1
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Spinou M, Naska A, Nelson CP, Codd V, Samani NJ, Bountziouka V. Micronutrient intake and telomere length: findings from the UK Biobank. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03460-5. [PMID: 39174689 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether micronutrient intake from food as well as the regular uptake of specific vitamins and/or minerals are associated with leucocyte telomere length (LTL). METHODS This is a cross-sectional study using data from 422,693 UK Biobank participants aged from 40 to 69 years old, during 2006-2010. LTL was measured as the ratio of telomere repeat number to a single-copy gene and was loge-transformed and z-standardized (z-LTL). Information concerning supplement use was collected at baseline through the touchscreen assessment, while micronutrient intake from food were self-reported through multiple web-based 24 h recall diaries. The association between micronutrient intake or supplement use and z-LTL was assessed using multivariable linear regression models adjusting for demographic, lifestyle and clinical characteristics. RESULTS About 50% (n = 131,810) of the participants, with complete data on all covariates, self-reported regular supplement intake. Whilst overall supplement intake was not associated with z-LTL, trends toward shorter z-LTL with regular vitamin B (-0.019 (95% CI: -0.041; 0.002)) and vitamin B9 (-0.027 (-0.054; 0.000)) supplement intake were observed. z-LTL was associated with food intake of pantothenic acid (-0.020 (-0.033; -0.007)), vitamin B6 (-0.015 (-0.027; -0.003)), biotin (0.010 (0.002; 0.018)) and folate (0.016 (0.003; 0.030)). Associations of z-LTL with these micronutrients were differentiated according to supplement intake. CONCLUSION Negative associations equivalent to a year or less of age-related change in LTL between micronutrient intake and LTL were observed. Due to this small effect, the clinical importance of the associations and any relevance to the effects of vitamin and micronutrient intake toward chronic disease prevention remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Spinou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Androniki Naska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Veryan Codd
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Vasiliki Bountziouka
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.
- Computer Simulation, Genomics and Data Analysis Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Ierou Lochou 10 & Makrygianni, Lemnos, 81400, Greece.
- Population, Policy, and Practice Research and Teaching Department, GOS Institute of child health, UCL, London, UK.
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2
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Flieger J, Forma A, Flieger W, Flieger M, Gawlik PJ, Dzierżyński E, Maciejewski R, Teresiński G, Baj J. Carotenoid Supplementation for Alleviating the Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8982. [PMID: 39201668 PMCID: PMC11354426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by, among other things, dementia and a decline in cognitive performance. In AD, dementia has neurodegenerative features and starts with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Research indicates that apoptosis and neuronal loss occur in AD, in which oxidative stress plays an important role. Therefore, reducing oxidative stress with antioxidants is a natural strategy to prevent and slow down the progression of AD. Carotenoids are natural pigments commonly found in fruits and vegetables. They include lipophilic carotenes, such as lycopene, α- and β-carotenes, and more polar xanthophylls, for example, lutein, zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin. Carotenoids can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and scavenge free radicals, especially singlet oxygen, which helps prevent the peroxidation of lipids abundant in the brain. As a result, carotenoids have neuroprotective potential. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies, as well as randomized controlled trials, have mostly confirmed that carotenoids can help prevent neurodegeneration and alleviate cognitive impairment in AD. While carotenoids have not been officially approved as an AD therapy, they are indicated in the diet recommended for AD, including the consumption of products rich in carotenoids. This review summarizes the latest research findings supporting the potential use of carotenoids in preventing and alleviating AD symptoms. A literature review suggests that a diet rich in carotenoids should be promoted to avoid cognitive decline in AD. One of the goals of the food industry should be to encourage the enrichment of food products with functional substances, such as carotenoids, which may reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Alicja Forma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.F.); (M.F.); (G.T.)
| | - Wojciech Flieger
- Department of Plastic Surgery, St. John’s Cancer Center, ul. Jaczewskiego 7, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.)
| | - Michał Flieger
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.F.); (M.F.); (G.T.)
| | - Piotr J. Gawlik
- Department of Plastic Surgery, St. John’s Cancer Center, ul. Jaczewskiego 7, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.)
| | - Eliasz Dzierżyński
- Department of Plastic Surgery, St. John’s Cancer Center, ul. Jaczewskiego 7, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.)
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Institute of Health Sciences, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1 H, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Teresiński
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.F.); (M.F.); (G.T.)
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Correct, Clinical and Imaging Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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3
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Baliou S, Ioannou P, Apetroaei MM, Vakonaki E, Fragkiadaki P, Kirithras E, Tzatzarakis MN, Arsene AL, Docea AO, Tsatsakis A. The Impact of the Mediterranean Diet on Telomere Biology: Implications for Disease Management-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:2525. [PMID: 39125404 PMCID: PMC11313773 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Telomeres are nucleoprotein complexes at the ends of chromosomes that are under the control of genetic and environmental triggers. Accelerated telomere shortening is causally implicated in the increasing incidence of diseases. The Mediterranean diet has recently been identified as one that confers protection against diseases. This review aimed to identify the effect of each component of the Mediterranean diet on telomere length dynamics, highlighting the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS PubMed was searched to identify relevant studies to extract data for conducting a narrative review. RESULTS The Mediterranean diet alleviates clinical manifestations in many diseases. Focusing on autoimmune diseases, the Mediterranean diet can be protective by preventing inflammation, mitochondrial malfunction, and abnormal telomerase activity. Also, each Mediterranean diet constituent seems to attenuate aging through the sustenance or elongation of telomere length, providing insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms. Polyphenols, vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids seem to be essential in telomere homeostasis, since they inhibit inflammatory responses, DNA damage, oxidative stress, mitochondrial malfunction, and cell death and induce telomerase activation. CONCLUSIONS The Mediterranean diet is beneficial for maintaining telomere dynamics and alleviating age-related illnesses. This review provides a comprehensive overview of cross-sectional, observational, and randomized controlled trials regarding the beneficial impact of every constituent in the Mediterranean diet on telomere length and chronic disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Baliou
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (S.B.); (E.V.); (P.F.); (E.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.T.)
- Lifeplus S.A., Science & Technological Park of Crete, C Building, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Petros Ioannou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Miruna-Maria Apetroaei
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6, Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (S.B.); (E.V.); (P.F.); (E.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.T.)
- Lifeplus S.A., Science & Technological Park of Crete, C Building, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (S.B.); (E.V.); (P.F.); (E.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.T.)
- Lifeplus S.A., Science & Technological Park of Crete, C Building, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Evangelos Kirithras
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (S.B.); (E.V.); (P.F.); (E.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.T.)
