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Carnauba RA, Sarti FM, Hassimotto NMA, Lajolo FM. 100% Orange Juice Consumption is Associated with Socioeconomic Status, Improved Nutrient Adequacy, and Higher Bioactive Compounds Intake: Results from Brazilian National Dietary Survey 2017-2018. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024; 43:498-504. [PMID: 38407157 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2318598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The consumption of 100% orange juice (OJ) has been associated with nutrient adequacy and better diet quality. To date, there are few analyses exploring 100% OJ consumption patterns across populations, with no data from Brazil. We aimed to explore the associations between 100% OJ consumption, sociodemographic factors, and nutrient intake in a representative sample of the Brazilian general population aged 10 years or older. METHODS Data were obtained from the National Dietary Survey 2017-2018, a cross-sectional study including data on individual food intake of 46,164 subjects aged ≥10 years collected using two 24-h dietary recalls. RESULTS 100% OJ was consumed by 11% of the population, with a mean intake of 43.0 ml/d. Males were more frequent consumers compared to females, and the percentage of consumers increased with education and income. 100% OJ consumption was associated with higher intakes of energy, vitamin C, folate, calcium, magnesium, potassium, polyphenols, and carotenoids. There is no significant difference in fiber intake between consumers and non-consumers. 100% OJ consumers had a higher percentage of the population meeting the Estimated Average Requirement for vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, folate, calcium, and magnesium. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that 100% OJ could be a component of a healthy diet, helping individuals to achieve nutrient recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata A Carnauba
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center, CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia M Sarti
- Center for Research in Complex Systems Modeling, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neuza M A Hassimotto
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center, CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franco M Lajolo
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center, CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Rossi I, Mignogna C, Del Rio D, Mena P. Health effects of 100% fruit and vegetable juices: evidence from human subject intervention studies. Nutr Res Rev 2024; 37:194-238. [PMID: 37655747 DOI: 10.1017/s095442242300015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The health effects of 100% fruit and vegetable juices (FVJ) represent a controversial topic. FVJ contain notable amounts of free sugars, but also vitamins, minerals, and secondary compounds with proven biological activities like (poly)phenols and carotenoids. The review aimed to shed light on the potential impact of 100% FVJ on human subject health, comprehensively assessing the role each type of juice may have in specific health outcomes for a particular target population, as reported in dietary interventions. The effects of a wide range of FVJ (orange, grapefruit, mandarin, lemon, apple, white, red, and Concord grapes, pomegranate, cranberry, chokeberry, blueberry, other minor berries, sweet and tart cherry, plum, tomato, carrot, beetroot, and watermelon, among others) were evaluated on a series of outcomes (anthropometric parameters, body composition, blood pressure and vascular function, lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, cognitive function, exercise performance, gut microbiota composition and bacterial infections), providing a thorough picture of the contribution of each FVJ to a health outcome. Some juices demonstrated their ability to exert potential preventive effects on some outcomes while others on other health outcomes, emphasising how the differential composition in bioactive compounds defines juice effects. Research gaps and future prospects were discussed. Although 100% FVJ appear to have beneficial effects on some cardiometabolic health outcomes, cognition and exercise performance, or neutral effects on anthropometric parameters and body composition, further efforts are needed to better understand the impact of 100% FVJ on human subject health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rossi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cristiana Mignogna
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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3
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Salar FJ, Sánchez-Bravo P, Mena P, Cámara M, García-Viguera C. Comparison of vitamin C and flavanones between freshly squeezed orange juices and commercial 100% orange juices from four European countries. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:255-263. [PMID: 38230429 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2303034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Knowing the true levels of nutrients and dietary bioactives in fruit juices at the point of consumption is key to properly understand their potential health benefits. The objective was to characterise the vitamin C and flavanone content in commercial orange juices consumed in Europe, compared with fresh-squeezed juices. Commercial juices were a rich source of vitamin C (>30% of the Nutrient Reference Value). Vitamin C in fresh-squeezed juices, at the end of their shelf-life, remained 33% higher than the levels found in the commercial juices. Flavanones had similar values from both commercial and fresh juices, except for fresh samples stored for 48 h, where fresh juices had higher values (22.36 mg/100 mL). Thus, orange juices preserve their bioactive compounds during storage, with very little influence of the brand, country, industrial process or storage conditions. Main bioactive compounds in commercial juices are present at nutritionally significant levels to the freshly-squeezed ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Salar
- Lab. Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), CSIC, CEBAS, Murcia, Spain
| | - Paola Sánchez-Bravo
- Lab. Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), CSIC, CEBAS, Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Orihuela, Spain
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Montaña Cámara
- Nutrition and Food Science Department. Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Beckett EL, Fayet-Moore F, Cassettari T, Starck C, Wright J, Blumfield M. Health effects of drinking 100% juice: an umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae036. [PMID: 38679915 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Low fruit and vegetable intakes are major modifiable determinants of disease. One hundred percent juice may facilitate intake and deliver essential nutrients and bioactive compounds. However, the position of 100% juice in healthy eating guidelines remains controversial due to its lower dietary fiber and higher free-sugar contents compared with whole fruits and vegetables. OBJECTIVE To conduct an umbrella review of systematic literature reviews with meta-analyses (MAs) to summarize the health benefits of drinking 100% fruit and/or vegetable juice. DATA SOURCES Four databases (Medline, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and CINAHL) were systematically searched for MAs of 100% juice and any health outcomes. DATA ANALYSIS Screening, quality, risk of bias, and content overlap tools were applied, and extracted data were narratively synthesized. No eligible studies for vegetable juice were found. Fifteen systematic literature reviews (51 primary MAs, 6 dose-response, and 87 subanalyses; 50-1200 mL/day; hours to years of duration) were included. Ten MAs (19.6%) reported health benefits (4 for blood pressure, 2 for vascular function, 3 for inflammation, 1 for stroke mortality), 3 MAs (5.9%) reported adverse risks (1 each for cardiovascular disease mortality, prostate cancer, type 2 diabetes risk), while most (74.5%) reported no effect (blood lipids, body composition, liver function, metabolic health, cancers, and inflammation). Risks were limited to cohort studies and benefits were found in both cohort and intervention studies. CONCLUSION The findings collate evidence showing some potential health benefits associated with 100% juice consumption, with fewer potential risks. The balance of evidence does not support the exclusion of 100% juice from food-based guides to healthy eating, although caution may be warranted in certain groups or individuals, and the body of evidence is not yet conclusive. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022380588.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Beckett
- FOODiQ Global, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Food Science & Human Nutrition, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Central Coast, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Flávia Fayet-Moore
- FOODiQ Global, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Food Science & Human Nutrition, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Central Coast, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Jutta Wright
- FOODiQ Global, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Papakonstantinou E, Zacharodimos N, Georgiopoulos G, Athanasaki C, Bothou DL, Tsitsou S, Lympaki F, Vitsou-Anastasiou S, Papadopoulou OS, Delialis D, Alexopoulos EC, Petsiou E, Keramida K, Doulgeraki AI, Patsopoulou IM, Nychas GJE, Tassou CC. Two-Month Consumption of Orange Juice Enriched with Vitamin D3 and Probiotics Decreases Body Weight, Insulin Resistance, Blood Lipids, and Arterial Blood Pressure in High-Cardiometabolic-Risk Patients on a Westernized Type Diet: Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:1331. [PMID: 38732578 PMCID: PMC11085203 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of orange juice (OJ) supplemented with vitamin D3 (2000 IU) and probiotics (Lacticaseibacillus casei Shirota and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, 108 cfu/mL) on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults following a Westernized-type diet. Fifty-three high-risk individuals were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Over 8 weeks, one group consumed a vitamin D3 and probiotic-enriched OJ and the other regular OJ (control). Diets remained unchanged and were documented through food diaries. Measures of metabolic and inflammatory markers and blood pressure were measured at the start and end of the study. Post-intervention, the enriched OJ group showed the following significant metabolic improvements (without changes in triglycerides, inflammation, or central blood pressure): reduced fasting insulin, peripheral blood pressure, body weight (-1.4 kg 95% CI: -2.4, -0.4), energy (-270 kcal 95% CI: -553.2, -13.7), macronutrient (dietary fat -238 kcal 95% CI: -11.9, -1.0; carbohydrates -155 kcal 95% CI: -282.4, -27.3; sugars -16.1 g 95% CI: -11.9, -1.0) intake, and better lipid profiles (total cholesterol -10.3 mg/dL 95% CI: -21.4, 0.9; LDL-C -7 mg/dL 95% CI: -13.5, -0.5). The enriched OJ led to weight loss, less energy/macronutrient consumption, improved lipid profiles, and increased insulin sensitivity after 8 weeks in those following a Westernized diet, thus indicating potential benefits for cardiometabolic risk. This study was a part of FunJuice-T2EDK-01922, which was funded by the EU Regional Development Fund and Greek National Resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Papakonstantinou
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (N.Z.); (C.A.); (D.-L.B.); (S.T.); (F.L.)
