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Güleç Ö, Türkeş C, Arslan M, Işık M, Demir Y, Duran HE, Fırat M, Küfrevioğlu Öİ, Beydemir Ş. Dynamics of small molecule-enzyme interactions: Novel benzenesulfonamides as multi-target agents endowed with inhibitory effects against some metabolic enzymes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 759:110099. [PMID: 39009270 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
In contemporary medicinal chemistry, employing a singular small molecule to concurrently multi-target disparate molecular entities is emerging as a potent strategy in the ongoing battle against metabolic disease. In this study, we present the meticulous design, synthesis, and comprehensive biological evaluation of a novel series of 1,2,3-triazolylmethylthio-1,3,4-oxadiazolylbenzenesulfonamide derivatives (8a-m) as potential multi-target inhibitors against human carbonic anhydrase (EC.4.2.1.1, hCA I/II), α-glycosidase (EC.3.2.1.20, α-GLY), and α-amylase (EC.3.2.1.1, α-AMY). Each synthesized sulfonamide underwent rigorous assessment for inhibitory effects against four distinct enzymes, revealing varying degrees of hCA I/II, a-GLY, and a-AMY inhibition across the tested compounds. hCA I was notably susceptible to inhibition by all compounds, demonstrating remarkably low inhibition constants (KI) ranging from 42.20 ± 3.90 nM to 217.90 ± 11.81 nM compared to the reference standard AAZ (KI of 439.17 ± 9.30 nM). The evaluation against hCA II showed that most of the synthesized compounds exhibited potent inhibition effects with KI values spanning the nanomolar range 16.44 ± 1.53-70.82 ± 4.51 nM, while three specific compounds, namely 8a-b and 8d, showcased lower inhibitory potency than other derivatives that did not exceed that of the reference drug AAZ (with a KI of 98.28 ± 1.69 nM). Moreover, across the spectrum of synthesized compounds, potent inhibition profiles were observed against diabetes mellitus-associated α-GLY (KI values spanning from 0.54 ± 0.06 μM to 5.48 ± 0.50 μM), while significant inhibition effects were noted against α-AMY, with IC50 values ranging between 0.16 ± 0.04 μM and 7.81 ± 0.51 μM) compared to reference standard ACR (KI of 23.53 ± 2.72 μM and IC50 of 48.17 ± 2.34 μM, respectively). Subsequently, these inhibitors were evaluated for their DPPH· and ABTS+· radical scavenging activity. Moreover, molecular docking investigations were meticulously conducted within the active sites of hCA I/II, α-GLY, and α-AMY to provide comprehensive elucidation and rationale for the observed inhibitory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özcan Güleç
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Sakarya University, Sakarya, 54187, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, 24002, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Sakarya University, Sakarya, 54187, Turkey.
| | - Mesut Işık
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, 11230, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, 75700, Turkey
| | - Hatice Esra Duran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, 36100, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Fırat
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate Institute, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, 11230, Turkey
| | - Ömer İrfan Küfrevioğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, 26470, Turkey
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Ajiboye BO, Famusiwa CD, Amuda MO, Afolabi SO, Ayotunde BT, Adejumo AA, Akindele AFI, Oyinloye BE, Owolabi OV, Genovese C, Ojo OA. Attenuation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by Ocimum gratissimum leaf flavonoid-rich extracts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101735. [PMID: 38799115 PMCID: PMC11127474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a group of medical conditions characterized by the body's inability to effectively control blood glucose levels, due to either insufficient insulin synthesis in type 1 diabetes or inadequate insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. According to this research, the PI3K/AKT pathway of Ocimum gratissimum leaf flavonoid-rich extracts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was studied. We purchased and used a total of forty (40) male Wistar rats for the study. We divided the animals into five (5) different groups: normal control (Group A), diabetic control (Group B), low dose (150 mg/kg body weight) of Ocimum gratissimum flavonoid-rich leaf extract (LDOGFL) (Group C), high dose (300 mg/kg body weight) of Ocimum gratissimum flavonoid-rich leaf extract (HDOGFL) (Group D), and 200 mg/kg of metformin (MET) (Group E). Streptozotocin induced all groups except Group A, which serves as the normal control group. The experiment lasted for 21 days, following which we sacrificed the animals and harvested their brains for biochemical analysis on the 22nd day. We carried out an analysis that included reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione transferases (GST), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), along with GLUT4, MDA, pro-inflammatory cytokines, NO, neurotransmitters, cholinergic enzyme activities, cardiolipin, and the gene expression of PI3K/AKT. The obtained result indicates that the flavonoid-rich extracts of O. gratissimum significantly enhanced the levels of GSH, GST, CAT, GPx, and SOD, as well as GLUT4 and cardiolipin. The levels of GSH, GST, CAT, GPx, and SOD, as well as GLUT4 and cardiolipin, were significantly increased by gratissimum. Moreover, the extracts decrease the levels of MDA, pro-inflammatory cytokines, NO, neurotransmitters, and cholinergic enzyme activities. Additionally, the flavonoid-rich extracts of O. gratissimum significantly improved the AKT and PI3K gene expressions in diabetic rats. gratissimum had their AKT and PI3K gene expressions significantly (p < 0.05) improved. The findings indicate that O. gratissimum leaf flavonoids have the potential to treat diabetes mellitus. gratissimum leaf flavonoids possess therapeutic potential in themselves and can be applied in the management of diabetes mellitus. Although further analysis can be carried out in terms of isolating, profiling, or purifying the active compounds present in the plant's extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Courage Dele Famusiwa
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Monsurah Oluwaseyifunmi Amuda
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Stephen Oluwaseun Afolabi
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin Temidayo Ayotunde
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Adedeji A. Adejumo
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Ajoke Fehintola Idayat Akindele
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Environmental Management and Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Olutunmise Victoria Owolabi
- Medical Biochemistry Unit, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Claudia Genovese
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean Via Empedocle, 58,95128, Catania, Italy
| | - Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratory (PMTCB-RL), Department of Biochemistry, Bowen University, Iwo, 232101, Osun State, Nigeria
- Good Health and Well being (SDG 03) Research Clusters, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
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Pang W, Zhang B, Zhang J, Chen T, Han Q, Yang Z. Effects of maternal advanced lipoxidation end products diet on the glycolipid metabolism and gut microbiota in offspring mice. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1421848. [PMID: 38962449 PMCID: PMC11220281 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1421848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dietary advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs), which are abundant in heat-processed foods, could induce lipid metabolism disorders. However, limited studies have examined the relationship between maternal ALEs diet and offspring health. Methods To investigate the transgenerational effects of ALEs, a cross-generation mouse model was developed. The C57BL/6J mice were fed with dietary ALEs during preconception, pregnancy and lactation. Then, the changes of glycolipid metabolism and gut microbiota of the offspring mice were analyzed. Results Maternal ALEs diet not only affected the metabolic homeostasis of dams, but also induced hepatic glycolipid accumulation, abnormal liver function, and disturbance of metabolism parameters in offspring. Furthermore, maternal ALEs diet significantly upregulated the expression of TLR4, TRIF and TNF-α proteins through the AMPK/mTOR/PPARα signaling pathway, leading to dysfunctional glycolipid metabolism in offspring. In addition, 16S rRNA analysis showed that maternal ALEs diet was capable of altered microbiota composition of offspring, and increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Discussion This study has for the first time demonstrated the transgenerational effects of maternal ALEs diet on the glycolipid metabolism and gut microbiota in offspring mice, and may help to better understand the adverse effects of dietary ALEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Pang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junshi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Oncology Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyi Chen
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiurong Han
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Seo D, Kim N, Jeon A, Kwon J, Baek IH, Shin EC, Lee J, Kim Y. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of unsaponifiable matter from okra seed in diabetic rats. Nutr Res Pract 2024; 18:345-356. [PMID: 38854468 PMCID: PMC11156772 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2024.18.3.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Okra seed is a rich source of various nutritional and bioactive constituents, but its mechanism of action is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluated the effects on glucose uptake and serum lipid profiles of unsaponifiable matter (USM) from okra seed in adipocytes and diabetic animal models. MATERIALS/METHODS USM was prepared from okra seed powder by saponification. The contents of phytosterols and vitamin E in USM were measured. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured for 6 days with different concentrations of USM (0-200 μg/mL). The diabetic rats were administered with or without USM for 5 wk. RESULTS In the USM, the contents of phytosterols and vitamin E were 394.13 mg/g USM and 31.16 mg/g USM, respectively. USM showed no cytotoxicity and led to an approximately 1.4-fold increase in glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The treatment of USM also increased the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and glucose transporter-4 in a dose-dependent manner in adipocytes. The body weight change was not significantly different in all diabetic rats. However, blood glucose and the weights of liver and adipose tissues were significantly reduced compared to those in the control diabetic rats. Treatment with USM decreased the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to the control group. The USM group also showed significantly decreased atherogenic indices and cardiac risk factors. CONCLUSION These results suggest that USM from okra seed improves the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in diabetic rats, and provides valuable information for improving the functional properties of okra seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyeon Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea
| | - Naeun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea
| | - Ahyeong Jeon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea
| | - Jihyun Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea
| | - In-hwan Baek
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Department of GreenBio Science/Food Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Junsoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Younghwa Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea
