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Luo S, Wang J, Gao M. Sodium alginate hydrogel encapsulating microglia cell lysate subjected to serum starvation for mitigating glioma cells. J Biomater Appl 2024; 39:396-405. [PMID: 39075851 DOI: 10.1177/08853282241268694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant tumor in the brain, accounting for over 80% of all primary intracranial tumors. The current clinical treatment has shown certain limitations. Although M1 type microglia can secrete various pro-inflammatory cytokines and are expected to be used for glioma treatment, direct use of microglia may lead to overactivation and trigger immune storms. Therefore, we first found that serum starvation can stimulate the transformation of microglia into M1 type. Subsequently, we found through comparative experiments that the inhibitory effect of microglial cell lysis medium on glioma cells was stronger than that of microglial cell culture medium. Finally, we successfully prepared sodium alginate hydrogel loaded with microglia lysis solution to achieve sustained inhibitory effect on the growth of glioma and avoid its proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenzhong Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jilong Wang
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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2
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Tiwari V, Prajapati B, Asare Y, Damkou A, Ji H, Liu L, Naser N, Gouna G, Leszczyńska KB, Mieczkowski J, Dichgans M, Wang Q, Kawaguchi R, Shi Z, Swarup V, Geschwind DH, Prinz M, Gokce O, Simons M. Innate immune training restores pro-reparative myeloid functions to promote remyelination in the aged central nervous system. Immunity 2024; 57:2173-2190.e8. [PMID: 39053462 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The reduced ability of the central nervous system to regenerate with increasing age limits functional recovery following demyelinating injury. Previous work has shown that myelin debris can overwhelm the metabolic capacity of microglia, thereby impeding tissue regeneration in aging, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In a model of demyelination, we found that a substantial number of genes that were not effectively activated in aged myeloid cells displayed epigenetic modifications associated with restricted chromatin accessibility. Ablation of two class I histone deacetylases in microglia was sufficient to restore the capacity of aged mice to remyelinate lesioned tissue. We used Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), a live-attenuated vaccine, to train the innate immune system and detected epigenetic reprogramming of brain-resident myeloid cells and functional restoration of myelin debris clearance and lesion recovery. Our results provide insight into aging-associated decline in myeloid function and how this decay can be prevented by innate immune reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vini Tiwari
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Bharat Prajapati
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yaw Asare
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Alkmini Damkou
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Hao Ji
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lu Liu
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nawraa Naser
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Garyfallia Gouna
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Katarzyna B Leszczyńska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Mieczkowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02093 Warsaw, Poland; 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Martin Dichgans
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Qing Wang
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zechuan Shi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vivek Swarup
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ozgun Gokce
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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3
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Al Jaf AIA, Peria S, Fabiano T, Ragnini-Wilson A. Remyelinating Drugs at a Crossroad: How to Improve Clinical Efficacy and Drug Screenings. Cells 2024; 13:1326. [PMID: 39195216 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Axons wrapped around the myelin sheath enable fast transmission of neuronal signals in the Central Nervous System (CNS). Unfortunately, myelin can be damaged by injury, viral infection, and inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Remyelination is a spontaneous process that can restore nerve conductivity and thus movement and cognition after a demyelination event. Cumulative evidence indicates that remyelination can be pharmacologically stimulated, either by targeting natural inhibitors of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells (OPCs) differentiation or by reactivating quiescent Neural Stem Cells (qNSCs) proliferation and differentiation in myelinating Oligodendrocytes (OLs). Although promising results were obtained in animal models for demyelination diseases, none of the compounds identified have passed all the clinical stages. The significant number of patients who could benefit from remyelination therapies reinforces the urgent need to reassess drug selection approaches and develop strategies that effectively promote remyelination. Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven technologies with patient-derived cell-based assays and organoid models is expected to lead to novel strategies and drug screening pipelines to achieve this goal. In this review, we explore the current literature on these technologies and their potential to enhance the identification of more effective drugs for clinical use in CNS remyelination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aland Ibrahim Ahmed Al Jaf
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Peria
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Fabiano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonella Ragnini-Wilson
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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4
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Gao R, Song SJ, Tian MY, Wang LB, Zhang Y, Li X. Myelin debris phagocytosis in demyelinating disease. Glia 2024. [PMID: 39073200 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Demyelinating diseases are often caused by a variety of triggers, including immune responses, viral infections, malnutrition, hypoxia, or genetic factors, all of which result in the loss of myelin in the nervous system. The accumulation of myelin debris at the lesion site leads to neuroinflammation and inhibits remyelination; therefore, it is crucial to promptly remove the myelin debris. Initially, Fc and complement receptors on cellular surfaces were the primary clearance receptors responsible for removing myelin debris. However, subsequent studies have unveiled the involvement of additional receptors, including Mac-2, TAM receptors, and the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, in facilitating the removal process. In addition to microglia and macrophages, which serve as the primary effector cells in the disease phase, a variety of other cell types such as astrocytes, Schwann cells, and vascular endothelial cells have been demonstrated to engage in the phagocytosis of myelin debris. Furthermore, we have concluded that oligodendrocyte precursor cells, as myelination precursor cells, also exhibit this phagocytic capability. Moreover, our research group has innovatively identified the low-density lipoprotein receptor as a potential phagocytic receptor for myelin debris. In this article, we discuss the functional processes of various phagocytes in demyelinating diseases. We also highlight the alterations in signaling pathways triggered by phagocytosis, and provide a comprehensive overview of the various phagocytic receptors involved. Such insights are invaluable for pinpointing potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of demyelinating diseases by targeting phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gao
- The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sheng-Jiao Song
- The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Tian
- The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-Bin Wang
- Neurosurgery Department, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital/Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing Li
- The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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5
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Herranz E, Treaba CA, Barletta VT, Mehndiratta A, Ouellette R, Sloane JA, Ionete C, Babu S, Mastantuono M, Magon S, Loggia ML, Makary MM, Hooker JM, Catana C, Kinkel RP, Nicholas R, Klawiter EC, Magliozzi R, Mainero C. Characterization of cortico-meningeal translocator protein expression in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2024; 147:2566-2578. [PMID: 38289855 PMCID: PMC11224595 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Compartmentalized meningeal inflammation is thought to represent one of the key players in the pathogenesis of cortical demyelination in multiple sclerosis. PET targeting the 18 kDa mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) is a molecular-specific approach to quantifying immune cell-mediated density in the cortico-meningeal tissue compartment in vivo. This study aimed to characterize cortical and meningeal TSPO expression in a heterogeneous cohort of multiple sclerosis cases using in vivo simultaneous MR-PET with 11C-PBR28, a second-generation TSPO radioligand, and ex vivo immunohistochemistry. Forty-nine multiple sclerosis patients (21 with secondary progressive and 28 with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis) with mixed or high affinity binding for 11C-PBR28 underwent 90-min 11C-PBR28 simultaneous MR-PET. Tracer binding was measured using 60-90 min normalized standardized uptake value ratios sampled at mid-cortical depth and ∼3 mm above the pial surface. Data in multiple sclerosis patients were compared to 21 age-matched healthy controls. To characterize the nature of 11C-PBR28 PET uptake, the meningeal and cortical lesion cellular expression of TSPO was further described in post-mortem brain tissue from 20 cases with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis and five age-matched healthy donors. Relative to healthy controls, patients with multiple sclerosis exhibited abnormally increased TSPO signal in the cortex and meningeal tissue, diffusively in progressive disease and more localized in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. In multiple sclerosis, increased meningeal TSPO levels were associated with increased Expanded Disability Status Scale scores (P = 0.007, by linear regression). Immunohistochemistry, validated using in situ sequencing analysis, revealed increased TSPO expression in the meninges and adjacent subpial cortical lesions of post-mortem secondary progressive multiple sclerosis cases relative to control tissue. In these cases, increased TSPO expression was related to meningeal inflammation. Translocator protein immunostaining was detected on meningeal MHC-class II+ macrophages and cortical-activated MHC-class II+ TMEM119+ microglia. In vivo arterial blood data and neuropathology showed that endothelial binding did not significantly account for increased TSPO cortico-meningeal expression in multiple sclerosis. Our findings support the use of TSPO-PET in multiple sclerosis for imaging in vivo inflammation in the cortico-meningeal brain tissue compartment and provide in vivo evidence implicating meningeal inflammation in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Herranz
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Constantina A Treaba
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Valeria T Barletta
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ambica Mehndiratta
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Russell Ouellette
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob A Sloane
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Carolina Ionete
- Department of Neurology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Suma Babu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marina Mastantuono
- Neurology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona 53593, Italy
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Magon
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Marco L Loggia
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Meena M Makary
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Systems and Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Jacob M Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ciprian Catana
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Revere P Kinkel
- University of California San Diego, Department of Neuroscience, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Richard Nicholas
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Eric C Klawiter
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Roberta Magliozzi
- Neurology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona 53593, Italy
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Caterina Mainero
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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6
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Islam R, Choudhary H, Rajan R, Vrionis F, Hanafy KA. An overview on microglial origin, distribution, and phenotype in Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e30829. [PMID: 35822939 PMCID: PMC9837313 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease that is responsible for about one-third of dementia cases worldwide. It is believed that AD is initiated with the deposition of Ab plaques in the brain. Genetic studies have shown that a high number of AD risk genes are expressed by microglia, the resident macrophages of brain. Common mode of action by microglia cells is neuroinflammation and phagocytosis. Moreover, it has been discovered that inflammatory marker levels are increased in AD patients. Recent studies advocate that neuroinflammation plays a major role in AD progression. Microglia have different activation profiles depending on the region of brain and stimuli. In different activation, profile microglia can generate either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses. Microglia defend brain cells from pathogens and respond to injuries; also, microglia can lead to neuronal death along the way. In this review, we will bring the different roles played by microglia and microglia-related genes in the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezwanul Islam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
| | - Hadi Choudhary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
| | - Robin Rajan
- Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton Medical Center, Boca Raton, FL
| | - Frank Vrionis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
- Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton Medical Center, Boca Raton, FL
| | - Khalid A. Hanafy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
- Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton Medical Center, Boca Raton, FL
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7
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Talebi V, Alamdari KA, Patel DI. Simple and Complex Wheel Running Effect on Depression, Memory, Neuroinflammation, and Neurogenesis in Alzheimer's Rat Model. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:1159-1167. [PMID: 38227543 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate 12 wk of simple and complex voluntary wheel running on Alzheimer's disease (AD), associated biomarkers, and behaviors. METHODS Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: healthy control (Con-Sed), AD only (AD-Sed), simple wheel control (SWC), complex wheel control (CWC), simple wheel AD (SWAD), and complex wheel AD (CWAD). Novelty-suppressed feeding test and the Morris water maze test were used to evaluate depression and memory, respectively. Ki67 was measured in the hippocampus, whereas interleukin (IL)-1β and neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2) were measured in both the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test was performed. RESULTS AD-Sed group had significantly lower spacial memory ( P < 0.001) compared with Con-Sed. Simple and complex wheel running attenuated these deficits in the SWAD and CWAD groups, respectively ( P < 0.001). Only the CWAD group had significantly improved novelty-suppressed feeding test time compared with AD-Sed ( P < 0.001), equivalent to the healthy wheel running groups. AD-Sed has significantly higher hippocampal concentrations of Ki67 ( P = 0.01) compared with the Con-Sed. Both SWAD and CWAD had significantly reduced Ki67 with similar concentrations compared with the SWC and CWC groups ( P > 0.05). AD-Sed animals also presented with significantly higher hippocampal and prefrontal cortex concentrations of IL-1β compared with Con-Sed ( P < 0.001). SWAD and CWAD had no effect in changing these concentrations. Complex wheel running significantly increased NG2 in the healthy control and AD models, whereas simple wheel running significantly increased NG2 in the AD model. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study suggest that complex wheel running might be more advantageous in promoting memory and neuroplasticity while reducing depression that is associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Talebi
