1
|
Cao Y, Lu Y, Shao W, Zhai W, Song J, Zhang A, Huang S, Zhao X, Cheng W, Wu F, Chen T. Time-dependent diffusion MRI-based microstructural mapping for differentiating high-grade serous ovarian cancer from serous borderline ovarian tumor. Eur J Radiol 2024; 178:111622. [PMID: 39018648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the value of microstructural characteristics derived from time-dependent diffusion MRI in distinguishing high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) from serous borderline ovarian tumor (SBOT) and the associations of immunohistochemical markers with microstructural features. METHODS Totally 34 HGSOC and 12 SBOT cases who received preoperative pelvic MRI were retrospectively included in this study. Two radiologists delineated the tumors to obtain the regions of interest (ROIs). Time-dependent diffusion MRI signals were fitted by the IMPULSED (imaging microstructural parameters using limited spectrally edited diffusion) model, to extract microstructural parameters, including fraction of the intracellular component (fin), cell diameter (d), cellularity and extracellular diffusivity (Dex). Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were obtained from standard diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The parameters of HGSOCs and SBOTs were compared, and the diagnostic performance was evaluated. The associations of microstructural indexes with immunopathological parameters were assessed, including Ki-67, P53, Pax-8, ER and PR. RESULTS In this study, fin, cellularity, Dex and ADC had good diagnostic performance levels in differentiating HGSOC from SBOT, with AUCs of 0.936, 0.909, 0.902 and 0.914, respectively. There were no significant differences in diagnostic performance among these parameters. Spearman analysis revealed in the HGSOC group, cellularity had a significant positive correlation with P53 expression (P = 0.028, r = 0.389) and Dex had a significant positive correlation with Pax-8 expression (P = 0.018, r = 0.415). ICC showed excellent agreement for all parameters. CONCLUSION Time-dependent diffusion MRI had value in evaluating the microstructures of HGSOC and SBOT and could discriminate between these tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Cao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhui Shao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiling Zhai
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiacheng Song
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Aining Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Philips (China) Investment Co. Ltd Building A1, No 718, Ling Shi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiance Zhao
- Philips (China) Investment Co. Ltd Building A1, No 718, Ling Shi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Feiyun Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Esposito G, Parazzini F, Chatenoud L, Santucci C, La Vecchia C, Negri E. Parents' age and total fertility rate in selected high-income countries from Europe and North America, 1990-2020. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 299:32-36. [PMID: 38824811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a comprehensive picture of trends in parents' age and total fertility rate in selected most populous high-income countries from Europe and North America. STUDY DESIGN Data were retrieved from official statistics published by the United Nations, the World Bank, the European Union (EU), and by national health statistics offices. RESULTS Mean maternal age at birth showed increasing trends in all considered countries; in 2020, the highest mean age was observed in Italy (32.2) and Spain (32.3), and the lowest one in the USA (28.8). Mean maternal age at first birth also showed upward trends. In the 1990s, mean age at first birth ranged from 25.5 to 26.9 years, except for the USA where it was below 25 years. The countries with the highest average maternal age at first birth were Italy and Spain, reaching 31 years over the most recent years. Data on mean paternal age at birth were scant. In Germany (2019) it was 34.6 and in the USA (2014) 27.9 years. In Italy, mean paternal age increased from 34.2 in 2000 to 35.5 in 2018, in the UK from 30.7 in 1990 to 33.4 in 2017, and in Canada, a decrease was observed from 29.1 in 2006 to 28.3 in 2011. Finally, Sweden and the USA had the highest fertility rates, around two children in some years, while Italy and Spain had the lowest ones, with less than 1.5 children over the whole period. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring of trends in reproductive factors is crucial to gain insight into society from a cultural and sociological point of view and to analyze the impact of these changes on reproductive health and related conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Esposito
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Fabio Parazzini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Santucci
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sköld C, Corvigno S, Dahlstrand H, Enblad G, Mezheyeuski A, Sundström-Poromaa I, Stålberg K, Tolf A, Glimelius I, Koliadi A. Association between parity and pregnancy-associated tumor features in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2024; 35:1101-1109. [PMID: 38578428 PMCID: PMC11266373 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-024-01876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) is the most common ovarian cancer subtype. Parity is an important risk-reducing factor, but the underlying mechanism behind the protective effect is unclear. Our aim was to study if the expression of hormones and proteins involved in pregnancy were affected by the woman's parity status, and if they may be associated with tumor stage and survival. METHODS We evaluated expression of progesterone receptor (PR), progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), relaxin-2, and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) in tumor tissue from 92 women with HGSC parous (n = 73) and nulliparous (n = 19). Key findings were then evaluated in an independent expansion cohort of 49 patients. Survival rates by hormone/protein expression were illustrated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The independent prognostic value was tested by Cox regression, using models adjusted for established poor-prognostic factors (age at diagnosis, FIGO stage, type of surgery, and macroscopic residual tumor after surgery). RESULTS HGSC tumors from parous women were PR positive (≥ 1% PR expression in tumor cells) more often than tumors from nulliparous women (42% vs. 16%; p-value 0.04), and having more children was associated with developing PR positive tumors [i.e., ≥ 3 children versus nulliparity, adjusted for age at diagnosis and stage: OR 4.31 (95% CI 1.12-19.69)]. A similar result was seen in the expansion cohort. Parity status had no impact on expression of PGRMC1, relaxin-2 and TGFβ1. No associations were seen with tumor stage or survival. CONCLUSION Tumors from parous women with HGSC expressed PR more often than tumors from nulliparous women, indicating that pregnancies might possibly have a long-lasting impact on ovarian cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Sköld
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sara Corvigno
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Dahlstrand
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Enblad
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Karin Stålberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Tolf
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Glimelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anthoula Koliadi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chu ESM, Wu RWK, Huang Z. Potential therapeutic efficacy of photodynamic therapy on female hormonal-dependent cancers in a hormonal simulated microenvironment. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103998. [PMID: 38316340 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.103998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved cancer treatment. Sex hormones, the key drivers for the development of female hormonal dependent cancers, might affect cancer treatment. There are seldom studies to evaluate the effect of sex hormones mimicked the menstrual cycle on the PDT mediated by prodrug 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and its ester derivatives to the hormonal dependent cancers. AIMS To evaluate the efficacy of sex hormones on Hexyl-ALA-PDT in hormonal dependent cancers and the effect of the sex hormones on heme biosynthetic pathway. METHODS Cell culture system that mimicked the fluctuation of sex hormones 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (PG) in the menstrual cycle was developed. Two pairs of hormonal-independent and hormonal dependent uterine sarcoma and breast cancer cell lines were used as cell models. Hexyl-ALA induced PpIX production and intracellular localization were examined. Key enzymes for PpIX synthesis were analysed. Hexyl-ALA-PDT mediated phototoxicity was evaluated. RESULTS The PpIX generation was increased in the hormonal-dependent cells (28-50 %) when cultured in the hormonal microenvironment with long incubation of Hexyl-ALA for 15 and 24 h compared to that cultured without hormones; whereas only slight difference in PpIX generation in their hormonal-independent counterpart. The PpIX generation was in a time-dependent manner. The CPOX, PPOX and FECH expressions were significantly enhanced by Hexyl-ALA-PDT in uterine sarcoma cells in hormonal microenvironment. Hexyl-ALA-PDT triggered significant increase of PPOX expression in breast cancer cells in hormonal microenvironment. The Hexyl-ALA-PDT phototoxicity was enhanced by 18-40 % in cells cultured in the hormonal system in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION The PpIX generation and the efficacy of Hexyl-ALA-PDT in both uterine sarcoma and breast cancer cells was significantly enhanced by the sex hormones via cultured in the hormonal microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricky Wing-Kei Wu
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Zheng Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Photonics Science and Technology for Medicine, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vercellini P, Bandini V, Viganò P, Di Stefano G, Merli CEM, Somigliana E. Proposal for targeted, neo-evolutionary-oriented, secondary prevention of early-onset endometriosis and adenomyosis. Part I: pathogenic aspects. Hum Reprod 2024; 39:1-17. [PMID: 37951243 PMCID: PMC10876119 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential for repeated ovulation and menstruation is thought to have provided a Darwinian advantage during the Palaeolithic. Reproductive conditions remained relatively stable until the pre-industrial era, characterized by late menarche, very young age at first birth, multiple pregnancies, and prolonged periods of lactational amenorrhoea. For hundreds of thousands of years, menstruators experienced few ovulatory cycles, even though they were genetically adapted to ovulate and menstruate every month. In the post-industrial era, the age at menarche gradually declined, the age at first birth progressively increased, and breastfeeding became optional and often of short duration. This created a mismatch between genetic adaptation and socio-environmental evolution, so that what was initially a probable reproductive advantage subsequently contributed to increased susceptibility to diseases associated with lifetime oestrogen exposure, such as ovarian, endometrial and breast cancer and, hypothetically, also those associated with the number of ovulatory menstruations, such as endometriosis and adenomyosis. The incidence of endometriosis shows a steep and progressive increase around the age of 25 years, but given the consistently reported delay in diagnosis, the actual incidence curve should be shifted to the left, supporting the possibility that the disease has its roots in adolescence. This raises the question of whether, from an evolutionary point of view, anovulation and amenorrhoea should not still be considered the physiological state, especially in the postmenarchal period. However, an increase in the frequency of endometriosis in recent decades has not been demonstrated, although this deserves further epidemiological investigation. In addition, as endometriosis occurs in a minority of individuals exposed to retrograde menstruation, other important pathogenic factors should be scrutinised. Research should be resumed to explore in more detail the transtubal reflux of not only blood, but also endometrial cells, and whether they are systematically present in the peritoneal fluid after menstruation. If repetitive ovulatory menstruation during the early reproductive years is shown to increase the risk of endometriosis and adenomyosis development and progression in susceptible individuals, hormonal interventions could be used as secondary prevention in symptomatic adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Vercellini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Academic Centre for Research on Adenomyosis and Endometriosis, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
- Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Veronica Bandini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Academic Centre for Research on Adenomyosis and Endometriosis, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Viganò
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Academic Centre for Research on Adenomyosis and Endometriosis, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
- Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgia Di Stefano
- Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Edgardo Somigliana
