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Hussein AM, Attia DI, Zayed BEDM, Rashed LA, El-Sherif GHED. Pulmonary Functions and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Among Silica-Exposed Foundry Workers. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:437-442. [PMID: 36821727 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes of the ventilatory function tests and the oxidative stress biomarkers among silica-exposed foundry workers. METHODS The exposed group included 70 workers in an iron foundry. The nonexposed group included 40 subjects from Kasralainy outpatient clinic. Both groups were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, chest radiograph, spirometry, urinary silica, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-HdG). RESULTS Higher urinary silica, serum MDA and serum 8-HdG, whereas lower serum GPx and ventilatory functions were detected in the exposed group compared with the controls. All parameters correlated with urinary silica. The exposed silicotic subgroup had increased work duration, urinary silica, serum MDA, and serum 8-HdG, and decreased serum GPx and ventilatory functions compared with non-silicotic subgroup. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress biomarkers were abnormal with impairment of ventilatory functions among silica-exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Mohamed Hussein
- From the Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt (A.M.H., D.I.A., G.H.E.-D.E.-S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt (B.E.-D.M.Z.); and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt (L.A.R.)
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2
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Tohidi R, Farahani VJ, Sioutas C. Real-time measurements of mineral dust concentration in coarse particulate matter (PM 10-2.5) by employing a novel optical-based technique in Los Angeles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156215. [PMID: 35623535 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a primary component of coarse particulate matter (PM), ambient mineral dust has been linked to adverse health effects. Los Angeles, the largest metropolitan urban area of the United States, is impacted by both windblown and localized sources of mineral dust, often internally mixed with black carbon. The estimation of mineral dust concentrations with a high time resolution becomes critical in improving our understanding of its sources and temporal trends. Using Aethalometers combined with a high-volume virtual impactor (VI) to enrich coarse (2.5 <dp < 10 μm) particles, the light absorption and mass concentration of mineral dust were estimated in real-time during summer, fall, and winter over 2020-2021. The concentration-enriched coarse PM was collected on Teflon filters, and its chemical composition in terms of trace elements and metals was chemically quantified. The high time-resolution measurements enabled us to calculate the absorption coefficient of enriched dust particles by subtracting the light absorption of the post-VI coarse PM from that of the PM2.5 aerosol fraction to reduce the impact of stronger light absorbers in ambient PM. Mineral dust was more prevalent during the fall and winter campaigns (i.e., 19.3 and 11.4 μg/m3, respectively), lower concentrations were observed during the summer campaign (i.e., 8.50 μg/m3). The calculated absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) was 2.18, highlighting the presence of dust particles during the sampling period. The dust mass absorption coefficient was estimated to be 2.7 ± 1.6 Mm-1 at 370 nm and 0.41 ± 0.16 Mm-1 at 880 nm wavelengths, respectively. The validation of the proposed approach was investigated by comparing the evaluated mineral dust mass concentrations in this study with the reported coarse PM concentrations by the California Air Resources Board (CARB). The results reported by the optical-based approach with high temporal resolution can provide crucial information on identifying sources of mineral dust in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Tohidi
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vahid Jalali Farahani
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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3
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Butt IM, Mustafa T, Rauf S, Razzaq A, Anwer J. Pulmonary function parameters among marble industry workers in Lahore, Pakistan. F1000Res 2021; 10:938. [PMID: 34868564 PMCID: PMC8609395 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.52749.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Occupational contact with dust particles is a well-known phenomenon, particularly in developing countries of the world. Crystalline silica present in marble dust is the main etiology of a rising prevalence of obstructive lung diseases in marble stone workers, who are in direct contact with marble dust in the surrounding environment during their regular work. The purpose of this study was to compare the pulmonary function parameters of workers in marble workshops and age matched healthy individuals in the Lahore District of Pakistan. Methods: The study included 164 male individuals, 82 individuals working in marble workshops and 82 healthy individuals from the same community. Data were collected through in-person interviews using a structured questionnaire after obtaining written consent. A Spiro Lab spirometry for pulmonary function tests was used to identify any change in the lung function parameters. FVC% (forced vital capacity), FEV 1 (forced expiratory volume in first second) and FEV1 / FVC ratio were evaluated. Results: Mean age in the exposed group (marble workers) and non-exposed group (healthy individuals) were 