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Sila S, Niseteo T, Hojsak I. Importance of dietary fiber in children. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2024; 76:679-689. [PMID: 37310770 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.23.07211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fibers (DFs) are essential components of human nutrition and are principally defined as non-digestible carbohydrates (oligosaccharides and polysaccharides) usually classified by their physicochemical and physiological characteristics (water solubility, viscosity, fermentability, and bulking effect). Unfortunately, there is limited information on dietary fiber recommendations for children, and the evidence on their effect on health and symptom control is mainly available for the adult population. Therefore, this review aims to give a comprehensive overview of the characteristics and dietary sources of dietary fiber and their potential health benefits in healthy children but also their potential use in the treatment of sick children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sila
- Referral Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tena Niseteo
- Referral Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Hojsak
- Referral Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia -
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University J.J. Strossmayer, Osijek, Croatia
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2
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Gupta A, Choudhary N, Gupta N. Prediabetes in children and adolescents: A ticking bomb! World J Clin Pediatr 2024; 13:92127. [PMID: 38947990 PMCID: PMC11212763 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.92127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Prediabetes in children and adolescents is on the rise which has drawn significant attention over the past decade. It is an early warning sign of the underlying pathophysiological changes which in due course of time might compound into type II diabetes mellitus. The incidence of prediabetes in adolescents ranges from 4%-23% which is alarmingly high and requires active intervention from the system. We have discussed early identification of high-risk patients, prompt screening and active intervention to manage this growing problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Gupta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi 110076, India
| | - Nitin Choudhary
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi 110076, India
| | - Nishkarsh Gupta
- Department of Onco-Anesthesiology and Palliative Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi 110029, India
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Wada K, Nagata C, Yamakawa M, Nakashima Y, Koda S, Uji T, Tsuji M, Nagai H, Itakura N, Harada K, Takahara O, Yamanaka H. Association of dietary fibre intake with subsequent fasting glucose levels and indicators of adiposity in school-age Japanese children. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:1617-1625. [PMID: 37226764 PMCID: PMC10410373 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002300099x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationships of fibre intake with subsequent BMI sd-score, waist-to-height ratio and serum fasting glucose levels among school-age Japanese children. DESIGN This is a prospective study of school-age Japanese children. Participants were followed from 6-7 to 9-10 years of age (follow-up rate: 92·0 %). Fibre intake was assessed using a validated FFQ. Serum fasting glucose was measured by a hexokinase enzymatic method. Using a general linear model, the associations between dietary fibre intake at baseline and BMI sd-score, waist-to-height ratio, and serum levels of fasting glucose at follow-up were evaluated after considering potential confounding factors. SETTING Public elementary schools in a city in Japan. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2784 students. RESULTS The estimated means for fasting glucose at 9-10 years of age were 86·45, 85·68, 85·88 and 85·58 mg/dl in the lowest, second, third and highest quartile of fibre intake at 6-7 years of age, respectively (P = 0·033, trend P = 0·018). Higher fibre intake at 6-7 years of age was associated with lower waist-to-height ratio at 9-10 years of age (trend P = 0·023). The change in fibre intake was inversely associated with concurrent change of BMI sd-score (trend P = 0·044). CONCLUSION These results suggest that dietary fibre intake may be potentially effective to limit excess weight gain and lower glucose levels during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Wada
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu501-1194, Japan
| | - Chisato Nagata
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu501-1194, Japan
| | - Michiyo Yamakawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu501-1194, Japan
| | - Yuma Nakashima
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu501-1194, Japan
| | - Sachi Koda
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu501-1194, Japan
| | - Takahiro Uji
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu501-1194, Japan
| | - Michiko Tsuji
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu501-1194, Japan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nagoya Women’s University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | - Kou Harada
- Hekinan Medical Association, Hekinan, Japan
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Flieh SM, Miguel-Berges ML, Huybrechts I, Breidenassel C, Grammatikaki E, Donne CL, Manios Y, Widhalm K, Molnár D, Stehle P, Kafatos A, Dallongeville J, Molina-Hidalgo C, Gómez-Martínez S, Gonzalez-Gross M, De Henauw S, Béghin L, Kersting M, Moreno LA, González-Gil EM. Food portion sizes and their relationship with energy, and nutrient intakes in adolescents: The HELENA study. Nutrition 2023; 106:111893. [PMID: 36462317 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the associations between portion sizes (PSs) from different food groups and energy, as well as nutrient intakes in European adolescents. METHODS A sample of 1631 adolescents (54.2 % girls) were included from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Cross-Sectional (HELENA) study. Mean food PS was calculated by dividing the total intake of the items by the number of eating occasions of these consumed items. To determine the key items for analysis, foods were ranked by frequency of consumption. A one-way between-groups analysis of covariance was used to test for significant differences in means across tertiles. A multivariable linear regression analysis was carried out, adjusting for age, sex, maternal education, body mass index, and using country as a level. RESULTS Energy intake increased with elevated intakes of energy-dense foods. Large portions of rice and other grains, starch roots and potatoes, and meat substitutes, nuts, and pulses were associated with increased carbohydrate and fiber intake. Larger portions of cheese and butter and animal fat were significantly associated with a higher fat intake. Lower intakes of some vitamins and micronutrients were noticed with consumption of larger portions of high energy-dense foods, such as desserts and pudding, margarine and vegetable oil, and butter and animal fat. CONCLUSIONS Large food PSs may be associated with positive energy, as well as macro- and micronutrient intake. Moreover, the findings from this study may help the future development of dietary guidance in general and specific to PSs, and support targeted strategies to address intakes of certain nutrients in European adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondos M Flieh
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María L Miguel-Berges
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christina Breidenassel
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Evangelia Grammatikaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; University Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitarie Lille, Clinical Investigation Center, Lille, France
| | - Cinzia Le Donne
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Academic Institute for Clinical Nutrition, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Peter Stehle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Jean Dallongeville
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Cristina Molina-Hidalgo
- Evaluacion funcional y fisiologia del ejercicio, Ciencia y Tecnologia de la Salud Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Sonia Gómez-Martínez
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela Gonzalez-Gross
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurent Béghin
- University Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitarie Lille, Clinical Investigation Center, Lille, France; University Lille, Inserm, Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, INFINITE, Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Kersting
- Research Department of Child Nutrition, Pediatric University Clinic, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Esther M González-Gil
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
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Polak-Szczybyło E. Low-Grade Inflammation and Role of Anti-Inflammatory Diet in Childhood Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20031682. [PMID: 36767041 PMCID: PMC9914259 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
At present, pediatric obesity is a significant public health concern. We have seen a surge of disorders that are obesity-related, e.g., insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, cancer, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), autoimmune disorders and many more. The mechanisms linking these diseases to excess body weight are related to low-grade inflammation (LGI). Although there is a limited number of studies assessing this immune process in childhood obesity, they indicate its significant importance for the health of future generations. There is a need for more research into the prevention and treatment of low-grade inflammation in childhood. The aim of this review is to present and discuss the process of "cold" inflammation, and its impact on health and anti-inflammation nutrition. A diet rich in anti-inflammatory nutrients may be the key to maintaining health, as well as recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Polak-Szczybyło
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, College for Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
