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Shapiro JG, Changela N, Jang JK, Joshi JN, McKim KS. Distinct checkpoint and homolog biorientation pathways regulate meiosis I in Drosophila oocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.21.608908. [PMID: 39229242 PMCID: PMC11370425 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.21.608908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Mitosis and meiosis have two mechanisms for regulating the accuracy of chromosome segregation: error correction and the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). We have investigated the function of several checkpoint proteins in meiosis I of Drosophila oocytes. Evidence of a SAC response by several of these proteins is found upon depolymerization of microtubules by colchicine. However, unattached kinetochores or errors in biorientation of homologous chromosomes does not induce a SAC response. Furthermore, the metaphase I arrest does not depend on SAC genes, suggesting the APC is inhibited even if the SAC is silenced. Two SAC proteins, ROD of the ROD-ZW10-Zwilch (RZZ) complex and MPS1, are also required for the biorientation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I, suggesting an error correction function. Both proteins aid in preventing or correcting erroneous attachments and depend on SPC105R for localization to the kinetochore. We have defined a region of SPC105R, amino acids 123-473, that is required for ROD localization and biorientation of homologous chromosomes at meiosis I. Surprisingly, ROD removal, or "streaming", is independent of the dynein adaptor Spindly and is not linked to the stabilization of end-on attachments. Instead, meiotic RZZ streaming appears to depend on cell cycle stage and may be regulated independently of kinetochore attachment or biorientation status. We also show that dynein adaptor Spindly is also required for biorientation at meiosis I, and surprisingly, the direction of RZZ streaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanatta G Shapiro
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Neha Changela
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Janet K Jang
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jay N Joshi
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Kim S McKim
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
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2
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Ju JQ, Zhang HL, Wang Y, Hu LL, Sun SC. Kinesin KIFC3 is essential for microtubule stability and cytokinesis in oocyte meiosis. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:199. [PMID: 38553728 PMCID: PMC10979585 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01589-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
KIFC3 is a member of Kinesin-14 family motor proteins, which play a variety of roles such as centrosome cohesion, cytokinesis, vesicles transportation and cell proliferation in mitosis. Here, we investigated the functional roles of KIFC3 in meiosis. Our findings demonstrated that KIFC3 exhibited expression and localization at centromeres during metaphase I, followed by translocation to the midbody at telophase I throughout mouse oocyte meiosis. Disruption of KIFC3 activity resulted in defective polar body extrusion. We observed aberrant meiotic spindles and misaligned chromosomes, accompanied by the loss of kinetochore-microtubule attachment, which might be due to the failed recruitment of BubR1/Bub3. Coimmunoprecipitation data revealed that KIFC3 plays a crucial role in maintaining the acetylated tubulin level mediated by Sirt2, thereby influencing microtubule stability. Additionally, our findings demonstrated an interaction between KIFC3 and PRC1 in regulating midbody formation during telophase I, which is involved in cytokinesis regulation. Collectively, these results underscore the essential contribution of KIFC3 to spindle assembly and cytokinesis during mouse oocyte meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qian Ju
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hao-Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lin-Lin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Research on Clinical Molecular Diagnosis for High Incidence Diseases in Western Guangxi, Reproductive Medicine, Guangxi Medical and Health Key Discipline Construction Project, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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3
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Sun H, Guo Y, Yu R, Wang J, Liu Y, Chen H, Pang W, Yang G, Chu G, Gao L. Ru360 protects against vitrification-induced oocyte meiotic defects by restoring mitochondrial function. Theriogenology 2023; 204:40-49. [PMID: 37058855 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Oocyte vitrification has been widely application in female fertility preservation. Recent studies found that vitrification of immature (germinal vesicle stage, GV) oocytes increased the risk of aneuploidy during meiotic maturation; however, the underlying mechanisms and the strategies to prevent this defect remain unexplored. In this study, we found that vitrification of GV oocytes decreased the first polarbody extrusion rate (90.51 ± 1.04% vs. 63.89 ± 1.39%, p < 0.05) and increased the aneuploid rate (2.50% vs. 20.00%, p < 0.05), accompanied with a series of defects during meiotic maturation, including aberrant spindle morphology, chromosome misalignment, incorrect Kinetochore-Microtubule attachments (KT-MTs) and weakened spindle assembly checkpoint protein complex (SAC) function. We also found that vitrification disrupted mitochondrial function by increasing mitochondrial Ca2+ levels. Importantly, inhibition of mitochondrial Ca2+ entry by 1 μM Ru360 significantly restored mitochondrial function and rescued the meiotic defects, indicating that the increase of mitochondrial Ca2+, at least, was a cause of meiotic defects in vitrified oocytes. These results shed light on the molecular mechanisms of oocyte vitrification-induced adverse effects of meiotic maturation and provided a potential strategy to improve oocyte cryopreservation protocols further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yaoyao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ruochun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jialun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Youxue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- Animal Husbandry Industry Test and Demonstration Center of Shaanxi Province, Jingyang, 713708, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Weijun Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Guiyan Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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4