- Lifeplus S.A., Science & Technological Park of Crete, C Building, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Manolis N. Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (S.B.); (E.V.); (P.F.); (E.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Andreea Letitia Arsene
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6, Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Petru Rares, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (S.B.); (E.V.); (P.F.); (E.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.T.)
- Lifeplus S.A., Science & Technological Park of Crete, C Building, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
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Bontempo P, Capasso L, De Masi L, Nebbioso A, Rigano D. Therapeutic Potential of Natural Compounds Acting through Epigenetic Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Diseases: Current Findings and Future Directions. Nutrients 2024; 16:2399. [PMID: 39125279 PMCID: PMC11314203 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality. These diseases have a multifaceted nature being influenced by a multitude of biochemical, genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. Epigenetic modifications have a crucial role in the onset and progression of CVD. Epigenetics, which regulates gene activity without altering the DNA's primary structure, can modulate cardiovascular homeostasis through DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA regulation. The effects of environmental stimuli on CVD are mediated by epigenetic changes, which can be reversible and, hence, are susceptible to pharmacological interventions. This represents an opportunity to prevent diseases by targeting harmful epigenetic modifications. Factors such as high-fat diets or nutrient deficiencies can influence epigenetic enzymes, affecting fetal growth, metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Recent studies have shown that plant-derived bioactive compounds can modulate epigenetic regulators and inflammatory responses, contributing to the cardioprotective effects of diets. Understanding these nutriepigenetic effects and their reversibility is crucial for developing effective interventions to combat CVD. This review delves into the general mechanisms of epigenetics, its regulatory roles in CVD, and the potential of epigenetics as a CVD therapeutic strategy. It also examines the role of epigenetic natural compounds (ENCs) in CVD and their potential as intervention tools for prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bontempo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Lucia Capasso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Luigi De Masi
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Daniela Rigano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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5
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D'Angelo S. Diet and Aging: The Role of Polyphenol-Rich Diets in Slow Down the Shortening of Telomeres: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2086. [PMID: 38136206 PMCID: PMC10740764 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The ends of human chromosomes are defended by DNA-protein complexes named telomeres, which inhibit the chromosomes from fusing with each other and from being known as a double-strand break by DNA reparation proteins. Telomere length is a marker of biological aging, and disfunction of telomeres is related to age-related syndromes. Telomere attrition has been shown to be accelerated by oxidative stress and inflammation. Telomere length has been proven to be positively linked with nutritional status in human and animal scientific research as several nutrients influence it through mechanisms that imitate their function in cellular roles including oxidative stress and inflammation. Data reported in this article support the idea that following a low-in-fat and rich-plant polyphenols food diet seems to be able to slow down the shortening of telomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania D'Angelo
- Department of Medical, Movement and Wellbeing Sciences, Parthenope University, 80133 Naples, Italy
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6
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Kurashova NA, Dashiev BG, Kolesnikov SI, Kolesnikova LI. Oxidative Stress, Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity in Spermatogenesis Disorders (Review of Scientific Activity). Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 176:115-122. [PMID: 38189870 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-05979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The paper systematizes the available data on the study of oxidative stress, the relative length of telomeres, and telomerase activity in male infertility and disorders of spermatogenesis. The study of telomeres, the structures that protect chromosome ends and genome integrity, is of interest for researchers in various fields, from cell biology and epidemiology to ecology and evolutionary biology. The review includes our own data on the study of the relative length of telomeres, oxidative stress, and telomerase activity and reflects modern ideas about the importance of these structures both in the maintenance of genome stability during cell division and in gametogenesis and reproduction. Many studies indicate the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including male infertility. In turn, studies of telomeres as a biomarker of male infertility are insufficient, and the results obtained are extremely controversial and require deeper knowledge about the mechanisms underlying the dynamics of telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Kurashova
- Scientific Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - B G Dashiev
- Scientific Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - S I Kolesnikov
- Scientific Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - L I Kolesnikova
- Scientific Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
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7
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Almaguer J, Hindle A, Lawrence JJ. The Contribution of Hippocampal All-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) Deficiency to Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Overview of ATRA-Dependent Gene Expression in Post-Mortem Hippocampal Tissue. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1921. [PMID: 38001775 PMCID: PMC10669734 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that vitamin A (VA) deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a metabolite of VA in the brain, serves distinct roles in the human hippocampus. Agonists of retinoic acid receptors (RAR), including ATRA, promote activation of the non-amyloidogenic pathway by enhancing expression of α-secretases, providing a mechanistic basis for delaying/preventing amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity. However, whether ATRA is actually deficient in the hippocampi of patients with AD is not clear. Here, using a publicly available human transcriptomic dataset, we evaluated the extent to which ATRA-sensitive genes are dysregulated in hippocampal tissue from post-mortem AD brains, relative to age-matched controls. Consistent with ATRA deficiency, we found significant dysregulation of many ATRA-sensitive genes and significant upregulation of RAR co-repressors, supporting the idea of transcriptional repression of ATRA-mediated signaling. Consistent with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, Nrf2 and NfkB transcripts were upregulated, respectively. Interestingly, transcriptional targets of Nrf2 were not upregulated, accompanied by upregulation of several histone deacetylases. Overall, our investigation of ATRA-sensitive genes in the human hippocampus bolsters the scientific premise of ATRA depletion in AD and that epigenetic factors should be considered and addressed as part of VA supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Almaguer
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Ashly Hindle
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - J. Josh Lawrence
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Garrison Institute on Aging, Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, and Center of Excellence for Integrated Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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8
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Bakac ER, Percin E, Gunes-Bayir A, Dadak A. A Narrative Review: The Effect and Importance of Carotenoids on Aging and Aging-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15199. [PMID: 37894880 PMCID: PMC10607816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is generally defined as a time-dependent functional decline that affects most living organisms. The positive increase in life expectancy has brought along aging-related diseases. Oxidative stress caused by the imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants can be given as one of the causes of aging. At the same time, the increase in oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) is main reason for the increase in aging-related diseases such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, liver, skin, and eye diseases and diabetes. Carotenoids, a natural compound, can be used to change the course of aging and aging-related diseases, thanks to their highly effective oxygen-quenching and ROS-scavenging properties. Therefore, in this narrative review, conducted using the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases and complying with the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) guidelines, the effects of carotenoids on aging and aging-related diseases were analyzed. Carotenoids are fat-soluble, highly unsaturated pigments that occur naturally in plants, fungi, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. A large number of works have been conducted on carotenoids in relation to aging and aging-related diseases. Animal and human studies have found that carotenoids can significantly reduce obesity and fatty liver, lower blood sugar, and improve liver fibrosis in cirrhosis, as well as reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and erythema formation, while also lowering glycated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose levels. Carotenoid supplementation may be effective in preventing and delaying aging and aging-related diseases, preventing and treating eye fatigue and dry eye disease, and improving macular function. These pigments can be used to stop, delay, or treat aging-related diseases due to their powerful antioxidant, restorative, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties. As an increasingly aging population emerges globally, this review could provide an important prospective contribution to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Rabia Bakac