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Ji Y, Mao K, Gao J, Chitrakar B, Sadiq FA, Wang Z, Wu J, Xu C, Sang Y. Pear pomace soluble dietary fiber ameliorates the negative effects of high-fat diet in mice by regulating the gut microbiota and associated metabolites. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1025511. [PMID: 36337664 PMCID: PMC9633104 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1025511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota and related metabolites are positively regulated by soluble dietary fiber (SDF). In this study, we explored the effects of SDF from pear pomace (PP) on the regulation of gut microbiota and metabolism in high-fat-diet-fed (HFD-fed) C57BL/6J male mice. The results showed that PP-SDF was able to maintain the HFD disrupted gut microbiota diversity with a significant increase in Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006, Akkermansia, and Bifidobacterium spp. The negative effects of high-fat diet were ameliorated by PP-SDF by regulating lipid metabolisms with a significant increase in metabolites like isobutyryl carnitine and dioscoretine. Correlation analysis revealed that gut microbiota, such as Akkermansia and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006 in the PP-SDF intervention groups had strong positive correlations with isobutyryl carnitine and dioscoretin. These findings demonstrated that PP-SDF interfered with the host's gut microbiota and related metabolites to reduce the negative effects caused by a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Ji
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Kemin Mao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Bimal Chitrakar
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Faizan Ahmed Sadiq
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - Zhongxuan Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jiangna Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yaxin Sang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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7
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Lin S. Dietary fiber in bakery products: Source, processing, and function. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2022; 99:37-100. [PMID: 35595397 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bakery products are prevalently consumed foods in the world, and they have been regarded as convenient dietary vehicles for delivering nutritive ingredients into people's diet, of which, dietary fiber (DF) is one of the most popular items. The food industry attempts to produce fiber-enriched bakery products with both increasing nutritional value and appealing palatability. As many new sources of DFs become available, and consumers are moving towards healthier diets, studies of using these DFs as functional ingredients in baked goods are becoming vast. Besides, the nutrition value of DF is commonly accepted, and many investigations have also revealed the health benefits of fiber-enriched bakery products. Thus, this chapter presents an overview of (1) trends in supplementation of DF from various sources, (2) impact of DF on dough processing, quality and physiological functionality of bakery products, and (3) technologies used to improve the compatibility of DF in bakery products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyun Lin
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
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8
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Shi S, Zhu Q, Liao S, Zhu X, Tang X, Zhou Y. The association between dietary fiber intake and the concentrations of aldehydes in serum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:25790-25798. [PMID: 34846670 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aldehydes have been shown to be potentially carcinogenic, mutagenic, and cardiotoxic to humans. Dietary fiber reduces exposure to certain environmental pollutants and has been widely used to improve various metabolic disorders. However, the effects of dietary fiber on serum concentrations of aldehydes remain unexplored. Data was collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014. Generalized linear regression and restricted cubic spline models were performed to elucidate the association of dietary fiber intake with the serum concentration of aldehydes. After fully adjusting for age, sex, education level, race, smoking status, alcohol use, diabetes, hypertension, body mass index, energy intake, poverty-income ratio, and physical activity, dietary fiber intake had a strong negative association with serum levels of isopentanaldehyde and propanaldehyde and a positive association with serum levels of benzaldehyde. The estimated increases in the mean log2-unit (ng/mL) of aldehydes for each fold increase in dietary fiber were -0.140 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.195 to -0.085) for isopentanaldehyde, -0.060 (95% CI: -0.099 to -0.015) for propanaldehyde, and 0.084 (95% CI: 0.017 to 0.150) for benzaldehyde, respectively. No significant association was observed between dietary fiber intake and the concentration of any other aldehydes. These results demonstrate that dietary fiber reduces the concentration of certain aldehydes in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Shengen Liao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaosu Tang
- Jiangxi Environmental Engineering Vocational College, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yanli Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Mohammadi S, Lotfi K, Mirzaei S, Asadi A, Akhlaghi M, Saneei P. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Its Association with Metabolic Health Status in Overweight and Obese Adolescents. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:9925267. [PMID: 36043034 PMCID: PMC9377836 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9925267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is becoming more prevalent around the world and greatly contributes to chronic disease progression. Previous studies have investigated individual food groups in relation to metabolic health status of adolescents, mainly in Western countries. Limited data are available on the association between dietary patterns and metabolic health in Middle East nations, where childhood overweight/obesity is increasing drastically. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the Mediterranean diet and metabolic health status among Iranian adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 203 overweight/obese adolescents. Dietary intakes were evaluated by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were measured. Fasting blood samples were obtained to determine circulating insulin, glucose, and lipid profile. Two different methods were applied to classify participants as metabolically healthy obese (MHO) or unhealthy obese (MUO): International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria and IDF along with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) criteria. RESULTS A total of 79 (38.9%) and 67 (33.0%) adolescents were, respectively, categorized as MUO, based on IDF and IDF/HOMA definitions. Considering IDF criteria, higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was related to lower odds of being MUO, both in the crude (OR: 0.17; 95%CI: 0.08-0.37) and fully adjusted model (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.13-0.84). Excluding each component from the score made the association insignificant, except for two components of meat and dairy products. Based on the IDF/HOMA-IR criteria, there was no significant association between Mediterranean diet score and MUO, after considering all potential confounders (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.17-1.30). CONCLUSIONS We found an inverse association between the Mediterranean diet and odds of MUO among Iranian adolescents, based on IDF criteria. No significant relation was found when MUO was defined based on HOMA-IR/IDF criteria. Further prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhan Mohammadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Keyhan Lotfi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Asadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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10
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Bujtor M. Can dietary intake protect against low-grade inflammation in children and adolescents? Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100369. [PMID: 34825233 PMCID: PMC8604686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In children and adolescents, chronic low-grade inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of co- and multi-morbid conditions to mental health disorders. Diet quality is a potential mechanism of action that can exacerbate or ameliorate low-grade inflammation; however, the exact way dietary intake can regulate the immune response in children and adolescents is still to be fully understood. In this review, I discuss the current observational and interventional evidence that supports a potential therapeutic role for dietary intake in the amelioration of low-grade inflammation and highlight the need to develop a better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying and attenuating the associations between dietary intake and low-grade inflammation in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bujtor
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience Division of Psychological Medicine Kings College London and Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Tang Q, Ma B, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Zhang Z, Gao H, Liu W, Li L, Chen Y, Xie L. Soluble Dietary Fiber Significance against Obesity in a Western China Population. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:5754160. [PMID: 34676062 PMCID: PMC8526253 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5754160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate whether soluble dietary fibers (SDFs) could protect against obesity by influencing weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat rate (BFR), visceral fat rate (VFR), or waistline. Methods We examined obese adult patients from western China at 0 and 3 weeks after an SDF diet. Index assessments of obesity including height, weight, BMI, BFR, VFR, and waistline were carried out. We used the Mann-Whitney U test to examine the difference between the usual diet and the SDF group. Results Weight, BMI, BFR, and waistline were reduced in both the control group and the SDF group (P < 0.001). The reduction of the four indices in the SDF group was significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.001). Higher intake of various SDFs has significantly reduced the weight, BMI, BFR, and waistline than the usual diet group in obesity. Conclusion Our results indicated that increased intake of SDFs in the diet of obese patients would protect against obesity in the first 3 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tang
- Department of Rehaibilitation Medicine, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bei Ma
- Department of Health Management, Sichuan Electric Power Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuli Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenye Zhang
- Duhui Health (Chengdu) Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Han Gao
