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Barba L, Bellomo G, Oeckl P, Chiasserini D, Gaetani L, Torrigiani EG, Paoletti FP, Steinacker P, Abu-Rumeileh S, Parnetti L, Otto M. CSF neurosecretory proteins VGF and neuroserpin in patients with Alzheimer's and Lewy body diseases. J Neurol Sci 2024; 462:123059. [PMID: 38850771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2024.123059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND VGF and neuroserpin are neurosecretory proteins involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to evaluate their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD). METHODS We measured CSF VGF [AQEE] peptide and neuroserpin levels in 108 LBD patients, 76 AD patients and 37 controls, and tested their associations with clinical scores and CSF AD markers. RESULTS We found decreased CSF levels of VGF [AQEE] in patients with LBD and dementia compared to controls (p = 0.016) and patients with AD-dementia (p = 0.011), but with significant influence of age and sex distribution. Moreover, we observed, on the one hand, a significant associations between lower VGF [AQEE] and neuroserpin levels and poorer cognitive performance (i.e., lower Mini-Mental State Examination scores). On the other hand, higher levels of CSF tau proteins, especially pTau181, were significantly associated with higher concentrations of VGF [AQEE] and neuroserpin. Indeed, LBD patients with AD-like CSF profiles, especially T+ profiles, had higher levels of VGF [AQEE] and neuroserpin compared to controls and LBD/T- cases. DISCUSSION CSF VGF [AQEE] and neuroserpin may show a complex relationship with cognitive decline when the levels are reduced, and with AD pathology when levels are increased. They may represent novel markers of neurosecretory impairment in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Barba
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Giovanni Bellomo
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Lucio Severi 1/8, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Patrick Oeckl
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Helmholzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE e.V.), Helmholzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Davide Chiasserini
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Lucio Severi 1/8, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gaetani
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Lucio Severi 1/8, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Edoardo Guido Torrigiani
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Lucio Severi 1/8, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Federico Paolini Paoletti
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Lucio Severi 1/8, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Petra Steinacker
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Samir Abu-Rumeileh
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Lucio Severi 1/8, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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2
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Wetering JV, Geut H, Bol JJ, Galis Y, Timmermans E, Twisk JWR, Hepp DH, Morella ML, Pihlstrom L, Lemstra AW, Rozemuller AJM, Jonkman LE, van de Berg WDJ. Neuroinflammation is associated with Alzheimer's disease co-pathology in dementia with Lewy bodies. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:73. [PMID: 38715119 PMCID: PMC11075309 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease (AD) co-pathology may contribute to disease progression and severity in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). This study aims to clarify whether a different pattern of neuroinflammation, such as alteration in microglial and astroglial morphology and distribution, is present in DLB cases with and without AD co-pathology. METHODS The morphology and load (% area of immunopositivity) of total (Iba1) and reactive microglia (CD68 and HLA-DR), reactive astrocytes (GFAP) and proteinopathies of alpha-synuclein (KM51/pser129), amyloid-beta (6 F/3D) and p-tau (AT8) were assessed in a cohort of mixed DLB + AD (n = 35), pure DLB (n = 15), pure AD (n = 16) and control (n = 11) donors in limbic and neocortical brain regions using immunostaining, quantitative image analysis and confocal microscopy. Regional and group differences were estimated using a linear mixed model analysis. RESULTS Morphologically, reactive and amoeboid microglia were common in mixed DLB + AD, while homeostatic microglia with a small soma and thin processes were observed in pure DLB cases. A higher density of swollen astrocytes was observed in pure AD cases, but not in mixed DLB + AD or pure DLB cases. Mixed DLB + AD had higher CD68-loads in the amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus than pure DLB cases, but did not differ in astrocytic loads. Pure AD showed higher Iba1-loads in the CA1 and CA2, higher CD68-loads in the CA2 and subiculum, and a higher astrocytic load in the CA1-4 and subiculum than mixed DLB + AD cases. In mixed DLB + AD cases, microglial load associated strongly with amyloid-beta (Iba1, CD68 and HLA-DR), and p-tau (CD68 and HLA-DR), and minimally with alpha-synuclein load (CD68). In addition, the highest microglial activity was found in the amygdala and CA2, and astroglial load in the CA4. Confocal microscopy demonstrated co-localization of large amoeboid microglia with neuritic and classic-cored plaques of amyloid-beta and p-tau in mixed DLB + AD cases. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, microglial activation in DLB was largely associated with AD co-pathology, while astrocytic response in DLB was not. In addition, microglial activity was high in limbic regions, with prevalent AD pathology. Our study provides novel insights into the molecular neuropathology of DLB, highlighting the importance of microglial activation in mixed DLB + AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna van Wetering
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking and Life Sciences O|2 building 13e55, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanne Geut
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking and Life Sciences O|2 building 13e55, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John J Bol
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking and Life Sciences O|2 building 13e55, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Yvon Galis
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking and Life Sciences O|2 building 13e55, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Timmermans
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking and Life Sciences O|2 building 13e55, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Jos W R Twisk
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dagmar H Hepp
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Martino L Morella
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking and Life Sciences O|2 building 13e55, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lasse Pihlstrom
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Afina W Lemstra
- Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke J M Rozemuller
- Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura E Jonkman
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking and Life Sciences O|2 building 13e55, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma D J van de Berg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking and Life Sciences O|2 building 13e55, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
- Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Mohanty R, Ferreira D, Westman E. Multi-pathological contributions toward atrophy patterns in the Alzheimer's disease continuum. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1355695. [PMID: 38655107 PMCID: PMC11036869 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1355695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heterogeneity in downstream atrophy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is predominantly investigated in relation to pathological hallmarks (Aβ, tau) and co-pathologies (cerebrovascular burden) independently. However, the proportional contribution of each pathology in determining atrophy pattern remains unclear. We assessed heterogeneity in atrophy using two recently conceptualized dimensions: typicality (typical AD atrophy at the center and deviant atypical atrophy on either extreme including limbic predominant to hippocampal sparing patterns) and severity (overall neurodegeneration spanning minimal atrophy to diffuse typical AD atrophy) in relation to Aβ, tau, and cerebrovascular burden. Methods We included 149 Aβ + individuals on the AD continuum (cognitively normal, prodromal AD, AD dementia) and 163 Aβ- cognitively normal individuals from the ADNI. We modeled heterogeneity in MRI-based atrophy with continuous-scales of typicality (ratio of hippocampus to cortical volume) and severity (total gray matter volume). Partial correlation models investigated the association of typicality/severity with (a) Aβ (global Aβ PET centiloid), tau (global tau PET SUVR), cerebrovascular (total white matter hypointensity volume) burden (b) four cognitive domains (memory, executive function, language, visuospatial composites). Using multiple regression, we assessed the association of each pathological burden and typicality/severity with cognition. Results (a) In the AD continuum, typicality (r = -0.31, p < 0.001) and severity (r = -0.37, p < 0.001) were associated with tau burden after controlling for Aβ, cerebrovascular burden and age. Findings imply greater tau pathology in limbic predominant atrophy and diffuse atrophy. (b) Typicality was associated with memory (r = 0.49, p < 0.001) and language scores (r = 0.19, p = 0.02). Severity was associated with memory (r = 0.26, p < 0.001), executive function (r = 0.24, p = 0.003) and language scores (r = 0.29, p < 0.001). Findings imply better cognitive performance in hippocampal sparing and minimal atrophy patterns. Beyond typicality/severity, tau burden but not Aβ and cerebrovascular burden explained cognition. Conclusion In the AD continuum, atrophy-based severity was more strongly associated with tau burden than typicality after accounting for Aβ and cerebrovascular burden. Cognitive performance in memory, executive function and language domains was explained by typicality and/or severity and additionally tau pathology. Typicality and severity may differentially reflect burden arising from tau pathology but not Aβ or cerebrovascular pathologies which need to be accounted for when investigating AD heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaleena Mohanty
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Eric Westman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Neuroimaging, Center for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
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Mak E, Reid RI, Przybelski SA, Lesnick TG, Schwarz CG, Senjem ML, Raghavan S, Vemuri P, Jack CR, Min HK, Jain MK, Miyagawa T, Forsberg LK, Fields JA, Savica R, Graff-Radford J, Jones DT, Botha H, St Louis EK, Knopman DS, Ramanan VK, Dickson DW, Graff-Radford NR, Ferman TJ, Petersen RC, Lowe VJ, Boeve BF, O'Brien JT, Kantarci K. Influences of amyloid-β and tau on white matter neurite alterations in dementia with Lewy bodies. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:76. [PMID: 38570511 PMCID: PMC10991290 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a neurodegenerative condition often co-occurring with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Characterizing white matter tissue microstructure using Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) may help elucidate the biological underpinnings of white matter injury in individuals with DLB. In this study, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and NODDI metrics were compared in 45 patients within the dementia with Lewy bodies spectrum (mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (n = 13) and probable dementia with Lewy bodies (n = 32)) against 45 matched controls using conditional logistic models. We evaluated the associations of tau and amyloid-β with DTI and NODDI parameters and examined the correlations of AD-related white matter injury with Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). Structural equation models (SEM) explored relationships among age, APOE ε4, amyloid-β, tau, and white matter injury. The DLB spectrum group exhibited widespread white matter abnormalities, including reduced fractional anisotropy, increased mean diffusivity, and decreased neurite density index. Tau was significantly associated with limbic and temporal white matter injury, which was, in turn, associated with worse CDR. SEM revealed that amyloid-β exerted indirect effects on white matter injury through tau. We observed widespread disruptions in white matter tracts in DLB that were not attributed to AD pathologies, likely due to α-synuclein-related injury. However, a fraction of the white matter injury could be attributed to AD pathology. Our findings underscore the impact of AD pathology on white matter integrity in DLB and highlight the utility of NODDI in elucidating the biological basis of white matter injury in DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Mak
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert I Reid
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Scott A Przybelski
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Timothy G Lesnick
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Matthew L Senjem
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hoon Ki Min
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Manoj K Jain
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Toji Miyagawa
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Julie A Fields
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rodolfo Savica
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - David T Jones
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hugo Botha
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Erik K St Louis
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Tanis J Ferman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - John T O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Monzio Compagnoni G, Appollonio I, Ferrarese C. The role of 123-I-MIBG cardiac scintigraphy in the differential diagnosis between dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07476-x. [PMID: 38517586 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Although detailed diagnostic guidelines are available, differentiating dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer's disease is often difficult. 123-I-MIBG cardiac scintigraphy is one of the tools which have been proposed for the diagnostic procedure. The present review is aimed at evaluating the available literature about this topic. Studies assessing the use of this technique to differentiate between the two diseases have been examined and reported. Overall, despite a certain study-to-study variability, the available literature suggests that 123-I-MIBG cardiac scintigraphy is an effective tool in differentiating between the two diseases, with high sensitivity and specificity values. Although the large-scale application of this technique is limited by possible interactions with specific medications and comorbidities, the reported studies are supportive for the usefulness of this technique in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ildebrando Appollonio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrarese
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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6
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Walker L, Simpson H, Thomas AJ, Attems J. Prevalence, distribution, and severity of cerebral amyloid angiopathy differ between Lewy body diseases and Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:28. [PMID: 38360761 PMCID: PMC10870546 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) collectively known as Lewy body diseases (LBDs) are neuropathologically characterised by α-synuclein deposits (Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites). However, LBDs also exhibit pathology associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (i.e. hyperphosphorylated tau and amyloid β (Aβ). Aβ can be deposited in the walls of blood vessels in the brains of individuals with AD, termed cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). The aim of this study was to investigate the type and distribution of CAA in DLB, PDD, and PD and determine if this differs from AD. CAA type, severity, and topographical distribution was assessed in 94 AD, 30 DLB, 17 PDD, and 11 PD cases, and APOE genotype evaluated in a subset of cases where available. 96.3% AD cases, 70% DLB cases and 82.4% PDD cases exhibited CAA (type 1 or type 2). However only 45.5% PD cases had CAA. Type 1 CAA accounted for 37.2% of AD cases, 10% of DLB cases, and 5.9% of PDD cases, and was not observed in PD cases. There was a hierarchical topographical distribution in regions affected by CAA where AD and DLB displayed the same distribution pattern that differed from PDD and PD. APOE ε4 was associated with severity of CAA in AD cases. Topographical patterns and severity of CAA in DLB more closely resembled AD rather than PDD, and as type 1 CAA is associated with clinical dementia in AD, further investigations are warranted into whether the increased presence of type 1 CAA in DLB compared to PDD are related to the onset of cognitive symptoms and is a distinguishing factor between LBDs. Possible alignment of the the topographical distribution of CAA and microbleeds in DLB warrants further investigation. CAA in DLB more closely resembles AD rather than PDD or PD, and should be taken into consideration when stratifying patients for clinical trials or designing disease modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Walker
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Edwardson building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK.