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, IRAN
| | - Karim Azali Alamdari
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, IRAN
| | - Darpan I Patel
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX
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Farrokhi M, Moeini P, Fazilati M, Nazem H, Faraji S, Saadatpour Z, Fadaei E, Saadatpour L, Rezaei A, Ansaripour S, Amani-Beni A. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Polymorphisms in CD14 Gene May Modify Soluble CD14 Levels and Represent Risk Factors for Multiple Sclerosis. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:I-VIII. [PMID: 27819517 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2016.1226897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Statement of RetractionWe, the Editors and Publisher of the journal Immunological Investigations, have retracted the following article:Merhdad Farrokhi, Pedram Moeini, Mohammada Fazilati, Habibollah Nazem, Shahla Faraji, Zahra Saadatpour, Elyas Fadaei, Leila Saadatpour, Ali Rezaei, Sadra Ansaripour and Ali Amani-Beni (2016) Polymorphisms in CD14 Gene May Modify Soluble CD14 Levels and Represent Risk Factors for Multiple Sclerosis, Immunological Investigations, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08820139.2016.1226897Since publication, significant concerns have been raised about the author affiliations, ethical approval, and the integrity of the data in the article.When approached for an explanation, the authors provided responses to our queries regarding the flow cytometry data, but they have not sufficiently addressed all of our concerns. In particular, the authors and institution did not respond to our requests for proof that the research was conducted at the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences or provide proof of ethical approval.As verifying the validity of published work is core to the integrity of the scholarly record, we are therefore retracting the article. The corresponding author listed in this publication has been informed.We have been informed in our decision-making by our Editorial Policies and COPE guidelines.The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as 'Retracted'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Farrokhi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Pedram Moeini
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fazilati
- Department of Biochemistry, Isfahan University of Payame-Noor, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Habibollah Nazem
- Department of Biochemistry, Isfahan University of Payame-Noor, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahla Faraji
- Department of Biochemistry, Isfahan University of Payame-Noor, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Saadatpour
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elyas Fadaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Najafabad, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Leila Saadatpour
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Rezaei
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Najafabad University of Medical Sciences, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Sadra Ansaripour
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ali Amani-Beni
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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9
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Sanabria-Castro A, Alape-Girón A, Flores-Díaz M, Echeverri-McCandless A, Parajeles-Vindas A. Oxidative stress involvement in the molecular pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis: a literature review. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:355-371. [PMID: 38163257 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune debilitating disease of the central nervous system caused by a mosaic of interactions between genetic predisposition and environmental factors. The pathological hallmarks of MS are chronic inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Oxidative stress, a state of imbalance between the production of reactive species and antioxidant defense mechanisms, is considered one of the key contributors in the pathophysiology of MS. This review is a comprehensive overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which oxidant species contribute to the initiation and progression of MS including mitochondrial dysfunction, disruption of various signaling pathways, and autoimmune response activation. The detrimental effects of oxidative stress on neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes, as well as the role of oxidants in promoting and perpetuating inflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage, are discussed. Finally, this review also points out the therapeutic potential of various synthetic antioxidants that must be evaluated in clinical trials in patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Sanabria-Castro
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, 10103, Costa Rica
- Departamento de Farmacología, Toxicología y Farmacodependencia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, 11501, Costa Rica
| | - Alberto Alape-Girón
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, Dulce Nombre Vázquez de Coronado, 11103, Costa Rica
| | - Marietta Flores-Díaz
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, Dulce Nombre Vázquez de Coronado, 11103, Costa Rica
| | - Ann Echeverri-McCandless
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, 10103, Costa Rica
| | - Alexander Parajeles-Vindas
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, 10103, Costa Rica
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínica Bíblica, San José, 10104, Costa Rica
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Luo M, Zhao F, Cheng H, Su M, Wang Y. Macrophage polarization: an important role in inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1352946. [PMID: 38660308 PMCID: PMC11039887 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are crucial cells in the human body's innate immunity and are engaged in a variety of non-inflammatory reactions. Macrophages can develop into two kinds when stimulated by distinct internal environments: pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages and anti-inflammatory M2-type macrophages. During inflammation, the two kinds of macrophages are activated alternatively, and maintaining a reasonably steady ratio is critical for maintaining homeostasis in vivo. M1 macrophages can induce inflammation, but M2 macrophages suppress it. The imbalance between the two kinds of macrophages will have a significant impact on the illness process. As a result, there are an increasing number of research being conducted on relieving or curing illnesses by altering the amount of macrophages. This review summarizes the role of macrophage polarization in various inflammatory diseases, including autoimmune diseases (RA, EAE, MS, AIH, IBD, CD), allergic diseases (allergic rhinitis, allergic dermatitis, allergic asthma), atherosclerosis, obesity and type 2 diabetes, metabolic homeostasis, and the compounds or drugs that have been discovered or applied to the treatment of these diseases by targeting macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuanmin Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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11
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Oria RS, Anyanwu GE, Nto JN, Ikpa JO. Curcumin abrogates cobalt-induced neuroinflammation by suppressing proinflammatory cytokines release, inhibiting microgliosis and modulation of ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 137:102402. [PMID: 38428651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Curcumin, a bioactive polyphenol derived from turmeric, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. The current study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin in the hippocampal subfields (CA1 and CA3) after exposure to cobalt (Co) and the impact of ERK protein. Twenty-eight albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups, each with seven randomly selected rats as follows: Control (distilled water), Cobalt (Co) only (40 mg/kg), 120 mg/kg or 240 mg/kg curcumin + Co (40 mg/kg). Treatment was via oral gavage for 28 days. We performed a biochemical investigation to determine the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-1β). Furthermore, we conducted an immunohistochemical evaluation to assess the expression of IBA1 by microglial cells and the immunoexpression of ERK protein in the hippocampus. Results revealed a significant (p<0.05) elevation in the tissue level of TNFα and IL-1β, an increase in the number of IBA1-positive microglia, and upregulation of ERK protein in the hippocampal subfields of the rats after exposure to cobalt-only. Nevertheless, pretreatment with curcumin restored these parameters to levels comparable to control. In conclusion, our results showed that curcumin abrogated the Co-induced neuroinflammation by suppressing the release of proinflammatory biomarkers, reducing microgliosis, and modulating the ERK/MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rademene S Oria
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty Of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Cross River State (UNICROSS), Cross River State, Nigeria; Department Of Anatomy, Faculty Of Basic Medical Sciences, College Of Medicine, University Of Nigeria Enugu Campus,, Enugu, Nigeria.
| | - Godson E Anyanwu
- Department Of Anatomy, Faculty Of Basic Medical Sciences, College Of Medicine, University Of Nigeria Enugu Campus,, Enugu, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Uganda
| | - Johnson N Nto
- Department Of Anatomy, Faculty Of Basic Medical Sciences, College Of Medicine, University Of Nigeria Enugu Campus,, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - James O Ikpa
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty Of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Cross River State (UNICROSS), Cross River State, Nigeria
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12
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VonKaenel E, Feidler A, Lowery R, Andersh K, Love T, Majewska A, McCall MN. A model-based hierarchical Bayesian approach to Sholl analysis. Bioinformatics 2024; 40:btae156. [PMID: 38514403 PMCID: PMC10985672 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btae156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Due to the link between microglial morphology and function, morphological changes in microglia are frequently used to identify pathological immune responses in the central nervous system. In the absence of pathology, microglia are responsible for maintaining homeostasis, and their morphology can be indicative of how the healthy brain behaves in the presence of external stimuli and genetic differences. Despite recent interest in high throughput methods for morphological analysis, Sholl analysis is still widely used for quantifying microglia morphology via imaging data. Often, the raw data are naturally hierarchical, minimally including many cells per image and many images per animal. However, existing methods for performing downstream inference on Sholl data rely on truncating this hierarchy so rudimentary statistical testing procedures can be used. RESULTS To fill this longstanding gap, we introduce a parametric hierarchical Bayesian model-based approach for analyzing Sholl data, so that inference can be performed without aggressive reduction of otherwise very rich data. We apply our model to real data and perform simulation studies comparing the proposed method with a popular alternative. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Software to reproduce the results presented in this article is available at: https://github.com/vonkaenelerik/hierarchical_sholl. An R package implementing the proposed models is available at: https://github.com/vonkaenelerik/ShollBayes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik VonKaenel
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Alexis Feidler
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Rebecca Lowery
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Katherine Andersh
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Tanzy Love
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Ania Majewska
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Matthew N McCall
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
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13
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Lombardi M, Scaroni F, Gabrielli M, Raffaele S, Bonfanti E, Filipello F, Giussani P, Picciolini S, de Rosbo NK, Uccelli A, Golia MT, D’Arrigo G, Rubino T, Hooshmand K, Legido-Quigley C, Fenoglio C, Gualerzi A, Fumagalli M, Verderio C. Extracellular vesicles released by microglia and macrophages carry endocannabinoids which foster oligodendrocyte differentiation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1331210. [PMID: 38464529 PMCID: PMC10921360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1331210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Microglia and macrophages can influence the evolution of myelin lesions through the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs). While microglial EVs promote in vitro differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), whether EVs derived from macrophages aid or limit OPC maturation is unknown. Methods Immunofluorescence analysis for the myelin protein MBP was employed to evaluate the impact of EVs from primary rat macrophages on cultured OPC differentiation. Raman spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to define the promyelinating lipid components of myelin EVs obtained in vitro and isolated from human plasma. Results and discussion Here we show that macrophage-derived EVs do not promote OPC differentiation, and those released from macrophages polarized towards an inflammatory state inhibit OPC maturation. However, their lipid cargo promotes OPC maturation in a similar manner to microglial EVs. We identify the promyelinating endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol in EVs released by both macrophages and microglia in vitro and circulating in human plasma. Analysis of OPC differentiation in the presence of the endocannabinoid receptor antagonists SR141716A and AM630 reveals a key role of vesicular endocannabinoids in OPC maturation. From this study, EV-associated endocannabinoids emerge as important mediators in microglia/macrophage-oligodendrocyte crosstalk, which may be exploited to enhance myelin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lombardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
- NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Scaroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Martina Gabrielli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
- NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Raffaele
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bonfanti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabia Filipello
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Paola Giussani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Segrate, Italy
| | - Silvia Picciolini
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicole Kerlero de Rosbo
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- TomaLab, Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Uccelli
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Golia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
- NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia D’Arrigo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
- NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Rubino
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV) and Neuroscience Center, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Kourosh Hooshmand
- System Medicine, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cristina Legido-Quigley