| | - Nikolaos Zacharodimos
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (N.Z.); (C.A.); (D.-L.B.); (S.T.); (F.L.)
| | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sophias Ave, 11528 Athens, Greece; (G.G.)
| | - Christina Athanasaki
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (N.Z.); (C.A.); (D.-L.B.); (S.T.); (F.L.)
| | - Dionysia-Lydia Bothou
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (N.Z.); (C.A.); (D.-L.B.); (S.T.); (F.L.)
| | - Sofia Tsitsou
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (N.Z.); (C.A.); (D.-L.B.); (S.T.); (F.L.)
| | - Foteini Lympaki
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (N.Z.); (C.A.); (D.-L.B.); (S.T.); (F.L.)
| | - Stamatia Vitsou-Anastasiou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DIMITRA”, 1, S. Venizelou, Lykovrissi, 14123 Attiki, Greece; (S.V.-A.); (O.S.P.); (C.C.T.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Olga S. Papadopoulou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DIMITRA”, 1, S. Venizelou, Lykovrissi, 14123 Attiki, Greece; (S.V.-A.); (O.S.P.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Dimitrios Delialis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sophias Ave, 11528 Athens, Greece; (G.G.)
| | | | - Eleni Petsiou
- Henry Dunant Hospital, 107 Mesogeion Ave, 11526 Athens, Greece;
| | - Kalliopi Keramida
- Cardiology Department, General Anticancer Oncological Hospital Agios Savvas, 171 Alexandras Ave, 11522 Athens, Greece;
| | - Agapi I. Doulgeraki
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ismini-Maria Patsopoulou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DIMITRA”, 1, S. Venizelou, Lykovrissi, 14123 Attiki, Greece; (S.V.-A.); (O.S.P.); (C.C.T.)
| | - George-John E. Nychas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece;
- Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271002, China
| | - Chrysoula C. Tassou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DIMITRA”, 1, S. Venizelou, Lykovrissi, 14123 Attiki, Greece; (S.V.-A.); (O.S.P.); (C.C.T.)
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Okekunle AP, Asowata OJ, Akpa OM, Fakunle AG, Bodunde I, Komolafe M, Arulogun O, Sarfo FS, Obiako R, Osaigbovo G, Ogbole G, Bello A, Adeniyi S, Calys-Tagoe B, Appiah L, Jenkins C, Oyinloye O, Dambatta H, Balogun O, Singh A, Olalere A, Mensah Y, Ogah OS, Ibinaiye P, Adebayo O, Adebajo O, Adebayo P, Chukwuonye I, Akinyemi R, Ovbiagele B, Owolabi M. Dietary patterns associated with hypertension among stroke-free indigenous Africans: insights from the Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network study. J Hypertens 2024; 42:620-628. [PMID: 38230616 PMCID: PMC11126300 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dietary factors associated with the high burden of hypertension among indigenous Africans remain poorly understood. We assessed the relationship between dietary patterns and hypertension among indigenous Africans. METHOD In this study, 1550 participants with hypertension matched (for age: ± 5 years, sex and ethnicity) with 1550 participants without hypertension were identified from the stroke-free population in the Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network study in Ghana and Nigeria. Food consumption was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary information was summarized using principal component analysis to identify seven dietary patterns. Conditional logistic regression was applied to compute the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of hypertension by tertiles of dietary patterns adjusting for age, education, income, smoking, alcohol use, physical inactivity, family history of cardiovascular diseases, obesity and salt intake at a two-sided P less than 0.05. RESULTS Multivariable-adjusted OR [95% confidence interval (CI)] for risk of hypertension by second and third tertiles [using the lowest (first) tertile as reference] of dietary patterns were 0.62 (0.48-0.80), 0.70 (0.54-0.90) for whole grains and fruit drinks; 0.87 (0.68-1.12), 0.83 (0.64-1.08) for fruits; 0.85 (0.65-1.10), 0.97 (0.75-1.26) for vegetables, legumes and potatoes; 0.78 (0.60-1.00), 0.84 (0.65-1.08) for fried foods and sweetened drinks; 1.13 (0.88-1.45), 0.80 (0.62-1.03) for poultry product and organ meat; 1.11 (0.86-1.43), 0.88 (0.68-1.14) for red meat; and 1.14 (0.88-1.48), 1.09 (0.84-1.43) for processed foods ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSION A higher adherence to dietary consumption of whole grains and fruits was inversely associated with low odds of hypertension in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Koreay
| | | | - Onoja Matthew Akpa
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Ibadan
| | - Adekunle Gregory Fakunle
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Public Health, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State
| | | | - Morenikeji Komolafe
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife
| | - Oyedunni Arulogun
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Fred Stephen Sarfo
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | | | | | - Godwin Ogbole
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan
| | - Abiodun Bello
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Adeniyi
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Benedict Calys-Tagoe
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | - Lambert Appiah
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | | | - Olalekan Oyinloye
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife
| | | | | | - Arti Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Yaw Mensah
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rufus Akinyemi
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training College of Medicine
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Bruce Ovbiagele
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Mayowa Owolabi
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
- Lebanese American University of Beirut, Lebanon
- Blossom Specialist Medican Centre, Ibadan, Nigeria
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7
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Nguyen M, Jarvis SE, Chiavaroli L, Mejia SB, Zurbau A, Khan TA, Tobias DK, Willett WC, Hu FB, Hanley AJ, Birken CS, Sievenpiper JL, Malik VS. Consumption of 100% Fruit Juice and Body Weight in Children and Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2024; 178:237-246. [PMID: 38227336 PMCID: PMC10792499 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Importance Concerns have been raised that frequent consumption of 100% fruit juice may promote weight gain. Current evidence on fruit juice and weight gain has yielded mixed findings from both observational studies and clinical trials. Objective To synthesize the available evidence on 100% fruit juice consumption and body weight in children and adults. Data Sources MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched through May 18, 2023. Study Selection Prospective cohort studies of at least 6 months and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of at least 2 weeks assessing the association of 100% fruit juice with body weight change in children and adults were included. In the trials, fruit juices were compared with noncaloric controls. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data were pooled using random-effects models and presented as β coefficients with 95% CIs for cohort studies and mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs for RCTs. Main Outcomes and Measures Change in body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) was assessed in children and change in body weight in adults. Results A total of 42 eligible studies were included in this analysis, including 17 among children (17 cohorts; 0 RCTs; 45 851 children; median [IQR] age, 8 [1-15] years) and 25 among adults (6 cohorts; 19 RCTs; 268 095 adults; median [IQR] age among cohort studies, 48 [41-61] years; median [IQR] age among RCTs, 42 [25-59]). Among cohort studies in children, each additional serving per day of 100% fruit juice was associated with a 0.03 (95% CI, 0.01-0.05) higher BMI change. Among cohort studies in adults, studies that did not adjust for energy showed greater body weight gain (0.21 kg; 95% CI, 0.15-0.27 kg) than studies that did adjust for energy intake (-0.08 kg; 95% CI, -0.11 to -0.05 kg; P for meta-regression <.001). RCTs in adults found no significant association of assignment to 100% fruit juice with body weight but the CI was wide (MD, -0.53 kg; 95% CI, -1.55 to 0.48 kg). Conclusion and Relevance Based on the available evidence from prospective cohort studies, in this systematic review and meta-analysis, 1 serving per day of 100% fruit juice was associated with BMI gain among children. Findings in adults found a significant association among studies unadjusted for total energy, suggesting potential mediation by calories. Further trials of 100% fruit juice and body weight are desirable. Our findings support guidance to limit consumption of fruit juice to prevent intake of excess calories and weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Nguyen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah E. Jarvis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Chiavaroli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis & Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis & Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreea Zurbau
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis & Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tauseef A. Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis & Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deirdre K. Tobias
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anthony J. Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine S. Birken
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John L. Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis & Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vasanti S. Malik
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Rosell M, Nyström CD. Fruit juice - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10463. [PMID: 38370109 PMCID: PMC10870970 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Fruit juice has a similar nutrient content as whole fruit and may in this respect be part of a healthy diet. However, a lower amount or lack of fibre and a higher concentration of sugars and energy could also contribute to less satiation and increase the risk of excess energy intake. The aim of this scoping review is to describe the overall evidence for the role of fruit juice as a basis for setting and updating food-based dietary guidelines in the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. PubMed was searched for systematic reviews and meta-analyses and evidence was extracted on relevant health outcomes. Current available evidence indicates that low to moderate consumption of fruit juice is not associated with an apparent risk of chronic diseases and may have protective effects on cardiovascular disease. The association between the intake of fruit juice and weight gain remains unclear and might be of concern for some groups of people. Overall, the evidence regarding health effects of fruit juice is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rosell
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Rosell M, Fadnes LT. Vegetables, fruits, and berries - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10455. [PMID: 38327994 PMCID: PMC10845895 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Vegetables, fruits, and berries comprise a large variety of foods and are recognised to play an important role in preventing chronic diseases. Many observational studies have been published during the last decade, and the aim of this scoping review is to describe the overall evidence for the role of vegetables, fruits, and berries for health-related outcomes as a basis for setting and updating food-based dietary guidelines. A scoping review was conducted according to the protocol developed within the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 project. Current available evidence strengthens the role of consuming vegetables, fruits, and berries in preventing chronic diseases. The most robust evidence is found for cancer in the gastric system and lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. Steeper risk reductions are generally seen at the lower intake ranges, but further reductions have been seen for higher intakes for cardiovascular disease. Weaker associations are seen for type 2 diabetes. There is evidence that suggests a beneficial role also for outcomes such as osteoporosis, depression, cognitive disorders, and frailty in the elderly. The observed associations are supported by several mechanisms, indicting causal effects. Some subgroups of vegetables, fruits, and berries may have greater benefits than other subgroups, supporting a recommendation to consume a variety of these foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rosell
