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DiPeso L, Pendyala S, Huang HZ, Fowler DM, Hatch EM. Image-based identification and isolation of micronucleated cells to dissect cellular consequences. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.04.539483. [PMID: 37205341 PMCID: PMC10187275 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.04.539483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in isolating cells based on visual phenotypes have transformed our ability to identify the mechanisms and consequences of complex traits. Micronucleus (MN) formation is a frequent outcome of genome instability, triggers extensive disease-associated changes in genome structure and signaling coincident with MN rupture, and is almost exclusively defined by visual analysis. Automated MN detection in microscopy images has proved extremely challenging, limiting unbiased discovery of the mechanisms and consequences of MN formation and rupture. In this study we describe two new MN segmentation modules: a rapid and precise model for classifying micronucleated cells and their rupture status (VCS MN), and a robust model for accurate MN segmentation (MNFinder) from a broad range of microscopy images. As a proof-of-concept, we define the transcriptome of non-transformed human cells with intact or ruptured MN after inducing chromosome missegregation by combining VCS MN with photoactivation-based cell isolation and RNASeq. Surprisingly, we find that neither MN formation nor rupture triggers a unique transcriptional response. Instead, transcriptional changes are correlated with increased aneuploidy in these cell classes. Our MN segmentation modules overcome a significant challenge to reproducible MN quantification, and, joined with visual cell sorting, enable the application of powerful functional genomics assays, including pooled CRISPR screens and time-resolved analyses of cellular and genetic consequences, to a wide-range of questions in MN biology.
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Prabhu KS, Kuttikrishnan S, Ahmad N, Habeeba U, Mariyam Z, Suleman M, Bhat AA, Uddin S. H2AX: A key player in DNA damage response and a promising target for cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116663. [PMID: 38688170 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused by a complex interaction of factors that interrupt the normal growth and division of cells. At the center of this process is the intricate relationship between DNA damage and the cellular mechanisms responsible for maintaining genomic stability. When DNA damage is not repaired, it can cause genetic mutations that contribute to the initiation and progression of cancer. On the other hand, the DNA damage response system, which involves the phosphorylation of the histone variant H2AX (γH2AX), is crucial in preserving genomic integrity by signaling and facilitating the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. This review provides an explanation of the molecular dynamics of H2AX in the context of DNA damage response. It emphasizes the crucial role of H2AX in recruiting and localizing repair machinery at sites of chromatin damage. The review explains how H2AX phosphorylation, facilitated by the master kinases ATM and ATR, acts as a signal for DNA damage, triggering downstream pathways that govern cell cycle checkpoints, apoptosis, and the cellular fate decision between repair and cell death. The phosphorylation of H2AX is a critical regulatory point, ensuring cell survival by promoting repair or steering cells towards apoptosis in cases of catastrophic genomic damage. Moreover, we explore the therapeutic potential of targeting H2AX in cancer treatment, leveraging its dual function as a biomarker of DNA integrity and a therapeutic target. By delineating the pathways that lead to H2AX phosphorylation and its roles in apoptosis and cell cycle control, we highlight the significance of H2AX as both a prognostic tool and a focal point for therapeutic intervention, offering insights into its utility in enhancing the efficacy of cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar.
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Nuha Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Ummu Habeeba
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Zahwa Mariyam
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Suleman
- Laboratory of Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Laboratory of Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Yap TA, Tolcher AW, Plummer R, Mukker JK, Enderlin M, Hicking C, Grombacher T, Locatelli G, Szucs Z, Gounaris I, de Bono JS. First-in-Human Study of the Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-Related (ATR) Inhibitor Tuvusertib (M1774) as Monotherapy in Patients with Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:2057-2067. [PMID: 38407317 PMCID: PMC11094421 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-2409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tuvusertib (M1774) is a potent, selective, orally administered ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) protein kinase inhibitor. This first-in-human study (NCT04170153) evaluated safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), recommended dose for expansion (RDE), pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and preliminary efficacy of tuvusertib monotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ascending tuvusertib doses were evaluated in 55 patients with metastatic or locally advanced unresectable solid tumors. A safety monitoring committee determined dose escalation based on PK, PD, and safety data guided by a Bayesian 2-parameter logistic regression model. Molecular responses (MR) were assessed in circulating tumor DNA samples. RESULTS Most common grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events were anemia (36%), neutropenia, and lymphopenia (both 7%). Eleven patients experienced dose-limiting toxicities, most commonly grade 2 (n = 2) or 3 (n = 8) anemia. No persistent effects on blood immune cell populations were observed. The RDE was 180 mg tuvusertib QD (once daily), 2 weeks on/1 week off treatment, which was better tolerated than the MTD (180 mg QD continuously). Tuvusertib median time to peak plasma concentration ranged from 0.5 to 3.5 hours and mean elimination half-life from 1.2 to 5.6 hours. Exposure-related PD analysis suggested maximum target engagement at ≥130 mg tuvusertib QD. Tuvusertib induced frequent MRs in the predicted efficacious dose range; MRs were enriched in patients with radiological disease stabilization, and complete MRs were detected for mutations in ARID1A, ATRX, and DAXX. One patient with platinum- and PARP inhibitor-resistant BRCA wild-type ovarian cancer achieved an unconfirmed RECIST v1.1 partial response. CONCLUSIONS Tuvusertib demonstrated manageable safety and exposure-related target engagement. Further clinical evaluation of tuvusertib is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Yap
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Ruth Plummer
- Newcastle University and Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marta Enderlin
- The Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Zoltan Szucs
- Merck Serono Ltd., Feltham, UK, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ioannis Gounaris
- Merck Serono Ltd., Feltham, UK, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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Jurkovic CM, Raisch J, Tran S, Nguyen HD, Lévesque D, Scott MS, Campos EI, Boisvert FM. Replisome Proximal Protein Associations and Dynamic Proteomic Changes at Stalled Replication Forks. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100767. [PMID: 38615877 PMCID: PMC11101681 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA replication is a fundamental cellular process that ensures the transfer of genetic information during cell division. Genome duplication takes place in S phase and requires a dynamic and highly coordinated recruitment of multiple proteins at replication forks. Various genotoxic stressors lead to fork instability and collapse, hence the need for DNA repair pathways. By identifying the multitude of protein interactions implicated in those events, we can better grasp the complex and dynamic molecular mechanisms that facilitate DNA replication and repair. Proximity-dependent biotin identification was used to identify associations with 17 proteins within four core replication components, namely the CDC45/MCM2-7/GINS helicase that unwinds DNA, the DNA polymerases, replication protein A subunits, and histone chaperones needed to disassemble and reassemble chromatin. We further investigated the impact of genotoxic stress on these interactions. This analysis revealed a vast proximity association network with 108 nuclear proteins further modulated in the presence of hydroxyurea; 45 being enriched and 63 depleted. Interestingly, hydroxyurea treatment also caused a redistribution of associations with 11 interactors, meaning that the replisome is dynamically reorganized when stressed. The analysis identified several poorly characterized proteins, thereby uncovering new putative players in the cellular response to DNA replication arrest. It also provides a new comprehensive proteomic framework to understand how cells respond to obstacles during DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla-Marie Jurkovic
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jennifer Raisch
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Stephanie Tran
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, Department of Molecular Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hoang Dong Nguyen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Dominique Lévesque
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Michelle S Scott
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric I Campos
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, Department of Molecular Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - François-Michel Boisvert
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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Zhang S, Qiu B, Lv B, Yang G, Tao Y, Hu Y, Li K, Yu X, Tang C, Du J, Jin H, Huang Y. Endogenous sulfur dioxide deficiency as a driver of cardiomyocyte senescence through abolishing sulphenylation of STAT3 at cysteine 259. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103124. [PMID: 38503216 PMCID: PMC10963856 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiomyocyte senescence is an important contributor to cardiovascular diseases and can be induced by stressors including DNA damage, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic regulation, etc. However, the underlying mechanisms for the development of cardiomyocyte senescence remain largely unknown. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is produced endogenously by aspartate aminotransferase 2 (AAT2) catalysis and plays an important regulatory role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to explore the effect of endogenous SO2 on cardiomyocyte senescence and the underlying molecular mechanisms. APPROACH AND RESULTS We interestingly found a substantial reduction in the expression of AAT2 in the heart of aged mice in comparison to young mice. AAT2-knockdowned cardiomyocytes exhibited reduced SO2 content, elevated expression levels of Tp53, p21Cip/Waf, and p16INk4a, enhanced SA-β-Gal activity, and elevated level of γ-H2AX foci. Notably, supplementation with a SO2 donor ameliorated the spontaneous senescence phenotype and DNA damage caused by AAT2 deficiency in cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, AAT2 deficiency suppressed the sulphenylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) facilitated its nuclear translocation and DNA-binding capacity. Conversely, a mutation in the cysteine (Cys) 259 residue of STAT3 blocked SO2-induced STAT3 sulphenylation and subsequently prevented the inhibitory effect of SO2 on STAT3-DNA-binding capacity, DNA damage, and cardiomyocyte senescence. Additionally, cardiomyocyte (cm)-specific AAT2 knockout (AAT2cmKO) mice exhibited a deterioration in cardiac function, cardiomegaly, and cardiac aging, whereas supplementation with SO2 donors mitigated the cardiac aging and remodeling phenotypes in AAT2cmKO mice. CONCLUSION Downregulation of the endogenous SO2/AAT2 pathway is a crucial pathogenic mechanism underlying cardiomyocyte senescence. Endogenous SO2 modifies STAT3 by sulphenylating Cys259, leading to the inhibition of DNA damage and the protection against cardiomyocyte senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangyue Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Bingquan Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Boyang Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Guosheng Yang
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yinghong Tao
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yongyan Hu
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Chaoshu Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
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Nie H, Kong X, Song X, Guo X, Li Z, Fan C, Zhai B, Yang X, Wang Y. Roles of histone post-translational modifications in meiosis†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:648-659. [PMID: 38224305 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination, play vital roles in various chromatin-based cellular processes. Meiosis is crucial for organisms that depend on sexual reproduction to produce haploid gametes, during which chromatin undergoes intricate conformational changes. An increasing body of evidence is clarifying the essential roles of histone post-translational modifications during meiotic divisions. In this review, we concentrate on the post-translational modifications of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, as well as the linker histone H1, that are required for meiosis, and summarize recent progress in understanding how these modifications influence diverse meiotic events. Finally, challenges and exciting open questions for future research in this field are discussed. Summary Sentence Diverse histone post-translational modifications exert important effects on the meiotic cell cycle and these "histone codes" in meiosis might lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies against reproductive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Nie
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xueyu Kong
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhanyu Li
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Cunxian Fan
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Binyuan Zhai
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Nesovic Ostojic J, Kovacevic S, Ivanov M, Brkic P, Zivotic M, Mihailovic-Stanojevic N, Karanovic D, Vajic UJ, Jeremic R, Jovovic D, Miloradovic Z. Hyperbaric Oxygen Reduces Oxidative Stress Impairment and DNA Damage and Simultaneously Increases HIF-1α in Ischemia-Reperfusion Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3870. [PMID: 38612680 PMCID: PMC11011961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The central exacerbating factor in the pathophysiology of ischemic-reperfusion acute kidney injury (AKI) is oxidative stress. Lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in ischemia are accompanied by the formation of 3-nitrotyrosine, a biomarker for oxidative damage. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) may also be a result of postischemic AKI. γH2AX(S139) histone has been identified as a potentially useful biomarker of DNA DSBs. On the other hand, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is the "master switch" for hypoxic adaptation in cells and tissues. The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) preconditioning on antioxidant capacity estimated by FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) assay, as well as on oxidative stress parameter 3-nitrotyrosine, and to assess its effects on γH2AX(S139), HIF-1α, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression, in an experimental model of postischemic AKI induced in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The animals were divided randomly into three experimental groups: sham-operated rats (SHAM, n = 6), rats with induced postischemic AKI (AKI, n = 6), and group exposed to HBO preconditioning before AKI induction (AKI + HBO, n = 6). A significant improvement in the estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR, in AKI + HBO group (p < 0.05 vs. AKI group) was accompanied with a significant increase in plasma antioxidant capacity estimated by FRAP (p < 0.05 vs. SHAM group) and a reduced immunohistochemical expression of 3-nitrotyrosine and γH2AX(S139). Also, HBO pretreatment significantly increased HIF-1α expression (p < 0.001 vs. AKI group), estimated by Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis in kidney tissue, and decreased immunohistochemical NF-κB renal expression (p < 0.01). Taking all of these results together, we may conclude that HBO preconditioning has beneficial effects on acute kidney injury induced in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Nesovic Ostojic
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Sanjin Kovacevic
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Milan Ivanov
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (N.M.-S.); (D.K.); (U.J.V.); (D.J.); (Z.M.)