- System Medicine, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Fenoglio
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Gualerzi
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Verderio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
- NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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14
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DePaula-Silva AB. The Contribution of Microglia and Brain-Infiltrating Macrophages to the Pathogenesis of Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Diseases during TMEV Infection of the Central Nervous System. Viruses 2024; 16:119. [PMID: 38257819 PMCID: PMC10819099 DOI: 10.3390/v16010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The infection of the central nervous system (CNS) with neurotropic viruses induces neuroinflammation and is associated with the development of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis and epilepsy. The activation of the innate and adaptive immune response, including microglial, macrophages, and T and B cells, while required for efficient viral control within the CNS, is also associated with neuropathology. Under healthy conditions, resident microglia play a pivotal role in maintaining CNS homeostasis. However, during pathological events, such as CNS viral infection, microglia become reactive, and immune cells from the periphery infiltrate into the brain, disrupting CNS homeostasis and contributing to disease development. Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), a neurotropic picornavirus, is used in two distinct mouse models: TMEV-induced demyelination disease (TMEV-IDD) and TMEV-induced seizures, representing mouse models of multiple sclerosis and epilepsy, respectively. These murine models have contributed substantially to our understanding of the pathophysiology of MS and seizures/epilepsy following viral infection, serving as critical tools for identifying pharmacological targetable pathways to modulate disease development. This review aims to discuss the host-pathogen interaction during a neurotropic picornavirus infection and to shed light on our current understanding of the multifaceted roles played by microglia and macrophages in the context of these two complexes viral-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz DePaula-Silva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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15
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Fornari Laurindo L, Aparecido Dias J, Cressoni Araújo A, Torres Pomini K, Machado Galhardi C, Rucco Penteado Detregiachi C, Santos de Argollo Haber L, Donizeti Roque D, Dib Bechara M, Vialogo Marques de Castro M, de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli Pereira E, José Tofano R, Jasmin Santos German Borgo I, Maria Barbalho S. Immunological dimensions of neuroinflammation and microglial activation: exploring innovative immunomodulatory approaches to mitigate neuroinflammatory progression. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1305933. [PMID: 38259497 PMCID: PMC10800801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1305933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing life expectancy has led to a higher incidence of age-related neurodegenerative conditions. Within this framework, neuroinflammation emerges as a significant contributing factor. It involves the activation of microglia and astrocytes, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and the infiltration of peripheral leukocytes into the central nervous system (CNS). These instances result in neuronal damage and neurodegeneration through activated nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) family pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathways and decreased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity. Due to limited effectiveness regarding the inhibition of neuroinflammatory targets using conventional drugs, there is challenging growth in the search for innovative therapies for alleviating neuroinflammation in CNS diseases or even before their onset. Our results indicate that interventions focusing on Interleukin-Driven Immunomodulation, Chemokine (CXC) Receptor Signaling and Expression, Cold Exposure, and Fibrin-Targeted strategies significantly promise to mitigate neuroinflammatory processes. These approaches demonstrate potential anti-neuroinflammatory effects, addressing conditions such as Multiple Sclerosis, Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Parkinson's Disease, and Alzheimer's Disease. While the findings are promising, immunomodulatory therapies often face limitations due to Immune-Related Adverse Events. Therefore, the conduction of randomized clinical trials in this matter is mandatory, and will pave the way for a promising future in the development of new medicines with specific therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Aparecido Dias
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Torres Pomini
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Machado Galhardi
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luíza Santos de Argollo Haber
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Domingos Donizeti Roque
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dib Bechara
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela Vialogo Marques de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo José Tofano
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iris Jasmin Santos German Borgo
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), School of Dentistry of Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo (FOB-USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Sarkar SK, Willson AML, Jordan MA. The Plasticity of Immune Cell Response Complicates Dissecting the Underlying Pathology of Multiple Sclerosis. J Immunol Res 2024; 2024:5383099. [PMID: 38213874 PMCID: PMC10783990 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5383099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of the myelin sheath of the neuronal axon in the central nervous system. Many risk factors, including environmental, epigenetic, genetic, and lifestyle factors, are responsible for the development of MS. It has long been thought that only adaptive immune cells, especially autoreactive T cells, are responsible for the pathophysiology; however, recent evidence has indicated that innate immune cells are also highly involved in disease initiation and progression. Here, we compile the available data regarding the role immune cells play in MS, drawn from both human and animal research. While T and B lymphocytes, chiefly enhance MS pathology, regulatory T cells (Tregs) may serve a more protective role, as can B cells, depending on context and location. Cells chiefly involved in innate immunity, including macrophages, microglia, astrocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, eosinophils, and mast cells, play varied roles. In addition, there is evidence regarding the involvement of innate-like immune cells, such as γδ T cells, NKT cells, MAIT cells, and innate-like B cells as crucial contributors to MS pathophysiology. It is unclear which of these cell subsets are involved in the onset or progression of disease or in protective mechanisms due to their plastic nature, which can change their properties and functions depending on microenvironmental exposure and the response of neural networks in damage control. This highlights the need for a multipronged approach, combining stringently designed clinical data with carefully controlled in vitro and in vivo research findings, to identify the underlying mechanisms so that more effective therapeutics can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Annie M. L. Willson
- Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, CPHMVS, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Margaret A. Jordan
- Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, CPHMVS, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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17
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Gilbert EAB, Livingston J, Flores EG, Khan M, Kandavel H, Morshead CM. Metformin treatment reduces inflammation, dysmyelination and disease severity in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Brain Res 2024; 1822:148648. [PMID: 37890574 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation, death or damage of oligodendrocytes, and axonal degeneration. Current MS treatments are non-curative, associated with undesired side-effects, and expensive, highlighting the need for expanded therapeutic options for patients. There is great interest in developing interventions using drugs or therapeutics to reduce symptom onset and protect pre-existing myelin. Metformin is a well-tolerated drug used to treat Type 2 diabetes that has pleiotropic effects in the central nervous system (CNS), including reducing inflammation, enhancing oligodendrogenesis, increasing the survival/proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs), and increasing myelination. Here, we investigated whether metformin administration could improve functional outcomes, modulate oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), and reduce inflammation in a well-established mouse model of MS- experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Male and female mice received metformin treatment at the time of EAE induction ("acute") or upon presentation of disease symptoms ("delayed"). We found that acute metformin treatment improved functional outcomes, concomitant with reduced microglia numbers and decreased dysmyelination. Conversely, delayed metformin treatment did not improve functional outcomes. Our findings reveal that metformin administration can improve EAE outcomes when administered before symptom onset in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A B Gilbert
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada
| | - Jessica Livingston
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada
| | - Emilio Garcia Flores
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada
| | - Monoleena Khan
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada
| | - Harini Kandavel
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada.
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18
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Yao S, Gao Z, Fang W, Fu Y, Xue Q, Lai T, Shangguan H, Sun W, Lin Y, Lin F, Kang D. DPA714 PET Imaging Shows That Inflammation of the Choroid Plexus Is Active in Chronic-Phase Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Clin Nucl Med 2024; 49:56-65. [PMID: 38054504 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our aims were to investigate the presence of choroid plexus (CP) inflammation in chronic-phase intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients and to characterize any inflammatory cells in the CP. PATIENTS AND METHODS An in vivo 18 F-DPA714 PET study was undertaken in 22 chronic-phase ICH patients who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University or Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from April 2017 to June 2020. Ten control participants with nonhemorrhagic central nervous system diseases were included. Choroid plexus 18 F-DPA714 uptake was calculated as the average SUVR. To aid the interpretation of the 18 F-DPA714 uptake results at the CP level, Cy5-DPA714 in vivo imaging and immunofluorescence staining were used to show the presence of CP inflammation in an ICH mouse model during the chronic phase (14 weeks after ICH). Then immunofluorescence staining against translocator protein and other specific biomarkers was used to characterize the cells present in the inflamed CP of ICH mice in the chronic phase. RESULTS PET imaging showed that CP DPA714 SUVRs in chronic-phase ICH patients were higher than in controls (mean CP SUVR ± SD; ICH group: 1.05 ± 0.35; control group: 0.81 ± 0.21; P = 0.006). Immunofluorescence staining of the CP in ICH model mice identified a population of CD45 + immune cells, peripheral monocyte-derived CD14 + cells, CD68 + phagocytes, and CD11b + resident microglia/macrophages expressing translocator protein, possibly contributing to the increased 18 F-DPA714 uptake. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that CP DPA714 uptake in chronic-phase ICH patients was higher than that of participants with nonhemorrhagic central nervous system diseases, which means that CP inflammation is still active in chronic-phase ICH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Yao
- From the Departments of Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Neurosurgery Research Institute
| | - Zhuyu Gao
- From the Departments of Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Neurosurgery Research Institute
| | | | - Ying Fu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian
| | - Qianqian Xue
- From the Departments of Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Neurosurgery Research Institute
| | - Tianmin Lai
- Department of Neurology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huangcheng Shangguan
- From the Departments of Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Neurosurgery Research Institute
| | - Weiwei Sun
- From the Departments of Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Neurosurgery Research Institute
| | | | - Fuxin Lin
- From the Departments of Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Neurosurgery Research Institute
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19
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Gauthier T, Martin-Rodriguez O, Chagué C, Daoui A, Ceroi A, Varin A, Bonnefoy F, Valmary-Degano S, Couturier M, Behlke S, Saas P, Cartron PF, Perruche S. Amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by in vivo reprogramming of macrophages using pro-resolving factors. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:307. [PMID: 38124095 PMCID: PMC10734130 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02994-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reinstating inflammation resolution represents an innovative concept to regain inflammation control in diseases marked by chronic inflammation. While most therapeutics target inflammatory molecules and inflammatory effector cells and mediators, targeting macrophages to initiate inflammation resolution to control neuroinflammation has not yet been attempted. Resolution-phase macrophages are critical in the resolution process to regain tissue homeostasis, and are programmed through the presence and elimination of apoptotic leukocytes. Hence, inducing resolution-phase macrophages might represent an innovative therapeutic approach to control and terminate dysregulated neuroinflammation. METHODS Here, we investigated if the factors released by in vitro induced resolution-phase macrophages (their secretome) are able to therapeutically reprogram macrophages to control neuroinflammation in the model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). RESULTS We found that injection of the pro-resolutive secretome reduced demyelination and decreased inflammatory cell infiltration in the CNS, notably through the in vivo reprogramming of macrophages at the epigenetic level. Adoptive transfer experiments with in vivo or in vitro reprogrammed macrophages using such pro-resolutive secretome confirmed the stability and transferability of this acquired therapeutic activity. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data confirm the therapeutic activity of a pro-resolution secretome in the treatment of ongoing CNS inflammation, via the epigenetic reprogramming of macrophages and open with that a new therapeutic avenue for diseases marked by neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Gauthier
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, 25000, Besançon, France
| | | | - Cécile Chagué
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Anna Daoui
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Adam Ceroi
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Alexis Varin
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Francis Bonnefoy
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, 25000, Besançon, France
- MED'INN'Pharma, 25000, Besancon, France
| | | | | | | | - Philippe Saas
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Pierre-François Cartron
- Team "Apoptosis and Tumor Progression" CRCINA-INSERM U1232, Université de Nantes Nantes, LaBEX IGO, REpiCGO, EpiSAVMEN, LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de L'Ouest (ICO), 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Sylvain Perruche
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, 25000, Besançon, France.
- MED'INN'Pharma, 25000, Besancon, France.
