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Foret MK, Orciani C, Welikovitch LA, Huang C, Cuello AC, Do Carmo S. Early oxidative stress and DNA damage in Aβ-burdened hippocampal neurons in an Alzheimer's-like transgenic rat model. Commun Biol 2024; 7:861. [PMID: 39004677 PMCID: PMC11247100 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key contributor to AD pathology. However, the earliest role of pre-plaque neuronal oxidative stress, remains elusive. Using laser microdissected hippocampal neurons extracted from McGill-R-Thy1-APP transgenic rats we found that intraneuronal amyloid beta (iAβ)-burdened neurons had increased expression of genes related to oxidative stress and DNA damage responses including Ercc2, Fancc, Sod2, Gsr, and Idh1. DNA damage was further evidenced by increased neuronal levels of XPD (Ercc2) and γH2AX foci, indicative of DNA double stranded breaks (DSBs), and by increased expression of Ercc6, Rad51, and Fen1, and decreased Sirt6 in hippocampal homogenates. We also found increased expression of synaptic plasticity genes (Grin2b (NR2B), CamkIIα, Bdnf, c-fos, and Homer1A) and increased protein levels of TOP2β. Our findings indicate that early accumulation of iAβ, prior to Aβ plaques, is accompanied by incipient oxidative stress and DSBs that may arise directly from oxidative stress or from maladaptive synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan K Foret
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chiara Orciani
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Chunwei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
| | - Sonia Do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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2
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Abdi G, Jain M, Patil N, Upadhyay B, Vyas N, Dwivedi M, Kaushal RS. 14-3-3 proteins-a moonlight protein complex with therapeutic potential in neurological disorder: in-depth review with Alzheimer's disease. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1286536. [PMID: 38375509 PMCID: PMC10876095 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1286536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects millions of people worldwide and is a gradually worsening neurodegenerative condition. The accumulation of abnormal proteins, such as tau and beta-amyloid, in the brain is a hallmark of AD pathology. 14-3-3 proteins have been implicated in AD pathology in several ways. One proposed mechanism is that 14-3-3 proteins interact with tau protein and modulate its phosphorylation, aggregation, and toxicity. Tau is a protein associated with microtubules, playing a role in maintaining the structural integrity of neuronal cytoskeleton. However, in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD), an abnormal increase in its phosphorylation occurs. This leads to the aggregation of tau into neurofibrillary tangles, which is a distinctive feature of this condition. Studies have shown that 14-3-3 proteins can bind to phosphorylated tau and regulate its function and stability. In addition, 14-3-3 proteins have been shown to interact with beta-amyloid (Aβ), the primary component of amyloid plaques in AD. 14-3-3 proteins can regulate the clearance of Aβ through the lysosomal degradation pathway by interacting with the lysosomal membrane protein LAMP2A. Dysfunction of lysosomal degradation pathway is thought to contribute to the accumulation of Aβ in the brain and the progression of AD. Furthermore, 14-3-3 proteins have been found to be downregulated in the brains of AD patients, suggesting that their dysregulation may contribute to AD pathology. For example, decreased levels of 14-3-3 proteins in cerebrospinal fluid have been suggested as a biomarker for AD. Overall, these findings suggest that 14-3-3 proteins may play an important role in AD pathology and may represent a potential therapeutic target for the disease. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying the involvement of 14-3-3 proteins in AD and to explore their potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamareza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mukul Jain
- Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Nil Patil
- Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Bindiya Upadhyay
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Nigam Vyas
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- Biophysics and Structural Biology Laboratory, Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Manish Dwivedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Radhey Shyam Kaushal
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- Biophysics and Structural Biology Laboratory, Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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3
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Verma H, Gangwar P, Yadav A, Yadav B, Rao R, Kaur S, Kumar P, Dhiman M, Taglialatela G, Mantha AK. Understanding the neuronal synapse and challenges associated with the mitochondrial dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Mitochondrion 2023; 73:19-29. [PMID: 37708950 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic mitochondria are crucial for maintaining synaptic activity due to their high energy requirements, substantial calcium (Ca2+) fluctuation, and neurotransmitter release at the synapse. To provide a continuous energy supply, neurons use special mechanisms to transport and distribute healthy mitochondria to the synapse while eliminating the damaged mitochondria from the synapse. Along the neuron, mitochondrial membrane potential (ψ) gradient exists and is highest in the somal region. Lower ψ in the synaptic region renders mitochondria more vulnerable to oxidative stress-mediated damage. Secondly, mitochondria become susceptible to the release of cytochrome c, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is not shielded from the reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the histone proteins (unlike nuclear DNA), leading to activation of caspases and pronounced oxidative DNA base damage, which ultimately causes synaptic loss. Both synaptic mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic failure are crucial factors responsible for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, amyloid beta (Aβ) and hyper-phosphorylated Tau, the two leading players of AD, exaggerate the disease-like pathological conditions by reducing the mitochondrial trafficking, blocking the bi-directional transport at the synapse, enhancing the mitochondrial fission via activating the mitochondrial fission proteins, enhancing the swelling of mitochondria by increasing the influx of water through mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, as well as reduced ATP production by blocking the activity of complex I and complex IV. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is also associated with decline in cognitive ability caused by synaptic degradation. This review summarizes the challenges associated with the synaptic mitochondrial dysfunction linked to AD and MCI and the role of phytochemicals in restoring the synaptic activity and rendering neuroprotection in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harkomal Verma
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Prabhakar Gangwar
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anuradha Yadav
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Bharti Yadav
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Rashmi Rao
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sharanjot Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Giulio Taglialatela
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Anil Kumar Mantha
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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4
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Wu YH, Hsieh HL. Effects of Redox Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Damage on Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1816. [PMID: 37891895 PMCID: PMC10604635 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioenergetic mitochondrial dysfunction is a common feature of several diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), where redox imbalance also plays an important role in terms of disease development. AD is an age-related disease and begins many years before the appearance of neurodegenerative symptoms. Intracellular tau aggregation, extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in the brain, and even the APOE4 genotype contribute to the process of AD by impairing redox homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review summarizes the evidence for the redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction in AD and demonstrates the current therapeutic strategies related to mitochondrial maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan or
| | - Hsi-Lung Hsieh
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan or
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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5
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Devi V, Bhushan B, Gupta M, Sethi M, Kaur C, Singh A, Singh V, Kumar R, Rakshit S, Chaudhary DP. Genetic and molecular understanding for the development of methionine-rich maize: a holistic approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1249230. [PMID: 37794928 PMCID: PMC10546030 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1249230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) is the most important coarse cereal utilized as a major energy source for animal feed and humans. However, maize grains are deficient in methionine, an essential amino acid required for proper growth and development. Synthetic methionine has been used in animal feed, which is costlier and leads to adverse health effects on end-users. Bio-fortification of maize for methionine is, therefore, the most sustainable and environmental friendly approach. The zein proteins are responsible for methionine deposition in the form of δ-zein, which are major seed storage proteins of maize kernel. The present review summarizes various aspects of methionine including its importance and requirement for different subjects, its role in animal growth and performance, regulation of methionine content in maize and its utilization in human food. This review gives insight into improvement strategies including the selection of natural high-methionine mutants, molecular modulation of maize seed storage proteins and target key enzymes for sulphur metabolism and its flux towards the methionine synthesis, expression of synthetic genes, modifying gene codon and promoters employing genetic engineering approaches to enhance its expression. The compiled information on methionine and essential amino acids linked Quantitative Trait Loci in maize and orthologs cereals will give insight into the hotspot-linked genomic regions across the diverse range of maize germplasm through meta-QTL studies. The detailed information about candidate genes will provide the opportunity to target specific regions for gene editing to enhance methionine content in maize. Overall, this review will be helpful for researchers to design appropriate strategies to develop high-methionine maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Devi
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Mamta Gupta
- Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Mehak Sethi
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Charanjeet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Alla Singh
- Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Vishal Singh
- Division of Plant Breeding, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Division of Plant Breeding, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Sujay Rakshit
- Division of Plant Breeding, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Dharam P. Chaudhary
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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El Alaouy MA, Alaqarbeh M, Ouabane M, Zaki H, ElBouhi M, Badaoui H, Moukhliss Y, Sbai A, Maghat H, Lakhlifi T, Bouachrine M. Computational Prediction of 3,5-Diaryl-1H-Pyrazole and spiropyrazolines derivatives as potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for alzheimer disease treatment by 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and ADME-Tox. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37655700 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2252116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of 40 synthesized variants of 3,5-diaryl-1H-pyrazole and spiropyrazoline' derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors is verified using a quantitative three-dimensional structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) by comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA) models. In this research, different field models proved that CoMSIA/SE model is the best model with high predictive power compared to several models (Qved2 = O.65; R2 = 0.980; R2test = 0.727). Also, contour maps produced by CoMSIA/SE model have been employed to prove the key structural needs of the activity. Consequently, six new compounds have been generated. Among these compounds, M4 and M5 were the most active but remained toxic and had poor absorption capacities. While the M1, M2, M3 and M6 remained highly active while respecting ADMET's characteristics. Molecular docking results showed compound M2 better with acetylcholinesterase than compound 22. The interactions are classical hydrogen bonding with residues TYR:124, TYR:72, and SER:293, which play a critical role in the biological activity as AChE inhibitors. MD results confirmed the docking results and showed that compound M2 had satisfactory stability with (ΔGbinding = -151.225 KJ/mol) in the active site of AChE receptor compared with compound 22 (ΔGbinding = -133.375 KJ/mol). In addition, both compounds had good stability regarding RMSD, Rg, and RMSF. The previous results show that the newly designed compound M2 is more active in the active site of AChE receptor than compound 22.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moulay Ahfid El Alaouy
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | | | - Mohamed Ouabane
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Hanane Zaki
- BIO Laboratory, EST Khenifra, Sultan Moulay Slimane University Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Mohamed ElBouhi
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Hassan Badaoui
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Youness Moukhliss
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Abdelouahid Sbai