29.92 ± 6.19 and 30.58 ± 6.37 years, respectively. The mean years of work experience of the exposed group was 11.92 ± 5.67 years. A statistically insignificant difference was observed between marble exposed workers & healthy individuals from the demographic variables. Lung function parameters in marble workers exhibited a highly significant (P < 0.001) decrease in FVC%, FEV 1 & FEV 1 / FVC ratio when compared to healthy individuals. Seventy-one percent of marble workers had abnormal pulmonary parameters whereas 34% of workers had restrictive pulmonary impairment. Marble workers who had worked for more than 15 years had a highly significant risk of developing abnormal pulmonary function (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Continuous exposure to marble dust deteriorates the lung function of marble workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tajammal Mustafa
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahnaz Rauf
- Al Aleem Medical College, Gulab Devi Teaching Hospital, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Anjum Razzaq
- Institute of Public Health, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Javaria Anwer
- Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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Souza TP, Tongeren M, Monteiro I. Respiratory health and silicosis in artisanal mine workers in southern Brazil. Am J Ind Med 2021; 64:511-518. [PMID: 33774816 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) are an important source of employment in southern Brazil. Mining workers are frequently exposed to unhealthy work conditions which increase the risk of occupational diseases. In this study, we assessed the association of sociodemographic factors and the occupational history of artisanal mining workers with the risk of adverse respiratory outcomes. METHODS The study was conducted with 258 artisanal mining workers in southern Brazil, who were exposed to dust (mainly crystalline silica) in their work. Information on sociodemographic variables and occupational histories was collected between 2017 and 2018. To estimate the worker's exposure to inhalable dust we use the Advanced REACH (Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals) Tool (ART). RESULTS Study participants were all men, with an average age of 40 years. Median crude dust exposure estimated by ART was 13.2 mg/m³ and median crude crystalline silica exposure was 1.6 mg/m3 . The prevalence ratio (PR) for self-reported silicosis was 3.08 (95% confidence interval, 1.39-7.17) in workers with 20 years or more of mining work. Factors associated with silicosis were age, pack-years of tobacco use, and body mass index. Smokers were over twice as likely to report respiratory symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that a high prevalence of silicosis and other associated diseases in mining workers is associated with both unhealthy work environment conditions and the health profile of workers. This study is an important step for understanding health outcomes from work in ASM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires P. Souza
- Faculty of Nursing University of Campinas Campinas São Paulo Brazil
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Martie Tongeren
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Inês Monteiro
- Faculty of Nursing University of Campinas Campinas São Paulo Brazil
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5
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Skaaby S, Flachs EM, Lange P, Schlünssen V, Marott JL, Brauer C, Nordestgaard BG, Sadhra S, Kurmi O, Bonde JPE. Chronic productive cough and inhalant occupational exposure-a study of the general population. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 94:1033-1040. [PMID: 33559749 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-020-01634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Occupational inhalant exposures have been linked with a higher occurrence of chronic productive cough, but recent studies question the association. METHODS We included participants from two general population studies, the Copenhagen City General Population Study and the Copenhagen City Heart Study, to assess contemporary (year 2003-2017) and historical (1976-1983) occupational inhalant hazards. Job titles one year prior to study inclusion and an airborne chemical job-exposure matrix (ACE JEM) were used to estimate occupational exposure. The association between occupational exposures and self-reported chronic productive cough was studied using generalized estimating equations stratified by smoking status and cohort. RESULTS The population consisted of 5210 working individuals aged 20-65 from 1976 to 1983 and 64,279 from 2003 to 2017. In smokers, exposure to high levels of mineral dust, biological dust, gases & fumes and the composite variable vapours, gases, dusts or fumes (VGDF) were associated with chronic productive cough in both cohorts with odds ratios in the range of 1.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.0;1.4) to 1.6 (1.2;2.1). High levels of biological dust were only associated with an increased risk of a chronic productive cough in the 2003-2017 cohort (OR 1.5 (1.1;2.0)). In non-smokers, high levels of VGDF (OR 1.5 (1.0;2.3)) and low levels of mineral dust (OR 1.7 (1.1;2.4)) were associated with chronic productive cough in the 1976-1983 cohort, while no associations were seen in non-smokers in the 2003-2017 cohort. CONCLUSION Occupational inhalant exposure remains associated with a modestly increased risk of a chronic productive cough in smokers, despite declining exposure levels during the past four decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stinna Skaaby
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark.