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Huang Y, Roig I. Genetic control of meiosis surveillance mechanisms in mammals. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1127440. [PMID: 36910159 PMCID: PMC9996228 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1127440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized cell division that generates haploid gametes and is critical for successful sexual reproduction. During the extended meiotic prophase I, homologous chromosomes progressively pair, synapse and desynapse. These chromosomal dynamics are tightly integrated with meiotic recombination (MR), during which programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are formed and subsequently repaired. Consequently, parental chromosome arms reciprocally exchange, ultimately ensuring accurate homolog segregation and genetic diversity in the offspring. Surveillance mechanisms carefully monitor the MR and homologous chromosome synapsis during meiotic prophase I to avoid producing aberrant chromosomes and defective gametes. Errors in these critical processes would lead to aneuploidy and/or genetic instability. Studies of mutation in mouse models, coupled with advances in genomic technologies, lead us to more clearly understand how meiosis is controlled and how meiotic errors are linked to mammalian infertility. Here, we review the genetic regulations of these major meiotic events in mice and highlight our current understanding of their surveillance mechanisms. Furthermore, we summarize meiotic prophase genes, the mutations that activate the surveillance system leading to meiotic prophase arrest in mouse models, and their corresponding genetic variants identified in human infertile patients. Finally, we discuss their value for the diagnosis of causes of meiosis-based infertility in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Genome Integrity and Instability Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Histology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Cytology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ignasi Roig
- Genome Integrity and Instability Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Histology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Cytology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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5
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Sun H, Sun G, Zhang H, An H, Guo Y, Ge J, Han L, Zhu S, Tang S, Li C, Xu C, Guo X, Wang Q. Proteomic Profiling Reveals the Molecular Control of Oocyte Maturation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 22:100481. [PMID: 36496143 PMCID: PMC9823227 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic maturation is an intricate and precisely regulated process orchestrated by various pathways and numerous proteins. However, little is known about the proteome landscape during oocytes maturation. Here, we obtained the temporal proteomic profiles of mouse oocytes during in vivo maturation. We successfully quantified 4694 proteins from 4500 oocytes in three key stages (germinal vesicle, germinal vesicle breakdown, and metaphase II). In particular, we discovered the novel proteomic features during oocyte maturation, such as the active Skp1-Cullin-Fbox pathway and an increase in mRNA decay-related proteins. Using functional approaches, we further identified the key factors controlling the histone acetylation state in oocytes and the vital proteins modulating meiotic cell cycle. Taken together, our data serve as a broad resource on the dynamics occurring in oocyte proteome and provide important knowledge to better understand the molecular mechanisms during germ cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiqing An
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueshuai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Longsen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shoubin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Congyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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6
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Conway W, Kiewisz R, Fabig G, Kelleher CP, Wu HY, Anjur-Dietrich M, Müller-Reichert T, Needleman DJ. Self-organization of kinetochore-fibers in human mitotic spindles. eLife 2022; 11:75458. [PMID: 35876665 PMCID: PMC9398449 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During eukaryotic cell division, chromosomes are linked to microtubules (MTs) in the spindle by a macromolecular complex called the kinetochore. The bound kinetochore microtubules (KMTs) are crucial to ensuring accurate chromosome segregation. Recent reconstructions by electron tomography (Kiewisz et al., 2022) captured the positions and configurations of every MT in human mitotic spindles, revealing that roughly half the KMTs in these spindles do not reach the pole. Here, we investigate the processes that give rise to this distribution of KMTs using a combination of analysis of large-scale electron tomography, photoconversion experiments, quantitative polarized light microscopy, and biophysical modeling. Our results indicate that in metaphase, KMTs grow away from the kinetochores along well-defined trajectories, with the speed of the KMT minus ends continually decreasing as the minus ends approach the pole, implying that longer KMTs grow more slowly than shorter KMTs. The locations of KMT minus ends, and the turnover and movements of tubulin in KMTs, are consistent with models in which KMTs predominately nucleate de novo at kinetochores in metaphase and are inconsistent with substantial numbers of non-KMTs being recruited to the kinetochore in metaphase. Taken together, this work leads to a mathematical model of the self-organization of kinetochore-fibers in human mitotic spindles.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Conway
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Robert Kiewisz
- Experimental Center, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gunar Fabig
- Experimental Center, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Colm P Kelleher
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Hai-Yin Wu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Maya Anjur-Dietrich
- John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Thomas Müller-Reichert
