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Medina-Vera I, Avila-Nava A, León-López L, Gutiérrez-Solis AL, Talamantes-Gómez JM, Márquez-Mota CC. Plant-based proteins: clinical and technological importance. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:2461-2475. [PMID: 39144188 PMCID: PMC11319542 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Healthy and sustainable diets have seen a surge in popularity in recent years, driven by a desire to consume foods that not only help health but also have a favorable influence on the environment, such as plant-based proteins. This has created controversy because plant-based proteins may not always contain all the amino acids required by the organism. However, protein extraction methods have been developed due to technological advancements to boost their nutritional worth. Furthermore, certain chemicals, such as bioactive peptides, have been identified and linked to favorable health effects. As a result, the current analysis focuses on the primary plant-based protein sources, their chemical composition, and the molecular mechanism activated by the amino acid types of present. It also discusses plant protein extraction techniques, bioactive substances derived from these sources, product development using plant protein, and the therapeutic benefits of these plant-based proteins in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Medina-Vera
- Departamento de Metodología de la Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Azalia Avila-Nava
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Liliana León-López
- Programa de Posgrado Integral en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, C.P. 80000 Culiacán, Sinaloa Mexico
| | | | - José Moisés Talamantes-Gómez
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia C. Márquez-Mota
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Hernández-Gómez KG, Velázquez-Villegas LA, Granados-Portillo O, Avila-Nava A, González-Salazar LE, Serralde-Zúñiga AE, Palacios-González B, Pichardo-Ontiveros E, Guizar-Heredia R, López-Barradas AM, Sánchez-Tapia M, Larios-Serrato V, Olin-Sandoval V, Díaz-Villaseñor A, Medina-Vera I, Noriega LG, Alemán-Escondrillas G, Ortiz-Ortega VM, Torres N, Tovar AR, Guevara-Cruz M. Acute Effects of Dietary Protein Consumption on the Postprandial Metabolic Response, Amino Acid Levels and Circulating MicroRNAs in Patients with Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7716. [PMID: 39062958 PMCID: PMC11276941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The post-nutritional intervention modulation of miRNA expression has been previously investigated; however, post-acute dietary-ingestion-related miRNA expression dynamics in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are unknown. We aimed to determine the acute effects of protein ingestion from different dietary sources on the postprandial metabolic response, amino acid levels, and circulating miRNA expression in adults with obesity and IR. This clinical trial included adults with obesity and IR who consumed (1) animal-source protein (AP; calcium caseinate) or (2) vegetable-source protein (VP; soy protein isolate). Glycaemic, insulinaemic, and glucagon responses, amino acid levels, and exosomal microRNAs isolated from plasma were analysed. Post-AP ingestion, the area under the curve (AUC) of insulin (p = 0.04) and the plasma concentrations of branched-chain (p = 0.007) and gluconeogenic (p = 0.01) amino acids increased. The effects of different types of proteins on the concentration of miRNAs were evaluated by measuring their plasma circulating levels. Compared with the baseline, the AP group presented increased circulating levels of miR-27a-3p, miR-29b-3p, and miR-122-5p (p < 0.05). Subsequent analysis over time at 0, 30, and 60 min revealed the same pattern and differences between treatments. We demonstrated that a single dose of dietary protein has acute effects on hormonal and metabolic regulation and increases exosomal miRNA expression in individuals with obesity and IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla G. Hernández-Gómez
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Laura A. Velázquez-Villegas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Omar Granados-Portillo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Azalia Avila-Nava
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán, IMSS-Bienestar, Mérida 97130, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Luis E. González-Salazar
- Servicio de Nutriología Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Aurora E. Serralde-Zúñiga
- Servicio de Nutriología Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Berenice Palacios-González
- Laboratorio de Envejecimiento Saludable del INMEGEN en el Centro de Investigación Sobre el Envejecimiento, Mexico City 14330, Mexico
| | - Edgar Pichardo-Ontiveros
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Rocio Guizar-Heredia
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Adriana M. López-Barradas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Mónica Sánchez-Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Violeta Larios-Serrato
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Viridiana Olin-Sandoval
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Andrea Díaz-Villaseñor
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Isabel Medina-Vera
- Departamento de Metodología de la Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Lilia G. Noriega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Alemán-Escondrillas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Victor M. Ortiz-Ortega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Armando R. Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Martha Guevara-Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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Pradhan M, Hedaoo R, Joseph A, Jain R. Charting Wellness in India: Piloting the iTHRIVE's Functional Nutrition Approach to Improve Glycaemic and Inflammatory Parameters in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cureus 2024; 16:e63744. [PMID: 39100011 PMCID: PMC11296214 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by elevation of blood glucose levels due to underlying insulin resistance and inflammation. Multiple modifiable risk factors such as unhealthy dietary habits, physical inactivity, obesity, smoking and psychological stress contribute to T2DM. We investigated the efficacy of a comprehensive functional nutrition approach aimed at mitigating T2DM using the iTHRIVE approach which encompassed anti-inflammatory and elimination diets, micronutrient supplements, physical activity, stress management and environmental modifications through a pre-post study design. The research assessed changes in blood glucose and inflammatory markers following the implementation of the functional nutrition program. Methods A prospective pre-post intervention pilot study was conducted at ThriveTribe Wellness Solutions Pvt Ltd. (iTHRIVE), where 50 study participants from urban areas of Pune city, India (n=25 each group) were recruited voluntarily in the age group of 20-60 years. The participants were subjected to 90 days of the iTHRIVE functional nutrition approach which consisted of eliminating certain inflammatory foods and adding a combination of nutritious organic foods, adding dietary supplements like magnesium, vitamin D, alpha lipoic acid, chromium picolinate, berberine and biogymnema, physical activities like resistance training, stress reduction techniques like meditation and deep breathing exercises along with environmental changes. The blood parameters like fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C), fasting serum insulin, post-prandial serum insulin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), vitamin D, body weight and waist circumference were measured before and after the intervention. The changes were statistically analyzed using a paired t-test. Results The mean age of the participants was found to be 43.76±10.58 years. Around 68% of the participants were prediabetic (HbA1c: 5.7-6.4%) and 32% had T2DM (HbA1c ≥6.5%). A significant reduction was observed in the average HbA1c (13.75% reduction, p<0.0001), average post-prandial blood glucose levels (14.51% reduction, p<0.048), average post-prandial serum insulin (34.31% reduction, p<0.017) and average ESR levels (34.51% reduction, p<0.006). The hs-CRP levels were reduced by 6.6%, but not statistically significant. The average body weight of the participants dropped from 78.59±15.18 kg to 75.20±14.20 kg with a mean loss of 2.91 kg (p<0.05) whereas the waist circumference decreased from 37.54±5.09 to 35.97±4.74 inches with an average loss of 1.19 inches (p<0.0004). Conclusions Following the intervention, several health indicators indicated significant improvements. Particularly, there was a significant drop in HbA1c levels, suggesting better long-term blood glucose control. Blood glucose and serum insulin levels after a meal dropped significantly, indicating enhanced insulin sensitivity. There was a decrease in systemic inflammation as evidenced by the decrease in ESR levels. These results imply that the iTHRIVE functional nutrition approach used in this investigation might be beneficial for enhancing glycemic control and insulin sensitivity, along with reducing inflammatory markers in people with prediabetes and T2DM. Larger sample sizes and longer periods of monitoring would be useful in subsequent research to validate and build on these encouraging findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugdha Pradhan
- Nutrition, ThriveTribe Wellness Solutions Pvt Ltd., Pune, IND
| | - Radhika Hedaoo
- Nutrition, Symbiosis School of Culinary Arts, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, IND
| | - Anitta Joseph
- Nutrition, ThriveTribe Wellness Solutions Pvt Ltd., Pune, IND
| | - Ria Jain
- Nutrition, ThriveTribe Wellness Solutions Pvt Ltd., Pune, IND
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Kokura Y, Ueshima J, Saino Y, Keisuke M. Enhanced protein intake on maintaining muscle mass, strength, and physical function in adults with overweight/obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:417-426. [PMID: 39002131 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Weight loss in individuals with obesity and overweight leads to metabolic and health benefits but also poses the risk of muscle mass reduction. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials aims to determine the initial protein amount necessary for achieving weight loss while maintaining muscle mass, strength, and physical function in adults with overweight and obesity. METHODS Relevant literature databases, including Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Excerpta Medica (Embase), the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINHAL), and Web of Science, were electronically searched up to 15 March 2023. We examined the effect of additional protein intake on muscle mass, strength, and physical function in adults with overweight or obesity targeting weight loss. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool. Results were synthesized using standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) via a random-effects model. RESULTS Forty-seven studies (n = 3218) were included. In the muscle mass analysis, twenty-eight trials with 1989 participants were encompassed. Results indicated that increased protein intake significantly prevents muscle mass decline in adults with overweight or obesity aiming for weight loss (SMD 0.75; 95% CI 0.41 to 1.10; p < 0.001). Enhanced protein intake did not significantly prevent decreases in muscle strength and physical function. An intake exceeding 1.3 g/kg/day is anticipated to increase muscle mass, while an intake below 1.0 g/kg/day is associated with a higher risk of muscle mass decline. The risk of bias in studies regarding muscle mass ranged from low to high. CONCLUSIONS Adults with overweight or obesity and aim for weight loss can more effectively retain muscle mass through higher protein intake, as opposed to no protein intake enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Kokura
- Department of Nutritional Management, Keiju Hatogaoka Integrated Facility for Medical and Long-Term Care, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Junko Ueshima
- Department of Nutritional Service, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Japan, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Yoko Saino
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Maeda Keisuke
- Nutrition Therapy Support Center, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.