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20
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Wang Y, Cui L, Zhao H, He H, Chen L, Song X, Liu D, Qiu J, Sun Y. Exploring the Connectivity of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Microglia as the Center. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:6107-6121. [PMID: 38107384 PMCID: PMC10725686 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s440377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Degenerative diseases affect people's life and health and cause a severe social burden. Relevant mechanisms of microglia have been studied, aiming to control and reduce degenerative disease occurrence effectively. This review discussed the specific mechanisms underlying microglia in neurodegenerative diseases, age-related hearing loss, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and peripheral nervous system (PNS) degenerative diseases. It also reviewed the studies of microglia inhibitors (PLX3397/PLX5622) and activators (lipopolysaccharide), and suggested that reducing microglia can effectively curb the genesis and progression of degenerative diseases. Finally, microglial cells' anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory dual role was considered the critical communication point in central and peripheral degenerative diseases. Although it is difficult to describe the complex morphological structure of microglia in a unified manner, this does not prevent them from being a target for future treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- The Second Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Limei Cui
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Zhao
- The Second Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huhuifen He
- The Second Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dawei Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Smith BC, Tinkey RA, Brock OD, Mariam A, Habean ML, Dutta R, Williams JL. Astrocyte interferon-gamma signaling dampens inflammation during chronic central nervous system autoimmunity via PD-L1. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:234. [PMID: 37828609 PMCID: PMC10568873 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Infiltrating inflammatory immune cells perpetuate demyelination and axonal damage in the CNS and significantly contribute to pathology and clinical deficits. While the cytokine interferon (IFN)γ is classically described as deleterious in acute CNS autoimmunity, we and others have shown astrocytic IFNγ signaling also has a neuroprotective role. Here, we performed RNA sequencing and ingenuity pathway analysis on IFNγ-treated astrocytes and found that PD-L1 was prominently expressed. Interestingly, PD-1/PD-L1 antagonism reduced apoptosis in leukocytes exposed to IFNγ-treated astrocytes in vitro. To further elucidate the role of astrocytic IFNγ signaling on the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in vivo, we induced the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS in Aldh1l1-CreERT2, Ifngr1fl/fl mice. Mice with conditional astrocytic deletion of IFNγ receptor exhibited a reduction in PD-L1 expression which corresponded to increased infiltrating leukocytes, particularly from the myeloid lineage, and exacerbated clinical disease. PD-1 agonism reduced EAE severity and CNS-infiltrating leukocytes. Importantly, PD-1 is expressed by myeloid cells surrounding MS lesions. These data support that IFNγ signaling in astrocytes diminishes inflammation during chronic autoimmunity via upregulation of PD-L1, suggesting potential therapeutic benefit for MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C Smith
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/NC30, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rachel A Tinkey
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/NC30, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Orion D Brock
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/NC30, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Arshiya Mariam
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maria L Habean
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/NC30, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ranjan Dutta
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/NC30, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jessica L Williams
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/NC30, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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22
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Miao J, Chen L, Pan X, Li L, Zhao B, Lan J. Microglial Metabolic Reprogramming: Emerging Insights and Therapeutic Strategies in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3191-3210. [PMID: 37341833 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, play a critical role in maintaining brain homeostasis. However, in neurodegenerative conditions, microglial cells undergo metabolic reprogramming in response to pathological stimuli, including Aβ plaques, Tau tangles, and α-synuclein aggregates. This metabolic shift is characterized by a transition from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis, increased glucose uptake, enhanced production of lactate, lipids, and succinate, and upregulation of glycolytic enzymes. These metabolic adaptations result in altered microglial functions, such as amplified inflammatory responses and diminished phagocytic capacity, which exacerbate neurodegeneration. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying microglial metabolic reprogramming in neurodegenerative diseases and discusses potential therapeutic strategies targeting microglial metabolism to mitigate neuroinflammation and promote brain health. Microglial Metabolic Reprogramming in Neurodegenerative Diseases This graphical abstract illustrates the metabolic shift in microglial cells in response to pathological stimuli and highlights potential therapeutic strategies targeting microglial metabolism for improved brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifei Miao
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojin Pan
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liqing Li
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Beibei Zhao
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jiao Lan
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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23
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Darwish SF, Elbadry AMM, Elbokhomy AS, Salama GA, Salama RM. The dual face of microglia (M1/M2) as a potential target in the protective effect of nutraceuticals against neurodegenerative diseases. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1231706. [PMID: 37744008 PMCID: PMC10513083 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1231706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of different neurodegenerative illnesses is significantly influenced by the polarization regulation of microglia and macrophages. Traditional classifications of macrophage phenotypes include the pro-inflammatory M1 and the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. Numerous studies demonstrated dynamic non-coding RNA modifications, which are catalyzed by microglia-induced neuroinflammation. Different nutraceuticals focus on the polarization of M1/M2 phenotypes of microglia and macrophages, offering a potent defense against neurodegeneration. Caeminaxin A, curcumin, aromatic-turmerone, myricetin, aurantiamide, 3,6'-disinapoylsucrose, and resveratrol reduced M1 microglial inflammatory markers while increased M2 indicators in Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid beta-induced microglial M1 activation was suppressed by andrographolide, sulforaphane, triptolide, xanthoceraside, piperlongumine, and novel plant extracts which also prevented microglia-mediated necroptosis and apoptosis. Asarone, galangin, baicalein, and a-mangostin reduced oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in M1-activated microglia in Parkinson's disease. Additionally, myrcene, icariin, and tenuigenin prevented the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome and microglial neurotoxicity, while a-cyperone, citronellol, nobiletin, and taurine prevented NADPH oxidase 2 and nuclear factor kappa B activation. Furthermore, other nutraceuticals like plantamajoside, swertiamarin, urolithin A, kurarinone, Daphne genkwa flower, and Boswellia serrata extracts showed promising neuroprotection in treating Parkinson's disease. In Huntington's disease, elderberry, curcumin, iresine celosia, Schisandra chinensis, gintonin, and pomiferin showed promising results against microglial activation and improved patient symptoms. Meanwhile, linolenic acid, resveratrol, Huperzia serrata, icariin, and baicalein protected against activated macrophages and microglia in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Additionally, emodin, esters of gallic and rosmarinic acids, Agathisflavone, and sinomenine offered promising multiple sclerosis treatments. This review highlights the therapeutic potential of using nutraceuticals to treat neurodegenerative diseases involving microglial-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar F. Darwish
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdullah M. M. Elbadry
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Egypt
| | | | - Ghidaa A. Salama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M. Salama
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
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24
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Tokarska N, Naniong JMA, Johnston JM, Salapa HE, Muir GD, Levin MC, Popescu BF, Verge VMK. Acute intermittent hypoxia alters disease course and promotes CNS repair including resolution of inflammation and remyelination in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of MS. Glia 2023; 71:2045-2066. [PMID: 37132422 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Remyelination and neurodegeneration prevention mitigate disability in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). We have shown acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) is a novel, non-invasive and effective therapy for peripheral nerve repair, including remyelination. Thus, we posited AIH would improve repair following CNS demyelination and address the paucity of MS repair treatments. AIH's capacity to enhance intrinsic repair, functional recovery and alter disease course in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS was assessed. EAE was induced by MOG35-55 immunization in C57BL/6 female mice. EAE mice received either AIH (10 cycles-5 min 11% oxygen alternating with 5 min 21% oxygen) or Normoxia (control; 21% oxygen for same duration) once daily for 7d beginning at near peak EAE disease score of 2.5. Mice were followed post-treatment for an additional 7d before assessing histopathology or 14d to examine maintenance of AIH effects. Alterations in histopathological correlates of multiple repair indices were analyzed quantitatively in focally demyelinated ventral lumbar spinal cord areas to assess AIH impacts. AIH begun at near peak disease significantly improved daily clinical scores/functional recovery and associated histopathology relative to Normoxia controls and the former were maintained for at least 14d post-treatment. AIH enhanced correlates of myelination, axon protection and oligodendrocyte precursor cell recruitment to demyelinated areas. AIH also effected a dramatic reduction in inflammation, while polarizing remaining macrophages/microglia toward a pro-repair state. Collectively, this supports a role for AIH as a novel non-invasive therapy to enhance CNS repair and alter disease course following demyelination and holds promise as a neuroregenerative MS strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Tokarska
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Justin M A Naniong
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jayne M Johnston
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Hannah E Salapa
- Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- College of Medicine, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Gillian D Muir
- Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, WCVM, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Michael C Levin
- Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- College of Medicine, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Bogdan F Popescu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Valerie M K Verge
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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25
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Culemann S, Knab K, Euler M, Wegner A, Garibagaoglu H, Ackermann J, Fischer K, Kienhöfer D, Crainiciuc G, Hahn J, Grüneboom A, Nimmerjahn F, Uderhardt S, Hidalgo A, Schett G, Hoffmann MH, Krönke G. Stunning of neutrophils accounts for the anti-inflammatory effects of clodronate liposomes. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20220525. [PMID: 36976180 PMCID: PMC10067541 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clodronate liposomes (Clo-Lip) have been widely used to deplete mononuclear phagocytes (MoPh) to study the function of these cells in vivo. Here, we revisited the effects of Clo-Lip together with genetic models of MoPh deficiency, revealing that Clo-Lip exert their anti-inflammatory effects independent of MoPh. Notably, not only MoPh but also polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) ingested Clo-Lip in vivo, which resulted in their functional arrest. Adoptive transfer of PMN, but not of MoPh, reversed the anti-inflammatory effects of Clo-Lip treatment, indicating that stunning of PMN rather than depletion of MoPh accounts for the anti-inflammatory effects of Clo-Lip in vivo. Our data highlight the need for a critical revision of the current literature on the role of MoPh in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Culemann
- Department of
Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum
für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Knab
- Department of
Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum
für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilien Euler
- Department of
Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum
für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Wegner
- Department of
Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum
für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hilal Garibagaoglu
- Department of
Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum
für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Ackermann
- Department of
Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum
für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kim Fischer
- Department of
Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum
für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Deborah Kienhöfer
- Department of
Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum
für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georgiana Crainiciuc
- Area of Cell and
Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares
Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonas Hahn
- Department of
Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum
für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anika Grüneboom
- Department of
Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum
für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Institute of
Genetics at the Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen,
Germany
| | - Stefan Uderhardt
- Department of
Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum
für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Area of Cell and
Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares
Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Vascular Biology and
Therapeutics Program and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School
of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of
Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum
für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus H. Hoffmann
- Department of
Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum
für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology,
Allergy and Venerology, University of
Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of
Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum
für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum
Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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26
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Klotz L, Antel J, Kuhlmann T. Inflammation in multiple sclerosis: consequences for remyelination and disease progression. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:305-320. [PMID: 37059811 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the large number of immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive treatments available to treat relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), treatment of the progressive phase of the disease has not yet been achieved. This lack of successful treatment approaches is caused by our poor understanding of the mechanisms driving disease progression. Emerging concepts suggest that a combination of persisting focal and diffuse inflammation within the CNS and a gradual failure of compensatory mechanisms, including remyelination, result in disease progression. Therefore, promotion of remyelination presents a promising intervention approach. However, despite our increasing knowledge regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating remyelination in animal models, therapeutic increases in remyelination remain an unmet need in MS, which suggests that mechanisms of remyelination and remyelination failure differ fundamentally between humans and demyelinating animal models. New and emerging technologies now allow us to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying remyelination failure in human tissue samples in an unprecedented way. The aim of this Review is to summarize our current knowledge regarding mechanisms of remyelination and remyelination failure in MS and in animal models of the disease, identify open questions, challenge existing concepts, and discuss strategies to overcome the translational roadblock in the field of remyelination-promoting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jack Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Québec, Canada.