- Duhui Health (Chengdu) Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Duhui Health (Chengdu) Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Linfeng Li
- Duhui Health (Chengdu) Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Duhui Health (Chengdu) Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Linlin Xie
- Classical Tcm Diagnosis and Treament Center, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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12
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Tagi VM, Samvelyan S, Chiarelli F. Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome in Children. Horm Res Paediatr 2021; 93:215-225. [PMID: 33017828 DOI: 10.1159/000510941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents is a frequently discussed topic in the literature, uniform guidelines on its definition and treatment are still lacking. Insulin resistance, central obesity, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension are commonly considered the main components of MetS. The first recommended approach to all these pathological conditions in children and adolescents is lifestyle intervention (diet and physical exercise); however, in some selected cases, a pharmacological or surgical treatment might prove useful for the prevention of metabolic and cardiovascular complications. The aim of this review is to present the more recent evidence about the treatment of the major components of MetS in children and adolescents, focussing on the current recommendations concerning lifestyle changes, available drugs, and bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sona Samvelyan
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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13
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Carcelli A, Suo X, Boukid F, Carini E, Vittadini E. Semi‐solid fibre syrup for sugar reduction in cookies. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Carcelli
- Department of Food and Drug University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 47/a Parma 43124 Italy
- HI‐FOOD S.p.A. Parco Area delle Scienze Pad. 27 Parma 43124 Italy
| | - Xinying Suo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Camerino via Gentile III da Varano Camerino, Macerata 62032 Italy
- School of Food and Bioengineering Collaborative Innovation Centre of Food Production and Safety Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou China
| | - Fatma Boukid
- Institute of Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (IRTA) Food Safety and Functionality Programme Food Industry Area, Finca Camps i Armet s/n Monells Catalonia 17121 Spain
| | - Eleonora Carini
- Department of Food and Drug University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 47/a Parma 43124 Italy
| | - Elena Vittadini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Camerino via Gentile III da Varano Camerino, Macerata 62032 Italy
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14
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Hua M, Liu Z, Sha J, Li S, Dong L, Sun Y. Effects of ginseng soluble dietary fiber on serum antioxidant status, immune factor levels and cecal health in healthy rats. Food Chem 2021; 365:130641. [PMID: 34325349 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As an important component of ginseng, the in vivo benefits of ginseng water-soluble dietary fiber (ginseng-SDF) have not been fully revealed. To explore these benefits, healthy rats were given ginseng-SDF (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg body weight/day) by gavage for 15 days. The results showed that ginseng-SDF significantly improved the rats' growth performance and serum antioxidant status. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1 and IGF-2) and immunoglobulin (IgA, IgM, and IgG) levels in the ginseng-SDF groups were increased. High-dose ginseng-SDF significantly increased the cecal butyric acid proportion compared with the K group. Ginseng-SDF increased the abundance of Firmicutes and promoted the proliferation of probiotics such as Lactobacillus, and cellulose decomposers such as Ruminococcus and Clostridium in cecal microflora. These altered microflora were correlated with growth performance, antioxidant status and immunoglobulin indexes. The above results suggested that ginseng-SDF might have positive effects on growth, oxidative-immune levels and cecal health in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hua
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 130112 Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Zhengbo Liu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 130112 Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiyue Sha
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 130112 Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 130112 Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Lina Dong
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 130112 Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yinshi Sun
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 130112 Changchun, Jilin, China.
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15
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Calcaterra V, Cena H, Pelizzo G, Porri D, Regalbuto C, Vinci F, Destro F, Vestri E, Verduci E, Bosetti A, Zuccotti G, Stanford FC. Bariatric Surgery in Adolescents: To Do or Not to Do? CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:453. [PMID: 34072065 PMCID: PMC8204230 DOI: 10.3390/children8060453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric obesity is a multifaceted disease that can impact physical and mental health. It is a complex condition that interweaves biological, developmental, environmental, behavioral, and genetic factors. In most cases lifestyle and behavioral modification as well as medical treatment led to poor short-term weight reduction and long-term failure. Thus, bariatric surgery should be considered in adolescents with moderate to severe obesity who have previously participated in lifestyle interventions with unsuccessful outcomes. In particular, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is considered the most commonly performed bariatric surgery worldwide. The procedure is safe and feasible. The efficacy of this weight loss surgical procedure has been demonstrated in pediatric age. Nevertheless, there are barriers at the patient, provider, and health system levels, to be removed. First and foremost, more efforts must be made to prevent decline in nutritional status that is frequent after bariatric surgery, and to avoid inadequate weight loss and weight regain, ensuring successful long-term treatment and allowing healthy growth. In this narrative review, we considered the rationale behind surgical treatment options, outcomes, and clinical indications in adolescents with severe obesity, focusing on LSG, nutritional management, and resolution of metabolic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Pediatric Department, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Hellas Cena
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (H.C.); (D.P.)
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gloria Pelizzo
- Pediatric Surgery Department, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (F.D.); (E.V.)
| | - Debora Porri
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (H.C.); (D.P.)
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Corrado Regalbuto
- Pediatric Unit, Fond. IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.R.); (F.V.)
| | - Federica Vinci
- Pediatric Unit, Fond. IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.R.); (F.V.)
| | - Francesca Destro
- Pediatric Surgery Department, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (F.D.); (E.V.)
| | - Elettra Vestri
- Pediatric Surgery Department, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (F.D.); (E.V.)
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Pediatric Department, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bosetti
- Pediatric Department, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (A.B.); (G.Z.)
- “L. Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy
| | - Fatima Cody Stanford
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
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16
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Bujtor M, Turner AI, Torres SJ, Esteban-Gonzalo L, Pariante CM, Borsini A. Associations of Dietary Intake on Biological Markers of Inflammation in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:356. [PMID: 33503979 PMCID: PMC7911843 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In children and adolescents, chronic low-grade inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of co- and multi-morbid conditions to mental health disorders. Diet quality is a potential mechanism of action that can exacerbate or ameliorate low-grade inflammation; however, the exact way dietary intake can regulate the immune response in children and adolescents is still to be fully understood. METHODS Studies that measured dietary intake (patterns of diet, indices, food groups, nutrients) and any inflammatory biomarkers in children and adolescents aged 2 to19 years and published until November 2020 were included in this systematic review, and were selected in line with PRISMA guidelines through the following databases: Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Global Health, Medline COMPLETE and Web of Science-Core Collection. A total of 53 articles were identified. RESULTS Results show that adequate adherence to healthful dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, or food groups such as vegetables and fruit, or macro/micro nutrients such as fibre or vitamin C and E, are associated with decreased levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, mainly c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), whereas adherence to a Western dietary pattern, as well as intake of food groups such as added sugars, macro-nutrients such as saturated fatty acids or ultra-processed foods, is associated with higher levels of the same pro-inflammatory biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS This is the first systematic review examining dietary intake and biological markers of inflammation in both children and adolescents. A good quality diet, high in vegetable and fruit intake, wholegrains, fibre and healthy fats ameliorates low-grade inflammation, and therefore represents a promising therapeutic approach, as well as an important element for disease prevention in both children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bujtor
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3125, Australia; (M.B.); (A.I.T.); (S.J.T.)
| | - Anne I. Turner
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3125, Australia; (M.B.); (A.I.T.); (S.J.T.)
| | - Susan J. Torres
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3125, Australia; (M.B.); (A.I.T.); (S.J.T.)