- Experimental Center, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel J Needleman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
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7
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Ding ZM, Chen YW, Ahmad MJ, Wang YS, Yang SJ, Duan ZQ, Liu M, Yang CX, Liang AX, Hua GH, Huo LJ. Bisphenol F exposure affects mouse oocyte in vitro maturation through inducing oxidative stress and DNA damage. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1413-1422. [PMID: 35218298 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol F (BPF), a substitute for bisphenol A (BPA), is progressively used to manufacture various consumer products. Despite the established reproductive toxicity of BPF, the underlying mechanisms remain to elucidate. This in-vitro study deep in sighted the BPF toxicity on mouse oocyte meiotic maturation and quality. After treating oocytes with BPF (300 μM), the oocyte meiotic progression was blocked, accentuated by a reduced rate in the first polar body extrusion (PBE). Next, we illustrated that BPF induced α-tubulin hyper-acetylation disrupted the spindle assembly and chromosome alignment. Concurrently, BPF resulted in severe oxidative stress and DNA damage, which triggered the early apoptosis in mouse oocytes. Further, altered epigenetic modifications following BPF exposure were proved by increased H3K27me3 levels. Concerning the toxic effects on spindle structure, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in mouse oocytes, BPF toxicity was less severe to oocyte maturation and spindle structure than BPA and induced low oxidative stress. However, compared with BPA, oocytes treated with BPF were more prone to DNA damage, indicating not less intense or even more severe toxic effects of BPF than BPA on some aspects of oocytes maturation. In brief, the present study established that like wise to BPA, BPF could inhibit meiotic maturation and reduce oocyte quality, suggesting it is not a safe substitute for BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ming Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang-Wu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Jamil Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng-Ji Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ze-Qun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cai-Xia Yang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ai-Xin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo-Hua Hua
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Jun Huo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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8
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Gasic S, Mihola O, Trachtulec Z. Prdm9 deficiency of rat oocytes causes synapsis among non-homologous chromosomes and aneuploidy. Mamm Genome 2022; 33:590-605. [PMID: 35596034 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-022-09954-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy (abnormal chromosome number) accompanies reduced ovarian function in humans and mice, but the reasons behind this concomitance remain underexplored. Some variants in the human gene encoding histone-3-lysine-4,36-trimethyltransferase PRDM9 are associated with aneuploidy, and other variants with ovarian function reduced by premature ovarian failure (POF), but no link between POF and aneuploidy has been revealed. SHR/OlaIpcv rat females lacking PRDM9 manifest POF-a reduced follicle number, litter size, and reproductive age. Here, we explored this model to test how POF relates to oocyte euploidy. The mutant rat females displayed increased oocyte aneuploidy and embryonic death of their offspring compared to controls. Because rat PRDM9 positions meiotic DNA breaks, we investigated the repair of these breaks. Fertile control rodents carry pachytene oocytes with synapsed homologous chromosomes and repaired breaks, while sterile Prdm9-deficient mice carry pachytene-like oocytes with many persisting breaks and asynapsed chromosomes. However, most PRDM9-lacking rat oocytes displayed a few persisting breaks and non-homologous synapsis (NHS). HORMAD2 protein serves as a barrier to sister-chromatid repair and a signal for the synapsis and DNA repair checkpoints. NHS but not asynapsis was associated with HORMAD2 levels similar to the levels on rat pachytene chromosomes with homologous synapsis. NHS was accompanied by crossing-over decreased below the minimum that is essential for euploidy. We argue that the increased mutant rat aneuploidy is due to NHS, which allows some oocytes to pass meiotic checkpoints without one crossing-over per chromosomal pair, leading to segregation errors, and thereby NHS links POF to aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan Gasic
- Laboratory of Germ Cell Development, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Mihola
- Laboratory of Germ Cell Development, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Trachtulec
- Laboratory of Germ Cell Development, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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9
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The process of ovarian aging: it is not just about oocytes and granulosa cells. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:783-792. [PMID: 35352316 PMCID: PMC9051003 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian age is classically considered the main cause of female reproductive infertility. In women, the process proceeds as an ongoing decline in the primordial follicle stockpile and it is associated with reduced fertility in the mid-thirties, irregular menstruation from the mid-forties, cessation of fertility, and, eventually, menopause in the early fifties. Reproductive aging is historically associated with changes in oocyte quantity and quality. However, besides the oocyte, other cellular as well as environmental factors have been the focus of more recent investigations suggesting that ovarian decay is a complex and multifaceted process. Among these factors, we will consider mitochondria and oxidative stress as related to nutrition, changes in extracellular matrix molecules, and the associated ovarian stromal compartment where immune cells of both the native and adaptive systems seem to play an important role. Understanding such processes is crucial to design treatment strategies to slow down ovarian aging and consequently prolong reproductive lifespan and, more to this, alleviaingt side effects of menopause on the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and nervous systems.