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Academic Centre for Research on Adenomyosis and Endometriosis, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
- Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chitra Veena S, Vajagathali M, Ramakrishnan V. A systematic review on the association between ovarian and prostate cancer with <I>BRCA1</I> and <I>BRCA2</I> gene. SIBERIAN JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 21:145-155. [DOI: 10.21294/1814-4861-2022-21-6-145-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Background. BRCA1 and BRCA2 were discussed as the basis of inherited adenocarcinoma and breast and ovarian malignancy. Ovarian cancer is uncommon in women below 40 years of age, and prostate cancer mainly occurs in older men cause 90 % in those above sixty-fve.Objective. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between ovarian and prostate cancer with the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes.Material and Methods. The ovarian and prostate cancer mechanism is discussed in detail, and their preventive measures with screening techniques are also demonstrated. This systematic review collected the related articles from online databases using the key terms ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, BRCA genes, mutation, polymorphism, carcinoma, sarcoma, and genetic association.Results. Based on the obtained information, it is found that the BRCA genes are highly associated with prostate cancer in men, and in women, it is significantly linked with breast cancer than ovarian cancer.Conclusion. Therefore, early diagnosis and genetic testing for BRCA1&BRCA2 genes in both men and women are necessary. In some cases, these genes might even cause different types of cancer like pancreatic cancers. Identifying individuals with tumour-HRD through mutations in the homologous repair pathway and determining this gene expression is essential to improve treatment techniques developed during the previous decade and rapidly make their way into clinical trials practice. However, the safe introduction of these medicines into everyday practice will require a thorough understanding of treatment targets and associated adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarpparajan Chitra Veena
- Human Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam
| | - Mohammed Vajagathali
- Human Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam
| | - Veerabathiran Ramakrishnan
- Human Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Punzón-Jiménez P, Lago V, Domingo S, Simón C, Mas A. Molecular Management of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13777. [PMID: 36430255 PMCID: PMC9692799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) represents the most common form of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. The absence of specific symptoms leads to late-stage diagnosis, making HGSOC one of the gynecological cancers with the worst prognosis. The cellular origin of HGSOC and the role of reproductive hormones, genetic traits (such as alterations in P53 and DNA-repair mechanisms), chromosomal instability, or dysregulation of crucial signaling pathways have been considered when evaluating prognosis and response to therapy in HGSOC patients. However, the detection of HGSOC is still based on traditional methods such as carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) detection and ultrasound, and the combined use of these methods has yet to support significant reductions in overall mortality rates. The current paradigm for HGSOC management has moved towards early diagnosis via the non-invasive detection of molecular markers through liquid biopsies. This review presents an integrated view of the relevant cellular and molecular aspects involved in the etiopathogenesis of HGSOC and brings together studies that consider new horizons for the possible early detection of this gynecological cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Punzón-Jiménez
- Carlos Simon Foundation, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor Lago
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Domingo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Simón
- Carlos Simon Foundation, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aymara Mas
- Carlos Simon Foundation, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vidican P, Perol O, Fevotte J, Fort E, Treilleux I, Belladame E, Zavadil J, Fervers B, Charbotel B. Frequency of Asbestos Exposure and Histological Subtype of Ovarian Carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5383. [PMID: 35564776 PMCID: PMC9100164 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The International Agency for Research on Cancer established a causal link between asbestos exposure and ovarian cancer. However, the exposure frequency and histological characteristics of asbestos-associated ovarian cancers remain to be investigated in detail. This multicenter case-case study assessed the asbestos exposure in ovarian carcinoma (OC) patients, alongside its association with histological subtype. Women were recruited in four hospitals in Lyon, France. Histological reports were reviewed by a pathologist. Patient and family members' data were collected by phone-based questionnaires. Asbestos exposure was defined as direct (occupational and environmental) and indirect (via parents, partners, and children). An industrial hygienist assessed the probability and level of exposure. The 254 enrolled patients (mean age 60 years) reported having an average of 2.3 different jobs (mean working duration 29 years). The prevalence of direct and indirect asbestos exposure was 13% (mean exposure duration 11 years) and 46%, respectively. High-grade serous carcinoma accounted for 73% of all OCs and 82% of histological subtypes in women with direct exposure. After adjustment on a familial history of OC, no significant associations between asbestos exposure (direct and/or indirect) and high-grade serous carcinoma were found. Women with OC had a high prevalence of asbestos exposure. Establishing risk profiles, as reported here, is important in facilitating compensation for asbestos-related OCs and for the surveillance of women at risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Vidican
- Département Prévention Cancer Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 Rue Laennec, CEDEX 08, 69373 Lyon, France; (O.P.); (E.B.); (B.F.)
| | - Olivia Perol
- Département Prévention Cancer Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 Rue Laennec, CEDEX 08, 69373 Lyon, France; (O.P.); (E.B.); (B.F.)
- Inserm UMR1296, “Radiations: Défense, Santé, Environnement”, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Joëlle Fevotte
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Université Gustave Eiffel—Ifsttar, Umrestte, UMR T 9405, Domaine Rockefeller, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France; (J.F.); (E.F.)
| | - Emmanuel Fort
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Université Gustave Eiffel—Ifsttar, Umrestte, UMR T 9405, Domaine Rockefeller, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France; (J.F.); (E.F.)
| | - Isabelle Treilleux
- Département D’anatomopathologie, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France;
| | - Elodie Belladame
- Département Prévention Cancer Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 Rue Laennec, CEDEX 08, 69373 Lyon, France; (O.P.); (E.B.); (B.F.)
| | - Jiri Zavadil
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer WHO, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France;
| | - Béatrice Fervers
- Département Prévention Cancer Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 Rue Laennec, CEDEX 08, 69373 Lyon, France; (O.P.); (E.B.); (B.F.)
- Inserm UMR1296, “Radiations: Défense, Santé, Environnement”, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
- Faculté de médecine Lyon Est, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Barbara Charbotel
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Université Gustave Eiffel—Ifsttar, Umrestte, UMR T 9405, Domaine Rockefeller, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France; (J.F.); (E.F.)
- CRPPE-Lyon, Centre Régional de Pathologies Professionnelles et Environnementales de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ellwanger B, Schüler‐Toprak S, Jochem C, Leitzmann MF, Baurecht H. Anthropometric factors and the risk of ovarian cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2022; 5:e1618. [PMID: 35384414 PMCID: PMC9675384 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess weight is convincingly associated with several cancers, but the association with ovarian cancer is insufficiently clarified, in particular regarding subgroups defined by menopausal status and ovarian cancer histologic type. AIMS We carried out a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of overweight and obesity in relation to ovarian cancer with focus on different subgroups. METHODS AND RESULTS We searched PubMed and Web of Science for relevant cohort and case-control studies published from inception to June 2021 in English language and using a clear definition of overweight and obesity. We combined maximally adjusted risk estimates using a random effects model. We analyzed data from 15 cohort and 26 case-control studies, including 28 471 ovarian cancer cases. The relative risk of ovarian cancer for overweight and obesity was 1.06 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00-1.12) and 1.19 (95% CI = 1.11-1.28), respectively. Among premenopausal women, increased ovarian cancer risk was noted for overweight (RR 1.34; 95% CI = 1.03-1.75) and obesity (RR 1.51; 95% CI = 1.21-1.88). By comparison, among postmenopausal women no statistically significant association was found for overweight (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.87-1.14) and obesity (RR1.03; 95% CI = 0.82-1.31). Increased risk was found for mucinous (RR 1.44; 95% CI = 1.03-2.01) and clear cell (RR 1.82; 95% CI = 1.11-2.99) ovarian cancer subtypes, but not for serous (RR1.12; 95% CI = 0.84-1.50;) and endometroid subtypes (RR1.24; 95% CI =0.96-1.60). CONCLUSIONS Obesity is associated with increased ovarian cancer risk. That relation is largely due to a positive association between adiposity and ovarian cancer among premenopausal but not postmenopausal women and among cases with mucinous and clear cell but not serous or endometrioid histology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Ellwanger
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Susanne Schüler‐Toprak
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Carmen Jochem
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Michael F. Leitzmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Hansjörg Baurecht
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gomez R, Tejada MÁ, Rodríguez-García V, Burgués O, Santos-Llamas AI, Martínez-Massa A, Marín-Montes A, Tarín JJ, Cano A. Histological Grade and Tumor Stage Are Correlated with Expression of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa b (Rank) in Epithelial Ovarian Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031742. [PMID: 35163671 PMCID: PMC8836022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) is becoming recognized as a master regulator of tumorigenesis, yet its role in gynecological cancers remains mostly unexplored. We investigated whether there is a gradation of RANK protein and mRNA expression in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) according to malignancy and tumor staging. Immunohistochemical expression of RANK was examined in a cohort of 135 (benign n = 29, borderline n= 23 and malignant n = 83) EOCs. Wild type and truncated RANK mRNA isoform quantification was performed in a cohort of 168 (benign n = 26, borderline n = 13 and malignant n = 129) EOCs. RANK protein and mRNA values were increased in malignant vs. benign or borderline conditions across serous, mucinous and endometrioid cancer subtypes. Additionally, a trend of increased RANK values with staging was observed for the mucinous and serous histotype. Thus, increased expression of RANK appears associated with the evolution of disease to the onset of malignancy in EOC. Moreover, in some EOC histotypes, RANK expression is additionally associated with clinicopathological markers of tumor aggressiveness, suggesting a role in further progression of tumor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raul Gomez
- Research Unit on Women’s Health-Institute of Health Research, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.Á.T.); (A.I.S.-L.); (J.J.T.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Miguel Á. Tejada
- Research Unit on Women’s Health-Institute of Health Research, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.Á.T.); (A.I.S.-L.); (J.J.T.)
| | - Víctor Rodríguez-García
- Department of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Octavio Burgués
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinico Universitario, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Ana I. Santos-Llamas
- Research Unit on Women’s Health-Institute of Health Research, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.Á.T.); (A.I.S.-L.); (J.J.T.)
| | - Andrea Martínez-Massa
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Av Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.-M.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Antonio Marín-Montes
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Av Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.-M.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Juan J. Tarín
- Research Unit on Women’s Health-Institute of Health Research, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.Á.T.); (A.I.S.-L.); (J.J.T.)
- Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology, and Physical Anthropology, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Antonio Cano
- Research Unit on Women’s Health-Institute of Health Research, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.Á.T.); (A.I.S.-L.); (J.J.T.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (A.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Altered Expression of ESR1, ESR2, PELP1 and c-SRC Genes Is Associated with Ovarian Cancer Manifestation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126216. [PMID: 34207568 PMCID: PMC8228770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the leading cause of death due to gynecologic malignancy. Estrogen-related pathways genes, such as estrogen receptors (ESR1 and ESR2) and their coregulators, proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1), and proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase c-Src (SRC) are involved in ovarian cancer induction and development, still they require in-depth study. In our study, tissue samples were obtained from 52 females of Caucasian descent (control group without cancerous evidence (n = 27), including noncancerous benign changes (n = 15), and the ovarian carcinoma (n = 25)). Using quantitative analyses, we investigated ESRs, PELP1, and SRC mRNA expression association with ovarian tumorigenesis. Proteins’ presence and their location were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Results showed that PELP1 and SRC expression levels were found to differ in tissues of different sample types. The expression patterns were complex and differed in the case of ovarian cancer patients compared to controls. The most robust protein immunoreactivity was observed for PELP1 and the weakest for ESR1. The expression patterns of analyzed genes represent a potentially interesting target in ovarian cancer biology, especially PELP1. This study suggests that specific estrogen-mediated functions in the ovary and ovary-derived cancer might result from different local interactions of estrogen with their receptors and coregulators.
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang J, Ma J, Jin Y, Cheng S, Huang S, Wang Y. Dietary Inflammatory Index and Ovarian Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:796-805. [PMID: 34060392 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1931366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Existing evidence suggests diet and chronic inflammation as risk factors in ovarian cancer (OC) development. We aim to conduct a meta-analysis exploring possible associations between dietary inflammatory potential and OC. A systematic search was conducted through PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and PMC databases for studies reporting relationships between dietary inflammatory potential and OC risk published up to September 2020. We included six studies for stepwise analysis, of which 5,468 among 197,086 individuals developed OC. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by fixed-effects models, while heterogeneity was assessed by Q test and I2 statistic. The results revealed a positive association between dietary inflammatory potential measured by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and OC(P < 0.05). Individuals with higher DII scores had a 42% increased risk of OC incidence [OR = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19-1.65]. The analysis considering DII as a continuous variable showed an increased risk of 10% for 1-point increase of DII(OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.06-1.14). Subgroup analysis revealed that increased risk of OC in individuals with higher DII scores vs. those with lower DII was only significant among post-menopausal women(OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.26-2.21) rather than those pre/peri-menopausal(OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.63-1.79). Pro-inflammatory diets with higher DII score were significantly related to increased OC risk among post-menopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Yang
- Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Jin
- Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Cheng
- Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Isaguliants M, Krasnyak S, Smirnova O, Colonna V, Apolikhin O, Buonaguro FM. Genetic instability and anti-HPV immune response as drivers of infertility associated with HPV infection. Infect Agent Cancer 2021; 16:29. [PMID: 33971936 PMCID: PMC8111735 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-021-00368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection common among men and women of reproductive age worldwide. HPV viruses are associated with epithelial lesions and cancers. HPV infections have been shown to be significantly associated with many adverse effects in reproductive function. Infection with HPVs, specifically of high-oncogenic risk types (HR HPVs), affects different stages of human reproduction, resulting in a series of adverse outcomes: 1) reduction of male fertility (male infertility), characterized by qualitative and quantitative semen alterations; 2) impairment of couple fertility with increase of blastocyst apoptosis and reduction of endometrial implantation of trophoblastic cells; 3) defects of embryos and fetal development, with increase of spontaneous abortion and spontaneous preterm birth. The actual molecular mechanism(s) by which HPV infection is involved remain unclear. HPV-associated infertility as Janus, has two faces: one reflecting anti-HPV immunity, and the other, direct pathogenic effects of HPVs, specifically, of HR HPVs on the infected/HPV-replicating cells. Adverse effects observed for HR HPVs differ depending on the genotype of infecting virus, reflecting differential response of the host immune system as well as functional differences between HPVs and their individual proteins/antigens, including their ability to induce genetic instability/DNA damage. Review summarizes HPV involvement in all reproductive stages, evaluate the adverse role(s) played by HPVs, and identifies mechanisms of viral pathogenicity, common as well as specific for each stage of the reproduction process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isaguliants
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia. .,Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. .,Riga Stradiņs University, Riga, Latvia. .,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Stepan Krasnyak
- Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology named after N.A. Lopatkin, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Smirnova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia.,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedecine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vincenza Colonna
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Oleg Apolikhin
- Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology named after N.A. Lopatkin, Moscow, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Alrashed MM, Ahmad M, Yongmei W, Xiuyeng W. Differential expression of miR-130a-3p modulate ovarian epithelial carcinoma (OEC) cell development and could be a biomarker for OEC. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 145:103310. [PMID: 33730656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A lot of research investigations, conducted in the recent years, establishes that microRNAs (miRNAs) have an important role in keeping both growth and metastasis of Ovarian Epithelial Carcinoma (OEC) under control. However, the clinical and functional role of miR-130a-3p in OEC is yet to be explored. Through quantitative reaction i.e., qRT-PCR, the expression of miR-130a-3p was assessed in tissues and cell lines of OEC patients. This analysis determined the relationship between the expression of miR-130a-3p and its clinicopathology with the overall survival rate of OEC patients. The author made use of cell counting analysis (CCK8) and in vitro flow cytometry to understand the functional and biological impact of miR-130a-3p expression. In comparison with neighboring normal tissues, the expression of miR-130a-3p was found to be lower in 7 OEC samples. Few reasons are cited for this scenario i.e., low expression of miR-130a-3p, such as low overall OEC patient survival rate, incidence of FIGO and metastasis of lymph nodes. miR-130a-3p has been found as an independent candidate for predicting the prognosis of OEC patients, as per Multivariate Cox research. When miR-130a-3p is over-expressed, as per the enhanced mechanism, it prevents both cell proliferation and cell cycle production in OEC. The current study findings emphasize that miR-130a-3p can be leveraged as a biomarker of prognosis and possibly as a target in the treatment of OEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- May Mohammed Alrashed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ahmad
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wei Yongmei
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Wang Xiuyeng
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Biller VS, Leitzmann MF, Sedlmeier AM, Berger FF, Ortmann O, Jochem C. Sedentary behaviour in relation to ovarian cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol 2021; 36:769-780. [PMID: 33492550 PMCID: PMC8417015 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-020-00712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sedentary behaviour is an emerging risk factor for several site-specific cancers. Ovarian cancers are often detected at late disease stages and the role of sedentary behaviour as a modifiable risk factor potentially contributing to ovarian cancer risk has not been extensively examined. We systematically searched relevant databases from inception to February 2020 for eligible publications dealing with sedentary behaviour in relation to ovarian cancer risk. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, calculating summary relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random-effects model. We calculated the E-Value, a sensitivity analysis for unmeasured confounding. We tested for publication bias and heterogeneity. Seven studies (three prospective cohort studies and four case–control studies) including 2060 ovarian cancer cases were analysed. Comparing highest versus lowest levels of sedentary behaviour, the data indicated a statistically significant increase in the risk of ovarian cancer in relation to prolonged sitting time (RR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.07–1.57). Sub-analyses of prospective cohort studies (RR = 1.33, 95% CI = 0.92–1.93) and case–control studies (RR = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.98–1.68) showed statistically non-significant results. Sensitivity analysis showed that an unmeasured confounder would need to be related to sedentary behaviour and ovarian cancer with a RR of 1.90 to fully explain away the observed RR of 1.29. Our analyses showed a statistically significant positive association between sedentary behaviour and ovarian cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika S Biller
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Michael F Leitzmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja M Sedlmeier
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Felix F Berger
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Ortmann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Jochem
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sánchez-Borrego R, Sánchez-Prieto M. What are the mechanisms of action of the different contraceptive methods to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer? EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2020; 26:79-84. [PMID: 33245019 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2020.1849617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is the deadliest gynaecologic malignancy. Knowing that OvCa, as a disease, has different origins has allowed us to relate them to the mechanisms of action of different contraceptive methods with the aim of evaluating the possibility of their use in reducing risk. STUDY DESIGN This commentary review article will instead focus on the recent findings on the role of contraceptive methods in preventing of OvCa. RESULTS Combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) use is an effective method of chemoprevention for OvCa in the general population and in women with genetic disorders. Salpingectomy, better than tubal ligation, should be offered for ovarian/tubal/peritoneal cancer prevention. Progestogen-only methods can decrease the risk of OvCa via reduced menstrual bleeding and by changes in the hormonal environment that surrounds the ovary. IUDs of any type, through different mechanisms, decrease the risk of OvCa. Barrier methods prevent the passage of germs into the tubes and ovaries and the inflammatory state they produce. CONCLUSIONS Most contraceptive methods have a mechanism of action that may favour a reduction in the risk of OvCa. The theories of incessant ovulation, retrograde menstruation, and that the fallopian tubes are the site of origin of a proportion of high-grade serous OvCa, have led to the recommendation that anovulatory methods, those that decrease menstrual bleeding, and those that blocked tubes, or even better, 'opportunistic salpingectomy' are a current approach to prevent OvCa in the population general and, above all, in the population at risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Prieto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institut Universitari Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Effect of Interaction between 17β-Estradiol, 2-Methoxyestradiol and 16α-Hydroxyestrone with Chromium (VI) on Ovary Cancer Line SKOV-3: Preliminary Study. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215214. [PMID: 33182506 PMCID: PMC7665134 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies. Some estrogens, as well as xenoestrogens, such as chromium (VI) (Cr(VI)), are indicated as important pathogenic agents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of estradiol and some its metabolites upon exposure to the metalloestrogen Cr(VI) in an in vitro model. The changes in cell viability of malignant ovarian cancer cells (SKOV-3 resistant to cisplatin) exposed to 17β-estradiol (E2) and its two metabolites, 2-methoxyestradiol (2-MeOE2) and 16α-hydroxyestrone (16α-OHE1), upon exposure to potassium chromate (VI) and its interactions were examined. The single and mixed models of action, during short and long times of incubation with estrogens, were applied. The different effects (synergism and antagonism) of estrogens on cell viability in the presence of Cr(VI) was observed. E2 and 16α-OHE1 caused a synergistic effect after exposure to Cr(VI). 2-MeOE2 showed an antagonistic effect on Cr(VI). The examined estrogens could be ranked according to the most protective effect or least toxicity in the order: 2-MeOE2 > E2 > 16α-OHE1. Early pre-incubation (24 h or 7 days) of cells with estrogens caused mostly an antagonistic effect-protective against the toxic action of Cr(VI). The beneficial action of estrogens on the toxic effect of Cr(VI), in the context of the risk of ovarian cancer, seems to be important and further studies are needed.