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Lépine G, Huneau JF, Rémond D, Mathé V, David J, Hermier D, Guérin-Deremaux L, Lefranc-Millot C, Poupin N, Mariotti F, Polakof S, Fouillet H. Compared with Milk Protein, a Wheat and Pea Protein Blend Reduces High-Fat, High-Sucrose Induced Metabolic Dysregulations while Similarly Supporting Tissue Protein Anabolism in Rats. J Nutr 2023; 153:645-656. [PMID: 36931747 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant proteins (PPs) have been associated with better cardiovascular health than animal proteins (APs) in epidemiological studies. However, the underlying metabolic mechanisms remain mostly unknown. OBJECTIVES Using a combination of cutting-edge isotopic methods, we aimed to better characterize the differences in protein and energy metabolisms induced by dietary protein sources (PP compared with AP) in a prudent or western dietary context. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 44, 8 wk old) were fed for 4.5 mo with isoproteic diets differing in their protein isolate sources, either AP (100% milk) or PP (50%:50% pea: wheat) and being normal (NFS) or high (HFS) in sucrose (6% or 15% kcal) and saturated fat (7% or 20% kcal), respectively. We measured body weight and composition, hepatic enzyme activities and lipid content, and plasma metabolites. In the intestine, liver, adipose tissues, and skeletal muscles, we concomitantly assessed the extent of amino acid (AA) trafficking using a 15N natural abundance method, the rates of macronutrient routing to dispensable AA using a 13C natural abundance method, and the metabolic fluxes of protein synthesis (PS) and de novo lipogenesis using a 2H labeling method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Mixed models. RESULTS At the whole-body level, PP limited HFS-induced insulin resistance (-27% in HOMA-IR between HFS groups, P < 0.05). In the liver, PP induced lower lipid content (-17%, P < 0.01) and de novo lipogenesis (-24%, P < 0.05). In the different tissues studied, PP induced higher AA transamination accompanied by higher routings of dietary carbohydrates and lipids toward dispensable AA synthesis by glycolysis and β-oxidation, resulting in similar tissue PS and protein mass. CONCLUSIONS In growing rats, compared with AP, a balanced blend of PP similarly supports protein anabolism while better limiting whole-body and tissue metabolic dysregulations through mechanisms related to their less optimal AA profile for direct channeling to PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaïa Lépine
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France; Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UMR1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-François Huneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Didier Rémond
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UMR1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Véronique Mathé
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Jérémie David
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UMR1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Hermier
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Poupin
- UMR1331 Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - François Mariotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sergio Polakof
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UMR1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Hélène Fouillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
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Ranganath VK, La Cava A, Vangala S, Brook J, Kermani TA, Furst DE, Taylor M, Kaeley GS, Carpenter C, Elashoff DA, Li Z. Improved outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis with obesity after a weight loss intervention: randomized trial. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:565-574. [PMID: 35640116 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether a weight loss intervention programme improves RA disease activity and/or musculoskeletal ultrasound synovitis measures in obese RA patients. METHODS We conducted a proof-of-concept, 12-week, single-blind, randomized controlled trial of obese RA patients (BMI ≥ 30) with 28-joint DAS (DAS28) ≥ 3.2 and with evidence of power Doppler synovitis. Forty patients were randomized to the diet intervention (n = 20) or control group (n = 20). Diet intervention consisted of a hypocaloric diet of 1000-1500 kcal/day and high protein meal replacements. Co-primary outcomes included change in DAS28 and power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS)-34. Clinical disease activity, imaging, biomarkers, adipokines and patient-reported outcomes were monitored throughout the trial. Recruitment terminated early. All analyses were based on intent-to-treat for a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS The diet intervention group lost an average 9.5 kg/patient, while the control group lost 0.5 kg (P < 0.001). Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID3) improved, serum leptin decreased and serum adiponectin increased significantly within the diet group and between the groups (all P < 0.03). DAS28 decreased, 5.2 to 4.2, within the diet group (P < 0.001; -0.51 [95% CI -1.01, 0.00], P = 0.056, between groups). HAQ-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) improved significantly within the diet group (P < 0.04; P = 0.065 between group). Ultrasound measures and the multi-biomarker disease activity score did not differ between groups (PDUS-34 -2.0 [95% CI -7.00, 3.1], P = 0.46 between groups). CONCLUSION Obese RA patients on the diet intervention achieved weight loss. There were significant between group improvements for RAPID3, adiponectin and leptin levels, and positive trends for DAS28 and HAQ-DI. Longer-term, larger weight loss studies are needed to validate these findings, and will allow for further investigative work to improve the clinical management of obese RA patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02881307.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena K Ranganath