| | - Harry Simpson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Edwardson building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Alan J Thomas
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Edwardson building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Johannes Attems
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Edwardson building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
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7
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van der Gaag BL, Deshayes NAC, Breve JJP, Bol JGJM, Jonker AJ, Hoozemans JJM, Courade JP, van de Berg WDJ. Distinct tau and alpha-synuclein molecular signatures in Alzheimer's disease with and without Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease with dementia. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:14. [PMID: 38198008 PMCID: PMC10781859 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02657-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) pathology is present in approximately 50% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases at autopsy and might impact the age-of-onset and disease progression in AD. Here, we aimed to determine whether tau and aSyn profiles differ between AD cases with Lewy bodies (AD-LB), pure AD and Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) cases using epitope-, post-translational modification- (PTM) and isoform-specific tau and aSyn antibody panels spanning from the N- to C-terminus. We included the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and amygdala (AMY) of clinically diagnosed and pathologically confirmed cases and performed dot blotting, western blotting and immunohistochemistry combined with quantitative and morphological analyses. All investigated phospho-tau (pTau) species, except pT181, were upregulated in AD-LB and AD cases compared to PDD and control cases, but no significant differences were observed between AD-LB and AD subjects. In addition, tau antibodies targeting the proline-rich regions and C-terminus showed preferential binding to AD-LB and AD brain homogenates. Antibodies targeting C-terminal aSyn epitopes and pS129 aSyn showed stronger binding to AD-LB and PDD cases compared to AD and control cases. Two pTau species (pS198 and pS396) were specifically detected in the soluble protein fractions of AD-LB and AD subjects, indicative of early involvement of these PTMs in the multimerization process of tau. Other phospho-variants for both tau (pT212/S214, pT231 and pS422) and aSyn (pS129) were only detected in the insoluble protein fraction of AD-LB/AD and AD-LB/PDD cases, respectively. aSyn load was higher in the AMY of AD-LB cases compared to PDD cases, suggesting aggravated aSyn pathology under the presence of AD pathology, while tau load was similar between AD-LB and AD cases. Co-localization of pTau and aSyn could be observed within astrocytes of AD-LB cases within the MTG. These findings highlight a unique pathological signature for AD-LB cases compared to pure AD and PDD cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram L van der Gaag
- Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Program Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja A C Deshayes
- Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John J P Breve
- Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John G J M Bol
- Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Allert J Jonker
- Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J M Hoozemans
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Program Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wilma D J van de Berg
- Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Program Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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8
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de Miranda AS, Macedo DS, Rocha NP, Teixeira AL. Targeting the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) for Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:107-122. [PMID: 36173067 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220927093815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropsychiatric disorders, such as mood disorders, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias, are associated to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders remain to be fully elucidated, which has hampered the development of effective therapies. The Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) is classically viewed as a key regulator of cardiovascular and renal homeostasis. The discovery that RAS components are expressed in the brain pointed out a potential role for this system in central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. The understanding of RAS involvement in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders may contribute to identifying novel therapeutic targets. AIMS We aim to report current experimental and clinical evidence on the role of RAS in physiology and pathophysiology of mood disorders, schizophrenia, AD and related dementias. We also aim to discuss bottlenecks and future perspectives that can foster the development of new related therapeutic strategies. CONCLUSION The available evidence supports positive therapeutic effects for neuropsychiatric disorders with the inhibition/antagonism of the ACE/Ang II/AT1 receptor axis or the activation of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis. Most of this evidence comes from pre-clinical studies and clinical studies lag much behind, hampering a potential translation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Silva de Miranda
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIIM), Faculty of Medicine, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Danielle S Macedo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research, and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Natalia P Rocha
- Department of Neurology, The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antonio L Teixeira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Neuropsychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
- Faculdade Santa Casa BH, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
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Walker L, Attems J. Prevalence of Concomitant Pathologies in Parkinson's Disease: Implications for Prognosis, Diagnosis, and Insights into Common Pathogenic Mechanisms. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:35-52. [PMID: 38143370 PMCID: PMC10836576 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Pathologies characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (i.e., hyperphosphorylated tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques), cardiovascular disease, and limbic predominant TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) often co-exist in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), in addition to Lewy body pathology (α-synuclein). Numerous studies point to a putative synergistic relationship between hyperphosphorylation tau, Aβ, cardiovascular lesions, and TDP-43 with α-synuclein, which may alter the stereotypical pattern of pathological progression and accelerate cognitive decline. Here we discuss the prevalence and relationships between common concomitant pathologies observed in PD. In addition, we highlight shared genetic risk factors and developing biomarkers that may provide better diagnostic accuracy for patients with PD that have co-existing pathologies. The tremendous heterogeneity observed across the PD spectrum is most likely caused by the complex interplay between pathogenic, genetic, and environmental factors, and increasing our understanding of how these relate to idiopathic PD will drive research into finding accurate diagnostic tools and disease modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Walker
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Johannes Attems
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Lee YG, Jeon S, Kang SW, Ye BS. Effects of amyloid beta and dopaminergic depletion on perfusion and clinical symptoms. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:5719-5729. [PMID: 37422287 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although mixed pathologies are common in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), the effects of amyloid beta and dopaminergic depletion on brain perfusion and clinical symptoms have not been elucidated. METHODS In 99 cognitive impairment patients due to AD and/or DLB and 32 controls, 18F-florbetaben (FBB) and dual-phase dopamine transporter (DAT) positron emission tomography (PET) were performed to measure the FBB standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR), striatal DAT uptakes, and brain perfusion. RESULTS Higher FBB-SUVR and lower ventral striatal DAT uptake were intercorrelated and, respectively, associated with left entorhinal/temporo-parietal-centered hypoperfusion and vermis/hippocampal-centered hyperperfusion, whereas regional perfusion mediated clinical symptoms and cognition. DISCUSSION Amyloid beta deposition and striatal dopaminergic depletion contribute to regional perfusion changes, clinical symptoms, and cognition in the spectrum of normal aging and cognitive impairment due to AD and/or LBD. HIGHLIGHTS Amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition was associated with ventral striatal dopaminergic depletion. Aβ deposition and dopaminergic depletion correlated with perfusion. Aβ deposition correlated with hypoperfusion centered in the left entorhinal cortex. Dopaminergic depletion correlated with hyperperfusion centered in the vermis. Perfusion mediated the Aβ deposition/dopaminergic depletion's effects on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Gun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Seun Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Metabolism-Dementia Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Woo Kang
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung Seok Ye
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Metabolism-Dementia Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Devi G. A how-to guide for a precision medicine approach to the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1213968. [PMID: 37662550 PMCID: PMC10469885 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1213968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Article purpose The clinical approach to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is challenging, particularly in high-functioning individuals. Accurate diagnosis is crucial, especially given the significant side effects, including brain hemorrhage, of newer monoclonal antibodies approved for treating earlier stages of Alzheimer's. Although early treatment is more effective, early diagnosis is also more difficult. Several clinical mimickers of AD exist either separately, or in conjunction with AD pathology, adding to the diagnostic complexity. To illustrate the clinical decision-making process, this study includes de-identified cases and reviews of the underlying etiology and pathology of Alzheimer's and available therapies to exemplify diagnostic and treatment subtleties. Problem The clinical presentation of Alzheimer's is complex and varied. Multiple other primary brain pathologies present with clinical phenotypes that can be difficult to distinguish from AD. Furthermore, Alzheimer's rarely exists in isolation, as almost all patients also show evidence of other primary brain pathologies, including Lewy body disease and argyrophilic grain disease. The phenotype and progression of AD can vary based on the brain regions affected by pathology, the coexistence and severity of other brain pathologies, the presence and severity of systemic comorbidities such as cardiac disease, the common co-occurrence with psychiatric diagnoses, and genetic risk factors. Additionally, symptoms and progression are influenced by an individual's brain reserve and cognitive reserve, as well as the timing of the diagnosis, which depends on the demographics of both the patient and the diagnosing physician, as well as the availability of biomarkers. Methods The optimal clinical and biomarker strategy for accurately diagnosing AD, common neuropathologic co-morbidities and mimickers, and available medication and non-medication-based treatments are discussed. Real-life examples of cognitive loss illustrate the diagnostic and treatment decision-making process as well as illustrative treatment responses. Implications AD is best considered a syndromic disorder, influenced by a multitude of patient and environmental characteristics. Additionally, AD existing alone is a unicorn, as there are nearly always coexisting other brain pathologies. Accurate diagnosis with biomarkers is essential. Treatment response is affected by the variables involved, and the effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease, as well as its prevention, requires an individualized, precision medicine strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Devi
- Neurology and Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Neurology and Psychiatry, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City, NY, United States
- Park Avenue Neurology, New York City, NY, United States
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Diaz-Galvan P, Przybelski SA, Lesnick TG, Schwarz CG, Senjem ML, Gunter JL, Jack CR, Min HKP, Jain M, Miyagawa T, Forsberg LK, Fields JA, Savica R, Graff-Radford J, Jones DT, Botha H, St Louis EK, Knopman DS, Ramanan VK, Ross O, Graff-Radford N, Day GS, Dickson DW, Ferman TJ, Petersen RC, Lowe VJ, Boeve BF, Kantarci K. β-Amyloid Load on PET Along the Continuum of Dementia With Lewy Bodies. Neurology 2023; 101:e178-e188. [PMID: 37202168 PMCID: PMC10351554 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES β-Amyloid (Aβ) plaques can co-occur with Lewy-related pathology in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), but Aβ load at prodromal stages of DLB still needs to be elucidated. We investigated Aβ load on PET throughout the DLB continuum, from an early prodromal stage of isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) to a stage of mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB), and finally DLB. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study in patients with a diagnosis of iRBD, MCI-LB, or DLB from the Mayo Clinic Alzheimer Disease Research Center. Aβ levels were measured by Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) PET, and global cortical standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) was calculated. Global cortical PiB SUVR values from each clinical group were compared with each other and with those of cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals (n = 100) balanced on age and sex using analysis of covariance. We used multiple linear regression testing for interaction to study the influences of sex and APOE ε4 status on PiB SUVR along the DLB continuum. RESULTS Of the 162 patients, 16 had iRBD, 64 had MCI-LB, and 82 had DLB. Compared with CU individuals, global cortical PiB SUVR was higher in those with DLB (p < 0.001) and MCI-LB (p = 0.012). The DLB group included the highest proportion of Aβ-positive patients (60%), followed by MCI-LB (41%), iRBD (25%), and finally CU (19%). Global cortical PiB SUVR was higher in APOE ε4 carriers compared with that in APOE ε4 noncarriers in MCI-LB (p < 0.001) and DLB groups (p = 0.049). Women had higher PiB SUVR with older age compared with men across the DLB continuum (β estimate = 0.014, p = 0.02). DISCUSSION In this cross-sectional study, levels of Aβ load was higher further along the DLB continuum. Whereas Aβ levels were comparable with those in CU individuals in iRBD, a significant elevation in Aβ levels was observed in the predementia stage of MCI-LB and in DLB. Specifically, APOE ε4 carriers had higher Aβ levels than APOE ε4 noncarriers, and women tended to have higher Aβ levels than men as they got older. These findings have important implications in targeting patients within the DLB continuum for clinical trials of disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Diaz-Galvan
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Scott A Przybelski
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Timothy G Lesnick
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Christopher G Schwarz
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Matthew L Senjem
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Jeffrey L Gunter
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Clifford R Jack
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Hoon-Ki Paul Min
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Manoj Jain
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Toji Miyagawa
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Leah K Forsberg
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Julie A Fields
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Rodolfo Savica
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Jonathan Graff-Radford
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - David T Jones
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Hugo Botha
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Erik K St Louis
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - David S Knopman
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Vijay K Ramanan
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Owen Ross
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Neill Graff-Radford
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Gregory S Day
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Tanis J Ferman
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Val J Lowe
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Brad F Boeve
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- From the Department of Radiology (P.D.-G., C.G.S., M.L.S., J.L.G., C.R.J., H.-K.P.M., V.J.L., K.K.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (S.A.P., T.G.L., R.C.P.), and Department of Information Technology (M.L.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Radiology (M.J.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (T.M., L.K.F., R.S., J.G.-R., D.T.J., H.B., E.K.S.L., D.S.K., V.K.R., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.A.F., E.K.S.L.), and Center for Sleep Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Clinic Health System Southwest Wisconsin (E.K.S.L.), La Crosse; Department of Neuroscience (O.R.), Department of Neurology (N.G.-R., G.S.D.), Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology (D.W.D.), and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.