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10
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Yue W, Wang Y, Meng T, Zhang H, Zhang X, Ouyang Y, Hou Y, Schatten H, Wang Z, Sun Q. Kinetochore scaffold 1 regulates SAC function during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22210. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101586rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Tie‐Gang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hong‐Yong Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University‐The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center Shenzhen China
| | - Xin‐Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ying‐Chun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Heide Schatten
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology University of Missouri Columbia Missouri USA
| | - Zhen‐Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Qing‐Yuan Sun
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Guangdong‐Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory Reproductive Medicine Center Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital Guangzhou China
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11
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Guimarães RM, Ribeiro LM, Sasaki LP, Nakagawa HM, Cabral IO. Oocyte Morphology and Reproductive Outcomes - Case Report and Literature Review. JBRA Assist Reprod 2021; 25:500-507. [PMID: 33739798 PMCID: PMC8312307 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20210001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocyte quality could be negatively affected by many factors including smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, woman's age, endometriosis and controlled ovarian stimulation (COS), during assisted reproductive technology (ART), in addition to genetic factors, such as hormone receptor polymorphisms, for example. We know that the increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to systemic disorders causes biochemical and morphological changes to the oocytes, interfering with their quality. The oocyte dysmorphism can be expressed through intra and/or extra cytoplasmic changes. In general, the size and number of oocytes' morphological abnormalities are directly related to preimplantation development failure. This case report is based on four in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles performed by a patient with oocyte dysmorphism in all oocytes captured. The literature review on this topic aims to relate the characteristics of the oocytes, presented in the case report, with research results about the quality and morphology of the oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Meirelles Guimarães
- Genesis - Human Reproduction Assistance Center - Brasílila, DF, Brazil.,Taguatinga Regional Hospital - Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Larissa Maciel Ribeiro
- Genesis - Human Reproduction Assistance Center - Brasílila, DF, Brazil.,Maternal-Infant Hospital of Brasília - Department of Human Reproduction - Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Lizandra Paravidine Sasaki
- Genesis - Human Reproduction Assistance Center - Brasílila, DF, Brazil.,University Hospital of Brasília - Brasília, DF, Brazil
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12
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Al-Zubaidi U, Adhikari D, Cinar O, Zhang QH, Yuen WS, Murphy MP, Rombauts L, Robker RL, Carroll J. Mitochondria-targeted therapeutics, MitoQ and BGP-15, reverse aging-associated meiotic spindle defects in mouse and human oocytes. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:771-784. [PMID: 33367783 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do mitochondria-targeted therapies reverse ageing- and oxidative stress-induced spindle defects in oocytes from mice and humans? SUMMARY ANSWER Exposure to MitoQ or BGP-15 during IVM protected against spindle and chromosomal defects in mouse oocytes exposed to oxidative stress or derived from reproductively aged mice whilst MitoQ promoted nuclear maturation and protected against chromosomal misalignments in human oocytes. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Spindle and chromosomal abnormalities in oocytes are more prevalent with maternal aging, increasing the risk of aneuploidy, miscarriage and genetic disorders such as Down's syndrome. The origin of compromised oocyte function may be founded in mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Oocytes from young and old mice were treated with MitoQ and/or BGP-15 during IVM. To directly induce mitochondrial dysfunction, oocytes were treated with H2O2, and then treated the MitoQ and/or BGP-15. Immature human oocytes were cultured with or without MitoQ. Each experiment was repeated at least three times, and data were analyzed by unpaired-sample t-test or chi-square test. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Immature germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes from 1-, 12- and 18-month-old mice were obtained from preovulatory ovarian follicles. Oocytes were treated with MitoQ and/or BGP-15 during IVM. GV-stage human oocytes were cultured with or without MitoQ. Mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial ROS were measured by live-cell imaging. Meiotic spindle and chromosome alignments were visualized by immunofluorescent labeling of fixed oocytes and the 3-dimensional images were analyzed by Imaris. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE MitoQ or BGP-15 during IVM protects against spindle and chromosomal defects in oocytes exposed to oxidative stress and in oocytes from aged mice (P < 0.001). In human oocytes, the presence of MitoQ during IVM promoted nuclear maturation and had a similar positive effect in protecting against chromosomal misalignments (P < 0.001). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our study identifies two excellent candidates that may help to improve fertility in older women. However, these potential therapies must be tested for efficacy in clinical IVM systems, and undergo thorough examination of resultant offspring in preclinical models before utilization. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results using in-vitro systems for oocyte maturation in both mouse and human provide proof of principle that mitochondrially targeted molecules such as MitoQ and BGP-15 may represent a novel therapeutic approach against maternal aging-related spindle and chromosomal abnormalities. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The project was financially supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council and Australian Research Council, Australia. U.A.-Z. was supported by the Iraqi Higher Education and Scientific Research Ministry PhD scholarship and O.C. was supported by TUBITAK-1059B191601275. M.P.M. consults for MitoQ Inc. and holds patents in mitochondria-targeted therapies. R.L.R. is an inventor on patents relating to the use of BGP-15 to improve gamete quality. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Al-Zubaidi