| | - Laura Esteban-Gonzalo
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carmine M. Pariante
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College, London SE5 9RT, UK;
| | - Alessandra Borsini
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College, London SE5 9RT, UK;
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Esquivel Zuniga R, DeBoer MD. Prediabetes in Adolescents: Prevalence, Management and Diabetes Prevention Strategies. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:4609-4619. [PMID: 34858039 PMCID: PMC8629936 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s284401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing obesity epidemic in children and adolescents has greatly increased the prevalence of related comorbidities. Prediabetes is defined based on levels of fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance tests or hemoglobin A1c, that are intermediate between normal levels and thresholds that define type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). As such, prediabetes represents a sign of early pathophysiology preceding T2DM development. Recent analyses of data from US adolescents estimate prediabetes to be present in 4-23% of adolescents, depending on criteria used, with other studies finding an 8% risk of progression from prediabetes to T2DM over a 3-year period. These data support the importance of intervention to avoid long-term sequelae, focusing on reducing degree of obesity and insulin resistance. Lifestyle modification, with increases in physical activity and dietary improvements, remains the first-line approach. Other interventions are based on additional long-term risks and range from metformin treatment for more moderate cases of prediabetes to bariatric surgery for adolescents with severe obesity and comorbidities. As data accumulate regarding sequelae of T2DM in adolescents, there remains a critical need for prevention of obesity and T2DM throughout childhood, and prediabetes should be a trigger for improving this risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Esquivel Zuniga
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mark D DeBoer
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Correspondence: Mark D DeBoer Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Virginia, PO Box 800386, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USATel +1 434-924-5956Fax +1 434-924-9181 Email
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Angi A, Chiarelli F. Obesity and Diabetes: A Sword of Damocles for Future Generations. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E478. [PMID: 33171922 PMCID: PMC7694547 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is one of the most challenging problem of the 21st century. The prevalence has increased, reaching an alarming rate. Furthermore, the problem is global and is also affecting low- and middle-income countries. This global obesity epidemic explains how the roots of cardiovascular disease, the most common cause of mortality among adults, begin in childhood. Overweight and obese children are likely to stay obese into adulthood and to develop noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases at a younger age. Thus, prevention should be the major goal and should start early in life. The aim of this review is to present an updated framework of the current understanding of the cardiovascular and metabolic risks in obese children and adolescents and to discuss the available therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Angi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
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Rahimi H, Yuzbashian E, Zareie R, Asghari G, Djazayery A, Movahedi A, Mirmiran P. Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) score and obesity phenotypes in children and adolescents. Nutr J 2020; 19:112. [PMID: 33012284 PMCID: PMC7534156 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity and its two important phenotypes, the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and the metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) are 10.9, 9.1, and 1.8%, respectively, among children and adolescents in Iran. Data on the link between diet quality indices and obesity phenotypes in children and adolescents is scarce. The present study aimed to assess the association of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score with MHO and MUO, as well as with cardiometabolic risk factors (RFs) in children and adolescents with excess weight. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 341 children and adolescents with excess weight aged 6-13 years, selected from primary schools of Tehran. The DASH score was determined based on eight components using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measures, insulin, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, and physical activity levels were collected. MUO was classified based on two definitions: having 2 or more cardiometabolic RFs, or being insulin resistant determined by a homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) ≥ 3.16. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MUO phenotypes and cardiometabolic RFs in each tertile of the DASH score after adjustment for confounders. RESULTS The mean ± SD for age and DASH score was 9.3 ± 1.7 years and 24.0 ± 4.9, respectively. The prevalence of MUO was 62.2% based on RFs, and 43.4% based on HOMA-IR. Participants in the highest tertile of the DASH score had significantly decreased odds for MUO based on HOMA-IR (OR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.28-0.87) compared with those in the lowest tertile, after adjustment for confounders. However, there were no associations between the DASH score and any of cardiometabolic RFs, or MUO based on RFs (OR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.38-1.20). CONCLUSION The DASH score was inversely associated with MUO based on HOMA-IR, but not associated with MUO based on cardiometabolic RFs in this sample of children and adolescents. A DASH-style diet may have favourable effects on insulin sensitivity among children and adolescents with excess weight. Universal definitions for MHO/MUO are required, and longitudinal studies recommended to shed light upon this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Rahimi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Centre, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran
| | - Emad Yuzbashian
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Centre, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran
| | - Rahim Zareie
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Centre, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran
| | - Golaleh Asghari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Centre, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran.
| | - Abolghassem Djazayery
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ariyo Movahedi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Centre, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran
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Meira RDCF, Capitani CD, Barros Filho ADA, Barros MBDA, Assumpção DD. Contribution of different foods according to the Nova classification to dietary fiber intake in adolescents. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2020; 26:3147-3160. [PMID: 34378705 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232021268.09592020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to evaluate dietary fiber intake and associated factors in adolescents, identify food sources of the nutrient, and determine associations between indicators of dietary patterns (energy/macronutrients/micronutrients) and dietary fiber intake. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted involving 24-hour recall data. The NOVA classification was used to determine the contribution of foods to dietary fiber intake. Reference values from the World Health Organization (≥12.5 g) and the US Institute of Medicine (14 g) per 1,000 kcal were used to assess intake. The mean intake of dietary fiber/1,000 kcal/day was 6.4 g (1.5 g of soluble fiber and 4.9 g of insoluble fiber) among the 891 adolescents. Fiber intake was low, especially among those who ate fruits, vegetables, and beans less, those who consumed soft drinks and processed meats more, and those who did not eat breakfast every day. Unprocessed/minimally processed foods provided 68.8%, 53.7%, and 72.1% of total, soluble, and insoluble fiber, respectively, whereas ultra-processed products provided 24.8%, 37.9%, and 21.0% respectively. Fiber intake was inversely associated with energy intake, fat, free sugar, and animal protein in the diet. The insufficient fiber intake underscores the need for actions that promote healthy nutrition on the individual and family levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela de Campos Felippe Meira
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). R. Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, Cidade Universitária. 13083-887 Campinas SP Brasil.
| | | | - Antonio de Azevedo Barros Filho
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). R. Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, Cidade Universitária. 13083-887 Campinas SP Brasil.
| | | | - Daniela de Assumpção
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). R. Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, Cidade Universitária. 13083-887 Campinas SP Brasil.
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Low intake of dietary fibre among Brazilian adolescents and association with nutritional status: cross-sectional analysis of Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents data. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:2557-2562. [PMID: 32383411 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019004105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate dietary fibre intake in Brazilian adolescents and its association with nutritional status. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study including data from the Brazilian multicentre Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). Data analysed were geographic region, sex, age, nutritional status, sexual maturation stage, socioeconomic status, school type and level of physical activity. For nutritional status classification, BMI/age was used by sex. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-h recall. Dietary fibre intake was expressed in g/d, and adequacy was determined using dietary reference intake (DRI) values. Complex sample design was considered in statistical analysis, and logistic regression was used to estimate OR for fibre intake and nutritional status. SETTING Brazilian municipalities with more than 100 000 inhabitants. PARTICIPANTS A total of 71 740 adolescents aged 12-17 years were included. RESULTS The average total dietary fibre intake was 19·1 g/d (95 % CI 18·5, 19·7), and only 13·1 % (95 % CI 11·6, 14·7) of Brazilian adolescents reached the recommendations. The results of logistic regression analysis adjusted for geographic region, sex and type of school showed that overweight and obese adolescents were 1·6 and 1·8 times more likely, respectively, to have inadequate dietary fibre intake (P < 0·0001). CONCLUSIONS Brazilian adolescents had a significantly inadequate dietary fibre intake. This was particularly notable in adolescents with excess weight. Education policies on nutrition must be implemented, as dietary fibre plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of obesity and other chronic diseases.