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Hamid Maghat
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Tahar Lakhlifi
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bouachrine
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
- EST Khenifra, Sultan Moulay Sliman University, Benimellal, Morocco
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Zhang T, Luu MDA, Dolga AM, Eisel ULM, Schmidt M. The old second messenger cAMP teams up with novel cell death mechanisms: potential translational therapeutical benefit for Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1207280. [PMID: 37405135 PMCID: PMC10315612 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1207280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) represent the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders severely impacting life expectancy and quality of life of millions of people worldwide. AD and PD exhibit both a very distinct pathophysiological disease pattern. Intriguingly, recent researches, however, implicate that overlapping mechanisms may underlie AD and PD. In AD and PD, novel cell death mechanisms, encompassing parthanatos, netosis, lysosome-dependent cell death, senescence and ferroptosis, apparently rely on the production of reactive oxygen species, and seem to be modulated by the well-known, "old" second messenger cAMP. Signaling of cAMP via PKA and Epac promotes parthanatos and induces lysosomal cell death, while signaling of cAMP via PKA inhibits netosis and cellular senescence. Additionally, PKA protects against ferroptosis, whereas Epac1 promotes ferroptosis. Here we review the most recent insights into the overlapping mechanisms between AD and PD, with a special focus on cAMP signaling and the pharmacology of cAMP signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Minh D. A. Luu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Amalia M. Dolga
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ulrich L. M. Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Diukov Y, Bachinskaya N, Dzobak A, Kholin V, Kyriachenko Y, Barsukov O, Zabuha O, Krasnienkov D. Association of Telomere Length with Cognitive Impairment. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:448-455. [PMID: 37278929 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Telomere attrition is attributed to Alzheimer's disease (AD), major depressive disorder, stress levels, physical inactivity, short sleep duration, and reduced educational abilities. In this article, we tried to assess the association between the telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes and level of cognitive impairment and its dependence on age and sex. Healthy subjects and patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and different AD stages were recruited in the study. All patients were assessed by the same standard diagnostic procedure, including neurological examination-Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Blood samples from 66 subjects (18 men and 48 women, mean age 71.2 ± 0.56 years) were collected for DNA extraction from peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC). Relative telomere length (RTL) was measured by monochrome multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The data obtained in the study indicate that RTL in PBMCs has a statistically significant association with MMSE score (p < 0.02). Moreover, the sex-specific difference was observed for the association between telomere length and various parameters of MMSE. Also, it has been found that a decrease in RTL by one unit is associated with an increase in the odds to get AD at a ratio of 2.54 (95% CI, 1.25 to 5.17). The results obtained in this research are in coherence with other studies that telomere length may be a valuable biomarker of cognitive decline. However, the potential need for longitudinal studies of telomere length, in order to estimate the influence of hereditary and environmental factors, remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevhenii Diukov
- State Institution "D. F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology NAMS Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Natalia Bachinskaya
- State Institution "D. F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology NAMS Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Andrii Dzobak
- Educational and Scientific Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Victor Kholin
- State Institution "D. F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology NAMS Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Yevheniia Kyriachenko
- Educational and Scientific Center "Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Oleksii Barsukov
- State Institution "D. F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology NAMS Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Zabuha
- State Institution "D. F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology NAMS Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine.
| | - Dmytro Krasnienkov
- State Institution "D. F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology NAMS Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
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Andersen JV, Schousboe A. Glial Glutamine Homeostasis in Health and Disease. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1100-1128. [PMID: 36322369 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine is an essential cerebral metabolite. Several critical brain processes are directly linked to glutamine, including ammonia homeostasis, energy metabolism and neurotransmitter recycling. Astrocytes synthesize and release large quantities of glutamine, which is taken up by neurons to replenish the glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter pools. Astrocyte glutamine hereby sustains the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle, synaptic transmission and general brain function. Cerebral glutamine homeostasis is linked to the metabolic coupling of neurons and astrocytes, and relies on multiple cellular processes, including TCA cycle function, synaptic transmission and neurotransmitter uptake. Dysregulations of processes related to glutamine homeostasis are associated with several neurological diseases and may mediate excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration. In particular, diminished astrocyte glutamine synthesis is a common neuropathological component, depriving neurons of an essential metabolic substrate and precursor for neurotransmitter synthesis, hereby leading to synaptic dysfunction. While astrocyte glutamine synthesis is quantitatively dominant in the brain, oligodendrocyte-derived glutamine may serve important functions in white matter structures. In this review, the crucial roles of glial glutamine homeostasis in the healthy and diseased brain are discussed. First, we provide an overview of cellular recycling, transport, synthesis and metabolism of glutamine in the brain. These cellular aspects are subsequently discussed in relation to pathological glutamine homeostasis of hepatic encephalopathy, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Further studies on the multifaceted roles of cerebral glutamine will not only increase our understanding of the metabolic collaboration between brain cells, but may also aid to reveal much needed therapeutic targets of several neurological pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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10
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Yin Z, Zhou J, Xia M, Chen Z, Li Y, Zhang X, Li X, Yan H, Wang L, Sun M, Zhao L, Liang F, Wang Z. Acupuncture on mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review of neuroimaging studies. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1007436. [PMID: 36875696 PMCID: PMC9975578 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1007436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a multifactorial and complex central neurodegenerative disease. Acupuncture appears to be an effective method for cognitive function improvement in MCI patients. Neural plasticity remaining in the MCI brain implies that acupuncture-associated benefits may not be limited to the cognitive function. Instead, neurological alternations in the brain play a vital role in corresponding to the cognitive improvement. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the effects of cognitive function, leaving neurological findings relatively unclear. This systematic review summarized existing studies that used various brain imaging techniques to explore the neurological effect regarding acupuncture use for MCI treatment. Potential neuroimaging trials were searched, collected, and identified independently by two researchers. Four Chinese databases, four English databases, and additional sources were searched to identify studies reporting the use of acupuncture for MCI from the inception of databases until 1 June 2022. Methodological quality was appraised using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. In addition, general, methodological, and brain neuroimaging information was extracted and summarized to investigate the potential neural mechanisms by which acupuncture affects patients with MCI. In total, 22 studies involving 647 participants were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was moderate to high. The methods used included functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Acupuncture-induced brain alterations observed in those patients with MCI tended to be observable in the cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. The effect of acupuncture on MCI may play a role in regulating the default mode network, central executive network, and salience network. Based on these studies, researchers could extend the recent research focus from the cognitive domain to the neurological level. Future researches should develop additional relevant, well-designed, high-quality, and multimodal neuroimaging researches to detect the effects of acupuncture on the brains of MCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Yin
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Manze Xia
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenghong Chen
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaqin Li
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Yan
- School of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingsheng Sun
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanrong Liang
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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11
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Li H, Ren J, Li Y, Wu Q, Wei J. Oxidative stress: The nexus of obesity and cognitive dysfunction in diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1134025. [PMID: 37077347 PMCID: PMC10107409 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1134025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been associated with oxidative stress. Obese patients are at increased risk for diabetic cognitive dysfunction, indicating a pathological link between obesity, oxidative stress, and diabetic cognitive dysfunction. Obesity can induce the biological process of oxidative stress by disrupting the adipose microenvironment (adipocytes, macrophages), mediating low-grade chronic inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction (mitochondrial division, fusion). Furthermore, oxidative stress can be implicated in insulin resistance, inflammation in neural tissues, and lipid metabolism disorders, affecting cognitive dysfunction in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Li
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yusi Li
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junping Wei
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Junping Wei,
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12
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Xu Y, Deng T, Xie L, Qin T, Sun T. Neuroprotective effects of hawthorn leaf flavonoids in
Aβ
25–35
‐induced
Alzheimer's disease model. Phytother Res 2022; 37:1346-1365. [PMID: 36447359 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, neuronal cell loss, and oxidative stress. Further deposition of Aβ in the brain induces oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and memory dysfunction. Hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.) leaf, a known traditional Chinese medicine, is commonly used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, heart palpitations, forgetfulness, and tinnitus, and its main bioactive components are Hawthorn Leaf Flavonoids (HLF). In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of the HLF on the Aβ25-35 (bilateral hippocampus injection) rat model of AD. The results showed that the oral administration of HLF at a dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg for 30 days significantly ameliorated neuronal cell damage and memory deficits, and markedly increased the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and the content of glutathione whereas it decreased the malondialdehyde content in the Aβ25-35 rat model of AD as well as suppressed the activation of astrocytes. In addition, HLF up-regulated Nrf-2, NQO-1, and HO-1 protein expressions. Also, it reduced neuroinflammation by inhibiting activation of astrocytes. In summary, these results indicated that HLF decreased the oxidative stress via activating Nrf-2/antioxidant response element signaling pathways, and may suggest as a potential candidate for AD therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Linjiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu People's Republic of China
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13