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34065 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ece Percin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34065 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Gunes-Bayir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34065 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Agnes Dadak
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
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9
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Kopec RE, Chasman DI, Okereke OI, Sesso HD. Re-remembering the influence of randomized β-carotene on cognitive decline. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:3718-3721. [PMID: 36939000 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
The wave of individuals impacted by dementia continues to rise rapidly as worldwide lifespan increases. Dietary strategies to slow cognitive decline and prolong time to clinical dementia remain understudied, but with potentially powerful public health consequences. Indeed, previously conducted large, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of micronutrients remain an under-leveraged resource to study changes in cognitive performance. As a motivating example, we highlight an ancillary report from the Physicians' Health Study, where subjects randomized to β-carotene (a provitamin A carotenoid) had a more attenuated change in longitudinal global cognitive performance and verbal memory, as compared to subjects randomized to placebo. Despite mechanistic evidence from cell and animal studies supporting a vitamin A-mediated role in the biology associated with cognition, limited follow-up work has been conducted. We argue that dietary factors (including provitamin A) deserve a second look, leveraging multi-omic approaches, to elucidate how they may mitigate cognitive decline and dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Kopec
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Foods for Health Discovery Theme, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olivia I Okereke
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Kärkkäinen T, Laaksonen T, Burgess M, Cantarero A, Martínez‐Padilla J, Potti J, Moreno J, Thomson RL, Tilgar V, Stier A. Population differences in the length and early-life dynamics of telomeres among European pied flycatchers. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:5966-5978. [PMID: 34875134 PMCID: PMC9788103 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Telomere length and shortening rate are increasingly being used as biomarkers for long-term costs in ecological and evolutionary studies because of their relationships with survival and fitness. Both early-life conditions and growth, and later-life stressors can create variation in telomere shortening rate. Studies on between-population telomere length and dynamics are scarce, despite the expectation that populations exposed to varying environmental constraints would present divergent telomere length patterns. The pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) is a passerine bird breeding across Eurasia (from Spain to western Siberia) and migrating through the Iberian Peninsula to spend the nonbreeding period in sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, different populations show marked differences in migration distance. We studied the large-scale variation of telomere length and early-life dynamics in the pied flycatcher by comparing six European populations across a north-south gradient (Finland, Estonia, England and Spain) predicting a negative effect of migration distance on adult telomere length, and of nestling growth on nestling telomere dynamics. There were clear population differences in telomere length, with English birds from midlatitudes having the longest telomeres. Telomere length did not thus show consistent latitudinal variation and was not linearly linked to differences in migration distance. Early-life telomere shortening rate tended to vary between populations. Fast growth was associated with shorter telomeres in the early life, but faster nestling growth affected telomeres more negatively in northern than southern populations. While the sources of between-population differences in telomere-related biology remain to be more intensively studied, our study illustrates the need to expand telomere studies at the between-population level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Malcolm Burgess
- RSPB Centre for Conservation ScienceSandyUK,Centre for Research in Animal BehaviourUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Alejandro Cantarero
- Department of BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland,Department of Evolutionary EcologyMuseo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Jesús Martínez‐Padilla
- Department of Biological Conservation and Ecosystem RestorationPyrenean Institute of Ecology (CSIC)JacaSpain
| | - Jaime Potti
- Department of Evolutionary EcologyEstación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC)SevilleSpain
| | - Juan Moreno
- Department of Evolutionary EcologyMuseo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Robert L. Thomson
- Department of BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland,Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Cape TownRondeboschSouth Africa,FitzPatrick Institute of African OrnithologyDST‐NRF Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of Cape TownRondeboschSouth Africa
| | - Vallo Tilgar
- Department of ZoologyInstitute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Antoine Stier
- Department of BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland,Univ LyonUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1CNRSENTPEUMR 5023 LEHNAVilleurbanneFrance
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11
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Zhao Z, Chen J, Ci F, Pang H, Cheng N, Xing A. α-Carotene: a valuable carotenoid in biological and medical research. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5606-5617. [PMID: 35478460 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
α-Carotene, one of the C40 carotenes, is a natural lipid-soluble terpene. The chemical structure of α-carotene is based on the unsaturated polyene chain skeleton, with an ε-ring and a β-ring on each side of the skeleton. α-Carotene is widely found in dietary fruits and vegetables, and the concentration depends on the plant species. In addition, processing methods and storage conditions used in the food and medical industries can alter the concentration of α-carotene in raw materials. This review of α-carotene summarizes the major studies on chemical structure, source, extraction, detection, biosynthesis, processing effect, bioactivity, medicine, and biotechnology. Whether α-carotene supplementation or a diet rich in fruits and vegetables has a positive effect on the prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other diseases is the focus of this study. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zhao
- Department of Environmental and Food Engineering, Liuzhou Vocational and Technical College, Liuzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Environmental and Food Engineering, Liuzhou Vocational and Technical College, Liuzhou, China
| | - FangFang Ci
- Weihai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Weihai, China
| | - He Pang
- Ningbo Innolux Optoelectronics Ltd, Innolux Display Group, Innolux Corporation, Ningbo, China
| | - Ning Cheng
- Department of Environmental and Food Engineering, Liuzhou Vocational and Technical College, Liuzhou, China
| | - Aijia Xing
- Department of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology (Rongcheng Campus), Weihai, China
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12
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Khosravaniardakani S, Bokov DO, Mahmudiono T, Hashemi SS, Nikrad N, Rabieemotmaen S, Abbasalizad-Farhangi M. Obesity Accelerates Leukocyte Telomere Length Shortening in Apparently Healthy Adults: A Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:812846. [PMID: 35719148 PMCID: PMC9199514 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.812846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Shorter telomere length is associated with numerous comorbidities. Several studies have investigated the role of obesity in telomere shortening. In the current systematic review and meta-analysis, we summarized the results of studies that evaluated the association between obesity and telomere length. Methods A systematic search from Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and ProQuest electronic databases up to 19 March 2021 without language restriction was performed and after data extraction and screening, 19 manuscripts were eligible to be included in the final meta-synthesis. Results The highest category of telomere length was associated with an approximate 0.75 kg/m2 reduction in body mass index (BMI; WMD = -0.75 kg/m2; CI = -1.19, -0.31; p < 0.001; I 2 = 99.4%). Moreover, overweight/obese individuals had 0.036 kbp shorter telomere length compared with non-overweight/obese adults (WMD = -0.036; CI = -0.05, -0.02; p = 0.030; I 2 = 100%). According to the results of subgroupings, continent, age, and sample size could be possible sources of heterogeneity. Conclusion From the results, it was clear that obesity was associated with shorter telomere length. Because of the observational design of included studies, the causality inference of results should be done with caution; thus, further longitudinal studies are warranted for better inference of causal association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - Trias Mahmudiono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Seyedeh Sedigheh Hashemi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Negin Nikrad
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shadi Rabieemotmaen