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars T. Fadnes
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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10
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Robayo S, Kucab M, Walker SE, Suitor K, D’Aversa K, Morello O, Bellissimo N. Effect of 100% Orange Juice and a Volume-Matched Sugar-Sweetened Drink on Subjective Appetite, Food Intake, and Glycemic Response in Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:242. [PMID: 38257135 PMCID: PMC10819987 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary recommendations to reduce the consumption of free sugars often group 100% fruit juice with other sugar-containing beverages. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of consuming 100% orange juice compared to an orange drink on next-meal food intake (FI), glycemic response, average appetite, emotions, and sensory characteristics in normal-weight adults. Thirty-six normal-weight adults (age: 26.8 ± 0.9 years) consumed, in random order and at least 5 days apart, three 240 mL test beverages as follows: (a) 100% orange juice, (b) orange drink, or (c) water. Subjective sweetness and pleasantness were determined immediately after test beverage consumption. Glycemic response, average appetite, and subjective emotions were measured every 15 min for 60 min. Food intake was determined at a pizza lunch 60 min later. Rest-of-day glycemic response and energy intake (EI) were determined using a continuous glucose monitor and food record, respectively. Lunch FI (p = 0.054) and total EI (p = 0.01) were both lower after 100% orange juice compared with the orange drink. Caloric compensation was 84% after 100% orange juice and -25% after the orange drink (p = 0.047). Average appetite was not significantly different between the test beverages (p > 0.05). Blood glucose iAUC adjusted for available carbohydrate was lower after 100% orange juice compared with the orange drink (p < 0.001). Rest-of-day blood glucose concentrations were lower after 100% orange juice compared with the orange drink (p = 0.03) and water control (p < 0.001). In conclusion, consumption of 100% orange juice as a preload resulted in higher caloric compensation, lower total daily EI, and lower blood glucose concentrations compared to the orange drink.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nick Bellissimo
- School of Nutrition, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
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11
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Aljuraiban GS, Gibson R, Chan DS, Van Horn L, Chan Q. The Role of Diet in the Prevention of Hypertension and Management of Blood Pressure: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Interventional and Observational Studies. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100123. [PMID: 37783307 PMCID: PMC10831905 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
High blood pressure (BP) is a major pathological risk factor for the development of several cardiovascular diseases. Diet is a key modifier of BP, but the underlying relationships are not clearly demonstrated. This is an umbrella review of published meta-analyses to critically evaluate the wide range of dietary evidence from bioactive compounds to dietary patterns on BP and risk of hypertension. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception until October 31, 2021, for relevant meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials or meta-analyses of observational studies. A total of 175 publications reporting 341 meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (145 publications) and 70 meta-analyses of observational studies (30 publications) were included in the review. The methodological quality of the included publications was assessed using Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 and the evidence quality of each selected meta-analysis was assessed using NutriGrade. This umbrella review supports recommended public health guidelines for prevention and control of hypertension. Dietary patterns including the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension and the Mediterranean-type diets that further restrict sodium, and moderate alcohol intake are advised. To produce high-quality evidence and substantiate strong recommendations, future research should address areas where the low quality of evidence was observed (for example, intake of dietary fiber, fish, egg, meat, dairy products, fruit juice, and nuts) and emphasize focus on dietary factors not yet conclusively investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadeer S Aljuraiban
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rachel Gibson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Doris Sm Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Queenie Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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12
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Xu X, Grafenauer S, Barr ML, Schutte AE. Impact of Fruit and Fruit Juice on Death and Disease Incidence: A Sex-Specific Longitudinal Analysis of 18 603 Adults. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030199. [PMID: 38052652 PMCID: PMC10727319 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health benefits of fruits are well established, but fruit juice has been more controversial. Fruit and juice are often ingested with other foods, which prompted our investigation to determine whether fruit consumed as juice may negate the beneficial effects of consuming whole fruit in people with cardiovascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrospectively analyzed data from a population-based study in Australia (the 45 and Up Study) linked with hospitalization and mortality data up to September 2018. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine effects of fruit, fruit juice, and the combination of fruit and fruit juice in relation to death and disease incidence among men and women living with cardiovascular disease. A total of 7308 deaths occurred among 18 603 participants diagnosed with cardiovascular disease over a 13-year follow-up. After multivariable adjustment, inadequate fruit intake (hazard ratio [HR], 1.12 [95% CI, 1.01-1.24]) and high fruit juice intake (HR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.12-1.41]) predicted all-cause mortality in women. Also, high fruit juice intake plus either adequate fruit intake (HR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.02-1.37]) or inadequate fruit intake (HR, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.21-1.69]) predicted mortality in women. No relationships were found in men after multivariable adjustments. Also, we found no prognostic value for fruit and fruit juice intake on disease incidence. CONCLUSIONS In adults with cardiovascular disease, we found that fruit juice (in combination with adequate or inadequate fruit intake) predicted mortality in women but not in men. These effects became less clear when focusing on disease incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Xu
- School of Population HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
- George Institute for Global HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sara Grafenauer
- School of Medicine and HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Margo L. Barr
- Affiliation Centre for Primary Health Care and EquityUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Aletta E. Schutte
- School of Population HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
- George Institute for Global HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team; Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular DiseaseNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
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13
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Minissian MB. An Apple a Day Keeps the Doctor Away, but It May Not Be Worth the Squeeze. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e031970. [PMID: 38052651 PMCID: PMC10727340 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
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14
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Liu Q, Chiavaroli L, Ayoub-Charette S, Ahmed A, Khan TA, Au-Yeung F, Lee D, Cheung A, Zurbau A, Choo VL, Mejia SB, de Souza RJ, Wolever TMS, Leiter LA, Kendall CWC, Jenkins DJA, Sievenpiper JL. Fructose-containing food sources and blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0264802. [PMID: 37582096 PMCID: PMC10427023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether food source or energy mediates the effect of fructose-containing sugars on blood pressure (BP) is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of different food sources of fructose-containing sugars at different levels of energy control on BP. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library through June 2021 for controlled trials ≥7-days. We prespecified 4 trial designs: substitution (energy matched substitution of sugars); addition (excess energy from sugars added); subtraction (excess energy from sugars subtracted); and ad libitum (energy from sugars freely replaced). Outcomes were systolic and diastolic BP. Independent reviewers extracted data. GRADE assessed the certainty of evidence. We included 93 reports (147 trial comparisons, N = 5,213) assessing 12 different food sources across 4 energy control levels in adults with and without hypertension or at risk for hypertension. Total fructose-containing sugars had no effect in substitution, subtraction, or ad libitum trials but decreased systolic and diastolic BP in addition trials (P<0.05). There was evidence of interaction/influence by food source: fruit and 100% fruit juice decreased and mixed sources (with sugar-sweetened beverages [SSBs]) increased BP in addition trials and the removal of SSBs (linear dose response gradient) and mixed sources (with SSBs) decreased BP in subtraction trials. The certainty of evidence was generally moderate. Food source and energy control appear to mediate the effect of fructose-containing sugars on BP. The evidence provides a good indication that fruit and 100% fruit juice at low doses (up to or less than the public health threshold of ~10% E) lead to small, but important reductions in BP, while the addition of excess energy of mixed sources (with SSBs) at high doses (up to 23%) leads to moderate increases and their removal or the removal of SSBs alone (up to ~20% E) leads to small, but important decreases in BP in adults with and without hypertension or at risk for hypertension. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02716870.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Chiavaroli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabrina Ayoub-Charette
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amna Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tauseef A. Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fei Au-Yeung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- INQUIS Clinical Research Ltd. (formerly GI Labs), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annette Cheung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreea Zurbau
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- INQUIS Clinical Research Ltd. (formerly GI Labs), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vivian L. Choo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell J. de Souza