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Soetan OA, Ajao FO, Ajayi AF. Erythritol attenuates testicular dysfunction in diabetic rat via suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 690:149254. [PMID: 37988877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia -induced oxidative stress and inflammation have been closely associated with diabetes complications including testicular dysfunction. Conversely, reducing blood glucose and/or use of antioxidant have been associated with reduced diabetes complications. The present study investigated the effect of erythritol (which has both antioxidant and blood glucose lowering function) on diabetes -induced testicular dysfunction in rats. Thirty male Wistar rats (170-200g) were randomly divided into 5 groups: 1) control; 2) erythritol; 3) diabetic; 4) diabetic + erythritol 1000 mg/kg; and 5) diabetic + metformin 300 mg/kg. After 8 weeks of treatment period, blood sample, testes and epididymis were collected for reproductive hormones, biochemical and histological examinations, and sperm analysis respectively. There was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in sperm count, sperm motility, sperm morphology and serum reproductive hormones (Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Leutinizing hormone (LH), testosterone and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)) of diabetes rat compared to control. Also, diabetes rat showed increase in sperm and testicular malonaldehyde (MDA) and decrease in sperm and testicular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) level. Further, diabetes rat showed reduced testicular weight, decreased testicular 17β-HSD and 3β-HSD activity and testicular histo-architectural alteration which were accompanied by decrease testicular vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and concomitant increase in testicular myeloperoxidase activity and level of caspase 3. The present results indicates that induction of diabetes in rat causes reduction in the level of reproductive hormones (Testosterone, LH and FSH) as well as sperm and testicular oxidative stress causing abnormal sperm parameters, and biochemical and histo-architectural alterations in the testes of rats. In addition, the present results suggest that erythritol administration reduced blood glucose and ameliorated hyperglycemia -induced oxidative stress -mediated alterations in both sperm and testes of diabetes rat. Further, the present study suggests that erythritol improved testicular oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis by up-regulating VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Soetan
- Reproduction and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Thomas Adewumi University, Oko, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - F O Ajao
- Reproduction and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - A F Ajayi
- Reproduction and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo, Nigeria; Anchor Biomed Research Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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Reitzner SM, Emanuelsson EB, Arif M, Kaczkowski B, Kwon AT, Mardinoglu A, Arner E, Chapman MA, Sundberg CJ. Molecular profiling of high-level athlete skeletal muscle after acute endurance or resistance exercise - A systems biology approach. Mol Metab 2024; 79:101857. [PMID: 38141850 PMCID: PMC10805945 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-term high-level exercise training leads to improvements in physical performance and multi-tissue adaptation following changes in molecular pathways. While skeletal muscle baseline differences between exercise-trained and untrained individuals have been previously investigated, it remains unclear how training history influences human multi-omics responses to acute exercise. METHODS We recruited and extensively characterized 24 individuals categorized as endurance athletes with >15 years of training history, strength athletes or control subjects. Timeseries skeletal muscle biopsies were taken from M. vastus lateralis at three time-points after endurance or resistance exercise was performed and multi-omics molecular analysis performed. RESULTS Our analyses revealed distinct activation differences of molecular processes such as fatty- and amino acid metabolism and transcription factors such as HIF1A and the MYF-family. We show that endurance athletes have an increased abundance of carnitine-derivates while strength athletes increase specific phospholipid metabolites compared to control subjects. Additionally, for the first time, we show the metabolite sorbitol to be substantially increased with acute exercise. On transcriptional level, we show that acute resistance exercise stimulates more gene expression than acute endurance exercise. This follows a specific pattern, with endurance athletes uniquely down-regulating pathways related to mitochondria, translation and ribosomes. Finally, both forms of exercise training specialize in diverging transcriptional directions, differentiating themselves from the transcriptome of the untrained control group. CONCLUSIONS We identify a "transcriptional specialization effect" by transcriptional narrowing and intensification, and molecular specialization effects on metabolomic level Additionally, we performed multi-omics network and cluster analysis, providing a novel resource of skeletal muscle transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling in highly trained and untrained individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan M Reitzner
- Department Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Eric B Emanuelsson
- Department Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bogumil Kaczkowski
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama, 1 Chome-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Andrew Tj Kwon
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama, 1 Chome-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Arner
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama, 1 Chome-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1 Chome-3-3-2 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Mark A Chapman
- Department Physiology & Pharmacology, Department Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Integrated Engineering, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcalà Park, San Diego, CA 92110, USA
| | - Carl Johan Sundberg
- Department Physiology & Pharmacology, Department Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 65 Solna, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
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Soetan OA, Ajao FO, Ajayi AF. Blood glucose lowering and anti-oxidant potential of erythritol: An in vitro and in vivo study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:1217-1229. [PMID: 37975140 PMCID: PMC10638257 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Diabetes is a major cause of death worldwide and Nigeria is not an exception. The quest to lower sugar levels has become a major factor in the management of diabetes; this has occasioned the use of substitutes for refined sugar in beverages. Erythritol is a natural sweetener gaining immense interest in recent times. Like metformin, erythritol has shown hydroxyl radical scavenging ability and has metabolic profile suitable for diabetics. Therefore, the blood glucose-lowering and anti-oxidant properties of erythritol under in vitro and in vivo systems were accessed. Methods Radical scavenging assay (ABTS and DPPH) and inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzymes (alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase) were employed to determine in vitro anti-oxidant and glucose regulatory function of erythritol respectively. Molecular docking studies were performed between 3D structures of human pancreatic alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, isomaltase from saccharomyces cerevisiae with erythritol. The drug-like activity of erythritol was also assessed.Thereafter, we investigated the effect of erythritol on blood glucose and antioxidant status of normal and streptozocin- nicotinamide-induced diabetes rats which were grouped into five (n = 5); Normal, Ery (normal and administered erythritol), Db (diabetic control), Db + Ery (diabetic and administered erythritol), and Db + Met (diabetic and administered metformin). Results Erythritol showed a considerable radical scavenging activity and an ability to inhibit alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase in vitro. Also, a significant reduction in glucose intolerance, blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels and improved antioxidant level was seen in erythritol-treated diabetic rats. Conclusion Erythritol showed anti-oxidant activity, alpha amylase and glucosidase enzyme inhibition property, improved antioxidant status and ameliorated blood glucose, HbA1c, and glucose intolerance following diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. A. Soetan
- Reproduction and Bionformatics Research Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Thomas Adewumi University, Oko, Kwara State Nigeria
| | - F. O. Ajao
- Reproduction and Bionformatics Research Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo Nigeria
| | - A. F. Ajayi
- Reproduction and Bionformatics Research Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo Nigeria
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Younes M, Aquilina G, Castle L, Degen G, Engel K, Fowler PJ, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Fürst P, Gundert‐Remy U, Gürtler R, Husøy T, Manco M, Mennes W, Moldeus P, Passamonti S, Shah R, Waalkens‐Berendsen I, Wright M, Batke M, Boon P, Bruzell E, Chipman J, Crebelli R, FitzGerald R, Fortes C, Halldorsson T, LeBlanc J, Lindtner O, Mortensen A, Ntzani E, Wallace H, Barmaz S, Civitella C, D'Angelo L, Lodi F, Laganaro M, Rincon AM, Smeraldi C, Tard A. Re-evaluation of erythritol (E 968) as a food additive. EFSA J 2023; 21:e8430. [PMID: 38125972 PMCID: PMC10731997 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This opinion addresses the re-evaluation of erythritol (E 968) as food additive and an application for its exemption from the laxative warning label requirement as established under Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011. Erythritol is a polyol obtained by fermentation with Moniliella pollinis BC or Moniliella megachiliensis KW3-6, followed by purifications and drying. Erythritol is readily and dose-dependently absorbed in humans and can be metabolised to erythronate to a small extent. Erythritol is then excreted unchanged in the urine. It does not raise concerns regarding genotoxicity. The dataset evaluated consisted of human interventional studies. The Panel considered that erythritol has the potential to cause diarrhoea in humans, which was considered adverse because its potential association with electrolyte and water imbalance. The lower bound of the range of no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) for diarrhoea of 0.5 g/kg body weight (bw) was identified as reference point. The Panel considered appropriate to set a numerical acceptable daily intake (ADI) at the level of the reference point. An ADI of 0.5 g/kg bw per day was considered by the Panel to be protective for the immediate laxative effect as well as potential chronic effects, secondary to diarrhoea. The highest mean and 95th percentile chronic exposure was in children (742 mg/kg bw per day) and adolescents (1532 mg/kg bw per day). Acute exposure was maximally 3531 mg/kg bw per meal for children at the 99th percentile. Overall, the Panel considered both dietary exposure assessments an overestimation. The Panel concluded that the exposure estimates for both acute and chronic dietary exposure to erythritol (E 968) were above the ADI, indicating that individuals with high intake may be at risk of experiencing adverse effects after single and repeated exposure. Concerning the new application, the Panel concluded that the available data do not support the proposal for exemption.