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Ng GYQ, Hande V, Ong MH, Wong BWX, Loh ZWL, Ho WD, Handison LB, Tan IMSP, Fann DY, Arumugam TV, Hande MP. Effects of dietary interventions on telomere dynamics. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 876-877:503472. [PMID: 35483787 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres play a critical role in maintaining cellular fate through tight regulation of cell division and DNA damage or repair. Over the years, it is established that biological ageing is defined by a gradual derangement in functionality, productivity, and robustness of biological processes. The link between telomeres and ageing is highlighted when derangement in telomere biology often leads to premature ageing and concomitant accompaniment of numerous age-associated diseases. Unfortunately, given that ageing is a biologically complicated intricacy, measures to reduce morbidity and improve longevity are still largely in the infancy stage. Recently, it was discovered that dietary habits and interventions might play a role in promoting successful healthy ageing. The intricate relationship between dietary components and its potential to protect the integrity of telomeres may provide unprecedented health benefits and protection against age-related pathologies. However, more focused prospective and follow-up studies with and without interventions are needed to unequivocally link dietary interventions with telomere maintenance in humans. This review aims to summarise recent findings that investigate the roles of nutrition on telomere biology and provide enough evidence for further studies to consider the topic of nutrigenomics and its contributions toward healthy ageing and concomitant strategy against age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Yong-Quan Ng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Varsha Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Hui Ong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Beverly Wen-Xin Wong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zachary Wai-Loon Loh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei D Ho
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lionel B Handison
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - David Y Fann
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - M Prakash Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India; Mangalore University, Mangalore, India.
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BRCA2 Haploinsufficiency in Telomere Maintenance. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:genes13010083. [PMID: 35052422 PMCID: PMC8775325 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies showed an association between monoallelic BRCA2 germline mutations and dysfunctional telomeres in epithelial mammary cell lines and increased risk of breast cancer diagnosis for women with BRCA2 999del5 germline mutation and short telomeres in blood cells. In the current study, we analyzed telomere dysfunction in lymphoid cell lines from five BRCA2 999del5 mutation carriers and three Fanconi Anemia D1 patients by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Metaphase chromosomes were harvested from ten lymphoid cell lines of different BRCA2 genotype origin and analyzed for telomere loss (TL), multitelomeric signals (MTS), interstitial telomere signals (ITS) and extra chromosomal telomere signals (ECTS). TL, ITS and ECTS were separately found to be significantly increased gradually between the BRCA2+/+, BRCA2+/- and BRCA2-/- lymphoid cell lines. MTS were found to be significantly increased between the BRCA2+/+ and the BRCA2+/- heterozygous (p < 0.0001) and the BRCA2-/- lymphoid cell lines (p < 0.0001) but not between the BRCA2 mutated genotypes. Dysfunctional telomeres were found to be significantly increased in a stepwise manner between the BRCA2 genotypes indicating an effect of BRCA2 haploinsufficiency on telomere maintenance.
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Association of Serum Total Bilirubin Concentration with Telomere Length: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4688900. [PMID: 34603596 PMCID: PMC8486523 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4688900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Mildly increased bilirubin concentration has a protective effect on oxidative stress–related diseases. However, it remains unknown whether elevated circulating bilirubin is associated with longer telomere length. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between total bilirubin concentration and telomere length. Methods We used the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002. The multivariable linear regression model was used to examine the association between total bilirubin concentration and telomere length. The nonlinear relationship was analyzed using a generalized additive model with the smoothing plot. Results A total of 7818 participants with a mean age of 49.20 ± 18.82 years were included. Compared with the lowest concentration of total bilirubin (Q1), the highest quartile of total bilirubin concentration was associated with longer telomere length in male (β = 0.04, 95 CI%: 0.00, 0.07, P = 0.024) and female (β = 0.04, 95 CI%: 0.02, 0.04, P = 0.002). Furthermore, an inverted U-shaped relationship between total bilirubin and telomere length was found. On the left of turning points (total bilirubin < 0.5 mg/dL), total bilirubin concentration was positively associated with telomere length (β = 0.23, 95 CI%: 0.14, 0.32, P < 0.001). However, the association between total bilirubin concentration and telomere length was not significant (β = 0.01, 95% CI: -0.01, 0.04, P = 0.346) above the turning point. Conclusion This is the first evidence based on a nationally representative survey demonstrating a positive and nonlinear association between total bilirubin concentration and telomere length. Future large-scale prospective studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
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Bartali B, Semba RD. Carotenoids and healthy aging: the fascination continues. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:259-260. [PMID: 33471040 PMCID: PMC7851815 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Bartali
- Independent scholar, formerly School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Mizuno Y, Konishi S, Goto C, Yoshinaga J, Hidaka M, Imai H. Association between nutrient intake and telomere length in Japanese female university students. Biomarkers 2021; 26:138-145. [PMID: 33393836 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1871409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Telomere length can be a biomarker of cumulative oxidative stress and inflammation indicating biological aging. Previous studies examined association of nutrient intake with telomere length targeting middle-aged and elderly individuals. This study examined whether dietary macro- and micronutrient intake was associated with telomere length in young females. METHODS Seventy-four Japanese young females (median (interquartile range) age was 19 (19 - 20) years) participated. We estimated their intake of nutrients (energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, essential elements, vitamins, fatty acids, and dietary fibre) using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and measured telomere length (T/S ratio, the ratio of telomere repeat copy number (T) to single-copy gene number (S)) of DNA extracted from blood by qPCR. The association between telomere length and tertiles of nutrient intake were analysed. RESULTS The median (interquartile range) of telomere length was 0.70 (0.52 - 0.98). Vitamin A intake was positively associated with telomere length (tertile 1 vs. 2, coefficient [95% confidence interval] = 0.42 [0.12, 0.71]; tertile 1 vs. 3, coefficient [95% confidence interval] = 0.33 [0.04, 0.62]) after adjusting for covariates (age, BMI, passive smoking, and drinking). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that variation in vitamin A intake might influence telomere attrition in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Mizuno
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Konishi
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chiho Goto
- Department of Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Human Life, Nagoya Bunri University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jun Yoshinaga
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Mikie Hidaka
- Department of Nursing, Tokyo Healthcare University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Imai
- Faculty of Nursing, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Sorrenti V, Davinelli S, Scapagnini G, Willcox BJ, Allsopp RC, Willcox DC. Astaxanthin as a Putative Geroprotector: Molecular Basis and Focus on Brain Aging. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18070351. [PMID: 32635607 PMCID: PMC7401246 DOI: 10.3390/md18070351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the scientific interest in natural compounds with geroprotective activities has grown exponentially. Among the various naturally derived molecules, astaxanthin (ASX) represents a highly promising candidate geroprotector. By virtue of the central polyene chain, ASX acts as a scavenger of free radicals in the internal membrane layer and simultaneously controls oxidation on the membrane surface. Moreover, several studies have highlighted ASX’s ability to modulate numerous biological mechanisms at the cellular level, including the modulation of transcription factors and genes directly linked to longevity-related pathways. One of the main relevant evolutionarily-conserved transcription factors modulated by astaxanthin is the forkhead box O3 gene (FOXO3), which has been recognized as a critical controller of cell fate and function. Moreover, FOXO3 is one of only two genes shown to robustly affect human longevity. Due to its tropism in the brain, ASX has recently been studied as a putative neuroprotective molecule capable of delaying or preventing brain aging in different experimental models of brain damage or neurodegenerative diseases. Astaxanthin has been observed to slow down brain aging by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the brain, attenuating oxidative damage to lipids, protein, and DNA and protecting mitochondrial functions. Emerging data now suggest that ASX can modulate Nrf2, FOXO3, Sirt1, and Klotho proteins that are linked to longevity. Together, these mechanisms provide support for a role of ASX as a potential geroneuroprotector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Bendessere™ Study Center, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Bradley J. Willcox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; (B.J.W.); (D.C.W.)