| | - Predrag Brkic
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (P.B.); (R.J.)
| | - Maja Zivotic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Nevena Mihailovic-Stanojevic
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (N.M.-S.); (D.K.); (U.J.V.); (D.J.); (Z.M.)
| | - Danijela Karanovic
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (N.M.-S.); (D.K.); (U.J.V.); (D.J.); (Z.M.)
| | - Una Jovana Vajic
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (N.M.-S.); (D.K.); (U.J.V.); (D.J.); (Z.M.)
| | - Rada Jeremic
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (P.B.); (R.J.)
| | - Djurdjica Jovovic
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (N.M.-S.); (D.K.); (U.J.V.); (D.J.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zoran Miloradovic
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (N.M.-S.); (D.K.); (U.J.V.); (D.J.); (Z.M.)
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Chapman TW, Kamen Y, Piedra ET, Hill RA. Oligodendrocyte Maturation Alters the Cell Death Mechanisms That Cause Demyelination. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1794232024. [PMID: 38395617 PMCID: PMC10977033 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1794-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Myelinating oligodendrocytes die in human disease and early in aging. Despite this, the mechanisms that underly oligodendrocyte death are not resolved and it is also not clear whether these mechanisms change as oligodendrocyte lineage cells are undergoing differentiation and maturation. Here, we used a combination of intravital imaging, single-cell ablation, and cuprizone-mediated demyelination, in both female and male mice, to discover that oligodendrocyte maturation dictates the dynamics and mechanisms of cell death. After single-cell phototoxic damage, oligodendrocyte precursor cells underwent programmed cell death within hours, differentiating oligodendrocytes died over several days, while mature oligodendrocytes took weeks to die. Importantly cells at each maturation stage all eventually died but did so with drastically different temporal dynamics and morphological features. Consistent with this, cuprizone treatment initiated a caspase-3-dependent form of rapid cell death in differentiating oligodendrocytes, while mature oligodendrocytes never activated this executioner caspase. Instead, mature oligodendrocytes exhibited delayed cell death which was marked by DNA damage and disruption in poly-ADP-ribose subcellular localization. Thus, oligodendrocyte maturation plays a key role in determining the mechanism of death a cell undergoes in response to the same insult. This means that oligodendrocyte maturation is important to consider when designing strategies for preventing cell death and preserving myelin while also enhancing the survival of new oligodendrocytes in demyelinating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Yasmine Kamen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Enrique T Piedra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Robert A Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
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9
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Karagiannis TC, Orlowski C, Ververis K, Pitsillou E, Sarila G, Keating ST, Foong LJ, Fabris S, Ngo-Nguyen C, Malik N, Okabe J, Hung A, Mantamadiotis T, El-Osta A. γH2AX in mouse embryonic stem cells: Distribution during differentiation and following γ-irradiation. Cells Dev 2024; 177:203882. [PMID: 37956740 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX) represents a sensitive molecular marker of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and is implicated in stem cell biology. We established a model of mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) differentiation and examined the dynamics of γH2AX foci during the process. Our results revealed high numbers of γH2AX foci in undifferentiated mESCs, decreasing as the cells differentiated towards the endothelial cell lineage. Notably, we observed two distinct patterns of γH2AX foci: the typical discrete γH2AX foci, which colocalize with the transcriptionally permissive chromatin mark H3K4me3, and the less well-characterized clustered γH2AX regions, which were only observed in intermediate progenitor cells. Next, we explored responses of mESCs to γ-radiation (137Cs). Following exposure to γ-radiation, mESCs showed a reduction in cell viability and increased γH2AX foci, indicative of radiosensitivity. Despite irradiation, surviving mESCs retained their differentiation potential. To further exemplify our findings, we investigated neural stem progenitor cells (NSPCs). Similar to mESCs, NSPCs displayed clustered γH2AX foci associated with progenitor cells and discrete γH2AX foci indicative of embryonic stem cells or differentiated cells. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that γH2AX serves as a versatile marker of DSBs and may have a role as a biomarker in stem cell differentiation. The distinct patterns of γH2AX foci in differentiating mESCs and NSPCs provide valuable insights into DNA repair dynamics during differentiation, shedding light on the intricate balance between genomic integrity and cellular plasticity in stem cells. Finally, the clustered γH2AX foci observed in intermediate progenitor cells is an intriguing feature, requiring further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom C Karagiannis
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Prahran, VIC 3004, Australia; Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Training, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Christian Orlowski
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Prahran, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Katherine Ververis
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Training, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Eleni Pitsillou
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Training, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Gulcan Sarila
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Prahran, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Samuel T Keating
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Prahran, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Laura J Foong
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Training, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Stefanie Fabris
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Training, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Christina Ngo-Nguyen
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Training, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Neha Malik
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Training, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Jun Okabe
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Prahran, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Andrew Hung
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Theo Mantamadiotis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Surgery (RMH), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Prahran, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 3/F Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Sha Tin, Hong Kong; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong; Biomedical Laboratory Science, Department of Technology, Faculty of Health, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Qian H, Margaretha Plat A, Jonker A, Hoebe RA, Krawczyk P. Super-resolution GSDIM microscopy unveils distinct nanoscale characteristics of DNA repair foci under diverse genotoxic stress. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 134:103626. [PMID: 38232606 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks initiate the DNA damage response (DDR), leading to the accumulation of repair proteins at break sites and the formation of the-so-called foci. Various microscopy methods, such as wide-field, confocal, electron, and super-resolution microscopy, have been used to study these structures. However, the impact of different DNA-damaging agents on their (nano)structure remains unclear. Utilising GSDIM super-resolution microscopy, here we investigated the distribution of fluorescently tagged DDR proteins (53BP1, RNF168, MDC1) and γH2AX in U2OS cells treated with γ-irradiation, etoposide, cisplatin, or hydroxyurea. Our results revealed that both foci structure and their nanoscale ultrastructure, including foci size, nanocluster characteristics, fluorophore density and localisation, can be significantly altered by different inducing agents, even ones with similar mechanisms. Furthermore, distinct behaviours of DDR proteins were observed under the same treatment. These findings have implications for cancer treatment strategies involving these agents and provide insights into the nanoscale organisation of the DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Qian
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Audrey Margaretha Plat
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ard Jonker
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ron A Hoebe
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Przemek Krawczyk
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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11
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Zhou X, Sekino Y, Li HT, Fu G, Yang Z, Zhao S, Gujar H, Zu X, Weisenberger DJ, Gill IS, Tulpule V, D’souza A, Quinn DI, Han B, Liang G. SETD2 Deficiency Confers Sensitivity to Dual Inhibition of DNA Methylation and PARP in Kidney Cancer. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3813-3826. [PMID: 37695044 PMCID: PMC10843145 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
SETD2 deficiency alters the epigenetic landscape by causing depletion of H3K36me3 and plays an important role in diverse forms of cancer, most notably in aggressive and metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC). Development of an effective treatment scheme targeting SETD2-compromised cancer is urgently needed. Considering that SETD2 is involved in DNA methylation and DNA repair, a combination treatment approach using DNA hypomethylating agents (HMA) and PARP inhibitors (PARPi) could have strong antitumor activity in SETD2-deficient kidney cancer. We tested the effects of the DNA HMA 5-aza-2'-dexoxydytidine (DAC), the PARPi talazoparib (BMN-673), and both in combination in human ccRCC models with or without SETD2 deficiency. The combination treatment of DAC and BMN-673 synergistically increased cytotoxicity in vitro in SETD2-deficient ccRCC cell lines but not in SETD2-proficient cell lines. DAC and BMN-673 led to apoptotic induction, increased DNA damage, insufficient DNA damage repair, and increased genomic instability. Furthermore, the combination treatment elevated immune responses, upregulated STING, and enhanced viral mimicry by activating transposable elements. Finally, the combination effectively suppressed the growth of SETD2-deficient ccRCC in in vivo mouse models. Together, these findings indicate that combining HMA and PARPi is a promising potential therapeutic strategy for treating SETD2-compromised ccRCC. SIGNIFICANCE SETD2 deficiency creates a vulnerable epigenetic status that is targetable using a DNA hypomethylating agent and PARP inhibitor combination to suppress renal cell carcinoma, identifying a precision medicine-based approach for SETD2-compromised cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhou
- Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yohei Sekino
- Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hong-Tao Li
- Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Guanghou Fu
- Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California; Department of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Keck School of Medicine USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shuqing Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California; Department of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Keck School of Medicine USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hemant Gujar
- Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiongbing Zu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Daniel J Weisenberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Inderbir S. Gill
- Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Varsha Tulpule
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anishka D’souza
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David I Quinn
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California; Department of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Keck School of Medicine USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gangning Liang
- Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12
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Bailon-Moscoso N, Coronel-Hidalgo J, Duarte-Casar R, Guamán-Ortiz LM, Figueroa JG, Romero-Benavides JC. Exploring the Antioxidant Potential of Tragia volubilis L.: Mitigating Chemotherapeutic Effects of Doxorubicin on Tumor Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2003. [PMID: 38001856 PMCID: PMC10669231 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Several plants of the genus Tragia L. have shown antibacterial, fungicidal, and antiproliferative activity, among other types of activities; however, most species of the genus have not been investigated. Tragia volubilis L. is native to tropical America and Africa, and although it has been reported as medicinal in the literature, it has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, the phytochemical screening, isolation, and identification of compounds and the determination of the antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract of Tragia volubilis L. and its partitions were carried out. Ethyl acetate and n-butanol partitions of the extract present high antioxidant activity according to the Antioxidant Activity Index. Due to their activity, these partitions were tested on RKO cells as a representative model, both individually and in combination with Doxorubicin. It was found that the partitions significantly reduced the effect of Doxorubicin, as well as the expression of proteins involved in DNA damage and cell death. While the reduction of the chemotherapeutic effect of Doxorubicin on tumor cells may not be a desired outcome in therapeutic settings, the findings of the study are valuable in revealing the antioxidant potential of Tragia volubilis L. and its partitions. This highlights the importance of carefully regulating the application of antioxidants, especially in the context of cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bailon-Moscoso
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador; (J.C.-H.); (L.M.G.-O.)
| | - José Coronel-Hidalgo
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador; (J.C.-H.); (L.M.G.-O.)