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Abstract
Despite plenty of currently available information on metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents, there are still uncertainties regarding definition, prevention, management and treatment of MetS in children. The first approach to MetS in children consists of lifestyle interventions (nutritional education, physical activity). These recommendations are often difficult to achieve, especially for adolescents, therefore, there is usually a lack of successful outcomes. A pharmacological intervention in obese children may be needed in some cases, with the aim to improve the effects of these primary prevention interventions. Metformin seems to be safe and presents evident positive effects on insulin sensitivity, but long-term and consistent data are still missing to establish its role in the pediatric population and the possible effectiveness of other emergent treatments such as glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues, dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors, dual inhibitors of SGLT1 and SGLT2 and weight loss drugs. Bariatric surgery might be helpful in selected cases. The aim of this review is to present the most recent available treatments for the main components of metabolic syndrome, with a focus on insulin resistance. A short mention of management of congenital forms of insulin resistance will be included too.
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Castro-Quezada I, Flores-Guillén E, Núñez-Ortega PE, Irecta-Nájera CA, Sánchez-Chino XM, Mendez-Flores OG, Olivo-Vidal ZE, García-Miranda R, Solís-Hernández R, Ochoa-Díaz-López H. Dietary Carbohydrates and Insulin Resistance in Adolescents from Marginalized Areas of Chiapas, México. Nutrients 2019; 11:E3066. [PMID: 31888175 PMCID: PMC6950049 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence of the role that dietary carbohydrates (total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, total sugars, dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL)) exerts on insulin levels in adolescents is controversial. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the association between dietary carbohydrates and insulin resistance in adolescents from Chiapas, México. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 217 adolescents. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, dietary and biochemical data were obtained. Total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, total sugars, dietary GI and GL were calculated from 24 h recalls. Two validated cut-off points for the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were used as surrogates of insulin resistance. Fasting insulin levels ≥ 14.38 μU/mL were considered as abnormal. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to assess the association between tertiles of dietary carbohydrates and insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia. In our study, adolescents with the highest dietary fiber intake had lower odds of HOMA-IR > 2.97 (OR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.13-0.93) when adjusted for sex, age, body fat percentage and saturated fatty acids intake. No significant associations were found for the rest of the carbohydrate variables. In summary, high-fiber diets reduce the probability of insulin resistance in adolescents from marginalized areas of Chiapas, México.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itandehui Castro-Quezada
- Health Department, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carr. Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, Barrio de María Auxiliadora, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas 29290, Mexico
| | - Elena Flores-Guillén
- Health Department, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carr. Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, Barrio de María Auxiliadora, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas 29290, Mexico
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Science and Arts of Chiapas, Libramiento Norte-Poniente 1150, Col. Lajas Maciel, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas 29039, Mexico
| | - Pilar E. Núñez-Ortega
- Health Department, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carr. Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, Barrio de María Auxiliadora, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas 29290, Mexico
| | - César A. Irecta-Nájera
- Health Department, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carr. A Reforma Km. 15.5 s/n, RA. Guineo 2da. Sección, Villahermosa, Tabasco 86280, Mexico
| | - Xariss M. Sánchez-Chino
- Cátedra-CONACyT, Health Department, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Villahermosa, Carretera a Reforma Km. 15.5 s/n, RA. Guineo 2da. Sección, Villahermosa, Tabasco 86280, Mexico
| | - Orquidia G. Mendez-Flores
- Cátedra-CONACyT, Health Department, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carr. Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, Barrio de María Auxiliadora, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas 29290, Mexico
| | - Zendy E. Olivo-Vidal
- Health Department, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carr. A Reforma Km. 15.5 s/n, RA. Guineo 2da. Sección, Villahermosa, Tabasco 86280, Mexico
| | - Rosario García-Miranda
- Health Department, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carr. Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, Barrio de María Auxiliadora, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas 29290, Mexico
| | - Roberto Solís-Hernández
- Health Department, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carr. Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, Barrio de María Auxiliadora, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas 29290, Mexico
| | - Héctor Ochoa-Díaz-López
- Health Department, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carr. Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, Barrio de María Auxiliadora, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas 29290, Mexico
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Wellington N, Shanmuganathan M, de Souza RJ, Zulyniak MA, Azab S, Bloomfield J, Mell A, Ly R, Desai D, Anand SS, Britz-McKibbin P. Metabolic Trajectories Following Contrasting Prudent and Western Diets from Food Provisions: Identifying Robust Biomarkers of Short-Term Changes in Habitual Diet. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102407. [PMID: 31600930 PMCID: PMC6835357 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence has linked unhealthy eating patterns with an alarming increase in obesity and chronic disease worldwide. However, existing methods of assessing dietary intake in nutritional epidemiology rely on food frequency questionnaires or dietary records that are prone to bias and selective reporting. Herein, metabolic phenotyping was performed on 42 healthy participants from the Diet and Gene Intervention (DIGEST) pilot study, a parallel two-arm randomized clinical trial that provided complete diets to all participants. Matching single-spot urine and fasting plasma specimens were collected at baseline, and then following two weeks of either a Prudent or Western diet with a weight-maintaining menu plan designed by a dietician. Targeted and nontargeted metabolite profiling was conducted using three complementary analytical platforms, where 80 plasma metabolites and 84 creatinine-normalized urinary metabolites were reliably measured (CV < 30%) in the majority of participants (>75%) after implementing a rigorous data workflow for metabolite authentication with stringent quality control. We classified a panel of metabolites with distinctive trajectories following two weeks of food provisions when using complementary univariate and multivariate statistical models. Unknown metabolites associated with contrasting dietary patterns were identified with high-resolution MS/MS, as well as co-elution after spiking with authentic standards if available. Overall, 3-methylhistidine and proline betaine concentrations increased in both plasma and urine samples after participants were assigned a Prudent diet (q < 0.05) with a corresponding decrease in the Western diet group. Similarly, creatinine-normalized urinary imidazole propionate, hydroxypipecolic acid, dihydroxybenzoic acid, and enterolactone glucuronide, as well as plasma ketoleucine and ketovaline increased with a Prudent diet (p < 0.05) after adjustments for age, sex, and BMI. In contrast, plasma myristic acid, linoelaidic acid, linoleic acid, α-linoleic acid, pentadecanoic acid, alanine, proline, carnitine, and deoxycarnitine, as well as urinary acesulfame K increased among participants following a Western diet. Most metabolites were also correlated (r > ± 0.30, p < 0.05) to changes in the average intake of specific nutrients from self-reported diet records reflecting good adherence to assigned food provisions. Our study revealed robust biomarkers sensitive to short-term changes in habitual diet, which is needed for accurate monitoring of healthy eating patterns in free-living populations, and evidence-based public health policies for chronic disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Wellington
- Department of Chemical and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
| | - Meera Shanmuganathan
- Department of Chemical and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
| | - Russell J de Souza
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada.
| | - Michael A Zulyniak
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK.
| | - Sandi Azab
- Department of Chemical and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
| | - Jonathon Bloomfield
- Department of Chemical and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
| | - Alicia Mell
- Department of Chemical and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
| | - Ritchie Ly
- Department of Chemical and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
| | - Dipika Desai
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Sonia S Anand
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada.
| | - Philip Britz-McKibbin
- Department of Chemical and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
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Acceptance of a New Food Enriched in β-Glucans among Adolescents: Effects of Food Technology Neophobia and Healthy Food Habits. Foods 2019; 8:foods8100433. [PMID: 31547483 PMCID: PMC6835998 DOI: 10.3390/foods8100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate adolescents’ acceptability of a novel flat bread modified by substituting a part of the wheat flour content with a Pleurotus ostreatus powder rich in β-glucans, which can potentially provide health benefits. The effects of food technology neophobia and adolescents’ food habits on hedonic perception of the developed product was also investigated. Two hundred and two adolescents (age range: 13–18 years; girls: 49.5%; boys: 50.5%) evaluated their liking of two flat breads, one with mushroom powder added and one control sample with only wheat flour. Sample acceptance was studied in relation to age, gender, neophobic traits and healthy food habits. The results showed that, even if the sample with mushroom powder added was generally well accepted, there were different hedonic responses among adolescents according to their food technology neophobia level and healthy habits. In particular, adolescents with a low food technology neophobia level and healthy eating behavior mostly appreciated the sample with mushroom powder added, whereas subjects with neophobic and unhealthy eating behavior gave comparable hedonic scores to the two samples. Moreover, a negative correlation was found between food technology neophobia level and healthy food habits. In conclusion, it is possible to develop a β-glucan-enriched product appreciated by adolescents using a sustainable ingredient. The developed product may be used to achieve the daily recommended intake of β-glucans by adolescents.