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
| | - Richard C. Allsopp
- Department of Anatomy and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA;
| | - Donald C. Willcox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; (B.J.W.); (D.C.W.)
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
- Department of Human Welfare, Okinawa International University, Ginowan 901-2701, Japan
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Proshkina E, Plyusnin S, Babak T, Lashmanova E, Maganova F, Koval L, Platonova E, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Terpenoids as Potential Geroprotectors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060529. [PMID: 32560451 PMCID: PMC7346221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenes and terpenoids are the largest groups of plant secondary metabolites. However, unlike polyphenols, they are rarely associated with geroprotective properties. Here we evaluated the conformity of the biological effects of terpenoids with the criteria of geroprotectors, including primary criteria (lifespan-extending effects in model organisms, improvement of aging biomarkers, low toxicity, minimal adverse effects, improvement of the quality of life) and secondary criteria (evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of action, reproducibility of the effects on different models, prevention of age-associated diseases, increasing of stress-resistance). The number of substances that demonstrate the greatest compliance with both primary and secondary criteria of geroprotectors were found among different classes of terpenoids. Thus, terpenoids are an underestimated source of potential geroprotectors that can effectively influence the mechanisms of aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Sergey Plyusnin
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Tatyana Babak
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Ekaterina Lashmanova
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Liubov Koval
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Elena Platonova
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-8212-312-894
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Galiè S, Canudas S, Muralidharan J, García-Gavilán J, Bulló M, Salas-Salvadó J. Impact of Nutrition on Telomere Health: Systematic Review of Observational Cohort Studies and Randomized Clinical Trials. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:576-601. [PMID: 31688893 PMCID: PMC7231592 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors have been implicated in the pathophysiology of several chronic diseases, but also in a lower total mortality and longer life expectancy. One of the mechanisms in which diet can reduce the risk of disease is with regard to its impact on telomeres. Telomere length (TL) is highly correlated to chronological age and metabolic status. Individuals with shorter telomeres are at higher risk of chronic diseases and mortality. Diet may influence TL by several mechanisms such as regulating oxidative stress and inflammation or modulating epigenetic reactions. The present systematic review aims to examine the results from epidemiologic and clinical trials conducted in humans evaluating the role of nutrients, food groups, and dietary patterns on TL. We also discuss the possible mechanisms of action that influence this process, with the perspective that TL could be a novel biomarker indicating the risk of metabolic disturbances and age-related diseases. The available evidence suggests that some antioxidant nutrients, the consumption of fruits and vegetables, and Mediterranean diet are mainly associated with longer telomeres. However, most of the evidence is based on high heterogenic observational studies and very few randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Therefore, the associations summarized in the present review need to be confirmed with larger prospective cohort studies and better-designed RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Galiè
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Canudas
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jananee Muralidharan
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Gavilán
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mònica Bulló
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain,Address correspondence to MB (e-mail: )
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain,Address correspondence to JS-S (e-mail: )
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Hamidi M, Kozani PS, Kozani PS, Pierre G, Michaud P, Delattre C. Marine Bacteria versus Microalgae: Who Is the Best for Biotechnological Production of Bioactive Compounds with Antioxidant Properties and Other Biological Applications? Mar Drugs 2019; 18:E28. [PMID: 31905716 PMCID: PMC7024282 DOI: 10.3390/md18010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity play remarkable roles in the prevention of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. ROS, which are formed by different pathways, have various pathological influences such as DNA damage, carcinogenesis, and cellular degeneration. Incremental demands have prompted the search for newer and alternative resources of natural bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. The marine environment encompasses almost three-quarters of our planet and is home to many eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms. Because of extreme physical and chemical conditions, the marine environment is a rich source of chemical and biological diversity, and marine microorganisms have high potential as a source of commercially interesting compounds with various pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical applications. Bacteria and microalgae are the most important producers of valuable molecules including antioxidant enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase and catalase) and antioxidant substances (such as carotenoids, exopolysaccharides, and bioactive peptides) with various valuable biological properties and applications. Here, we review the current knowledge of these bioactive compounds while highlighting their antioxidant properties, production yield, health-related benefits, and potential applications in various biological and industrial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Hamidi
- Food and Drug Research Center, Vice-Chancellery of Food and Drug, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht P.O. Box 41446/66949, Iran;
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht P.O. Box 44771/66595, Iran;
| | - Pouya Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht P.O. Box 44771/66595, Iran;
| | - Pooria Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115/111, Iran;
| | - Guillaume Pierre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.P.); (P.M.)