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
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27
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Kasarełło K, Seta M, Sulejczak D, Snarski E, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A. Effect of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide on the Microglia Phenotype in Rats with Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2023; 71:10. [PMID: 36964399 PMCID: PMC10039091 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-023-00675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, playing a role in the inflammatory process development and resolution, presenting two main phenotypes, pro-inflammatory M1, and anti-inflammatory M2. Therapies affecting the microglia phenotype may be beneficial in treating inflammatory neurodegenerative diseases. In our experiments, we used the animal multiple sclerosis model, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Rats were treated during the pre- or symptomatic phase of the disease with cyclophosphamide, followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and with/without post-transplantation cyclophosphamide. Our study aimed to analyze the microglia phenotype in animals subjected to this treatment. The number of M1 cells in the spinal cord, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels in the brain were similar in all experimental groups. The differences were observed in M2 cells number and arginase 1 (Arg1) levels, which were decreased in EAE animals, and increased after treatment in the symptomatic phase of EAE, and in the pre-symptomatic phase, but only with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide. Analysis of gene expression in the brain showed decreased iNOS expression in EAE animals treated in the symptomatic phase of EAE and no differences in Arg1 expression. Results indicate that treatment applied to experimental animals influences the microglia phenotype, promoting differentiation towards M2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Kasarełło
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Martyna Seta
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Sulejczak
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilian Snarski
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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28
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Poppell M, Hammel G, Ren Y. Immune Regulatory Functions of Macrophages and Microglia in Central Nervous System Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5925. [PMID: 36982999 PMCID: PMC10059890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages can be characterized as a very multifunctional cell type with a spectrum of phenotypes and functions being observed spatially and temporally in various disease states. Ample studies have now demonstrated a possible causal link between macrophage activation and the development of autoimmune disorders. How these cells may be contributing to the adaptive immune response and potentially perpetuating the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and neural injuries is not fully understood. Within this review, we hope to illustrate the role that macrophages and microglia play as initiators of adaptive immune response in various CNS diseases by offering evidence of: (1) the types of immune responses and the processes of antigen presentation in each disease, (2) receptors involved in macrophage/microglial phagocytosis of disease-related cell debris or molecules, and, finally, (3) the implications of macrophages/microglia on the pathogenesis of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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29
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Drake SS, Zaman A, Simas T, Fournier AE. Comparing RNA-sequencing datasets from astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia in multiple sclerosis identifies novel dysregulated genes relevant to inflammation and myelination. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1594. [PMID: 36600404 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) inflammation is a key factor in multiple sclerosis (MS). Invasion of peripheral immune cells into the CNS resulting from an unknown signal or combination of signals results in activation of resident immune cells and the hallmark feature of the disease: demyelinating lesions. These lesion sites are an amalgam of reactive peripheral and central immune cells, astrocytes, damaged and dying oligodendrocytes, and injured neurons and axons. Sustained inflammation affects cells directly located within the lesion site and further abnormalities are apparent diffusely throughout normal-appearing white matter and grey matter. It is only relatively recently, using animal models, new tissue sampling techniques, and next-generation sequencing, that molecular changes occurring in CNS resident cells have been broadly captured. Advances in cell isolation through Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and laser-capture microdissection together with the emergence of single-cell sequencing have enabled researchers to investigate changes in gene expression in astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes derived from animal models of MS as well as from primary patient tissue. The contribution of some dysregulated pathways has been followed up in individual studies; however, corroborating results often go unreported between sequencing studies. To this end, we have consolidated results from numerous RNA-sequencing studies to identify and review novel patterns of differentially regulated genes and pathways occurring within CNS glial cells in MS. This article is categorized under: Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sienna S Drake
- McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aliyah Zaman
- McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tristan Simas
- McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alyson E Fournier
- McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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30
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Muñoz-Castro C, Mejias-Ortega M, Sanchez-Mejias E, Navarro V, Trujillo-Estrada L, Jimenez S, Garcia-Leon JA, Fernandez-Valenzuela JJ, Sanchez-Mico MV, Romero-Molina C, Moreno-Gonzalez I, Baglietto-Vargas D, Vizuete M, Gutierrez A, Vitorica J. Monocyte-derived cells invade brain parenchyma and amyloid plaques in human Alzheimer's disease hippocampus. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:31. [PMID: 36855152 PMCID: PMC9976401 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are brain-resident myeloid cells and play a major role in the innate immune responses of the CNS and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the contribution of nonparenchymal or brain-infiltrated myeloid cells to disease progression remains to be demonstrated. Here, we show that monocyte-derived cells (MDC) invade brain parenchyma in advanced stages of AD continuum using transcriptional analysis and immunohistochemical characterization in post-mortem human hippocampus. Our findings demonstrated that a high proportion (60%) of demented Braak V-VI individuals was associated with up-regulation of genes rarely expressed by microglial cells and abundant in monocytes, among which stands the membrane-bound scavenger receptor for haptoglobin/hemoglobin complexes or Cd163. These Cd163-positive MDC invaded the hippocampal parenchyma, acquired a microglial-like morphology, and were located in close proximity to blood vessels. Moreover, and most interesting, these invading monocytes infiltrated the nearby amyloid plaques contributing to plaque-associated myeloid cell heterogeneity. However, in aged-matched control individuals with hippocampal amyloid pathology, no signs of MDC brain infiltration or plaque invasion were found. The previously reported microglial degeneration/dysfunction in AD hippocampus could be a key pathological factor inducing MDC recruitment. Our data suggest a clear association between MDC infiltration and endothelial activation which in turn may contribute to damage of the blood brain barrier integrity. The recruitment of monocytes could be a consequence rather than the cause of the severity of the disease. Whether monocyte infiltration is beneficial or detrimental to AD pathology remains to be fully elucidated. These findings open the opportunity to design targeted therapies, not only for microglia but also for the peripheral immune cell population to modulate amyloid pathology and provide a better understanding of the immunological mechanisms underlying the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Muñoz-Castro
- Dpto. Bioquimica Y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Mejias-Ortega
- Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Sanchez-Mejias
- Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Navarro
- Dpto. Bioquimica Y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Trujillo-Estrada
- Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastian Jimenez
- Dpto. Bioquimica Y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Garcia-Leon
- Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Fernandez-Valenzuela
- Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Virtudes Sanchez-Mico
- Dpto. Bioquimica Y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Romero-Molina
- Dpto. Bioquimica Y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Baglietto-Vargas
- Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisa Vizuete
- Dpto. Bioquimica Y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N, 29071, Malaga, Spain. .,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Vitorica
- Dpto. Bioquimica Y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Seville, Spain. .,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain. .,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain.
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31
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Wang Y, Pei S, Liu Z, Ding Y, Qian T, Wen H, Hsu SW, Zhou Z, Zhang J, Wang H. IRAK-M suppresses the activation of microglial NLRP3 inflammasome and GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis through inhibiting IRAK1 phosphorylation during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:103. [PMID: 36765034 PMCID: PMC9918485 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome triggers pyroptosis proinflammatory cell death in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the underlying mechanisms of the inflammatory processes of microglia in EAE remain unclear. Our previous studies suggested that interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-M down-regulates the toll-like receptor 4/interleukin-1 receptor signaling pathway. Here, we used IRAK-M knockout (IRAK-M-/-) mice and their microglia to dissect the role of IRAK-M in EAE. We found that deletion of IRAK-M increased the incidence rate and exacerbated the clinical symptoms in EAE mice. We then found that IRAK-M deficiency promoted the activation of microglia, activated NLRP3 inflammasomes, and enhanced GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in the microglia of EAE. In contrast, over-expression of IRAK-M exerted inhibitory effects on neuroinflammation, NLRP3 activation, and pyroptosis. Moreover, IRAK-M deficiency enhanced the phosphorylation of IRAK1, while IRAK-M over-expression downregulated the level of phosphorylated IRAK1. Finally, we found upregulated binding of IRAK1 and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in IRAK-M-/- EAE mice compared to WT mice, which was blocked in AAVIRAK-M EAE mice. Our study reveals a complex signaling network of IRAK-M, which negatively regulates microglial NLRP3 inflammasomes and pyroptosis by inhibiting IRAK1 phosphorylation during EAE. These findings suggest a potential target for the novel therapeutic approaches of multiple sclerosis (MS)/EAE and NLRP3-related inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 510180, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Pei
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuhe Liu
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 510180, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuewen Ding
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tinglin Qian
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Wen
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 510180, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ssu-Wei Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Zheyi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, 545001, Liuzhou, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Honghao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 510180, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
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32
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Wang C, Zhou Y, Feinstein A. Neuro-immune crosstalk in depressive symptoms of multiple sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 177:106005. [PMID: 36680805 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders can occur in up to 50% of people with multiple sclerosis in their lifetime. If left untreated, comorbid major depressive disorders may not spontaneously remit and is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. Conversely, epidemiological evidence supports increased psychiatric visit as a significant prodromal event prior to diagnosis of MS. Are there common molecular pathways that contribute to the co-development of MS and psychiatric illnesses? We discuss immune cells that are dysregulated in MS and how such dysregulation can induce or protect against depressive symptoms. This is not meant to be a comprehensive review of all molecular pathways but rather a framework to guide future investigations of immune responses in depressed versus euthymic people with MS. Currently, there is weak evidence supporting the use of antidepressant medication in comorbid MS patients. It is our hope that by better understanding the neuroimmune crosstalk in the context of depression in MS, we can enhance the potential for future therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yulin Zhou
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony Feinstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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33
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VONKAENEL ERIK, FEIDLER ALEXIS, LOWERY REBECCA, ANDERSH KATHERINE, LOVE TANZY, MAJEWSKA ANIA, MCCALL MATTHEWN. A Model-Based Hierarchical Bayesian Approach to Sholl Analysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.23.525256. [PMID: 36747628 PMCID: PMC9900812 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.23.525256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to the link between microglial morphology and function, morphological changes in microglia are frequently used to identify pathological immune responses in the central nervous system. In the absence of pathology, microglia are responsible for maintaining homeostasis, and their morphology can be indicative of how the healthy brain behaves in the presence of external stimuli and genetic differences. Despite recent interest in high throughput methods for morphological analysis, Sholl analysis is still the gold standard for quantifying microglia morphology via imaging data. Often, the raw data are naturally hierarchical, minimally including many cells per image and many images per animal. However, existing methods for performing downstream inference on Sholl data rely on truncating this hierarchy so rudimentary statistical testing procedures can be used. To fill this longstanding gap, we introduce a fully parametric model-based approach for analyzing Sholl data. We generalize our model to a hierarchical Bayesian framework so that inference can be performed without aggressive reduction of otherwise very rich data. We apply our model to three real data examples and perform simulation studies comparing the proposed method with a popular alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- ERIK VONKAENEL
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - ALEXIS FEIDLER
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - REBECCA LOWERY
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | - TANZY LOVE
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - ANIA MAJEWSKA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - MATTHEW N MCCALL
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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34
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Xie L, Zheng L, Chen W, Zhai X, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Yu W, Lai Z, Zhu Z, Li P. Trends in perivascular macrophages research from 1997 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:816-830. [PMID: 36514189 PMCID: PMC9928555 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Perivascular macrophages (PVMs) play pivotal roles in maintaining the physiological function of the brain. Dysfunction of PVMs is emerging as an important mechanism in various disease conditions in the brain. METHODS In this work, we analyzed recent research advances in PVMs, especially in the brain, from the Web of Science (WoS) core database using bibliometric analysis based on the search terms "perivascular macrophages" and "perivascular macrophage" on October 27, 2021. Visualization and collaboration analysis were performed by Citespace (5.8 R3 mac). RESULTS We found 2384 articles published between 1997 and 2021 in the field of PVMs, which were selected for analysis. PVMs were involved in several physio-pathological fields, in which Neurosciences and Neurology, Neuroscience, Immunology, Pathology, and Cardiovascular System and Cardiology were most reported. The research focuses on PVMs mainly in the central nervous system (CNS), inflammation, macrophage or T-cell, and disease, and highlights the related basic research regarding its activation, oxidative stress, angiotensin II, and insulin resistance. Tumor-associated macrophage, obesity, myeloid cell, and inflammation were relatively recent highlight keywords that attracted increasing attention in recent years. Harvard Univ, Vrije Univ Amsterdam, occupied important positions in the research field of PVMs. Meanwhile, PVM research in China (Peking Univ, Sun Yat Sen Univ, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, and Shandong Univ) is on the rise. Cluster co-citation analysis revealed that the mechanisms of CNS PVMs and related brain diseases are major specialties associated with PVMs, while PVMs in perivascular adipose tissue and vascular diseases or obesity are another big category of PVMs hotspots. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the research on PVMs continues to deepen, and the hotspots are constantly changing. Future studies of PVMs could have multiple disciplines intersecting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lv Xie
- Department of AnesthesiologyClinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of AnesthesiologyClinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Weijie Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyClinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaozhu Zhai
- Department of AnesthesiologyClinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yunlu Guo
- Department of AnesthesiologyClinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yueman Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyClinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yan Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyClinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Department of AnesthesiologyClinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhongmeng Lai
- Department of AnesthesiologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Ziyu Zhu
- Department of AnesthesiologyClinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Peiying Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyClinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Mushroom Natural Products in Neurodegenerative Disease Drug Discovery. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233938. [PMID: 36497196 PMCID: PMC9740391 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The variety of drugs available to treat neurodegenerative diseases is limited. Most of these drug's efficacy is restricted by individual genetics and disease stages and usually do not prevent neurodegeneration acting long after irreversible damage has already occurred. Thus, drugs targeting the molecular mechanisms underlying subsequent neurodegeneration have the potential to negate symptom manifestation and subsequent neurodegeneration. Neuroinflammation is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis, and is associated with the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which in turn leads to neurodegeneration. Inflammasome activation and oligomerisation is suggested to be a major driver of disease progression occurring in microglia. With several natural products and natural product derivatives currently in clinical trials, mushrooms have been highlighted as a rich and largely untapped source of biologically active compounds in both in vitro and in vivo neurodegenerative disease models, partially supported by successful clinical trial evaluations. Additionally, novel high-throughput methods for the screening of natural product compound libraries are being developed to help accelerate the neurodegenerative disease drug discovery process, targeting neuroinflammation. However, the breadth of research relating to mushroom natural product high-throughput screening is limited, providing an exciting opportunity for further detailed investigations.