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13
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Hok‐A‐Hin YS, Bolsewig K, Ruiters DN, Lleó A, Alcolea D, Lemstra AW, van der Flier WM, Teunissen CE, del Campo M. Thimet oligopeptidase as a potential CSF biomarker for Alzheimer's disease: A cross-platform validation study. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 15:e12456. [PMID: 37502019 PMCID: PMC10369371 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our previous antibody-based cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics study showed that Thimet oligopeptidase (THOP1), an amyloid beta (Aβ) neuropeptidase, was increased in mild cognitive impairment with amyloid pathology (MCI-Aβ+) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia compared with controls and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), highlighting the potential of CSF THOP1 as an early specific biomarker for AD. We aimed to develop THOP1 immunoassays for large-scale analysis and validate our proteomics findings in two independent cohorts. METHODS We developed in-house CSF THOP1 immunoassays on automated Ella and Simoa platforms. The performance of the different assays were compared using Passing-Bablok regression analysis in a subset of CSF samples from the discovery cohort (n = 72). Clinical validation was performed in two independent cohorts (cohort 1: n = 200; cohort 2: n = 165) using the Ella platform. RESULTS THOP1 concentrations moderately correlated between proteomics analysis and our novel assays (Rho > 0.580). In both validation cohorts, CSF THOP1 was increased in MCI-Aβ+ (>1.3-fold) and AD (>1.2-fold) compared with controls; and between MCI-Aβ+ and DLB (>1.2-fold). Higher THOP1 concentrations were detected in AD compared with DLB only when both cohorts were analyzed together. In both cohorts, THOP1 correlated with CSF total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and Aβ40 (Rho > 0.540) but not Aβ42. DISCUSSION Validation of our proteomics findings underpins the potential of CSF THOP1 as an early specific biomarker associated with AD pathology. The use of antibody-based platforms in both the discovery and validation phases facilitated the translation of proteomics findings, providing an additional workflow that may accelerate the development of biofluid-based biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanaika S. Hok‐A‐Hin
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Katharina Bolsewig
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Daimy N. Ruiters
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau ‐ Hospital de Sant PauUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau ‐ Hospital de Sant PauUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
| | - Afina W. Lemstra
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of NeurologyAmsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M. van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of NeurologyAmsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data ScienceVU University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marta del Campo
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de FarmaciaUniversidad San Pablo‐CEU, CEU UniversitiesMadridSpain
- Bareclonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC)Pasqual Maragall FoundationBarcelonaSpain
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14
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Jellinger KA. Morphological characteristics differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies from Parkinson disease with and without dementia. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023:10.1007/s00702-023-02660-3. [PMID: 37306790 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson disease (PD) with and without dementia are entities of a spectrum of Lewy body diseases. About 26.3% of all PD patients develop dementia increasing up to 83%. Parkinson disease-dementia (PDD) and DLB share many clinical and morphological features that separate them from non-demented PD (PDND). Clinically distinguished by the temporal sequence of motor and cognitive symptoms, the pathology of PDD and DLB includes variable combinations of Lewy body (LB) and Alzheimer (AD) lesions, both being more severe in DLB, but much less frequent and less severe in PDND. The objective of this study was to investigate the morphological differences between these three groups. 290 patients with pathologically confirmed PD were reviewed. 190 of them had clinical dementia; 110 met the neuropathological criteria of PDD and 80 of DLB. The major demographic and clinical data were obtained from medical records. Neuropathology included semiquantitative assessment of LB and AD pathologies including cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). PDD patients were significantly older than PDND and DLB ones (83.9 vs 77.9 years, p < 0.05); the age of DLB patients was between them (80.0 years), while the disease duration was shortest in DLB. Brain weight was lowest in DLB, which showed higher Braak LB scores (mean 5.2 vs 4.2) and highest Braak tau stages (mean 5.2 vs 4.4 and 2.3, respectively). Thal Aβ phases were also highest in DLB (mean 4.1 vs 3.0 and 1.8, respectively). Major findings were frequency and degree of CAA, being highest in DLB (95% vs 50% and 24%, with scores 2.9 vs 0.7 and 0.3, respectively), whereas other small vessel lesions showed no significant differences. Striatal Aβ deposits also differentiated DLB from the other groups. This and other studies of larger cohorts of PD patients indicate that the association of CAA and cortical tau-but less-LB pathologies are associated with more severe cognitive decline and worse prognosis that distinguish DLB from PDD and PDND. The particular impact of both CAA and tau pathology supports the concept of a pathogenic continuum ranging from PDND to DLB + AD within the spectrum of age-related synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Jellinger
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Alberichgasse 5/13, 1150, Vienna, Austria.
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15
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Okuzumi A, Hatano T, Matsumoto G, Nojiri S, Ueno SI, Imamichi-Tatano Y, Kimura H, Kakuta S, Kondo A, Fukuhara T, Li Y, Funayama M, Saiki S, Taniguchi D, Tsunemi T, McIntyre D, Gérardy JJ, Mittelbronn M, Kruger R, Uchiyama Y, Nukina N, Hattori N. Propagative α-synuclein seeds as serum biomarkers for synucleinopathies. Nat Med 2023; 29:1448-1455. [PMID: 37248302 PMCID: PMC10287557 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal α-synuclein aggregation is a key pathological feature of a group of neurodegenerative diseases known as synucleinopathies, which include Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy (MSA). The pathogenic β-sheet seed conformation of α-synuclein is found in various tissues, suggesting potential as a biomarker, but few studies have been able to reliably detect these seeds in serum samples. In this study, we developed a modified assay system, called immunoprecipitation-based real-time quaking-induced conversion (IP/RT-QuIC), which enables the detection of pathogenic α-synuclein seeds in the serum of individuals with synucleinopathies. In our internal first and second cohorts, IP/RT-QuIC showed high diagnostic performance for differentiating PD versus controls (area under the curve (AUC): 0.96 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95-0.99)/AUC: 0.93 (95% CI 0.84-1.00)) and MSA versus controls (AUC: 0.64 (95% CI 0.49-0.79)/AUC: 0.73 (95% CI 0.49-0.98)). IP/RT-QuIC also showed high diagnostic performance in differentiating individuals with PD (AUC: 0.86 (95% CI 0.74-0.99)) and MSA (AUC: 0.80 (95% CI 0.65-0.97)) from controls in a blinded external cohort. Notably, amplified seeds maintained disease-specific properties, allowing the differentiation of samples from individuals with PD versus MSA. In summary, here we present a novel platform that may allow the detection of individuals with synucleinopathies using serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Okuzumi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Hatano
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Matsumoto
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shuko Nojiri
- Medical Technology Innovation Center, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Ueno
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Haruka Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kakuta
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihide Kondo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuhara
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Collaboration Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuanzhe Li
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Funayama
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Saiki
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Taniguchi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiji Tsunemi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Deborah McIntyre
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Jacques Gérardy
- Luxembourg National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS); Department of Cancer Research (DOCR), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH); Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM) and Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Luxembourg National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS); Department of Cancer Research (DOCR), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH); Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP), Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM) and Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rejko Kruger
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL); Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Yasuo Uchiyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nukina
- Laboratory of Structural Neuropathology, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Collaboration Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.
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16
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Avelar-Pereira B, Belloy ME, O'Hara R, Hosseini SMH. Decoding the heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and progression using multilayer networks. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2423-2432. [PMID: 36539525 PMCID: PMC10279806 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01886-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disorder, which makes early detection a challenge. Studies have attempted to combine biomarkers to improve AD detection and predict progression. However, most of the existing work reports results in parallel or compares normalized findings but does not analyze data simultaneously. We tested a multi-dimensional network framework, applied to 490 subjects (cognitively normal [CN] = 147; mild cognitive impairment [MCI] = 287; AD = 56) from ADNI, to create a single model capable of capturing the heterogeneity and progression of AD. First, we constructed subject similarity networks for structural magnetic resonance imaging, amyloid-β positron emission tomography, cerebrospinal fluid, cognition, and genetics data and then applied multilayer community detection to find groups with shared similarities across modalities. Individuals were also followed-up longitudinally, with AD subjects having, on average, 4.5 years of follow-up. Our findings show that multilayer community detection allows for accurate identification of present and future AD (≈90%) and is also able to identify cases that were misdiagnosed clinically. From all MCI participants who developed AD or reverted to CN, the multilayer model correctly identified 90.8% and 88.5% of cases respectively. We observed similar subtypes across the full sample and when examining multimodal data from subjects with no AD pathology (i.e., amyloid negative). Finally, these results were also validated using an independent testing set. In summary, the multilayer framework is successful in detecting AD and provides unique insight into the heterogeneity of the disease by identifying subtypes that share similar multidisciplinary profiles of neurological, cognitive, pathological, and genetics information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Avelar-Pereira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA.
| | - Michael E Belloy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Ruth O'Hara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - S M Hadi Hosseini
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA.
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Hok-A-Hin YS, Del Campo M, Boiten WA, Stoops E, Vanhooren M, Lemstra AW, van der Flier WM, Teunissen CE. Neuroinflammatory CSF biomarkers MIF, sTREM1, and sTREM2 show dynamic expression profiles in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:107. [PMID: 37147668 PMCID: PMC10163795 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02796-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for novel fluid biomarkers tracking neuroinflammatory responses in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our recent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics study revealed that migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (sTREM1) increased along the AD continuum. We aimed to assess the potential use of these proteins, in addition to sTREM2, as CSF biomarkers to monitor inflammatory processes in AD. METHODS We included cognitively unimpaired controls (n = 67, 63 ± 9 years, 24% females, all amyloid negative), patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 92, 65 ± 7 years, 47% females, 65% amyloid positive), AD (n = 38, 67 ± 6 years, 8% females, all amyloid positive), and DLB (n = 50, 67 ± 6 years, 5% females, 54% amyloid positive). MIF, sTREM1, and sTREM2 levels were measured by validated immunoassays. Differences in protein levels between groups were tested with analysis of covariance (corrected for age and sex). Spearman correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the association between these neuroinflammatory markers with AD-CSF biomarkers (Aβ42, tTau, pTau) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores. RESULTS MIF levels were increased in MCI (p < 0.01), AD (p < 0.05), and DLB (p > 0.05) compared to controls. Levels of sTREM1 were specifically increased in AD compared to controls (p < 0.01), MCI (p < 0.05), and DLB patients (p > 0.05), while sTREM2 levels were increased specifically in MCI compared to all other groups (all p < 0.001). Neuroinflammatory proteins were highly correlated with CSF pTau levels (MIF: all groups; sTREM1: MCI, AD and DLB; sTREM2: controls, MCI and DLB). Correlations with MMSE scores were observed in specific clinical groups (MIF in controls, sTREM1 in AD, and sTREM2 in DLB). CONCLUSION Inflammatory-related proteins show diverse expression profiles along different AD stages, with increased protein levels in the MCI stage (MIF and sTREM2) and AD stage (MIF and sTREM1). The associations of these inflammatory markers primarily with CSF pTau levels indicate an intertwined relationship between tau pathology and inflammation. These neuroinflammatory markers might be useful in clinical trials to capture dynamics in inflammatory responses or monitor drug-target engagement of inflammatory modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanaika S Hok-A-Hin
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marta Del Campo
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Walter A Boiten
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Afina W Lemstra
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, VU University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Ma Y, Farny NG. Connecting the Dots: Neuronal Senescence, Stress Granules, and Neurodegeneration. Gene 2023; 871:147437. [PMID: 37084987 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence increases with aging. While senescence is associated with an exit of the cell cycle, there is ample evidence that post-mitotic cells including neurons can undergo senescence as the brain ages, and that senescence likely contributes significantly to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases (ND) such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Stress granules (SGs) are stress-induced cytoplasmic biomolecular condensates of RNA and proteins, which have been linked to the development of AD and ALS. The SG seeding hypothesis of NDs proposes that chronic stress in aging neurons results in static SGs that progress into pathological aggregates Alterations in SG dynamics have also been linked to senescence, though studies that link SGs and senescence in the context of NDs and the aging brain have not yet been performed. In this Review, we summarize the literature on senescence, and explore the contribution of senescence to the aging brain. We describe senescence phenotypes in aging neurons and glia, and their links to neuroinflammation and the development of AD and ALS. We further examine the relationships of SGs to senescence and to ND. We propose a new hypothesis that neuronal senescence may contribute to the mechanism of SG seeding in ND by altering SG dynamics in aged cells, thereby providing additional aggregation opportunities within aged neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Ma
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Natalie G Farny
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA.