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Jiang Y, Yin H, Wang H, Tao T, Zhang Y. Erythritol aggravates gut inflammation and anxiety-like behavioral disorders induced by acute dextran sulfate sodium administration in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:1354-1363. [PMID: 37604788 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Erythritol is a widely used sugar substitute in food and beverages with beneficial and detrimental roles in obesity and cardiovascular diseases, respectively; however, its influence on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and related behavioral disorders is not well understood. Here, we found that erythritol exacerbated gut inflammation by promoting macrophage infiltration and inducing M1 macrophage polarization, thus increasing gut leakage during colitis triggered by acute dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment. Increased gut permeability can cause neuroinflammation and anxiety-like behavioral disorders. In conclusion, our results revealed a negative role for erythritol in gut inflammation and anxiety-like behavioral disorders induced by erythritol administration in a mouse model of acute colitis, suggesting that erythritol intake control may be necessary for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hailing Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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10
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Oyebode OA, Erukainure OL, Mopuri R, Sanni O, Koorbanally NA, Islam MS. Butanol fraction of Alstonia boonei De Wild. leaves ameliorate oxidative stress and modulate key hypoglycaemic processes in diabetic rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1091-1104. [PMID: 33840309 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1899240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect of Alstonia boonei fractions on glucose homeostasis was investigated via in vitro enzyme inhibition activity, ex vivo glucose uptake assay, and in vivo methods in diabetic rats. METHODOLOGY A. boonei fractions were subjected to in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory assay and then ex vivo glucose uptake activity. The butanol fraction of the leaves (ABBF) was picked for the in vivo assay since it showed more activity in the initial tests conducted. ABBF was administrated via oral dosing to six-weeks old fructose-fed STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rats over a 5-week experimental period. RESULTS ABBF treatment at a low dose of 150 mg/kg bw, significantly (p < .05) reduced blood glucose level, enhanced oral glucose tolerance ability, restored insulin secretion and hepatic glycogen synthesis as well as promoted islet regeneration than the high dose (300 mg/kg bw). CONCLUSION These results suggest that ABBF could be exploited as a therapeutic potential for treating T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olajumoke A Oyebode
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Ramgopal Mopuri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Biotechnology, SriKrishnadevara University, Anantapur, India
| | - Olakunle Sanni
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen), North-West University (NWU), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Neil A Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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11
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Chen J, Deng LL, Xiao XL, Long SY, Deng Y, Peng T, Xie J, Zhang XY. An Association between Decreased Small Intestinal RNA Modification and Disturbed Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Secretion under High-Fat Diet Stress. Nutrients 2023; 15:3707. [PMID: 37686740 PMCID: PMC10490556 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy diets rich in fats and/or sugar are considered as the major external cause of the obesity epidemic, which is often accompanied by a significant decrease in gut hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) levels. Numerous studies have demonstrated notable contributions of the gut microbiota in this process. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism still needs further investigation. The role of epigenetic modifications in gene expression and metabolism has been well demonstrated, with m6A methylation on RNAs being the most prevalent modification throughout their metabolism. In the present study, we found that the expressions of small intestinal Gcg and Pc3, two key genes regulating GLP1 expression, were significantly downregulated in obese mice, associated with reduced GLP1 level. Immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that a high-fat diet slightly increased the density of enteroendocrine L cells in the small intestine, implying that decreased GLP1 levels were not caused by the changes in L cell intensity. Instead, the small intestinal m6A level as well as the expression of known "writers", mettl3/14 and wtap, were found to be positively correlated with the expression of Gcg and Pc3. Fecal microbiota transplantation with feces from normal and obese mice daily to antibiotic-treated mice revealed that dysbiosis in diet-induced obesity was sufficient to reduce serum GLP1, small intestinal m6A level, and intestinal expressions of Gcg, Pc3, and writer genes (mettl3/14, wtap). However, as the most direct and universal methyl donor, the production of fecal S-adenosylmethionine was neither affected by the different dietary patterns nor their shaped microbiota. These results suggested that microbial modulation of the epitranscriptome may be involved in regulating GLP1 expression, and highlighted epitranscriptomic modifications as an additional level of interaction between diet and individual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (J.C.)
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
| | - Lin-Ling Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (J.C.)
| | - Xing-Lin Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (J.C.)
| | - Shi-Yuan Long
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (J.C.)
| | - Yuan Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (J.C.)
| | - Tong Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
- Keystonecare Technology (Chengdu) Co., Ltd., No.200 Tianfu 5th Street, Chengdu 610094, China
| | - Jie Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (J.C.)
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (J.C.)
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12
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Ding F, Wang Q, Xie C, Wang M, Zhang L, Gao M, Yang Z, Ma J, Shi X, Chen W, Duan S, Yuan P, Li Y, Ma X, Wu Y, Liu J, Feng X, Cheng Q, Wang Z, Li X, Huang J. The impact of mulberry leaf extract at three different levels on reducing the glycemic index of white bread. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288911. [PMID: 37561734 PMCID: PMC10414662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the influences of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) addition on the physicochemical properties including the specific volume, texture and sensory features of white bread (WB) were evaluated by the sensory analysis technology. A double-blind, randomised, repeat-measure design was used to study the impact of MLE addition on the postprandial blood glucose response as well as the satiety index of WB. Results showed that the addition of MLE showed no significant effects on the physicochemical properties of WB except for the slight changes of color and bitterness. The addition of MLE significantly reduced the total blood glucose rise after ingestion of WB over 120 minutes, and reduced the GI value of WB in a dose-effect relationship. When the concentration of MLE reached 1.5 g per 100 g available carbohydrate, the GI value of WB could be reduced from 77 to 43. This study provides important information in terms of the appropriateness of MLE when added to more complex real food, the dose-dependent relationship could supply a reference for the application of MLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Ding
- Beijing key laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- Beijing key laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Xie
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing key laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Beijing key laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Gao
- Beijing key laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongling Yang
- Beijing key laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianrui Ma
- Beijing key laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Health Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Health Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenglin Duan
- Beijing key laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Beijing key laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yali Li
- Beijing key laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xishan Ma
- Beijing key laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yimin Wu
- Beijing key laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing key laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Feng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingli Cheng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zichun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuyan Li
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingmei Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Salau VF, Erukainure OL, Koorbanally NA, Islam MS. Kolaviron modulates dysregulated metabolism in oxidative pancreatic injury and inhibits intestinal glucose absorption with concomitant stimulation of muscle glucose uptake. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:157-167. [PMID: 32799570 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1806331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This present study investigated the antioxidative and antidiabetic properties of kolaviron by analysing its inhibitory effect on key metabolic activities linked to T2D, in vitro and ex vivo. Kolaviron significantly inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities, and intestinal glucose absorption dose-dependently, while promoting muscle glucose uptake. Induction of oxidative pancreatic injury significantly depleted glutathione level, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ATPase activities, while elevating malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels, acetylcholinesterase and chymotrypsin activities. These levels and activities were significantly reversed in tissues treated with kolaviron. Kolaviron depleted oxidative-induced metabolites, with concomitant restoration of oxidative-depleted metabolites. It also inactivated oxidative-induced ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, fructose and mannose metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism, while reactivating selenocompound metabolism. These results depict the antidiabetic properties of kolaviron as indicated by its ability to attenuate oxidative-induced enzyme activities and dysregulated metabolisms, and modulated the enzyme activities linked to hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica F Salau
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Veritas University, Bwari, Nigeria
| | - Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Neil A Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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14
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Metabolic Effects and Safety Aspects of Acute D-allulose and Erythritol Administration in Healthy Subjects. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020458. [PMID: 36678329 PMCID: PMC9863415 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in sugar consumption is associated with various negative metabolic and inflammatory effects; therefore, alternative sweeteners become of interest. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic effects and safety aspects of acute D-allulose and erythritol on glucose, insulin, ghrelin, blood lipids, uric acid, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP). In three study visits, 18 healthy subjects received an intragastric administration of 25 g D-allulose or 50 g erythritol, or 300 mL tap water (placebo) in a randomized, double-blind and crossover order. To measure the aforementioned parameters, blood samples were drawn at fixed time intervals. Glucose and insulin concentrations were lower after D-allulose compared to tap water (p = 0.001, dz = 0.91 and p = 0.005, dz = 0.58, respectively); however, Bayesian models show no difference for insulin in response to D-allulose compared to tap water, and there was no effect after erythritol. An exploratory analysis showed that ghrelin concentrations were reduced after erythritol compared to tap water (p = 0.026, dz = 0.59), with no effect after D-allulose; in addition, both sweeteners had no effect on blood lipids, uric acid and hsCRP. This combination of properties identifies both sweeteners as excellent candidates for effective and safe sugar alternatives.