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Dietary patterns as a red flag for higher risk of eating disorders among female teenagers with and without type I diabetes mellitus : Adolescents with type I diabetes mellitus are a risk factor for eating disorders: a case-control study. Eat Weight Disord 2019; 24:151-161. [PMID: 28913823 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female adolescents with type I diabetes mellitus (TIDM) have an increased risk of developing eating disorders (ED) due to the dietary recommendations. OBJECTIVE Investigate the association between dietary intake and increased risk of ED. METHODS Case-control study with 50 T1DM female adolescents (11-16 years) and 100 healthy peers (CG). Measures included food frequency questionnaire (FFQ-PP), Child-EDE.12, economic and anthropometric data. RESULTS Comparing female adolescents with T1DM vs CG, the first had higher intake of: bread, cereal, rice, and pasta (29.7 vs 23.8%, p = 0.001), vegetables (6.5 vs 2.8%, p < 0.001), milk yogurt and cheese (9.9 vs 7.6%, p = 0.032), fat, and oils (8.2 vs 5.9%, p = 0.003), besides higher fiber intake (19.2 vs 14.7%, p = 0.006) and lower consumption of sweets (13.6 vs 30.7%, p < 0.001). No differences on ED psychopathology (Child-EDE subscales and global score) were found between groups. In unadjusted association between the ED psychopathology and dietary intake, a diet rich in fiber was significantly associated with both the global and eating concern scores. Among CG, increased intake of meat, poultry, fish, and eggs and decreased bread, cereal, rice, and pasta consumption were significantly associated with higher ED psychopathology. When BMI and age are adjusted, the association between fiber intake and ED psychopathology is no longer significant among diabetic participants; however, in the CG, this association remains. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that an association between dietary intake and ED psychopathology might exist in female adolescents with and without TIDM and that careful evaluation of the dietary profile and risk of developing an ED should be considered in clinical practice. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, case-control study.
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Van Hulst A, Paradis G, Harnois-Leblanc S, Benedetti A, Drapeau V, Henderson M. Lowering Saturated Fat and Increasing Vegetable and Fruit Intake May Increase Insulin Sensitivity 2 Years Later in Children with a Family History of Obesity. J Nutr 2018; 148:1838-1844. [PMID: 30383280 PMCID: PMC6533243 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying dietary factors that determine insulin sensitivity and secretion in children entering puberty may provide valuable information for the early prevention of type 2 diabetes. Objectives We assessed whether macronutrients and food groups are longitudinally associated with insulin sensitivity and secretion over a 2-y period in children with a family history of obesity, and whether associations differ by level of adiposity. Methods Data were derived from the Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth (QUALITY) Study, an ongoing prospective cohort including 630 children recruited at ages 8-10 y, with ≥1 obese parent, and followed 2 y later (n = 564). The intake of macronutrients and foods was assessed at baseline using three 24-h dietary recalls. At age 10-12 y, insulin sensitivity was assessed by the Matsuda Insulin Sensitivity Index (ISI) and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Insulin secretion was assessed by the ratio of the area under the curve of insulin to the area under the curve of glucose at 30 min and at 120 min of an oral-glucose-tolerance test. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted for each dietary factor while adjusting for age, sex, puberty, physical activity, screen time, total energy intake, and percentage of body fat; and interaction terms between dietary factors and percentage of body fat were tested. Results Saturated fat intake was associated with a 1.95% lower (95% CI: -3.74%, -0.16%) Matsuda ISI, whereas vegetable and fruit intake was associated with a 2.35% higher (95% CI: 0.18%, 4.52%) Matsuda ISI 2 y later. The association of saturated fat intake with insulin sensitivity was most deleterious among children with a higher percentage of body fat (P-interaction = 0.023). Other than fiber intake, no longitudinal associations between dietary intake and insulin secretion were found. Conclusions Lowering saturated fat and increasing vegetable and fruit intakes during childhood may improve insulin sensitivity as children enter puberty. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03356262.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilles Paradis
- Departments of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Soren Harnois-Leblanc
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada,School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Andrea Benedetti
- Departments of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada,Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vicky Drapeau
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Department of Physical Education,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada,Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Mélanie Henderson
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine and University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada,Address correspondence to MH (e-mail: )
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Bahreynian M, Qorbani M, Motlagh ME, Riahi R, Kelishadi R. Association of dietary fiber intake with general and abdominal obesity in children and adolescents: The Weight disorder survey of the CASPIAN-IV Study. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-180224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dietary fiber intake might have a protective role against obesity. The aim of this study is to explore the association of dietary fiber intake with general and abdominal obesity in Iranian children and adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional nationwide study was conducted on 5187 students aged 6–18 years, living in 30 provinces of Iran. They were selected randomly through cluster sampling method. Data on demographic and anthropometric indices including weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were collected by trained interviewers. A valid and reliable 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess student’s usual dietary intake including total dietary fiber. All dietary reports were converted to daily consumption (g/day) using household measures for different portion sizes. Food items were then converted to their nutrient content. Energy-adjusted dietary fiber intake (g/1000 kcal/day) was also calculated using the energy density method. Multivariate regression models were applied to explore the association between dietary fiber intake and anthropometric indices. RESULTS: The mean and standard deviation (SD) for age of participants were 11.40 (3.20) years. Of 5187 students, 52.6% were boys and 72.5% were from urban areas (participation rate: 79.7%). White bread (32.5%), white rice (17.1%) and potato (11.7%) were the most common sources of dietary fiber intake. Each 1 g/1000 Kcal increase in dietary fiber intake was significantly associated with lower weight and waist circumference (P = 0.006 and P = 0.008, respectively). CONCLUSION: Higher fiber intake was associated with lower anthropometric indices including weight and WC. Increased fiber intake should be encouraged for children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bahreynian
- Department of Nutrition, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Public Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Roya Riahi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Zhang T, Yang Y, Liang Y, Jiao X, Zhao C. Beneficial Effect of Intestinal Fermentation of Natural Polysaccharides. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1055. [PMID: 30096921 PMCID: PMC6116026 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of modern society, many chronic diseases are increasing including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, etc., which further cause an increased death rate worldwide. A high caloric diet with reduced natural polysaccharides, typically indigestible polysaccharides, is considered a health risk factor. With solid evidence accumulating that indigestible polysaccharides can effectively prevent and/or ameliorate symptoms of many chronic diseases, we give a narrative review of many natural polysaccharides extracted from various food resources which mainly contribute their health beneficial functions via intestinal fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiehua Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
| | - Yuan Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
| | - Xu Jiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
| | - Changhui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
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30