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
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Li W, Ma Y, Li Z, Lv X, Wang X, Zhou D, Luo S, Wilson JX, Huang G. Folic Acid Decreases Astrocyte Apoptosis by Preventing Oxidative Stress-Induced Telomere Attrition. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010062. [PMID: 31861819 PMCID: PMC6981374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most widely distributed cells in the brain, and astrocyte apoptosis may play an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Folate is required for the normal development of the nervous system, but its effect on astrocyte apoptosis is unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that folic acid (the therapeutic form of folate) decreases astrocyte apoptosis by preventing oxidative stress-induced telomere attrition. Primary cultures of astrocytes were incubated for 12 days with various concentrations of folic acid (0-40 μmol/L), then cell proliferation, apoptosis, intracellular folate concentration, intracellular homocysteine (Hcy) concentration, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, telomeric DNA oxidative damage, and telomere length were determined. The results showed that folic acid deficiency decreased intracellular folate, cell proliferation, and telomere length, whereas it increased Hcy concentration, ROS levels, telomeric DNA oxidative damage, and apoptosis. In contrast, folic acid dose-dependently increased intracellular folate, cell proliferation, and telomere length but it decreased Hcy concentration, ROS levels, telomeric DNA oxidative damage, and apoptosis. In conclusion, folic acid inhibited apoptosis in astrocytes. The underlying mechanism for this protective effect may be that folic acid decreased oxidative stress and thereby prevented telomeric DNA oxidative damage and telomere attrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; (W.L.); (Y.M.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (D.Z.); (S.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; (W.L.); (Y.M.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (D.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Zhenshu Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; (W.L.); (Y.M.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (D.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; (W.L.); (Y.M.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (D.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; (W.L.); (Y.M.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (D.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Dezheng Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; (W.L.); (Y.M.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (D.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Suhui Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; (W.L.); (Y.M.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (D.Z.); (S.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - John X. Wilson
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214-8028, USA;
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; (W.L.); (Y.M.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (D.Z.); (S.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-22-8333-6603; Fax: +86-22-8333-6603
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Ojeda-Rodríguez A, Zazpe I, Alonso-Pedrero L, Zalba G, Guillen-Grima F, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Marti A. Association between diet quality indexes and the risk of short telomeres in an elderly population of the SUN project. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:2487-2494. [PMID: 31767135 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shorter telomeres are associated with several age-related diseases, and lifestyle factors could influence this relationship. The aim of this study was to examine associations between salivary telomere length (TL) and diet quality using 5 evidence-based dietary indexes in an elderly (>55 years old) Spanish population of the SUN project (n = 886). METHOD TL was measured using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Age-adjusted TL variable through residuals methods was used for all analysis. Diet quality was assessed by the Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS), Fat Quality Index (FQI), Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) index and the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010). RESULTS TL did differ according to sex, smoking status, and dyslipidemia in elderly subjects of the SUN study. In addition, subjects with dyslipidemia (compared to absence of dyslipidemia) had a significantly higher risk (27% vs. 18%, p = 0.015) of short telomeres (<percentile 20th). Interestingly, a lower risk of having short telomeres was observed among participants in the top tertiles of the following diet quality score PDQS, MEDAS and DASH compared to the bottom tertiles in crude and adjusted models. Moreover, FQI and AHEI-2010 scores showed an inverse association with the risk of having short telomeres after adjustment for potential confounders (model adjusted for dyslipidemia interaction, p for trend = 0.025 and 0.021, respectively; and model additionally adjusted for sex and smoking status, p for trend = 0.033 and 0.029, respectively). CONCLUSION Adherence to high quality diet is associated to longer salivary TL in our elderly Spanish population of the SUN study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ojeda-Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarre's Institute for Health Research, C/Irunlarrea, 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Itziar Zazpe
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarre's Institute for Health Research, C/Irunlarrea, 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine-Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lucía Alonso-Pedrero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarre's Institute for Health Research, C/Irunlarrea, 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Zalba
- IdiSNA, Navarre's Institute for Health Research, C/Irunlarrea, 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Francisco Guillen-Grima
- IdiSNA, Navarre's Institute for Health Research, C/Irunlarrea, 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Avenida de Barañain, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Navarra Clinic, C/Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Martinez-Gonzalez
- IdiSNA, Navarre's Institute for Health Research, C/Irunlarrea, 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine-Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
| | - Amelia Marti
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarre's Institute for Health Research, C/Irunlarrea, 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Crous-Bou M, Molinuevo JL, Sala-Vila A. Plant-Rich Dietary Patterns, Plant Foods and Nutrients, and Telomere Length. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:S296-S303. [PMID: 31728493 PMCID: PMC6855941 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The world's population is aging as a consequence of an increased global life expectancy. Identifying simple strategies to promote healthy aging (i.e., absence of major chronic diseases, preserved physical and cognitive functions, intact mental health, and good quality of life) have emerged as a major public health concern. Identifying biomarkers to better characterize the aging process is a research priority. Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences at chromosome ends that prevent the loss of genomic DNA, protecting its physical integrity. Telomere length (TL) is considered a biomarker of aging: shorter telomeres are associated with a decreased life expectancy and increased rates of age-related chronic diseases. Telomere attrition has been shown to be accelerated by oxidative stress and inflammation. Since edible plants contain plenty of compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is plausible that their sustained consumption might help counteract telomere attrition. In this narrative review, we update evidence on the association between plant-rich dietary patterns and plant-based foods and TL. First, we summarize findings from observational studies on the association between TL and 1) adherence to plant-rich dietary patterns (mainly, but not only, focused on the Mediterranean diet); 2) consumption of seeds (mostly focused on nuts, grains, and coffee); and 3) intake of carotenoids, one of the plant-derived bioactives most studied in health and disease. Second, we summarize the main randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect on TL of dietary interventions involving either plant-rich dietary patterns or plant foods. Even though evidence from trials is very limited, several observational studies have reinforced the suggestive benefits of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (a plant-rich dietary pattern), consumption of seeds (and its derivatives), and dietary intake of carotenoids on TL, which further supports the research benefits of plant-rich dietary patterns and plant foods to promote health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Crous-Bou
- BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento (CIBERFES),Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Address correspondence to MC-B (e-mail: )
| | - José-Luis Molinuevo
- BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento (CIBERFES)
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER Fisiopatología de Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Address correspondence to AS-V (e-mail: )
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25
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Abstract
Telomeres are specialised structures at the end of linear chromosomes. They consist of tandem repeats of the hexanucleotide sequence TTAGGG, as well as a protein complex called shelterin. Together, they form a protective loop structure against chromosome fusion and degradation. Shortening or damage to telomeres and opening of the loop induce an uncapped state that triggers a DNA damage response resulting in senescence or apoptosis.Average telomere length, usually measured in human blood lymphocytes, was thought to be a biomarker for ageing, survival and mortality. However, it becomes obvious that regulation of telomere length is very complex and involves multiple processes. For example, the "end replication problem" during DNA replication as well as oxidative stress are responsible for the shortening of telomeres. In contrast, telomerase activity can potentially counteract telomere shortening when it is able to access and interact with telomeres. However, while highly active during development and in cancer cells, the enzyme is down-regulated in most human somatic cells with a few exceptions such as human lymphocytes. In addition, telomeres can be transcribed, and the transcription products called TERRA are involved in telomere length regulation.Thus, telomere length and their integrity are regulated at many different levels, and we only start to understand this process under conditions of increased oxidative stress, inflammation and during diseases as well as the ageing process.This chapter aims to describe our current state of knowledge on telomeres and telomerase and their regulation in order to better understand their role for the ageing process.