- Carrera de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Rodrigo Duarte-Casar
- Maestría en Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador;
- Tecnología Superior en Gestión Culinaria, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador—Sede Manabí, Portoviejo 130103, Ecuador
| | - Luis Miguel Guamán-Ortiz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador; (J.C.-H.); (L.M.G.-O.)
| | - Jorge G. Figueroa
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador; (J.G.F.); (J.C.R.-B.)
| | - Juan Carlos Romero-Benavides
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador; (J.G.F.); (J.C.R.-B.)
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13
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Touma F, Lambert M, Martínez Villarreal A, Gantchev J, Ramchatesingh B, Litvinov IV. The Ultraviolet Irradiation of Keratinocytes Induces Ectopic Expression of LINE-1 Retrotransposon Machinery and Leads to Cellular Senescence. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3017. [PMID: 38002016 PMCID: PMC10669206 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Retrotransposons have played an important role in evolution through their transposable activity. The largest and the only currently active human group of mobile DNAs are the LINE-1 retrotransposons. The ectopic expression of LINE-1 has been correlated with genomic instability. Narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) and broad-band ultraviolet B (BB-UVB) phototherapy is commonly used for the treatment of dermatological diseases. UVB exposure is carcinogenic and can lead, in keratinocytes, to genomic instability. We hypothesize that LINE-1 reactivation occurs at a high rate in response to UVB exposure on the skin, which significantly contributes to genomic instability and DNA damage leading to cellular senescence and photoaging. Immortalized N/TERT1 and HaCaT human keratinocyte cell lines were irradiated in vitro with either NB-UVB or BB-UVB. Using immunofluorescence and Western blotting, we confirmed UVB-induced protein expression of LINE-1. Using RT-qPCR, we measured the mRNA expression of LINE-1 and senescence markers that were upregulated after several NB-UVB exposures. Selected miRNAs that are known to bind LINE-1 mRNA were measured using RT-qPCR, and the expression of miR-16 was downregulated with UVB exposure. Our findings demonstrate that UVB irradiation induces LINE-1 reactivation and DNA damage in normal keratinocytes along with the associated upregulation of cellular senescence markers and change in miR-16 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Touma
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (F.T.); (B.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Marine Lambert
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (F.T.); (B.R.)
| | - Amelia Martínez Villarreal
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (F.T.); (B.R.)
| | - Jennifer Gantchev
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (F.T.); (B.R.)
| | - Brandon Ramchatesingh
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (F.T.); (B.R.)
| | - Ivan V. Litvinov
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (F.T.); (B.R.)
- Department of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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14
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Fenech MF, Bull CF, Van Klinken BJW. Protective Effects of Micronutrient Supplements, Phytochemicals and Phytochemical-Rich Beverages and Foods Against DNA Damage in Humans: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Prospective Studies. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1337-1358. [PMID: 37573943 PMCID: PMC10721466 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage diminishes cellular health, increases risk of developmental and degenerative diseases, and accelerates aging. Optimizing nutrient intake can minimize accrual of DNA damage. The objectives of this review are to: 1) assemble and systematically analyze high-level evidence for the effect of supplementation with micronutrients and phytochemicals on baseline levels of DNA damage in humans, and 2) use this knowledge to identify which of these essential micronutrients or nonessential phytochemicals promote DNA integrity in vivo in humans. We conducted systematic literature searches of the PubMed database to identify interventional, prospective, cross-sectional, or in vitro studies that explored the association between nutrients and established biomarkers of DNA damage associated with developmental and degenerative disease risk. Biomarkers included lymphocyte chromosome aberrations, lymphocyte and buccal cell micronuclei, DNA methylation, lymphocyte/leukocyte DNA strand breaks, DNA oxidation, telomere length, telomerase activity, and mitochondrial DNA mutations. Only randomized, controlled interventions and uncontrolled longitudinal intervention studies conducted in humans were selected for evaluation and data extraction. These studies were ranked for the quality of their study design. In all, 96 of the 124 articles identified reported studies that achieved a quality assessment score ≥ 5 (from a maximum score of 7) and were included in the final review. Based on these studies, nutrients associated with protective effects included vitamin A and its precursor β-carotene, vitamins C, E, B1, B12, folate, minerals selenium and zinc, and phytochemicals such as curcumin (with piperine), lycopene, and proanthocyanidins. These findings highlight the importance of nutrients involved in (i) DNA metabolism and repair (folate, vitamin B12, and zinc) and (ii) prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation (vitamins A, C, E, lycopene, curcumin, proanthocyanidins, selenium, and zinc). Supplementation with certain micronutrients and their combinations may reduce DNA damage and promote cellular health by improving the maintenance of genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Fenech
- Molecular Diagnostics Solutions, CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Clinical and Health Sciences, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Caroline F Bull
- Molecular Diagnostics Solutions, CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - B Jan-Willem Van Klinken
- GSK Consumer Healthcare (now named Haleon), Warren, New Jersey, USA; Brightseed, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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15
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Fardid R, Janipour S, Haddadi G, Mahdavi M, Sharifzadeh S, Lotfi M, Rostamyari M. Evaluation of the relationship between γ-H2AX biomarker levels and dose received after radiation exposure in abdominal-pelvic and chest CT scans. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:1392-1397. [PMID: 37787314 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_950_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Background As one of the most informative diagnostic radiation instruments, computed tomography (CT) has seen considerable improvement since its implementation in the 1970s; however, the possibility of low-dose radiation risk after CT procedures is still challenging and little is known about the biological effects of CT exposure on patients. As a result, this research aimed to look at the biological and cytogenetic effects of low-dose abdominal-pelvic and chest CT scans on adults, focusing on the number of γ-H2AX foci formation. Materials and Methods Blood tests were taken before and 10 min after CT exams on patients aged 25-55 who were undergoing abdominal-pelvic and chest CT exams with very low-ionizing radiation exposure (TLD doses of 15.67-63.45 mGy). Blood lymphocytes that had been isolated, fixed, and stained were dyed with γ-H2AX antibodies. Finally, the percentage of phosphorylation of histone H2AX as an indicator of double-strand breaks was determined using a cytometry technique. Results Our findings showed that after CT examination, the mean value of γ-H2AX foci in patients increased (P < 0.0001). A statistically significant correlation between dose radiation and the number of γ-H2AX foci was also found (P = 0.047, r = 0.4731). The current study also found a pattern of elevated γ-H2AX foci in patients over 40 years of age relative to younger patients. Conclusion A Significant activation of γ-H2AX foci was found in lymphocytes of peripheral blood samples of patients after CT compared to before CT scan. This increase in γ-H2AX foci levels in blood cells may be a useful quantitative biomarker of low-level radiation exposure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Fardid
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences; Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Janipour
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Golamhassan Haddadi
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences; Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maziyar Mahdavi
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Sharifzadeh
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Lotfi
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maliheh Rostamyari
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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16
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Nesovic Ostojic J, Zivotic M, Kovacevic S, Ivanov M, Brkic P, Mihailovic-Stanojevic N, Karanovic D, Vajic UJ, Miloradovic Z, Jovovic D, Radojevic Skodric S. Immunohistochemical Pattern of Histone H2A Variant Expression in an Experimental Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098085. [PMID: 37175793 PMCID: PMC10179385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a frequent cause of AKI, resulting in vasoconstriction, cellular dysfunction, inflammation and the induction of oxidative stress. DNA damage, including physical DNA strand breaks, is also a potential consequence of renal IRI. The histone H2A variants, primary H2AX and H2AZ participate in DNA damage response pathways to promote genome stability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical pattern of histone H2A variants' (H2AX, γH2AX(S139), H2AXY142ph and H2AZ) expression in an experimental model of ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Comparing the immunohistochemical nuclear expression of γH2AX(S139) and H2AXY142ph in AKI, we observed that there is an inverse ratio of these two histone H2AX variants. If we follow different regions from the subcapsular structures to the medulla, there is an increasing extent gradient in the nuclear expression of H2AXY142ph, accompanied by a decreasing nuclear expression of γH2AX. In addition, we observed that different structures dominated when γH2AX and H2AXY142ph expression levels were compared. γH2AX was expressed only in the proximal tubule, with the exception of when they were dilated. In the medulla, H2AXY142ph is predominantly expressed in the loop of Henle and the collecting ducts. Our results show moderate sporadic nuclear H2AZ expression mainly in the cells of the distal tubules and the collecting ducts that were surrounded by dilated tubules with PAS (periodic acid-Schiff stain)-positive casts. These findings may indicate the degree of DNA damage, followed by postischemic AKI, with potential clinical and prognostic implications regarding this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Nesovic Ostojic
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Zivotic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanjin Kovacevic
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Ivanov
- Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Predrag Brkic
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Mihailovic-Stanojevic
- Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Karanovic
- Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Una Jovana Vajic
- Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Miloradovic
- Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djurdjica Jovovic
- Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Banjarnahor CTU, Hardiany NS, Wahjoepramono EJ, Hariyanto AD, Sadikin M. High concentration of γ‑H2AX correlates with a marker of apoptotic suppression and PI3K/Akt pathway upregulation in glioblastoma multiforme. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:149. [PMID: 36936016 PMCID: PMC10018643 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a very aggressive type of primary brain tumor in adults with a poor prognosis. DNA double-strand breaks are known to be associated with the development of numerous cancer types due to their ability to generate genomic instabilities. In GBM, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is a common pathway that can be activated by exogenous and endogenous factors. Genomic instability may be an endogenous stimulating factor for activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, which may inhibit the apoptosis of GBM cells. Spontaneous DNA double-strand breaks play an essential role in the survival of GBM cells, and apoptosis levels may reflect survival ability. However, no study has yet been conducted to analyse the association between spontaneous DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis in patients with GBM prior to treatment. Therefore, the present study examined the concentrations of γ-histone 2AX (γ-H2AX), a sensitive marker of spontaneous DNA double-strand breaks, and cleaved caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis, in patients with GBM. The correlation of γ-H2AX with cleaved caspase-3, PI3K and Akt was also investigated. A total of 26 pre-treatment tumor tissue specimens from patient with GBM were analyzed to determine the concentrations of γ-H2AX, PI3K, Akt and cleaved caspase-3 using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The results showed a moderate positive correlation between γ-H2AX and PI3K (r=0.52; P=0.007), a moderate positive correlation between γ-H2AX and Akt (r=0.4; P=0.041) and a strong negative correlation between γ-H2AX and cleaved caspase-3 (r=-0.61; P=0.0009). These analyses were also performed in seven tumor tissue specimens from patients with grade I glioma as controls, but no significant correlations were detected. The findings of the present study suggest that a high level of γ-H2AX may affect GBM cell apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Tiarma Ully Banjarnahor
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Department of Radiology, Division of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang-Banten 15810, Indonesia
- Dr Christine Tiarma Ully Banjarnahor, Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, 6 Salemba Raya, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia, E-mail:
| | - Novi Silvia Hardiany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Correspondence to: Dr Novi Silvia Hardiany, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, 6 Salemba Raya, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia, E-mail:
| | - Eka Julianta Wahjoepramono
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan-Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village, Tangerang, Banten 15810, Indonesia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mochtar Riady Comprehensive Cancer Center Siloam Hospitals, Jakarta 12930, Indonesia
| | | | - Mohamad Sadikin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