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19
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Fisher DW, Tulloch J, Yu CE, Tsuang D. A Preliminary Comparison of the Methylome and Transcriptome from the Prefrontal Cortex Across Alzheimer’s Disease and Lewy Body Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:279-297. [PMID: 37220618 PMCID: PMC10200238 DOI: 10.3233/adr220114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pathological amyloid-β and α-synuclein are associated with a spectrum of related dementias, ranging from Alzheimer’s disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), to Parkinson disease dementia (PDD). While these diseases share clinical and pathological features, they also have unique patterns of pathology. However, epigenetic factors that contribute to these pathological differences remain unknown. Objective: In this preliminary study, we explore differences in DNA methylation and transcription in five neuropathologically defined groups: cognitively unimpaired controls, AD, pure DLB, DLB with concomitant AD (DLBAD), and PDD. Methods: We employed an Illumina Infinium 850k array and RNA-seq to quantify these differences in DNA methylation and transcription, respectively. We then used Weighted Gene Co-Network Expression Analysis (WGCNA) to determine transcriptional modules and correlated these with DNA methylation. Results: We found that PDD was transcriptionally unique and correlated with an unexpected hypomethylation pattern compared to the other dementias and controls. Surprisingly, differences between PDD and DLB were especially notable with 197 differentially methylated regions. WGCNA yielded numerous modules associated with controls and the four dementias: one module was associated with transcriptional differences between controls and all the dementias as well as having significant overlap with differentially methylated probes. Functional enrichment demonstrated that this module was associated with responses to oxidative stress. Conclusion: Future work that extends these joint DNA methylation and transcription analyses will be critical to better understanding of differences that contribute to varying clinical presentation across dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Fisher
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica Tulloch
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veteran’s Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chang-En Yu
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veteran’s Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Debby Tsuang
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veteran’s Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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20
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Chu Y, Hirst WD, Kordower JH. Mixed pathology as a rule, not exception: Time to reconsider disease nosology. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 192:57-71. [PMID: 36796948 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85538-9.00012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with motor and nonmotor symptoms. Accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein is considered a key pathological feature during disease initiation and progression. While clearly deemed a synucleinopathy, the development of amyloid-β plaques, tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles, and even TDP-43 protein inclusions occur within the nigrostriatal system and in other brain regions. In addition, inflammatory responses, manifested by glial reactivity, T-cell infiltration, and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, plus other toxic mediators derived from activated glial cells, are currently recognized as prominent drivers of Parkinson's disease pathology. However, copathologies have increasingly been recognized as the rule (>90%) and not the exception, with Parkinson's disease cases on average exhibiting three different copathologies. While microinfarcts, atherosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy may have an impact on disease progression, α-synuclein, amyloid-β, and TDP-43 pathology do not seem to contribute to progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Chu
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Warren D Hirst
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Biogen, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeffrey H Kordower
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.
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21
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Chiu SY, Wyman-Chick KA, Ferman TJ, Bayram E, Holden SK, Choudhury P, Armstrong MJ. Sex differences in dementia with Lewy bodies: Focused review of available evidence and future directions. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 107:105285. [PMID: 36682958 PMCID: PMC10024862 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on sex differences in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) relating to epidemiology, clinical features, neuropathology, biomarkers, disease progression, and caregiving. While many studies show a higher DLB prevalence in men, this finding is inconsistent and varies by study approach. Visual hallucinations may be more common and occur earlier in women with DLB, whereas REM sleep behavior disorder may be more common and occur earlier in men. Several studies report a higher frequency of parkinsonism in men with DLB, while the frequency of fluctuations appears similar between sexes. Women tend to be older, have greater cognitive impairment at their initial visit, and are delayed in meeting DLB criteria compared to men. Women are also more likely to have Lewy body disease with co-existing AD-related pathology than so-called "pure" Lewy body disease, while men may present with either. Research is mixed regarding the impact of sex on DLB progression. Biomarker and treatment research assessing for sex differences is lacking. Women provide the majority of caregiving in DLB but how this affects the caregiving experience is uncertain. Gaining a better understanding of sex differences will be instrumental in aiding future development of sex-specific strategies in DLB for early diagnosis, care, and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Y Chiu
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Norman Fixel Institute for Neurologic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Kathryn A Wyman-Chick
- Center for Memory and Aging, Department of Neurology, HealthPartners, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Tanis J Ferman
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ece Bayram
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samantha K Holden
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Parichita Choudhury
- Cleo Roberts Center, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Melissa J Armstrong
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Norman Fixel Institute for Neurologic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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22
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Pyun JM, Youn YC, Park YH, Kim S. Integration of amyloid-β oligomerization tendency as a plasma biomarker in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1028448. [PMID: 36733444 PMCID: PMC9886866 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1028448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There has been significant development in blood-based biomarkers targeting amyloidopathy of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the guidelines for integrating such biomarkers into AD diagnosis are still inadequate. Multimer Detection System-Oligomeric Amyloid-β (MDS-OAβ) as a plasma biomarker detecting oligomerization tendency is available in the clinical practice. Main text We suggest how to interpret the results of plasma biomarker for amyloidopathy using MDS-OAβ with neuropsychological test, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and amyloid PET for AD diagnosis. Combination of each test result differentiates various stages of AD, other neurodegenerative diseases, or cognitive impairment due to the causes other than neurodegeneration. Discussion A systematic interpretation strategy could support accurate diagnosis and staging of AD. Moreover, comprehensive use of biomarkers that target amyloidopathy such as amyloid PET on brain amyloid plaque and MDS-OAβ on amyloid-β oligomerization tendency can complement to gain advanced insights on amyloid-β dynamics in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Pyun
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Youn
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: SangYun Kim ✉
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23
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Zhang J, Jin J, Su D, Feng T, Zhao H. Tau-PET imaging in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1145939. [PMID: 37181568 PMCID: PMC10174250 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1145939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pathological tau accumulates in the cerebral cortex of Parkinson's disease (PD), resulting in cognitive deterioration. Positron emission tomography (PET) can be used for in vivo imaging of tau protein. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of tau protein burden in PD cognitive impairment (PDCI), PD dementia (PDD), and other neurodegenerative diseases and explored the potential of the tau PET tracer as a biomarker for the diagnosis of PDCI. Methods PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies published till 1 June 2022 that used PET imaging to detect tau burden in the brains of PD patients. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) of tau tracer uptake were calculated using random effects models. Subgroup analysis based on the type of tau tracers, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis was conducted. Results A total of 15 eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis. PDCI patients (n = 109) had a significantly higher tau tracer uptake in the inferior temporal lobe than healthy controls (HCs) (n = 237) and had a higher tau tracer uptake in the entorhinal region than PD with normal cognition (PDNC) patients (n = 61). Compared with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients (n = 215), PD patients (n = 178) had decreased tau tracer uptake in the midbrain, subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus, cerebellar deep white matter, thalamus, striatum, substantia nigra, dentate nucleus, red nucleus, putamen, and frontal lobe. Tau tracer uptake values of PD patients (n = 178) were lower than those of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 122) in the frontal lobe and occipital lobe and lower than those in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) (n = 55) in the occipital lobe and infratemporal lobe. Conclusion In vivo imaging studies with PET could reveal region-specific binding patterns of the tau tracer in PD patients and help in the differential diagnosis of PD from other neurodegenerative diseases. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianing Jin
- Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongning Su
- Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Feng
| | - Huiqing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Huiqing Zhao
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24
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Andrade EIN, Manxhari C, Smith KM. Pausing before verb production is associated with mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1102024. [PMID: 37113321 PMCID: PMC10126398 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1102024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive dysfunction and communication impairment are common and disabling symptoms in Parkinson's Disease (PD). Action verb deficits occur in PD, but it remains unclear if these impairments are related to motor system dysfunction and/or cognitive decline. The objective of our study was to evaluate relative contributions of cognitive and motor dysfunction to action verb production in naturalistic speech of patients with PD. We proposed that pausing before action-related language is associated with cognitive dysfunction and may serve as a marker of mild cognitive impairment in PD. Method Participants with PD (n = 92) were asked to describe the Cookie Theft picture. Speech files were transcribed, segmented into utterances, and verbs classified as action or non-action (auxiliary). We measured silent pauses before verbs and before utterances containing verbs of different classes. Cognitive assessment included Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and neuropsychological tests to categorize PD participants as normal cognition (PD-NC) or mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) based on Movement Disorders Society (MDS) Task Force Tier II criteria. Motor symptoms were assessed using MDS-UPDRS. We performed Wilcoxon rank sum tests to identify differences in pausing between PD-NC and PD-MCI. Logistic regression models using PD-MCI as dependent variables were used to evaluate the association between pause variables and cognitive status. Results Participants with PD-MCI demonstrated more pausing before and within utterances compared to PD-NC, and the duration of these pauses were correlated with MoCA but not motor severity (MDS-UPDRS). Logistic regression models demonstrated that pauses before action utterances were associated with PD-MCI status, whereas pauses before non-action utterances were not significantly associated with cognitive diagnosis. Conclusion We characterized pausing patterns in spontaneous speech in PD-MCI, including analysis of pause location with respect to verb class. We identified associations between cognitive status and pausing before utterances containing action verbs. Evaluation of verb-related pauses may be developed into a potentially powerful speech marker tool to detect early cognitive decline in PD and better understand linguistic dysfunction in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Manxhari
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Kara M. Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Kara M. Smith,
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25
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Coughlin DG, Hiniker A, Peterson C, Kim Y, Arezoumandan S, Giannini L, Pizzo D, Weintraub D, Siderowf A, Litvan I, Rissman RA, Galasko D, Hansen L, Trojanowski JQ, Lee E, Grossman M, Irwin D. Digital Histological Study of Neocortical Grey and White Matter Tau Burden Across Tauopathies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 81:953-964. [PMID: 36269086 PMCID: PMC9677241 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