Collapse
|
18
|
Modulation of Immune Infiltration of Ovarian Cancer Tumor Microenvironment by Specific Subpopulations of Fibroblasts. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113184. [PMID: 33138184 PMCID: PMC7692816 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immune infiltration plays a key role in the progression of solid tumors, including ovarian cancer, and immunotherapies are rapidly emerging as effective treatment modalities. However, the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a predominant stromal constituent, in determining the tumor-immune microenvironment and modulating efficacy of immunotherapies remains poorly understood. We have conducted an extensive bioinformatic analysis of our and other publicly available ovarian cancer datasets (GSE137237, GSE132289 and GSE71340), to determine the correlation of fibroblast subtypes within the tumor microenvironment (TME) with the characteristics of tumor-immune infiltration. We identified (1) four functional modules of CAFs in ovarian cancer that are associated with the TME and metastasis of ovarian cancer, (2) immune-suppressive function of the collagen 1,3,5-expressing CAFs in primary ovarian cancer and omental metastases, and (3) consistent positive correlations between the functional modules of CAFs with anti-immune response genes and negative correlation with pro-immune response genes. Our study identifies a specific fibroblast subtype, fibroblast functional module (FFM)2, in the ovarian cancer tumor microenvironment that can potentially modulate a tumor-promoting immune microenvironment, which may be detrimental toward the effectiveness of ovarian cancer immunotherapies.
Collapse
|
19
|
Baandrup L, Faber MT, Aalborg GL, Kjaer SK. Borderline ovarian tumors in Denmark 1997-2018: Time trends in incidence by histology, age and educational level. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2020; 100:436-443. [PMID: 33010027 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION After some decades with an increasing incidence of borderline ovarian tumors, more recent studies have observed that the incidence rate seems to be leveling off or declining. In this study, we describe the incidence of borderline ovarian tumors in Denmark 1997-2018 by histology, age at diagnosis and educational level. MATERIAL AND METHODS All borderline ovarian tumors registered in the Danish Pathology Registry during 1997-2018 were identified and individual-level educational information was retrieved from nationwide registers. Age-standardized incidence rates were estimated according to histology, age at diagnosis and educational level. To investigate incidence trends over time, the average annual percentage change and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Poisson regression. RESULTS We identified 3927 women with borderline ovarian tumors during the study period, of which 1997 (50.9%) were serous and 1743 (44.4%) were mucinous. The age-standardized incidence rate of serous borderline ovarian tumors did not change significantly over calendar time (average annual percentage change = -0.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.13 to 0.88). For mucinous tumors, the age-standardized incidence rate was also relatively stable during the first half of the study period, followed by a decrease from 2.56 to 1.25 per 100 000 person-years between 2007-2011 and 2017-2018. Over the entire study period, the incidence rate of mucinous borderline tumors declined on average by 2.91% (95% CI -4.24 to -1.51) per year. The incidence of both types of borderline ovarian tumors seemed to be highest among women with a low educational level. Over calendar time, the incidence of mucinous tumors decreased in all educational groups, whereas the incidence of serous tumors decreased exclusively in women with a high educational level. Time trends did not differ markedly by age at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS In Denmark, the incidence of serous borderline ovarian tumors was stable during 1997-2018, whereas the incidence of mucinous borderline ovarian tumors decreased. The incidence rates of both types of borderline ovarian tumors tended to be highest among women with a low educational level throughout the study period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Baandrup
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette T Faber
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte L Aalborg
- Statistics and Pharmacoepidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne K Kjaer
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sarink D, Wu AH, Le Marchand L, White KK, Park SY, Setiawan VW, Hernandez BY, Wilkens LR, Merritt MA. Racial/Ethnic Differences in Ovarian Cancer Risk: Results from the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:2019-2025. [PMID: 32732248 PMCID: PMC7541726 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence rates of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) vary across racial/ethnic groups, yet little is known about the impact of hormone-related EOC risk factors in non-Whites. METHODS Among 91,625 female Multiethnic Cohort Study participants, 155 incident EOC cases were diagnosed in Whites, 93 in African Americans, 57 in Native Hawaiians, 161 in Japanese Americans, and 141 in Latinas. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between race/ethnicity and EOC risk and between hormone-related factors and EOC risk across racial/ethnic groups. RESULTS Compared with Whites, African Americans and Japanese Americans had a lower multivariable-adjusted EOC risk; Native Hawaiians had a suggestive higher risk. Parity and oral contraceptive (OC) use were inversely associated with EOC risk (P int race/ethnicity ≥ 0.43); associations were strongest among Japanese Americans (e.g., ≥4 vs. 0 children; HR = 0.45; CI, 0.26-0.79). Age at natural menopause and postmenopausal hormone (PMH) use were not associated with EOC risk in the overall population, but were positively associated with risk in Latinas (e.g., ≥5 years vs. never PMH use; HR = 2.13; CI, 1.30-3.49). CONCLUSIONS We observed strong associations with EOC risk for parity and OC use in Japanese Americans and PMH use and age at natural menopause in Latinas. However, differences in EOC risk among racial/ethnic groups were not fully explained by established hormone-related risk factors. IMPACT Our study indicates there are racial/ethnic differences in EOC risk and risk factors, and could help improve prevention strategies for non-White women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danja Sarink
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Kami K White
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Song-Yi Park
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - V Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brenda Y Hernandez
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Melissa A Merritt
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Piao J, Lee EJ, Lee M. Association between pelvic inflammatory disease and risk of ovarian cancer: An updated meta-analysis. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 157:542-548. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
22
|
Ouldamer L, Body G, Daraï E, Bendifallah S. [Borderline Ovarian Tumours: CNGOF Guidelines for Clinical Practice - Epidemiological Aspects and Risk Factors]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 48:239-247. [PMID: 32004787 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The incidence (rate/100,000) of BOT gradually increases with age from 15-19 years of age and peaks at nearly 4.5 cases/100,000 for the 55-59 year age group (NP3). In the presence of a benign ovarian mass, the standardized risk ratio of serous and mucinous BOT is 1.69, (95% CI 1.39-2.03) and 1.75, (95% CI 1.45-2.10), respectively (NP2). At diagnosis, a median age of diagnosis of OFA is 46 years, unilateral forms (79.7% of cases) are predominant compared to cancers (45.3%) (<0.001) and FIGO I stages represent nearly 63.7% of cases (NP3). The 5-year survival rates for FIGO I, II, III, IV stages are: 99.7% (95% CI: 96.2-100%), 99.6% (95% CI: 92.6-100%), 95.3% (95% CI: 91.8-97.4%), 77.1% (95% CI: 58.0-88.3%), respectively (NP3). Survivors at 5 years for serous and mucinous tumours are 99.7% (95% CI: 99.2-99.9%), 98.5% (95% CI: 96.9-99.3%), respectively (NP3). An epidemiological association exists between personal BOT risk and: (1) a familial history of BOT/certain cancers (pancreas, lung, bone, leukemia) (NP3), (2) a personal history of benign ovarian cyst (NP2), (3) a personal history of pelvic inflammatory disease (IGH), (4) the use of intrauterine device levonorgestrel (NP3), (5) the use of oral contraceptive pills (NP3), (6) multiparity (NP3), (7) hormone replacement therapy (NP3), (8) high consumption of coumestrol (NP4), (9) medical treatment of infertility with progesterone (NP3), (10) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). An epidemiological association exists between previous/actual tabacco consumption and the risk of mucinous ovarian BOT (NP2). Relative risk (RR) varies between 2.2 and 2.7, however the relationship is not necessarily a causal one. An epidemiological association exists between overweight/obesity and the risk of serous BOT (NP2). RR varies between 1.2 to 1.8. The high Vitamin D was inversely associated to the risk of serous BOT (NP4). The risk of mucinous BOT was lowered with paracetamol use (OR=0.77; 95% CI: 0.60-0.98) (NP3). However, the relationship between these factors and BOT is not necessarily a causal one and no screening modality can be proposed in the general population (gradeC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Ouldamer
- Département de gynécologie, centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Tours, hôpital Bretonneau, 37044 Tours, France; Unité Inserm 1069, 10, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - G Body
- Département de gynécologie, centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Tours, hôpital Bretonneau, 37044 Tours, France; Unité Inserm 1069, 10, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - E Daraï
- Département de gynécologie et d'obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, Sorbonne université, hôpital universitaire Tenon, Assistance publique-hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France; UMR_S938, centre de recherche de Saint-Antoine, université Sorbonne, 75006 Paris, France
| | - S Bendifallah
- Département de gynécologie et d'obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, Sorbonne université, hôpital universitaire Tenon, Assistance publique-hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France; UMR_S938, centre de recherche de Saint-Antoine, université Sorbonne, 75006 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hwang JYF, Lim WY, Tan CS, Lim SL, Chia J, Chow KY, Chay WY. Ovarian Cancer Incidence in the Multi-Ethnic Asian City-State of Singapore 1968-2012. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:3563-3569. [PMID: 31870095 PMCID: PMC7173386 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.12.3563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We investigate ovarian cancer incidence between 1968 and 2012 in Singapore, a multiethnic Asian city state. Methods: Aggregated data of ovarian epithelial cancer numbers and estimated person-years from 1968 to 2012 were obtained from Singapore Cancer Registry. Age-Period-Cohort modelling was performed. Results: The age-standardised incidence rate of ovarian cancer increased from 5.8 to 12.5 per 100,000 per year between 1968 and 2012, while the age-standardised mortality rate has remained stable. This increase was higher among Malays (5.1 to 14.0 per 100,000 per year), compared to Chinese and Indians. Serous carcinoma showed the greatest increase in incidence from 0.4 to 3.4 per 100,000 per year. Period effects were seen in the ovarian cancer incidence trend in Chinese women, but not Malay and Indian women. Clear cell and mucinous carcinoma subtypes were more common in Chinese than in Malay and Indian women. Stage at diagnosis for the years 2003-2010 differed by subtype, and the majority of patients with serous carcinomas presented at a later stage compared to those with clear cell or mucinous carcinomas. Conclusion: Ovarian cancer incidence rates have doubled in 40 years in Singapore. There were ethnic differences in incidence rates and ovarian cancer subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Yi-Fu Hwang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore. 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore
| | - Wei-Yen Lim
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore
| | - Chuen Seng Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore. 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore
| | - Sheow Lei Lim
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital. 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore
| | - John Chia
- National Cancer Centre Singapore. 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore
| | - Khuan Yew Chow
- National Registry of Diseases Office, Health Promotion Board. 3 Second Hospital Avenue, Singapore
| | - Wen Yee Chay
- National Cancer Centre Singapore. 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shin S, Sawada N, Saito E, Yamaji T, Iwasaki M, Shimazu T, Sasazuki S, Inoue M, Tsugane S. Menstrual and reproductive factors in the risk of thyroid cancer in Japanese women: the Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study. Eur J Cancer Prev 2019; 27:361-369. [PMID: 28118209 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between menstrual and reproductive factors and thyroid cancer risk among Japanese women. A total 54 776 women aged 40-69 years completed a self-administered questionnaire, which included menstrual and reproductive history. During 1990-2012, 187 newly diagnosed cases of thyroid cancer were identified. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for menstrual and reproductive factors and incidence of thyroid cancer were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Postmenopausal women who had natural menopause were at reduced risk of thyroid cancer than premenopausal women in the age-area-adjusted model (HR: 0.62 per 1 year increase, 95% CI: 0.39-0.99), but this association was slightly attenuated and no longer statistically significant in the multivariable-adjusted model. On analysis by menopausal status, an inverse association between age at menarche and risk of thyroid cancer was observed for premenopausal women (HR: 0.83 per 1 year increase, 95% CI: 0.70-0.98, P trend=0.03), but not for postmenopausal women. The risk of thyroid cancer increased with surgical menopause compared with natural menopause (HR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.43-3.84). Although increasing age at menopause and duration of fertility were associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer, this association was not observed among postmenopausal women. This study confirmed that early age at menarche for premenopausal women and surgical menopause and late age at natural menopause for postmenopausal women were associated with the development of thyroid cancer. Our results support the hypothesis that exposure to estrogens increases the risk of thyroid cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangah Shin