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Clergé A, Le Goff J, Brotin E, Abeillard E, Vaudorne I, Denoyelle C, Le Hegarat L, Delépée R. In vitro genotoxicity potential investigation of 7 oxy-PAHs. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2023; 64:176-186. [PMID: 36757094 DOI: 10.1002/em.22531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants include many compounds among them oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (oxy-PAHs). As they are suspected to generate DNA damage and mutagenicity, an understanding of their mode of action could highlight a carcinogenic potential risk in exposed population. In this article, a prospective study on seven oxy-PAHs selected in terms of occurrence in the environment was conducted on mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity potentials using in vitro assays including Ames test on five strains, kinetic analysis of cytotoxicity and apoptosis, phosphorylation of histone H2AX, and p53 induction assays on human lung cell line BEAS-2B. Ames test demonstrated that mutagenicity pattern depended on the oxy-PAH tested. Except for BAQ, all oxy-PAHs tested gave mutagenic effect, in the absence and/or in the presence of metabolic activation (S9 fraction). At 24 h of exposure, the majority of oxy-PAHs induced γ-H2AX in BEAS-2B cells and/or phosphorylation of p53 at serine 15 and cell death at highest tested concentrations. Although 9,10-AQ and B[b]FO were mutagenic in bacteria, they failed to induce any of the other genotoxicity biomarkers. In comparison with the benzo[a]pyrene, all oxy-PAHs were less potent in terms of genotoxic potential at the same concentration. These results highlighted the genotoxic and mutagenic potential of these oxy-PAHs and provide preliminary information concerning their possible mechanism of action for toxicity, contributing to a better evaluation of the real associated health risks for human and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jérémie Le Goff
- INSERM U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancers Prevention and Treatment), Caen, France
| | - Emilie Brotin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PLATON Service Unit, ImpedanCELL, Caen, France
| | - Edwige Abeillard
- INSERM U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancers Prevention and Treatment), Caen, France
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PLATON Service Unit, ImpedanCELL, Caen, France
- Comprehensive Cancer Center François Baclesse, UNICANCER, Caen, France
| | - Isabelle Vaudorne
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PRISMM Platform, PLATON Service Unit, Caen, France
| | - Christophe Denoyelle
- INSERM U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancers Prevention and Treatment), Caen, France
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PLATON Service Unit, ImpedanCELL, Caen, France
- Comprehensive Cancer Center François Baclesse, UNICANCER, Caen, France
| | - Ludovic Le Hegarat
- Anses, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Fougeres Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminant Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Raphaël Delépée
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, ABTE, Caen, France
- Comprehensive Cancer Center François Baclesse, UNICANCER, Caen, France
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PRISMM Platform, PLATON Service Unit, Caen, France
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19
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Aristolochic acid induces an inflammatory response with prostaglandin E2 production and apoptosis in NRK-52E proximal tubular cells. Toxicol Lett 2023; 378:39-50. [PMID: 36863539 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) is a type of drug-induced nephropathy in which ingestion of aristolochic acid (AA) causes acute kidney injury, with progressive renal fibrosis and upper urothelial carcinoma. Although the pathological features of AAN have been reported to involve significant cell degeneration and loss in the proximal tubules, the details of the toxic mechanism in the acute phase of the disease remain unclear. This study investigates the cell death pathway and intracellular metabolic kinetics of AA exposure in rat NRK-52E proximal tubular cells. AA exposure induces dose- and time-dependent apoptotic cell death in NRK-52E cells. We examined the inflammatory response to further investigate the mechanism of AA-induced toxicity. AA exposure increased the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, suggesting that AA exposure induces inflammation. Furthermore, analysis of lipid mediators by LC-MS revealed increases in intra- and extra-cellular arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). To investigate the relationship between the AA-induced increase in PGE2 production and cell death, celecoxib, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is involved in the production of PGE2, was administered, and a marked inhibition of AA-induced cell death was observed. These results suggest that exposure to AA induces concentration- and time-dependent apoptosis in NRK-52E cells, which is attributed to inflammatory responses mediated by COX-2 and PGE2.
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20
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4-Methylumbelliferone Targets Revealed by Public Data Analysis and Liver Transcriptome Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032129. [PMID: 36768453 PMCID: PMC9917189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
4-methylumbelliferone (4MU) is a well-known hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor and an approved drug for the treatment of cholestasis. In animal models, 4MU decreases inflammation, reduces fibrosis, and lowers body weight, serum cholesterol, and insulin resistance. It also inhibits tumor progression and metastasis. The broad spectrum of effects suggests multiple and yet unknown targets of 4MU. Aiming at 4MU target deconvolution, we have analyzed publicly available data bases, including: 1. Small molecule library Bio Assay screening (PubChemBioAssay); 2. GO pathway databases screening; 3. Protein Atlas Database. We also performed comparative liver transcriptome analysis of mice on normal diet and mice fed with 4MU for two weeks. Potential targets of 4MU public data base analysis fall into two big groups, enzymes and transcription factors (TFs), including 13 members of the nuclear receptor superfamily regulating lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Transcriptome analysis revealed changes in the expression of genes involved in bile acid metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and immune response. It was found that 4MU feeding decreased the accumulation of the glycogen granules in the liver. Thus, 4MU has multiple targets and can regulate cell metabolism by modulating signaling via nuclear receptors.
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21
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Lee Y, Wang Q, Seong KM, Turner HC. High-Throughput γ-H2AX Assay Using Imaging Flow Cytometry. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2635:123-134. [PMID: 37074660 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3020-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The γ-H2AX assay is a sensitive and reliable method to evaluate radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks. The conventional γ-H2AX assay detects individual nuclear foci manually, but is labor-intensive and time-consuming, and hence unsuitable for high-throughput screening in cases of large-scale radiation accidents. We have developed a high-throughput γ-H2AX assay using imaging flow cytometry. This method comprises (1) sample preparation from small volumes of blood in the Matrix™ 96-tube format, (2) automated image acquisition of cells stained with immunofluorescence-labeled γ-H2AX using ImageStream®X, and (3) quantification of γ-H2AX levels and batch processing using the Image Data Exploration and Analysis Software (IDEAS®). This enables the rapid analysis of γ-H2AX levels in several thousand of cells from a small volume of blood with accurate and reliable quantitative measurements for γ-H2AX foci and mean fluorescence levels. This high-throughput γ-H2AX assay could be a useful tool not only for radiation biodosimetry in mass casualty events, but also for large-scale molecular epidemiological studies and individualized radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghyun Lee
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Qi Wang
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ki Moon Seong
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Helen C Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Răileanu M, Straticiuc M, Iancu DA, Andrei RF, Radu M, Bacalum M. Proton irradiation induced reactive oxygen species promote morphological and functional changes in HepG2 cells. J Struct Biol 2022; 214:107919. [PMID: 36356881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2022.107919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The increased use of proton therapy has led to the need of better understanding the cellular mechanisms involved. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects induced by the accelerated proton beam in hepatocarcinoma cells. An existing facility in IFIN-HH, a 3 MV Tandetron™ accelerator, was used to irradiate HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cells with doses between 0 and 3 Gy. Colony formation was used to assess the influence of radiation on cell long-term replication. Also, the changes induced at the mitochondrial level were shown by increased ROS and ATP levels as well as a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential. An increased dose has induced DNA damages and G2/M cell cycle arrest which leads to caspase 3/7 mediated apoptosis and senescence induction. Finally, the morphological and ultrastructural changes were observed at the membrane level and the nucleus of the irradiated cells. Thus, proton irradiation induces both morphological and functional changes in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Răileanu
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, Atomistilor 405, Măgurele, Romania; Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Reactorului 30, Măgurele, Romania
| | - Mihai Straticiuc
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Department of Applied Nuclear Physics, Reactorului 30, Măgurele, Romania
| | - Decebal-Alexandru Iancu
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, Atomistilor 405, Măgurele, Romania; Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Department of Applied Nuclear Physics, Reactorului 30, Măgurele, Romania
| | - Radu-Florin Andrei
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Department of Applied Nuclear Physics, Reactorului 30, Măgurele, Romania; University of POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Splaiul Independentei 313, Romania
| | - Mihai Radu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Reactorului 30, Măgurele, Romania
| | - Mihaela Bacalum
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Reactorului 30, Măgurele, Romania.
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23
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Sevastre-Berghian AC, Casandra C, Gheban D, Olteanu D, Olanescu Vaida Voevod MC, Rogojan L, Filip GA, Bâldea I. Neurotoxicity of Bisphenol A and the Impact of Melatonin Administration on Oxidative Stress, ERK/NF-kB Signaling Pathway, and Behavior in Rats. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1882-1894. [PMID: 36515867 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure can be associated with neurodevelopmental disorders due to impairment of cell proliferation and synaptic development. Our study evaluated the effects of melatonin (MEL) on ambulatory activity, lipid peroxidation, cytokines, ERK/NF-kB signaling pathway in the hippocampus and frontal lobe, and histopathological changes in the hippocampus of the BPA-treated rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups: control, BPA, BPA + MEL I, and BPA + MEL II. MEL I (20 mg/kg b.w.) and MEL II (40 mg/kg b.w.) were orally administered for 28 days. On the 29th day, BPA (1 mg/kg b.w.) was intraperitoneally administered, and, after 24 h, an open field test (OFT) and an elevated plus maze (EPM) were conducted. The results showed that the MEL II group made significantly more entries in the open arms of EPM, traveled significantly greater distance, and spent more time in the central part of OFT. Malondialdehyde levels were diminished by MEL II in the hippocampus and by MEL I in the frontal lobe. In the hippocampus, the MAPK level was significantly lowered by both doses of MEL (p < 0.05) while in the frontal lobe, only MEL II reduced the MAPK activation. MEL I and II significantly decreased the γH2AX and upregulated the NFkB and pNFkB expressions in the hippocampus while MEL II downregulated the MCP1 expression. Both doses of MEL attenuated the BPA-evoked histopathological alterations in the hippocampus. These data indicate that MEL can mediate the neuroprotection against BPA-induced neurotoxicity and improves behavioral changes suggesting a real potential as a protective agent in brain toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Sevastre-Berghian
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Casandra
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Gheban
- Department of Morphopathology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Olteanu
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Liliana Rogojan
- Department of Morphopathology, District Hospital, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela A Filip
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioana Bâldea
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
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24
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OsRAD51 Plays a Vital Role in Promoting Homologous Recombination in Rice Meiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179906. [PMID: 36077304 PMCID: PMC9456343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination plays a pivotal role in achieving accurate chromosomal segregation and increasing genetic diversity. In the homologous recombination pathway, the detailed mechanisms of how OsRAD51 and OsDMC1 work in rice meiosis remain to be explored. Here, we obtained different types of mutants for Osrad51a1, Osrad51a2, Osdmc1a, and Osdmc1b through CRISPR/Cas9. Both Osrad51a1 and Osrad51a2 exhibited normal vegetative growth and fertility. Osrad51 (Osrad51a1 Osrad51a2) mutant plants show normal vegetative growth but exhibit complete sterility, indicating that OsRAD51A1 and OsRAD51A2 are functionally redundant in rice fertility. In contrast to the wild type, Osrad51 chromosomes are not paired perfectly at pachytene and synaptonemal complex (SC) formation is deficient. Moreover, univalents and multivalent associations were observed at metaphase I, chromosome fragments presented at anaphase I, and crossover formation is basically suppressed in Osrad51 pollen mother cells (PMCs). OsRAD51 foci emerge at leptotene and disappear from late pachytene and chromosome localization of OsRAD51 depends on the formation of double-strand breaks (DSBs). Most OsRAD51 foci can co-localize with OsDMC1 signals. OsRAD51 is essential for the loading of OsDMC1 onto chromosomes, and vice versa. In addition, both OsRAD51 and OsDMC1 can interact with OsFIGL1 and OsBRCA2, two important components in rice meiosis. Moreover, the Osrad51 Osdmc1 (Osrad51a1 Osrad51a2 Osdmc1a Osdmc1b) quadruple mutant PMCs exhibited similar defective phenotypes as Osrad51 in homologous pairing, synapsis, and DSB repair. Taken together, our results suggest that the recombinases DMC1 and RAD51 may functionally depend on each other and play important roles in meiotic recombination during meiosis in rice.