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Two phases of macrophages: Inducing maturation and death of oligodendrocytes in vitro co-culture. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 382:109723. [PMID: 36207003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plasticity of macrophages in the immune response is a dynamic situation dependent on external stimuli. The activation of macrophages both has beneficial and detrimental effects on mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) and myelin. The activation towards inflammatory macrophages has a critical role in the immune-mediated oligodendrocytes death in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. NEW METHOD We established an in vitro co-culture method to study the function of macrophages in the survival and maturation of OLs. RESULTS We revealed that M1 macrophages decreased the number of mature OLs and phagocytosed the myelin. Interestingly, non-activated as well as M2 macrophages contributed to an increase in the number of mature OLs in our in vitro co-culture platform. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS We added an antibody against an OL surface antigen in our in vitro co-cultures. The antibody presents the OLs to the macrophages enabling the investigation of direct interactions between macrophages and OLs. CONCLUSION Our co-culture system is a feasible method for the investigation of the direct cell-to-cell interactions between OLs and macrophages. We utilized it to show that M2 and non-activated macrophages may be employed to enhance remyelination.
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Shen S, Cheng X, Zhou L, Zhao Y, Wang H, Zhang J, Sun X, Wang Y, Shu Y, Xu Y, Tao Y, Li M, Lu Z, Cai W, Nie G, Qiu W. Neutrophil Nanovesicle Protects against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis through Enhancing Myelin Clearance by Microglia. ACS NANO 2022; 16:18886-18897. [PMID: 36288210 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Timely clearance of myelin debris is the premise of neuroinflammation termination and tissue regeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). Microglia are the main scavengers of myelin debris in MS lesions, but its phagocytic capability is limited in MS patients. Here, we develop neutrophil-derived nanovesicles (NNVs) to enhance the efficiency of myelin debris clearance in microglia for MS therapy. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) results demonstrate that NNVs treatment ameliorates lesional neuroinflammation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. Consequently, EAE mice exhibit favorable neurological functions and white matter integrity after NNVs treatment. Specifically, NNVs treatment upregulates the expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) in microglia, as revealed by Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (ATACseq). We also demonstrate that NRF2 can activate the transcription of RUBCN (RUN domain and cysteine-rich domain containing Beclin 1-interacting protein), which in turn enhances LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) in microglia. As a result, myelin debris engulfed by microglia can be efficiently catabolized in NNVs-treated EAE mice without obvious side effects. Together, this study proves that NNVs can modulate neuroinflammation by clearing myelin debris and is a promising MS treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishi Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Luyao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yipeng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Hai Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yuge Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yaqing Shu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yanteng Xu
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhengqi Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
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Franklin RJM, Simons M. CNS remyelination and inflammation: From basic mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Neuron 2022; 110:3549-3565. [PMID: 36228613 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Remyelination, the myelin regenerative response that follows demyelination, restores saltatory conduction and function and sustains axon health. Its declining efficiency with disease progression in the chronic autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis (MS) contributes to the currently untreatable progressive phase of the disease. Although some of the bona fide myelin regenerative medicine clinical trials have succeeded in demonstrating proof-of-principle, none of these compounds have yet proceeded toward approval. There therefore remains a need to increase our understanding of the fundamental biology of remyelination so that existing targets can be refined and new ones discovered. Here, we review the role of inflammation, in particular innate immunity, in remyelination, describing its many and complex facets and discussing how our evolving understanding can be harnessed to translational goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J M Franklin
- Altos Labs - Cambridge Institute of Science, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GP, UK.
| | - Mikael Simons
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich, Germany.
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Ricigliano VAG, Louapre C, Poirion E, Colombi A, Yazdan Panah A, Lazzarotto A, Morena E, Martin E, Bottlaender M, Bodini B, Seilhean D, Stankoff B. Imaging Characteristics of Choroid Plexuses in Presymptomatic Multiple Sclerosis: A Retrospective Study. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2022; 9:9/6/e200026. [PMID: 36229188 PMCID: PMC9562043 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Recent imaging studies have suggested a possible involvement of the choroid plexus (CP) in multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we investigated whether CP changes are already detectable at the earliest stage of MS, preceding symptom onset. Methods This study is a retrospective analysis of 27 patients with presymptomatic MS, 97 patients with clinically definite MS (CDMS), and 53 healthy controls (HCs) who underwent a cross-sectional 3T-MRI acquisition; of which, 22 MS, 19 HCs, and 1 presymptomatic MS (evaluated 8 months before conversion to CDMS) also underwent translocator protein (TSPO) 18F-DPA-714 PET and were included in the analysis. CPs were manually segmented on 3D T1-weighted images for volumetric analysis. CP 18F-DPA-714 uptake, reflecting inflammation, was calculated as the average standardized uptake value (SUV). Multivariable regressions adjusted for age, sex, and ventricular and brain volume were fitted to test CP volume differences between presymptomatic patients and MS or HCs. For the presymptomatic case who also had 18F-DPA-714 PET, CP SUV differences with MS and HCs were assessed through Crawford-Howell tests. To provide further insight into the interpretation of 18F-DPA-714-PET uptake at the CP level, a postmortem analysis of CPs in MS vs HCs was performed to characterize the cellular localization of TSPO expression. Results Compared with HCs, patients with presymptomatic MS had 32% larger CPs (β = 0.38, p = 0.001), which were not dissimilar to MS CPs (p = 0.69). Moreover, in the baseline scan of the presymptomatic case who later on developed MS, TSPO PET showed 33% greater CP inflammation vs HCs (p = 0.04), although no differences in 18F-DPA-714 uptake were found in parenchymal regions vs controls. CP postmortem analysis identified a population of CD163+ mononuclear phagocytes expressing TSPO in MS, possibly contributing to the increased 18F-DPA-714 uptake. Discussion We identified an imaging signature in CPs at the presymptomatic MS stage using MRI; in addition, we found an increased CP inflammation with PET in a single presymptomatic patient. These findings suggest a role of CP imaging as an early biomarker and argue for the involvement of the blood-CSF barrier dysfunction in disease development. Trial Registration Information APHP-20210727144630, EudraCT-Number: 2008-004174-40; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02305264, NCT01651520, and NCT02319382.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito A G Ricigliano
- From the Sorbonne Université (V.A.G.R., C.L., E.P., A.C., A.Y.P., A.L., Emanuele Morena, Elodie Martin, B.B., D.S., B.S.), Paris Brain Institute, ICM, CNRS, Inserm; Neurology Department (V.A.G.R., A.L., B.B., B.S.), St Antoine Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris; Neurology Department (C.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris; Service D'Imagerie Médicale (E.P.), Hôpital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Université Paris-Saclay (M.B.), CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay; and Neuropathology Department (D.S.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Céline Louapre
- From the Sorbonne Université (V.A.G.R., C.L., E.P., A.C., A.Y.P., A.L., Emanuele Morena, Elodie Martin, B.B., D.S., B.S.), Paris Brain Institute, ICM, CNRS, Inserm; Neurology Department (V.A.G.R., A.L., B.B., B.S.), St Antoine Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris; Neurology Department (C.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris; Service D'Imagerie Médicale (E.P.), Hôpital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Université Paris-Saclay (M.B.), CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay; and Neuropathology Department (D.S.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Poirion
- From the Sorbonne Université (V.A.G.R., C.L., E.P., A.C., A.Y.P., A.L., Emanuele Morena, Elodie Martin, B.B., D.S., B.S.), Paris Brain Institute, ICM, CNRS, Inserm; Neurology Department (V.A.G.R., A.L., B.B., B.S.), St Antoine Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris; Neurology Department (C.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris; Service D'Imagerie Médicale (E.P.), Hôpital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Université Paris-Saclay (M.B.), CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay; and Neuropathology Department (D.S.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Annalisa Colombi
- From the Sorbonne Université (V.A.G.R., C.L., E.P., A.C., A.Y.P., A.L., Emanuele Morena, Elodie Martin, B.B., D.S., B.S.), Paris Brain Institute, ICM, CNRS, Inserm; Neurology Department (V.A.G.R., A.L., B.B., B.S.), St Antoine Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris; Neurology Department (C.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris; Service D'Imagerie Médicale (E.P.), Hôpital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Université Paris-Saclay (M.B.), CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay; and Neuropathology Department (D.S.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Arya Yazdan Panah
- From the Sorbonne Université (V.A.G.R., C.L., E.P., A.C., A.Y.P., A.L., Emanuele Morena, Elodie Martin, B.B., D.S., B.S.), Paris Brain Institute, ICM, CNRS, Inserm; Neurology Department (V.A.G.R., A.L., B.B., B.S.), St Antoine Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris; Neurology Department (C.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris; Service D'Imagerie Médicale (E.P.), Hôpital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Université Paris-Saclay (M.B.), CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay; and Neuropathology Department (D.S.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Lazzarotto
- From the Sorbonne Université (V.A.G.R., C.L., E.P., A.C., A.Y.P., A.L., Emanuele Morena, Elodie Martin, B.B., D.S., B.S.), Paris Brain Institute, ICM, CNRS, Inserm; Neurology Department (V.A.G.R., A.L., B.B., B.S.), St Antoine Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris; Neurology Department (C.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris; Service D'Imagerie Médicale (E.P.), Hôpital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Université Paris-Saclay (M.B.), CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay; and Neuropathology Department (D.S.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Emanuele Morena
- From the Sorbonne Université (V.A.G.R., C.L., E.P., A.C., A.Y.P., A.L., Emanuele Morena, Elodie Martin, B.B., D.S., B.S.), Paris Brain Institute, ICM, CNRS, Inserm; Neurology Department (V.A.G.R., A.L., B.B., B.S.), St Antoine Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris; Neurology Department (C.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris; Service D'Imagerie Médicale (E.P.), Hôpital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Université Paris-Saclay (M.B.), CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay; and Neuropathology Department (D.S.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Martin
- From the Sorbonne Université (V.A.G.R., C.L., E.P., A.C., A.Y.P., A.L., Emanuele Morena, Elodie Martin, B.B., D.S., B.S.), Paris Brain Institute, ICM, CNRS, Inserm; Neurology Department (V.A.G.R., A.L., B.B., B.S.), St Antoine Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris; Neurology Department (C.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris; Service D'Imagerie Médicale (E.P.), Hôpital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Université Paris-Saclay (M.B.), CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay; and Neuropathology Department (D.S.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Michel Bottlaender
- From the Sorbonne Université (V.A.G.R., C.L., E.P., A.C., A.Y.P., A.L., Emanuele Morena, Elodie Martin, B.B., D.S., B.S.), Paris Brain Institute, ICM, CNRS, Inserm; Neurology Department (V.A.G.R., A.L., B.B., B.S.), St Antoine Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris; Neurology Department (C.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris; Service D'Imagerie Médicale (E.P.), Hôpital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Université Paris-Saclay (M.B.), CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay; and Neuropathology Department (D.S.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Benedetta Bodini