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15
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Mazi TA, Stanhope KL. Erythritol: An In-Depth Discussion of Its Potential to Be a Beneficial Dietary Component. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15010204. [PMID: 36615861 PMCID: PMC9824470 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The sugar alcohol erythritol is a relatively new food ingredient. It is naturally occurring in plants, however, produced commercially by fermentation. It is also produced endogenously via the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Consumers perceive erythritol as less healthy than sweeteners extracted from plants, including sucrose. This review evaluates that perspective by summarizing current literature regarding erythritol's safety, production, metabolism, and health effects. Dietary erythritol is 30% less sweet than sucrose, but contains negligible energy. Because it is almost fully absorbed and excreted in urine, it is better tolerated than other sugar alcohols. Evidence shows erythritol has potential as a beneficial replacement for sugar in healthy and diabetic subjects as it exerts no effects on glucose or insulin and induces gut hormone secretions that modulate satiety to promote weight loss. Long-term rodent studies show erythritol consumption lowers body weight or adiposity. However, observational studies indicate positive association between plasma erythritol and obesity and cardiometabolic disease. It is unlikely that dietary erythritol is mediating these associations, rather they reflect dysregulated PPP due to impaired glycemia or glucose-rich diet. However, long-term clinical trials investigating the effects of chronic erythritol consumption on body weight and risk for metabolic diseases are needed. Current evidence suggests these studies will document beneficial effects of dietary erythritol compared to caloric sugars and allay consumer misperceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tagreed A. Mazi
- Department of Community Health Sciences-Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kimber L. Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 530-752-3720
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16
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Oyedemi SO, Eze K, Aiyegoro OA, Ibeh RC, Ikechukwu GC, Swain SS, Ejiofor E, Oyedemi BO. Computational, chemical profiling and biochemical evaluation of antidiabetic potential of Parkia biglobosa stem bark extract in type 2 model of rats. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:9948-9961. [PMID: 34180357 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1938228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the antidiabetic and antioxidant capacity of hydromethanol extract from Parkia biglobosa stem bark (PBSBHM) in fructose-streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats after 28 days of oral administration. Simultaneously, evaluated the phenolic profiles and mineral compositions of crude extract. Molecular docking analysis of protocatechuic acid, the most abundant phenolic acid with potential downstream partners protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II), was investigated. The preliminary results showed that PBSBHM crude extract contained 225.2 ± 18.25 mg GAE/g of total phenolic and 99.28 ± 12.3 mg QE/g of total flavonoid. Both protocatechuic and gallic acids were identified as a prominent phenolic compound through HPLC analysis, while vanillic acid was not detected. High mineral composition of K, Mg, P, Ca while Mn and Cr as trace elements were found in PBSBHM by plasma optical emission spectroscopy. PBSBHM extracts showed a significant radical scavenging activity from a therapeutic point of view, a moderate antioxidant potential and improved glucose tolerance after 30 min of glucose loading. PBSBHM extracts significantly attenuated serum glucose level and glycosylated haemoglobin at the tested dosage. However, it elevated the hepatic hexokinase activity and glycogen level compared with the diabetic untreated rats. PBSBHM ameliorates the decreased activity of pancreatic superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione but decreased the MDA level. Docking analysis of protocatechuic acid showed a moderate affinity for the target enzymes compared to the standard drugs. Our data showed that the stem bark extract of this botanical has antidiabetic potential and at least in part substantiates its traditional use in the management of diabetes, possibly due to the synergistic interactions of protocatechuic acid with other biologically active components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday O Oyedemi
- School of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmacology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley Eze
- School of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmacology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Olayinka A Aiyegoro
- GI Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Agricultural Research Council, Animal Production Institute, Irene, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Raymond C Ibeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Gavin C Ikechukwu
- School of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmacology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Emmanuel Ejiofor
- Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical sciences, Faculty of Science, Clifford University, Owerrinta, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Blessing O Oyedemi
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria
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17
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In Vitro Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, and Prebiotic Activities of the Chemical Compounds Isolated from Guizotia abyssinica. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122482. [PMID: 36552690 PMCID: PMC9774103 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
India and Ethiopia employ Guizotia abyssinica (niger plant) as a source of edible vegetable oil. Previous studies have documented the niger plant's antioxidant properties and dietary benefits. Here, G. abyssinica extract was obtained and ten known bioactive components (1-10) were isolated. The antioxidant, antidiabetic, and prebiotic properties of whole extract and isolated components of niger and the plant's ability to cooperate symbiotically with probiotic strains were examined. Compound 10, myricetin-3-O-L-rhamnoside, had the highest antioxidant capacity measured in the 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH, 4629.76 ± 6.02 µmol Trolox equivalent/g compound) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP, 2667.62 ± 7.5 mol Trolox equivalent/g compound) assays. The lowest α-amylase and glycogen phosphorylase activities and glucose diffusion were obtained with whole G. abyssinica extracts, whereas compounds 8-10 had moderate inhibitory effects. G. abyssinica extract also induced the highest glucose absorption by yeast cells in the presence of 5 mM of glucose. Moreover, Lactobacillus plantarum and L. rhamnosus incubated with β-sitosterol 3-O-D-glucoside (compound 7) showed the highest prebiotic activity score. The levels of L-(+)-lactic acid isomer in the probiotic strains were the highest in presence of the whole extract and decreased progressively in the presence of flavonoid glycosides (compounds 8-10) and β-sitosterol 3-O-D-glucoside. The enzymatic profile of the probiotic strains was unaffected by the niger extract and compounds 7-10. The findings revealed that the biological activities of G. abyssinica extract are mediated by the compounds 1-10, and it may be considered as a promising plant for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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18
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Mohamed AI, Salau VF, Erukainure OL, Islam MS. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. polyphenolic-rich extract promotes muscle glucose uptake and inhibits intestinal glucose absorption with concomitant amelioration of Fe 2+ -induced hepatic oxidative injury. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14399. [PMID: 36259155 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this current study, the antidiabetic effectiveness of Hibiscus sabdariffa and its protective function against Fe2+ -induced oxidative hepatic injury were elucidated using in vitro, in silico, and ex vivo studies. The oxidative damage was induced in hepatic tissue by incubation with 0.1 mMolar ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) and then treated with different concentrations of crude extracts (ethyl acetate, ethanol, and aqueous) of H. sabdariffa flowers for 30 min at 37°C. When compared to ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts, the ethanolic extract displayed the most potent scavenging activity in ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and nitric oxide (NO) assays, with IC50 values of 2.8 μl/ml, 3.3 μl/ml, and 9.2 μl/ml, respectively. The extracts significantly suppressed α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities (p < .05), with the ethanolic extract demonstrating the highest activity. H. sabdariffa significantly (p < .05) raised reduced glutathione (GSH) levels while simultaneously decreasing malondihaldehyde (MDA) and NO levels and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity in Fe2+ induced oxidative hepatic injury. The extract of the plant inhibited intestinal glucose absorption and increased muscular glucose uptake. The extract revealed the presence of several phenolic compounds when submitted to gas chromatography-mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) screening, which was docked with α-glucosidase and α- amylase. The molecular docking displayed the compound 4-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)butyl acrylate strongly interacted with α-glucosidase and α-amylase and had the lowest free binding energy compared to other compounds and acarbose. These results suggest that H. sabdariffa has promising antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In recent years, there has been increased concern about the side effects of synthetic anti-diabetic drugs, as well as their expensive cost, especially in impoverished nations. This has instigated a radical shift towards the use of traditional plants, which are rich in phytochemicals many years ago. Among these plants, H. sabdariffa has been used to treat diabetes in traditional medicine. In this present study, H. sabdariffa extracts demonstrated the ability to inhibit carbohydrate digesting enzymes, facilitate muscle glucose uptake and attenuate oxidative stress in oxidative hepatic injury. Hence, demonstrating H. sabdariffa's potential to protect against oxidative damage and the complications associated with diabetes. Consumption of Hibiscus tea or juice may be a potential source for developing an anti-diabetic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almahi I Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Veronica F Salau
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
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19