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas M. S. Wolever
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- INQUIS Clinical Research Ltd. (formerly GI Labs), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lawrence A. Leiter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cyril W. C. Kendall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - David J. A. Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John L. Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Corrêa TAF, Tobaruela EDC, Capetini VC, Quintanilha BJ, Cortez RV, Taddei CR, Hassimotto NMA, Hoffmann C, Rogero MM, Lajolo FM. Blood orange juice intake changes specific bacteria of gut microbiota associated with cardiometabolic biomarkers. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1199383. [PMID: 37469434 PMCID: PMC10352659 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1199383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood orange juice is an important source of flavanones and anthocyanins, mainly hesperidin, narirutin, and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. The benefits of these bioactive compounds have been reported, but the mechanistic details behind their biological effects are not well established. This study investigated the effects of Moro orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) juice (MOJ) on gut microbiota composition and cardiometabolic biomarkers in overweight women. In this study, 12 overweight women (BMI from 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2), aged 18-37 years, consumed 500 mL of MOJ every day for 4 weeks. We assessed the gut microbiota composition, levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), cardiometabolic biomarkers, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at baseline and after 2 weeks and 4 weeks of MOJ intake. The results suggested that MOJ intake affected the abundance of specific operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of the gut microbiota but did not significantly alter the diversity and general composition of the gut microbiota. However, MOJ intake increased the production of SCFAs, especially propionic and isobutyric acids, and significantly improved cardiometabolic biomarkers such as blood pressure and plasma VCAM-1 levels in the overweight women. Additionally, we observed significant associations between gut microbiota OTUs belonging to the Bacteroidetes phyla and Prevotella 9 genera and the cardiometabolic biomarkers. Furthermore, MOJ reduced fasting glucose and insulin levels and HOMA-IR values, thereby enhancing insulin sensitivity in the insulin-resistant overweight women. Finally, we highlighted the importance of orange juice intake duration because some beneficial changes such as blood pressure improvements were evident at the 2-week time interval of the intervention, but other changes became significant only at the 4-week interval of MOJ intake. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that changes in specific OTUs of the gut microbiota in response to MOJ intake were associated with significant improvements in some cardiometabolic biomarkers and SCFA levels in overweight women with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Angelina Faraldo Corrêa
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric de Castro Tobaruela
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Cooper Capetini
- Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Jardim Quintanilha
- Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ramon Vitor Cortez
- Department of Clinical Analyses and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla R. Taddei
- Department of Clinical Analyses and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christian Hoffmann
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franco Maria Lajolo
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Abate V, Vergatti A, Fiore A, Forte A, Attanasio A, Altavilla N, De Filippo G, Rendina D, D Elia L. Low Potassium Intake: A Common Risk Factor for Nephrolithiasis in Patients with High Blood Pressure. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2023:10.1007/s40292-023-00587-0. [PMID: 37330455 PMCID: PMC10403441 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-023-00587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (Htn) is a crucial cause of cardio-vascular and chronic kidney disease. Moreover, it is an independent risk factor for nephrolithiasis (NL). A diet rich in vegetables and fruits is indicated for both Htn and NL prevention, and the 24-h urinary potassium excretion can be used as a warning light for adherence. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the association between urinary potassium excretion and recurrent nephrolithiasis among patients affected by Htn. We have analyzed medical records of 119 patients affected by Htn and NL (SF-Hs) referring to Bone and Mineral Metabolism laboratory and 119 patients affected by Htn but without NL (nSF-Hs) referring to Hypertension and Organ Damage Hypertension related laboratory, both in Federico II University of Naples. The potassium 24-h urinary levels in SF-Hs were significantly lower compared to nSF-Hs. This difference was confirmed by the multivariable linear regression analysis in the unadjusted model and adjusted model for age, gender, metabolic syndrome, and body mass index. In conclusion, a higher potassium urinary excretion in 24-h is a protective factor against NL in patients affected by Htn and dietary interventions can be considered for kidney protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Abate
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Anita Vergatti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Fiore
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Forte
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Attanasio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Altavilla
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo De Filippo
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Service d'Endocrinologie-Diabétologie, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Domenico Rendina
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Lanfranco D Elia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Micek A, Currenti W, Mignogna C, Rosi A, Barbagallo I, Alshatwi AA, Del Rio D, Mena P, Godos J. Are (poly)phenols contained in 100% fruit juices mediating their effects on cardiometabolic risk factors? A meta-regression analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1175022. [PMID: 37396131 PMCID: PMC10311565 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1175022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The consumption of 100% fruit juices has not been associated with substantial detrimental outcomes in population studies and may even contribute to improving the cardiometabolic profile if included in a healthy balanced diet. The main contributors to such potential beneficial effects include vitamins, minerals, and likely the (poly)phenol content. This study aimed to investigate whether the (poly)phenols contained in 100% fruit juices may mediate their effects on cardiometabolic risk factors based on published randomized controlled trials (RCT). Methods A systematic search in PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase, updated till the end of October 2022, was carried out to identify RCT providing quantitative data on (poly)phenol content in 100% fruit juices and used as an intervention to improve cardiometabolic parameters such as blood lipids, glucose, and blood pressure. Meta-regression analysis was performed to calculate the effect of the intervention [expressed as standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals (CI)] using the (poly)phenol content as moderator. Results A total of 39 articles on RCT investigating the effects of 100% fruit juices on cardiometabolic risk factors reporting data on total (poly)phenol and anthocyanin content were included in the analysis. Total (poly)phenol content was substantially unrelated to any outcome investigated. In contrast, each 100 mg per day increase in anthocyanins was related to 1.53 mg/dL decrease in total cholesterol (95% CI, -2.83, -0.22, p = 0.022) and 1.94 mg/dL decrease in LDL cholesterol (95% CI, -3.46, -0.42, p = 0.012). No other potential mediating effects of anthocyanins on blood triglycerides, glucose, systolic and diastolic pressure were found, while a lowering effect on HDL cholesterol after excluding one outlier study was observed. Discussion In conclusion, the present study showed that anthocyanins may mediate the potential beneficial effects of some 100% fruit juices on some blood lipids. Increasing the content of anthocyanins through specific fruit varieties or plant breeding could enhance the health benefits of 100% fruit juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Micek
- Department of Nursing Management and Epidemiology Nursing, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Walter Currenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristiana Mignogna
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alice Rosi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ignazio Barbagallo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ali A. Alshatwi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Adetunji JA, Fasae KD, Awe AI, Paimo OK, Adegoke AM, Akintunde JK, Sekhoacha MP. The protective roles of citrus flavonoids, naringenin, and naringin on endothelial cell dysfunction in diseases. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17166. [PMID: 37484296 PMCID: PMC10361329 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelial cells (ECs) make up the inner lining of blood vessels, acting as a barrier separating the blood and the tissues in several organs. ECs maintain endothelium integrity by controlling the constriction and relaxation of the vasculature, blood fluidity, adhesion, and migration. These actions of ECs are efficiently coordinated via an intricate signaling network connecting receptors, and a wide range of cellular macromolecules. ECs are naturally quiescent i.e.; they are not stimulated and do not proliferate. Upon infection or disease, ECs become activated, and this alteration is pivotal in the pathogenesis of a spectrum of human neurological, cardiovascular, diabetic, cancerous, and viral diseases. Considering the central position that ECs play in disease pathogenesis, therapeutic options have been targeted at improving ECs integrity, assembly, functioning, and health. The dietary intake of flavonoids present in citrus fruits has been associated with a reduced risk of endothelium dysfunction. Naringenin (NGN) and Naringin (NAR), major flavonoids in grapefruit, tomatoes, and oranges possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties, and cell survival potentials, which improve the health of the vascular endothelium. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary and present the advances in understanding of the mechanisms through which NGN and NAR modulate the biomarkers of vascular dysfunction and protect the endothelium against unresolved inflammation, oxidative stress, atherosclerosis, and angiogenesis. We also provide perspectives and suggest further studies that will help assess the efficacy of citrus flavonoids in the therapeutics of human vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy A. Adetunji
- Nutritional and Industrial Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde D. Fasae
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Ayobami I. Awe
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington DC, USA
| | - Oluwatomiwa K. Paimo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji M. Adegoke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200005, Nigeria
| | - Jacob K. Akintunde
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Mamello P. Sekhoacha
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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19