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Antonio La Cava
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sitaram Vangala
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jenny Brook
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tanaz A Kermani
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Daniel E Furst
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mihaela Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Gurjit S Kaeley
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Catherine Carpenter
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - David A Elashoff
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
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Effect of the Melanocortin 4-Receptor Ile269Asn Mutation on Weight Loss Response to Dietary, Phentermine and Bariatric Surgery Interventions. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122267. [PMID: 36553534 PMCID: PMC9778600 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of function melanocortin 4-receptor (MC4R) Ile269Asn mutation has been proposed as one of the most important genetic contributors to obesity in the Mexican population. However, whether patients bearing this mutation respond differently to weight loss treatments is unknown. We tested the association of this mutation with obesity in 1683 Mexican adults, and compared the response of mutation carriers and non-carriers to three different weight loss interventions: dietary restriction intervention, phentermine 30 mg/day treatment, and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. The Ile269Asn mutation was associated with obesity [OR = 3.8, 95% CI (1.5-9.7), p = 0.005]. Regarding interventions, in the dietary restriction group only two patients were MC4R Ile269Asn mutation carriers. After 1 month of treatment, both mutation carriers lost weight: -4.0 kg (-2.9%) in patient 1, and -1.8 kg (-1.5%) in patient 2; similar to the mean weight loss observed in six non-carrier subjects (-2.9 kg; -2.8%). Phentermine treatment produced similar weight loss in six carriers (-12.7 kg; 15.5%) and 18 non-carriers (-11.3 kg; 13.6%) after 6 months of pharmacological treatment. RYGB also caused similar weight loss in seven carriers (29.9%) and 24 non-carriers (27.8%), 6 months after surgery. Our findings suggest that while the presence of a single MC4R loss of function Ile269Asn allele significantly increases obesity risk, the presence of at least one functional MC4R allele seems sufficient to allow short-term weight loss in response to dietary restriction, phentermine and RYGB. Thus, these three different interventions may be useful for the short-term treatment of obesity in MC4R Ile269Asn mutation carriers.
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Tagliaferri F, Massese M, Russo L, Commone A, Gasperini S, Pretese R, Dionisi-Vici C, Maiorana A. Hepatic glycogen storage diseases type 0, VI and IX: description of an italian cohort. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:285. [PMID: 35854365 PMCID: PMC9295101 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycogen storage disease (GSD) type 0, VI and IX are inborn errors of metabolism involving hepatic glycogen synthesis and degradation. We performed a characterization of a large Italian cohort of 30 patients with GSD type 0a, VI, IXa, IXb and IXc. A retrospective evaluation of genetical, auxological and endocrinological data, biochemical tests, and nutritional intakes was assessed. Eventual findings of overweight/obesity and insulin-resistance were correlated with diet composition. Results Six GSD-0a, 1 GSD-VI, and 23 GSD-IX patients were enrolled, with an age of presentation from 0 to 72 months (median 14 months). Diagnosis was made at a median age of 30 months, with a median diagnostic delay of 11 months and a median follow-up of 66 months. From first to last visit, patients gained a median height of 0.6 SDS (from − 1.1 to 2.1 SDS) and a median weight of 0.5 SDS (from − 2.5 to 3.3 SDS); mean and minimal glucose values significant improved (p < 0.05). With respect to dietary intakes, protein intake (g/kg) and protein intake (g/kg)/RDA ratio directly correlated with the glucose/insulin ratio (p < 0.05) and inversely correlated with HOMA-IR (Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, p < 0.05), BMI SDS (p < 0.05) and %ibw (ideal body weight percentage, p < 0.01). Conclusion A prompt establishment of specific nutritional therapy allowed to preserve growth, improve glycemic control and prevent liver complication, during childhood. Remarkably, the administration of a high protein diet appeared to have a protective effect against overweight/obesity and insulin-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tagliaferri
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,SCDU of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore Della Carità, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Miriam Massese
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Russo
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Commone
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Gasperini
- Metabolic Unit Rare Disease, Pediatric Department, Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberta Pretese
- Metabolic Unit Rare Disease, Pediatric Department, Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Carlo Dionisi-Vici
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Maiorana