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Recent trends in extraction, identification and quantification methods of Centella asiatica phytochemicals with potential applications in food industry and therapeutic relevance: A review. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Wasserman DH. Insulin, Muscle Glucose Uptake, and Hexokinase: Revisiting the Road Not Taken. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:115-127. [PMID: 34779282 PMCID: PMC8977147 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00034.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Research conducted over the last 50 yr has provided insight into the mechanisms by which insulin stimulates glucose transport across the skeletal muscle cell membrane Transport alone, however, does not result in net glucose uptake as free glucose equilibrates across the cell membrane and is not metabolized. Glucose uptake requires that glucose is phosphorylated by hexokinases. Phosphorylated glucose cannot leave the cell and is the substrate for metabolism. It is indisputable that glucose phosphorylation is essential for glucose uptake. Major advances have been made in defining the regulation of the insulin-stimulated glucose transporter (GLUT4) in skeletal muscle. By contrast, the insulin-regulated hexokinase (hexokinase II) parallels Robert Frost's "The Road Not Taken." Here the case is made that an understanding of glucose phosphorylation by hexokinase II is necessary to define the regulation of skeletal muscle glucose uptake in health and insulin resistance. Results of studies from different physiological disciplines that have elegantly described how hexokinase II can be regulated are summarized to provide a framework for potential application to skeletal muscle. Mechanisms by which hexokinase II is regulated in skeletal muscle await rigorous examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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21
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Oliveira B, Falkenhain K, Little JP. Sugar-Free Dark Chocolate Consumption Results in Lower Blood Glucose in Adults With Diabetes. Nutr Metab Insights 2022; 15:11786388221076962. [PMID: 35153489 PMCID: PMC8832613 DOI: 10.1177/11786388221076962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by an impaired ability to appropriately control blood glucose. Postprandial hyperglycemia, in particular, is associated with complications in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The objective of this study was to determine how sugar-free dark chocolate sweetened with stevia, erythritol, and inulin impacts postprandial blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes compared to conventional dark chocolate. In a randomized crossover design, 13 participants consumed 1 bar (34 g) of sugar-free dark chocolate or 1 bar (34 g) of conventional dark chocolate with glucose levels measured before and throughout a 120-min postprandial period. The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was lower after the consumption of sugar-free dark chocolate (−65%, P = .04) compared to conventional dark chocolate. No significant differences between chocolates were found for peak glucose value above baseline, the total area under the curve, or peak glucose values. Our results suggest that a sugar-free dark chocolate bar sweetened with stevia, erythritol and inulin led to a lower blood glucose iAUC compared to the conventional dark chocolate bar in people with diabetes, whilst longer-term effects on glucose control remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Oliveira
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Kaja Falkenhain
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
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22
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Alamri HS, Akiel MA, Alghassab TS, Alfhili MA, Alrfaei BM, Aljumaa M, Barhoumi T. Erythritol modulates the polarization of macrophages: Potential role of tumor necrosis factor-α and Akt pathway. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13960. [PMID: 34923647 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Low-calorie sweeteners are substitutes for sugar and frequently used by patients with cardiometabolic diseases. Erythritol, a natural low-calorie sugar alcohol, was linked to cardiometabolic diseases in several recent metabolomics studies. However, the characterization of its role in disease development is lacking. Macrophage polarization orchestrates the immune response in various inflammatory conditions, most notably cardiometabolic disease. Therefore, the physiological effects of Erythritol on THP-1 macrophages were investigated. We observed an increased cellular abundance of proinflammatory M1 macrophages, characterized by CD11c, TNF-α, CD64, CD38, and HLA-DR markers and decreased anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, characterized by mannose receptor CD206. The, Erythritol increased ROS generation, and the activation of the AKT pathway, cytosolic calcium overload, and cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Concomitantly, an increased population of necroptotic macrophages was observed. In conclusion, we provide evidence that Erythritol induced the proinflammatory phenotype in THP-1 macrophages and this was associated with an increased population of necroptotic macrophages. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This assessment provides evidence of the effects of Erythritol on macrophages, particularly THP-1-derived macrophages. Our results support the role of Erythritol in driving the inflammation that is associated with cardiometabolic diseases and provide insights in the role of Erythritol as an inducer of necroptosis in THP-1 derived macrophages that could be associated the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan S Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maaged A Akiel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Talal S Alghassab
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Alfhili
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahauddeen M Alrfaei
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC)/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Aljumaa
- Medical Core Facility and Research Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tlili Barhoumi
- Medical Core Facility and Research Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Oke IM, Ramorobi LM, Mashele SS, Bonnet SL, Makhafola TJ, Eze KC, Noreljaleel AEM, Chukwuma CI. Vanillic acid-Zn(II) complex: a novel complex with antihyperglycaemic and anti-oxidative activity. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1703-1714. [PMID: 34109975 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to synthesize, characterize and evaluate the antihyperglycaemic and anti-oxidative properties of a new Zn(II) complex of vanillic acid. METHODS The complex was synthesized using ZnSO4.7H2O and vanillic acid as precursors. NMR and FTIR techniques were used to characterize the synthesized complex. The cytotoxicity of the complex was measured. The antihyperglycemic and anti-oxidative properties of the complex were evaluated using in vitro, cell-based and ex vivo models and compared with those of its precursors. KEY FINDINGS Zn(II) coordinated with vanillic acid via a Zn(O6) coordination, with the complex having three moieties of vanillic acid. The radical scavenging, Fe3+ reducing and hepatic antilipid peroxidative activity of the complex were, respectively, 2.3-, 1.8- and 9.7-folds more potent than vanillic acid. Complexation increased the α-glucosidase and glycation inhibitory activity of vanillic acid by 3- and 2.6-folds, respectively. Zn(II) conferred potent L-6 myotube (EC50 = 20.4 μm) and muscle tissue (EC50 = 612 μm) glucose uptake effects on vanillic acid. Cytotoxicity evaluation showed that the complex did not reduce the viability of L-6 myotubes and Chang liver cells. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that Zn(II)-vanillic acid complex had improved bioactivity relative to vanillic acid. Thus, Zn(II) may be further studied as an antihyperglycaemic and anti-oxidative adjuvant for bioactive phenolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifedolapo M Oke
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living (CQHL), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa
| | - Limpho M Ramorobi
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living (CQHL), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa
| | - Samson S Mashele
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living (CQHL), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa
| | - Susanna L Bonnet
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Tshepiso J Makhafola
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living (CQHL), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa
| | - Kenneth C Eze
- Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka (Nnewi Campus), Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Anwar E M Noreljaleel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Chika I Chukwuma
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living (CQHL), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa
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24
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Bordier V, Teysseire F, Schlotterbeck G, Senner F, Beglinger C, Meyer-Gerspach AC, Wölnerhanssen BK. Effect of a Chronic Intake of the Natural Sweeteners Xylitol and Erythritol on Glucose Absorption in Humans with Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113950. [PMID: 34836205 PMCID: PMC8618859 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with obesity, accelerated nutrients absorption is observed. Xylitol and erythritol are of interest as alternative sweeteners, and it has been shown in rodent models that their acute ingestion reduces intestinal glucose absorption. This study aims to investigate whether a chronic intake of xylitol and erythritol impacts glucose absorption in humans with obesity. Forty-six participants were randomized to take either 8 g of xylitol or 12 g of erythritol three times a day for five to seven weeks, or to be part of the control group (no substance). Before and after the intervention, intestinal glucose absorption was assessed during an oral glucose tolerance test with 3-Ortho-methyl-glucose (3-OMG). The effect of xylitol or erythritol intake on the area under the curve for 3-OMG concentration was not significant. Neither the time (pre or post intervention), nor the group (control, xylitol, or erythritol), nor the time-by-group interaction effects were significant (p = 0.829, p = 0.821, and p = 0.572, respectively). Therefore, our results show that a chronic intake of the natural sweeteners xylitol and erythritol does not affect intestinal glucose absorption in humans with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Bordier
- St. Clara Research Ltd. at St. Claraspital, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (V.B.); (F.T.); (C.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Teysseire
- St. Clara Research Ltd. at St. Claraspital, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (V.B.); (F.T.); (C.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Götz Schlotterbeck
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioanalytics, School of Life Science, FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; (G.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Frank Senner
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioanalytics, School of Life Science, FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; (G.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Christoph Beglinger
- St. Clara Research Ltd. at St. Claraspital, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (V.B.); (F.T.); (C.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Christin Meyer-Gerspach
- St. Clara Research Ltd. at St. Claraspital, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (V.B.); (F.T.); (C.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (A.C.M.-G.); (B.K.W.); Tel.: +41-61-685-85-85 (A.C.M.-G. & B.K.W.)
| | - Bettina K. Wölnerhanssen
- St. Clara Research Ltd. at St. Claraspital, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (V.B.); (F.T.); (C.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (A.C.M.-G.); (B.K.W.); Tel.: +41-61-685-85-85 (A.C.M.-G. & B.K.W.)