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.,Applied Embryology Department, High Institute for Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies, AL-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Deepak Adhikari
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ozgur Cinar
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Qing-Hua Zhang
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Wai Shan Yuen
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Luk Rombauts
- Monash IVF, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Robker
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.,School of Medicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - John Carroll
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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13
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Madhurima K, Nandi B, Sekhar A. Metamorphic proteins: the Janus proteins of structural biology. Open Biol 2021; 11:210012. [PMID: 33878950 PMCID: PMC8059507 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The structural paradigm that the sequence of a protein encodes for a unique three-dimensional native fold does not acknowledge the intrinsic plasticity encapsulated in conformational free energy landscapes. Metamorphic proteins are a recently discovered class of biomolecules that illustrate this plasticity by folding into at least two distinct native state structures of comparable stability in the absence of ligands or cofactors to facilitate fold-switching. The expanding list of metamorphic proteins clearly shows that these proteins are not mere aberrations in protein evolution, but may have actually been a consequence of distinctive patterns in selection pressure such as those found in virus–host co-evolution. In this review, we describe the structure–function relationships observed in well-studied metamorphic protein systems, with specific focus on how functional residues are sequestered or exposed in the two folds of the protein. We also discuss the implications of metamorphosis for protein evolution and the efforts that are underway to predict metamorphic systems from sequence properties alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulkarni Madhurima
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Bodhisatwa Nandi
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Ashok Sekhar
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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14
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Wakiya M, Nishi E, Kawai S, Yamada K, Katsumata K, Hirayasu A, Itabashi Y, Yamamoto A. Chiasmata and the kinetochore component Dam1 are crucial for elimination of erroneous chromosome attachments and centromere oscillation at meiosis I. Open Biol 2021; 11:200308. [PMID: 33529549 PMCID: PMC8061696 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishment of proper chromosome attachments to the spindle requires elimination of erroneous attachments, but the mechanism of this process is not fully understood. During meiosis I, sister chromatids attach to the same spindle pole (mono-oriented attachment), whereas homologous chromosomes attach to opposite poles (bi-oriented attachment), resulting in homologous chromosome segregation. Here, we show that chiasmata that link homologous chromosomes and kinetochore component Dam1 are crucial for elimination of erroneous attachments and oscillation of centromeres between the spindle poles at meiosis I in fission yeast. In chiasma-forming cells, Mad2 and Aurora B kinase, which provides time for attachment correction and destabilizes erroneous attachments, respectively, caused elimination of bi-oriented attachments of sister chromatids, whereas in chiasma-lacking cells, they caused elimination of mono-oriented attachments. In chiasma-forming cells, in addition, homologous centromere oscillation was coordinated. Furthermore, Dam1 contributed to attachment elimination in both chiasma-forming and chiasma-lacking cells, and drove centromere oscillation. These results demonstrate that chiasmata alter attachment correction patterns by enabling error correction factors to eliminate bi-oriented attachment of sister chromatids, and suggest that Dam1 induces elimination of erroneous attachments. The coincidental contribution of chiasmata and Dam1 to centromere oscillation also suggests a potential link between centromere oscillation and attachment elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misuzu Wakiya
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Eriko Nishi
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Kawai
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamada
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Katsumata
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Ami Hirayasu
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yuta Itabashi
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Ayumu Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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15
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Wang D, Sun H, Zhang J, Huang Z, Li C, Han L, Xin Y, Tang S, Ge J, Wang Q. FKBP25 Regulates Meiotic Apparatus During Mouse Oocyte Maturation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:625805. [PMID: 33553183 PMCID: PMC7859338 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.625805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FK506 binding proteins 25 (FKBP25) has been shown to function in ribosome biogenesis, chromatin organization, and microtubule stability in mitosis. However, the role of FKBP25 in oocyte maturation has not been investigated. Here, we report that oocytes with FKBP25 depletion display abnormal spindle assembly and chromosomes alignment, with defective kinetochore-microtubule attachment. Consistent with this finding, aneuploidy incidence is also elevated in oocytes depleted of FKBP25. Importantly, FKBP25 protein level in old oocytes is significantly reduced, and ectopic expression of FKBP25 could partly rescue the aging-associated meiotic defects. In addition, by employing site-specific mutagenesis, we identify that serine 163 is a major, if not unique, phosphorylation site modulating the action of FKBP25 on meiotic maturation. In summary, our data indicate that FKBP25 is a pivotal factor for determining