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Shores DR, Everett AD. Children as Biomarker Orphans: Progress in the Field of Pediatric Biomarkers. J Pediatr 2018; 193:14-20.e31. [PMID: 29031860 PMCID: PMC5794519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darla R Shores
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Allen D Everett
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Hilger-Kolb J, Bosle C, Motoc I, Hoffmann K. Associations between dietary factors and obesity-related biomarkers in healthy children and adolescents - a systematic review. Nutr J 2017; 16:85. [PMID: 29282082 PMCID: PMC5745631 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-017-0300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The obesity prevalence in children and adolescents has increased worldwide during the past 30 years. Although diet has been identified as one risk factor for developing obesity in this age group, the role of specific dietary factors is still unclear. One way to gain insight into the role of these factors might be to detect biomarkers that reflect metabolic health and to identify the associations between dietary factors and these biomarkers. This would enable nutrition-related metabolic changes to be detected early in life, which might be a promising strategy to prevent childhood obesity. However, existing literature offers only inconclusive evidence for diet and some of these obesity-related biomarkers (e.g., blood lipids). We thus conducted a systematic literature review to further examine eligible studies that investigate associations between dietary factors and 12 obesity-related biomarkers in healthy children and adolescents aged 3-18 years. Methods We searched the scientific databases PubMed/Medline and Web of Science Core Collection for potentially eligible articles. Our final literature search resulted in 2727 hits. After the selection process, we included 81 articles that reported on 1111 single observations on dietary factors and any of the obesity-related biomarkers. Results Around 81% of the total observations showed nonsignificant results. For many biomarkers we did not find enough observations to draw clear conclusions on possible associations between a dietary factor and the respective biomarker. In cases where we identified enough observations, the results were contradictory. Since these nonsignificant and inconclusive findings may impede the development of effective strategies against childhood obesity, this article takes a closer look at possible reasons for such findings. In addition, it provides action points for future research efforts. Conclusions In conclusion, current evidence on associations between dietary factors and obesity-related biomarkers is inconclusive. We thus provided an overview on which specific limitations may impede current research. Such knowledge is necessary to enable future research efforts to better elucidate the role of diet in the early stages of obesity development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12937-017-0300-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hilger-Kolb
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 7-11, D-68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Catherin Bosle
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 7-11, D-68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Irina Motoc
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 7-11, D-68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kristina Hoffmann
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 7-11, D-68167, Mannheim, Germany
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Dietary Fiber Intake among Normal-Weight and Overweight Female Health Care Workers: An Exploratory Nested Case-Control Study within FINALE-Health. J Nutr Metab 2017; 2017:1096015. [PMID: 29259826 PMCID: PMC5702918 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1096015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic factors affect choice of diet, that is, dietary fiber intake. Underreporting of food consumption in diet surveys has been reported higher in low-income, low-education groups compared to high-income, high-education groups. This paper examines in a socioeconomic homogenous low-income low-education group of females the relation between dietary fiber intake and overweight and scrutinizes if the level of underreporting is equally large in normal-weight and overweight groups. Thirty-four female health care workers classified as either normal-weight (N = 18) or obese (N = 16) based on BMI, fat percentage, and waist circumference participated. A detailed food-diary was used to record their dietary intake in 9 days. Average dietary fiber intake in the normal-weight group was 2.73 +/− 0.65 g/MJ, while it was 2.15 +/− 0.64 g/MJ for the women in the obese group. In both groups, the overall food intake was underreported. In spite of a significantly lower dietary fiber intake in the obese group, the present population of women working within health care all showed an overall low dietary fiber intake and a general underreporting of food intake. These results indicate a clear need for dietary advice especially on fiber intake to increase general health and decrease weight.
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González-Rodríguez LG, Perea Sánchez JM, Aranceta-Bartrina J, Gil Á, González-Gross M, Serra-Majem L, Varela-Moreiras G, Ortega RM. Intake and Dietary Food Sources of Fibre in Spain: Differences with Regard to the Prevalence of Excess Body Weight and Abdominal Obesity in Adults of the ANIBES Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:E326. [PMID: 28346353 PMCID: PMC5409665 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to study the intake and food sources of fibre in a representative sample of Spanish adults and to analyse its association with excess body weight and abdominal obesity. A sample of 1655 adults (18-64 years) from the ANIBES ("Anthropometric data, macronutrients and micronutrients intake, practice of physical activity, socioeconomic data and lifestyles") cross-sectional study was analysed. Fibre intake and dietary food sources were determined by using a three-day dietary record. Misreporters were identified using the protocol of the European Food Safety Authority. Mean (standard deviation) fibre intake was 12.59 (5.66) g/day in the whole sample and 15.88 (6.29) g/day in the plausible reporters. Mean fibre intake, both in the whole sample and the plausible reporters, was below the adequate intake established by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the Institute of Medicine of the United States (IOM). Main fibre dietary food sources were grains, followed by vegetables, fruits, and pulses. In the whole sample, considering sex, and after adjusting for age and physical activity, mean (standard error) fibre intake (adjusted by energy intake) was higher in subjects who had normal weight (NW) 13.40 (0.184) g/day, without abdominal obesity 13.56 (0.192) g/day or without excess body weight and/or abdominal obesity 13.56 (0.207) g/day compared to those who were overweight (OW) 12.31 (0.195) g/day, p < 0.001 or obese (OB) 11.83 (0.266) g/day, p < 0.001, with abdominal obesity 12.09 (0.157) g/day, p < 0.001 or with excess body weight and/or abdominal obesity 12.22 (0.148) g/day, p < 0.001. There were no significant differences in relation with the fibre intake according to the body mass index (BMI), presence or absence of abdominal obesity or excess body weight and/or abdominal obesity in the plausible reporters. Fibre from afternoon snacks was higher in subjects with NW (6.92%) and without abdominal obesity (6.97%) or without excess body weight and/or abdominal obesity (7.20%), than those with OW (5.30%), p < 0.05 or OB (4.79%), p < 0.05, with abdominal obesity (5.18%), p < 0.01, or with excess body weight and/or abdominal obesity (5.21%), p < 0.01, in the whole sample. Conversely, these differences were not observed in the plausible reporters. The present study demonstrates an insufficient fibre intake both in the whole sample and in the plausible reporters and confirms its association with excess body weight and abdominal obesity only when the whole sample was considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana G González-Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid 28691, Spain.
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - José Miguel Perea Sánchez
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid 28691, Spain.
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra 31008, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Ángel Gil
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II and Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18100, Spain.
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain.
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, c/Doctor Pasteur s/n Trasera del Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, Madrid 28668, Spain.
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), Madrid 28010, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Ortega
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Madrid Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain.