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25
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Lu Y, Wang X. EFFECT OF METABOLIC ENZYMES ON ACCELERATION ABILITY IN EXERCISE FATIGUE. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202127032021_0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction Study the relationship between the metabolic enzyme and the biological image, filtered by an adaptive filtering algorithm. Objective The research aims to In this study, human metabolic enzymes were evaluated by electrocardiogram and electromyogram images, and an adaptive filtering algorithm removed the noises in the images. Methods The electrocardiogram and electromyogram images at different periods were obtained, and the calculation method and application scope of the adaptive filtering algorithm were analysed. Results Adaptive filter was designed by the combination of adaptive filtering algorithm and dynamic information. Therefore, the artefact of the image was removed. Conclusions The adaptive filtering algorithm can effectively remove the noise or artefact in electrocardiogram and electromyogram signals. The optimal image information can be obtained. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Jilin Agricultural University, China
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26
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Dang DX, Liu Y, Chen N, Kim IH. Dietary supplementation of Aspergillus niger-expressed glucose oxidase ameliorates weaning stress and improves growth performance in weaning pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:258-265. [PMID: 34075632 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Weaning is one of the most stressful events in the pig's life, which disrupts physiological balance and leads to oxidative stress. It is reported that glucose oxidase supplementation could alleviate oxidative stress in animals by increasing the concentration of antioxidant enzymes in vivo. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Aspergillus niger-expressed glucose oxidase (AN-GOX) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, faecal microbiota, faecal gas emission and serum antioxidant enzyme parameters in weaning pigs. A total of 120 21-day-old weaning pigs [(Yorkshire ×Landrace) × Duroc] with an initial body weight of 6.54 ± 0.55 kg were used in a 21-day experiment (phase 1, days 1-7; phase 2, days 8-21) with a completely randomized block design. Pigs were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups with 6 replicate pens per treatment and 5 pigs per pen (2 barrows and 3 gilts). Dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.01, 0.03 or 0.05% AN-GOX (1000 unit/g). The results of this study showed that average daily gain during days 1-7 and 1-21 and the concentrations of serum glutathione peroxidase and glutathione increased linearly at graduated doses of AN-GOX increased in the diet. However, dietary supplementation of AN-GOX had no effects on the apparent nutrient digestibility, faecal microbiota and faecal gas emission. In conclusion, supplementing AN-GOX to the diet of weaning pigs ameliorated weaning stress, which manifested as the increase in serum antioxidant enzyme levels, thus improving growth performance. The suitable dosage of AN-GOX used in the diet of weaning pigs was 0.05%.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Xin Dang
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Yanjie Liu
- Jinan Bestzyme-Bio Engineering Co, LTD, Jinan, China
| | - Ningbo Chen
- Jinan Bestzyme-Bio Engineering Co, LTD, Jinan, China
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
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27
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Afolabi OB, Oloyede OI, Aluko BT, Johnson JA. Biosynthesis of magnesium hydroxide nanomaterials using Monodora myristica, antioxidative activities and effect on disrupted glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Wölnerhanssen BK, Drewe J, Verbeure W, le Roux CW, Dellatorre‐Teixeira L, Rehfeld JF, Holst JJ, Hartmann B, Tack J, Peterli R, Beglinger C, Meyer‐Gerspach AC. Gastric emptying of solutions containing the natural sweetener erythritol and effects on gut hormone secretion in humans: A pilot dose-ranging study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23:1311-1321. [PMID: 33565706 PMCID: PMC8247993 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether a dose-dependent effect in the stimulation of gut hormone release (plasma cholecystokinin [CCK], active glucagon-like peptide-1 [aGLP-1] and peptide tyrosine tyrosine [PYY]) is found for the natural sweetener erythritol. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve healthy, lean volunteers received solutions with 10, 25 or 50 g erythritol, or tap water enriched with 13 C-sodium acetate on four study days via a nasogastric tube in this randomized (active treatments), placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial. Blood samples and breath samples (13 C-sodium acetate method for measurement of gastric emptying [GE]) were taken at regular intervals, and sensations of appetite and gastrointestinal symptoms were rated. RESULTS We found (a) a dose-dependent stimulation of CCK, aGLP-1 and PYY, and slowing of GE, (b) no effect on blood glucose, insulin, motilin, glucagon or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, (c) no effect on blood lipids and uric acid, and (d) no abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting. CONCLUSIONS Solutions with 10 and 50 g of erythritol stimulated gut hormone release. Emptying of erythritol-containing solutions from the stomach was slower compared with placebo. There was no effect on plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, blood lipids or uric acid. All doses were well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jürgen Drewe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity Hospital of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Wout Verbeure
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal DisordersCatholic University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Carel W. le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research CentreConway Institute University College DublinDublinIreland
| | | | - Jens F. Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, RigshospitaletUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jens J. Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal DisordersCatholic University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Ralph Peterli
- Clarunis, Department of Surgery, St. ClaraspitalBaselSwitzerland
| | - Christoph Beglinger
- St. Clara Research Ltd at St. ClaraspitalBaselSwitzerland
- University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Anne C. Meyer‐Gerspach
- St. Clara Research Ltd at St. ClaraspitalBaselSwitzerland
- University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
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Singh V, Reddy R, Sinha A, Marturi V, Panditharadyula SS, Bala A. A Review on Phytopharmaceuticals having Concomitant Experimental Anti-diabetic and Anti-cancer Effects as Potential Sources for Targeted Therapies Against Insulin-mediated Breast Cancer Cell Invasion and Migration. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394716999200831113335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and breast cancer are pathophysiologically similar and clinically established
diseases that co-exist with a wider complex similar molecular signalling and having a similar set of
risk factors. Insulin plays a pivotal role in the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. Several
ethnopharmacological evidences shed light on the concomitant anti-diabetic and anti-cancer activity
of medicinal plant and phytochemicals against breast tumors of patients with diabetes. This present
article reviewed the findings on medicinal plants and phytochemicals with concomitant antidiabetic
and anti-cancer effects reported in scientific literature to facilitate the development of dual-
acting therapies against diabetes and breast cancer. The schematic tabular form of published literature
on medicinal plants (63 plants belongs to 45 families) concluded the dynamics of phytochemicals
against diabetes and breast tumors that could be explored further for the discovery of therapies
for controlling of breast cancer cell invasion and migration in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhavana Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Rakesh Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Antarip Sinha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Venkatesh Marturi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Shravani S. Panditharadyula
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Asis Bala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
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30
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Salau VF, Erukainure OL, Koorbanally NA, Islam MS. Ferulic acid promotes muscle glucose uptake and modulate dysregulated redox balance and metabolic pathways in ferric-induced pancreatic oxidative injury. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13641. [PMID: 33555086 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The antidiabetic properties of ferulic acid and its protective role against Fe2+ -induced oxidative pancreatic injury were investigated in this study using in vitro and ex vivo models. Induction of oxidative injury in the pancreas was achieved by incubating normal pancreatic tissue with 0.1 mM FeSO4 and treated by co-incubating with different concentrations of ferulic acid for 30 min at 37°C. Ferulic acid inhibited the activities of α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and pancreatic lipase significantly (p < .05) and promoted glucose uptake in isolated rat psoas muscles. Induction of oxidative pancreatic injury caused significant (p < .05) depletion of glutathione (GSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activities, as well as elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, acetylcholinesterase and chymotrypsin activities. Treatment of tissues with ferulic acid significantly (p < .05) reversed these levels and activities. LC-MS analysis of the extracted metabolites revealed 25% depletion of the normal metabolites with concomitant generation of m-Chlorohippuric acid, triglyceride, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, and ganglioside GM1 in oxidative-injured pancreatic tissues. Treatment with ferulic acid restored uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid and adenosine tetraphosphate and generated P1,P4-Bis(5'-uridyl) tetraphosphate and L-Homocysteic acid, while totally inactivating oxidative-generated metabolites. Ferulic acid also inactivated oxidative-activated pathways, with concomitant reactivation of nucleotide sugars metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and rostenedione metabolism, estrone metabolism, androgen and estrogen metabolism, porphyrin metabolism, and purine metabolism pathways. Taken together, our results indicate the antidiabetic and protective potential of ferulic acid as depicted by its ability to facilitate muscle glucose uptake, inhibit carbohydrate and lipid hydrolyzing enzymes, and modulate oxidative-mediated dysregulated metabolisms. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: There have been increasing concerns on the side effects associated with the use of synthetic antidiabetic drug, coupled with their expenses particularly in developing countries. This has necessitated continuous search for alternative treatments especially from natural products having less or no side effects and are readily available. Ferulic acid is among the common phenolics commonly found in fruits and vegetables. In this present study, ferulic acid was able to attenuate oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, and proteolysis in oxidative pancreatic injury, as well as inhibit carbohydrate digesting enzymes. Thus, indicating the ability of the phenolic to protect against complications linked to diabetes. Crops rich in ferulic acid maybe beneficial in managing this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica F Salau