oocyte quality, and may mediate the effects of maternal aging on female reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongzheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenyue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Congyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Longsen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shoubin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Yu L, Zhang H, Guan X, Qin D, Zhou J, Wu X. Loss of ESRP1 blocks mouse oocyte development and leads to female infertility. Development 2021; 148:dev196931. [PMID: 33318146 DOI: 10.1242/dev.196931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) contributes to gene diversification, but the AS program during germline development remains largely undefined. Here, we interrupted pre-mRNA splicing events controlled by epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1) and found that it induced female infertility in mice. Esrp1 deletion perturbed spindle organization, chromosome alignment and metaphase-to-anaphase transformation in oocytes. The first polar body extrusion was blocked during oocyte meiosis owing to abnormal activation of spindle assembly checkpoint and insufficiency of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome in Esrp1-knockout oocytes. Esrp1-knockout hampered follicular development and ovulation; eventually, premature ovarian failure occurred in six-month-old Esrp1-knockout mouse. Using single-cell RNA-seq analysis, 528 aberrant AS events of maternal mRNA transcripts were revealed and were preferentially associated with microtubule cytoskeletal organization. Notably, we found that loss of ESRP1 disturbed a comprehensive set of gene-splicing sites - including those within Trb53bp1, Rac1, Bora, Kif2c, Kif23, Ndel1, Kif3a, Cenpa and Lsm14b - that potentially caused abnormal spindle organization. Collectively, our findings provide the first report elucidating the ESRP1-mediated AS program of maternal mRNA transcripts, which may contribute to oocyte meiosis and female fertility in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Huiru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xuebing Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Dongdong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory, Wuxi Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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17
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Aneuploidy in human eggs: contributions of the meiotic spindle. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:107-118. [PMID: 33449109 PMCID: PMC7925012 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human eggs frequently contain an incorrect number of chromosomes, a condition termed aneuploidy. Aneuploidy affects ∼10-25% of eggs in women in their early 30s, and more than 50% of eggs from women over 40. Most aneuploid eggs cannot develop to term upon fertilization, making aneuploidy in eggs a leading cause of miscarriages and infertility. The cellular origins of aneuploidy in human eggs are incompletely understood. Aneuploidy arises from chromosome segregation errors during the two meiotic divisions of the oocyte, the progenitor cell of the egg. Chromosome segregation is driven by a microtubule spindle, which captures and separates the paired chromosomes during meiosis I, and sister chromatids during meiosis II. Recent studies reveal that defects in the organization of the acentrosomal meiotic spindle contribute to human egg aneuploidy. The microtubules of the human oocyte spindle are very frequently incorrectly attached to meiotic kinetochores, the multi-protein complexes on chromosomes to which microtubules bind. Multiple features of human oocyte spindles favour incorrect attachments. These include spindle instability and many age-related changes in chromosome and kinetochore architecture. Here, we review how the unusual spindle assembly mechanism in human oocytes contributes to the remarkably high levels of aneuploidy in young human eggs, and how age-related changes in chromosome and kinetochore architecture cause aneuploidy levels to rise even higher as women approach their forties.
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18
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Cai Q, Wen K, Ma M, Chen W, Mo D, He Z, Chen Y, Cong P. EZH2 is essential for spindle assembly regulation and chromosomal integrity during porcine oocyte meiotic maturation†. Biol Reprod 2020; 104:562-577. [PMID: 33246325 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) has been extensively investigated to participate in diverse biological processes, including carcinogenesis, the cell cycle, X-chromosome inactivation, and early embryonic development. However, the functions of this protein during mammalian oocyte meiotic maturation remain largely unexplored. Here, combined with RNA-Seq, we provided evidence that EZH2 is essential for oocyte meiotic maturation in pigs. First, EZH2 protein expression increased with oocyte progression from GV to MII stage. Second, the siRNA-mediated depletion of EZH2 led to accelerated GVBD and early occurrence of the first polar body extrusion. Third, EZH2 knockdown resulted in defective spindle assembly, abnormal SAC activity, and unstable K-MT attachment, which was concomitant with the increased rate of aneuploidy. Finally, EZH2 silencing exacerbated oxidative stress by increasing ROS levels and disrupting the distribution of active mitochondria in porcine oocytes. Furthermore, parthenogenetic embryonic development was impaired following the depletion of EZH2 at GV stage. Taken together, we concluded that EZH2 is necessary for porcine oocyte meiotic progression through regulating spindle organization, maintaining chromosomal integrity, and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Keying Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Miao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Delin Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiqing Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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19
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Mogessie B. Advances and surprises in a decade of oocyte meiosis research. Essays Biochem 2020; 64:263-275. [PMID: 32538429 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Eggs are produced from progenitor oocytes through meiotic cell division. Fidelity of meiosis is critical for healthy embryogenesis - fertilisation of aneuploid eggs that contain the wrong number of chromosomes is a leading cause of genetic disorders including Down's syndrome, human embryo deaths and infertility. Incidence of meiosis-related oocyte and egg aneuploidies increases dramatically with advancing maternal age, which further complicates the 'meiosis problem'. We have just emerged from a decade of meiosis research that was packed with exciting and transformative research. This minireview will focus primarily on studies of mechanisms that directly influence chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyam Mogessie