| | - Esben Meulengracht Flachs
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Peter Lange
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Medicine, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.,National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Louis Marott
- Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Brauer
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Steven Sadhra
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Om Kurmi
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jens Peter Ellekilde Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark.,Institute of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Keramydas D, Bakakos P, Alchanatis M, Papalexis P, Konstantakopoulos I, Tavernaraki K, Dracopoulos V, Papadakis A, Pantazi E, Chelidonis G, Chaidoutis E, Constantinidis TC, Tsitsimpikou C, Kavantzas N, Patsouris E, Tsarouhas K, Spandidos DA, Lazaris AC. Investigation of the health effects on workers exposed to respirable crystalline silica during outdoor and underground construction projects. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:882-889. [PMID: 32742330 PMCID: PMC7388242 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure of workers to powder containing crystalline silica (Silicon dioxide; SiO2) can lead to chronic lung diseases (lung cancer, silicosis, etc.). Aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure of Greek construction workers to SiO2 and describe their pulmonary function. The study involved 86 outdoor and underground workers. Medical and professional history was obtained, and breath samples were collected at morning hours through a mask for the determination of SiO2 levels. Pulmonary function tests, radiological examination and evaluation of radiographs were also performed. Pulmonary function examination showed that the majority of the workers were within normal range (61.4%) while the rest were diagnosed with mild (26.5%) and more severe impairment (7.24%). Working conditions (underground-outdoor) were statistically significantly related to the categorization of pulmonary function (P=0.038). During radiological examination, the type of working activity/ conditions (underground-outdoor) were statistically significantly related to the categorization of these findings (P=0.044). Of the 69 employees, 52 did not present findings (75.4%) and 5 were diagnosed with findings specific to occupational diseases (7.23%). Environmental exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) was detected at 0.0125 mg/m3 in the workplace, which is not beyond the legal limits. Underground workers with more than 15 years of exposure to SiO2 are more likely to present chronic silicosis compared to the workers of outdoor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Keramydas
- 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Bakakos
- 1st Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Manos Alchanatis
- 1st Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Papalexis
- 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Konstantakopoulos
- Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, National Focal Point of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA), 10110 Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Tavernaraki
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, ‘Sotiria’ Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios Dracopoulos
- Hellenic Institute for Occupational Health and Safety (ELINYAE), 10445 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Eugenia Pantazi
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Chelidonis
- National Actuarial Authority, 10559 Athens, Greece, Ministry of Interior, 10563 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Theodoros C. Constantinidis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Democritus University of Thrace, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos Kavantzas
- 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstratios Patsouris
- 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andreas Ch. Lazaris
- 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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7
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Gholami A, Tajik R, Atif K, Zarei AA, Abbaspour S, Teimori-Boghsani G, Attar M. Respiratory Symptoms and Diminished Lung Functions Associated with Occupational Dust Exposure Among Iron Ore Mine Workers in Iran. Open Respir Med J 2020; 14:1-7. [PMID: 32509034 PMCID: PMC7254822 DOI: 10.2174/1874306402014010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dust exposure at quarry mines is inevitable and can result in poor air quality. This research aimed to assess pulmonary symptoms and lung functions of dust-exposed workers at an iron-ore mine in eastern Iran. Methods: An environmental cross-sectional study sampled 174 dust-exposed mine workers and 93 unexposed administrative employees as the reference group. A standardized questionnaire on respiratory symptoms was completed in accordance with recommendations of the American Thoracic Society(ATS). Calibrated spirometer measured Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs). Data were analyzed via SPSS-21, integrating independent samples t-test, Chi-square and linear or logistic-regression models. Results: There was no significant variation between dust-exposed and reference groups in terms of age, weight, height, work experience and the number of smokers (P>0.05). Mean levels of exposure to inhalable and respirable mineral-dust were 15.09±2.34 and 3.45±2.57 mg/m3 respectively. Pulmonary capacities of dust-exposed group were considerably decreased as compared to others (Forced Vital Capacity [FVC] 86.55±13.77 vs. 105.05±21.5; Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second [FEV1] 88.06±16.8 vs. 105.81±21.55; FEV1/FVC 103.03±18.17 vs. 93.3±12.49; and Peak Expiratory Flow [PEF] 89.82±22.58 vs. 98.09±20.60) (P<0.001); with a higher prevalence of cough (P=0.041), wheezing (P=0.032), and dyspnea (P=0.035) among formers. Age along with exposure to respirable-dust significantly reduced FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC. Cigarette consumption attenuated FVC and FEV1 on an average of 5 to 9 units. Conclusion: Controlled occupational dust-exposure is a definitive pre-requisite to reduce respiratory problems among quarry workers, with an explicit consideration towards mineral- mine workers. Modifiable accomplices like smoking and non-compliance of PPEs usage should be amicably resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Gholami