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Holubiec MI, Gellert M, Hanschmann EM. Redox signaling and metabolism in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1003721. [PMID: 36408110 PMCID: PMC9670316 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1003721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduction and oxidation reactions are essential for biochemical processes. They are part of metabolic pathways and signal transduction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as second messengers and oxidative modifications of cysteinyl (Cys) residues are key to transduce and translate intracellular and intercellular signals. Dysregulation of cellular redox signaling is known as oxidative distress, which has been linked to various pathologies, including neurodegeneration. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative pathology linked to both, abnormal amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing, generating Aβ peptide, and Tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation. Signs of oxidative distress in AD include: increase of ROS (H2O2, O2 •-), decrease of the levels or activities of antioxidant enzymes, abnormal oxidation of macromolecules related to elevated Aβ production, and changes in mitochondrial homeostasis linked to Tau phosphorylation. Interestingly, Cys residues present in APP form disulfide bonds that are important for intermolecular interactions and might be involved in the aggregation of Aβ. Moreover, two Cys residues in some Tau isoforms have been shown to be essential for Tau stabilization and its interaction with microtubules. Future research will show the complexities of Tau, its interactome, and the role that Cys residues play in the progression of AD. The specific modification of cysteinyl residues in redox signaling is also tightly connected to the regulation of various metabolic pathways. Many of these pathways have been found to be altered in AD, even at very early stages. In order to analyze the complex changes and underlying mechanisms, several AD models have been developed, including animal models, 2D and 3D cell culture, and ex-vivo studies of patient samples. The use of these models along with innovative, new redox analysis techniques are key to further understand the importance of the redox component in Alzheimer's disease and the identification of new therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. I. Holubiec
- IBioBA-MPSP Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. Gellert
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifwald, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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14
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Andersen JV, Schousboe A, Verkhratsky A. Astrocyte energy and neurotransmitter metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: integration of the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 217:102331. [PMID: 35872221 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes contribute to the complex cellular pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neurons and astrocytes function in close collaboration through neurotransmitter recycling, collectively known as the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle, which is essential to sustain neurotransmission. Neurotransmitter recycling is intimately linked to astrocyte energy metabolism. In the course of AD, astrocytes undergo extensive metabolic remodeling, which may profoundly affect the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle. The consequences of altered astrocyte function and metabolism in relation to neurotransmitter recycling are yet to be comprehended. Metabolic alterations of astrocytes in AD deprive neurons of metabolic support, thereby contributing to synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration. In addition, several astrocyte-specific components of the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle, including glutamine synthesis and synaptic neurotransmitter uptake, are perturbed in AD. Integration of the complex astrocyte biology within the context of AD is essential for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of the disease, while restoring astrocyte metabolism may serve as an approach to arrest or even revert clinical progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, 48011 Bilbao, Spain; Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-01102 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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15
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Sharma K, Verma R, Kumar D, Nepovimova E, Kuča K, Kumar A, Raghuvanshi D, Dhalaria R, Puri S. Ethnomedicinal plants used for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in Himachal Pradesh, India in Western Himalaya. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115318. [PMID: 35469830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal plants are considered as a healthcare resource and widely used by rural people in their traditional medicine system for curing neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases refer to incurable and debilitating conditions that result in progressive degeneration/death of nerve cells or neurons in the human brain. This review is mainly focused on the usage of different ethnomedicinal plants in the treatment of different neurodegenerative diseases in Himachal Pradesh. Study reveals total of 73 ethnomedicinal plants, which are used for treating different neurological disorders in different areas of Himachal Pradesh. The data is compiled from the different sources that described the detailed information of plants in tabular form and highlights the significance of different phytochemicals on neuroprotective function. The present study also provides the scientific data and clinical (in-vivo and in-vitro) studies in support of ethnomedicinal use. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to provide information of ethnomedicinal plants which are used for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in Himachal Pradesh. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on the use of ethnomedicinal plants to treat various neurological disorders has been gathered from a variety of sources, including various types of literature, books, and relevant publications in Google Scholar, Research Gate, Science Direct, Scopus, and Pub Med, among others. The collected data is tabulated, including the botanical names of plants, mode of use and the disease for which it is used for curing, etc. RESULTS: There are 73 ethnomedicinal plants that are used to cure various neurological disorders, with the most plants being used to treat epilepsy problem in Himachal Pradesh. CONCLUSION Numerous phytochemicals and extracts from diverse plants were found to have a protective effect against neurodegenerative diseases. Antioxidant activity is known to exist in a variety of herbal plants. The most common bioactive antioxidant chemicals having their significant impacts include flavonoids, flavones, coumarins, lignans, isoflavones, catechins, anthocyanins, and isocatechins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Sharma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, (H.P.), India.
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, (H.P.), India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, (H.P.), India.
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec, Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec, Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005, Hradec, Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, 249405, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Disha Raghuvanshi
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, (H.P.), India.
| | - Rajni Dhalaria
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, (H.P.), India.
| | - Sunil Puri
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, (H.P.), India.
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16
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Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent due to the aging of the global populations. Currently available treatment options, including acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, only have symptomatic effects and no drugs with disease-modifying properties are available. Research on the amyloid cascade indicates that amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance from the brain may be the main pathophysiological change in late-onset AD and the key driver of neurodegeneration, which ultimately results in progressive cognitive deterioration and dementia. Most new AD drug candidates target different aspects of Aβ clearance, eg, using passive anti-Aβ immunization, but so far, all efforts to develop more effective drugs have failed. In parallel, nonpharmacological prevention trials are being conducted to modify dementia risk associated with known epidemiological risk factors. Some initial results are promising, but replication across independent cohorts remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany; Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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17
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Wang X, Zhang T, Chen X, Xu Y, Li Z, Yang Y, Du X, Jiang Z, Ni H. Simultaneous Inhibitory Effects of All-Trans Astaxanthin on Acetylcholinesterase and Oxidative Stress. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040247. [PMID: 35447920 PMCID: PMC9032561 DOI: 10.3390/md20040247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer´s disease is a global neurodegenerative health concern. To prevent the disease, the simultaneous inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and oxidative stress is an efficient approach. In this study, the inhibition effect of all-trans astaxanthin mainly from marine organisms on acetylcholinesterase and oxidative stress was evaluated by a chemical-based method in vitro and cell assay model. The results show that all-trans astaxanthin was a reversible competitive inhibitor and exhibited a strong inhibition effect with half inhibitory concentration (IC50 value) of 8.64 μmol/L. Furthermore, all-trans astaxanthin inhibited oxidative stress through reducing malondialdehyde content and increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase as well as catalase. All-trans astaxanthin could induce the changes of the secondary structure to reduce acetylcholinesterase activity. Molecular-docking analysis reveals that all-trans astaxanthin prevented substrate from binding to acetylcholinesterase by occupying the space of the active pocket to cause the inhibition. Our finding suggests that all-trans astaxanthin might be a nutraceutical supplement for Alzheimer´s disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (X.W.); (T.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (Z.J.); (H.N.)
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (X.W.); (T.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (Z.J.); (H.N.)
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (X.W.); (T.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (Z.J.); (H.N.)
| | - Yating Xu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (X.W.); (T.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (Z.J.); (H.N.)
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (X.W.); (T.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (Z.J.); (H.N.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Systemic Utilization and In-Depth Processing of Economic Seaweed, Xiamen Southern Ocean Technology Center of China, Xiamen 361021, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (X.D.); Tel.: +86-13696920945 (X.D.)
| | - Yuanfan Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (X.W.); (T.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (Z.J.); (H.N.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Systemic Utilization and In-Depth Processing of Economic Seaweed, Xiamen Southern Ocean Technology Center of China, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiping Du
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (X.W.); (T.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (Z.J.); (H.N.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Systemic Utilization and In-Depth Processing of Economic Seaweed, Xiamen Southern Ocean Technology Center of China, Xiamen 361021, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (X.D.); Tel.: +86-13696920945 (X.D.)
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (X.W.); (T.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (Z.J.); (H.N.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Systemic Utilization and In-Depth Processing of Economic Seaweed, Xiamen Southern Ocean Technology Center of China, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (X.W.); (T.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (Z.J.); (H.N.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen 361021, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Systemic Utilization and In-Depth Processing of Economic Seaweed, Xiamen Southern Ocean Technology Center of China, Xiamen 361021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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18
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Bhat AH, Dar KB, Khan A, Alshahrani S, Alshehri SM, Ghoneim MM, Alam P, Shakeel F. Tricyclodecan-9-yl-Xanthogenate (D609): Mechanism of Action and Pharmacological Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063305. [PMID: 35328726 PMCID: PMC8954530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tricyclodecan-9-yl xanthogenate (D609) is a synthetic tricyclic compound possessing a xanthate group. This xanthogenate compound is known for its diverse pharmacological properties. Over the last three decades, many studies have reported the biological activities of D609, including antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anticholinergic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-proliferative, and neuroprotective activities. Its mechanism of action is extensively attributed to its ability to cause the competitive inhibition of phosphatidylcholine (PC)-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) and sphingomyelin synthase (SMS). The inhibition of PCPLC or SMS affects secondary messengers with a lipidic nature, i.e., 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) and ceramide. Various in vitro/in vivo studies suggest that PCPLC and SMS inhibition regulate the cell cycle, block cellular proliferation, and induce differentiation. D609 acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine antagonist and diminishes Aβ-stimulated toxicity. PCPLC enzymatic activity essentially requires Zn2+, and D609 might act as a potential chelator of Zn2+, thereby blocking PCPLC enzymatic activity. D609 also demonstrates promising results in reducing atherosclerotic plaque formation, post-stroke cerebral infarction, and cancer progression. The present compilation provides a comprehensive mechanistic insight into D609, including its chemistry, mechanism of action, and regulation of various pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashiq Hussain Bhat
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India; (A.H.B.); (K.B.D.)
| | - Khalid Bashir Dar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India; (A.H.B.); (K.B.D.)
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sultan M. Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (F.S.)
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Prawez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (F.S.)