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Eloranta AM, Venäläinen T, Soininen S, Jalkanen H, Kiiskinen S, Schwab U, Lakka TA, Lindi V. Food sources of energy and nutrients in Finnish girls and boys 6-8 years of age - the PANIC study. Food Nutr Res 2016; 60:32444. [PMID: 27702428 PMCID: PMC5045967 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v60.32444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Data on food sources of nutrients are needed to improve strategies to enhance nutrient intake among girls and boys in Western countries. Objective To identify major food sources of energy, energy nutrients, dietary fibre, and micronutrients, and to study gender differences in these food sources among children. Design We assessed food consumption and nutrient intake using 4-day food records in a population sample of Finnish girls (n=213) and boys (n=217) aged 6–8 years from the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children Study. We calculated the percentual contribution of 55 food groups for energy and nutrient intake using the population proportion method. Results Low-fibre grain products, skimmed milk, and high-fibre bread provided almost 23% of total energy intake. Skimmed milk was the top source of protein (18% of total intake), vitamin D (32%), potassium (20%), calcium (39%), magnesium (17%), and zinc (16%). Vegetable oils (15%) and high-fat vegetable oil–based spreads (14%) were the top sources of polyunsaturated fat. High-fibre bread was the top source of fibre (27%) and iron (12%). Non-root vegetables were the top source of folate (14%) and vitamin C (22%). Sugar-sweetened beverages provided 21% of sucrose intake. Pork was a more important source of protein and sausage was a more important source of total fat and monounsaturated fat in boys than in girls. Vegetable oils provided a higher proportion of unsaturated fat and vitamin E among boys, whereas high-fat vegetable oil–based spreads provided a higher proportion of these nutrients among girls. Conclusion Commonly recommended foods, such as skimmed milk, high-fibre grain products, vegetables, vegetable oil, and vegetable oil–based spreads, were important sources of several nutrients, whereas sugar-sweetened beverages provided the majority of sucrose intake among children. This knowledge can be used in improving health among children by dietary interventions, nutrition education, and health policy decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino-Maija Eloranta
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Taisa Venäläinen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sonja Soininen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Social and Health Center, City of Varkaus, Finland.,Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henna Jalkanen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna Kiiskinen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Virpi Lindi
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Associations between Dietary Fiber Intake in Infancy and Cardiometabolic Health at School Age: The Generation R Study. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8090531. [PMID: 27589791 PMCID: PMC5037518 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF) intake may be beneficial for cardiometabolic health. However, whether this already occurs in early childhood is unclear. We investigated associations between DF intake in infancy and cardiometabolic health in childhood among 2032 children participating in a population-based cohort in The Netherlands. Information on DF intake at a median age of 12.9 months was collected using a food-frequency questionnaire. DF was adjusted for energy intake using the residual method. At age 6 years, body fat percentage, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, insulin, triglycerides, and blood pressure were assessed and expressed in age- and sex-specific standard deviation scores (SDS). These five factors were combined into a cardiometabolic risk factor score. In models adjusted for several parental and child covariates, a higher DF intake was associated with a lower cardiometabolic risk factor score. When we examined individual cardiometabolic factors, we observed that a 1 g/day higher energy-adjusted DF intake was associated with 0.026 SDS higher HDL-cholesterol (95% CI 0.009, 0.042), and 0.020 SDS lower triglycerides (95% CI −0.037, −0.003), but not with body fat, insulin, or blood pressure. Results were similar for DF with and without adjustment for energy intake. Our findings suggest that higher DF intake in infancy may be associated with better cardiometabolic health in later childhood.
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36
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Funtikova AN, Navarro E, Bawaked RA, Fíto M, Schröder H. Impact of diet on cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents. Nutr J 2015; 14:118. [PMID: 26574072 PMCID: PMC4647337 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The manifestation of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, and particularly obesity begins in children and adolescents, with deleterious effects for cardiometabolic health at adulthood. Although the impact of diet on cardiovascular risk factors has been studied extensively in adults, showing that their cardiometabolic health is strongly lifestyle-dependent, less is known about this impact in children and adolescents. In particular, little is known about the relationship between their dietary patterns, especially when derived a posteriori, and cardiovascular risk. An adverse association of cardiovascular health and increased intake of sodium, saturated fat, meat, fast food and soft drinks has been reported in this population. In contrast, vitamin D, fiber, mono-and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, dairy, fruits and vegetables were positively linked to cardiovascular health. The aim of this review was to summarize current epidemiological and experimental evidence on the impact of nutrients, foods, and dietary pattern on cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents. A comprehensive review of the literature available in English and related to diet and cardiometabolic health in this population was undertaken via the electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Medline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N Funtikova
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Food and Nutrition PhD program, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estanislau Navarro
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rowaedh Ahmed Bawaked
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedicine PhD program, University of Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fíto
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helmut Schröder
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
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37
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Evans CEL, Albar SA, Vargas-Garcia EJ, Xu F. School-Based Interventions to Reduce Obesity Risk in Children in High- and Middle-Income Countries. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2015; 76:29-77. [PMID: 26602571 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
School-based interventions are relatively new and were first introduced in the United States in the 1990s. Early programs were mainly education based with many of the findings now embedded in school policy in the form of a healthy eating curriculum. More recent school programs have taken education outside the classroom and attempted to engage parents as well as teachers. Environmental changes such as improving the quality of foods available at lunchtime and at other times during the school day are now common. Reviews of evaluations of school-based programs have demonstrated that they are effective and successfully improve dietary quality such as increasing fruit and vegetable intake and decreasing sweet and savory snacks and sweetened drinks; not just in school but over the whole day and particularly in younger school children. School-based interventions are also effective at reducing obesity if components to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviors are also targeted but not if only dietary behaviors are tackled. Most of the high-quality evaluation studies using randomized controlled trials have been carried out in high-income countries as they are costly to run. However, middle-income countries have benefitted from the information available from these evaluation studies and many are now starting to fund and evaluate school-based programs themselves, resulting in unique problems such as concomitant under- and overnutrition being addressed. Action for the future demands more focus on populations most at risk of poor dietary quality and obesity in order to reduce inequalities in health and on adolescents who have not benefited as much as younger children from school-based interventions. This will involve innovative solutions within schools as well as targeting the food environment outside schools such as reducing the density of fast-food outlets and marketing of sweet and savory snacks and drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E L Evans
- Lecturer in Public Health Nutrition, Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Salwa Ali Albar
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, King Abdul-Aziz University, PO Box 42807, 21551 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Elisa J Vargas-Garcia
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Fei Xu
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention 2, Zizhulin, Nanjing 210003, China
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Zhou Q, Wu J, Tang J, Wang JJ, Lu CH, Wang PX. Beneficial Effect of Higher Dietary Fiber Intake on Plasma HDL-C and TC/HDL-C Ratio among Chinese Rural-to-Urban Migrant Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:4726-38. [PMID: 25938914 PMCID: PMC4454936 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120504726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that high-dose supplemental dietary fiber intake has beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors. To clarify such a relationship, we examined the association between daily dietary fiber intake and plasma lipids using a cross-sectional design including 1034 (M 502, F 532) rural-to-urban workers in China. We found a dose-response relationship between increased dietary fiber intakes and increase of HDL cholesterol in male workers. There was also a dose-response relationship between increased dietary fiber intake and decreased total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) ratio in both male and female workers, after adjusting for potential confounders (p for trend, all p < 0.05). When the average dietary fiber intake increased from less than 18 g/day to over 30 g/day, the average HDL cholesterol level increased by 10.1%, and the TC/HDL-C ratio decreased by 14.4% for males (p = 0.020) and by 11.1% for females (p = 0.048). In conclusion, higher daily dietary fiber consumption is associated with beneficial effect on cholesterol for rural-to-urban workers in China, suggesting its potential beneficial effect on decreasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhou
- Faculty of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 195# West Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510182, China.
| | - Jiang Wu
- Shenzhen Baoan City Center Hospital, 6 Xiyuan Road, Baoan District, Shenzhen 518102, China.
| | - Jie Tang
- Faculty of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 195# West Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510182, China.
| | - Jia-Ji Wang
- Faculty of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 195# West Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510182, China.
| | - Chu-Hong Lu
- Faculty of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 195# West Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510182, China.
| | - Pei-Xi Wang
- Faculty of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 195# West Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510182, China.
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