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25
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Tsochantaridis I, Kontopoulos A, Voulgaridou GP, Tsifintaris M, Triantafyllou C, Pappa A. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1B1 Is Implicated in DNA Damage Response in Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132017. [PMID: 35805102 PMCID: PMC9265533 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1B1 (ALDH1B1) has been correlated with colorectal tumorigenesis and is considered a potential biomarker for colon cancer. Its expression has been associated with attenuation of the cell cycle in the G2/M phase and resistance to DNA damaging agents. The present study examines the role of ALDH1B1 in DNA damage response (DDR) in human colorectal adenocarcinoma. To this end, we utilized an isogenic HT29 cell line pair differing in the expression of ALDH1B1. The overexpression of ALDH1B1 was related to the translational upregulation of the total and phosphorylated (at ser15) p53. Comet and apoptosis assays revealed that the expression of ALDH1B1 protected HT29 cells from etoposide-induced DNA damage as well as apoptosis, and its overexpression led to increased constitutive phosphorylation of H2AX (at ser139). Furthermore, the expression profile of a variety of DNA damage signaling (DDS)-related genes was investigated by utilizing the RT2 profiler™ PCR array. Our results demonstrated that ALDH1B1 triggered a transcriptional activation of several DNA repair-related genes (MRE11A, PMS1, RAD18 and UNG). Finally, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient analysis in 531 publicly available colorectal adenocarcinoma clinical samples indicated the statistically significant positive correlation between ALDH1B1 and DDR and repair genes or proteins, such as APEX1, FEN1, MPG, UNG, XRCC1, DDB1, XPC, CIB1, MRE11, PRKDC, RAD50, RAD21, TP53BP1, XRCC6 and H2AX. Collectively, our results suggest that ALDH1B1 may play an essential role in the DDR and DNA repair processes. Further studies on ALDH1B1 will elucidate its precise role in DDR.
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26
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Aengenvoort J, Sekeres M, Proksch P, Fritz G. Targeting Mechanisms of the DNA Damage Response (DDR) and DNA Repair by Natural Compounds to Improve cAT-Triggered Tumor Cell Death. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113567. [PMID: 35684504 PMCID: PMC9182506 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we identified secalonic acid F (SA), 5-epi-nakijiquinone Q (NQ) and 5-epi-ilimaquinone (IQ) as natural compounds (NC) affecting mechanisms of the DNA damage response (DDR). Here, we further characterized their effects on DDR, DNA repair and cytotoxicity if used in mono- and co-treatment with conventional anticancer therapeutics (cAT) (cisplatin (Cis), doxorubicin (Doxo)) in vitro. All three NC influence the phosphorylation level of selected DDR-related factors (i.e., pCHK1, pKAP1, pP53, pRPA32) in mono- and/or co-treatment. Both SA and NQ attenuate the Cis- and Doxo-induced G2/M-phase arrest and effectively stimulate caspase-mediated apoptosis. Notably, SA impacts DNA repair as reflected by enhanced steady-state levels of Cis-(1,2-GpG)-DNA adducts and Doxo-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Moreover, SA decreased the mRNA and protein expression of the homologous recombination (HR)-related DSB repair factors RAD51 and BRCA1. Both SA and NQ promote Cis- and Doxo-induced cytotoxicity in an additive to synergistic manner (CI ≤ 1.0). Summarizing, we conclude that SA promotes cAT-driven caspase-dependent cell death by interfering with DSB repair and DDR-related checkpoint control mechanisms. Hence, SA is considered as the most promising lead compound to evaluate its therapeutic window in forthcoming pre-clinical in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Aengenvoort
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (J.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Marlena Sekeres
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (J.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Gerhard Fritz
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (J.A.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-211-8113022
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27
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Zambalde ÉP, Pavan ICB, Mancini MCS, Severino MB, Scudero OB, Morelli AP, Amorim MR, Bispo-dos-Santos K, Góis MM, Toledo-Teixeira DA, Parise PL, Mauad T, Dolhnikoff M, Saldiva PHN, Marques-Souza H, Proenca-Modena JL, Ventura AM, Simabuco FM. Characterization of the Interaction Between SARS-CoV-2 Membrane Protein (M) and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) as a Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:849017. [PMID: 35677658 PMCID: PMC9168989 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.849017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is an emerging virus from the Coronaviridae family and is responsible for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In this work, we explored the previously reported SARS-CoV-2 structural membrane protein (M) interaction with human Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA). The M protein is responsible for maintaining virion shape, and PCNA is a marker of DNA damage which is essential for DNA replication and repair. We validated the M-PCNA interaction through immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence co-localization, and PLA (Proximity Ligation Assay). In cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 or transfected with M protein, using immunofluorescence and cell fractioning, we documented a reallocation of PCNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and the increase of PCNA and γH2AX (another DNA damage marker) expression. We also observed an increase in PCNA and γH2AX expression in the lung of a COVID-19 patient by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the inhibition of PCNA translocation by PCNA I1 and Verdinexor led to a reduction of plaque formation in an in vitro assay. We, therefore, propose that the transport of PCNA to the cytoplasm and its association with M could be a virus strategy to manipulate cell functions and may be considered a target for COVID-19 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érika Pereira Zambalde
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Isadora Carolina Betim Pavan
- Laboratory of Signaling Mechanisms, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mariana Camargo Silva Mancini
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Matheus Brandemarte Severino
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Orlando Bonito Scudero
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Morelli
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Mariene Ribeiro Amorim
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses (LEVE), Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Bispo-dos-Santos
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses (LEVE), Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Marcela Góis
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Daniel A. Toledo-Teixeira
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses (LEVE), Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Pierina Lorencini Parise
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses (LEVE), Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Mauad
- São Paulo University Medical School, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa Dolhnikoff
- São Paulo University Medical School, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Luiz Proenca-Modena
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses (LEVE), Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
- Hub of Global Health (HGH), University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Armando Morais Ventura
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Limeira, Brazil
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28
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Pagano A, Gualtieri C, Mutti G, Raveane A, Sincinelli F, Semino O, Balestrazzi A, Macovei A. Identification and Characterization of SOG1 (Suppressor of Gamma-Response 1) Homologues in Plants Using Data Mining Resources and Gene Expression Profiling. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040667. [PMID: 35456473 PMCID: PMC9026448 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SOG1 (Suppressor of the Gamma response 1) is the master-regulator of plant DNA damage response (DDR), a highly coordinated network of DNA damage sensors, transducers, mediators, and effectors, with highly coordinated activities. SOG1 transcription factor belongs to the NAC/NAM protein family, containing the well-conserved NAC domain and five serine-glutamine (SQ) motifs, preferential targets for phosphorylation by ATM and ATR. So far, the information gathered for the SOG1 function comes from studies on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. To expand the knowledge on plant-specific DDR, it is opportune to gather information on other SOG1 orthologues. The current study identified plants where multiple SOG1 homologues are present and evaluated their functions by leveraging the information contained in publicly available transcriptomics databases. This analysis revealed the presence of multiple SOG1 sequences in thirteen plant species, and four (Medicago truncatula, Glycine max, Kalankoe fedtschenkoi, Populus trichocarpa) were selected for gene expression data mining based on database availability. Additionally, M. truncatula seeds and seedlings exposed to treatments known to activate DDR pathways were used to evaluate the expression profiles of MtSOG1a and MtSOG1b. The experimental workflow confirmed the data retrieved from transcriptomics datasets, suggesting that the SOG1 homologues have redundant functions in different plant species.
