stress. Fructose but not glucose-supplemented rats displayed an abnormal glucose tolerance test, and did not show increased phosphorylation of V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog-2 (Akt) in white adipose tissue and liver after insulin administration. In skeletal muscle, phosphorylation of Akt and of Akt substrate of 160 kDA (AS160) was not impaired but the expression of the glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) in the plasma membrane was reduced only in fructose-fed rats. In conclusion, fructose but not glucose supplementation causes fatty liver without inflammation and oxidative stress and impairs insulin signaling in the three major insulin-responsive tissues independently from the increase in energy intake.
Collapse
|
30
|
Long-Term Fructose Intake Increases Adipogenic Potential: Evidence of Direct Effects of Fructose on Adipocyte Precursor Cells. Nutrients 2016; 8:198. [PMID: 27049396 PMCID: PMC4848667 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously addressed that fructose rich diet (FRD) intake for three weeks increases the adipogenic potential of stromal vascular fraction cells from the retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RPAT). We have now evaluated the effect of prolonged FRD intake (eight weeks) on metabolic parameters, number of adipocyte precursor cells (APCs) and in vitro adipogenic potential from control (CTR) and FRD adult male rats. Additionally, we have examined the direct fructose effects on the adipogenic capacity of normal APCs. FRD fed rats had increased plasma levels of insulin, triglyceride and leptin, and RPAT mass and adipocyte size. FACS studies showed higher APCs number and adipogenic potential in FRD RPAT pads; data is supported by high mRNA levels of competency markers: PPARγ2 and Zfp423. Complementary in vitro experiments indicate that fructose-exposed normal APCs displayed an overall increased adipogenic capacity. We conclude that the RPAT mass expansion observed in eight week-FRD fed rats depends on combined accelerated adipogenesis and adipocyte hypertrophy, partially due to a direct effect of fructose on APCs.
Collapse
|
31
|
Volpi-Lagreca G, Duckett SK. Supplementation of glycerol or fructose via drinking water to enhance marbling deposition and meat quality of finishing cattle1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:858-68. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
32
|
Ma J, McKeown NM, Hwang SJ, Hoffmann U, Jacques PF, Fox CS. Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Is Associated With Change of Visceral Adipose Tissue Over 6 Years of Follow-Up. Circulation 2016; 133:370-7. [PMID: 26755505 PMCID: PMC4729662 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.018704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake has been linked to abnormal abdominal adipose tissue. We examined the prospective association of habitual SSB intake and change in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue. METHODS AND RESULTS The quantity (volume, cm(3)) and quality (attenuation, Hounsfield Unit) of abdominal adipose tissue were measured using computed tomography in 1003 participants (mean age 45.3 years, 45.0% women) at examination 1 and 2 in the Framingham's Third Generation cohort. The 2 exams were ≈ 6 years apart. At baseline, SSB and diet soda intake were assessed using a valid food frequency questionnaire. Participants were categorized into 4 groups: none to <1 serving/mo (nonconsumers), 1 serving/mo to <1 serving/week, 1 serving/week to 1 serving/d, and ≥ 1 serving/d (daily consumers) of either SSB or diet soda. After adjustment for multiple confounders including change in body weight, higher SSB intake was associated with greater change in VAT volume (P trend<0.001). VAT volume increased by 658 cm(3) (95% confidence interval [CI], 602 to 713), 649 cm(3) (95% CI, 582 to 716), 707 cm(3) (95% CI, 657 to 757), and 852 cm(3) (95% CI, 760 to 943) from nonconsumers to daily consumers. Higher SSB intake was also associated with greater decline of VAT attenuation (P trend=0.007); however, the association became nonsignificant after additional adjustment for VAT volume change. In contrast, diet soda consumption was not associated with change in abdominal adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS Regular SSB intake was associated with adverse change in both VAT quality and quantity, whereas we observed no such association for diet soda.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Ma
- From National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and Population Sciences Branch, Framingham, MA (J.M., S.H., C.S.F.); Nutritional Epidemiology Program at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA (N.M.M., P.F.J.); and Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (U.H.)
| | - Nicola M McKeown
- From National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and Population Sciences Branch, Framingham, MA (J.M., S.H., C.S.F.); Nutritional Epidemiology Program at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA (N.M.M., P.F.J.); and Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (U.H.)