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Madsen H, Sen A, Aune D. Fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur J Nutr 2023:10.1007/s00394-023-03145-5. [PMID: 37106252 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A high fruit and vegetable intake has been associated with reduced risk of hypertension; however, results have been inconsistent and it is unclear whether specific types of fruits and vegetables are particularly beneficial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the published prospective studies on fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of hypertension. METHODS Embase and PubMed databases were searched for relevant prospective studies up to 15th May 2022. Random effects models were used to calculate summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between fruit and vegetable intake and risk of hypertension. Strength of evidence was assessed using World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) criteria. RESULTS Eighteen prospective studies (451 291 participants, 145 492 cases) were included. The summary RR (95% CI) of hypertension per 200 g/day was 0.97 (0.95-0.99, I2 = 68%, n = 8) for fruits and vegetables, 0.93 (0.89-0.98, I2 = 77%, n = 10) for fruits, and 1.00 (0.98-1.02, I2 = 38%, n = 10) for vegetables. Reductions in risk were observed up to 800 g/day for fruits and vegetables, and 550 g/day for fruits, and these two associations were considered probably causal using WCRF criteria. Inverse associations were observed for apples or pears, blueberries, raisins or grapes, avocado, broccoli, carrots and lettuce, while positive associations were observed for cantaloupe, Brussels sprouts, cruciferous vegetables, and total and fried potatoes (n = 2-5). CONCLUSION A high intake of fruit and vegetables combined, and total fruit was associated with reduced risk of hypertension, while results for fruit and vegetable subtypes were mixed and need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Madsen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Abhijit Sen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
- Department of Nutrition, Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
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20
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Naomi ND, Ngo J, Brouwer-Brolsma EM, Buso MEC, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Pérez-Rodrigo C, Harrold JA, Halford JCG, Raben A, Geleijnse JM, Serra-Majem L, Feskens EJM. Sugar-sweetened beverages, low/no-calorie beverages, fruit juice and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease defined by fatty liver index: the SWEET project. Nutr Diabetes 2023; 13:6. [PMID: 37085478 PMCID: PMC10121594 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-023-00237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweetened beverage intake may play a role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development, but scientific evidence on their role is limited. This study examined associations between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), low/no-calorie beverages (LNCB) and fruit juice (FJ) intakes and NAFLD in four European studies. METHODS Data for 42,024 participants of Lifelines Cohort, NQPlus, PREDIMED-Plus and Alpha Omega Cohort were cross-sectionally analysed. NAFLD was assessed using Fatty Liver Index (FLI) (≥60). Restricted cubic spline analyses were used to visualize dose-response associations in Lifelines Cohort. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses with robust variance were performed for associations in individual cohorts; data were pooled using random effects meta-analysis. Models were adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and other dietary factors. RESULTS Each additional serving of SSB per day was associated with a 7% higher FLI-defined NAFLD prevalence (95%CI 1.03-1.11). For LNCB, restricted cubic spline analysis showed a nonlinear association with FLI-defined NAFLD, with the association getting stronger when consuming ≤1 serving/day and levelling off at higher intake levels. Pooled Cox analysis showed that intake of >2 LNCB servings/week was positively associated with FLI-defined NAFLD (PR 1.38, 95% CI 1.15-1.61; reference: non-consumers). An inverse association was observed for FJ intake of ≤2 servings/week (PR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88-0.97; reference: non-consumers), but not at higher intake levels. Theoretical replacement of SSB with FJ showed no significant association with FLI-defined NAFLD prevalence (PR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95-1.00), whereas an adverse association was observed when SSB was replaced with LNCB (PR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03-1.21). CONCLUSIONS Pooling results of this study showed that SSB and LNCB were positively associated with FLI-defined NAFLD prevalence. Theoretical replacement of SSB with LNCB was associated with higher FLI-defined NAFLD prevalence. An inverse association was observed between moderate intake of FJ and FLI-defined NAFLD. Our results should be interpreted with caution as reverse causality cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novita D Naomi
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joy Ngo
- Nutrition Research Foundation, Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elske M Brouwer-Brolsma
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marion E C Buso
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu
- Center of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases (CORPS) Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | | | - Joanne A Harrold
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jason C G Halford
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Johanna M Geleijnse
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Preventive Medicine Service, Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, Las Palmas, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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21
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Muñoz-Cabrejas A, Laclaustra M, Guallar-Castillón P, Sánchez-Recio R, Jarauta E, Casasnovas JA, Moreno-Franco B. Association of beverage consumption with subclinical atherosclerosis in a Spanish working population. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6509. [PMID: 37081095 PMCID: PMC10119384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33456-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Beverages play a substantial role meeting water, calorie, and nutrient requirements; however, they are presented as being major contributors to the current obesity epidemic. Although, the relationship between beverage consumption and metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults has been frequently studied, its association with subclinical atherosclerosis is of increased interest. We studied the association of beverage consumption with the presence of peripheral subclinical atherosclerosis among Spanish workers. We performed a cross-sectional study of 2089 middle-aged males, with a mean age of 50.9 (SD 3.9), and without CVD, carried out in the Aragon Workers' Health Study (AWHS). A food frequency questionnaire was used to measure beverage consumption of low-fat milk, coffee and tea (unsweetened), whole-fat milk, sugar-sweetened beverages, bottled fruit juice, artificially-sweetened beverages and 100% fruit juice. Atherosclerotic plaques were measured by ultrasound (in carotid arteries, and in femoral arteries). Atherosclerotic plaque was defined as a focal structure protruding ≥ 0.5 mm into the lumen, or reaching a thickness ≥ 50% of the surrounding intima-media thickness. As statistical analysis, we use logistic regression models, simultaneously adjusted for all beverage groups. As results, unsweetened coffee was the beverage most associated with peripheral subclinical atherosclerosis with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.25 (1.10-1.41), and 1.23 (1.09-1.40) 100g/day] for carotid, and femoral territories respectively. Moreover, subclinical atherosclerosis was positively associated with whole-fat milk [OR 1.10 (1.02-1.18) 100 g/day] in the femoral territory. The association was protective for low-fat milk in the carotid territory [OR 0.93 (0.88-0.99) 100g/day]. There was also a protective association with bottled fruit juices in the femoral territory [0.84 (0.74-0.94) 100g/day]. Our results suggest a detrimental association with the consumption of coffee, as well as with whole-fat milk and the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis. Therefore, an element of prudence excluding water and low-fat milk, must be applied when recommending beverage consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Muñoz-Cabrejas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral S/N, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Martín Laclaustra
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral S/N, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- CIBERCV (CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Guallar-Castillón
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Institute. CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Recio
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral S/N, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Jarauta
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral S/N, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBERCV (CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Casasnovas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral S/N, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBERCV (CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Moreno-Franco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral S/N, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- CIBERCV (CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Li B, Yan N, Jiang H, Cui M, Wu M, Wang L, Mi B, Li Z, Shi J, Fan Y, Azalati MM, Li C, Chen F, Ma M, Wang D, Ma L. Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages and fruit juices and risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and mortality: A meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1019534. [PMID: 37006931 PMCID: PMC10050372 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1019534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionSugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases. However, evidence regarding associations of artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) and fruit juices with cardiometabolic diseases is mixed. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between the SSB, ASB and fruit juice consumption with the incidence of cardiometabolic conditions and mortality.MethodsRelevant prospective studies were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library until December 2022 without language restrictions. The pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for the association of SSBs, ASBs, and fruit juices with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and mortality by using random-effect models.ResultsA total of 72 articles were included in this meta-analysis study. Significantly positive associations were observed between the consumption of individual beverages and T2D risk (RR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.38 for SSBs; RR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.56 for ASBs; and RR:0.98; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.03 for fruit juices). Moreover, our findings showed that intakes of SSBs and ASBs were significantly associated with risk of hypertension, stroke, and all-cause mortality (RR ranging from 1.08 to 1.54; all p < 0.05). A dose-response meta-analysis showed monotonic associations between SSB intake and hypertension, T2D, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and mortality, and the linear association was only significant between ASB consumption and hypertension risk. Higher SSB and ASB consumptions were associated with a greater risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases and mortality. Fruit juice intake was associated with a higher risk of T2D.ConclusionTherefore, our findings suggest that neither ASBs nor fruit juices could be considered as healthier beverages alternative to SSBs for achieving improved health.Systematic Review Registration: [PROSPERO], identifier [No. CRD42022307003].