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Health, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Reza Tajik
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Khaula Atif
- Health Care Administrator, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Amin Allah Zarei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.,Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Abbaspour
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Gholamheidar Teimori-Boghsani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.,Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mohsen Attar
- Vice Chancellery of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
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Neophytou AM, Costello S, Picciotto S, Noth EM, Liu S, Lutzker L, Balmes JR, Hammond K, Cullen MR, Eisen EA. Accelerated lung function decline in an aluminium manufacturing industry cohort exposed to PM 2.5: an application of the parametric g-formula. Occup Environ Med 2019; 76:888-894. [PMID: 31615860 PMCID: PMC7771835 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2019-105908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Occupational dust exposure has been associated with accelerated lung function decline, which in turn is associated with overall morbidity and mortality. In the current study, we assess potential benefits on lung function of hypothetical interventions that would reduce occupational exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) while adjusting for the healthy worker survivor effect. METHODS Analyses were performed in a cohort of 6485 hourly male workers in an aluminium manufacturing company in the USA, followed between 1996 and 2013. We used the parametric g-formula to assess lung function decline over time under hypothetical interventions while also addressing time-varying confounding by underlying health status, using a composite risk score based on health insurance claims. RESULTS A counterfactual scenario envisioning a limit on exposure equivalent to the 10th percentile of the observed exposure distribution of 0.05 mg/m3 was associated with an improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) equivalent to 37.6 mL (95% CI 13.6 to 61.6) after 10 years of follow-up when compared with the observed. Assuming a linear decrease and (from NHANES reference values), a 20 mL decrease per year for a 1.8 m-tall man as they age, this 37.6 mL FEV1 loss over 10 years associated with observed exposure would translate to approximately a 19% increase to the already expected loss per year from age alone. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that occupational PM2.5 exposure in the aluminium industry accelerates lung function decline over age. Reduction in exposure may mitigate accelerated loss of lung function over time in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M Neophytou
- Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sadie Costello
- School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sally Picciotto
- School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Noth
- School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sa Liu
- School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Liza Lutzker
- School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - John R Balmes
- School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Katharine Hammond
- School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Mark R Cullen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ellen A Eisen
- School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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9
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Wang Y, Peng A, Chen Z, Jin X, Gu C. Transformation of gaseous 2-bromophenol on clay mineral dust and the potential health effect. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:686-694. [PMID: 31035151 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron-bearing clays are ubiquitously distributed as mineral dusts in the atmosphere. Bromophenols were reported as the major products from thermal decomposition of the widely used brominated flame retardants (BFRs). However, little information is available for the reactivity of iron associated with mineral dusts to interact with the atmospheric bromophenols and the subsequent toxic effects. Herein, three common clay minerals (montmorillonite, illite and kaolinite) were used to simulate mineral dusts, and the reactions with gaseous 2-bromophenol were systematically investigated under environmentally relevant atmospheric conditions. Our results demonstrate that structural Fe(III) in montmorillonite and Fe(III) from iron oxide in illite mediated the dimerization of 2-bromophenol to form hydroxylated polybrominated biphenyl and hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ether. The surface reaction is favored to occur at moisture environment, since water molecules formed complex with 2-bromophenol and the reaction intermediates via hydrogen bond to significantly lower the reaction energy and promote the dimerization reaction. More importantly, the formed dioxin-like products on clay mineral dust increased the toxicity of the particles to A549 lung cell by decreasing cell survival and damaging cellular membrane and proteins. The results of this study indicate that not only mineral dust itself but also the associated surface reaction should be fully considered to accurately evaluate the toxic effect of mineral dust on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Anping Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Zeyou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China.