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K
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20
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Gao L, Hou Y, Zeng S, Li J, Zhu S, Fu X. The Error-Prone Kinetochore-Microtubule Attachments During Meiosis I in Vitrified Oocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:621. [PMID: 32733898 PMCID: PMC7363986 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocytes vitrification is frequently applied in assisted reproductive technologies. However, chromosomes segregation was error-prone during meiosis maturation of vitrified oocytes. The fidelity of chromosomes segregation depends on the correct kinetochore-microtubule attachments (KT-MTs). In meiosis I, the Aurora B/C would not spatially separate from the attachment sites upon bivalents stretched. Oocytes lack a mechanism for coordinating bivalent stretching and Aurora B/C inhibition in meiosis I. Thus, the KT-MTs are unstable in oocytes. In this study, we firstly found the incorrect KT-MTs were markedly increased in vitrified oocytes. The Aurora B/C activity in vitrified oocytes was significantly increased when the bivalents were stretched. This Aurora B/C activity could not induce a SAC response, as the SAC protein Mad2 was significantly decreased during MI stage in vitrified oocytes. Thus, the KT-MTs in vitrified oocytes were error-prone. This study, for the first time, revealed the mechanism of the incorrect KT-MTs occurred in vitrified oocytes and provided a theoretical basis for further improvement of oocytes vitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunpeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenming Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junyou Li
- Animal Resource Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shien Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangwei Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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21
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Mikwar M, MacFarlane AJ, Marchetti F. Mechanisms of oocyte aneuploidy associated with advanced maternal age. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 785:108320. [PMID: 32800274 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that maternal age is associated with a rapid decline in the production of healthy and high-quality oocytes resulting in reduced fertility in women older than 35 years of age. In particular, chromosome segregation errors during meiotic divisions are increasingly common and lead to the production of oocytes with an incorrect number of chromosomes, a condition known as aneuploidy. When an aneuploid oocyte is fertilized by a sperm it gives rise to an aneuploid embryo that, except in rare situations, will result in a spontaneous abortion. As females advance in age, they are at higher risk of infertility, miscarriage, or having a pregnancy affected by congenital birth defects such as Down syndrome (trisomy 21), Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18), and Turner syndrome (monosomy X). Here, we review the potential molecular mechanisms associated with increased chromosome segregation errors during meiosis as a function of maternal age. Our review shows that multiple exogenous and endogenous factors contribute to the age-related increase in oocyte aneuploidy. Specifically, the weight of evidence indicates that recombination failure, cohesin deterioration, spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) disregulation, abnormalities in post-translational modification of histones and tubulin, and mitochondrial dysfunction are the leading causes of oocyte aneuploidy associated with maternal aging. There is also growing evidence that dietary and other bioactive interventions may mitigate the effect of maternal aging on oocyte quality and oocyte aneuploidy, thereby improving fertility outcomes. Maternal age is a major concern for aneuploidy and genetic disorders in the offspring in the context of an increasing proportion of mothers having children at increasingly older ages. A better understanding of the mechanisms associated with maternal aging leading to aneuploidy and of intervention strategies that may mitigate these detrimental effects and reduce its occurrence are essential for preventing abnormal reproductive outcomes in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myy Mikwar
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Nutrition Research Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda J MacFarlane
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Nutrition Research Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francesco Marchetti
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Mechanistic Studies Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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22
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Zhou C, Miao Y, Cui Z, ShiYang X, Zhang Y, Xiong B. The cohesin release factor Wapl interacts with Bub3 to govern SAC activity in female meiosis I. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax3969. [PMID: 32284991 PMCID: PMC7141834 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax3969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
During mitotic prophase, cohesins are removed from chromosome arms by Wapl to ensure faithful sister chromatid separation. However, during female meiosis I, the resolution of chiasmata requires the proteolytic cleavage of cohesin subunit Rec8 along chromosome arms by Separase to separate homologs, and thus the role of Wapl remained unknown. Here, we report that Wapl functions as a regulator of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) to prevent aneuploidy in meiosis I. Depletion of Wapl accelerates meiotic progression, inactivates SAC, and causes meiotic defects such as aberrant spindle/chromosome structure and incorrect kinetochore-microtubule (K-MT) attachment, consequently leading to aneuploid eggs. Notably, we identify Bub3 as a binding partner of Wapl by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis. We further determine that Wapl controls the SAC activity by maintaining Bub3 protein level and document that exogenous Bub3 restores the normal meiosis in Wapl-depleted oocytes. Together, our findings uncover unique, noncanonical roles for Wapl in mediating control of the SAC in female meiosis I.