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo.,Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiko Saito
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo.,Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuka Sasazuki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo.,Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hoyer PB, Rice PF, Howard CC, Koevary JW, Dominguez Cooks JP, Hutchens GV, Chambers SK, Craig ZR, Connolly DC, Barton JK. Comparison of Reproductive Function in Female TgMISIIR-TAg Transgenic and Wildtype C57BL/6 Mice. Comp Med 2019; 69:16-21. [PMID: 30591091 PMCID: PMC6382048 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-18-000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic TgMISIIR-TAg (TAg) mice express the oncogenic virus SV40 in Mullerian epithelial cells. Female TAg mice spontaneously develop epithelial ovarian carcinoma, the most common type of ovarian cancer in women. Female TAg mice are infertile, but the reason has not been determined. We therefore investigated whether female TAg mice undergo puberty, demonstrate follicular development, maintain regular cycles, and ovulate. Ovarian cancers in women commonly develop after menopause. The occupational chemical 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) accelerates follicle degeneration in the ovaries of rats and mice, causing early ovarian failure. We therefore used VCD dosing of mice to develop an animal model for menopause. The purpose of this study was to characterize reproductive parameters in female TAg mice and to investigate whether the onset of ovarian failure due VCD dosing differed between female TAg and WT C57BL/6 mice. As in WT female mice, TAg female mice underwent puberty (vaginal opening) and developed cyclicity in patterns that were similar between the groups. Vehicle-only TAg mice had fewer ovulations (numbers of corpora lutea) than WT animals. VCD exposure delayed the onset of puberty (day of first estrus) in TAg as compared with WT mice. Morphologic evaluation of ovaries revealed many more degenerating follicles in TAg mice than WT mice, and more VCD-dosed TAg mice were in ovarian failure than VCD-dosed WT mice. These results suggest that despite showing similar onset of sexual maturation, TAg mice have increased follicular degeneration and fewer ovulations than WT. These features may contribute to the inability of female TAg mice to reproduce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Photini F Rice
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Caitlin C Howard
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | | | | | | | - Zelieann R Craig
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cheng FHC, Lin HY, Hwang TW, Chen YC, Huang RL, Chang CB, Yang W, Lin RI, Lin CW, Chen GCW, Mai SY, Lin JMJ, Chuang YM, Chou JL, Kuo LW, Li C, Cheng ASL, Lai HC, Wu SF, Tsai JC, Chan MWY. E2F6 functions as a competing endogenous RNA, and transcriptional repressor, to promote ovarian cancer stemness. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:1085-1095. [PMID: 30582655 PMCID: PMC6398890 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal cancer of the female reproductive system. In that regard, several epidemiological studies suggest that long‐term exposure to estrogen could increase ovarian cancer risk, although its precise role remains controversial. To decipher a mechanism for this, we previously generated a mathematical model of how estrogen‐mediated upregulation of the transcription factor, E2F6, upregulates the ovarian cancer stem/initiating cell marker, c‐Kit, by epigenetic silencing the tumor suppressor miR‐193a, and a competing endogenous (ceRNA) mechanism. In this study, we tested that previous mathematical model, showing that estrogen treatment of immortalized ovarian surface epithelial cells upregulated both E2F6 and c‐KIT, but downregulated miR‐193a. Luciferase assays further confirmed that microRNA‐193a targets both E2F6 and c‐Kit. Interestingly, ChIP‐PCR and bisulphite pyrosequencing showed that E2F6 also epigenetically suppresses miR‐193a, through recruitment of EZH2, and by a complex ceRNA mechanism in ovarian cancer cell lines. Importantly, cell line and animal experiments both confirmed that E2F6 promotes ovarian cancer stemness, whereas E2F6 or EZH2 depletion derepressed miR‐193a, which opposes cancer stemness, by alleviating DNA methylation and repressive chromatin. Finally, 118 ovarian cancer patients with miR‐193a promoter hypermethylation had poorer survival than those without hypermethylation. These results suggest that an estrogen‐mediated E2F6 ceRNA network epigenetically and competitively inhibits microRNA‐193a activity, promoting ovarian cancer stemness and tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank H C Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Yi Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tzy-Wei Hwang
- Department of Mathematics, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chen Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Rui-Lan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Bin Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Weiqin Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ru-Inn Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Gary C W Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yuan Mai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Jora M J Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Liang Chou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chin Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Alfred S L Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Cheng Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Je-Chiang Tsai
- Department of Mathematics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Michael W Y Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Temkin SM, Mallen A, Bellavance E, Rubinsak L, Wenham RM. The role of menopausal hormone therapy in women with or at risk of ovarian and breast cancers: Misconceptions and current directions. Cancer 2018; 125:499-514. [PMID: 30570740 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For women who are candidates for menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), estrogen can provide relief from symptomatic menopause, decrease rates of chronic illnesses, and improve health-related quality of life. However, confusion surrounds the evidence regarding the impact of exogenous estrogen and progesterone on the breast and ovary. Available data regarding the risks of MHT (estrogen and/or progestin) related to the development of breast and ovarian cancer are often inconsistent or incomplete. Modern molecular and genetic techniques have improved our understanding of the heterogeneity of breast and ovarian cancer. This enhanced understanding of the disease has impacted our understanding of carcinogenesis. Treatment options have evolved to be more targeted toward hormonal therapy for certain subtypes of disease, whereas cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the standard for other histological and molecular subtypes. The role of MHT in the breast and ovarian cancer survivor, as well as women who are at high risk for the development of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, remains controversial despite evidence that this treatment can improve quality of life and survival outcomes. Through this article, we examine the evidence for and against the use of MHT with a focus on women who have or are at high risk for breast and ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Temkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Adrianne Mallen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Emily Bellavance
- Department of Surgery, Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lisa Rubinsak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Robert M Wenham
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nagle CM, Ibiebele T, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, DeFazio A, Webb PM. The association between the inflammatory potential of diet and risk of developing, and survival following, a diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:1747-1756. [PMID: 30027314 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammation has been implicated in ovarian carcinogenesis. This study evaluated two dietary indices: the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and the Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (EDIP), in relation to risk of developing, and survival following, a diagnosis of ovarian cancer. METHODS Data came from the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study (1375 cases, 1415 population controls). DII and EDIP scores were computed from dietary information obtained using a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between DII and EDIP scores and risk of ovarian cancer and proportional hazards models were used for survival analysis. RESULTS A high DII score, reflecting a more pro-inflammatory diet, was associated with a modest increased risk of ovarian cancer [odds ratio (OR) DII scoreQ4 vs.Q1 = 1.31, 95% CI 1.06-1.63, ptrend = 0.014]. Likewise a high EDIP score was associated with an increase in risk of ovarian cancer [OR EDIP scoreQ4 vs.Q1 = 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-1.73, ptrend = 0.002]. We found no association between DII or EDIP score and overall or ovarian cancer-specific survival. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet modestly increases the risk of developing ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Nagle
- Gynaecological Cancers Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - T Ibiebele
- Gynaecological Cancers Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - N Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 241-2, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 400, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Connecting Health Innovations LLC (CHI), 1417 Gregg Street, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - J R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 241-2, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 400, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Connecting Health Innovations LLC (CHI), 1417 Gregg Street, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - A DeFazio
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - P M Webb
- Gynaecological Cancers Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Troisi R, Bjørge T, Gissler M, Grotmol T, Kitahara CM, Sæther SMM, Ording AG, Sköld C, Sørensen HT, Trabert B, Glimelius I. The role of pregnancy, perinatal factors and hormones in maternal cancer risk: a review of the evidence. J Intern Med 2018; 283:430-445. [PMID: 29476569 PMCID: PMC6688839 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of the origin of cancer is critical for cancer prevention and treatment. Complex biological mechanisms promote carcinogenesis, and there is increasing evidence that pregnancy-related exposures influence foetal growth cell division and organ functioning and may have a long-lasting impact on health and disease susceptibility in the mothers and offspring. Nulliparity is an established risk factor for breast, ovarian, endometrial and possibly pancreatic cancer, whilst the risk of kidney cancer is elevated in parous compared with nulliparous women. For breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer, each pregnancy provides an additional risk reduction. The associations of parity with thyroid and colorectal cancers are uncertain. The timing of reproductive events is also recognized to be important. Older age at first birth is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, and older age at last birth is associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer. The risks of breast and endometrial cancers increase with younger age at menarche and older age at menopause. The mechanisms, and hormone profiles, that underlie alterations in maternal cancer risk are not fully understood and may differ by malignancy. Linking health registries and pooling of data in the Nordic countries have provided opportunities to conduct epidemiologic research of pregnancy exposures and subsequent cancer. We review the maternal risk of several malignancies, including those with a well-known hormonal aetiology and those with less established relationships. The tendency for women to have fewer pregnancies and at later ages, together with the age-dependent increase in the incidence of most malignancies, is expected to affect the incidence of pregnancy-associated cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Troisi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Tone Bjørge
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mika Gissler
- Information Services Department, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Family Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Cari M. Kitahara
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Anne Gulbech Ording
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Camilla Sköld