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Effect of the BCAT2 polymorphism (rs11548193) on plasma branched-chain amino acid concentrations after dietary intervention in subjects with obesity and insulin resistance. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:43-54. [PMID: 34340727 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521002920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are considered markers of insulin resistance (IR) in subjects with obesity. In this study, we evaluated whether the presence of the SNP of the branched-chain aminotransferase 2 (BCAT2) gene can modify the effect of a dietary intervention (DI) on the plasma concentration of BCAA in subjects with obesity and IR. A prospective cohort study of adult subjects with obesity, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ≥ 2·5) no diagnosed chronic disease, underwent a DI with an energy restriction of 3140 kJ/d and nutritional education for 1 month. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, blood pressure, resting energy expenditure, oral glucose tolerance test results, serum biochemical parameters and the plasma amino acid profile were evaluated before and after the DI. SNP were assessed by the TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. A total of eighty-two subjects were included, and fifteen subjects with a BCAT2 SNP had a greater reduction in leucine, isoleucine, valine and the sum of BCAA. Those subjects also had a greater reduction in skeletal muscle mass, fat-free mass, total body water, blood pressure, muscle strength and biochemical parameters after 1 month of the DI and adjusting for age and sex. This study demonstrated that the presence of the BCAT2 SNP promotes a greater reduction in plasma BCAA concentration after adjusting for age and sex, in subjects with obesity and IR after a 1-month energy-restricted DI.
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10
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Vitamin C status and its change in relation to glucose-lipid metabolism in overweight and obesity patients following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1387-1392. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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[Nutritional labeling and amino acid profile in high protein Chilean dairy products: a new alternative for health and sports]. NUTR HOSP 2021; 38:1075-1087. [PMID: 34044575 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION protein is an essential nutrient that can be obtained through different food sources. In recent years, a growing development in the food industry of dairy products with higher protein content has emerged in the national market. Métodos: the present work analyzed the nutritional information, protein content, and amino acid profile of high protein yogurts. Five main brands of high-protein yogurt (PY) were selected, as was a sample of regular yogurt (RY), and one of whey protein isolate (WP), which underwent a proximal analysis and amino acid profile by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS it was observed that the protein content of the analyzed YP ranged between 7.2 and 15.1 g/portion, representing 6.8 % to 11 % of total content, twice the content of YBAT (3,4 %). Regarding carbohydrates and fats, these were found to range between 6.25 and 13.5 g/serving and 0.9 and 5.3 g/serving, respectively. Leucine content of the PY varied between 0.6 and 1.5 g/portion, which was higher than RY (0.3 g/portion) and lower than WP (2.2 g/portion). The sum of essential amino acids was found to be between 3 and 6.9 g/portion in PY, 1.7 in PY, and 8.5 in WP. DISCUSSION these results show that PYs are a good alternative to promote a correct protein intake, similar to proteins for sports use, so their recommendation could be useful to promote consumption in different populations according to their needs.
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12
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Wali JA, Solon-Biet SM, Freire T, Brandon AE. Macronutrient Determinants of Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Health. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:336. [PMID: 33923531 PMCID: PMC8072595 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity caused by the overconsumption of calories has increased to epidemic proportions. Insulin resistance is often associated with an increased adiposity and is a precipitating factor in the development of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and altered metabolic health. Of the various factors contributing to metabolic impairments, nutrition is the major modifiable factor that can be targeted to counter the rising prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases. However, the macronutrient composition of a nutritionally balanced "healthy diet" are unclear, and so far, no tested dietary intervention has been successful in achieving long-term compliance and reductions in body weight and associated beneficial health outcomes. In the current review, we briefly describe the role of the three major macronutrients, carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and their role in metabolic health, and provide mechanistic insights. We also discuss how an integrated multi-dimensional approach to nutritional science could help in reconciling apparently conflicting findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibran A. Wali
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.A.W.); (S.M.S.-B.); (T.F.)
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Samantha M. Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.A.W.); (S.M.S.-B.); (T.F.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Therese Freire
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.A.W.); (S.M.S.-B.); (T.F.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Amanda E. Brandon
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.A.W.); (S.M.S.-B.); (T.F.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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