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10
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Moshammer H, Hutter HP. Breast-Feeding Protects Children from Adverse Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E304. [PMID: 30678089 PMCID: PMC6388144 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In a cross-sectional study on 433 schoolchildren (aged 6⁻9 years) from 9 schools in Austria, we observed associations between housing factors like passive smoking and lung function as well as improved lung function in children who had been breast-fed. The latter findings urged the question of whether the protective effects of breast-feeding act on environmental stressors or if they act independently. Therefore, the effect of passive smoking on lung function was stratified by breast-feeding. The detrimental effects of passive smoking were significant but restricted to the group of 53 children without breast-feeding. Breast-feeding counteracts the effect of environmental stressors on the growing respiratory organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanns Moshammer
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria.
| | - Hans-Peter Hutter
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria.
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Vercellino RJ, Sleeth DK, Handy RG, Min KT, Collingwood SC. Laboratory evaluation of a low-cost, real-time, aerosol multi-sensor. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2018; 15:559-567. [PMID: 29683781 PMCID: PMC6309410 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2018.1468565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to occupational aerosols are a known hazard in many industry sectors and can be a risk factor for several respiratory diseases. In this study, a laboratory evaluation of low-cost aerosol sensors, the Dylos DC1700 and a modified Dylos known as the Utah Modified Dylos Sensor (UMDS), was performed to assess the sensors' efficiency in sampling respirable and inhalable dust at high concentrations, which are most common in occupational settings. Dust concentrations were measured in a low-speed wind tunnel with 3 UMDSs, collocated with an aerosol spectrometer (Grimm 1.109) and gravimetric respirable and inhalable samplers. A total of 10 tests consisting of 5 different concentrations and 2 test aerosols, Arizona road dust and aluminum oxide, were conducted. For the Arizona road dust, total particle count was strongly related between the spectrometer and the UMDS with a coefficient of determination (R2) between 0.86-0.92. Particle count concentrations measured with the UMDS were converted to mass and also were related with gravimetrically collected inhalable and respirable dust. The UMDS small bin (i.e., all particles) compared to the inhalable sampler yielded an R2 of 0.86-0.92, and the large bin subtracted from the small bin (i.e., only the smallest particles) compared to the respirable sampler yielded an R2 of 0.93-0.997. Tests with the aluminum oxide demonstrated a substantially lower relationship across all comparisons. Furthermore, assessment of intra-instrument variability was consistent for all instruments, but inter-instrument variability indicated that each instrument requires its own calibration equation to yield accurate exposure estimates. Overall, it appears that the UMDS can be used as a low-cost tool to estimate respirable and inhalable concentrations found in many workplaces. Future studies will focus on deployment of a UMDS network in an occupational setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Vercellino
- a Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational & Environmental Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah
| | - Darrah K Sleeth
- a Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational & Environmental Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah
| | - Rodney G Handy
- a Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational & Environmental Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah
| | - Kyeong T Min
- b Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah
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Cigarettes, Smokeless Tobacco, and Poly-Tobacco Among Workers in Three Dusty Industries. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 58:477-84. [PMID: 27158955 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco use remains high among blue-collar workers, the health consequences of which may be compounded by occupational dust exposure. Detailed data on tobacco use among workers in dusty industries are lacking. METHODS The 2006 to 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health was used to compare current tobacco use prevalence [including cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (SLT), and both (dual use)] among male workers in three dusty industries to all other employed men using bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Smoking rates were high among extraction (39.9%) and construction (38.5%) workers. Increased odds of SLT (odds ratio = 3.3) and dual use (odds ratio = 2.6) were observed among dusty-industry workers compared with other employed men. The prevalence of any tobacco use was unexpectedly high among extraction workers (60.4%). CONCLUSIONS Disparities in tobacco use behaviors by industry may point to opportunities for targeted workplace tobacco cessation programs.