3R/4R-tau species are found in Alzheimer disease (AD) and ∼50% of Lewy body dementias at autopsy (LBD+tau); 4R-tau accumulations are found in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). Digital image analysis techniques can elucidate patterns of tau pathology more precisely than traditional methods but repeatability across centers is unclear. We calculated regional percentage areas occupied by tau pathological inclusions from the middle frontal cortex (MFC), superior temporal cortex (STC), and angular gyrus (ANG) from cases from the University of Pennsylvania and the University of California San Diego with AD, LBD+tau, PSP, or CBD (n = 150) using QuPath. In both cohorts, AD and LBD+tau had the highest grey and white matter tau burden in the STC (p ≤ 0.04). White matter tau burden was relatively higher in 4R-tauopathies than 3R/4R-tauopathies (p < 0.003). Grey and white matter tau were correlated in all diseases (R2=0.43-0.79, p < 0.04) with the greatest increase of white matter per unit grey matter tau observed in PSP (p < 0.02 both cohorts). Grey matter tau negatively correlated with MMSE in AD and LBD+tau (r = -4.4 to -5.4, p ≤ 0.02). These data demonstrate the feasibility of cross-institutional digital histology studies that generate finely grained measurements of pathology which can be used to support biomarker development and models of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Coughlin
- From the Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Annie Hiniker
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Claire Peterson
- Digital Neuropathology Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yongya Kim
- From the Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sanaz Arezoumandan
- Digital Neuropathology Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lucia Giannini
- Digital Neuropathology Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Alzheimer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Donald Pizzo
- Center for Advanced Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Siderowf
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Irene Litvan
- From the Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert A Rissman
- From the Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Douglas Galasko
- From the Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lawrence Hansen
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Irwin
- Digital Neuropathology Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Edelmann MR. Radiolabelling small and biomolecules for tracking and monitoring. RSC Adv 2022; 12:32383-32400. [PMID: 36425706 PMCID: PMC9650631 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06236d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiolabelling small molecules with beta-emitters has been intensively explored in the last decades and novel concepts for the introduction of radionuclides continue to be reported regularly. New catalysts that induce carbon/hydrogen activation are able to incorporate isotopes such as deuterium or tritium into small molecules. However, these established labelling approaches have limited applicability for nucleic acid-based drugs, therapeutic antibodies, or peptides, which are typical of the molecules now being investigated as novel therapeutic modalities. These target molecules are usually larger (significantly >1 kDa), mostly multiply charged, and often poorly soluble in organic solvents. However, in preclinical research they often require radiolabelling in order to track and monitor drug candidates in metabolism, biotransformation, or pharmacokinetic studies. Currently, the most established approach to introduce a tritium atom into an oligonucleotide is based on a multistep synthesis, which leads to a low specific activity with a high level of waste and high costs. The most common way of tritiating peptides is using appropriate precursors. The conjugation of a radiolabelled prosthetic compound to a functional group within a protein sequence is a commonly applied way to introduce a radionuclide or a fluorescent tag into large molecules. This review highlights the state-of-the-art in different radiolabelling approaches for oligonucleotides, peptides, and proteins, as well as a critical assessment of the impact of the label on the properties of the modified molecules. Furthermore, applications of radiolabelled antibodies in biodistribution studies of immune complexes and imaging of brain targets are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Edelmann
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Therapeutic Modalities, Small Molecule Research, Isotope Synthesis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd CH-4070 Basel Switzerland
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Implication of EEG theta/alpha and theta/beta ratio in Alzheimer's and Lewy body disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18706. [PMID: 36333386 PMCID: PMC9636216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the patterns of quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Lewy body disease (LBD), and mixed disease. Sixteen patients with AD, 38 with LBD, 20 with mixed disease, and 17 control participants were recruited and underwent EEG. The theta/alpha ratio and theta/beta ratio were measured. The relationship of the log-transformed theta/alpha ratio (TAR) and theta/beta ratio (TBR) with the disease group, the presence of AD and LBD, and clinical symptoms were evaluated. Participants in the LBD and mixed disease groups had higher TBR in all lobes except for occipital lobe than those in the control group. The presence of LBD was independently associated with higher TBR in all lobes and higher central and parietal TAR, while the presence of AD was not. Among cognitively impaired patients, higher TAR was associated with the language, memory, and visuospatial dysfunction, while higher TBR was associated with the memory and frontal/executive dysfunction. Increased TBR in all lobar regions and temporal TAR were associated with the hallucinations, while cognitive fluctuations and the severity of Parkinsonism were not. Increased TBR could be a biomarker for LBD, independent of AD, while the presence of mixed disease could be reflected as increased TAR.
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Baiardi S, Quadalti C, Mammana A, Dellavalle S, Zenesini C, Sambati L, Pantieri R, Polischi B, Romano L, Suffritti M, Bentivenga GM, Randi V, Stanzani-Maserati M, Capellari S, Parchi P. Diagnostic value of plasma p-tau181, NfL, and GFAP in a clinical setting cohort of prevalent neurodegenerative dementias. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:153. [PMID: 36221099 PMCID: PMC9555092 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence supports the use of plasma biomarkers of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation to screen and diagnose patients with dementia. However, confirmatory studies are required to demonstrate their usefulness in the clinical setting. Methods We evaluated plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from consecutive patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (n = 59), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) (n = 31), corticobasal syndrome (CBS) (n = 29), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) (n = 49), Alzheimer disease (AD) (n = 97), and suspected non-AD physiopathology (n = 51), as well as plasma samples from 60 healthy controls (HC). We measured neurofilament light chain (NfL), phospho-tau181 (p-tau181), and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) using Simoa (all plasma biomarkers and CSF GFAP), CLEIA (CSF p-tau181), and ELISA (CSF NfL) assays. Additionally, we stratified patients according to the A/T/N classification scheme and the CSF α-synuclein real-time quaking-induced conversion assay (RT-QuIC) results. Results We found good correlations between CSF and plasma biomarkers for NfL (rho = 0.668, p < 0.001) and p-tau181 (rho = 0.619, p < 0.001). Plasma NfL was significantly higher in disease groups than in HC and showed a greater increase in FTD than in AD [44.9 (28.1–68.6) vs. 21.9 (17.0–27.9) pg/ml, p < 0.001]. Conversely, plasma p-tau181 and GFAP levels were significantly higher in AD than in FTD [3.2 (2.4–4.3) vs. 1.1 (0.7–1.6) pg/ml, p < 0.001; 404.7 (279.7–503.0) vs. 198.2 (143.9–316.8) pg/ml, p < 0.001]. GFAP also allowed discriminating disease groups from HC. In the distinction between FTD and AD, plasma p-tau181 showed better accuracy (AUC 0.964) than NfL (AUC 0.791) and GFAP (AUC 0.818). In DLB and CBS, CSF amyloid positive (A+) subjects had higher plasma p-tau181 and GFAP levels than A− individuals. CSF RT-QuIC showed positive α-synuclein seeding activity in 96% DLB and 15% AD patients with no differences in plasma biomarker levels in those stratified by RT-QuIC result. Conclusions In a single-center clinical cohort, we confirm the high diagnostic value of plasma p-tau181 for distinguishing FTD from AD and plasma NfL for discriminating degenerative dementias from HC. Plasma GFAP alone differentiates AD from FTD and neurodegenerative dementias from HC but with lower accuracy than p-tau181 and NfL. In CBS and DLB, plasma p-tau181 and GFAP levels are significantly influenced by beta-amyloid pathology. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-022-01093-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Baiardi
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy ,grid.492077.fIRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 1/8, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Corinne Quadalti
- grid.492077.fIRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 1/8, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Mammana
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy ,grid.492077.fIRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 1/8, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Dellavalle
- grid.492077.fIRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 1/8, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Corrado Zenesini
- grid.492077.fIRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 1/8, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa Sambati
- grid.492077.fIRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 1/8, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Pantieri
- grid.492077.fIRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 1/8, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Polischi
- grid.492077.fIRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 1/8, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciano Romano
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences University of Bologna (DIBINEM), Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Suffritti
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences University of Bologna (DIBINEM), Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mario Bentivenga
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences University of Bologna (DIBINEM), Bologna, Italy
| | - Vanda Randi
- Emilia-Romagna Regional Blood Bank, Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine Service, Bologna Metropolitan Area, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Sabina Capellari
- grid.492077.fIRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 1/8, 40139 Bologna, Italy ,grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences University of Bologna (DIBINEM), Bologna, Italy
| | - Piero Parchi
- grid.492077.fIRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 1/8, 40139 Bologna, Italy ,grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences University of Bologna (DIBINEM), Bologna, Italy
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Tábuas-Pereira M, Guerreiro R, Kun-Rodrigues C, Almeida MR, Brás J, Santana I. Whole-exome sequencing reveals PSEN1 and ATP7B combined variants as a possible cause of early-onset Lewy body dementia: a case study of genotype-phenotype correlation. Neurogenetics 2022; 23:279-283. [PMID: 36114914 PMCID: PMC9669161 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-022-00699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies is a neurodegenerative disease, sharing features with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. We report a case of a patient dementia with Lewy bodies carrying combined PSEN1 and ATP7B mutations. A man developed dementia with Lewy bodies starting at the age of 60 years. CSF biomarkers were of Alzheimer's disease and DaTSCAN was abnormal. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous p.Ile408Thr PSEN1 variant and a homozygous p.Arg616Trp ATP7B variant. This case reinstates the need of considering ATP7B mutations when evaluating a patient with parkinsonism and supports p.Ile408Thr as a pathogenic PSEN1 variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Tábuas-Pereira
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar E Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-045, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Centro Académico Clínico de Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Célia Kun-Rodrigues
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Maria Rosário Almeida
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Brás
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Isabel Santana
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar E Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-045, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centro Académico Clínico de Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Xu C, Zhao L, Dong C. A Review of Application of Aβ42/40 Ratio in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:495-512. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The number of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and non-Alzheimer’s disease (non-AD) has drastically increased over recent decades. The amyloid cascade hypothesis attributes a vital role to amyloid-β protein (Aβ) in the pathogenesis of AD. As the main pathological hallmark of AD, amyloid plaques consist of merely the 42 and 40 amino acid variants of Aβ (Aβ 42 and Aβ 40). The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker Aβ 42/40 has been extensively investigated and eventually integrated into important diagnostic tools to support the clinical diagnosis of AD. With the development of highly sensitive assays and technologies, blood-based Aβ 42/40, which was obtained using a minimally invasive and cost-effective method, has been proven to be abnormal in synchrony with CSF biomarker values. This paper presents the recent progress of the CSF Aβ 42/40 ratio and plasma Aβ 42/40 for AD as well as their potential clinical application as diagnostic markers or screening tools for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chunbo Dong
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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31