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26
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Canudas S, Hernández-Alonso P, Galié S, Muralidharan J, Morell-Azanza L, Zalba G, García-Gavilán J, Martí A, Salas-Salvadó J, Bulló M. Pistachio consumption modulates DNA oxidation and genes related to telomere maintenance: a crossover randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:1738-1745. [PMID: 31051499 PMCID: PMC6895461 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere attrition may play an important role in the pathogenesis and severity of type 2 diabetes (T2D), increasing the probability of β cell senescence and leading to reduced cell mass and decreased insulin secretion. Nutrition and lifestyle are known factors modulating the aging process and insulin resistance/secretion, determining the risk of T2D. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pistachio intake on telomere length and other cellular aging-related parameters of glucose and insulin metabolism. METHODS Forty-nine prediabetic subjects were included in a randomized crossover clinical trial. Subjects consumed a pistachio-supplemented diet (PD, 50 E% [energy percentage] carbohydrates and 33 E% fat, including 57 g pistachios/d) and an isocaloric control diet (CD, 55 E% carbohydrates and 30 E% fat) for 4 mo each, separated by a 2-wk washout period. DNA oxidation was evaluated by DNA damage (via 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine). Leucocyte telomere length and gene expression related to either oxidation, telomere maintenance or glucose, and insulin metabolism were analyzed by multiplexed quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction after the dietary intervention. RESULTS Compared with the CD, the PD reduced oxidative damage to DNA (mean: -3.5%; 95% CI: -8.07%, 1.05%; P = 0.009). Gene expression of 2 telomere-related genes (TERT and WRAP53) was significantly upregulated (164% and 53%) after the PD compared with the CD (P = 0.043 and P = 0.001, respectively). Interestingly, changes in TERT expression were negatively correlated to changes in fasting plasma glucose concentrations and in the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Chronic pistachio consumption reduces oxidative damage to DNA and increases the gene expression of some telomere-associated genes. Lessening oxidative damage to DNA and telomerase expression through diet may represent an intriguing way to promote healthspan in humans, reversing certain deleterious metabolic consequences of prediabetes. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01441921.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Canudas
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Address correspondence to SC (e-mail: )
| | - Pablo Hernández-Alonso
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Serena Galié
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Jananee Muralidharan
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Lydia Morell-Azanza
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology,IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Zalba
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain,IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Gavilán
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amelia Martí
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology,IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mònica Bulló
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,>Address correspondence to MB (e-mail: )
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27
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Beta-carotene, telomerase activity and Alzheimer’s disease in old age subjects. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:119-126. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01892-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Davinelli S, Trichopoulou A, Corbi G, De Vivo I, Scapagnini G. The potential nutrigeroprotective role of Mediterranean diet and its functional components on telomere length dynamics. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 49:1-10. [PMID: 30448616 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a gold standard for nutrition and the most evidence-based diet to delay the onset of age-associated pathologies. Telomeres are the heterochromatic repeat regions found at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, whose length is considered a reliable hallmark of biological ageing. Telomere shortening is, at least in part, a modifiable factor and there is evidence that adherence to the MD is associated with longer telomeres. Data from several studies indicate an association between "inflammatory/oxidative status" and telomere length (TL). The MD, as a complex exposome with thousands of nutrients and phytochemicals, may positively influence telomere attrition by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. However, it is unclear whether the protective effects on TL provided by the MD result from its individual constituents or some combination of these. Furthermore, these properties of the MD and its components are not yet fully validated by clinical endpoints in randomized trials or observational studies. Here, we summarize the data from experimental and population-based studies on the effects of the MD on TL maintenance. We will both highlight the possible role of the MD in the prevention of age-associated diseases, and attempt to identify certain aspects of the diet that are particularly important for telomere maintenance.
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29
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Freitas-Simoes TM, Ros E, Sala-Vila A. Telomere length as a biomarker of accelerated aging: is it influenced by dietary intake? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2018; 21:430-436. [PMID: 30148739 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is increasing interest in exploring whether age-related diseases can be prevented by dietary means through nutrients or food bioactives, whole foods, or specific dietary patterns. Because of the slow nature of the aging process, biomarkers such as telomere length are helpful for this purpose. Here we update the developments in the area during the last 2 years. RECENT FINDINGS Most data stem from epidemiologic studies, often cross-sectional in design. Recent articles strengthened the link between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and telomere shortening, whereas a novel association between telomere length and drinking coffee has been uncovered. Controversy on meat consumption and telomere length persists, mostly because of the presumed different effects of total meat and processed meat. In general terms, increasing consumption of antioxidant-rich plant foods relates to maintained telomere length. Feeding intervention trials with outcomes on telomere length are few and thus far have contributed little to further knowledge on this topic. SUMMARY Epidemiologic studies provide support for the putative effects of diet components on telomere length and on the aging process in general. Dietary associations with telomere length should be confirmed with adequately powered randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilio Ros
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona
- Ciber Fisiopatología de Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona
- Ciber Fisiopatología de Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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30
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Mazidi M, Kengne AP, Cheskin LJ, Banach M. Serum lipophilic antioxidants levels are associated with leucocyte telomere length among US adults. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:164. [PMID: 30029639 PMCID: PMC6054751 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0781-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the association between serum concentrations of antioxidant and telomere length (TL) in U.S adults. METHODS Participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with data available on TL measures from 2001 to 2002 were included. Serum lipophilic antioxidants level was measured using high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. We used analysis of co-variance and multivariable-adjusted linear regression models, accounting for the survey design and sample weights. RESULTS Of the 5992 eligible participants, 47.5% (n = 2844) were men. The mean age was 46.9 years overall, 47.2 years in men and 46.6 in women (p = 0.071). In age, sex, race, education, marital status, adiposity, smoking, C-reactive protein adjusted linear regressions, antioxidant, serum α-carotene, trans-β-carotene, cis- β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin and combined Lutein/zeaxanthin were positively and significantly associated with TL (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a possible positive association between serum concentrations of lipophylic antioxidant and TL. The implications of this association deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Andre Pascal Kengne
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L J Cheskin