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Laitinen J, Koponen H, Sippula O, Korpijärvi K, Jumpponen M, Laitinen S, Aatamila M, Tissari J, Karhunen T, Ojanen K, Jokiniemi J, Korpinen L. Peak exposures to main components of ash and gaseous diesel exhausts in closed and open ash loading stations at biomass-fuelled power plants. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 185:183-191. [PMID: 28697424 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fly and bottom ashes are collected at power plants to reduce the environmental effects of energy production. However, handling the ashes causes health problems for operators, maintenance workers and truck drivers at the power plants. Hence, we evaluated ash loaders' peak inhalation exposures to the chemical components of ash and diesel exhausts in open and closed ash loading stations at biomass-fuelled combined heat and power plants. We also carried out chemical and morphological analyses of the ashes to evaluate their health hazard potential in order to find practical technical measures to reduce workers' exposure. On the basis of X-ray diffraction analyses, the main respirable crystalline ash compounds were SiO2, CaSO4, CaO, Ca2Al2SiO7, NaCl and Ca3Al2O6 in the fly ashes and SiO2, KAlSi3O8, NaAlSi3O8 and Ca2Al2SiO7 in the bottom ashes. The short-term exposure levels of respirable crystalline silica, inhalable inorganic dust, Cr, Mn, Ni and nitric oxide exceeded their Finnish eight hours occupational exposure limit values in the closed ash loading station. According to our observations, more attention should be paid to the ash-moistening process, the use of tank trucks instead of open cassette flatbed trucks, and the sealing of the loading line from the silo to the truck which would prevent spreading the ash into the air. The idling time of diesel trucks should also be limited, and ash loading stations should be equipped with exhaust gas ventilators. If working conditions make it impossible to keep to the OEL values, workers must use respirators and protect their eyes and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Laitinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 310, FI-70101 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Hanna Koponen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Sippula
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Korpijärvi
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1603, FI-40101 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mika Jumpponen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 310, FI-70101 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sirpa Laitinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 310, FI-70101 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjaleena Aatamila
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 310, FI-70101 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarkko Tissari
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tommi Karhunen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kari Ojanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 310, FI-70101 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jorma Jokiniemi
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leena Korpinen
- The Clinical Physiology and Neurophysiology Unit, The North Karelia Central Hospital and Honkalampi Centre, Tikkamäentie 16, FIN-80210 Joensuu, Finland
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Hariri A, Mohamad Noor N, Paiman NA, Ahmad Zaidi AM, Zainal Bakri SF. Heavy metals found in the breathing zone, toenails and lung function of welders working in an air-conditioned welding workplace. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2017; 24:646-651. [DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2017.1368950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azian Hariri
- Centre for Energy and Industrial Environment Studies (CEIES), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Noraishah Mohamad Noor
- Centre of Research and Innovation, DRB-HICOM University of Automotive Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Nuur Azreen Paiman
- Centre for Energy and Industrial Environment Studies (CEIES), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia
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Graber JM, Wackowski OA, Bover Manderski MT, Rose CS, Cohen RA, Delnevo CD. Assessing Tobacco Use Among Working Adults in the United States: the Need to Consider Poly-tobacco Use. J Occup Environ Med 2017; 59:e100. [PMID: 28486349 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith M Graber
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers, Piscataway, New Jersey Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
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High Cigarette and Poly-Tobacco Use Among Workers in a Dusty Industry: New Jersey Quarry Workers. J Occup Environ Med 2017; 58:e133-9. [PMID: 27058491 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tobacco use is high among US extraction and construction workers, who can also incur occupational dust exposure. Information on different types of tobacco use among quarry/mine workers is sparse. METHODS During mandated training sessions, New Jersey quarry workers were surveyed about their tobacco use. Prevalence was calculated for single and multiple tobacco use by demographic and workplace characteristics; logistic regression was used to assess associations with smoking. RESULTS Two hundred forty (97.1%) workers completed surveys. Among respondents, 41.7% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 35.4 to 48.3] currently used any tobacco product of whom 28.1% smoked cigarettes. In multivariate analysis, positive associations with smoking included working as a contractor versus mine employee (odds ratio 2.32, 95% CI 1.01 to 5.36) and a usual job title of maintenance (odds ratio 2.02, 95% CI 0.87 to 4.94). CONCLUSION Industry-specific information may be helpful in developing targeted tobacco-cessation programs.