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Qi Y, Toyooka T, Horiguchi H, Koda S, Wang R. 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole generates γ‐H2AX via CYP2E1‐dependent production of reactive oxygen species in urothelial cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23043. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Qi
- Research Center for Chemical Information and Management National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan
- Department of Hygiene Kitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara Kanagawa Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toyooka
- Research Center for Chemical Information and Management National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hyogo Horiguchi
- Department of Hygiene Kitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara Kanagawa Japan
| | - Shigeki Koda
- Research Center for Chemical Information and Management National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan
| | - Rui‐Sheng Wang
- Research Center for Chemical Information and Management National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan
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Jafari Roshan S, Mansoori Y, Hosseini SR, Sabour D, Daraei A. Genetic variations in ATM and H2AX loci contribute to risk of hematological abnormalities in individuals exposed to BTEX chemicals. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24321. [PMID: 35235704 PMCID: PMC8993635 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Loci controlling DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) repair play an important role in defending against the harmful health effects of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), but their gene variants may alter their repair capacity. The aim of the current study was to determine the relationship of functional polymorphisms ATM‐rs228589 A>T, WRN‐rs1800392 G>T and H2AX‐rs7759 A>G in DBS repair loci with the abnormal hematological indices in workers who exposed to BTEXs. Methods We included 141 cases with one or more abnormal hematological parameters, who had been occupationally exposed to BTEX chemicals and 152 controls with a similar exposure condition but without any abnormal hematological parameters. Atmospheric concentrations of BTEXs were measured and whole blood samples were taken from the participants to determine hematologic parameters and SNP genotyping. Results Results showed that T allele of ATM‐rs228589 and G allele of H2AX‐rs7759 had a higher frequency in cases than controls (p = 0.012 and p = 0.001, respectively). Also, AT and TT genotypes of ATM‐rs228589 and AG and GG genotypes of H2AX‐rs7759 were higher in cases compared to controls. The AT and TT genotypes of ATM‐rs228589 have significant associations with a risk of hematological abnormalities in the codominant (AT vs. AA, p = 0.018), dominant (AT + TT vs. AA, p = 0.010) and overdominant (AT vs. AA + TT, p = 0.037) models. The GG and AG genotypes of H2AX‐rs7759 were in relation with increased risk of abnormal hematological indices under codominant (GA vs. AA, p = 0.009 & GG vs. AA, p = 0.005), dominant (AG + GG vs. AA, p = 0.001), and recessive (GG vs. AA + AG, p = 0.025) models. Conclusions These observations may help to understand the mechanisms of BTEX hematotoxicity and identify useful biomarkers of risk assessment for workers exposed to BTEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Jafari Roshan
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Yaser Mansoori
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Hosseini
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Davood Sabour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Daraei
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Phillips EO, Gunjan A. Histone Variants: The Unsung Guardians of the Genome. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 112:103301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Vicar T, Gumulec J, Kolar R, Kopecna O, Pagacova E, Falkova I, Falk M. DeepFoci: Deep learning-based algorithm for fast automatic analysis of DNA double-strand break ionizing radiation-induced foci. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 19:6465-6480. [PMID: 34976305 PMCID: PMC8668444 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), marked by ionizing radiation-induced (repair) foci (IRIFs), are the most serious DNA lesions and are dangerous to human health. IRIF quantification based on confocal microscopy represents the most sensitive and gold-standard method in radiation biodosimetry and allows research on DSB induction and repair at the molecular and single-cell levels. In this study, we introduce DeepFoci - a deep learning-based fully automatic method for IRIF counting and morphometric analysis. DeepFoci is designed to work with 3D multichannel data (trained for 53BP1 and γH2AX) and uses U-Net for nucleus segmentation and IRIF detection, together with maximally stable extremal region-based IRIF segmentation. The proposed method was trained and tested on challenging datasets consisting of mixtures of nonirradiated and irradiated cells of different types and IRIF characteristics - permanent cell lines (NHDFs, U-87) and primary cell cultures prepared from tumors and adjacent normal tissues of head and neck cancer patients. The cells were dosed with 0.5-8 Gy γ-rays and fixed at multiple (0-24 h) postirradiation times. Under all circumstances, DeepFoci quantified the number of IRIFs with the highest accuracy among current advanced algorithms. Moreover, while the detection error of DeepFoci remained comparable to the variability between two experienced experts, the software maintained its sensitivity and fidelity across dramatically different IRIF counts per nucleus. In addition, information was extracted on IRIF 3D morphometric features and repair protein colocalization within IRIFs. This approach allowed multiparameter IRIF categorization of single- or multichannel data, thereby refining the analysis of DSB repair processes and classification of patient tumors, with the potential to identify specific cell subclones. The developed software improves IRIF quantification for various practical applications (radiotherapy monitoring, biodosimetry, etc.) and opens the door to advanced DSB focus analysis and, in turn, a better understanding of (radiation-induced) DNA damage and repair.
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Key Words
- 53BP1, P53-binding protein 1
- Biodosimetry
- CNN, convolutional neural network
- Confocal Microscopy
- Convolutional Neural Network
- DNA Damage and Repair
- DSB, DNA double-strand break
- Deep Learning
- FOV, field of view
- GUI, graphical user interface
- IRIF, ionizing radiation-induced (repair) foci
- Image Analysis
- Ionizing Radiation-Induced Foci (IRIFs)
- MSER, maximally stable extremal region (algorithm)
- Morphometry
- NHDFs, normal human dermal fibroblasts
- RAD51, DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1
- U-87, U-87 glioblastoma cell line
- γH2AX, histone H2AX phosphorylated at serine 139
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Vicar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno, Czech Republic.,Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Gumulec
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kolar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Kopecna
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Pagacova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Falkova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Falk
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, Brno, Czech Republic
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Panek A, Miszczyk J. ATM and RAD51 Repair Pathways in Human Lymphocytes Irradiated with 70 MeV Therapeutic Proton Beam. Radiat Res 2021; 197:396-402. [PMID: 34958667 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00109.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The repair of radiation-induced DNA damage is a key factor differentiating patients in terms of the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity to surrounding normal tissue. Proton energy substantially determines the types of cancers that can be treated. The present work investigated the DNA double-strand break repair systems, represented by phosphorylated ATM and Rad51. The status of proton therapy energy used to treat major types of cancer is summarized. Here, human lymphocytes from eight healthy donors (male and female) were irradiated with a spread-out Bragg peak using a therapeutic 70 MeV proton beam or with reference X rays. For both types of radiation, the kinetics of pATM and Rad51 repair protein activation (0-24 h) were estimated as determinants of homologous and non-homologous double-strand break repair. Additionally, γ-H2AX was used as the gold standard marker of double-strand breaks. Our results showed that at 30 min postirradiation there was significantly greater accumulation of γ-H2AX (0.6-fold), pATM (2.0-fold), and Rad51 (0.6-fold) in the proton-irradiated cells compared with the X-ray-treated cells. At 24 h post irradiation, for both types of radiation and all investigated proteins, the foci number was still significantly higher when compared with control. Furthermore, the mean value of pATM and Rad51 repair effectiveness was higher in cells exposed to protons than in cells exposed to X rays; however, the difference was significant only for pATM. The largest inter-individual differences in the repair capabilities were noted for Rad51. The association between the frequency of repair protein foci and the frequency of lymphocyte viability at 1 h post irradiation showed a positive correlation for protons but a negative correlation for X rays. These findings indicate that the accumulation of radiation-induced repair protein foci after proton versus X-ray irradiation differs between patients, consequently affecting the cellular responses to particle therapy and conventional radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Panek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31-342 Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Miszczyk
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31-342 Krakow, Poland
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Liu D, Cheng Y, Tang Z, Mei X, Cao X, Liu J. Toxicity mechanism of acrolein on DNA damage and apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells: Insights from cell biology and molecular docking analyses. Toxicology 2021; 466:153083. [PMID: 34958888 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acrolein is a hazardous air pollutant for humans and is responsible for many pulmonary diseases, but the underlying mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. This work is focused on the genotoxicity effects of human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells induced by acrolein (20, 40, 80 μM). The molecular mechanism was investigated base on DNA damage and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways. The results showed that after exposure to acrolein, the cell viability, glutathione (GSH) of BEAS-2B cells were reduced. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level significantly increased, accompanied by increased levels of DNA damage-related indicators 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), DNA content of comet tail (Tail DNA%), olive tail moment (OTM), and nucleus morphology. Cell arrested at the G2/M phase. Then, the DNA damage response (DDR) signaling pathway (Ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and Rad-3-related (ATR)/Chk1 and ATM/Chk2) and the consequent cell cycle checkpoints were activated. The expression of γ-H2AX was significantly increased, indicating that acrolein induced DNA double-strand breaks. Molecular docking assay showed that acrolein bound to DNA in a spontaneous process. Moreover, mitochondrial apoptosis pathway involved in apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content of BEAS-2B cells were significantly reduced, and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased. The protein expression of Bax/Bcl-2 and Cleaved Caspase-3 were increased, and JNK signaling pathway was activated. All the results indicated that acrolein induced DNA damage, activated DDR and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways, which might be the pivotal factors to mediate cytotoxicity in BEAS-2B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, PR China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, PR China
| | - Xueying Mei
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Cao
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, PR China.
| | - Jianli Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, PR China.
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Braný D, Dvorská D, Strnádel J, Matáková T, Halašová E, Škovierová H. Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Epigenetic Changes, DNA Damage, and Possibilities for Its Use in Synergistic Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212252. [PMID: 34830132 PMCID: PMC8617606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma has great potential for use in modern medicine. It has been used in the clinical treatment of skin diseases and chronic wounds, and in laboratory settings it has shown effects on selective decrease in tumour-cell viability, reduced tumour mass in animal models and stem-cell proliferation. Many researchers are currently focusing on its application to internal structures and the use of plasma-activated liquids in tolerated and effective human treatment. There has also been analysis of plasma's beneficial synergy with standard pharmaceuticals to enhance their effect. Cold atmospheric plasma triggers various responses in tumour cells, and this can result in epigenetic changes in both DNA methylation levels and histone modification. The expression and activity of non-coding RNAs with their many important cell regulatory functions can also be altered by cold atmospheric plasma action. Finally, there is ongoing debate whether plasma-produced radicals can directly affect DNA damage in the nucleus or only initiate apoptosis or other forms of cell death. This article therefore summarises accepted knowledge of cold atmospheric plasma's influence on epigenetic changes, the expression and activity of non-coding RNAs, and DNA damage and its effect in synergistic treatment with routinely used pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Braný
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (D.B.); (J.S.); (E.H.); (H.Š.)
| | - Dana Dvorská
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (D.B.); (J.S.); (E.H.); (H.Š.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ján Strnádel
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (D.B.); (J.S.); (E.H.); (H.Š.)
| | - Tatiana Matáková
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University, Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Erika Halašová
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (D.B.); (J.S.); (E.H.); (H.Š.)
| | - Henrieta Škovierová
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (D.B.); (J.S.); (E.H.); (H.Š.)
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Ito F, Kato K, Yanatori I, Murohara T, Toyokuni S. Ferroptosis-dependent extracellular vesicles from macrophage contribute to asbestos-induced mesothelial carcinogenesis through loading ferritin. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102174. [PMID: 34700146 PMCID: PMC8577498 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Asbestos-associated diseases remain a social burden worldwide. Our previous studies identified asbestos-induced iron-rich milieu for mesothelial cells with ceaseless macrophage ferroptosis. However, molecular mechanisms how this mutagenic milieu influences mesothelial cells have not been elucidated yet. Here, we propose a novel mechanism that extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate asbestos-associated mutagenic factors to mesothelial cells. In a mice model of intraperitoneal crocidolite injection, mutagenic milieu highly expressed CD63, an exosomal marker. We then used a GFP-CD63 labeled THP-1 macrophage model exposed to crocidolite/iron, which generated EVs under ferroptotic process. We observed that MeT-5A mesothelial cells can receive and internalize these EVs. Furthermore, we comprehensively analyzed the ferroptosis-dependent EVs (FedEVs) for transported proteins and identified ferritin heavy/light chains as major components. Therefore, we inferred that FedEVs transport iron from ferroptotic macrophages to mesothelial cells. RNA sequencing revealed that the mesothelial cells receiving higher amounts of the FedEVs were mitotic, especially at the S and G2/M phases, by the use of Fucci mesothelial cells. Nuclear 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and γ-H2AX were significantly increased in the recipient mesothelial cells after exposure to FedEVs. Collectively, we here demonstrate a novel mechanism that FedEVs act as a key mutagenic mediator by transporting iron, which contribute to asbestos-induced mesothelial carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Kato
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Izumi Yanatori
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
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Yang F, Li G, Sang N. The phytotoxicities of agricultural soil samples from a coal gangue stacking area to several maize cultivars (Zea mays L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:52319-52328. [PMID: 34009574 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In Shanxi, a major energy province in China, environmental pollution caused by coal gangue accumulation is becoming an increasingly serious problem. In addition, crops are the first trophic level in the human food chain, and the security and production of crops are closely related to human well-being. The objective of this study was to estimate the phytotoxicities of agricultural soil samples contaminated by coal gangue accumulation using maize (Zea mays L.) as a model organism. Finally, a tolerant maize cultivar was screened for coal gangue stacking areas. Seven cultivars of maize seeds were treated with agricultural soil leachate around the coal gangue stacking area at various concentrations of 0, 1:27, 1:9, 1:3, and 1:1. The results revealed that the agricultural soil leachate treatment could inhibit seed germination and the growth of roots and shoots and that the soil leachate-induced phytotoxicities were cultivar-dependent. At the same exposure concentration, tolerant maize cultivar displayed lower toxicity symptoms than sensitive maize cultivar in terms of growth inhibition, oxidative damage, and DNA damage. Stronger activities of antioxidant enzymes were observed in the tolerant maize cultivar than in the sensitive maize cultivar, indicating that the difference between cultivars in antioxidant capacity is one reason for the difference in plant tolerance. Our study provides experimental evidence for the ecological risk assessment of soil and the selection of maize cultivars with high environmental pollutant tolerance for use in coal gangue stacking areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglong Yang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
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Gentric N, Genschik P, Noir S. Connections between the Cell Cycle and the DNA Damage Response in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179558. [PMID: 34502465 PMCID: PMC8431409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their sessile lifestyle, plants are especially exposed to various stresses, including genotoxic stress, which results in altered genome integrity. Upon the detection of DNA damage, distinct cellular responses lead to cell cycle arrest and the induction of DNA repair mechanisms. Interestingly, it has been shown that some cell cycle regulators are not only required for meristem activity and plant development but are also key to cope with the occurrence of DNA lesions. In this review, we first summarize some important regulatory steps of the plant cell cycle and present a brief overview of the DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms. Then, the role played by some cell cycle regulators at the interface between the cell cycle and DNA damage responses is discussed more specifically.