- From the Sorbonne Université (V.A.G.R., C.L., E.P., A.C., A.Y.P., A.L., Emanuele Morena, Elodie Martin, B.B., D.S., B.S.), Paris Brain Institute, ICM, CNRS, Inserm; Neurology Department (V.A.G.R., A.L., B.B., B.S.), St Antoine Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris; Neurology Department (C.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris; Service D'Imagerie Médicale (E.P.), Hôpital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Université Paris-Saclay (M.B.), CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay; and Neuropathology Department (D.S.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Seilhean
- From the Sorbonne Université (V.A.G.R., C.L., E.P., A.C., A.Y.P., A.L., Emanuele Morena, Elodie Martin, B.B., D.S., B.S.), Paris Brain Institute, ICM, CNRS, Inserm; Neurology Department (V.A.G.R., A.L., B.B., B.S.), St Antoine Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris; Neurology Department (C.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris; Service D'Imagerie Médicale (E.P.), Hôpital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Université Paris-Saclay (M.B.), CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay; and Neuropathology Department (D.S.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Stankoff
- From the Sorbonne Université (V.A.G.R., C.L., E.P., A.C., A.Y.P., A.L., Emanuele Morena, Elodie Martin, B.B., D.S., B.S.), Paris Brain Institute, ICM, CNRS, Inserm; Neurology Department (V.A.G.R., A.L., B.B., B.S.), St Antoine Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris; Neurology Department (C.L.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris; Service D'Imagerie Médicale (E.P.), Hôpital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris; Université Paris-Saclay (M.B.), CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay; and Neuropathology Department (D.S.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris, France.
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Li H, Xie L, Zhu L, Li Z, Wang R, Liu X, Huang Z, Chen B, Gao Y, Wei L, He C, Ju R, Liu Y, Liu X, Zheng Y, Su W. Multicellular immune dynamics implicate PIM1 as a potential therapeutic target for uveitis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5866. [PMID: 36195600 PMCID: PMC9532430 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveitis is a severe autoimmune disease, and a common cause of blindness; however, its individual cellular dynamics and pathogenic mechanism remain poorly understood. Herein, by performing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), we identify disease-associated alterations in cell composition and transcriptional regulation as the disease progressed, as well as a disease-related molecule, PIM1. Inhibiting PIM1 reduces the Th17 cell proportion and increases the Treg cell proportion, likely due to regulation of PIM1 to the protein kinase B (AKT)/Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) pathway. Moreover, inhibiting PIM1 reduces Th17 cell pathogenicity and reduces plasma cell differentiation. Importantly, the upregulation of PIM1 in CD4+ T cells and plasma cells is conserved in a human uveitis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH), and inhibition of PIM1 reduces CD4+ T and B cell expansion. Collectively, a dynamic immune cellular atlas during uveitis is developed and implicate that PIM1 may be a potential therapeutic target for VKH. Uveitis is a complex autoimmune inflammatory disease of the eye and defining molecules involved is a priority. Here the authors use scRNA sequencing in mouse experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) and show PIM1 promotes the imbalance of Th17 and Treg cells, and find elevated PIM-1 in human uveitis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lihui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhaohuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiuxing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhaohao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Binyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yuehan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Chang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Rong Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Research Unit of Ocular Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xialin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Yingfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,Research Unit of Ocular Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Hammel G, Zivkovic S, Ayazi M, Ren Y. Consequences and mechanisms of myelin debris uptake and processing by cells in the central nervous system. Cell Immunol 2022; 380:104591. [PMID: 36030093 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders and trauma involving changes to the neuronal myelin sheath have long been a topic of great interest. One common pathological change in these diseases is the generation of myelin debris resulting from the breakdown of the myelin sheath. Myelin debris contains many inflammatory and neurotoxic factors that inhibit remyelination and make its clearance a prerequisite for healing in CNS disorders. Many professional and semiprofessional phagocytes participate in the clearance of myelin debris in the CNS. These cells use various mechanisms for the uptake of myelin debris, and each cell type produces its own unique set of pathologic consequences resulting from the debris uptake. Examining these cells' phagocytosis of myelin debris will contribute to a more complete understanding of CNS disease pathogenesis and help us conceptualize how the necessary clearance of myelin debris must be balanced with the detrimental consequences brought about by its clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Hammel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
| | - Sandra Zivkovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
| | - Maryam Ayazi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
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Horjus J, van Mourik-Banda T, Heerings MAP, Hakobjan M, De Witte W, Heersema DJ, Jansen AJ, Strijbis EMM, de Jong BA, Slettenaar AEJ, Zeinstra EMPE, Hoogervorst ELJ, Franke B, Kruijer W, Jongen PJ, Visser LJ, Poelmans G. Whole Exome Sequencing in Multi-Incident Families Identifies Novel Candidate Genes for Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911461. [PMID: 36232761 PMCID: PMC9570223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system in which auto-immunity-induced demyelination occurs. MS is thought to be caused by a complex interplay of environmental and genetic risk factors. While most genetic studies have focused on identifying common genetic variants for MS through genome-wide association studies, the objective of the present study was to identify rare genetic variants contributing to MS susceptibility. We used whole exome sequencing (WES) followed by co-segregation analyses in nine multi-incident families with two to four affected individuals. WES was performed in 31 family members with and without MS. After applying a suite of selection criteria, co-segregation analyses for a number of rare variants selected from the WES results were performed, adding 24 family members. This approach resulted in 12 exonic rare variants that showed acceptable co-segregation with MS within the nine families, implicating the genes MBP, PLK1, MECP2, MTMR7, TOX3, CPT1A, SORCS1, TRIM66, ITPR3, TTC28, CACNA1F, and PRAM1. Of these, three genes (MBP, MECP2, and CPT1A) have been previously reported as carrying MS-related rare variants. Six additional genes (MTMR7, TOX3, SORCS1, ITPR3, TTC28, and PRAM1) have also been implicated in MS through common genetic variants. The proteins encoded by all twelve genes containing rare variants interact in a molecular framework that points to biological processes involved in (de-/re-)myelination and auto-immunity. Our approach provides clues to possible molecular mechanisms underlying MS that should be studied further in cellular and/or animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Horjus
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tineke van Mourik-Banda
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco A. P. Heerings
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Hakobjan
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ward De Witte
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorothea J. Heersema
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne J. Jansen
- Department of Neurology, Bravis Hospital, 4708 AE Bergen op Zoom, The Netherlands
| | - Eva M. M. Strijbis
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brigit A. de Jong
- Department of Neurology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6525 GD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiebe Kruijer
- Independent Life Science Consultant, 3831 CE Leusden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Jongen
- MS4 Research Institute, 6522 KJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Community & Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo J. Visser
- Department of Neurology, St. Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, 5022 GC Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Care Ethics, University of Humanistic Studies, 3512 HD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Poelmans
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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43
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Peng YF, Luo M, Zhang QS. Elevated monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio correlates with clinical severity in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy patients. Front Neurol 2022; 13:955933. [PMID: 36237631 PMCID: PMC9551288 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.955933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
While monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) has been reported to be associated with nervous system lesions, the role of MHR has not been determined in patients with Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). The purpose of our study was to explore the role of MHR in patients with GBS. A total of 52 GBS patients were involved in the study retrospectively, including patients with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP), acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), and acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN). We used Hughes Functional Grading Scale (HFGS) score to evaluate functional status in GBS patients. Among patients with different subtypes of GBS, MHR was significantly elevated in those with demyelination compared to patients without demyelination (p < 0.001); AIDP patients had an increased MHR compared with AMAN or AMSAN patients (p = 0.001; p = 0.013). There was a positive correlation between MHR and HFGS score (r = 0.463, p = 0.006) in AIDP patients, but not in AMAN or AMSAN. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that MHR was independently associated with HFGS score (beta = 0.405, p = 0.013) in AIDP patients. Our study suggests that MHR as an inflammatory marker is elevated in patients with AIDP compared to AMAN or AMSAN patients, while MHR has a positive correlation with clinical severity in AIDP patients, suggesting that MHR may provide an additional information to reflect the pathophysiology of AIDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Fan Peng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- *Correspondence: You-Fan Peng
| | - Miao Luo
- Life Science and Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Qing-Song Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
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Loix M, Wouters E, Vanherle S, Dehairs J, McManaman JL, Kemps H, Swinnen JV, Haidar M, Bogie JFJ, Hendriks JJA. Perilipin-2 limits remyelination by preventing lipid droplet degradation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:515. [PMID: 36100764 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04547-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Foamy macrophages and microglia containing lipid droplets (LDs) are a pathological hallmark of demyelinating disorders affecting the central nervous system (CNS). We and others showed that excessive accumulation of intracellular lipids drives these phagocytes towards a more inflammatory phenotype, thereby limiting CNS repair. To date, however, the mechanisms underlying LD biogenesis and breakdown in lipid-engorged phagocytes in the CNS, as well as their impact on foamy phagocyte biology and lesion progression, remain poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that LD-associated protein perilipin-2 (PLIN2) controls LD metabolism in myelin-containing phagocytes. We show that PLIN2 protects LDs from lipolysis-mediated degradation, thereby impairing intracellular processing of myelin-derived lipids in phagocytes. Accordingly, loss of Plin2 stimulates LD turnover in foamy phagocytes, driving them towards a less inflammatory phenotype. Importantly, Plin2-deficiency markedly improves remyelination in the ex vivo brain slice model and in the in vivo cuprizone-induced demyelination model. In summary, we identify PLIN2 as a novel therapeutic target to prevent the pathogenic accumulation of LDs in foamy phagocytes and to stimulate remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Loix
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Elien Wouters
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Sam Vanherle
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, LKI-Louvain Cancer Institute, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - James L McManaman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, USA
| | - Hannelore Kemps
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, LKI-Louvain Cancer Institute, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mansour Haidar
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Jeroen F J Bogie
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Jerome J A Hendriks
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium.