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Hutter HP, Wallner P, Moshammer H, Marsh G. Dust and Cobalt Levels in the Austrian Tungsten Industry: Workplace and Human Biomonitoring Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13090931. [PMID: 27657104 PMCID: PMC5036763 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13090931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In general, routine industrial hygiene (IH) data are collected not to serve for scientific research but to check for compliance with occupational limit values. In the preparation of an occupational retrospective cohort study it is vital to test the validity of the exposure assessment based on incomplete (temporal coverage, departments) IH data. Existing IH data from a large hard metal plant was collected. Individual workers’ exposure per year and department was estimated based on linear regression of log-transformed exposure data for dust, tungsten, and cobalt. Estimated data were back-transformed, and for cobalt the validity of the estimates was confirmed by comparison with individual cobalt concentrations in urine. Air monitoring data were available from 1985 to 2012 and urine tests from the years 2008 to 2014. A declining trend and significant differences among departments was evident for all three air pollutants. The estimated time trend fitted the time trend in urine values well. At 1 mg/m3, cobalt in the air leads to an excretion of approximately 200 µg/L cobalt in urine. Cobalt levels in urine were significantly higher in smokers with an interaction effect between smoking and air concentrations. Exposure estimates of individual workers are generally feasible in the examined plant, although some departments are not documented sufficiently enough. Additional information (expert knowledge) is needed to fill these gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Peter Hutter
- Institute of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Medicine and Environmental Protection, 1080 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Peter Wallner
- Institute of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Medicine and Environmental Protection, 1080 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hanns Moshammer
- Institute of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gary Marsh
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15261 PA, USA.
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Vinnikov D. Drillers and mill operators in an open-pit gold mine are at risk for impaired lung function. J Occup Med Toxicol 2016; 11:27. [PMID: 27222659 PMCID: PMC4877956 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-016-0114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational studies of associations of exposures with impaired lung function in mining settings are built on exposure assessment and far less often on workplace approach, so the aim of this study was to identify vulnerable occupational groups for early lung function reduction in a cohort of healthy young miners. METHODS Data from annual screening lung function tests in gold mining company in Kyrgyzstan were linked to occupations. We compared per cent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC between occupational groups and tested selected occupations in multivariate regression adjusted for smoking and work duration for the following outcomes: FEV1 < 80 %, FEV1/FVC < 70 % and both. RESULTS 1550 tests of permanent workers of 41 occupations (mean age 40.5 ± 9.2 years, 29.8 % never smokers) were included in the analysis. The mean overall VC was 103.0 ± 12.9 %; FVC 109.1 ± 13.0 % and FEV1 100.2 ± 25.9 %. Drillers and smoking food handlers had the lowest FEV1%. In non-smokers, the lowest FEV1 was in drillers (94.9 ± 11.3 % compared to 115.2 ± 17.7 % in engineers). Drillers (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.53 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.11-2.09)) and mill operators (OR 2.01 (1.13-3.57)) were at greater risk of obstructive ventilation pattern (FEV1/FVC < 70 %). CONCLUSIONS Drilling and mill operations are the highest risk jobs in an open-pit mine for reduced lung function. Occupational medical clinic at site should follow-up workers in these occupations with depth and strongly recommend smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Vinnikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hematology, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Akhunbaev street 92, Bishkek, 720020 Kyrgyzstan