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Barno AR, Villela HDM, Aranda M, Thomas T, Peixoto RS. Host under epigenetic control: A novel perspective on the interaction between microorganisms and corals. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100068. [PMID: 34463364 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coral reefs have been challenged by the current rate and severity of environmental change that might outpace their ability to adapt and survive. Current research focuses on understanding how microbial communities and epigenetic changes separately affect phenotypes and gene expression of corals. Here, we provide the hypothesis that coral-associated microorganisms may directly or indirectly affect the coral's phenotypic response through the modulation of its epigenome. Homologs of ankyrin-repeat protein A and internalin B, which indirectly cause histone modifications in humans, as well as Rv1988 histone methyltransferase, and the DNA methyltransferases Rv2966c, Mhy1, Mhy2, and Mhy3 found in coral-associated bacteria indicate that there are potential host epigenome-modifying proteins in the coral microbiome. With the ideas presented here, we suggest that microbiome manipulation may be a means to alter a coral's epigenome, which could aid the current efforts to protect coral reefs. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/CW9GbChjKM4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Barno
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia
| | - Helena D M Villela
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia
| | - Manuel Aranda
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Raquel S Peixoto
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia.,Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Chao T, Hsieh C, Kuo Y, Yu Y, Wan C, Hsieh S. Bracteanolide A abrogates oxidative stress-induced cellular damage and protects against hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:4758-4769. [PMID: 34531989 PMCID: PMC8441430 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases, including viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer, mostly remain silent until the late stages and pose a continuing threat to millions of people worldwide. Liver transplantation is the most appropriate solution in the case of liver failure, but it is associated with hepatic ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury which severely reduces the prognosis of the patients. In order to ameliorate I/R injury, we investigated the potential of bracteanolide A, from the herb Tradescantia albiflora Kunth in protecting the liver from I/R injury. We first determined the protective effect of bracteanolide A against oxidative stress and DNA damage using HepG2 hepatocyte cell line and then assessed the levels of inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant proteins in response to hepatic insult using an animal model of hepatic I/R injury. The results showed bracteanolide A greatly enhanced cell survival and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production under H2O2 induction. It also upregulated the expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like2 (Nrf2) and its downstream cytoprotective proteins NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Bracteanolide A effectively reduced the severity of liver lesions in I/R-injured rats revealed by histological analysis and significantly decreased the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), cyclooxygenase-2, and inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Bracteanolide A preconditioning effectively protected the liver from I/R damage in the animal model, and this easily applied procedure may provide a new means to ameliorate hepatic I/R injury during liver surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting‐Yu Chao
- Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Cheng‐Chu Hsieh
- Biologics DivisionAnimal Health Research InstituteCouncil of AgricultureExecutive Yuan, New Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Yueh‐Hsiung Kuo
- Department of ChemistryNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine ResourcesChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of BiotechnologyAsia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research CenterChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Ya‐Ju Yu
- Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Cho‐Hua Wan
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologySchool of Veterinary MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Shu‐Chen Hsieh
- Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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Masi M, Koirala M, Delicato A, Di Lecce R, Merindol N, Ka S, Seck M, Tuzi A, Desgagne-Penix I, Calabrò V, Evidente A. Isolation and Biological Characterization of Homoisoflavanoids and the Alkylamide N- p-Coumaroyltyramine from Crinum biflorum Rottb., an Amaryllidaceae Species Collected in Senegal. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1298. [PMID: 34572511 PMCID: PMC8466962 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Crinum biflorum Rottb. (syn. Crinum distichum) is an Amaryllidaceae plant used in African traditional medicine but very few studies have been performed on this species from a chemical and applicative point of view. Bulbs of C. biflorum, collected in Senegal, were extracted with ethanol by Soxhlet and the corresponding organic extract was purified using chromatographic methods. The pure compounds were chemically characterized by spectroscopic techniques (1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR, HR MS and ECD) and X-ray analysis. Four homoisoflavonoids (1-4) and one alkylamide (5) were isolated and characterized as 5,6,7-trimethoxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)chroman-4-one (1), as 3-hydroxy-5,6,7-trimethoxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)chroman-4-one (2), as 3-hydroxy-5,6,7-trimethoxy-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)chroman-4-one (3) and as 5,6,7-trimethoxy-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)chroman-4-one (4), and the alkylamide as (E)-N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylamide (5), commonly named N-p-coumaroyltyramine. The relative configuration of compound 1 was verified thanks to the X-ray analysis which also allowed us to confirm its racemic nature. The absolute configurations of compounds 2 and 3 were assigned by comparing their ECD spectra with those previously reported for urgineanins A and B. Flavanoids 1, 3 and 4 showed promising anticancer properties being cytotoxic at low micromolar concentrations towards HeLa and A431 human cancer cell lines. The N-p-coumaroyltyramine (5) was selectively toxic to A431 and HeLa cancer cells while it protected immortalized HaCaT cells against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. Compounds 1-4 also inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity with compound 3 being the most potent. The anti-amylase and the strong anti-glucosidase activity of compound 5 were confirmed. Our results show that C. biflorum produces compounds of therapeutic interest with anti-diabetic, anti-tumoral and anti-acetylcholinesterase properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universita’ di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (R.D.L.); (A.T.); (A.E.)
| | - Manoj Koirala
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, Boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada; (M.K.); (N.M.); (S.K.); (I.D.-P.)
| | - Antonella Delicato
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita’ di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Roberta Di Lecce
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universita’ di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (R.D.L.); (A.T.); (A.E.)
| | - Natacha Merindol
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, Boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada; (M.K.); (N.M.); (S.K.); (I.D.-P.)
| | - Seydou Ka
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, Boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada; (M.K.); (N.M.); (S.K.); (I.D.-P.)
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Chimie Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d’Odontologie de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal;
| | - Matar Seck
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Chimie Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d’Odontologie de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal;
| | - Angela Tuzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universita’ di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (R.D.L.); (A.T.); (A.E.)
| | - Isabel Desgagne-Penix
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, Boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada; (M.K.); (N.M.); (S.K.); (I.D.-P.)
| | - Viola Calabrò
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita’ di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universita’ di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (R.D.L.); (A.T.); (A.E.)
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Alomar ML, Yañuk JG, Angel SO, Gonzalez MM, Cabrerizo FM. In vitro Effect of Harmine Alkaloid and Its N-Methyl Derivatives Against Toxoplasma gondii. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:716534. [PMID: 34421876 PMCID: PMC8375385 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.716534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is one of the most prevalent and neglected zoonotic global diseases caused by Toxoplasma gondii. The current pharmacological treatments show clinical limitations, and therefore, the search for new drugs is an urgent need in order to eradicate this infection. Due to their intrinsic biological activities, β-carboline (βC) alkaloids might represent a good alternative that deserves further investigations. In this context, the in vitro anti-T. gondii activity of three βCs, harmine (1), 2-methyl-harminium (2), and 9-methyl-harmine (3), was evaluated herein. Briefly, the three alkaloids exerted direct effects on the parasite invasion and/or replication capability. Replication rates of intracellular treated tachyzoites were also affected in a dose-dependent manner, at noncytotoxic concentrations for host cells. Additionally, cell cycle analysis revealed that both methyl-derivatives 2 and 3 induce parasite arrest in S/M phases. Compound 3 showed the highest irreversible parasite growth inhibition, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 1.8 ± 0.2 μM and a selectivity index (SI) of 17.2 at 4 days post infection. Due to high replication rates, tachyzoites are frequently subjected to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). This highly toxic lesion triggers a series of DNA damage response reactions, starting with a kinase cascade that phosphorylates a large number of substrates, including the histone H2A.X to lead the early DSB marker γH2A.X. Western blot studies showed that basal expression of γH2A.X was reduced in the presence of 3. Interestingly, the typical increase in γH2A.X levels produced by camptothecin (CPT), a drug that generates DSB, was not observed when CPT was co-administered with 3. These findings suggest that 3 might disrupt Toxoplasma DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Alomar
- Laboratorio de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Juan G Yañuk
- Laboratorio de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Sergio O Angel
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, INTECH, UNSAM - CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
| | - M Micaela Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Franco M Cabrerizo
- Laboratorio de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
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Inhibition of the DSB repair protein RAD51 potentiates the cytotoxic efficacy of doxorubicin via promoting apoptosis-related death pathways. Cancer Lett 2021; 520:361-373. [PMID: 34389435 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The anthracycline derivative doxorubicin (Doxo) induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by inhibition of DNA topoisomerase type II. Defective mismatch repair (MMR) contributes to Doxo resistance and has been reported for colon and mammary carcinomas. Here, we investigated the outcome of pharmacological inhibition of various DNA repair-related mechanisms on Doxo-induced cytotoxicity employing MMR-deficient HCT-116 colon carcinoma cells. Out of different inhibitors tested (i.e. HDACi, PARPi, MRE11i, RAD52i, RAD51i), we identified the RAD51-inhibitor B02 as the most powerful compound to synergistically increase Doxo-induced cytotoxicity. B02-mediated synergism rests on pleiotropic mechanisms, including pronounced G2/M arrest, damage to mitochondria and caspase-driven apoptosis. Of note, B02 also promotes the cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin and 5-fluoruracil (5-FU) in HCT-116 cells and, furthermore, also increases Doxo-induced cytotoxicity in MMR-proficient colon and mammary carcinoma cells. Summarizing, pharmacological inhibition of RAD51 is suggested to synergistically increase the cytotoxic efficacy of various types of conventional anticancer drugs in different tumor entities. Hence, pre-clinical in vivo studies are preferable to determine the therapeutic window of B02 in a clinically oriented therapeutic regimen.