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19
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Sanati M, Aminyavari S, Afshari AR, Sahebkar A. Mechanistic insight into the role of metformin in Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2022; 291:120299. [PMID: 34999113 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a type of dementia, is characterized by progressive memory decline and cognition impairment. Despite the considerable body of evidence regarding AD pathophysiology, current therapies merely slow down the disease progression, and a comprehensive therapeutic approach is unavailable. Accordingly, finding an efficient multifunctional remedy is necessary to blunt the increasing rate of AD incidence in the upcoming years. AD shares pathophysiological similarities (e.g., impairment of cognitive functions, insulin sensitivity, and brain glucose metabolism) with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), which offers the utilization of metformin, a biguanide hypoglycemic agent, as an alternative therapeutic approach in AD therapy. Emerging evidence has revealed the impact of metformin in patients suffering from AD. It has been described that metformin employs multiple mechanisms to improve cognition and memory impairment in pre-clinical AD models, including reduction of hippocampal amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) load, suppression of inflammation, amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, restriction of apoptotic neuronal death, and induction of neurogenesis. This review discusses the pre-clinical evidence, which may shed light on the role of metformin in AD and provide a more comprehensive mechanistic insight for future studies in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Samaneh Aminyavari
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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20
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Metabolic Features of Brain Function with Relevance to Clinical Features of Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030951. [PMID: 35164216 PMCID: PMC8839962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metabolism is comprised in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Since the brain primarily relies on metabolism of glucose, ketone bodies, and amino acids, aspects of these metabolic processes in these disorders—and particularly how these altered metabolic processes are related to oxidative and/or nitrosative stress and the resulting damaged targets—are reviewed in this paper. Greater understanding of the decreased functions in brain metabolism in AD and PD is posited to lead to potentially important therapeutic strategies to address both of these disorders, which cause relatively long-lasting decreased quality of life in patients.
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21
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Barone E, Di Domenico F, Perluigi M, Butterfield DA. The interplay among oxidative stress, brain insulin resistance and AMPK dysfunction contribute to neurodegeneration in type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:16-33. [PMID: 34530075 PMCID: PMC8595768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly followed by vascular dementia. In addition to clinically diagnosed dementia, cognitive dysfunction has been reported in diabetic patients. Recent studies are now beginning to recognize type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, as a risk factor for AD and other cognitive disorders. While studies on insulin action have remained traditionally in the domain of peripheral tissues, the detrimental effects of insulin resistance in the central nervous system on cognitive dysfunction are increasingly being reported in recent clinical and preclinical studies. Brain functions require continuous supply of glucose and oxygen and a tight regulation of metabolic processes. Loss of this metabolic regulation has been proposed to be a contributor to memory dysfunction associated with neurodegeneration. Within the above scenario, this review will focus on the interplay among oxidative stress (OS), insulin resistance and AMPK dysfunctions in the brain by highlighting how these neurotoxic events contribute to neurodegeneration. We provide an overview on the detrimental effects of OS on proteins regulating insulin signaling and how these alterations impact cell metabolic dysfunctions through AMPK dysregulation. Such processes, we assert, are critically involved in the molecular pathways that underlie AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0055, USA.
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Lashley T, Tossounian MA, Costello Heaven N, Wallworth S, Peak-Chew S, Bradshaw A, Cooper JM, de Silva R, Srai SK, Malanchuk O, Filonenko V, Koopman MB, Rüdiger SGD, Skehel M, Gout I. Extensive Anti-CoA Immunostaining in Alzheimer's Disease and Covalent Modification of Tau by a Key Cellular Metabolite Coenzyme A. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:739425. [PMID: 34720880 PMCID: PMC8554225 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.739425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, accounting for at least two-thirds of dementia cases. A combination of genetic, epigenetic and environmental triggers is widely accepted to be responsible for the onset and development of AD. Accumulating evidence shows that oxidative stress and dysregulation of energy metabolism play an important role in AD pathogenesis, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death. Redox-induced protein modifications have been reported in the brain of AD patients, indicating excessive oxidative damage. Coenzyme A (CoA) is essential for diverse metabolic pathways, regulation of gene expression and biosynthesis of neurotransmitters. Dysregulation of CoA biosynthesis in animal models and inborn mutations in human genes involved in the CoA biosynthetic pathway have been associated with neurodegeneration. Recent studies have uncovered the antioxidant function of CoA, involving covalent protein modification by this cofactor (CoAlation) in cellular response to oxidative or metabolic stress. Protein CoAlation has been shown to both modulate the activity of modified proteins and protect cysteine residues from irreversible overoxidation. In this study, immunohistochemistry analysis with highly specific anti-CoA monoclonal antibody was used to reveal protein CoAlation across numerous neurodegenerative diseases, which appeared particularly frequent in AD. Furthermore, protein CoAlation consistently co-localized with tau-positive neurofibrillary tangles, underpinning one of the key pathological hallmarks of AD. Double immunihistochemical staining with tau and CoA antibodies in AD brain tissue revealed co-localization of the two immunoreactive signals. Further, recombinant 2N3R and 2N4R tau isoforms were found to be CoAlated in vitro and the site of CoAlation mapped by mass spectrometry to conserved cysteine 322, located in the microtubule binding region. We also report the reversible H2O2-induced dimerization of recombinant 2N3R, which is inhibited by CoAlation. Moreover, CoAlation of transiently expressed 2N4R tau was observed in diamide-treated HEK293/Pank1β cells. Taken together, this study demonstrates for the first time extensive anti-CoA immunoreactivity in AD brain samples, which occurs in structures resembling neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads. Covalent modification of recombinant tau at cysteine 322 suggests that CoAlation may play an important role in protecting redox-sensitive tau cysteine from irreversible overoxidation and may modulate its acetyltransferase activity and functional interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria-Armineh Tossounian
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neve Costello Heaven
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Wallworth
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sew Peak-Chew
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Bradshaw
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Faculty of Brain Sciences, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - J. Mark Cooper
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Faculty of Brain Sciences, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rohan de Silva
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Surjit Kaila Srai
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oksana Malanchuk
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Valeriy Filonenko
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Margreet B. Koopman
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Science for Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stefan G. D. Rüdiger
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Science for Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mark Skehel
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Gout
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Huang P, He XY, Xu M. Dengzhan shengmai capsule combined with donepezil hydrochloride in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: preliminary findings, randomized and controlled clinical trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 67:190-194. [PMID: 34287475 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.67.02.20200378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of Dengzhan Shengmai capsule combined with donepezil hydrochloride on cognitive function, daily living ability, and safety in patients with Alzheimer's disease. METHODS A total of 294 patients with Alzheimer's disease were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, 147 cases each group. The control group was given oral donepezil hydrochloride 5 mg once a day, and the treatment group was given oral Dengzhan Shengmai capsule 0.36 g three times a day, based on the control group. RESULTS At 3 and 6 months of treatment, the ADAS-cog score of the treatment group was 48.69±6.23 and 44.24±5.53; for the control group, 45.48±5.94 and 41.57±5.10. The difference between the two groups is statistically significant (p<0.05). At 3 and 6 months of treatment, the NO level in the treatment group was (46.28±6.68) umol/l, (43.55±7.92) umol/l, and the control group was (42.95±7.92) umol/l, (38.89±5.93) umol/l. The differences between both groups were statistically significant (p<0.05). At 3 and 6 months of treatment, ET levels in the treatment group were (156.08±17.39) ng/l, (144.91±17.60) ng/l, and the control group was (150.48±22.94) ng/l, (135.04±10.08) ng/l. Correlation analysis showed that ADAS-cog score was negatively correlated with NO and ET (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Dengzhan Shengmai capsule combined with donepezil hydrochloride can improve cognitive function and the living capacity of patients with Alzheimer's disease, reduce the production of neurotoxic substances NO and ET, and provide higher safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Huang
- People1s Hospital of DeYang City, Department of Neurology - DeYang, China
| | - Xiao-Ying He
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Department of Neurology - Luzhou, China
| | - Min Xu
- The second People's Hospital of DeYang City, Department of Neurology - DeYang, China
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Vignon A, Salvador-Prince L, Lehmann S, Perrier V, Torrent J. Deconstructing Alzheimer's Disease: How to Bridge the Gap between Experimental Models and the Human Pathology? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8769. [PMID: 34445475 PMCID: PMC8395727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovered more than a century ago, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not only still present in our societies but has also become the most common dementia, with 50 million people worldwide affected by the disease. This number is expected to double in the next generation, and no cure is currently available to slow down or stop the disease progression. Recently, some advances were made due to the approval of the aducanumab treatment by the American Food and Drug Administration. The etiology of this human-specific disease remains poorly understood, and the mechanisms of its development have not been completely clarified. Several hypotheses concerning the molecular mechanisms of AD have been proposed, but the existing studies focus primarily on the two main markers of the disease: the amyloid β peptides, whose aggregation in the brain generates amyloid plaques, and the abnormally phosphorylated tau proteins, which are responsible for neurofibrillary tangles. These protein aggregates induce neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, which, in turn, lead to cognitive and behavioral deficits. The challenge is, therefore, to create models that best reproduce this pathology. This review aims at gathering the different existing AD models developed in vitro, in cellulo, and in vivo. Many models have already been set up, but it is necessary to identify the most relevant ones for our investigations. The purpose of the review is to help researchers to identify the most pertinent disease models, from the most often used to the most recently generated and from simple to complex, explaining their specificities and giving concrete examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Vignon
- INM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (A.V.); (L.S.-P.)
| | - Lucie Salvador-Prince
- INM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (A.V.); (L.S.-P.)
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- INM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France;
| | - Véronique Perrier
- INM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Joan Torrent
- INM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (A.V.); (L.S.-P.)