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Toft Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Britton Trabert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Ingrid Glimelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is the most lethal malignancy of the female genital tract. Population-based trials in the general population have not demonstrated that screening improves early detection or survival. Therefore, application of prevention strategies is vital to improving outcomes from this disease. Surgical prevention reduces risk and prophylactic risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy is the most effective means to prevent ovarian carcinoma in the high-risk patient although the risks do not outweigh the benefits in average risk patients. Other surgical and medical options have unknown or limited efficacy in the high-risk patient. In this review, we define the patient at high risk for ovarian cancer, discuss how to identify these women and weigh their available ovarian cancer prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Temkin
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer Bergstrom
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Kelly Gynecologic Oncology Service, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Goli Samimi
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lori Minasian
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Hang D, Jia M, Ma H, Zhou J, Feng X, Lyu Z, Yin J, Cui H, Yin Y, Jin G, Hu Z, Shen H, Zhang K, Li N, Dai M. Independent prognostic role of human papillomavirus genotype in cervical cancer. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:391. [PMID: 28583086 PMCID: PMC5460478 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the correlation of HPV genotype with cervical precursor lesions and invasive cancer has been confirmed, the role of HPV genotype in cervical cancer prognosis is less conclusive. This study aims to systematically investigate the independent prognostic role of HPV genotype in cervical cancer. Methods A total of 306 eligible patients provided cervical cell specimens for HPV genotyping before therapy and had a median follow-up time of 54 months after diagnosis. Survival times were measured from the date of diagnosis to the date of cervical cancer-related death (overall survival, OS) and from the date of diagnosis to the date of recurrence or metastasis (disease free survival, DFS). Log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazard models were performed to evaluate the association between HPV genotype and survival times. Results A total of 12 types of high-risk HPV were detected and the leading ten types belong to two species: alpha-9 and alpha-7. HPV16 and 18 were the two most common types, with the prevalence of 60.8% and 8.8%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, HPV16-positive cases were associated with better OS (P = 0.037) and HPV16-related species alpha-9 predicted better OS and DFS (both P < 0.01). After adjusting for age, FIGO stage, and therapy, HPV16 showed a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.36 (95% CI: 0.18, 0.74; P = 0.005) for OS, and alpha-9 resulted in a HR of 0.17 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.37; P < 0.001) for OS and 0.32 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.59; P < 0.001) for DFS. Conclusions HPV genotype poses differential prognoses for cervical cancer patients. The presence of HPV16 and its related species alpha-9 indicates an improved survival. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2465-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Meiqun Jia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Feng
- Program Office for Cancer Screening in Urban China, National Cancer Centre/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhangyan Lyu
- Program Office for Cancer Screening in Urban China, National Cancer Centre/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Program Office for Cancer Screening in Urban China, National Cancer Centre/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hong Cui
- Program Office for Cancer Screening in Urban China, National Cancer Centre/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yin Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Centre/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Ni Li
- Program Office for Cancer Screening in Urban China, National Cancer Centre/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Min Dai
- Program Office for Cancer Screening in Urban China, National Cancer Centre/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Germán-Castelán L, Manjarrez-Marmolejo J, González-Arenas A, Camacho-Arroyo I. Intracellular Progesterone Receptor Mediates the Increase in Glioblastoma Growth Induced by Progesterone in the Rat Brain. Arch Med Res 2017; 47:419-426. [PMID: 27986121 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Progesterone (P) is a steroid hormone involved in the development of several types of cancer including astrocytomas, the most common and malignant brain tumors. We undertook this study to investigate the effects of P on the growth and infiltration of a tumor caused by the xenotransplant of U87 cells derived from a human astrocytoma grade IV (glioblastoma) in the cerebral cortex of male rats and the participation of intracellular progesterone receptor (PR) on these effects. METHODS Eight weeks after the implantation of U87 cells in the cerebral cortex, we administered phosphorothioated antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) to silence the expression of PR. This treatment lasted 15 days and was administered at the site of glioblastoma cells implantation using Alzet osmotic pumps. Vehicle (propylene glycol) or P4 (400 μg/100 g) was subcutaneously injected for 14 days starting 1 day after the beginning of ODN administration. RESULTS We observed that P significantly increased glioblastoma tumor area and infiltration length as compared with vehicle, whereas PR antisense ODNs blocked these effects. CONCLUSION P, through the interaction with PR, increases the area and infiltration of a brain tumor formed from the xenotransplant of human glioblastoma-derived U87 cells in the cerebral cortex of the rat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Germán-Castelán
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Manjarrez-Marmolejo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de la Formación Reticular, Unidad de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aliesha González-Arenas
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Alonso-Alvarez C, Canelo T, Romero-Haro AÁ. The Oxidative Cost of Reproduction: Theoretical Questions and Alternative Mechanisms. Bioscience 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biw176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
|
35
|
Ghazi A, Ayaz A, Hamid T, Farooq MU, Islam N. Small cell carcinoma of the ovary hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT): A rare case after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Pak J Med Sci 2017; 33:241-244. [PMID: 28367208 PMCID: PMC5368318 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.331.11634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) is a very rare and lethal tumor, mostly affecting young women, with aggressive clinical course. It has a worse prognosis in younger women and most of them died within two years of diagnosis. We are reporting a unique case of SCCOHT in a 35 years old, nulliparous lady with primary infertility in which symptomatic hypercalcemia was a presenting feature of her cancer. She was completely healthy before third cycle of IVF. Within two months of her third IVF cycle, she developed SCCOHT with a very rapid and aggressive course of disease and fatal outcome. Patient died within one month of her first symptom presentation (3 months after IVF cycle).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ghazi
- Ahmed Ghazi, MBBS, Saudi board. Department of Gyne Oncology, King Abdullah Medical City (KAMC-HC), Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aqueela Ayaz
- Aqueela Ayaz, MBBS, FCPS. Department of Gyne Oncology, King Abdullah Medical City (KAMC-HC), Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahira Hamid
- Tahira Hamid, MBBS, FCPS. Department of Laboratory & Blook Bank, King Abdullah Medical City (KAMC-HC), Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mian Usman Farooq
- Mian Usman Farooq, MBBS, MBA, MSc. Department of Strategic Planning and Institutional Advancement, King Abdullah Medical City (KAMC-HC), Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikita Islam
- Nikita Islam, MBBS, MD, MRCOG. Department of Gyne Oncology, King Abdullah Medical City (KAMC-HC), Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Reigstad MM, Storeng R, Myklebust TÅ, Oldereid NB, Omland AK, Robsahm TE, Brinton LA, Vangen S, Furu K, Larsen IK. Cancer Risk in Women Treated with Fertility Drugs According to Parity Status-A Registry-based Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 26:953-962. [PMID: 28108444 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Long-term safety of assisted reproductive techniques (ART) is of interest as their use is increasing. Cancer risk is known to be affected by parity. This study examined the risk of cancer after fertility treatment, stratified by women's parity.Methods: Data were obtained from all women (n = 1,353,724) born in Norway between 1960 and 1996. Drug exposure data (2004-2014) were obtained from the Norwegian Prescription Database (drugs used in ART and clomiphene citrate). The Medical Birth Registry of Norway provided parity status. HRs were calculated for all site cancer, breast, cervical, endometrial, ovarian, colorectal, central nervous system, thyroid cancer, and malignant melanoma.Results: In 12,354,392 person-years of follow-up, 20,128 women were diagnosed with cancer. All-site cancer risk was 1.14 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.03-1.26] and 1.10 (95% CI, 0.98-1.23) after clomiphene citrate and ART exposure, respectively. For ovarian cancer, a stronger association was observed for both exposures in nulliparous (HR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.30-4.78; and HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 0.78-3.35) versus parous women (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.64-2.96; and HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.33-2.27). Elevated risk of endometrial cancers was observed for clomiphene citrate exposure in nulliparous women (HR, 4.49; 95% CI, 2.66-7.60 vs. HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.67-3.42). Risk was elevated for breast cancer in parous women exposed to clomiphene citrate (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.03-1.54) for thyroid cancer and among nulliparous women after ART treatment (HR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.08-4.44).Conclusions: Clomiphene citrate appears associated with increased risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer. Elevations in risks of breast and thyroid cancer were less consistent across type of drug exposure and parity.Impact: Continued monitoring of fertility treatments is warranted. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(6); 953-62. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marte Myhre Reigstad
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Women's Health, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. .,Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ritsa Storeng
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Women's Health, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Åge Myklebust
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nan Birgitte Oldereid
- Section for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Katerine Omland
- Section for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude Eid Robsahm
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Louise Annette Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Siri Vangen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Women's Health, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Furu
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Kristin Larsen
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Koushik A, Grundy A, Abrahamowicz M, Arseneau J, Gilbert L, Gotlieb WH, Lacaille J, Mes-Masson AM, Parent MÉ, Provencher DM, Richardson L, Siemiatycki J. Hormonal and reproductive factors and the risk of ovarian cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2017; 28:393-403. [PMID: 28102526 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-016-0848-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hormone-related factors have been associated with ovarian cancer, the strongest being parity and oral contraceptive use. Given reductions in birth rates and increases in oral contraceptive use over time, associations in more recent birth cohorts may differ. Furthermore, consideration of ovarian cancer heterogeneity (i.e., Type I/II invasive cancers) may contribute to a better understanding of etiology. We examined hormone-related factors in relation to ovarian cancer risk overall, for Type I and Type II cancers, as well as borderline tumors. METHODS A population-based case-control study was carried out in Montreal, Canada from 2011 to 2016, including 496 cases and 908 controls. For each hormone-related variable, adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression for ovarian cancer overall, and using polytomous logistic regression for associations by tumor behavior and ovarian cancer type. RESULTS Parity was inversely associated with risk overall and by tumor behavior and type, with a stronger OR (95% CI) for Type I [0.09 (0.04-0.24) for ≥3 full-term births vs. nulliparity] vs. Type II [0.66 (0.43-1.02)] invasive cancers; the OR (95% CI) for borderline tumors was 0.41 (0.22-0.77). Oral contraceptive ever use was not associated with risk overall, but ≥10 years of use vs. never use reduced risk, particularly for invasive cancers. A history of endometriosis was most strongly associated with Type I cancers. Associations with other factors were less clear. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that associations with some hormone-related factors may differ between borderline and invasive Type I and II ovarian cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Koushik
- Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), 850 Saint-Denis Street, 2nd Floor, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Anne Grundy
- Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), 850 Saint-Denis Street, 2nd Floor, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michal Abrahamowicz
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jocelyne Arseneau
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lucy Gilbert
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Walter H Gotlieb
- Gynecologic Oncology and Colposcopy, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Lacaille
- Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), 850 Saint-Denis Street, 2nd Floor, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), 850 Saint-Denis Street, 2nd Floor, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Élise Parent
- Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), 850 Saint-Denis Street, 2nd Floor, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, University of Quebec, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Diane M Provencher
- Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), 850 Saint-Denis Street, 2nd Floor, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lesley Richardson
- Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), 850 Saint-Denis Street, 2nd Floor, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jack Siemiatycki
- Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), 850 Saint-Denis Street, 2nd Floor, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rasmussen CB, Kjaer SK, Albieri V, Bandera EV, Doherty JA, Høgdall E, Webb PM, Jordan SJ, Rossing MA, Wicklund KG, Goodman MT, Modugno F, Moysich KB, Ness RB, Edwards RP, Schildkraut JM, Berchuck A, Olson SH, Kiemeney LA, Massuger LFAG, Narod SA, Phelan CM, Anton-Culver H, Ziogas A, Wu AH, Pearce CL, Risch HA, Jensen A. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and the Risk of Ovarian Cancer and Borderline Ovarian Tumors: A Pooled Analysis of 13 Case-Control Studies. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 185:8-20. [PMID: 27941069 PMCID: PMC5209588 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been implicated in ovarian carcinogenesis. However, studies investigating the association between pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and ovarian cancer risk are few and inconsistent. We investigated the association between PID and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer according to tumor behavior and histotype. We pooled data from 13 case-control studies, conducted between 1989 and 2009, from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC), including 9,162 women with ovarian cancers, 2,354 women with borderline tumors, and 14,736 control participants. Study-specific odds ratios were estimated and subsequently combined into a pooled odds ratio using a random-effects model. A history of PID was associated with an increased risk of borderline tumors (pooled odds ratio (pOR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10, 1.58). Women with at least 2 episodes of PID had a 2-fold increased risk of borderline tumors (pOR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.08, 4.24). No association was observed between PID and ovarian cancer risk overall (pOR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.19); however, a statistically nonsignificantly increased risk of low-grade serous tumors (pOR = 1.48, 95% CI: 0.92, 2.38) was noted. In conclusion, PID was associated with an increased risk of borderline ovarian tumors, particularly among women who had had multiple episodes of PID. Although our results indicated a histotype-specific association with PID, the association of PID with ovarian cancer risk is still somewhat uncertain and requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Allan Jensen
- Correspondence to Dr. Allan Jensen, Virus, Lifestyle and Genes Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Associations of parity and age at first pregnancy with overall and cause-specific mortality in the Cancer Prevention Study II. Fertil Steril 2017; 107:179-188.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
40
|
Soini T, Hurskainen R, Grénman S, Mäenpää J, Paavonen J, Pukkala E. Impact of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system use on the cancer risk of the ovary and fallopian tube. Acta Oncol 2016; 55:1281-1284. [PMID: 27148621 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2016.1175660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) is used for contraception and heavy menstrual bleeding. A long-term hormone therapy can modify the risk of gynecologic cancers. Little is known about the impact of LNG-IUS use on the risk for invasive and borderline ovarian tumor subtypes or for primary fallopian tube carcinoma. We examined the associations of LNG-IUS use with these tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS We identified from the national Medical Reimbursement Registry of Finland the women aged 30-49 years who had used LNG-IUS for menorrhagia in 1994-2007, and from the Finnish Cancer Registry ovarian cancers and primary fallopian tube carcinomas diagnosed before the age of 55 and by the end of 2013. RESULTS A total of 77 invasive ovarian cancers and seven primary fallopian tube carcinoma cases were diagnosed in a cohort of 93 843 LNG-IUS users during the follow-up of 1 083 126 women-years. The LNG-IUS users had decreased risk for both invasive ovarian cancer [standardized incidence ratio (SIR) 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47-0.73] and for borderline ovarian tumors (SIR 0.76, 95% CI 0.57-0.99) as compared to the background population. The risk of primary fallopian tube carcinoma was not increased (SIR 1.22, 95% CI 0.49-2.50). Decreased risks for mucinous (SIR 0.49, 95% CI 0.24-0.87), endometrioid (SIR 0.55, 95% CI 0.28-0.98), and serous ovarian carcinomas (SIR 0.75, 95% CI 0.55-0.99) were seen in LNG-IUS users. CONCLUSIONS LNG-IUS use associated with decreased risk for both invasive and borderline ovarian tumors. The incidence of primary fallopian tube carcinoma did not significantly differ between LNG-IUS users and the background population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli Soini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyvinkää Hospital, Hyvinkää, Finland
| | - Ritva Hurskainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyvinkää Hospital, Hyvinkää, Finland
| | - Seija Grénman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Mäenpää
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, University of Tampere, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Paavonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kessous R, Walfisch A, Meirovitz M, Davidson E, Sergienko R, Sheiner E. Preterm delivery and future maternal risk of female malignancies. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 295:205-210. [PMID: 27614746 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-016-4198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether an association exists between preterm delivery and a future risk for female malignancies. METHODS A population-based study compared the incidence of long-term female malignancies in a cohort of women with and without a history of PTD. Deliveries occurred between the years 1988-2013, with a mean follow-up duration of 12 years. We excluded women with known genetic predisposition or malignancies prior to the index pregnancy. Malignancies investigated included ovarian, uterine, breast and cervix. Cumulative incidence was assessed using a Kaplan-Meier survival curve. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for female malignancy. RESULTS During the study period, 105,033 women met the inclusion criteria; 16.8 % (n = 17,596) of the patients delivered preterm. Patients with a history of PTD did not have an increased risk of later being diagnosed with female malignancies. The results remained insignificant in a sub-analysis based on malignancy type, early PTD, induced vs. spontaneous, and number of episodes per patient. Kaplan-Meier cumulative incidence was similar between the groups, and the adjusted HR was not significant (1.04, 95 % CI 0.88-1.22; p = 0.665). CONCLUSION A history of PTD does not appear to elevate the risk for subsequent long-term female malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roy Kessous
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 151, Beer Sheva, 84101, Israel
| | - Asnat Walfisch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 151, Beer Sheva, 84101, Israel.
| | - Mihai Meirovitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 151, Beer Sheva, 84101, Israel
| | - Ehud Davidson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka University Medical Center, Clalit Health Services (Southern District), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ruslan Sergienko
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Eyal Sheiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 151, Beer Sheva, 84101, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gottschau M, Mellemkjaer L, Hannibal CG, Kjaer SK. Ovarian and tubal cancer in Denmark: an update on incidence and survival. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2016; 95:1181-9. [DOI: 10.1111/aogs.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Gottschau
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes; Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Lene Mellemkjaer
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes; Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Charlotte G. Hannibal
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes; Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Susanne K. Kjaer
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes; Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Gynecology; Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Manenda MS, Hamel CJ, Masselot-Joubert L, Picard MÈ, Shi R. Androgen-metabolizing enzymes: A structural perspective. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 161:54-72. [PMID: 26924584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Androgen-metabolizing enzymes convert cholesterol, a relatively inert molecule, into some of the most potent chemical messengers in vertebrates. This conversion involves thermodynamically challenging reactions catalyzed by P450 enzymes and redox reactions catalyzed by Aldo-Keto Reductases (AKRs). This review covers the structures of these enzymes with a focus on active site interactions and proposed mechanisms. Due to their role in a number of diseases, particularly in cancer, androgen-metabolizing enzymes have been targets of drug design. Hence we will also highlight how existing knowledge of structure is being used to this end.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahder Seifu Manenda
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Charles Jérémie Hamel
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Loreleï Masselot-Joubert
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Picard
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Rong Shi
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kanekura K, Nishi H, Isaka K, Kuroda M. MicroRNA and gynecologic cancers. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2016; 42:612-7. [PMID: 27098274 DOI: 10.1111/jog.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Gynecologic malignancies are serious problems in female health. Here we aim to discuss the involvement of microRNA (miRNA) in the pathogenesis of gynecologic cancers and use of miRNA profiles for diagnosis of diseases. METHODS In order to obtain information needed for this review, we searched the PubMed database with the following keywords: miRNA and ovarian cancer; miRNA and cervical cancer; and miRNA and endometrial cancer. RESULTS Recent explosive investigations in the field have dramatically expanded our knowledge of the roles of miRNA in the pathology of gynecologic malignancies. In ovarian cancer, miRNA participates in the development of drug resistance. In cervical cancer and endometrial cancer, miRNA play essential roles in important oncogenic processes, including cell proliferation, migration and metastasis. miRNA also have high potentials to be used as biomarkers in these diseases. CONCLUSION Further validation of the studies and improvement of the methods will result in the broader use of miRNA in the diagnosis of diseases as well as in understanding of the pathomechanisms of gynecologic cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohsuke Kanekura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Nishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Isaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kuroda
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ren YA, Mullany LK, Liu Z, Herron AJ, Wong KK, Richards JS. Mutant p53 Promotes Epithelial Ovarian Cancer by Regulating Tumor Differentiation, Metastasis, and Responsiveness to Steroid Hormones. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2206-18. [PMID: 26964623 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the tumor protein p53 (TP53) are the most frequently occurring genetic events in high-grade ovarian cancers, especially the prevalence of the Trp53(R172H)-mutant allele. In this study, we investigated the impact of the Trp53(R172H)-mutant allele on epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in vivo We used the Pten/Kras(G12D)-mutant mouse strain that develops serous EOC with 100% penetrance to introduce the mutant Trp53(R172H) allele (homolog for human Trp53(R172H)). We demonstrate that the Trp53(R172H) mutation promoted EOC but had differential effects on disease features and progression depending on the presence or absence of the wild-type (WT) TP53 allele. Heterozygous WT/Trp53(R172H) alleles facilitated invasion into the ovarian stroma, accelerated intraperitoneal metastasis, and reduced TP53 transactivation activity but retained responsiveness to nutlin-3a, an activator of WT TP53. Moreover, high levels of estrogen receptor α in these tumors enhanced the growth of both primary and metastatic tumors in response to estradiol. Ovarian tumors homozygous for Trp53(R172H) mutation were undifferentiated and highly metastatic, exhibited minimal TP53 transactivation activity, and expressed genes with potential regulatory functions in EOC development. Notably, heterozygous WT/Trp53(R172H) mice also presented mucinous cystadenocarcinomas at 12 weeks of age, recapitulating human mucinous ovarian tumors, which also exhibit heterozygous TP53 mutations (∼50%-60%) and KRAS mutations. Therefore, we present the first mouse model of mucinous tumor formation from ovarian cells and supporting evidence that mutant TP53 is a key regulator of EOC progression, differentiation, and responsiveness to steroid hormones. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2206-18. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi A Ren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lisa K Mullany