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- From National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and Population Sciences Branch, Framingham, MA (J.M., S.H., C.S.F.); Nutritional Epidemiology Program at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA (N.M.M., P.F.J.); and Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (U.H.)
| | - Udo Hoffmann
- From National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and Population Sciences Branch, Framingham, MA (J.M., S.H., C.S.F.); Nutritional Epidemiology Program at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA (N.M.M., P.F.J.); and Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (U.H.)
| | - Paul F Jacques
- From National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and Population Sciences Branch, Framingham, MA (J.M., S.H., C.S.F.); Nutritional Epidemiology Program at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA (N.M.M., P.F.J.); and Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (U.H.)
| | - Caroline S Fox
- From National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and Population Sciences Branch, Framingham, MA (J.M., S.H., C.S.F.); Nutritional Epidemiology Program at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA (N.M.M., P.F.J.); and Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (U.H.).
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Di Luccia B, Crescenzo R, Mazzoli A, Cigliano L, Venditti P, Walser JC, Widmer A, Baccigalupi L, Ricca E, Iossa S. Rescue of Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome by Antibiotics or Faecal Transplantation in a Rat Model of Obesity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134893. [PMID: 26244577 PMCID: PMC4526532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A fructose-rich diet can induce metabolic syndrome, a combination of health disorders that increases the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Diet is also known to alter the microbial composition of the gut, although it is not clear whether such alteration contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this work was to assess the possible link between the gut microbiota and the development of diet-induced metabolic syndrome in a rat model of obesity. Rats were fed either a standard or high-fructose diet. Groups of fructose-fed rats were treated with either antibiotics or faecal samples from control rats by oral gavage. Body composition, plasma metabolic parameters and markers of tissue oxidative stress were measured in all groups. A 16S DNA-sequencing approach was used to evaluate the bacterial composition of the gut of animals under different diets. The fructose-rich diet induced markers of metabolic syndrome, inflammation and oxidative stress, that were all significantly reduced when the animals were treated with antibiotic or faecal samples. The number of members of two bacterial genera, Coprococcus and Ruminococcus, was increased by the fructose-rich diet and reduced by both antibiotic and faecal treatments, pointing to a correlation between their abundance and the development of the metabolic syndrome. Our data indicate that in rats fed a fructose-rich diet the development of metabolic syndrome is directly correlated with variations of the gut content of specific bacterial taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blanda Di Luccia
- Department of Biology, University “Federico II” of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, University “Federico II” of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, University “Federico II” of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Venditti
- Department of Biology, University “Federico II” of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Alex Widmer
- Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ezio Ricca
- Department of Biology, University “Federico II” of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, University “Federico II” of Naples, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Body fat distribution, especially visceral fat accumulation, may contribute more than total fat mass per se to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Early prevention highly improves health outcomes later in life, especially when considering such cumulative conditions as atherosclerosis. However, as these processes emerge to be partly reversible, dietary and lifestyle interventions at any age and health condition are greatly beneficial. Given the worldwide abundance of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, the identification and implementation of strategies for preventing or reducing the accumulation of morbid fat tissues is of great importance for preventing and regressing atherosclerosis. This review focuses on dietary strategies and specific food components that were demonstrated to alter body fat distribution and regression of atherosclerosis. Different properties of various adipose depots (superficial subcutaneous, deep subcutaneous and visceral fat depots) and their contribution to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders are briefly discussed. Visceral obesity and atherosclerosis should be approached as modifiable rather than ineluctable conditions.