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Hammouda MM, Metwally HM, Fekri A, Van der Eycken J. Synthesis and Molecular Modeling Studies on Novel C2 Alkylated Benzoazonine Scaffold and Corresponding 2-Pyrazoline Derivatives as Acetylcholinestrase Enzyme Inhibitors. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2019.1666888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Hammouda
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Heba M. Metwally
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Fekri
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Johan Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic and Bioorganic Synthesis, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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Du F, Yu Q, Yan SS. PINK1 Activation Attenuates Impaired Neuronal-Like Differentiation and Synaptogenesis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease Trans-Mitochondrial Cybrid Cells. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:1749-1761. [PMID: 33998543 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction, bioenergetic deficit, and extensive oxidative stress underlie neuronal perturbation during the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously, we demonstrated that decreased PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) expression is associated with AD pathology in AD-affected human brains and AD mice. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we highlight the essential role of PINK1 in AD-relevant mitochondrial perturbation and neuronal malfunction. METHODS Using trans-mitochondrial "cybrid" (cytoplasmic hybrid) neuronal cells, whose mitochondria are transferred from platelets of patients with sporadic AD, we observed the effect of PINK1 in neuronal-like differentiation and synaptogenesis and mitochondrial functions. RESULTS In AD cybrid cells, the downregulation of PINK1 is correlated to the alterations in mitochondrial morphology and function and deficit in neuronal-like differentiation. Restoring/increasing PINK1 by lentivirus transduction of PINK1 robustly attenuates mitochondrial defects and rescues neurite-like outgrowth. Importantly, defective PINK1 kinase activity fails to reverse these detrimental effects. Mechanistically, AD cybrid cells reveal a significant decrease in PINK1-dependent phosphorylated mitofusin (Mfn) 2, a key mitochondrial membrane protein that participates in mitochondrial fusion, and an insufficient autophagic activity for the clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria. Overexpression of PINK1, but not mutant PINK1 elevates phosphorylation of Mfn2 and autophagy signaling LC3-II. Accordingly, PINK1-overexpressed AD cybrids exhibit increases in mitochondrial length and density and suppressed reactive oxygen species. These results imply that activation of PINK1 protects against AD-affected mitochondrial dysfunction and impairment in neuronal maturation and differentiation. CONCLUSION PINK1-mediated mitophagy is important for maintaining mitochondrial health by clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria and therefore, improves energy homeostasis in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Du
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University New York, NY, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University New York, NY, USA
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27
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Tangrodchanapong T, Sornkaew N, Yurasakpong L, Niamnont N, Nantasenamat C, Sobhon P, Meemon K. Beneficial Effects of Cyclic Ether 2-Butoxytetrahydrofuran from Sea Cucumber Holothuria scabra against Aβ Aggregate Toxicity in Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans and Potential Chemical Interaction. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082195. [PMID: 33920352 PMCID: PMC8070609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological finding of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates is thought to be a leading cause of untreated Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we isolated 2-butoxytetrahydrofuran (2-BTHF), a small cyclic ether, from Holothuria scabra and demonstrated its therapeutic potential against AD through the attenuation of Aβ aggregation in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model. Our results revealed that amongst the five H. scabra isolated compounds, 2-BTHF was shown to be the most effective in suppressing worm paralysis caused by Aβ toxicity and in expressing strong neuroprotection in CL4176 and CL2355 strains, respectively. An immunoblot analysis showed that CL4176 and CL2006 treated with 2-BTHF showed no effect on the level of Aβ monomers but significantly reduced the toxic oligomeric form and the amount of 1,4-bis(3-carboxy-hydroxy-phenylethenyl)-benzene (X-34)-positive fibril deposits. This concurrently occurred with a reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the treated CL4176 worms. Mechanistically, heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1) (at residues histidine 63 (HIS63) and glutamine 72 (GLN72)) was shown to be 2-BTHF’s potential target that might contribute to an increased expression of autophagy-related genes required for the breakdown of the Aβ aggregate, thus attenuating its toxicity. In conclusion, 2-BTHF from H. scabra could protect C. elegans from Aβ toxicity by suppressing its aggregation via an HSF-1-regulated autophagic pathway and has been implicated as a potential drug for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taweesak Tangrodchanapong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.T.); (L.Y.); (P.S.)
| | - Nilubon Sornkaew
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; (N.S.); (N.N.)
| | - Laphatrada Yurasakpong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.T.); (L.Y.); (P.S.)
| | - Nakorn Niamnont
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; (N.S.); (N.N.)
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand;
| | - Prasert Sobhon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.T.); (L.Y.); (P.S.)
| | - Krai Meemon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.T.); (L.Y.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +66-22-015-407
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Tzekaki EE, Tsolaki M, Pantazaki ΑA, Geromichalos G, Lazarou E, Kozori M, Sinakos Z. The pleiotropic beneficial intervention of olive oil intake on the Alzheimer's disease onset via fibrinolytic system. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111344. [PMID: 33836262 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The daily consumption of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) in Mediterranean nutrition is tightly associated with lower frequency of many diseases' appearance, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Fibrinolytic system is already assumed to be involved in AD pathophysiology through various factors, especially plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a2-antiplasmin (α2ΑP) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). We, here, present a biochemical study, as a continuation of a clinical trial of a cohort of 84 participants, focusing on the pleiotropic effect of the annual EVOO consumption on the fibrinolytic factors of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) patients. The levels of all these fibrinolytic factors, measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method, were reduced in the serum of MCI patients annually administered with EVOO, versus not treated MCI patients, as well as AD patients. The well-established AD hallmarks (Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 species, tau, and p-tau) of MCI patients' group, annually administered with EVOO, were restored to levels equal to those of the cognitively-healthy group; in contrast to those patients not being administered, and their AD hallmarks levels increased at the end of the year. Moreover, one of the EVOO annual consumption multimodal effects on the MCI patients focused on the levels of an oxidative stress trademark, malondialdehyde (MDA), which displayed also a visible quenching; On the other hand, an increase exhibited in the MCI patients not consuming EVOO one year after, was attributed to the lack of the EVOO anti-oxidative properties. These outcomes are exploitable towards the establishment of natural products like EVOO, as a preventive remedy fighting this neurodegenerative disorder, AD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03362996 MICOIL gov Identifier: NCT03362996.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena E Tzekaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1(st) Department of Neurology, Medical School, "AHEPA" General Hospital Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Sciences, 54124 Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece; Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders - GAADRD, Greece.
| | - Αnastasia A Pantazaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece.
| | - George Geromichalos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | - Eftychia Lazarou
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders - GAADRD, Greece
| | - Mahi Kozori
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders - GAADRD, Greece
| | - Zacharias Sinakos
- Emeritus Professor of Hematology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Sciences, Greece
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Vidal C, Zhang L. An Analysis of the Neurological and Molecular Alterations Underlying the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030546. [PMID: 33806317 PMCID: PMC7998384 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal loss. Unfortunately, despite decades of studies being performed on these histological alterations, there is no effective treatment or cure for AD. Identifying the molecular characteristics of the disease is imperative to understanding the pathogenesis of AD. Furthermore, uncovering the key causative alterations of AD can be valuable in developing models for AD treatment. Several alterations have been implicated in driving this disease, including blood–brain barrier dysfunction, hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, glucose hypometabolism, and altered heme homeostasis. Although these alterations have all been associated with the progression of AD, the root cause of AD has not been identified. Intriguingly, recent studies have pinpointed dysfunctional heme metabolism as a culprit of the development of AD. Heme has been shown to be central in neuronal function, mitochondrial respiration, and oxidative stress. Therefore, dysregulation of heme homeostasis may play a pivotal role in the manifestation of AD and its various alterations. This review will discuss the most common neurological and molecular alterations associated with AD and point out the critical role heme plays in the development of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-972-883-5757
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30
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Tao W, Yu L, Shu S, Liu Y, Zhuang Z, Xu S, Bao X, Gu Y, Cai F, Song W, Xu Y, Zhu X. miR-204-3p/Nox4 Mediates Memory Deficits in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Ther 2021; 29:396-408. [PMID: 32950103 PMCID: PMC7791017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder leading to dementia in the elderly, and the mechanisms of AD are not fully defined. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to contribute to memory deficits in AD. In this study, we identified that miR-204-3p was downregulated in the hippocampus and plasma of 6-month-old APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice. miR-204-3p overexpression attenuated memory and synaptic deficits in APP/PS1 mice. The amyloid levels and oxidative stress were decreased in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice after miR-204-3p overexpression. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 4 (Nox4) was a target of miR-204-3p, and Nox4 inhibition by GLX351322 protected neuronal cells against Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity. Furthermore, GLX351322 treatment rescued synaptic and memory deficits, and decreased oxidative stress and amyloid levels in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. These results revealed that miR-204-3p attenuated memory deficits and oxidative stress in APP/PS1 mice by targeting Nox4, and miR-204-3p overexpression and/or Nox4 inhibition might be a potential therapeutic strategy for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Tao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Linjie Yu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Shu Shu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Zi Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Siyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Xinyu Bao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Fang Cai
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Weihong Song
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China.
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China.