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Mattioli P, Pardini M, Girtler N, Brugnolo A, Orso B, Andrea D, Calizzano F, Mancini R, Massa F, Michele T, Bauckneht M, Morbelli S, Sambuceti G, Flavio N, Arnaldi D. Cognitive and Brain Metabolism Profiles of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Prodromal Alpha-Synucleinopathy. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:433-444. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a heterogeneous condition. Idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) can be associated with MCI (MCI-RBD). Objective: To investigate neuropsychological and brain metabolism features of patients with MCI-RBD by comparison with matched MCI-AD patients. To explore their predictive value toward conversion to a full-blown neurodegenerative disease. Methods: Seventeen MCI-RBD patients (73.6±6.5 years) were enrolled. Thirty-four patients with MCI-AD were matched for age (74.8±4.4 years), Mini-Mental State Exam score and education with a case-control criterion. All patients underwent a neuropsychological assessment and brain 18F-FDG-PET. Images were compared between groups to identify hypometabolic volumes of interest (MCI-RBD-VOI and MCI-AD-VOI). The dependency of whole-brain scaled metabolism levels in MCI-RBD-VOI and MCI-AD-VOI on neuropsychological test scores was explored with linear regression analyses in both groups, adjusting for age and education. Survival analysis was performed to investigate VOIs phenoconversion prediction power. Results: MCI-RBD group scored lower in executive functions and higher in verbal memory compared to MCI-AD group. Also, compared with MCI-AD, MCI-RBD group showed relative hypometabolism in a posterior brain area including cuneus, precuneus, and occipital regions while the inverse comparison revealed relative hypometabolism in the hippocampus/parahippocampal areas in MCI-AD group. MCI-RBD-VOI metabolism directly correlated with executive functions in MCI-RBD (p = 0.04). MCI-AD-VOI metabolism directly correlated with verbal memory in MCI-AD (p = 0.001). MCI-RBD-VOI metabolism predicted (p = 0.03) phenoconversion to an alpha-synucleinopathy. MCI-AD-VOI metabolism showed a trend (p = 0.07) in predicting phenoconversion to dementia. Conclusion: MCI-RBD and MCI-AD showed distinct neuropsychological and brain metabolism profiles, that may be helpful for both diagnosis and prognosis purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Mattioli
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Pardini
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola Girtler
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Clinical Psychology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Brugnolo
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Clinical Psychology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Orso
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Donniaquio Andrea
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Mancini
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Massa
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Terzaghi Michele
- Unit of Sleep Medicine and Epilepsy, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Bauckneht
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Dept. of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Dept. of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianmario Sambuceti
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Dept. of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nobili Flavio
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Dario Arnaldi
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Iba M, McDevitt RA, Kim C, Roy R, Sarantopoulou D, Tommer E, Siegars B, Sallin M, Kwon S, Sen JM, Sen R, Masliah E. Aging exacerbates the brain inflammatory micro-environment contributing to α-synuclein pathology and functional deficits in a mouse model of DLB/PD. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:60. [PMID: 36064424 PMCID: PMC9447339 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although ɑ-synuclein (ɑ-syn) spreading in age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) has been extensively investigated, the role of aging in the manifestation of disease remains unclear. METHODS We explored the role of aging and inflammation in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies in a mouse model of DLB/PD initiated by intrastriatal injection of ɑ-syn preformed fibrils (pff). RESULTS We found that aged mice showed more extensive accumulation of ɑ-syn in selected brain regions and behavioral deficits that were associated with greater infiltration of T cells and microgliosis. Microglial inflammatory gene expression induced by ɑ-syn-pff injection in young mice had hallmarks of aged microglia, indicating that enhanced age-associated pathologies may result from inflammatory synergy between aging and the effects of ɑ-syn aggregation. Based on the transcriptomics analysis projected from Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, we found a network that included colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), LPS related genes, TNFɑ and poly rl:rC-RNA as common regulators. CONCLUSIONS We propose that aging related inflammation (eg: CSF2) influences outcomes of pathological spreading of ɑ-syn and suggest that targeting neuro-immune responses might be important in developing treatments for DLB/PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Iba
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ross A McDevitt
- Mouse Phenotyping Unit, Comparative Medicine Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Changyoun Kim
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Roshni Roy
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Dimitra Sarantopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ella Tommer
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Byron Siegars
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Michelle Sallin
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Somin Kwon
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jyoti Misra Sen
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Immunology Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ranjan Sen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Immunology Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Molecular Neuropathology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Division of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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Real-World Testing of a Machine Learning-Derived Visual Scale for Tc99m TRODAT-1 for Diagnosing Lewy Body Disease: Comparison with a Traditional Approach Using Semiquantification. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091369. [PMID: 36143154 PMCID: PMC9505116 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Abnormal dopamine transporter (DAT) uptake is an important biomarker for diagnosing Lewy body disease (LBD), including Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We evaluated a machine learning-derived visual scale (ML-VS) for Tc99m TRODAT-1 from one center and compared it with the striatal/background ratio (SBR) using semiquantification for diagnosing LBD in two other centers. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of data from a history-based computerized dementia diagnostic system. MT-VS and SBR among normal controls (NCs) and patients with PD, PD with dementia (PDD), DLB, or Alzheimer’s disease (AD) were compared. Results: We included 715 individuals, including 122 NCs, 286 patients with PD, 40 with AD, 179 with DLB, and 88 with PDD. Compared with NCs, patients with PD exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of abnormal DAT uptake using all methods. Compared with the AD group, PDD and DLB groups exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of abnormal DAT uptake using all methods. The distribution of ML-VS was significantly different between PD and NC, DLB and AD, and PDD and AD groups (all p < 0.001). The correlation coefficient of ML-VS/SBR in all participants was 0.679. Conclusions: The ML-VS designed in one center is useful for differentiating PD from NC, DLB from AD, and PDD from AD in other centers. Its correlation with traditional approaches using different scanning machines is also acceptable. Future studies should develop models using data pools from multiple centers for increasing diagnostic accuracy.
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Bluhm A, Schrempel S, Schilling S, von Hörsten S, Schulze A, Roßner S, Hartlage-Rübsamen M. Immunohistochemical Demonstration of the pGlu79 α-Synuclein Fragment in Alzheimer’s Disease and Its Tg2576 Mouse Model. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12071006. [PMID: 35883562 PMCID: PMC9312983 DOI: 10.3390/biom12071006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The deposition of β-amyloid peptides and of α-synuclein proteins is a neuropathological hallmark in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) subjects, respectively. However, there is accumulative evidence that both proteins are not exclusive for their clinical entity but instead co-exist and interact with each other. Here, we investigated the presence of a newly identified, pyroglutamate79-modified α-synuclein variant (pGlu79-aSyn)—along with the enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and glutaminyl cyclase (QC) implicated in its formation—in AD and in the transgenic Tg2576 AD mouse model. In the human brain, pGlu79-aSyn was detected in cortical pyramidal neurons, with more distinct labeling in AD compared to control brain tissue. Using immunohistochemical double and triple labelings and confocal laser scanning microscopy, we demonstrate an association of pGlu79-aSyn, MMP-3 and QC with β-amyloid plaques. In addition, pGlu79-aSyn and QC were present in amyloid plaque-associated reactive astrocytes that were also immunoreactive for the chaperone heat shock protein 27 (HSP27). Our data are consistent for the transgenic mouse model and the human clinical condition. We conclude that pGlu79-aSyn can be generated extracellularly or within reactive astrocytes, accumulates in proximity to β-amyloid plaques and induces an astrocytic protein unfolding mechanism involving HSP27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bluhm
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.B.); (Sa.S.); (M.H.-R.)
| | - Sarah Schrempel
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.B.); (Sa.S.); (M.H.-R.)
| | - Stephan Schilling
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (S.S.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Applied Biosciences and Process Engineering, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06366 Köthen, Germany
| | - Stephan von Hörsten
- Department for Experimental Therapy, University Clinics Erlangen and Preclinical Experimental Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Anja Schulze
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (S.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Steffen Roßner
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.B.); (Sa.S.); (M.H.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341-9725758
| | - Maike Hartlage-Rübsamen
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.B.); (Sa.S.); (M.H.-R.)
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Cheng GWY, Mok KKS, Yeung SHS, Kofler J, Herrup K, Tse KH. Apolipoprotein E ε4 Mediates Myelin Breakdown by Targeting Oligodendrocytes in Sporadic Alzheimer Disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 81:717-730. [PMID: 35779013 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
White matter degradation in the frontal lobe is one of the earliest detectable changes in aging and Alzheimer disease. The ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE4) is strongly associated with such myelin pathology but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain obscure. We hypothesized that, as a lipid transporter, APOE4 directly triggers pathology in the cholesterol-rich myelin sheath independent of AD pathology. To test this, we performed immunohistochemistry on brain tissues from healthy controls, sporadic, and familial Alzheimer disease subjects. While myelin basic protein expression was largely unchanged, in frontal cortex the number of oligodendrocytes (OLs) was significantly reduced in APOE4 brains independent of their Braak stage or NIA-RI criteria. This high vulnerability of OLs was confirmed in humanized APOE3 or APOE4 transgenic mice. A gradual decline of OL numbers was found in the aging brain without associated neuronal loss. Importantly, the application of lipidated human APOE4, but not APOE3, proteins significantly reduced the formation of myelinating OL in primary cell culture derived from Apoe-knockout mice, especially in cholesterol-depleted conditions. Our findings suggest that the disruption of myelination in APOE4 carriers may represent a direct OL pathology, rather than an indirect consequence of amyloid plaque formation or neuronal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Wai-Yeung Cheng
- From the Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kingston King-Shi Mok
- From the Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sunny Hoi-Sang Yeung
- From the Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Julia Kofler
- Division of Neuropathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karl Herrup
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kai-Hei Tse
- From the Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
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Jellinger KA. Are there morphological differences between Parkinson's disease-dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 100:24-32. [PMID: 35691178 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are two major neurocognitive disorders in the spectrum of Lewy body diseases that overlap in many clinical and neuropathological features, although they show several differences. Clinically distinguished mainly based on the duration of parkinsonism prior to development of dementia, their morphology is characterized by a variable combination of Lewy body (LB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies, the latter usually being more frequent and severe in DLB. OBJECTIVE The aims of the study were to investigate essential neuropathological differences between PDD and DLB in a larger cohort of autopsy cases. METHODS 110 PDD autopsy cases were compared with 78 DLB cases. The major demographic, clinical (duration of illness, final MMSE) and neuropathological data were assessed retrospectively. Neuropathological studies used standardized methods and immunohistochemistry for phospho-tau, β-amyloid (Aß) and α-synuclein, with semiquantitative assessment of the major histological lesions. RESULTS PDD patients were significantly older at death than DLB ones (mean 83.9 vs. 79.8 years), with a significantly longer disease duration (mean 9.2 vs. 6.7 years). Braak LB scores and particularly neuritic Braak stages were significantly higher in the DLB group (mean 5.1and 5.1 vs. 4.2 and 4.4, respectively), as were Thal Aβ phases (mean 4.1 vs. 3.0). Diffuse striatal Aβ plaques were considerable in 55% and moderate in 45% of DLB cases, but were extremely rare in PDD. The most significant differences concerned the frequency and degree of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), being significantly higher in DLB (98.7 vs. 50%, and mean degree of 2.9 vs. 0.72, respectively). Worse prognosis in DLB than in PDD was linked to both increased Braak neuritic stages and more severe CAA. INTERPRETATION These and other recent studies imply the association of CAA, more severe concomitant AD pathology, and striatal Aβ load with cognitive decline and more rapid disease process that distinguishes DLB from PDD, while the influence of other cerebrovascular diseases or co-pathologies in both disorders was not specifically examined. The importance of both CAA and tau pathology in DLB and much less in PDD supports the concept of a pathogenetic continuum from Parkinson's disease (PD) - > PDD - > DLB - > DLB + AD and subtypes of AD with LB pathology within the spectrum of age-related proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Jellinger
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Vienna, Austria, Alberichgasse 5/13, A-1150, Vienna, Austria.