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Li
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Ni Yan
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Meng Cui
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Min Wu
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Lina Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Baibing Mi
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhaofang Li
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Jia Shi
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Yahui Fan
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | | | - Chao Li
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Fangyao Chen
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Mao Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Mao Ma, ; Duolao Wang, ; Le Ma,
| | - Duolao Wang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Mao Ma, ; Duolao Wang, ; Le Ma,
| | - Le Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Mao Ma, ; Duolao Wang, ; Le Ma,
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23
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Oono F, Murakami K, Fujiwara A, Shinozaki N, Adachi R, Asakura K, Masayasu S, Sasaki S. Development of a Diet Quality Score for Japanese and Comparison With Existing Diet Quality Scores Regarding Inadequacy of Nutrient Intake. J Nutr 2023; 153:798-810. [PMID: 36931752 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have explored optimal diet quality scores in Japan. OBJECTIVES We developed a Diet Quality Score for Japanese (DQSJ) and examined the associations of DQSJ and existing diet quality scores with inadequacy of nutrient intake in Japanese adults. METHODS Candidate components of the DQSJ were extracted from well-established diet quality scores: Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), Alternate Mediterranean Diet score (AMED), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH). From candidates, we selected the components of the DQSJ, considering potential health effects of the components (from the Global Burden of Disease Study) and dietary intake in Japan. The DQSJ included 10 components: fruits, vegetables, whole grain, dairy, nuts, legumes, fish, red and processed meat, sugar-sweetened beverages, and sodium. We calculated the DQSJ, HEI-2015, AHEI-2010, AMED, DASH, and Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top score (JFGST) based on 4-d dietary records of 392 Japanese aged 20-69 y. Inadequate intakes of 21 nutrients were assessed using the DRIs for Japanese. Logistic regression was used to examine the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake according to quartiles of the scores. RESULTS All examined scores except the JFGST were moderately to strongly correlated with each other (Spearman correlation coefficients: 0.52-0.84). They were inversely associated with the prevalence of inadequate intake of most nutrients (n = 16 for DQSJ and HEI-2015, n = 13 for AHEI-2010 and DASH, n = 17 for AMED, compared with n = 4 for JFGST). AMED was also positively associated with the prevalence of inadequate sodium intake, whereas no such associations were observed for the other scores. CONCLUSIONS Similar to HEI-2015, AHEI-2010, and DASH, the DQSJ was generally associated with the low prevalence of inadequate intake of most nutrients in Japanese adults. Further evaluations against biomarkers and health outcomes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Oono
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Murakami
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Aya Fujiwara
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nana Shinozaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Riho Adachi
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Asakura
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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24
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Sun T, Zhang Y, Ding L, Zhang Y, Li T, Li Q. The Relationship Between Major Food Sources of Fructose and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:256-269. [PMID: 36803836 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence of associations between intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), those that include various forms of added sugar, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) but whether consumption of other dietary sources of fructose affects CVD is unclear. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to examine potential dose-response relationships between such foods and CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke morbidity and mortality. We systematically searched the literature indexed in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from the inception of each database to February 10, 2022. We included prospective cohort studies analyzing the association between at least 1 dietary source of fructose and CVD, CHD, and stroke. Based on data from 64 included studies, summary HRs and 95% CIs were calculated for the highest intake category compared with the lowest, and dose-response analyses were performed. Of all fructose sources examined, only SSB intakes showed positive associations with CVD, giving summary HRs per 250 mL/d increase of 1.10 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.17) for CVD, 1.11 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.17) for CHD, 1.08 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.13) for stroke morbidity, and 1.06 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.10) for CVD mortality. Conversely, 3 dietary sources showed protective associations: between fruits and CVD morbidity (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96, 0.98), fruits and CVD mortality (HR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.97), yogurt and CVD mortality (HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.99), and breakfast cereals and CVD mortality (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.90). All these relationships were linear except for fruit, which was J-shaped: CVD morbidity was the lowest at 200 g/d and there was no protective association above 400 g/d. These findings indicate that the adverse associations between SSBs and CVD, CHD, and stroke morbidity and mortality do not extend to other dietary sources of fructose. The food matrix seemed to modify the association between fructose and cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yabing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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25
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Kelly RK, Tong TYN, Watling CZ, Reynolds A, Piernas C, Schmidt JA, Papier K, Carter JL, Key TJ, Perez-Cornago A. Associations between types and sources of dietary carbohydrates and cardiovascular disease risk: a prospective cohort study of UK Biobank participants. BMC Med 2023; 21:34. [PMID: 36782209 PMCID: PMC9926727 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have reported that the associations between dietary carbohydrates and cardiovascular disease (CVD) may depend on the quality, rather than the quantity, of carbohydrates consumed. This study aimed to assess the associations between types and sources of dietary carbohydrates and CVD incidence. A secondary aim was to examine the associations of carbohydrate intakes with triglycerides within lipoprotein subclasses. METHODS A total of 110,497 UK Biobank participants with ≥ two (maximum five) 24-h dietary assessments who were free from CVD and diabetes at baseline were included. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regressions were used to estimate risks of incident total CVD (4188 cases), ischaemic heart disease (IHD; 3138) and stroke (1124) by carbohydrate intakes over a median follow-up time of 9.4 years, and the effect of modelled dietary substitutions. The associations of carbohydrate intakes with plasma triglycerides within lipoprotein subclasses as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were examined in 26,095 participants with baseline NMR spectroscopy measurements. RESULTS Total carbohydrate intake was not associated with CVD outcomes. Free sugar intake was positively associated with total CVD (HR; 95% CI per 5% of energy, 1.07;1.03-1.10), IHD (1.06;1.02-1.10), and stroke (1.10;1.04-1.17). Fibre intake was inversely associated with total CVD (HR; 95% CI per 5 g/d, 0.96;0.93-0.99). Modelled isoenergetic substitution of 5% of energy from refined grain starch with wholegrain starch was inversely associated with total CVD (0.94;0.91-0.98) and IHD (0.94;0.90-0.98), and substitution of free sugars with non-free sugars was inversely associated with total CVD (0.95;0.92-0.98) and stroke (0.91;0.86-0.97). Free sugar intake was positively associated with triglycerides within all lipoproteins. CONCLUSIONS Higher free sugar intake was associated with higher CVD incidence and higher triglyceride concentrations within all lipoproteins. Higher fibre intake and replacement of refined grain starch and free sugars with wholegrain starch and non-free sugars, respectively, may be protective for incident CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K. Kelly
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
| | - Tammy Y. N. Tong
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
| | - Cody Z. Watling
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
| | - Andrew Reynolds
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016 New Zealand
| | - Carmen Piernas
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
| | - Julie A. Schmidt
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Keren Papier
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
| | - Jennifer L. Carter
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
| | - Timothy J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
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Effect of Potassium Supplementation on Endothelial Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Intervention Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040853. [PMID: 36839211 PMCID: PMC9961878 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Endothelial dysfunction is an early predictor of cardiovascular diseases. Although a large body of evidence shows an inverse association between potassium intake and cardiovascular risk, the studies on endothelial function provided contrasting results. Thus, we carried out a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the available intervention studies of the potassium supplementation on endothelial function. (2) Methods: A systematic search of the online databases available (up to December 2022) was conducted including the intervention trials that reported flow-mediated dilation (FMD) changes-a non-invasive method of assessing endothelial function-after two different potassium intake regimens. For each study, the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals were pooled using a random effect model. (3) Results: Five studies met the pre-defined inclusion criteria and provided eight cohorts with 332 participants. In the pooled analysis, potassium supplementation was associated with a significant increase in FMD (MD: 0.74%), with a higher effect for a urinary potassium excretion higher than 90 mmol/day. There was a moderate heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 59%), explained by the different amount of potassium supplementation. (4) Conclusions: The results of our meta-analysis indicate that dietary potassium supplement improves endothelial function. This effect is directly associated with the amount of potassium supplement. The findings support the campaigns in favour of an increase in dietary potassium intake to reduce cardiovascular risk.
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Wang K, Zhao Y, Xu L, Liao X, Xu Z. Health outcomes of 100% orange juice and orange flavored beverage: A comparative analysis of gut microbiota and metabolomics in rats. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100454. [PMID: 36815996 PMCID: PMC9932342 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A high intake of sugar-sweetened fruity beverage (FB) is associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndromes, but the health outcome of 100% fruit juice (FJ) intake remains unclear. We aim to reveal health outcomes of diet intervention (FJ or FB) with system profiling via interaction of gut microbiota and metabolomics in a rat (Rattus norvegicus) model. Firstly, the glucose, sucrose, fructose, and bioactive metabolites of FJ and FB were analyzed, and FJ possessed higher sucrose and flavonoids, while FB showed higher glucose and fructose. Secondly, C0 was set as the control group on Day 0, and a 4-week diet invention was performed to control, FJ-intake, and FB-intake groups with normal saline, FJ, and FB, respectively. The results showed that FJ improved alpha diversity and decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio (F/B ratio) of gut microbiota and prevented insulin resistance. However, FB possessed unchanged microbial diversity and enhanced F/B ratio, causing insulin resistance with renal triglyceride accumulation. In summary, FJ, although naturally containing similar amounts of total free sugars as FB, could be a healthier drink choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewen Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Corresponding author. College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Association of sweetened beverages consumption with all-cause mortality risk among Dutch adults: the Lifelines Cohort Study (the SWEET project). Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:797-806. [PMID: 36271197 PMCID: PMC9589708 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Examined associations between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), low/no-calorie beverages (LNCB), and fruit juice (FJ) consumption and all-cause mortality in Dutch adults. METHODS Data of 118,707 adults participating (mean age = 45 years; 60% was women) the Lifelines Cohort Study were prospectively analyzed. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Participants' vital status was followed-up until February 2022 via the National Personal Records Database. Associations between beverages of interest and all-cause mortality risk were investigated using restricted cubic spline and Cox proportional hazard regression analyses, including substitution analyses. Models were adjusted for demographics, lifestyle, and other dietary factors. RESULTS During follow-up (median = 9.8 years), a total of 2852 (2.4%) deaths were documented. Median (IQR) of SSB, LNCB, and FJ consumption were 0.1 (0.0-0.6), 0.1 (0.0-0.6), and 0.2 (0.0-0.6) serving/day, respectively. Dose-response analyses showed linear associations between SSB, LNCB, and FJ consumption and mortality risk. For each additional serving of SSB and LNCB, HRs of all-cause mortality risk were 1.09 (95% CI 1.03-1.16) and 1.06 (95% CI 1.00-1.11). Replacing SSB with LNCB showed a nonsignificant association with a lower mortality risk, particularly in women (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.81-1.01). Finally, an inverse association between FJ and all-cause mortality was observed at moderate consumption with HR of 0.87 (95% CI 0.79-0.95) for > 0-2 servings/week and HR of 0.89 (95% CI 0.81-0.98) for > 2-< 7 servings/week when compared to no consumption. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed adverse associations between SSB consumption and all-cause mortality. Replacing SSB with LNCB might be associated with lower mortality risk, particularly in women. Moderate intake of FJ was associated with lower all-cause mortality risk.