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Jeffery NN, Davidson C, Peslak SA, Kingsley PD, Nakamura Y, Palis J, Bulger M. Histone H2A.X phosphorylation and Caspase-Initiated Chromatin Condensation in late-stage erythropoiesis. Epigenetics Chromatin 2021; 14:37. [PMID: 34330317 PMCID: PMC8325214 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-021-00408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Condensation of chromatin prior to enucleation is an essential component of terminal erythroid maturation, and defects in this process are associated with inefficient erythropoiesis and anemia. However, the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are not well understood. Here, we describe a potential role for the histone variant H2A.X in erythropoiesis. Results We find in multiple model systems that this histone is essential for normal maturation, and that the loss of H2A.X in erythroid cells results in dysregulation in expression of erythroid-specific genes as well as a nuclear condensation defect. In addition, we demonstrate that erythroid maturation is characterized by phosphorylation at both S139 and Y142 on the C-terminal tail of H2A.X during late-stage erythropoiesis. Knockout of the kinase BAZ1B/WSTF results in loss of Y142 phosphorylation and a defect in nuclear condensation, but does not replicate extensive transcriptional changes to erythroid-specific genes observed in the absence of H2A.X. Conclusions We relate these findings to Caspase-Initiated Chromatin Condensation (CICC) in terminal erythroid maturation, where aspects of the apoptotic pathway are invoked while apoptosis is specifically suppressed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13072-021-00408-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazish N Jeffery
- Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Christina Davidson
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Scott A Peslak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul D Kingsley
- Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - James Palis
- Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michael Bulger
- Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Hakim SA, Abd El-Kareem D. Evaluation of crypt apoptotic bodies and apoptotic indices in pediatric celiac disease by routine staining and H2AX immunostaining. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211026791. [PMID: 34137295 PMCID: PMC8216351 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211026791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder with premature apoptosis occurring along the entire crypt-villous axis. H2AX is the end product of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. This is the first study to assess apoptotic body counts (ABC) by H&E and apoptotic indices (AI) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in pediatric CD. The aim of the current study was to evaluate ABC in pediatric patients with CD prior to and following institution of a gluten free diet (GFD). Sixty-three pediatric endoscopic duodenal samples were assessed and divided into three groups. A total of 21 samples from treatment naïve CD patients, 21 from the same patients after instituting a GFD, and 21 from non-celiac patients as a control group. Histopathological evaluation of ABC by H&E, and immunohistochemistry assessment of apoptotic indices (AI) by H2AX antibody were performed. The mean maximum ABC and AI were significantly higher in treatment naïve CD than in GFD and control samples. These values were also significantly higher in treatment naïve Marsh 3C (flat) than in Marsh 1, 2, 3A, and 3B (non-flat) CD cases. GFD samples with persistent flat lesions had significantly higher ABC and AI than GFD non-flat cases. ROC analysis of the mean maximum ABC and AI of treatment naïve CD cases had a statistically significant predictive potential for persistent villous atrophy at a cut-off level ⩾6.61 (P = 0.008) and ⩾105.4 (P = 0.003), respectively. Histopathological evaluation of crypt apoptotic bodies could provide predictive potential for continued villous atrophy following GFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Adel Hakim
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Sarah Adel Hakim, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbasseya Square, 11561 Cairo, Egypt.
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da Silva Junior FC, Felipe MBMC, Castro DEFD, Araújo SCDS, Sisenando HCN, Batistuzzo de Medeiros SR. A look beyond the priority: A systematic review of the genotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic endpoints of non-priority PAHs. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 278:116838. [PMID: 33714059 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the toxic potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has increased over time. Much of this knowledge is about the 16 United States - Environmental Protection Agency (US - EPA) priority PAHs; however, there are other US - EPA non-priority PAHs in the environment, whose toxic potential is underestimated. We conducted a systematic review of in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies to assess the genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity of 13 US - EPA non-priority parental PAHs present in the environment. Electronic databases, such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, were used to search for research with selected terms without time restrictions. After analysis, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, 249 articles, published between 1946 and 2020, were selected and the quality assessment of these studies was performed. The results showed that 5-methylchrysene (5-MC), 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (7,12-DMBA), cyclopenta[cd]pyrene (CPP), and dibenzo[al]pyrene (Db[al]P) were the most studied PAHs. Moreover, 5-MC, 7,12-DMBA, benz[j]aceanthrylene (B[j]A), CPP, anthanthrene (ANT), dibenzo[ae]pyrene (Db[ae]P), and Db[al]P have been reported to cause mutagenic effects and have been being associated with a risk of carcinogenicity. Retene (RET) and benzo[c]fluorene (B[c]F), the least studied compounds, showed evidence of a strong influence on the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity endpoints. Overall, this systematic review provided evidence of the genotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic endpoints of US - EPA non-priority PAHs. However, further studies are needed to improve the future protocols of environmental analysis and risk assessment in severely exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Carlos da Silva Junior
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Graduate Program in Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Denis Elvis Farias de Castro
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Graduate Program in Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Sinara Carla da Silva Araújo
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Graduate Program in Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Herbert Costa Nóbrega Sisenando
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Silvia Regina Batistuzzo de Medeiros
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Graduate Program in Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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PUMA facilitates EMI1-promoted cytoplasmic Rad51 ubiquitination and inhibits DNA repair in stem and progenitor cells. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:129. [PMID: 33785736 PMCID: PMC8009889 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00510-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of genetic stability via proper DNA repair in stem and progenitor cells is essential for the tissue repair and regeneration, while preventing cell transformation after damage. Loss of PUMA dramatically increases the survival of mice after exposure to a lethal dose of ionizing radiation (IR), while without promoting tumorigenesis in the long-term survivors. This finding suggests that PUMA (p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis) may have a function other than regulates apoptosis. Here, we identify a novel role of PUMA in regulation of DNA repair in embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and immortalized hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) after IR. We found that PUMA-deficient PSCs and HPCs exhibited a significant higher double-strand break (DSB) DNA repair activity via Rad51-mediated homologous recombination (HR). This is because PUMA can be associated with early mitotic inhibitor 1 (EMI1) and Rad51 in the cytoplasm to facilitate EMI1-mediated cytoplasmic Rad51 ubiquitination and degradation, thereby inhibiting Rad51 nuclear translocation and HR DNA repair. Our data demonstrate that PUMA acts as a repressor for DSB DNA repair and thus offers a new rationale for therapeutic targeting of PUMA in regenerative cells in the context of DNA damage.
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Harris CM, Zamperoni KE, Sernoskie SC, Chow NSM, Massey TE. Effects of in vivo treatment of mice with sulforaphane on repair of DNA pyridyloxylbutylation. Toxicology 2021; 454:152753. [PMID: 33741493 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemical sulforaphane (SF) has gained interest for its apparent association with reduced cancer risk and other cytoprotective properties, at least some of which are attributed to activation of the transcription factor Nrf2. Repair of bulky DNA adducts is important for mitigating carcinogenesis from exogenous DNA damaging agents, but it is unknown whether in vivo treatment with SF affects adduct repair. At 12 h following a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg SF, an almost doubling in activity for repair of pyridyloxobutylated DNA was observed in CD-1 mouse liver nuclear extracts, but not in lung extracts. This change at 12 h in repair activity was preceded by the induction of Nrf2-regulated genes but not accompanied by changes in levels of the specific nucleotide excision repair (NER) proteins XPC, XPA, XPB and p53 or in binding of hepatic XPC, XPA and XPB to damaged DNA. SF also did not significantly alter histone deacetylase activity as measured by acetylated histone H3 levels, or stimulate formation of γ-H2A.X, a marker of DNA damage. A significant reduction in oxidative DNA damage, as measured by 8-OHdG (a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage), was observed only in DNA from the lungs of SF-treated mice 3 h post-dosing. These results suggest that the ability of SF to increase bulky adduct repair activity is organ-selective and is consistent with activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Harris
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kristen E Zamperoni
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Samantha C Sernoskie
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Natalie S M Chow
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Thomas E Massey
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Zhang T, Jing JL, Liu L, He Y. ZmRAD17 Is Required for Accurate Double-Strand Break Repair During Maize Male Meiosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:626528. [PMID: 33719299 PMCID: PMC7952653 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.626528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RAD17, a replication factor C (RFC)-like DNA damage sensor protein, is involved in DNA checkpoint control and required for both meiosis and mitosis in yeast and mammals. In plant, the meiotic function of RAD17 was only reported in rice so far. Here, we identified and characterized the RAD17 homolog in maize. The Zmrad17 mutants exhibited normal vegetative growth but male was partially sterile. In Zmrad17 pollen mother cells, non-homologous chromosome entanglement and chromosome fragmentation were frequently observed. Immunofluorescence analysis manifested that DSB formation occurred as normal and the loading pattern of RAD51 signals was similar to wild-type at the early stage of prophase I in the mutants. The localization of the axial element ASY1 was normal, while the assembly of the central element ZYP1 was severely disrupted in Zmrad17 meiocytes. Surprisingly, no obvious defect in female sterility was observed in Zmrad17 mutants. Taken together, our results suggest that ZmRAD17 is involved in DSB repair likely by promoting synaptonemal complex assembly in maize male meiosis. These phenomena highlight a high extent of divergence from its counterpart in rice, indicating that the RAD17 dysfunction can result in a drastic dissimilarity in meiotic outcome in different plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ju-Li Jing
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Chang Z, Qin W, Zheng H, Schegg K, Han L, Liu X, Wang Y, Wang Z, McSwiggin H, Peng H, Yuan S, Wu J, Wang Y, Zhu S, Jiang Y, Nie H, Tang Y, Zhou Y, Hitchcock MJM, Tang Y, Yan W. Triptonide is a reversible non-hormonal male contraceptive agent in mice and non-human primates. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1253. [PMID: 33623031 PMCID: PMC7902613 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
There are no non-hormonal male contraceptives currently on the market despite decades of efforts toward the development of "male pills". Here, we report that triptonide, a natural compound purified from the Chinese herb Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F displays reversible male contraceptive effects in both mice and monkeys. Single daily oral doses of triptonide induces deformed sperm with minimal or no forward motility (close to 100% penetrance) and consequently male infertility in 3-4 and 5-6 weeks in mice and cynomolgus monkeys, respectively. Male fertility is regained in ~4-6 weeks after cessation of triptonide intake in both species. Either short- or long-term triptonide treatment causes no discernable systematic toxic side effects based on histological examination of vital organs in mice and hematological and serum biochemical analyses in monkeys. Triptonide appears to target junction plakoglobin and disrupts its interactions with SPEM1 during spermiogenesis. Our data further prove that targeting late spermiogenesis represents an effective strategy for developing non-hormonal male contraceptives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Chang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Weibing Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Kathleen Schegg
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Lu Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Zhuqing Wang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Hayden McSwiggin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Hongying Peng
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Shuiqiao Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Jiabao Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxia Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghui Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjia Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Nie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael J M Hitchcock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Yunge Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA.
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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