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry, Veritas University, Bwari, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa.,Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Neil A Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
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Oyebode O, Zuma L, Lucky Erukainure O, Koorbanally N, Islam MS. Bridelia ferruginea inhibits key carbohydrate digesting enzyme and intestinal glucose absorption and modulates glucose metabolism in diabetic rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 129:671-681. [PMID: 33370536 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1861026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The antidiabetic potentials of the dichloromethene, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous fractions of Bridelia ferruginea leaves were investigated using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models. In vitro and ex vivo antidiabetic activities revealed the butanol (BFBF) to be the most active of the fractions, and thus selected for in vivo study. Diabetes was induced using the fructose-streptozotocin model. Treatments with BFBF significantly reduced blood glucose level and improved glucose tolerance, serum insulin level and sensitivity as well as suppressed hyperlipidaemia and serum nephropathy markers. Histopathological analysis revealed the ability of BFBF to protect and regenerate pancreatic β-cells. BFBF significantly elevated glutathione level, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, while depleting MDA level in serums and kidney of diabetic rats. Phenols, steroids, terpenoids, aliphatic and aromatic compounds were identified in the fractions following GC-MS analysis. Overall, results from this study propose that BFBF possess potent antidiabetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olajumoke Oyebode
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Lindiwe Zuma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ochuko Lucky Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Neil Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Ortiz SR, Field MS. Mammalian metabolism of erythritol: a predictive biomarker of metabolic dysfunction. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2020; 23:296-301. [PMID: 32412980 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize recent advances in our understanding of mammalian erythritol metabolism and its use as a predictive biomarker of cardiometabolic disease risk. RECENT FINDINGS Elevated serum erythritol predicts future central adiposity gain and type 2 diabetes mellitus in healthy adults. Erythritol is a newly recognized human metabolic product of glucose, synthesized through the pentose phosphate pathway. The final conversion of this metabolic pathway is catalyzed by the enzymes sorbitol dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase 1. Erythritol is also a well characterized nonnutritive sweetener. Recent studies show that dietary erythritol can be metabolized to erythrose or erythronate in humans before excretion. SUMMARY Elevated serum erythritol predicts risk for cardiometabolic disease, but more research is required to maximize its utility as a biomarker, including characterizing the determinants of endogenous erythritol synthesis from glucose. New insights into dietary erythritol metabolism also highlight the need to evaluate the effects of long-term erythritol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semira R Ortiz
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Chukwuma CI, Mashele SS, Akuru EA. Evaluation of the in vitro ⍺-amylase inhibitory, antiglycation, and antioxidant properties of Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) fruit peel acetone extract and its effect on glucose uptake and oxidative stress in hepatocytes. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13175. [PMID: 32160327 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) is a widely eaten fruit. The antidiabetic, antioxidative, and antilipidemic properties of the hydroalcoholic extracts of the different plant's parts have been extensively studied, with scarce information on the acetone extract (ACE). This study investigated antidiabetic, antioxidative, and antiobesogenic properties of ACE of the fruit peel. Preliminary data showed that ACE showed stronger antioxidant (radical-scavenging IC50 = 1.56 μg/ml) and ⍺-amylase inhibitory (IC50 = 10.6 μg/ml) properties than the hydroalcoholic extracts and Acarbose. The ACE inhibited protein glycation and lipase activity. In hepatocytes, ACE impaired oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione depletion but increased glucose uptake without decreasing the cell viability. HPLC analysis showed predominant presence of bioactive phenolic acids (ferulic, caffeic, and gallic acids) in this extract. This study suggests that ACE of P. granatum fruit peel may be an understudied extract that contains potent antidiabetic and antioxidative bioactive principles with minimal toxicity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Plant derived medicines have been an affordable and effective alternative therapy for many metabolic diseases, including diabetes. The fruit juice and fruits of pomegranate is widely consumed for the palatable taste and cardiovascular benefits. This study provides preliminary experimental evidences confirming that of the acetone extracts of pomegranate fruit peel, which has been sparsely studied, may possess more potent antidiabetic and antioxidative property than to the routinely studied hydroalcoholic counterparts. Additionally, the acetone extract is rich in bioactive phenolic acids, suggesting that the acetone extract of pomegranate fruit peel may be a promising candidate for further antidiabetic study and a source of bioactive principles for the management of diabetes and oxidative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Ifeanyi Chukwuma
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Samson S Mashele
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Eunice Amaka Akuru
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.,Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Oyedemi SO, Nwaogu G, Chukwuma CI, Adeyemi OT, Matsabisa MG, Swain SS, Aiyegoro OA. Quercetin modulates hyperglycemia by improving the pancreatic antioxidant status and enzymes activities linked with glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes model of rats: In silico studies of molecular interaction of quercetin with hexokinase and catalase. J Food Biochem 2019; 44:e13127. [PMID: 31876980 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin was assessed for its antihyperglycemic effect in fructose-streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. The oral administration of quercetin at the dosage of 25 and 50 mg/kg for 28 days remarkably reduced the level of blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb), and hepatic glycogen but enhanced plasma Hb concentration. The altered activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and hexokinase in diabetic rats were significantly improved upon quercetin treatment. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of pancreatic superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione was effectively increased while the value for thiobarbituric acid reactive species was decreased. A significant reduction of glycemia was observed in the glucose tolerance test, 120 min after the glucose pulse. Also, the damage caused by fructose-STZ in the liver and pancreas of diabetic animals were restored to near normal. Molecular docking of quercetin showed a high affinity for hexokinase and CAT with a binding energy of -7.82 and -9.83 kcal/mol, respectively, more elevated than the standard drugs. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Functional foods and nutraceuticals have increasingly interested the consumers in terms of health benefits and have started focussing on the prevention or cure of disease by the foods and their health-enhancing phytochemicals. Quercetin is one of the most potent naturally occurring antioxidants within the flavonoid subclasses, mostly distributed as a secondary metabolite in fruits, vegetables, and black tea. Based on the results exhibited in the present study, we proposed that the consumption of foods rich in quercetin could be a cheap and affordable nutraceutical that can be developed for the treatment of T2DM and its complications. Further studies on the safety aspects of quercetin in long-term usage are strongly recommended before implementing for the treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday O Oyedemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Godswill Nwaogu
- Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - Chika I Chukwuma
- Department of Health Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Olaoluwa T Adeyemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Benjamin S. (Snr.) Carson School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria
| | - Motlalepula G Matsabisa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | - Olayinka A Aiyegoro
- GI Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Agricultural Research Council, Animal Production Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
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35
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The effect of a new mixture of sugar and sugar-alcohols compared to sucrose and glucose on blood glucose increase and the possible adverse reactions: A phase I double-blind, three-way randomized cross-over clinical trial. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2019; 66:647-653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Salli K, Lehtinen MJ, Tiihonen K, Ouwehand AC. Xylitol's Health Benefits beyond Dental Health: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081813. [PMID: 31390800 PMCID: PMC6723878 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylitol has been widely documented to have dental health benefits, such as reducing the risk for dental caries. Here we report on other health benefits that have been investigated for xylitol. In skin, xylitol has been reported to improve barrier function and suppress the growth of potential skin pathogens. As a non-digestible carbohydrate, xylitol enters the colon where it is fermented by members of the colonic microbiota; species of the genus Anaerostipes have been reported to ferment xylitol and produce butyrate. The most common Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species do not appear to be able to grow on xylitol. The non-digestible but fermentable nature of xylitol also contributes to a constipation relieving effect and improved bone mineral density. Xylitol also modulates the immune system, which, together with its antimicrobial activity contribute to a reduced respiratory tract infection, sinusitis, and otitis media risk. As a low caloric sweetener, xylitol may contribute to weight management. It has been suggested that xylitol also increases satiety, but these results are not convincing yet. The benefit of xylitol on metabolic health, in addition to the benefit of the mere replacement of sucrose, remains to be determined in humans. Additional health benefits of xylitol have thus been reported and indicate further opportunities but need to be confirmed in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Salli
- Global Health & Nutrition Sciences, DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - Markus J Lehtinen
- Global Health & Nutrition Sciences, DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - Kirsti Tiihonen
- Global Health & Nutrition Sciences, DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - Arthur C Ouwehand
- Global Health & Nutrition Sciences, DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, 02460 Kantvik, Finland.