- Department of Health, Johns Hopkins Weight Management Center Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Global Obesity Prevention Center at Johns Hopkins University, International Health/Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.,Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Zielona-Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We present a current perspective of epigenetic alterations that can lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the potential of dietary factors to counteract their actions. In addition, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of dietary treatments as epigenetic modifiers for disease prevention and therapy. RECENT FINDINGS Recent epigenome-wide association studies along with candidate gene approaches and functional studies in cell culture and animal models have delineated mechanisms through which nutrients, food compounds and dietary patterns may affect the epigenome. Several risk factors for CVD, including adiposity, inflammation and oxidative stress, have been associated with changes in histone acetylation, lower global DNA methylation levels and shorter telomere length. A surplus of macronutrients such as in a high-fat diet or deficiencies of specific nutrients such as folate and other B-vitamins can affect the activity of DNA methyltransferases and histone-modifying enzymes, affecting foetal growth, glucose/lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation and atherosclerosis. Bioactive compounds such as polyphenols (resveratrol, curcumin) or epigallocatechin may activate deacetylases Sirtuins (SIRTs), histone deacetylases or acetyltransferases and in turn the response of inflammatory mediators. Adherence to cardioprotective dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), has been associated with altered methylation and expression of genes related to inflammation and immuno-competence. SUMMARY The mechanisms through which nutrients and dietary patterns may alter the cardiovascular epigenome remain elusive. The research challenge is to determine which of these nutriepigenetic effects are reversible, so that novel findings translate into effective dietary interventions to prevent CVD or its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Z. Kalea
- Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London (UCL), UK
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Konstantinos Drosatos
- Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Temple University School of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica L. Buxton
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, UK
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Torregrosa-Crespo J, Montero Z, Fuentes JL, Reig García-Galbis M, Garbayo I, Vílchez C, Martínez-Espinosa RM. Exploring the Valuable Carotenoids for the Large-Scale Production by Marine Microorganisms. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E203. [PMID: 29890662 PMCID: PMC6025630 DOI: 10.3390/md16060203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are among the most abundant natural pigments available in nature. These pigments have received considerable attention because of their biotechnological applications and, more importantly, due to their potential beneficial uses in human healthcare, food processing, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. These bioactive compounds are in high demand throughout the world; Europe and the USA are the markets where the demand for carotenoids is the highest. The in vitro synthesis of carotenoids has sustained their large-scale production so far. However, the emerging modern standards for a healthy lifestyle and environment-friendly practices have given rise to a search for natural biocompounds as alternatives to synthetic ones. Therefore, nowadays, biomass (vegetables, fruits, yeast and microorganisms) is being used to obtain naturally-available carotenoids with high antioxidant capacity and strong color, on a large scale. This is an alternative to the in vitro synthesis of carotenoids, which is expensive and generates a large number of residues, and the compounds synthesized are sometimes not active biologically. In this context, marine biomass has recently emerged as a natural source for both common and uncommon valuable carotenoids. Besides, the cultivation of marine microorganisms, as well as the downstream processes, which are used to isolate the carotenoids from these microorganisms, offer several advantages over the other approaches that have been explored previously. This review summarizes the general properties of the most-abundant carotenoids produced by marine microorganisms, focusing on the genuine/rare carotenoids that exhibit interesting features useful for potential applications in biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Torregrosa-Crespo
- Department of Agrochemistry and Biochemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology division, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Zaida Montero
- Algal Biotechnology Group, University of Huelva, CIDERTA and Faculty of Science, Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), Parque Huelva Empresarial S/N, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Juan Luis Fuentes
- Algal Biotechnology Group, University of Huelva, CIDERTA and Faculty of Science, Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), Parque Huelva Empresarial S/N, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Manuel Reig García-Galbis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Atacama, Copayapu 2862, CP 1530000 Copiapó, Chile.
| | - Inés Garbayo
- Algal Biotechnology Group, University of Huelva, CIDERTA and Faculty of Science, Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), Parque Huelva Empresarial S/N, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Carlos Vílchez
- Algal Biotechnology Group, University of Huelva, CIDERTA and Faculty of Science, Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), Parque Huelva Empresarial S/N, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
- Department of Agrochemistry and Biochemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology division, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
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Prasad KN, Wu M, Bondy SC. Telomere shortening during aging: Attenuation by antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 164:61-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Nomura SJO, Robien K, Zota AR. Serum Folate, Vitamin B-12, Vitamin A, γ-Tocopherol, α-Tocopherol, and Carotenoids Do Not Modify Associations between Cadmium Exposure and Leukocyte Telomere Length in the General US Adult Population. J Nutr 2017; 147:538-548. [PMID: 28275103 PMCID: PMC5368581 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.243162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a biomarker of the aging process and is associated with the risk of chronic disease. Higher exposure to cadmium may be associated with shorter LTL, and adequate nutrient concentrations may be associated with longer LTL; however, the potential interaction between metals and nutrients on LTL has yet to be examined.Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether serum concentrations of vitamins and carotenoids were associated with LTL, and whether they modified the association between blood cadmium and LTL in the US NHANES (1999-2002).Methods: We evaluated cross-sectional associations between LTL and serum concentrations of vitamin A, γ-tocopherol, α-tocopherol, folate, and vitamin B-12 (1999-2002; n = 7458) and α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein + zeaxanthin, and lycopene (2001-2002; n = 4018) in a nationally representative sample of US adults (≥20 y of age) with the use of multivariable linear regression. We further investigated whether vitamin and carotenoid concentrations modified associations between blood cadmium and LTL with models stratified by serum nutrient concentrations and the inclusion of an interaction term.Results: Blood cadmium was inversely associated with LTL (percentage of LTL difference per 1 μg/L = -3.74; 95% CI: -5.35, -2.10). Serum vitamin A was positively associated (percentage of LTL difference per 1 μg/L = 4.01; 95% CI: 0.26, 7.90) and γ-tocopherol was inversely associated (percentage of LTL difference per 1 μg/dL = -2.49; 95% CI: -4.21, -0.73) with LTL. Serum folate (P-trend = 0.06) and α-tocopherol (P-trend = 0.10) were marginally positively associated with LTL, whereas vitamin B-12 (P-trend = 0.78) was not associated with LTL. Serum carotenoids were generally positively associated with LTL. Serum vitamin and carotenoid concentrations did not modify blood cadmium and LTL associations (P-interaction > 0.10).Conclusions: Results from this cross-sectional study suggest that exposure to cadmium and certain nutrients may be associated with LTL in US adults, but the serum concentrations of the vitamins and carotenoids evaluated did not modify cross-sectional associations between cadmium exposure and LTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah JO Nomura
- Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities Research, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; and,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Kim Robien
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and
| | - Ami R Zota
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC
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