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Yin Z, Wang X, Zheng S, Cao P, Chen Y, Yu M, Liao C, Zhang Z, Han J, Duan Y, Yang X, Zhang S. LongShengZhi Capsule Attenuates Alzheimer-Like Pathology in APP/PS1 Double Transgenic Mice by Reducing Neuronal Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:582455. [PMID: 33328962 PMCID: PMC7719723 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.582455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. It may be caused by oxidative stress, inflammation, and cerebrovascular dysfunctions in the brain. LongShengZhi Capsule (LSZ), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been approved by the China Food and Drug Administration for treatment of patients with cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease. LSZ contains several neuroprotective ingredients, including Hirudo, Astmgali Radix, Carthami Flos (Honghua), Persicae Semen (Taoren), Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (Shichangpu), and Acanthopanax Senticosus (Ciwujia). In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of LSZ on the AD process. Double transgenic mice expressing the amyloid-β precursor protein and mutant human presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) to model AD were treated with LSZ for 7 months starting at 2 months of age. LSZ significantly improved the cognition of the mice without adverse effects, indicating its high degree of safety and efficacy after a long-term treatment. LSZ reduced AD biomarker Aβ plaque accumulation by inhibiting β-secretase and γ-secretase gene expression. LSZ also reduced p-Tau expression, cell death, and inflammation in the brain. Consistently, in vitro, LSZ ethanol extract enhanced neuronal viability by reducing L-glutamic acid-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in HT-22 cells. LSZ exerted antioxidative effects by enhancing superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase expression, reduced Aβ accumulation by inhibiting β-secretase and γ-secretase mRNA expression, and decreased p-Tau level by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammation. It also demonstrated neuroprotective effects by regulating the Fas cell surface death receptor/B-cell lymphoma 2/p53 pathway. Taken together, our study demonstrates the antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects of LSZ in the AD-like pathological process and suggests it could be a potential medicine for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequn Yin
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xuerui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Shihong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Peichang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Maoyun Yu
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China
| | - Chenzhong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | | | - Jihong Han
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
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Linghui D, Shi Q, Chi C, Xiaolei L, Lixing Z, Zhiliang Z, Birong D. The Association Between Leukocyte Telomere Length and Cognitive Performance Among the American Elderly. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:527658. [PMID: 33192450 PMCID: PMC7661855 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.527658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related cognitive decline begins in middle age and persists with age. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) decreases with age and is enhanced by inflammation and oxidative stress. However, whether shorter LTL correlates with cognitive decline remains controversial. Aims We aimed to investigate the relationship between LTL and cognitive decline in the American elderly. Methods We used data from the 1999 to 2002 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We included participants aged 65–80 with available data on LTL and cognitive assessments. The cognitive function assessment used the digit symbol substitution test (DSST). We applied multivariate modeling to estimate the association between LTL and cognitive performance. Additionally, to ensure robust data analysis, we converted LTL into categorical variables through quartile and then calculated the P for trend. Results After adjusting for age, cardiovascular disease (CAD) score, gender, race, body mass index (BMI), and educational level, LTL showed a positive correlation with DSST score (odds ratio [OR] 3.47 [0.14, 6.79], P = 0.04). Additionally, to further quantify the LTL–DSST interaction, we found a similar trend when LTL was regarded as a categorical variable (quartile) (P for trend = 0.03). Conclusion LTL was associated with cognitive capabilities among the elderly, implying that LTL might be a biomarker of cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Linghui
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu Shi
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Chi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Liu Xiaolei
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Lixing
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zuo Zhiliang
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Birong
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Abate G, Vezzoli M, Sandri M, Rungratanawanich W, Memo M, Uberti D. Mitochondria and cellular redox state on the route from ageing to Alzheimer's disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111385. [PMID: 33129798 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several theories have been postulated, trying to explain why and how living organisms age. Despite some controversies and still huge open questions, a growing body of evidence suggest alterations of mitochondrial functionality and redox-homeostasis occur during the ageing process. Oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction do not represent the cause of ageing per se but they have to be analyzed within the complexity of those series of processes occurring during lifespan. The establishment of a crosstalk among them is a shared common feature of many chronic age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, for which ageing is a major risk factor. The challenge is to understand when and how the interplay between these two systems move towards from normal ageing process to a pathological phenotype. Here in this review, we discuss the crosstalk between mitochondria and cytosolic-ROS. Furthermore, through a visual data mining approach, we attempt to describe the dynamic interplay between mitochondria and cellular redox state on the route from ageing to an AD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Abate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy.
| | - M Vezzoli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - M Sandri
- Big & Open Data Innovation Laboratory (BODaI-Lab), Department of Economics and Management, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - W Rungratanawanich
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - M Memo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - D Uberti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy; Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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Bonfili L, Cecarini V, Gogoi O, Gong C, Cuccioloni M, Angeletti M, Rossi G, Eleuteri AM. Microbiota modulation as preventative and therapeutic approach in Alzheimer's disease. FEBS J 2020; 288:2836-2855. [PMID: 32969566 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota coevolves with its host, and numerous factors like diet, lifestyle, drug intake and geographical location continuously modify its composition, deeply influencing host health. Recent studies demonstrated that gut dysbiosis can alter normal brain function through the so-called gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication network between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract, thus playing a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this perspective, in the constant search for novel treatments in AD, the rational modulation of gut microbiota composition could represent a promising approach to prevent or delay AD onset or to counteract its progression. Preclinical and human studies on microbiota modulation through oral bacteriotherapy and faecal transplantation showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, upregulation of plasma concentration of neuroprotective hormones, restoration of impaired proteolytic pathways, amelioration of energy homeostasis with consequent decrease of AD molecular hallmarks and improvement of behavioural and cognitive performances. In this review, we dissect the role of gut microbiota in AD and highlight recent advances in the development of new multitarget strategies for microbiota modulation to be used as possible preventative and therapeutic approaches in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bonfili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Valentina Cecarini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Olee Gogoi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Chunmei Gong
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Angeletti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Eleuteri
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Flavonoids as BACE1 inhibitors: QSAR modelling, screening and in vitro evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1323-1330. [PMID: 33010267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by the presence of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, oxidatively damaged neuronal macromolecules and redox sensitive ions. Reduction of amyloid plaques and oxidative stress emerge as a convincing treatment strategy. Plaque reduction is achieved by inhibition of BACE1, the rate limiting enzyme generating the prime constituent of plaques, Aβ, through proteolysis of the amyloid precursor protein. Here, we report a QSAR model with five descriptors, developed to screen natural compounds as potent BACE1 inhibitors. Seven compounds out of which five flavonols namely isorhamnetin, syringetin, galangin, tamarixetin, rhamnetin and two flavanonols namely dihydromyricetin, taxifolin were screened. The ability of these compounds were validated using the BACE1 activity assay. The antioxidant property were estimated by the DPPH and ABTS assay. Although inhibition assay implied syringetin to be a promising BACE1 inhibitor, its poor antioxidant activity leaves it less effective as a multitarget ligand. Exhibiting moderate dual ability, isorhamnetin and taxifolin qualified as multi-target scaffolds for AD therapeutics. Our study reveals the importance of 4'-OH in the B ring of flavonols and the lack of any effect of 5'-OH in flavanonols for BACE1 inhibition. In case of antioxidant activity favourable association of 3'-O-methylation derivatives was observed in flavonols.
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Tangrodchanapong T, Sobhon P, Meemon K. Frondoside A Attenuates Amyloid-β Proteotoxicity in Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans by Suppressing Its Formation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:553579. [PMID: 33013392 PMCID: PMC7513805 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.553579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligomeric assembly of Amyloid-β (Aβ) is the main toxic species that contribute to early cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s patients. Therefore, drugs that reduce the formation of Aβ oligomers could halt the disease progression. In this study, by using transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model of Alzheimer’s disease, we investigated the effects of frondoside A, a well-known sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa saponin with anti-cancer activity, on Aβ aggregation and proteotoxicity. The results showed that frondoside A at a low concentration of 1 µM significantly delayed the worm paralysis caused by Aβ aggregation as compared with control group. In addition, the number of Aβ plaque deposits in transgenic worm tissues was significantly decreased. Frondoside A was more effective in these activities than ginsenoside-Rg3, a comparable ginseng saponin. Immunoblot analysis revealed that the level of small oligomers as well as various high molecular weights of Aβ species in the transgenic C. elegans were significantly reduced upon treatment with frondoside A, whereas the level of Aβ monomers was not altered. This suggested that frondoside A may primarily reduce the level of small oligomeric forms, the most toxic species of Aβ. Frondoside A also protected the worms from oxidative stress and rescued chemotaxis dysfunction in a transgenic strain whose neurons express Aβ. Taken together, these data suggested that low dose of frondoside A could protect against Aβ-induced toxicity by primarily suppressing the formation of Aβ oligomers. Thus, the molecular mechanism of how frondoside A exerts its anti-Aβ aggregation should be studied and elucidated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prasert Sobhon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Krai Meemon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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The BACH1/Nrf2 Axis in Brain in Down Syndrome and Transition to Alzheimer Disease-Like Neuropathology and Dementia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090779. [PMID: 32839417 PMCID: PMC7554729 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability that is associated with an increased risk to develop early-onset Alzheimer-like dementia (AD). The brain neuropathological features include alteration of redox homeostasis, mitochondrial deficits, inflammation, accumulation of both amyloid beta-peptide oligomers and senile plaques, as well as aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau protein-containing neurofibrillary tangles, among others. It is worth mentioning that some of the triplicated genes encoded are likely to cause increased oxidative stress (OS) conditions that are also associated with reduced cellular responses. Published studies from our laboratories propose that increased oxidative damage occurs early in life in DS population and contributes to age-dependent neurodegeneration. This is the result of damaged, oxidized proteins that belong to degradative systems, antioxidant defense system, neuronal trafficking. and energy metabolism. This review focuses on a key element that regulates redox homeostasis, the transcription factor Nrf2, which is negatively regulated by BACH1, encoded on chromosome 21. The role of the Nrf2/BACH1 axis in DS is under investigation, and the effects of triplicated BACH1 on the transcriptional regulation of Nrf2 are still unknown. In this review, we discuss the physiological relevance of BACH1/Nrf2 signaling in the brain and how the dysfunction of this system affects the redox homeostasis in DS neurons and how this axis may contribute to the transition of DS into DS with AD neuropathology and dementia. Further, some of the evidence collected in AD regarding the potential contribution of BACH1 to neurodegeneration in DS are also discussed.