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhilin Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Alan J Herron
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kwong-Kwok Wong
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - JoAnne S Richards
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bianchi MLE, Leoncini E, Masciullo M, Modoni A, Gadalla SM, Massa R, Rastelli E, Terracciano C, Antonini G, Bucci E, Petrucci A, Costanzi S, Santoro M, Boccia S, Silvestri G. Increased risk of tumor in DM1 is not related to exposure to common lifestyle risk factors. J Neurol 2016; 263:492-8. [PMID: 26739382 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-8006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies documented an increased risk of neoplasm in patients with myotonic dystrophies (DM). Yet, none of these studies evaluated the contribution of common cancer risk factors in such observation. In this study, we included a cohort of patients (n = 255) with an established molecular diagnosis of DM type 1 (DM1), and who receives their treatment in one of the four centers with recognized expertise in neuromuscular disorders in Rome. We estimated the prevalence of benign and malignant tumors, and assessed if lifestyle factors and/or specific disease features would be associated to their occurrence. Overall, 59 benign tumors in 54 patients and 19 malignant tumors in 17 patients were diagnosed. The most common malignant neoplasms were cancers of the skin (31.6%), thyroid (21.0%), ovary (10.5%), and breast (10.5%). Uterine fibroid was the most common benign tumor (37.6%) in women, while pilomatricoma was the most common in men (28.6%). Age at enrollment (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.05), and female gender (OR = 5.71, 95% CI 2.90-11.22) were associated with tumor development in DM1 patients, while thyroid disorders was associated with malignant tumors only in women (OR = 5.12, 95% CI 1.35-19.37). There was no association between tumor development and evaluated lifestyle factors. In conclusion, the lack of association between common cancer risk factors and tumor development in DM1 support a pathogenic link between tumors and DM1 itself, emphasizing the need for a systematic surveillance. Our observation of an association between thyroid diseases in women and cancer development needs confirmation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Ester Bianchi
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Modoni
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Shahinaz M Gadalla
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roberto Massa
- Department of Systems Medicine (Neurology), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rastelli
- Department of Systems Medicine (Neurology), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Terracciano
- Department of Systems Medicine (Neurology), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Antonini
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bucci
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Petrucci
- Unità Operativa Complessa Neurologia e Neurofisiopatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Costanzi
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Center for Neuromuscular and Neurological Rare Diseases, S. Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Boccia
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Hygiene, UCSC, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Silvestri
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
The global incidence of cancer is expected to increase substantially over the next decades. This trend is very much driven by a rise in lifestyle-related cancers due to economic and demographic transitions worldwide. Lifestyle factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, diet, and physical inactivity, and also reproductive and hormonal factors are considered as causes of cancer and main targets for primary prevention. While smoking, which may be responsible for around 20% to 30% of all incident cancers, is clearly the strongest lifestyle-related risk factor overall, followed by alcohol consumption and obesity, the importance of specific factors for individual cancer types and subtypes varies greatly. Remarkably, it has been argued that half of all cancers in industrially developed and affluent societies could be avoided by nonsmoking, reducing alcohol consumption, weight control and physical activity, a plant-based diet, and breast-feeding.
Collapse
|
48
|
Number of parity and the risk of gallbladder cancer: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of observational studies. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2015; 293:1087-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-015-3896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
49
|
Fortner RT, Ose J, Merritt MA, Schock H, Tjønneland A, Hansen L, Overvad K, Dossus L, Clavel-Chapelon F, Baglietto L, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, Benetou V, Lagiou P, Agnoli C, Matiello A, Masala G, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Bueno-de-Mesquita H, Onland-Moret NC, Peeters PH, Weiderpass E, Gram IT, Duell EJ, Larrañaga N, Ardanaz E, Sánchez MJ, Chirlaque MD, Brändstedt J, Idahl A, Lundin E, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Travis RC, Rinaldi S, Romieu I, Gunter MJ, Riboli E, Kaaks R. Reproductive and hormone-related risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer by histologic pathways, invasiveness and histologic subtypes: Results from the EPIC cohort. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:1196-208. [PMID: 25656413 PMCID: PMC6284794 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Whether risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) differ by subtype (i.e., dualistic pathway of carcinogenesis, histologic subtype) is not well understood; however, data to date suggest risk factor differences. We examined associations between reproductive and hormone-related risk factors for EOC by subtype in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Among 334,126 women with data on reproductive and hormone-related risk factors (follow-up: 1992-2010), 1,245 incident cases of EOC with known histology and invasiveness were identified. Data on tumor histology, grade, and invasiveness, were available from cancer registries and pathology record review. We observed significant heterogeneity by the dualistic model (i.e., type I [low grade serous or endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell, malignant Brenner] vs. type II [high grade serous or endometrioid]) for full-term pregnancy (phet = 0.02). Full-term pregnancy was more strongly inversely associated with type I than type II tumors (ever vs. never: type I: relative risk (RR) 0.47 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33-0.69]; type II, RR: 0.81 [0.61-1.06]). We observed no significant differences in risk in analyses by major histologic subtypes of invasive EOC (serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell). None of the investigated factors were associated with borderline tumors. Established protective factors, including duration of oral contraceptive use and full term pregnancy, were consistently inversely associated with risk across histologic subtypes (e.g., ever full-term pregnancy: serous, RR: 0.73 [0.58-0.92]; mucinous, RR: 0.53 [0.30-0.95]; endometrioid, RR: 0.65 [0.40-1.06]; clear cell, RR: 0.34 [0.18-0.64]; phet = 0.16). These results suggest limited heterogeneity between reproductive and hormone-related risk factors and EOC subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Ose
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg Germany
| | - Melissa A. Merritt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Schock
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - Louise Hansen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Laure Dossus
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women’s Health Team, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Françoise Clavel-Chapelon
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women’s Health Team, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Greece
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Benetou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Greece
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Amalia Matiello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federco II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute – ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, ‘Civic - M.P. Arezzo’ Hospita, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, AO Citta' della Salute e della Scienza-University of Turin and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - H.B(as). Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N. Charlotte Onland-Moret
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Epidemiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra H. Peeters
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Epidemiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Inger Torhild Gram
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eric J Duell
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nerea Larrañaga
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Basque Health Department, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María-José Sánchez
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA. Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M-D Chirlaque
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jenny Brändstedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Annika Idahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eva Lundin
- Departments of Medical Biosciences and Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, OX30NR Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Marc J. Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tarín JJ, García-Pérez MA, Hamatani T, Cano A. Infertility etiologies are genetically and clinically linked with other diseases in single meta-diseases. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:31. [PMID: 25880215 PMCID: PMC4404574 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review aims to ascertain whether different infertility etiologies share particular genes and/or molecular pathways with other pathologies and are associated with distinct and particular risks of later-life morbidity and mortality. In order to reach this aim, we use two different sources of information: (1) a public web server named DiseaseConnect ( http://disease-connect.org ) focused on the analysis of common genes and molecular mechanisms shared by diseases by integrating comprehensive omics and literature data; and (2) a literature search directed to find clinical comorbid relationships of infertility etiologies with only those diseases appearing after infertility is manifested. This literature search is performed because DiseaseConnect web server does not discriminate between pathologies emerging before, concomitantly or after infertility is manifested. Data show that different infertility etiologies not only share particular genes and/or molecular pathways with other pathologies but they have distinct clinical relationships with other diseases appearing after infertility is manifested. In particular, (1) testicular and high-grade prostate cancer in male infertility; (2) non-fatal stroke and endometrial cancer, and likely non-fatal coronary heart disease and ovarian cancer in polycystic ovary syndrome; (3) osteoporosis, psychosexual dysfunction, mood disorders and dementia in premature ovarian failure; (4) breast and ovarian cancer in carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations in diminished ovarian reserve; (5) clear cell and endometrioid histologic subtypes of invasive ovarian cancer, and likely low-grade serous invasive ovarian cancer, melanoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in endometriosis; and (6) endometrial and ovarian cancer in idiopathic infertility. The present data endorse the principle that the occurrence of a disease (in our case infertility) is non-random in the population and suggest that different infertility etiologies are genetically and clinically linked with other diseases in single meta-diseases. This finding opens new insights for clinicians and reproductive biologists to treat infertility problems using a phenomic approach instead of considering infertility as an isolated and exclusive disease of the reproductive system/hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. In agreement with a previous validation analysis of the utility of DiseaseConnect web server, the present study does not show a univocal correspondence between common gene expression and clinical comorbid relationship. Further work is needed to untangle the potential genetic, epigenetic and phenotypic relationships that may be present among different infertility etiologies, morbid conditions and physical/cognitive traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Tarín
- Department of Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, 46100, Spain.
| | - Miguel A García-Pérez
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, 46100, Spain.
- Research Unit-INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia, 46010, Spain.
| | - Toshio Hamatani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Antonio Cano
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, 46010, Spain.
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinic Hospital, Valencia, 46010, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|