Collapse
|
35
|
Lou PH, Lucchinetti E, Zhang L, Affolter A, Gandhi M, Zhakupova A, Hersberger M, Hornemann T, Clanachan AS, Zaugg M. Propofol (Diprivan®) and Intralipid® exacerbate insulin resistance in type-2 diabetic hearts by impairing GLUT4 trafficking. Anesth Analg 2015; 120:329-40. [PMID: 25437926 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000000558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The IV anesthetic, propofol, when administered as fat emulsion-based formulation (Diprivan) promotes insulin resistance, but the direct effects of propofol and its solvent, Intralipid, on cardiac insulin resistance are unknown. METHODS Hearts of healthy and type-2 diabetic rats (generated by fructose feeding) were aerobically perfused for 60 minutes with 10 μM propofol in the formulation of Diprivan or an equivalent concentration of its solvent Intralipid (25 μM) ± insulin (100 mU•L). Glucose uptake, glycolysis, and glycogen metabolism were measured using [H]glucose. Activation of Akt, GSK3β, AMPK, ERK1/2, p38MAPK, S6K1, JNK, protein kinase Cθ (PKCθ), and protein kinase CCβII (PKCβII) was determined using immunoblotting. GLUT4 trafficking and phosphorylations of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) at Ser307(h312), Ser1100(h1101), and Tyr608(hTyr612) were measured. Mass spectrometry was used to determine acylcarnitines, phospholipids, and sphingolipids. RESULTS Diprivan and Intralipid reduced insulin-induced glucose uptake and redirected glucose to glycogen stores in diabetic hearts. Reduced glucose uptake was accompanied by lower GLUT4 trafficking to the sarcolemma. Diprivan and Intralipid inactivated GSK3β but activated AMPK and ERK1/2 in diabetic hearts. Only Diprivan increased phosphorylation of Akt(Ser473/Thr308) and translocated PKCθ and PKCβII to the sarcolemma in healthy hearts, whereas it activated S6K1 and p38MAPK and translocated PKCβII in diabetic hearts. Furthermore, only Diprivan phosphorylated IRS-1 at Ser1100(h1101) in healthy and diabetic hearts. JNK expression, phosphorylation of Ser307(h312) of IRS-1, and PKCθ expression and translocation were increased, whereas GLUT4 expression was reduced in insulin-treated diabetic hearts. Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and C18-sphingolipids accumulated in Diprivan-perfused and Intralipid-perfused diabetic hearts. CONCLUSIONS Propofol and Intralipid promote insulin resistance predominantly in type-2 diabetic hearts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phing-How Lou
- From the *Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; †Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; ‡Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; §Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and ‖Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Simple sugar intake and hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiological and mechanistic insight. Nutrients 2014; 6:5933-54. [PMID: 25533006 PMCID: PMC4277008 DOI: 10.3390/nu6125933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar intake has dramatically increased during the last few decades. Specifically, there has been a clear trend towards higher consumption of fructose and high fructose corn syrup, which are the most common added sugars in processed food, soft drinks and other sweetened beverages. Although still controversial, this rising trend in simple sugar consumption has been positively associated with weight gain and obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Interestingly, all of these metabolic alterations have also been related to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. The purpose of this review is to discuss the evidence coming from epidemiological studies and data from animal models relating the consumption of simple sugars, and specifically fructose, with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and to gain insight into the putative molecular mechanisms involved.
Collapse
|
37
|
Warren BE, Lou PH, Lucchinetti E, Zhang L, Clanachan AS, Affolter A, Hersberger M, Zaugg M, Lemieux H. Early mitochondrial dysfunction in glycolytic muscle, but not oxidative muscle, of the fructose-fed insulin-resistant rat. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E658-67. [PMID: 24425766 PMCID: PMC3948982 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00511.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although evidence that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle has been accumulating, a causal link between mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathogenesis of the disease remains unclear. Our study focuses on an early stage of the disease to determine whether mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the development of T2DM. The fructose-fed (FF) rat was used as an animal model of early T2DM. Mitochondrial respiration and acylcarnitine species were measured in oxidative (soleus) and glycolytic [extensor digitorum longus (EDL)] muscle. Although FF rats displayed characteristic signs of T2DM, including hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertriglyceridemia, mitochondrial content was preserved in both muscles from FF rats. The EDL muscle had reduced complex I and complex I and II respiration in the presence of pyruvate but not glutamate. The decrease in pyruvate-supported respiration was due to a decrease in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. Accumulation of C14:1 and C14:2 acylcarnitine species and a decrease in respiration supported by long-chain acylcarnitines but not acetylcarnitine indicated dysfunctional β-oxidation in the EDL muscle. In contrast, the soleus muscle showed preserved mitochondrial respiration, pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, and increased fatty acid oxidation, as evidenced by overall reduced acylcarnitine levels. Aconitase activity, a sensitive index of reactive oxygen species production in mitochondria, was reduced exclusively in EDL muscle, which showed lower levels of the antioxidant enzymes thioredoxin reductase and glutathione peroxidase. Here, we show that the glycolytic EDL muscle is more prone to an imbalance between energy supply and oxidation caused by insulin resistance than the oxidative soleus muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blair E Warren
- Campus Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Regnault TRH, Gentili S, Sarr O, Toop CR, Sloboda DM. Fructose, pregnancy and later life impacts. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 40:824-37. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy RH Regnault
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Children's Health Research Institute; Western University; London ON Canada
| | - Sheridan Gentili
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences; Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Ousseynou Sarr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Children's Health Research Institute; Western University; London ON Canada
| | - Carla R Toop
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences; Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Deborah M Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|