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Zeng Y, Cao S, Yang H. Causal associations between dried fruit intake and cardiovascular disease: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1080252. [PMID: 36815021 PMCID: PMC9939508 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1080252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown controversy about whether dried fruit intake is associated with cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to examine the potential causal effect of dried fruit intake on cardiovascular disease by conducting a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Methods We used genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for MR analysis to explore the causal association of dried fruit intake with CVD. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the main analytical method for MR analysis. In addition, the MR-Egger method and the weighted median method were applied to supplement the IVW method. Furthermore, Cochrane's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO global test, and leave-one-out analysis were used to perform sensitivity analysis. Results The results from the IVW analysis indicated that dried fruit intake could reduce the risk of heart failure [odds ratio (OR) = 0.6014, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.4243-0.8522, p-value = 0.0043], total ischemic stroke (OR = 0.4547, 95% CI: 0.2950-0.7010, p-value = 0.0004), and small vessel stroke (OR = 0.3499, 95% CI: 0.1466-0.8349, p-value = 0.0180). In addition, the results of two additional methods (MR Egger and Weighted median) were parallel to the effects estimated by IVW. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis illustrates that our MR analysis was unaffected by heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. Finally, the results of the leave-one-out method showed the robustness of our MR results. Conclusion Our study provides evidence for the benefits of dried fruit intake on CVD. Therefore a reasonable consumption of dried fruit may provide primary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjie Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Si Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Heng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Heng Yang,
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D’Elia L, Masulli M, Cappuccio FP, Zarrella AF, Strazzullo P, Galletti F. Dietary Potassium Intake and Risk of Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224785. [PMID: 36432472 PMCID: PMC9697076 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Dietary potassium intake is positively associated with reduction of cardiovascular risk. Several data are available on the relationship between dietary potassium intake, diabetes risk and glucose metabolism, but with inconsistent results. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of the prospective studies that explored the effect of dietary potassium intake on the risk of diabetes to overcome these limitations. (2) Methods: A random-effects dose-response meta-analysis was carried out for prospective studies. A potential non-linear relation was investigated using restricted cubic splines. (3) Results: A total of seven prospective studies met the inclusion criteria. Dose-response analysis detected a non-linear relationship between dietary potassium intake and diabetes risk, with significant inverse association starting from 2900 mg/day by questionnaire and between 2000 and 5000 mg/day by urinary excretion. There was high heterogeneity among studies, but no evidence of publication bias was found. (4) Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis indicate that habitual dietary potassium consumption is associated with risk of diabetes by a non-linear dose-response relationship. The beneficial threshold found supports the campaigns in favour of an increase in dietary potassium intake to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality. Further studies should be carried out to explore this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfranco D’Elia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples Medical School, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Masulli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples Medical School, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco P. Cappuccio
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Nutrition, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Aquilino F. Zarrella
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples Medical School, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Strazzullo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples Medical School, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Galletti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples Medical School, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Luo Y, He L, Ma T, Li J, Bai Y, Cheng X, Zhang G. Associations between consumption of three types of beverages and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in UK Biobank participants: a prospective cohort study. BMC Med 2022; 20:273. [PMID: 35978398 PMCID: PMC9386995 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the association between beverages and a single cardiometabolic disease has been well studied, their role in disease progression from the single cardiometabolic disease state to cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) state remains unclear. This study examined the associations between three types of beverages: sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs), and pure fruit/vegetable juices, and the incidence of CMM in patients with a single cardiometabolic disease. METHODS Our analysis included 37,994 participants from the UK Biobank who completed at least one dietary questionnaire and were diagnosed with only one cardiometabolic disease at the time of recruitment. Competing risk models were used to examine the association between the three types of beverages and incidence of CMM. We conducted analysis both in patients with any single cardiometabolic disease and in patients with specific cardiometabolic disease. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 9.1 years (interquartile range [IQR] 9.0-9.8), a total of 6399 participants developed CMM. The consumption of SSBs and ASBs (>1 serving per day) was associated with a higher risk of CMM (SSBs: hazard ratio [HR] 1.19, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.08-1.31; ASBs: HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.04-1.27). Intake of pure fruit/vegetable juices was inversely associated with the incidence of CMM (0-1 serving per day: HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.85-0.94; >1 serving per day: HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.81-0.99). However, the association of the high-level consumption of pure fruit/vegetable juices (>1 serving per day) was not statistically significant after correcting for multiple testing. In the analysis of patients with specific cardiometabolic diseases, positive associations were observed in patients with hypertension for SSBs consumption, while inverse associations persisted in patients with cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease or stroke) and in hypertensive patients for pure fruit/vegetable juice consumption. CONCLUSIONS Consuming >1 serving of SSBs and ASBs per day was associated with a higher risk of CMM in patients with a single cardiometabolic disease. In contrast, intake of pure fruit/vegetable juices was inversely associated with the risk of CMM. Our findings highlight the need to limit the use of SSBs and ASBs in patients with a single cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Center of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Lingfang He
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Center of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Tianqi Ma
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Center of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jinchen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yongping Bai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Center of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xunjie Cheng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Center of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Guogang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China. .,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Sugar Content and Warning Criteria Evaluation for Popular Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Taipei, Taiwan. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163339. [PMID: 36014844 PMCID: PMC9415069 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar intake may increase the risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and dental caries. In Taiwan, people frequently consume sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). This study explored the energy and sugar content of Taiwanese SSBs and evaluated them using the Chilean warning label system (>70 kcal/100 mL and >5 g sugar/100 mL) and the World Health Organization (WHO) sugar guideline (≤25 g sugar). A total of 341 SSBs with volumes ≤600 mL were analyzed. No significant differences were observed in sugar per serving among different types of SSBs, but a great variation in portion size (i.e., package size for individual consumption) was noted. The energy and sugar ratios per serving were lower in soft drinks and coffee and tea containing >1 serving than in those containing only one serving. The calorie and sugar ratios per portion were higher in all types of SSBs containing >1 serving per portion than in those containing exactly one serving. Approximately 70.0% of Taiwanese SSBs were classified as high sugar according to the Chilean criteria, and 41.6% of SSBs exceeded the WHO guideline. Moreover, 40.8% of SSBs that were not considered as high sugar according to the Chilean criteria contained >25 g sugar per portion. For individual consumption, it is more clear that nutrition labeling is based on portion rather than serving. Evaluating SSBs on sugar/portion rather than sugar/100 mL will help consumers make better choices.