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37
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Erukainure OL, Chukwuma CI, Islam MS. Raffia palm (Raphia hookeri) wine: Qualitative sugar profile, functional chemistry, and antidiabetic properties. FOOD BIOSCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2019.100423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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38
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Wölnerhanssen BK, Meyer-Gerspach AC, Beglinger C, Islam MS. Metabolic effects of the natural sweeteners xylitol and erythritol: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1986-1998. [PMID: 31204494 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1623757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Xylitol and erythritol are widely used in a variety of food and oral care products as sugar substitutes. Although a number of studies have been conducted on the health benefits of xylitol since the 1960s, erythritol only attracted the attention of researchers during the early 1990s. Historically, researchers mainly focused on the effects of xylitol and other sugar alcohols on oral and dental healthcare while the anti-diabetic or antihyperglycemic effects have only been revealed recently. Though a few reviews have been published on the health benefits of sugar alcohols in the last few decades, none of them closely evaluated the antihyperglycemic potential and underlying mechanisms, particularly with a focus on xylitol and erythritol. The current review thoroughly analyzes the anti-diabetic and antihyperglycemic effects as well as other metabolic effects of xylitol and erythritol using articles published in PubMed since the 1960s, containing research done on experimental animals and humans. This review will help researchers ascertain the controversies surrounding sugar alcohols, investigate further beneficial effects of them as well as aid food industries in exploring the possibilities of using sugar alcohols as anti-diabetic supplements in diabetic foods and food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina K Wölnerhanssen
- St. Clara Research Ltd., St. Clara Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Md Shahidul Islam
- St. Clara Research Ltd., St. Clara Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
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39
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Chukwuma CI, Matsabisa MG, Erukainure OL, Ibeji CU, Islam MS. D-mannitol modulates glucose uptake ex vivo; suppresses intestinal glucose absorption in normal and type 2 diabetic rats. FOOD BIOSCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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40
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Oyebode OA, Erukainure OL, Ibeji C, Koorbanally NA, Islam MS. Crassocephalum rubens, a leafy vegetable, suppresses oxidative pancreatic and hepatic injury and inhibits key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes: An ex vivo and in silico study. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12930. [PMID: 31368570 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Crassocephalum rubens falls under the wild edible, under-cultivated traditional leafy vegetables (TLV) in Africa; it is used by locals in managing diabetes mellitus among other diseases. This study investigated the in vitro, ex vivo antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials of different extracts of C. rubens. The ameliorative effects of the extracts on Fe2+ -induced oxidative injury was investigated ex vivo together with the effects of the aqueous extract on intestinal glucose absorption and muscle glucose uptake in freshly harvested tissues from normal rats. The aqueous extract was subjected to Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis to identify possible bioactive compounds which were then docked with the tested enzymes through in silico modeling. The extracts exhibited antioxidant activity, inhibited α-glucosidase and lipase enzyme activities, intestinal glucose absorption and enhanced muscle glucose uptake compared to controls. Sanguisorbic acid dilactone identified through LC-MS analysis showed a high binding affinity for catalase and lipase enzymes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The results of this study suggest that the aqueous extract of C. rubens possesses better antioxidant and possible antidiabetic potentials compared to other extracts which could be associated to the synergistic action of its identified bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olajumoke Arinola Oyebode
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
| | - Ochuko Lucky Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
| | - Collins Ibeji
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Neil Anthony Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
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41
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Chukwuma CI, Matsabisa MG, Ibrahim MA, Erukainure OL, Chabalala MH, Islam MS. Medicinal plants with concomitant anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive effects as potential sources of dual acting therapies against diabetes and hypertension: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 235:329-360. [PMID: 30769039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetes and hypertension are pathophysiologically related diseases that co-exist with a wider complex of metabolic diseases having similar set of risk factors. There are numerous ethnopharmacological evidences on the anti-diabetic and/or anti-hypertensive properties of medicinal plants from various parts of the world, which are used as therapies to concomitantly manage diabetes and hypertension. AIM OF THE REVIEW This article reviewed findings on medicinal plants with both anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive effects reported in same experimental study to facilitate the development of dual-acting therapies against diabetes and hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was carried out on different scientific search engines including, but not limited to "PubMed", "Google Scholar", "Scopus" and ScienceDirect to identify published data in which plants in same experimental studies were reported to possess both anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hypertensive effects. Subsequently, the anti-diabetic/anti-hypertensive potency ratio (ψ) of the medicinal plants was computed. RESULTS Sixty-four studies with 102 plant species matched the selection criteria. Members of the Fabaceae family were the most investigated plants, while the ψ greatly varied across the plants, with only 11 plants having a ψ ≃ 1. Withania somnifera Dunal was the only plant reported to show blood glucose-lowering and diuretic effects in humans, comparable to daonil. Caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, caftaric acid, cichoric acid, verbascoside, leucosceptoside A, isoacteoside, fucoxanthin and nicotinamide were the reported dual acting anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive compounds identified and/or isolated in the plants. CONCLUSIONS This review suggests that medicinal plants possess varied therapeutic dynamics against hypertension and diabetes that could be exploited for the discovery of therapeutic preparation(s) or agent(s) for treating the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Ifeanyi Chukwuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
| | - Motlalepula G Matsabisa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
| | | | - Ochuko L Erukainure
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Matimbha H Chabalala
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
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42
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Mchunu N, Chukwuma CI, Ibrahim MA, Oyebode OA, Dlamini SN, Islam MS. Commercially available non-nutritive sweeteners modulate the antioxidant status of type 2 diabetic rats. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12775. [PMID: 31353552 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are increasingly being used by diabetics, but little is known about their effects on antioxidant status. We investigated the effects of ad libitum consumption of commercially available NNS (aspartame, saccharin, sucralose, and cyclamate-based sweeteners) on antioxidative markers in a rat model of type 2 diabetes (T2D). NNS consumption reduced (p < 0.05) T2D-induced lipid peroxidation and boosted serum, hepatic, renal, cardiac, and pancreatic glutathione (GSH) levels. Catalase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activity was increased in the serum and most organs upon diabetes induction, perhaps due to adaptative antioxidant response to the diabetes-induced lipid peroxidation. NNS showed varying effects on serum and tissue antioxidant enzymes of animals. An antioxidant capacity scores sheet of NNS, suggest that aspartame-based NNS may not exert antioxidant effects in diabetics, while saccharin-based NNS may be a potent antioxidative sweetener as seen in the animal model of T2D. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The use of NNS is becoming more popular, especially for diabetic individuals. While there are several commercial NNS available in the market, little is known about how they affect the antioxidant status of consumers. We therefore investigated how some commercially available NNS affect the antioxidant status of diabetic rats. Observed data revealed varying effects of NNS on serum and different organs, which suggest that some NNS may be better than others for diabetic oxidative stress and thus may be recommended for consumers. However, this finding is subject to additional corroborative clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomcebo Mchunu
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
| | - Chika Ifeanyi Chukwuma
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa.,Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Olajumoke A Oyebode
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
| | - Siphiwe Ndumiso Dlamini
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
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43
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Wen H, Tang B, Stewart AJ, Tao Y, Shao Y, Cui Y, Yue H, Pei J, Liu Z, Mei L, Yu R, Jiang L. Erythritol Attenuates Postprandial Blood Glucose by Inhibiting α-Glucosidase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1401-1407. [PMID: 29361825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious metabolic disorder, where impaired postprandial blood glucose regulation often leads to severe health complications. The natural chemical erythritol is a C4 polyol approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use as a sweetener. Here, we examined a potential role for erythritol in the control of postprandial blood glucose levels in DM. An anti-postprandial hyperglycemia effect upon erythritol administration (500 mg kg-1) was demonstrated in alloxan-induced DM model mice by monitoring changes in blood glucose after intragastric administration of drugs and starch. We also found that erythritol most likely exerts its anti-postprandial hyperglycemic activities by inhibiting α-glucosidase in a competitive manner. This was supported by enzyme activity assays and molecular modeling experiments. In the latter experiments, it was possible to successfully dock erythritol into the catalytic pocket of α-glucosidase, with the resultant interaction likely driven by electrostatic interactions involving Asp215, Asp69, and Arg446 residues. This study suggests that erythritol may not only serve as a glucose substitute but also be a useful agent in the treatment of DM to help manage postprandial blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaixiu Wen
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 23 Xinning Road, Xining, Qinghai 810001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Alan J Stewart
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews , St Andrews KY16 9TF, United Kingdom
| | - Yanduo Tao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 23 Xinning Road, Xining, Qinghai 810001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 23 Xinning Road, Xining, Qinghai 810001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 23 Xinning Road, Xining, Qinghai 810001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilan Yue
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 23 Xinning Road, Xining, Qinghai 810001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Biology, Shaanxi University of Technology , Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zenggen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 23 Xinning Road, Xining, Qinghai 810001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Mei
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 23 Xinning Road, Xining, Qinghai 810001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruitao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 23 Xinning Road, Xining, Qinghai 810001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 23 Xinning Road, Xining, Qinghai 810001, People's Republic of China
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