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38
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Ledezma C, Coria-Lucero C, Delsouc MB, Casais M, Della Vedova C, Ramirez D, Devia CM, Delgado SM, Navigatore-Fonzo L, Anzulovich AC. Effect of an Intracerebroventricular Injection of Aggregated Beta-amyloid (1-42) on Daily Rhythms of Oxidative Stress Parameters in the Prefrontal Cortex. Neuroscience 2020; 458:99-107. [PMID: 32827572 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of amyloid peptides in the brain plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aggregated beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide increases intracellular reactive oxygen species associated to a deficient antioxidant defense system. Prefrontal cortex plays a key role in memory and learning and is especially susceptible to oxidative stress. The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of Aβ (1-42) on 24 h patterns of oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant defenses in the rat prefrontal cortex. Four-month-old male Holtzman rats were divided into two groups defined as: control (CO) and Aβ-injected (Aβ). Rats were maintained under12 h-light:12 h-dark conditions and received water and food ad libitum. Tissues samples were isolated every 6 h during a 24 h period. Interestingly, we found that an i.c.v. injection of Aβ(1-42) increased lipid peroxidation, reduced total antioxidant capacity level, phase-shifted the daily peak of reduced glutathione, and had a differential effect on the oscillating catalase and glutathione peroxidase specific activity. Thus, elevated levels of Aβ aggregates-a pathogenic hallmark of AD, caused altered temporal patterns of the cellular redox state in prefrontal cortex rat. These findings might contribute, at least in part, to the understanding of the molecular and biochemical basis of redox changes caused by circadian rhythms alterations observed in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Ledezma
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), CONICET, Ejército de Los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW San Luis, Argentina
| | - Cinthia Coria-Lucero
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), CONICET, Ejército de Los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW San Luis, Argentina
| | - María Belén Delsouc
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), CONICET, Ejército de Los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW San Luis, Argentina
| | - Marilina Casais
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), CONICET, Ejército de Los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW San Luis, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Della Vedova
- Instituto de Química de San Luis (INQUISAL), CONICET, Ejército de Los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW San Luis, Argentina
| | - Darío Ramirez
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental & Traduccional (LME&T), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), CONICET, Ejército de Los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW San Luis, Argentina
| | - Cristina Mabel Devia
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), CONICET, Ejército de Los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW San Luis, Argentina
| | - Silvia Marcela Delgado
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), CONICET, Ejército de Los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW San Luis, Argentina.
| | - Lorena Navigatore-Fonzo
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), CONICET, Ejército de Los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW San Luis, Argentina.
| | - Ana Cecilia Anzulovich
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), CONICET, Ejército de Los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW San Luis, Argentina.
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Multiple Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) Reactivations Induce Protein Oxidative Damage in Mouse Brain: Novel Mechanisms for Alzheimer's Disease Progression. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8070972. [PMID: 32610629 PMCID: PMC7409037 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8070972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence supports the role of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Interestingly, Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), a neurotropic virus that establishes a lifelong latent infection in the trigeminal ganglion followed by periodic reactivations, has been reportedly linked both to AD and to oxidative stress conditions. Herein, we analyzed, through biochemical and redox proteomic approaches, the mouse model of recurrent HSV-1 infection we previously set up, to investigate whether multiple virus reactivations induced oxidative stress in the mouse brain and affected protein function and related intracellular pathways. Following multiple HSV-1 reactivations, we found in mouse brains increased levels of oxidative stress hallmarks, including 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), and 13 HNE-modified proteins whose levels were found significantly altered in the cortex of HSV-1-infected mice compared to controls. We focused on two proteins previously linked to AD pathogenesis, i.e., glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and collapsin response-mediated protein 2 (CRMP2), which are involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR) and in microtubule stabilization, respectively. We found that recurrent HSV-1 infection disables GRP78 function and activates the UPR, whereas it prevents CRMP2 function in mouse brains. Overall, these data suggest that repeated HSV-1 reactivation into the brain may contribute to neurodegeneration also through oxidative damage.
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A Novel Compound YS-5-23 Exhibits Neuroprotective Effect by Reducing β-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1's Expression and H 2O 2-Induced Cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2113-2127. [PMID: 32556702 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The abnormally accumulated amyloid-β (Aβ) and oxidative stress contribute to the initiation and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is the rate-limiting enzyme for the production of Aβ. Furthermore, Aβ was reported to increase oxidative stress; then the overproduced oxidative stress continues to increase the expression and activity of BACE1. Consequently, inhibition of both BACE1 and oxidative stress is a better strategy for AD therapy compared with those one-target treatment methods. In the present study, our novel small molecule YS-5-23 was proved to possess both of the activities. Specifically, we found that YS-5-23 reduces BACE1's expression in both SH-SY5Y and Swedish mutated amyloid precursor protein (APP) overexpressed HEK293 cells, and it can also suppress BACE1's expression induced by H2O2. Moreover, YS-5-23 decreases H2O2-induced cytotoxicity including alleviating H2O2-induced apoptosis and loss of mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) because it attenuates the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level elevated by H2O2. Meanwhile, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in the anti-H2O2 and BACE1 inhibition effect of YS-5-23. Our findings indicate that YS-5-23 may develop as a drug candidate in the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Ojo JO, Crynen G, Algamal M, Vallabhaneni P, Leary P, Mouzon B, Reed JM, Mullan M, Crawford F. Unbiased Proteomic Approach Identifies Pathobiological Profiles in the Brains of Preclinical Models of Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Tauopathy, and Amyloidosis. ASN Neuro 2020; 12:1759091420914768. [PMID: 32241177 PMCID: PMC7132820 DOI: 10.1177/1759091420914768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
No concerted investigation has been conducted to explore overlapping and distinct
pathobiological mechanisms between repetitive mild traumatic brain injury
(r-mTBI) and tau/amyloid proteinopathies considering the long history of
association between TBI and Alzheimer’s disease. We address this problem by
using unbiased proteomic approaches to generate detailed time-dependent brain
molecular profiles of response to repetitive mTBI in C57BL/6 mice and in mouse
models of amyloidosis (with amyloid precursor protein KM670/671NL (Swedish) and
Presenilin 1 M146L mutations [PSAPP]) and tauopathy (hTau). Brain tissues from
animals were collected at different timepoints after injuries (24 hr–12 months
post-injury) and at different ages for tau or amyloid transgenic models (3, 9,
and 15 months old), encompassing the pre-, peri-, and post-“onset” of cognitive
and pathological phenotypes. We identified 30 hippocampal and 47 cortical
proteins that were significantly modulated over time in the r-mTBI compared with
sham mice. These proteins identified TBI-dependent modulation of
phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT signaling, protein kinase A signaling, and
PPARα/RXRα activation in the hippocampus and protein kinase A signaling,
gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling, and B cell receptor signaling in the
cortex. Previously published neuropathological studies of our mTBI model showed
a lack of amyloid and tau pathology. In PSAPP mice, we identified 19 proteins
significantly changing in the cortex and only 7 proteins in hTau mice versus
wild-type littermates. When we explored the overlap between our r-mTBI model and
the PSAPP/hTau models, a fairly small coincidental change was observed involving
only eight significantly regulated proteins. This work suggests a very distinct
TBI neurodegeneration and also that other factors are needed to drive
pathologies such as amyloidosis and tauopathy postinjury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O Ojo
- Experimental Neuropathology and Proteomic Laboratory, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Gogce Crynen
- Experimental Neuropathology and Proteomic Laboratory, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Moustafa Algamal
- Experimental Neuropathology and Proteomic Laboratory, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Prashanti Vallabhaneni
- Experimental Neuropathology and Proteomic Laboratory, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, United States
| | - Paige Leary
- Experimental Neuropathology and Proteomic Laboratory, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, United States
| | - Benoit Mouzon
- Experimental Neuropathology and Proteomic Laboratory, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Jon M Reed
- Experimental Neuropathology and Proteomic Laboratory, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, United States.,Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States
| | - Michael Mullan
- Experimental Neuropathology and Proteomic Laboratory, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Experimental Neuropathology and Proteomic Laboratory, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States.,School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
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42
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Glutamine Supplementation Prevents Chronic Stress-Induced Mild Cognitive Impairment. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040910. [PMID: 32224923 PMCID: PMC7230523 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that glutamine (Gln) supplementation protected glutamatergic neurotransmission from the harmful effects of chronic stress. Altered glutamatergic neurotransmission is one of the main causes of cognitive disorders. However, the cognitive enhancer function of Gln has not been clearly demonstrated thus far. Here, we evaluated whether and how Gln supplementation actually affects chronic stress-induced cognitive impairment. Using a chronic immobilization stress (CIS) mouse model, we confirmed that chronic stress induced mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and neuronal damage in the hippocampus. In contrast, Gln-supplemented mice did not show evidence of MCI. To investigate possible underlying mechanisms, we confirmed that CIS increased plasma corticosterone levels as well as brain and plasma levels of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. CIS also increased levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and NADPH oxidase subunits (p47phox and p67phox) in both the prefrontal cortex and CA1 region of the hippocampus. CIS decreased the number of synaptic puncta in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, but these effects were inhibited by Gln supplementation. Taken together, the present results suggest that Gln is an effective agent against chronic stress-induced MCI.
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43
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Activation of Tyrosine Phosphorylation Signaling in Erythrocytes of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Neuroscience 2020; 433:36-41. [PMID: 32156551 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia affecting older people. The identification of biomarkers is increasingly important and would be crucial for future therapy. Here, we demonstrated that in AD erythrocytes: (i) the anion transporter band3 is highly phosphorylated; (ii) the lyn kinase is phosphorylated and activated; (iii) the tyrosine phosphatase activity is downregulated, with a significant inverse correlation between band3 phosphorylation and disease progression, as revealed by Mini Mental State Examination score. Finally, we showed that in normal erythrocytes, treated in vitro with Aβ1-42 peptide, both band3 phosphorylation and lyn activation occurs. These results suggest that modulation of tyrosine phosphorylation signaling may be evaluated as a potential peripheral marker in AD.
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44
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Butterfield DA, Boyd-Kimball D. Redox proteomics and amyloid β-peptide: insights into Alzheimer disease. J Neurochem 2019; 151:459-487. [PMID: 30216447 PMCID: PMC6417976 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging and characterized pathologically by the presence of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neurite and synapse loss. Amyloid beta-peptide (1-42) [Aβ(1-42)], a major component of senile plaques, is neurotoxic and induces oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Redox proteomics has been used to identify proteins oxidatively modified by Aβ(1-42) in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we discuss these proteins in the context of those identified to be oxidatively modified in animal models of AD, and human studies including familial AD, pre-clinical AD (PCAD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), early AD, late AD, Down syndrome (DS), and DS with AD (DS/AD). These redox proteomics studies indicate that Aβ(1-42)-mediated oxidative stress occurs early in AD pathogenesis and results in altered antioxidant and cellular detoxification defenses, decreased energy yielding metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, loss of synaptic plasticity and cell structure, neuroinflammation, impaired protein folding and degradation, and altered signal transduction. Improved access to biomarker imaging and the identification of lifestyle interventions or treatments to reduce Aβ production could be beneficial in preventing or delaying the progression of AD. This article is part of the special issue "Proteomics".