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Gür E, Binkhamis G, Kluk K. Effects of multiple sclerosis on the audio-vestibular system: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060540. [PMID: 35977771 PMCID: PMC9389089 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systematically investigate the effects of multiple sclerosis (MS) on the audio-vestibular system. METHODS Systematic review of literature investigating audio-vestibular conditions in persons with MS (PwMS) aged ≥18 years. PubMed, Scopus, NICE and Web of Science were searched. Randomised controlled trials, and cohort, case-control, observational and retrospective studies in English, published from 2000 to 21 November 2021, evaluated PwMS with at least one outcome (pure tone audiometry, auditory brainstem response, otoacoustic emissions, cortical auditory evoked potentials, functional MRI assessing auditory function, vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, videonystagmography, electronystagmography, posturography, rotary chair, gaps in noise, word discrimination scores, duration pattern sequence test), were included. Study selection and assessments of bias were independently conducted by two reviewers using the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Studies, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the NOS adapted for cross-sectional studies. RESULTS 35 studies were included. Auditory function was evaluated in 714 PwMS and 501 controls, vestibular function was evaluated in 682 PwMS and 446 controls. Peripheral auditory function results were contradictory between studies; some found abnormalities in PwMS, and others found no differences. Tests of brainstem and central auditory functions were more consistently found to be abnormal in PwMS. Most vestibular tests were reported as abnormal in PwMS, abnormalities were either peripheral or central or both. However, quantitative analyses could not be performed due to discrepancies between studies in results reporting, test stimulus and recording parameters. CONCLUSIONS Although abnormal results on auditory and vestibular tests were noted in PwMS, specific effects of MS on the audio-vestibular system could not be determined due to the heterogeneity between studies that restricted the ability to conduct any quantitative analyses. Further research with consistent reporting, consistent stimulus and consistent recording parameters is needed in order to quantify the effects of MS on the auditory and vestibular systems. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020180094.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evrim Gür
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness (ManCAD), School of Health Sciences, Ellen Wilkinson Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ghada Binkhamis
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness (ManCAD), School of Health Sciences, Ellen Wilkinson Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Communication and Swallowing Disorders, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karolina Kluk
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness (ManCAD), School of Health Sciences, Ellen Wilkinson Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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46
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Oxidative Stress as a Potential Mechanism Underlying Membrane Hyperexcitability in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081511. [PMID: 36009230 PMCID: PMC9405356 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by gradually progressive, selective loss of anatomically or physiologically related neuronal systems that produce brain damage from which there is no recovery. Despite the differences in clinical manifestations and neuronal vulnerability, the pathological processes appear to be similar, suggesting common neurodegenerative pathways. It is well known that oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen radicals plays a key role in neuronal cell damage. It has been proposed that this stress, among other mechanisms, could contribute to neuronal degeneration and might be one of the factors triggering the development of these pathologies. Another common feature in most neurodegenerative diseases is neuron hyperexcitability, an aberrant electrical activity. This review, focusing mainly on primary motor cortex pyramidal neurons, critically evaluates the idea that oxidative stress and inflammation may be involved in neurodegeneration via their capacity to increase membrane excitability.
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47
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The mTOR Signaling Pathway in Multiple Sclerosis; from Animal Models to Human Data. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158077. [PMID: 35897651 PMCID: PMC9332053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This article recapitulates the evidence on the role of mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR) complex pathways in multiple sclerosis (MS). Key biological processes that intersect with mTOR signaling cascades include autophagy, inflammasome activation, innate (e.g., microglial) and adaptive (B and T cell) immune responses, and axonal and neuronal toxicity/degeneration. There is robust evidence that mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin, ameliorate the clinical course of the animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). New, evolving data unravel mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect on EAE, which include balance among T-effector and T-regulatory cells, and mTOR effects on myeloid cell function, polarization, and antigen presentation, with relevance to MS pathogenesis. Radiologic and preliminary clinical data from a phase 2 randomized, controlled trial of temsirolimus (a rapamycin analogue) in MS show moderate efficacy, with significant adverse effects. Large clinical trials of indirect mTOR inhibitors (metformin) in MS are lacking; however, a smaller prospective, non-randomized study shows some potentially promising radiological results in combination with ex vivo beneficial effects on immune cells that might warrant further investigation. Importantly, the study of mTOR pathway contributions to autoimmune inflammatory demyelination and multiple sclerosis illustrates the difficulties in the clinical application of animal model results. Nevertheless, it is not inconceivable that targeting metabolism in the future with cell-selective mTOR inhibitors (compared to the broad inhibitors tried to date) could be developed to improve efficacy and reduce side effects.
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48
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Pitombeira MS, Koole M, Campanholo KR, Souza AM, Duran FLS, Solla DJF, Mendes MF, Pereira SLA, Rimkus CM, Busatto GF, Callegaro D, Buchpiguel CA, de Paula Faria D. Innate immune cells and myelin profile in multiple sclerosis: a multi-tracer PET/MR study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:4551-4566. [PMID: 35838758 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05899-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuropathological studies have demonstrated distinct profiles of microglia activation and myelin injury among different multiple sclerosis (MS) phenotypes and disability stages. PET imaging using specific tracers may uncover the in vivo molecular pathology and broaden the understanding of the disease heterogeneity. METHODS We used the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) tracer (R)-[11C]PK11195 and [11C]PIB PET images acquired in a hybrid PET/MR 3 T system to characterize, respectively, the profile of innate immune cells and myelin content in 47 patients with MS compared to 18 healthy controls (HC). For the volume of interest (VOI)-based analysis of the dynamic data, (R)-[11C]PK11195 distribution volume (VT) was determined for each subject using a metabolite-corrected arterial plasma input function while [11C]PIB distribution volume ratio (DVR) was estimated using a reference region extracted by a supervised clustering algorithm. A voxel-based analysis was also performed using Statistical Parametric Mapping. Functional disability was evaluated by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC), and Symbol Digit Modality Test (SDMT). RESULTS In the VOI-based analysis, [11C]PIB DVR differed between patients and HC in the corpus callosum (P = 0.019) while no differences in (R)-[11C]PK11195 VT were observed in patients relative to HC. Furthermore, no correlations or associations were observed between both tracers within the VOI analyzed. In the voxel-based analysis, high (R)-[11C]PK11195 uptake was observed diffusively in the white matter (WM) when comparing the progressive phenotype and HC, and lower [11C]PIB uptake was observed in certain WM regions when comparing the relapsing-remitting phenotype and HC. None of the tracers were able to differentiate phenotypes at voxel or VOI level in our cohort. Linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, and phenotype demonstrated that higher EDSS was associated with an increased (R)-[11C]PK11195 VT and lower [11C]PIB DVR in corpus callosum (P = 0.001; P = 0.023), caudate (P = 0.015; P = 0.008), and total T2 lesion (P = 0.007; P = 0.012), while better cognitive scores in SDMT were associated with higher [11C]PIB DVR in the corpus callosum (P = 0.001), and lower (R)-[11C]PK11195 VT (P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Widespread innate immune cells profile and marked loss of myelin in T2 lesions and regions close to the ventricles may occur independently and are associated with disability, in both WM and GM structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Sales Pitombeira
- Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michel Koole
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Kenia R Campanholo
- Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline M Souza
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio L S Duran
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM21), Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Davi J Fontoura Solla
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurosurgery, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria F Mendes
- Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina M Rimkus
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Filho Busatto
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM21), Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dagoberto Callegaro
- Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Buchpiguel
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele de Paula Faria
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Nishi R, Ohyagi M, Nagata T, Mabuchi Y, Yokota T. Regulation of activated microglia and macrophages by systemically administered DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotides. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2210-2223. [PMID: 35189344 PMCID: PMC9171263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation followed by recruitment of blood-borne macrophages into the central nervous system (CNS) aggravates neuroinflammation. Specifically, in multiple sclerosis (MS) as well as in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a rodent model of MS, activated microglia and macrophages (Mg/Mφ) promote proinflammatory responses and expand demyelination in the CNS. However, a potent therapeutic approach through the systemic route for regulating their functions has not yet been developed. Here, we demonstrate that a systemically injected DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotide (HDO), composed of an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) and its complementary RNA, conjugated to cholesterol (Chol-HDO) distributed more efficiently to demyelinating lesions of the spinal cord in EAE mice with significant gene silencing than the parent ASO. Importantly, systemic administration of Cd40-targeting Chol-HDO improved clinical signs of EAE with significant downregulation of Cd40 in Mg/Mφ. Furthermore, we successfully identify that macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) is responsible for the uptake of Chol-HDO by Mg/Mφ of EAE mice. Overall, our findings demonstrate the therapeutic potency of systemically administered Chol-HDO to regulate activated Mg/Mφ in neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Nishi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohyagi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nagata
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yo Mabuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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50
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Wittekindt M, Kaddatz H, Joost S, Staffeld A, Bitar Y, Kipp M, Frintrop L. Different Methods for Evaluating Microglial Activation Using Anti-Ionized Calcium-Binding Adaptor Protein-1 Immunohistochemistry in the Cuprizone Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111723. [PMID: 35681418 PMCID: PMC9179561 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia play an important role in the pathology of various central nervous system disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). While different methods exist to evaluate the extent of microglia activation, comparative studies investigating the sensitivity of these methods are missing for most models. In this study, we systematically evaluated which of the three commonly used histological methods (id est, quantification of microglia density, densitometrically evaluated staining intensity, or cellular morphology based on the determination of a ramification index, all measured in anti-ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1 (IBA1) immunohistochemical stains) is the most sensitive method to detect subtle changes in the microglia activation status in the context of MS. To this end, we used the toxin-induced cuprizone model which allows the experimental induction of a highly reproducible demyelination in several central nervous system regions, paralleled by early microglia activation. In this study, we showed that after 3 weeks of cuprizone intoxication, all methods reveal a significant microglia activation in the white matter corpus callosum. In contrast, in the affected neocortical grey matter, the evaluation of anti-IBA1 cell morphologies was the most sensitive method to detect subtle changes of microglial activation. The results of this study provide a useful guide for future immunohistochemical evaluations in the cuprizone and other neurodegenerative models.
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