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Buso MEC, Brouwer-Brolsma EM, Naomi ND, Harrold JA, Halford JCG, Raben A, Feskens EJM. Dose-Response and Substitution Analyzes of Sweet Beverage Consumption and Body Weight in Dutch Adults: The Lifelines Cohort Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:889042. [PMID: 35832052 PMCID: PMC9272075 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.889042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Methods Prospective studies investigating sweet beverages and body weight associations show inconsistent results. Within the SWEET project, we examined prospective dose-response associations of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), low/no-calorie beverages (LNCB), and fruit juice with body weight-related outcomes among 78,286 Dutch adults followed for ~4 years. Baseline intakes were assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with 150 ml representing a standard serving. Outcome variables were body weight change, waist circumference change, overweight/obesity, and abdominal obesity. Associations were investigated by using linear and non-linear dose-response analysis, as well as substitution models while adjusting for multiple socio-demographic, lifestyle, health, and dietary variables. Results Participants were 46 ± 13 (mean ± SD) years old and 60% were women. Adjusted dose-response analyzes indicated an association between SSB and LNCB, and both body weight (+0.02 kg/year; SE 0.01 and +0.06 kg/year; SE 0.01) and waist circumference changes (+0.04 cm/year; SE: 0.01 and +0.11 cm/year; SE: 0.01). Associations for overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity incidence were +3% (95%CI: 1.00–1.06) and +2% (95%CI: 0.99–1.06) for SSB and +8% (95%CI: 1.06–1.11) and +5% (95%CI: 1.03–1.07) for LNCB, respectively. Substitution of SSB with LNCB was associated with higher weight change (+0.04 kg/year), waist circumference change (+0.09 cm/year), overweight/obesity incidence (+6%), but not abdominal obesity incidence. For fruit juice, we observed beneficial associations for intake levels below ~1 serving/day with weight, waist circumference change, and overweight/obesity incidence, and no association with abdominal obesity. Subsequent substitution analyzes indicated a small beneficial association for the replacement of SSB with fruit juice on weight (−0.04 kg/year) and waist circumference (−0.04 cm/year), but not with other outcomes. Conclusions Overall, our results suggest that habitual consumption of both SSB and LNCB may adversely affect weight-related outcomes. In contrast, fruit juice consumption <150 ml may be beneficial with respect to weight and waist circumference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion E. C. Buso
- Division of Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Novita D. Naomi
- Division of Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Joanne A. Harrold
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jason C. G. Halford
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark and Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Edith J. M. Feskens
- Division of Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Edith J. M. Feskens
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A Prospective Study of Fruit Juice Consumption and the Risk of Overall and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102127. [PMID: 35631268 PMCID: PMC9144949 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is little evidence for the association between fruit juice, especially 100% fruit juice, and mortality risk. In addition, whether 100% fruit juice can be a healthy alternative to whole fruit remains uncertain. This prospective study utilized the data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2014. After a median follow-up of 7.8 years, 4904 deaths among 40,074 participants aged 18 years or older were documented. Compared to non-consumption, daily consumption of 250 g or more of 100% fruit juice was associated with higher overall mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.52) and mortality from heart disease (HR = 1.49, 95 CI: 1.01–2.21). A similar pattern was observed for total fruit juice, with HRs of 1.28 (95% CI: 1.09–1.49) for overall mortality and 1.48 (95% CI: 1.01–2.17) for heart disease mortality. Replacing 5% of energy from whole fruit with 100% or total fruit juice was associated with a 9% (95% CI: 2–16%) and 8% (95% CI: 1–15%) increased mortality risk, respectively. Our findings suggest that both total and 100% fruit juice could be associated with high mortality risk, and need to be validated in well-designed studies given the potential misclassification of diet and death reasons.
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Chiavaroli L, Wang YF, Ahmed M, Ng AP, DiAngelo C, Marsden S, Sievenpiper JL. Intakes of nutrients and food categories in Canadian children and adolescents across levels of sugars intake: cross-sectional analyses of the Canadian Community Health Survey 2015 Public Use Microdata File. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022; 47:415-428. [PMID: 35007181 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dietary recommendations to reduce sugars consumption may influence choices of sugars-containing foods and affect the intake of key micronutrients. We compared intakes of nutrients and food sources stratified by quintiles of total sugars in Canadian children (2-8 y) and adolescents (9-13 y, 14-18 y) using 24-hour dietary recalls from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition. Energy intakes did not differ across quintiles of sugars intake. Those with lower sugars intakes (Q1/Q3) generally had higher protein, fat, sodium, niacin, folate, and zinc and lower vitamin C compared with those with the highest sugars intakes (Q5). Q1 also had lower potassium but higher saturated fat compared with Q5. Further, Q1 generally had higher protein, fats, and niacin compared with Q3, while children in Q3 had higher potassium and riboflavin and older adolescents had higher calcium and fibre. Q5 had highest intakes of multiple sugar-containing food categories (e.g., fruit, confectionary, milks, cakes/pies/pastries), with higher sugars-sweetened beverages in adolescents. Q3 had higher fruit, milks, and fruit juice compared with Q1 and lower sugars/syrups/preserves, confectionary, and fruit juices compared with Q5. Certain nutrient-dense food sources of sugars (fruit, milks) may help increase key nutrients (potassium, calcium, fibre) in older adolescents with low sugars intakes. However, in those with the highest sugars intakes, nutrient-poor foods may displace nutrient-dense foods. Novelty: Canadian children and adolescents with lower sugars intake have better intakes of some nutrients. Energy intakes did not differ across sugars intake. Older adolescents with mean intakes of total sugars had better intakes of some key nutrients (potassium, calcium, fibre).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chiavaroli
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences and Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Ye Flora Wang
- Nutrition Information Service, Canadian Sugar Institute, Toronto, ON M5V 3E4, Canada
| | - Mavra Ahmed
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences and Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Alena Praneet Ng
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences and Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Chiara DiAngelo
- Nutrition Information Service, Canadian Sugar Institute, Toronto, ON M5V 3E4, Canada
| | - Sandra Marsden
- Nutrition Information Service, Canadian Sugar Institute, Toronto, ON M5V 3E4, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences and Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
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36
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Diet and exercise in lifestyle medicine: the hormetic effects of bioactive compounds on human health. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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37
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The Effect of Dietary Polyphenols on Vascular Health and Hypertension: Current Evidence and Mechanisms of Action. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030545. [PMID: 35276904 PMCID: PMC8840535 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to explore existing evidence from studies conducted on humans and summarize the mechanisms of action of dietary polyphenols on vascular health, blood pressure and hypertension. There is evidence that some polyphenol-rich foods, including berry fruits rich in anthocyanins, cocoa and green tea rich in flavan-3-ols, almonds and pistachios rich in hydroxycinnamic acids, and soy products rich in isoflavones, are able to improve blood pressure levels. A variety of mechanisms can elucidate the observed effects. Some limitations of the evidence, including variability of polyphenol content in plant-derived foods and human absorption, difficulty disentangling the effects of polyphenols from other dietary compounds, and discrepancy of doses between animal and human studies should be taken into account. While no single food counteracts hypertension, adopting a plant-based dietary pattern including a variety of polyphenol-rich foods is an advisable practice to improve blood pressure.
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Ruxton CHS, Derbyshire E, Sievenpiper JL. Pure 100% fruit juices – more than just a source of free sugars? A review of the evidence of their effect on risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity. NUTR BULL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John L. Sievenpiper
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences and Medicine Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine St. Michael’s Hospital Toronto ON Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre St. Michael’s Hospital Toronto ON Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute St. Michael’s Hospital Toronto ON Canada
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Ruxton CHS, Myers M. Fruit Juices: Are They Helpful or Harmful? An Evidence Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061815. [PMID: 34071760 PMCID: PMC8228760 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary guidelines often deal with 100% fruit juice (FJ) inconsistently because it represents a source of free sugars. However, FJ also provides bioavailable micronutrients and plant bioactives at levels similar to those found in whole fruits. The present review weighs up the evidence from high-quality studies investigating a potential health harm for FJ against evidence from studies which indicate a potential health benefit. The findings reveal that FJ consumption, at moderate intakes consistent with the dietary guidelines for the US and some European countries (75-224 mL daily), does not increase the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease or poor glycaemic control. In contrast, regular consumption of FJ-even up to 500 mL per day in short-to-medium-term studies-appears to confer a health benefit in terms of vascular function and reduced blood pressure. Emerging evidence for cognitive health benefits requires further investigation in human trials. Observational studies report associations between FJ and nutrient adequacy and suggest that FJ consumption is associated with reduced risk of stroke. In conclusion, FJ appears to offer more benefit than risk and there appears to be no justification for discouraging FJ within a balanced diet for children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie H. S. Ruxton
- Nutrition Communications, East Road, Cupar KY15 4HQ, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-7973-337757
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Pontifex MG, Malik MMAH, Connell E, Müller M, Vauzour D. Citrus Polyphenols in Brain Health and Disease: Current Perspectives. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:640648. [PMID: 33679318 PMCID: PMC7933480 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.640648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to essential micronutrients such as vitamin C, citrus fruits represent a considerably rich source of non-essential bioactive compounds, in particular flavanones which form a sub-set of the flavonoid group. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective potential of citrus flavonoids and have highlighted both the well-established (anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties), and newly emerging (influence upon blood-brain barrier function/integrity) mechanistic actions by which these neurological effects are mediated. Encouragingly, results from human studies, although limited in number, appear to support this preclinical basis, with improvements in cognitive performance and disease risk observed across healthy and disease states. Therefore, citrus fruits - both as whole fruit and 100% juices - should be encouraged within the diet for their potential neurological benefit. In addition, there should be further exploration of citrus polyphenols to establish therapeutic efficacy, particularly in the context of well-designed human interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Pontifex
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad M A H Malik
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Connell
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Müller
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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