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Bayram E, Coughlin DG, Litvan I. Sex Differences for Clinical Correlates of Alzheimer's Pathology in People with Lewy Body Pathology. Mov Disord 2022; 37:1505-1515. [PMID: 35531707 PMCID: PMC9308759 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lewy body (LB) dementias have limited clinical diagnostic accuracy because of frequent copathologies contributing to clinical heterogeneity. Although sex differences in clinical prevalence and frequency of pure LB pathology were shown, differences for clinicopathological correlations are less known. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine sex differences for clinical associations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) copathology in those with LB pathology. METHODS Data were from National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center for 223 women and 468 men with limbic or neocortical LB, separated into two groups as those with high likelihood and low/intermediate likelihood for LB clinical phenotype based on pathology. Clinical associations of sex and interaction of sex and pathology for the clinical phenotype were analyzed. RESULTS More severe AD copathology was associated with worse cognitive decline and lower likelihood of LB disease clinical phenotype. Women with more severe AD copathology and tau had worse cognitive decline and higher likelihood of AD clinical phenotype than men. Men with more severe AD copathology had lower likelihood of LB clinical phenotype than women. Interaction of sex and pathology was more pronounced in those aged between 70 and 80 years. CONCLUSIONS AD copathology reduces the likelihood of LB clinical phenotype for both women and men; however, men may be at higher risk for LB disease underdiagnosis and women at higher risk for dementia. The use of both LB and AD biomarkers, even when LB or AD pathology is not clinically expected, is necessary for the accurate clinical diagnosis of both LB diseases and AD. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Bayram
- Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego
| | - David G. Coughlin
- Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego
| | - Irene Litvan
- Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego
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Ingram M, Colloby SJ, Firbank MJ, Lloyd JJ, O'Brien JT, Taylor JP. Spatial covariance analysis of FDG-PET and HMPAO-SPECT for the differential diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 322:111460. [PMID: 35247828 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated diagnostic characteristics of spatial covariance analysis (SCA) of FDG-PET and HMPAO-SPECT scans in the differential diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), in comparison with visual ratings and region of interest (ROI) analysis. Sixty-seven patients (DLB 29, AD 38) had both HMPAO-SPECT and FDG-PET scans. Spatial covariance patterns were used to separate AD and DLB in an initial derivation group (DLB n=15, AD n=19), before being forward applied to an independent group (DLB n=14, AD n=19). Visual ratings were by consensus, with ROI analysis utilising medial occipital/medial temporal uptake ratios. SCA of HMPAO-SPECT performed poorly (AUC 0.59±0.10), whilst SCA of FDG-PET (AUC 0.83±0.07) was significantly better. For FDG-PET, SCA showed similar diagnostic performance to ROI analysis (AUC 0.84±0.08) and visual rating (AUC 0.82±0.08). In contrast to ROI analysis, there was little concordance between SCA and visual ratings of FDG-PET scans. We conclude that SCA of FDG-PET outperforms that of HMPAO-SPECT. SCA of FDG-PET also performed similarly to the other analytical approaches, despite the limitations of a relatively small SCA derivation group. Compared to visual rating, SCA of FDG-PET relies on different sources of group variance to separate DLB from AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ingram
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Sean J Colloby
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Firbank
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jim J Lloyd
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John T O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
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Zehravi M, Kabir J, Akter R, Malik S, Ashraf GM, Tagde P, Ramproshad S, Mondal B, Rahman MH, Mohan AG, Cavalu S. A Prospective Viewpoint on Neurological Diseases and Their Biomarkers. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113516. [PMID: 35684455 PMCID: PMC9182418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are disorders that affect both the central and peripheral nervous systems. To name a few causes, NDDs can be caused by ischemia, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cell stress, inflammation, abnormal protein deposition in neural tissue, autoimmune-mediated neuron loss, and viral or prion infections. These conditions include Alzheimer's disease (AD), Lewy body dementia (LBD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). The formation of β-sheet-rich aggregates of intra- or extracellular proteins in the CNS hallmarks all neurodegenerative proteinopathies. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), numerous organs, including the central nervous system (CNS), are affected. However, the inflammatory process is linked to several neurodegenerative pathways that are linked to depression because of NDDs. Pro-inflammatory signals activated by aging may increase vulnerability to neuropsychiatric disorders. Viruses may increase macrophages and CCR5+ T cells within the CNS during dementia formation and progression. Unlike medical symptoms, which are just signs of a patient's health as expressed and perceived, biomarkers are reproducible and quantitative. Therefore, this current review will highlight and summarize the neurological disorders and their biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Girls Section, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (M.H.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Janisa Kabir
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Rokeya Akter
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, Wonju 26426, Korea;
| | - Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834001, India;
| | - Ghulam Md. Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Priti Tagde
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201301, India;
| | - Sarker Ramproshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Ranada Prasad Shaha University, Narayanganj 1400, Bangladesh; (S.R.); (B.M.)
| | - Banani Mondal
- Department of Pharmacy, Ranada Prasad Shaha University, Narayanganj 1400, Bangladesh; (S.R.); (B.M.)
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, Wonju 26426, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (M.H.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Aurel George Mohan
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (M.H.R.); (S.C.)
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The Role of Tau beyond Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040760. [PMID: 35453510 PMCID: PMC9026415 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a need for reliable fluid biomarkers to improve differential diagnosis, prognosis, and the prediction of treatment response, particularly in the management of neurogenerative diseases that display an extreme variability in clinical phenotypes. In recent years, Tau protein has been progressively recognized as a valuable neuronal biomarker in several neurological conditions, not only Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cerebrospinal fluid and serum Tau have been extensively investigated in several neurodegenerative disorders, from classically defined proteinopathy, e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD), but also in inflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), as a marker of axonal damage. In MS, total Tau (t-Tau) may represent, along with other proteins, a marker with diagnostic and prognostic value. In ALS, t-Tau and, mainly, the phosphorylated-Tau/t-Tau ratio alone or integrated with transactive DNA binding protein of ~43 kDa (TDP-43), may represent a tool for both diagnosis and differential diagnosis of other motoneuron diseases or tauopathies. Evidence indicated the crucial role of the Tau protein in the pathogenesis of PD and other parkinsonian disorders. This narrative review summarizes current knowledge regarding non-AD neurodegenerative diseases and the Tau protein.
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Lee YG, Jeon S, Park M, Kang SW, Yoon SH, Baik K, Lee PH, Sohn YH, Ye BS. Effects of Alzheimer and Lewy Body Disease Pathologies on Brain Metabolism. Ann Neurol 2022; 91:853-863. [PMID: 35307860 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the pattern of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) related to postmortem Lewy body disease (LBD) pathology in clinical Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS FDG-PET scans were analyzed in 62 autopsy-confirmed patients and 110 controls in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Based on neuropathologic evaluations on Braak stage for neurofibrillary tangle, Consortium to Establish a Registry for AD score for neuritic plaque, and Lewy-related pathology, subjects were classified into AD(-)/LBD(-), AD(-)/LBD(+), AD(+)/LBD(-), and AD(+)/LBD(+) groups. The association between postmortem LBD and AD pathologies and antemortem brain metabolism was evaluated. RESULTS AD and LBD pathologies had significant interaction effects to decrease metabolism in the cerebellar vermis, bilateral caudate, putamen, basal frontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex in addition to the left side of the entorhinal cortex and amygdala, and significant interaction effects to increase metabolism in the bilateral parietal and occipital cortices. LBD pathology was associated with hypermetabolism in the cerebellar vermis, bilateral putamen, anterior cingulate cortex, and basal frontal cortex, corresponding to the Lewy body-related hypermetabolic patterns. AD pathology was associated with hypometabolism in the bilateral hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and posterior cingulate cortex regardless of LBD pathology, whereas LBD pathology was associated with hypermetabolism in the bilateral putamen and anterior cingulate cortex regardless of AD pathology. INTERPRETATION Postmortem LBD and AD pathologies had significant interaction effects on the antemortem brain metabolism in clinical AD patients. Specific metabolic patterns related to AD and LBD pathologies could be elucidated when simultaneously considering the two pathologies. ANN NEUROL 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Gun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seun Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mincheol Park
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Woo Kang
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Hoon Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoungwon Baik
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung Seok Ye
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Fixemer S, Ameli C, Hammer G, Salamanca L, Uriarte Huarte O, Schwartz C, Gérardy JJ, Mechawar N, Skupin A, Mittelbronn M, Bouvier DS. Microglia phenotypes are associated with subregional patterns of concomitant tau, amyloid-β and α-synuclein pathologies in the hippocampus of patients with Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:36. [PMID: 35296366 PMCID: PMC8925098 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular alterations of the hippocampus lead to memory decline, a shared symptom between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) patients. However, the subregional deterioration pattern of the hippocampus differs between AD and DLB with the CA1 subfield being more severely affected in AD. The activation of microglia, the brain immune cells, could play a role in its selective volume loss. How subregional microglia populations vary within AD or DLB and across these conditions remains poorly understood. Furthermore, how the nature of the hippocampal local pathological imprint is associated with microglia responses needs to be elucidated. To this purpose, we employed an automated pipeline for analysis of 3D confocal microscopy images to assess CA1, CA3 and DG/CA4 subfields microglia responses in post-mortem hippocampal samples from late-onset AD (n = 10), DLB (n = 8) and age-matched control (CTL) (n = 11) individuals. In parallel, we performed volumetric analyses of hyperphosphorylated tau (pTau), amyloid-β (Aβ) and phosphorylated α-synuclein (pSyn) loads. For each of the 32,447 extracted microglia, 16 morphological features were measured to classify them into seven distinct morphological clusters. Our results show similar alterations of microglial morphological features and clusters in AD and DLB, but with more prominent changes in AD. We identified two distinct microglia clusters enriched in disease conditions and particularly increased in CA1 and DG/CA4 of AD and CA3 of DLB. Our study confirms frequent concomitance of pTau, Aβ and pSyn loads across AD and DLB but reveals a specific subregional pattern for each type of pathology, along with a generally increased severity in AD. Furthermore, pTau and pSyn loads were highly correlated across subregions and conditions. We uncovered tight associations between microglial changes and the subfield pathological imprint. Our findings suggest that combinations and severity of subregional pTau, Aβ and pSyn pathologies transform local microglia phenotypic composition in the hippocampus. The high burdens of pTau and pSyn associated with increased microglial alterations could be a factor in CA1 vulnerability in AD.
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Neuropathological substrates of cognition in Parkinson's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 269:177-193. [PMID: 35248194 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Autopsy validation is still required for a definitive diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (Postuma et al., 2015), where the presence of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, composed primarily of alpha-synuclein, are observed in stereotyped patterns throughout regions of the brainstem, limbic, and neocortical regions of the brain (Braak et al., 2003). In spite of these relatively reliable observed patterns of alpha-synuclein pathology, there is a large degree of heterogeneity in the timing and features of neuropsychiatric and cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (Fereshtehnejad et al., 2015; Selikhova et al., 2009; Williams-Gray et al., 2013). Detailed studies of their neuropathological substrates of cognitive dysfunction and their associations with a variety of in vivo biomarkers have begun to disentangle this complex relationship, but ongoing multicentered, longitudinal studies of well-characterized and autopsy validated cases are still required.