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Khan AW, Kundi M, Moshammer H. Diminished pulmonary function in long-term workers exposed to cotton dust determined in a cross-sectional study in small Pakistani enterprises. Occup Environ Med 2015; 72:722-7. [PMID: 26265670 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2015-102902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE While large cotton industry plants producing for the foreign market have undergone improvements of occupational hygiene lately, working conditions in power looms producing mainly for the local market are still poor. The respiratory health in workers of power looms has not been studied so far. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 51 male cotton workers from power looms, 58 from large cotton factories and 52 controls were investigated by spirometry and a symptoms questionnaire. Spirometric measurements and respiratory symptoms were related to exposure duration in large and small factories by multivariate linear regression and logistic regression, respectively, with smoking, age and anthropometric parameters considered as confounders. RESULTS Work duration in power looms was associated with declines in forced expiratory volume in 1 s, peak flow, maximum midexpiratory flow and forced expiratory flow 75 and an increased risk of obstruction (OR 1.09/year; 95% CI: 1.002 to 1.18) by applying the Global Lung Initiative equations. Except cough that was only associated with smoking, all respiratory symptoms (chest tightness, shortness of breath, fever) increased as a function of duration of exposure in power looms but not in large factories. CONCLUSIONS Despite limitations inherent in the cross-sectional approach, there is evidence for workers in small weaving factories to face an increased risk of pulmonary function loss and respiratory symptoms. Industrial hygiene measures in these small enterprises should be encouraged. Failure to detect adverse respiratory outcomes from occupation in large factories could be due to a 'survivor' (healthy worker) effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wali Khan
- Institute for Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Federal Government Polyclinic (PGMI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Michael Kundi
- Institute for Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanns Moshammer
- Institute for Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Longitudinal assessment of lung function decline in the occupational setting. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 15:145-9. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fernández Álvarez R, Martínez González C, Quero Martínez A, Blanco Pérez JJ, Carazo Fernández L, Prieto Fernández A. Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Silicosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbr.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Fernández Álvarez R, Martínez González C, Quero Martínez A, Blanco Pérez JJ, Carazo Fernández L, Prieto Fernández A. Guidelines for the diagnosis and monitoring of silicosis. Arch Bronconeumol 2014; 51:86-93. [PMID: 25479706 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Silicosis is one of the occupational respiratory diseases most commonly encountered in our setting. It is caused by inhalation of crystalline silica that triggers a fibrotic response in the lung parenchyma. It presents as diffuse interstitial disease and clinical expression ranges from asymptomatic forms to chronic respiratory failure. Diagnosis is based on clinical history and radiological findings. There is no effective treatment, and once diagnosed, the patient must avoid all sources of occupational exposure. In these guidelines, the clinical, radiological and functional aspects of silicosis are reviewed, and strategies for diagnosis, monitoring and classification of patients are proposed, along with recommendations regarding the occupational implications of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Fernández Álvarez
- Área de Gestión de Pulmón, Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España.
| | - Cristina Martínez González
- Área de Gestión de Pulmón, Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - Aida Quero Martínez
- Área de Gestión de Pulmón, Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
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The impact of reduced dust exposure on respiratory health among cement workers: an ecological study. J Occup Environ Med 2014; 56:101-10. [PMID: 24351896 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare total dust exposure, prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms, lung function, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among Tanzanian cement workers before (2002) and after (2010-2011) establishment of dust-control measures. METHODS Personal total dust-exposure measurements, questionnaire assessment for chronic respiratory symptoms, and spirometry were conducted in both examination periods. RESULTS Total dust exposure was lower in 2010-2011 than in 2002. The prevalence of most chronic respiratory symptoms and COPD was lower in 2010 than in 2002. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), percentage predicted FEV1, and percentage predicted forced vital capacity were higher among cement workers in 2010 than in 2002. CONCLUSIONS There was reduced total dust exposure level, lower prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and COPD, and higher lung function among cement workers in 2010 than in 2002.
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Quantifying silica in filter-deposited mine dusts using infrared spectra and partial least squares regression. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:4715-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7856-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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