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506
| | - Debra Boyd-Kimball
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mount Union, Alliance, OH 44601
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45
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Wang LS, Tao X, Liu XM, Zhou YF, Zhang MD, Liao YH, Pan RL, Chang Q. Cajaninstilbene Acid Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment Induced by Intrahippocampal Injection of Amyloid-β 1-42 Oligomers. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1084. [PMID: 31680939 PMCID: PMC6798059 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42) oligomers play an important role at the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and have been a vital target in the development of therapeutic drugs for AD. Cajaninstilbene acid (CSA), a major bioactive stilbene isolated from pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) leaves, exerted the neuroprotective property in our previous studies. The present study utilized a validated mouse model of early-stage AD induced by bilateral injection of Aβ1-42 oligomers into hippocampal CA1 regions (100 pmol/mouse) to investigate the cognitive enhancing effects of CSA and the underlying mechanism, by a combination of animal behavioral tests, immunohistochemistry, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, and Western blot methods. Intragastric administration of CSA (7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg) attenuated the impairment of learning and memory induced by Aβ1-42 oligomers. CSA stimulated Aβ clearance and prevented microglial activation and astrocyte reactivity in the hippocampus of model mice. It also decreased the high levels of Glu but increased the low levels of GABA. In addition, CSA inhibited excessive expression of GluN2B-containing NMDARs and upregulated the downstream PKA/CREB/BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway. These results suggest that CSA could be a potential therapeutic agent at the early stage of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Sha Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Tao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Min Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Feng Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Di Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Hong Liao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Le Pan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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46
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Hwang J, Estick CM, Ikonne US, Butler D, Pait MC, Elliott LH, Ruiz S, Smith K, Rentschler KM, Mundell C, Almeida MF, Stumbling Bear N, Locklear JP, Abumohsen Y, Ivey CM, Farizatto KLG, Bahr BA. The Role of Lysosomes in a Broad Disease-Modifying Approach Evaluated across Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease and Models of Mild Cognitive Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4432. [PMID: 31505809 PMCID: PMC6770842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative disorders have lysosomal impediments, and the list of proposed treatments targeting lysosomes is growing. We investigated the role of lysosomes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other age-related disorders, as well as in a strategy to compensate for lysosomal disturbances. Comprehensive immunostaining was used to analyze brains from wild-type mice vs. amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 (APP/PS1) mice that express mutant proteins linked to familial AD. Also, lysosomal modulation was evaluated for inducing synaptic and behavioral improvements in transgenic models of AD and Parkinson's disease, and in models of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Amyloid plaques were surrounded by swollen organelles positive for the lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) in the APP/PS1 cortex and hippocampus, regions with robust synaptic deterioration. Within neurons, lysosomes contain the amyloid β 42 (Aβ42) degradation product Aβ38, and this indicator of Aβ42 detoxification was augmented by Z-Phe-Ala-diazomethylketone (PADK; also known as ZFAD) as it enhanced the lysosomal hydrolase cathepsin B (CatB). PADK promoted Aβ42 colocalization with CatB in lysosomes that formed clusters in neurons, while reducing Aβ deposits as well. PADK also reduced amyloidogenic peptides and α-synuclein in correspondence with restored synaptic markers, and both synaptic and cognitive measures were improved in the APP/PS1 and MCI models. These findings indicate that lysosomal perturbation contributes to synaptic and cognitive decay, whereas safely enhancing protein clearance through modulated CatB ameliorates the compromised synapses and cognition, thus supporting early CatB upregulation as a disease-modifying therapy that may also slow the MCI to dementia continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannie Hwang
- William C. Friday Laboratory, Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Neurosciences Program, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Candice M Estick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Neurosciences Program, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Uzoma S Ikonne
- William C. Friday Laboratory, Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
| | - David Butler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Neurosciences Program, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Morgan C Pait
- William C. Friday Laboratory, Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
| | - Lyndsie H Elliott
- William C. Friday Laboratory, Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
| | - Sarah Ruiz
- William C. Friday Laboratory, Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
| | - Kaitlan Smith
- William C. Friday Laboratory, Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
- Molecular Biotechnology Program University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
| | - Katherine M Rentschler
- William C. Friday Laboratory, Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
| | - Cary Mundell
- William C. Friday Laboratory, Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
| | - Michael F Almeida
- William C. Friday Laboratory, Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
| | - Nicole Stumbling Bear
- William C. Friday Laboratory, Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
| | - James P Locklear
- William C. Friday Laboratory, Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
| | - Yara Abumohsen
- William C. Friday Laboratory, Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
| | - Cecily M Ivey
- William C. Friday Laboratory, Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
| | - Karen L G Farizatto
- William C. Friday Laboratory, Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
| | - Ben A Bahr
- William C. Friday Laboratory, Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Neurosciences Program, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA.
- Molecular Biotechnology Program University of North Carolina-Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA.
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47
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Fan YG, Guo T, Han XR, Liu JL, Cai YT, Xue H, Huang XS, Li YC, Wang ZY, Guo C. Paricalcitol accelerates BACE1 lysosomal degradation and inhibits calpain-1 dependent neuronal loss in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. EBioMedicine 2019; 45:393-407. [PMID: 31303501 PMCID: PMC6642335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have revealed that vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease, and vitamin D supplementation may be effective strategy to ameliorate the neurodegenerative process in Alzheimer's disease patients. Paricalcitol (PAL), a low-calcemic vitamin D receptor agonist, is clinically used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism. However, the potential application of PAL for treating neurodegenerative disorders remains unexplored. METHODS The APP/PS1 mice were intraperitoneally injected with PAL or vehicle every other day for 15 weeks. The β-amyloid (Aβ) production was confirmed using immunostaining and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The underlying mechanism was verified by western blot and immunostaining in vivo and in vitro. FINDINGS Long-term PAL treatment clearly reduced β-amyloid (Aβ) generation and neuronal loss in APP/PS1 transgenic mouse brains. PAL stimulated the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) possibly through inhibiting sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP2); PAL also promoted LRP1-mediated β-site APP cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1) transport to late endosomes, thus increasing the lysosomal degradation of BACE1. Furthermore, PAL diminished 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) generation in neuronal mitochondria via enhancing base excision repair (BER), resulting in the attenuation of calpain-1-mediated neuronal loss. INTERPRETATION The present data demonstrate that PAL can reduce Aβ generation through accelerating BACE1 lysosomal degradation and can inhibit neuronal loss through suppressing mitochondrial 8-OHdG generation. Hence, PAL might be a promising agent for treating Alzheimer's disease. FUND: This study was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (U1608282).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gang Fan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, NO.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Tian Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, NO.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Xiao-Ran Han
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, NO.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Jun-Lin Liu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, NO.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Yu-Ting Cai
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, NO.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Han Xue
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, NO.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Xue-Shi Huang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, NO.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Yan-Chun Li
- Department of Medicine, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, NO.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China; Institute of Health Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Chuang Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, NO.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China.
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48
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Perneczky R. Dementia treatment versus prevention. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 21:43-51. [PMID: 31607779 PMCID: PMC6780357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent due to the aging of the global populations. Currently available treatment options, including acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, only have symptomatic effects and no drugs with disease-modifying properties are available. Research on the amyloid cascade indicates that amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance from the brain may be the main pathophysiological change in late-onset AD and the key driver of neurodegeneration, which ultimately results in progressive cognitive deterioration and dementia. Most new AD drug candidates target different aspects of Aβ clearance, eg, using passive anti-Aβ immunization, but so far, all efforts to develop more effective drugs have failed. In parallel, nonpharmacological prevention trials are being conducted to modify dementia risk associated with known epidemiological risk factors. Some initial results are promising, but replication across independent cohorts remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany; Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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49
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Tian Y, Wang W, Xu L, Li H, Wei Y, Wu Q, Jia J. Activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway alleviates the cognitive deficits in PS1V97L-Tg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease through modulation of oxidative stress. J Neurosci Res 2018; 97:492-505. [PMID: 30461032 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between oxidative and antioxidative systems due to environmental factors. Although oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), its precise role is not yet understood. We aimed to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms of the oxidative stress by using in vitro cultured neurons and in vivo AD models of PS1V97L-transgenic (Tg) mice. Our results showed that when oxidative stress became increasingly evident, the endogenous protective pathway of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) decreased in 10-month-old PS1V97L-Tg mice. Activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway suppressed oxidative stress, decreased amyloid-β (Aβ), and improved the cognitive function of the PS1V97L-Tg mice. In contrast, blocking the Nrf2/ARE pathway augmented oxidative injury and decreased the cell viability of PS1V97L-Tg neurons. Our results highlight the role of the Nrf2/ARE pathway in regulating oxidative stress of the PS1V97L-Tg mice and may indicate a potential therapeutic avenue for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanruhua Tian
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingzhi Xu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Wei
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoqi Wu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
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50
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Actions of Brain-Derived Neurotrophin Factor in the Neurogenesis and Neuronal Function, and Its Involvement in the Pathophysiology of Brain Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113650. [PMID: 30463271 PMCID: PMC6274766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF, has an important role in a variety of neuronal aspects, such as differentiation, maturation, and synaptic function in the central nervous system (CNS). BDNF stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK), phosphoinositide-3kinase (PI3K), and phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma pathways via activation of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), a high affinity receptor for BDNF. Evidence has shown significant contributions of these signaling pathways in neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Importantly, it has been demonstrated that dysfunction of the BDNF/TrkB system is involved in the onset of brain diseases, including neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. In this review, we discuss actions of BDNF and related signaling molecules on CNS neurons, and their contributions to the pathophysiology of brain diseases.
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