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Pillai JA, Bena J, Rothenberg K, Boron B, Leverenz JB. Association of Variation in Behavioral Symptoms With Initial Cognitive Phenotype in Adults With Dementia Confirmed by Neuropathology. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e220729. [PMID: 35238936 PMCID: PMC8895258 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.0729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs) in association with amnestic and nonamnestic cognitive phenotypes have not been evaluated across diagnoses of Alzheimer disease pathology (ADP), Lewy body-related pathology (LRP), and mixed pathology (ADP-LRP). OBJECTIVES To determine the clinical phenotypes at the initial visit that are associated with the nature and severity of BPSDs in patients with ADP, LRP, and ADP-LRP. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective longitudinal cohort study included 2422 participants with neuropathologically confirmed ADP, LRP, or mixed ADP-LRP in the National Alzheimer Coordinating Center database from June 20, 2005, to September 4, 2019. Participants had a mean (SD) interval of 5.5 (2.8) years from initial visit to autopsy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Clinician-determined diagnosis of change across 10 BPSDs (agitation, apathy, depression, delusions, disinhibition, auditory hallucinations, visual hallucinations, irritability, personality change, and rapid eye movement [REM] sleep behavior) and the highest severity score for behavioral change on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q). RESULTS A total of 2422 participants (1187 with ADP, 904 with ADP-LRP, and 331 with LRP) were included in the analysis (1446 men [59.7%]; mean [SD] age, 74.4 [10.1] years). Compared with initial amnestic symptoms, executive symptoms were associated with a higher risk for 7 of the 10 BPSDs (hazard ratio [HR] range, 1.28-2.45), and visuospatial symptoms were associated with a higher risk for 2 of the 10 BPSDs (HR range, 1.91-2.51), but neither were associated with a low risk for any BPSD. Language symptoms were associated with a low risk of onset for 3 of 10 BPSDs (HR range, 0.43-0.79) and a high risk for 1 BPSD (personality change) (HR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.10-1.83]). Participants with LRP had a lower risk for agitation (HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.60-0.92]), disinhibition (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.62-0.99]), and irritability (HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.68-0.96]) and a higher risk for apathy (HR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.02-1.38]), depression (HR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.12-1.55]), auditory (HR, 2.00 [95% CI, 1.37-2.93]) and visual (HR, 2.78 [95% CI, 2.21-3.49]) hallucinations, and REM sleep behavior changes (HR, 4.77 [95% CI, 3.61-6.31]) compared with the ADP group. The ADP-LRP group had a higher risk for delusions (HR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.08-1.48]), auditory (HR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.21-2.15]) and visual (HR, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.30-1.89]) hallucinations, and REM sleep behavior changes (HR, 2.10 [95% CI, 1.63-2.70]) than the ADP group and a lower risk for visual hallucinations (HR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.45-0.71]) and REM sleep behavior changes (HR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.34-0.57) than the LRP group. Overall, women showed a lower risk of agitation (HR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.75-0.98]), apathy (HR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.71-0.87]), visual hallucinations (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.64-0.90]), irritability (HR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.69-0.86]), and REM sleep behavior change (HR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.35-0.58]) and a higher risk of depression (HR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.13-1.41]). Older age was associated with a lower risk of most BPSDs (HR range, 0.98-0.99) except delusions (HR, 1.00 [95% CI, 1.00-1.01]) and auditory hallucinations (HR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.97-1.00]) and a low NPI-Q composite score (β = -0.07 [95% CI, -0.08 to -0.05]; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that the risks of BPSDs differ with respect to the initial cognitive phenotype, underlying neuropathology, age, and sex. Awareness of these associations could be helpful in dementia management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagan A. Pillai
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - James Bena
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kasia Rothenberg
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Psychiatry, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Bryce Boron
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - James B. Leverenz
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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Zhang G, Meng L, Wang Z, Peng Q, Chen G, Xiong J, Zhang Z. Islet amyloid polypeptide cross-seeds tau and drives the neurofibrillary pathology in Alzheimer’s disease. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:12. [PMID: 35093145 PMCID: PMC8800231 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathologic accumulation and aggregation of tau is a hallmark of tauopathies including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the molecular mechanisms mediating tau aggregation in AD remain elusive. The incidence of AD is increased in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), which is characterized by the amyloid deposition of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) in the pancreas. However, the molecular mechanisms bridging AD and T2DM remain unknown. Methods We first examined the presence of IAPP in the neurofibrillary tangles of AD patients. Then we tested the effect of IAPP on tau aggregation. The biochemical and biological characteristics of the IAPP-tau fibrils were tested in vitro. The seeding activity and neurotoxicity of the IAPP-tau fibrils were confirmed in cultured neurons. Lastly, the effect of IAPP on tau pathology and cognitive impairments was determined by injecting the IAPP-tau fibrils and IAPP fibrils into the hippocampus of tau P301S mice. Results We found that IAPP interacts with tau and accelerates the formation of a more toxic strain, which shows distinct morphology with enhanced seeding activity and neurotoxicity in vitro. Intrahippocampal injection of the IAPP-tau strain into the tau P301S transgenic mice substantially promoted the spreading of tau pathology and induced more severe synapse loss and cognitive deficits, when compared with tau fibrils. Furthermore, intracerebral injection of synthetic IAPP fibrils initiated tauopathy in the brain of tau P301S transgenic mice. Conclusions These observations indicate that IAPP acts as a crucial mediator of tau pathology in AD, and provide a mechanistic explanation for the higher risk of AD in individuals with T2DM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13024-022-00518-y.
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Chua XY, Chong JR, Cheng AL, Lee JH, Ballard C, Aarsland D, Francis PT, Lai MKP. Elevation of inactive cleaved annexin A1 in the neocortex is associated with amyloid, inflammatory and apoptotic markers in neurodegenerative dementias. Neurochem Int 2022; 152:105251. [PMID: 34861326 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is usually a tightly regulated process whose termination by mediators including Annexin A1 (AnxA1) results in the resolution of inflammatory responses. In neurodegenerative dementias, chronic neuroinflammation, along with accumulation of aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides and apoptosis, has long been recognized to be a pathological hallmark; but it is unclear whether a failure of inflammation resolution contributes to this pathophysiological process. In this study, we measured AnxA1 immunoreactivities in postmortem neocortex (Brodmann areas BA9 and BA40) of well characterized Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) patients as well as aged controls. Inactive cleaved AnxA1 was found to be elevated in AD and DLB in BA40. Levels of cleaved AnxA1 also positively correlated with amyloidogenic brain Aβ, anti-inflammatory markers such as IL10 and IL13, as well as with the pro-apoptotic marker cleaved caspase-3 in BA40. Our findings suggest that elevated cleaved AnxA1 in neurodegenerative dementias may reflect a failure of inflammation resolution in certain regions of the diseased brain, and also support a mechanistic link between AnxA1 and amyloid pathology, neuroinflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ying Chua
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Joyce R Chong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore; Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Ai Ling Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Jasinda H Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Clive Ballard
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine (SESAM), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul T Francis
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore; Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore; College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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47
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Iwabuchi Y, Shiga T, Kameyama M, Miyazawa R, Seki M, Ito D, Uchida H, Tabuchi H, Jinzaki M. Striatal Dopaminergic Depletion Pattern Reflects Pathological Brain Perfusion Changes in Lewy Body Diseases. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:950-958. [PMID: 35701723 PMCID: PMC9681681 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In Lewy body diseases (LBD), various symptoms occur depending on the distribution of Lewy body in the brain, and the findings of brain perfusion and dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography (DAT-SPECT) also change accordingly. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between brain perfusion SPECT and quantitative indices calculated from DAT-SPECT in patients with LBD. PROCEDURES We retrospectively enrolled 35 patients with LBD who underwent brain perfusion SPECT with N-isopropyl-p-[123I] iodoamphetamine and DAT-SPECT with 123I-ioflupane. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) data were also collected from 19 patients. Quantitative indices (specific binding ratio [SBR], putamen-to-caudate ratio [PCR], and caudate-to-putamen ratio [CPR]) were calculated using DAT-SPECT. These data were analysed by the statistical parametric mapping procedure. RESULTS In patients with LBD, decreased PCR index correlated with hypoperfusion in the brainstem (medulla oblongata and midbrain) (uncorrected p < 0.001, k > 100), while decreased CPR index correlated with hypoperfusion in the right temporoparietal cortex (family-wise error corrected p < 0.05), right precuneus (uncorrected p < 0.001, k > 100), and bilateral temporal cortex (uncorrected p < 0.001, k > 100). However, there was no significant correlation between decreased SBR index and brain perfusion. Additionally, the MMSE score was correlated with hypoperfusion in the left temporoparietal cortex (uncorrected p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that regional changes in striatal 123I-ioflupane accumulation on DAT-SPECT are related to brain perfusion changes in patients with LBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Iwabuchi
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Shiga
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masashi Kameyama
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan ,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Raita Miyazawa
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morinobu Seki
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ito
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Tabuchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Jinzaki
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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48
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Pagan FL, Torres‐Yaghi Y, Hebron ML, Wilmarth B, Turner RS, Matar S, Ferrante D, Ahn J, Moussa C. Safety, target engagement, and biomarker effects of bosutinib in dementia with Lewy bodies. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2022; 8:e12296. [PMID: 35662832 PMCID: PMC9157583 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando L. Pagan
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism Department of Neurology Lewy Body Dementia Association Research Center of Excellence Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Movement Disorders Clinic Department of Neurology Washington DC USA
| | - Yasar Torres‐Yaghi
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism Department of Neurology Lewy Body Dementia Association Research Center of Excellence Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Movement Disorders Clinic Department of Neurology Washington DC USA
| | - Michaeline L. Hebron
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism Department of Neurology Lewy Body Dementia Association Research Center of Excellence Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA
| | - Barbara Wilmarth
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism Department of Neurology Lewy Body Dementia Association Research Center of Excellence Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Movement Disorders Clinic Department of Neurology Washington DC USA
| | - R. Scott Turner
- Memory Disorders Program Department of Neurology Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA
| | - Sara Matar
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism Department of Neurology Lewy Body Dementia Association Research Center of Excellence Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA
| | - Dalila Ferrante
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism Department of Neurology Lewy Body Dementia Association Research Center of Excellence Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA
| | - Jaeil Ahn
- Department of Biostatistics Bioinformatics and Biomathematics Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA
| | - Charbel Moussa
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism Department of Neurology Lewy Body Dementia Association Research Center of Excellence Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA
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49
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Reorganization of rich clubs in functional brain networks of dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 33:102930. [PMID: 34959050 PMCID: PMC8856913 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DLB and AD had the different functional reorganization patterns. Rich club nodes increased in frontal-parietal network in patients with DLB. The rich club nodes in temporal lobe decreased and those in cerebellum increased for AD. Compared with HC, rich club connectivity was enhanced in the DLB and AD groups.
The purpose of this study was to reveal the patterns of reorganization of rich club organization in brain functional networks in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The study found that the rich club node shifts from sensory/somatomotor network to fronto-parietal network in DLB. For AD, the rich club nodes switch between the temporal lobe with obvious structural atrophy and the frontal lobe, parietal lobe and cerebellum with relatively preserved structure and function. In addition, compared with healthy controls, rich club connectivity was enhanced in the DLB and AD groups. The connection strength of DLB patients was related to cognitive assessment. In conclusion, we revealed the different functional reorganization patterns of DLB and AD. The conversion and redistribution of rich club members may play a causal role in disease-specific outcomes. It may be used as a potential biomarker to provide more accurate prevention and treatment strategies.
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50
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Schumacher J, Gunter JL, Przybelski SA, Jones DT, Graff-Radford J, Savica R, Schwarz CG, Senjem ML, Jack CR, Lowe VJ, Knopman DS, Fields JA, Kremers WK, Petersen RC, Graff-Radford NR, Ferman TJ, Boeve BF, Thomas AJ, Taylor JP, Kantarci K. Dementia with Lewy bodies: association of Alzheimer pathology with functional connectivity networks. Brain 2021; 144:3212-3225. [PMID: 34114602 PMCID: PMC8634124 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is neuropathologically defined by the presence of α-synuclein aggregates, but many DLB cases show concurrent Alzheimer's disease pathology in the form of amyloid-β plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles. The first objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Alzheimer's disease co-pathology on functional network changes within the default mode network (DMN) in DLB. Second, we studied how the distribution of tau pathology measured with PET relates to functional connectivity in DLB. Twenty-seven DLB, 26 Alzheimer's disease and 99 cognitively unimpaired participants (balanced on age and sex to the DLB group) underwent tau-PET with AV-1451 (flortaucipir), amyloid-β-PET with Pittsburgh compound-B (PiB) and resting-state functional MRI scans. The resing-state functional MRI data were used to assess functional connectivity within the posterior DMN. This was then correlated with overall cortical flortaucipir PET and PiB PET standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr). The strength of interregional functional connectivity was assessed using the Schaefer atlas. Tau-PET covariance was measured as the correlation in flortaucipir SUVr between any two regions across participants. The association between region-to-region functional connectivity and tau-PET covariance was assessed using linear regression. Additionally, we identified the region with highest and the region with lowest tau SUVrs (tau hot- and cold spots) and tested whether tau SUVr in all other brain regions was associated with the strength of functional connectivity to these tau hot and cold spots. A reduction in posterior DMN connectivity correlated with overall higher cortical tau- (r = -0.39, P = 0.04) and amyloid-PET uptake (r = -0.41, P = 0.03) in the DLB group, i.e. patients with DLB who have more concurrent Alzheimer's disease pathology showed a more severe loss of DMN connectivity. Higher functional connectivity between regions was associated with higher tau covariance in cognitively unimpaired, Alzheimer's disease and DLB. Furthermore, higher functional connectivity of a target region to the tau hotspot (i.e. inferior/medial temporal cortex) was related to higher flortaucipir SUVrs in the target region, whereas higher functional connectivity to the tau cold spot (i.e. sensory-motor cortex) was related to lower flortaucipir SUVr in the target region. Our findings suggest that a higher burden of Alzheimer's disease co-pathology in patients with DLB is associated with more Alzheimer's disease-like changes in functional connectivity. Furthermore, we found an association between the brain's functional network architecture and the distribution of tau pathology that has recently been described in Alzheimer's disease. We show that this relationship also exists in patients with DLB, indicating that similar mechanisms of connectivity-dependent occurrence of tau pathology might be at work in both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schumacher
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Gunter
- Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Scott A Przybelski
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David T Jones
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Rodolfo Savica
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Matthew L Senjem
- Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Julie A Fields
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Walter K Kremers
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Tanis J Ferman
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Alan J Thomas
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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