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23
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Wang Y, Li J, Dong F, Yue W, Ouyang YC, Wang ZB, Hou Y, Schatten H, Sun QY. CENP-T regulates both the G2/M transition and anaphase entry by acting through CDH1 in meiotic oocytes. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs238105. [PMID: 31964702 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.238105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocyte meiotic maturation failure is one of the major causes for female infertility. Meiotic resumption (the G2/M transition) and progression through metaphase I (MI) are two critical stages of oocyte meiotic maturation. Here, we report that centromere protein T (CENP-T), an internal kinetochore protein, plays a critical role in meiotic resumption of mouse oocytes. Depletion of CENP-T by siRNA injection increased the CDH1 (also known as FZR1) level, resulting in increased activity of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC)-CDH1 complex, and further leading to decreased levels of the cyclin protein CCNB1, attenuated maturation-promoting factor (MPF) activity, and finally severely compromised meiotic resumption. The impaired meiotic resumption caused by CENP-T depletion could be rescued by overexpression of exogenous CCNB1 or knockdown of endogenous CDH1. Overexpression of exogenous CENP-T resulted in decreased CDH1 levels, which accelerated the progression of G2/M transition, and accelerated meiotic cell cycle progression after germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). Unexpectedly, spindle organization after GVBD was not affected by the overexpression, but the distribution of chromosomes was affected. Our findings reveal a novel role for CENP-T in regulating meiotic progression by acting through CDH1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Feng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying-Chun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Heide Schatten
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MI 65211, USA
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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24
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Keating L, Touati SA, Wassmann K. A PP2A-B56-Centered View on Metaphase-to-Anaphase Transition in Mouse Oocyte Meiosis I. Cells 2020; 9:E390. [PMID: 32046180 PMCID: PMC7072534 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is required to reduce to haploid the diploid genome content of a cell, generating gametes-oocytes and sperm-with the correct number of chromosomes. To achieve this goal, two specialized cell divisions without intermediate S-phase are executed in a time-controlled manner. In mammalian female meiosis, these divisions are error-prone. Human oocytes have an exceptionally high error rate that further increases with age, with significant consequences for human fertility. To understand why errors in chromosome segregation occur at such high rates in oocytes, it is essential to understand the molecular players at work controlling these divisions. In this review, we look at the interplay of kinase and phosphatase activities at the transition from metaphase-to-anaphase for correct segregation of chromosomes. We focus on the activity of PP2A-B56, a key phosphatase for anaphase onset in both mitosis and meiosis. We start by introducing multiple roles PP2A-B56 occupies for progression through mitosis, before laying out whether or not the same principles may apply to the first meiotic division in oocytes, and describing the known meiosis-specific roles of PP2A-B56 and discrepancies with mitotic cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Keating
- Mammalian Oocyte Meiosis (MOM) UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; (L.K.); (S.A.T.)
- CNRS UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandra A. Touati
- Mammalian Oocyte Meiosis (MOM) UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; (L.K.); (S.A.T.)
- CNRS UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Katja Wassmann
- Mammalian Oocyte Meiosis (MOM) UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; (L.K.); (S.A.T.)
- CNRS UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
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25
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Xie D, Zhang J, Ding J, Yang J, Zhang Y. OLA1 is responsible for normal spindle assembly and SAC activation in mouse oocytes. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8180. [PMID: 31915569 PMCID: PMC6944127 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background OLA1 is a member of the GTPase protein family; unlike other members, it possess both GTPase and ATPase activities, and can bind and hydrolyze ATP more efficiently than GTP. OLA1 participates in cell proliferation, oxidative response, protein synthesis and tumorigenesis. However, whether OLA1 is also required for oocyte meiosis is still unknown. Methods In this study, the localization, expression, and functions of OLA1 in the mouse oocyte meiosis were examined. Immunofluorescent and confocal microscopy were used to explore the location pattern of OLA1 in the mouse oocyte. Moreover, nocodazole treatment was used to confirm the spindle-like location of OLA1 during mouse meiosis. Western blot was used to explore the expression pattern of OLA1 in the mouse oocyte. Microinjection of siRNA was used to explore the OLA1 functions in the mouse oocyte meiosis. In addition, chromosome spreading was used to investigate the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) activity. Results Immunofluorescent staining showed that OLA1 evenly distributed in the cytoplasm at germinal vesicle (GV) stage. After meiosis resumption (GVBD), OLA1 co-localized with spindles, which was further identified by nocodazole treatment experiments. Knockdown of OLA1 impaired the germinal vesicle breakdown progression and finally resulted in a lower polar body extrusion rate. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that knockdown of OLA1 led to abnormal spindle assembly, which was evidenced by multipolar spindles in OLA1-RNAi-oocytes. After 6 h post-GVBD in culture, an increased proportion of oocyte which has precociously entered into anaphase/telephase I (A/TI) was observed in OLA1-knockdown oocytes, suggesting that loss of OLA1 resulted in the premature segregation of homologous chromosomes. In addition, the chromosome spread analysis suggested that OLA1 knockdown induced premature anaphase onset was due to the precocious inactivation of SAC. Taken together, we concluded that OLA1 plays important role in GVBD, spindle assembly and SAC activation maintenance in oocyte meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xie
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, WuHan, HuBei, China.,Reproductive Medical Center, Central Theater General Hospital of PLA, WuHan, HuBei, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Central Theater General Hospital of PLA, WuHan, HuBei, China
| | - JinLi Ding
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, WuHan, HuBei, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, WuHan, HuBei, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, WuHan, HuBei, China
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26
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Bouftas N, Wassmann K. Cycling through mammalian meiosis: B-type cyclins in oocytes. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1537-1548. [PMID: 31208271 PMCID: PMC6619999 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1632139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
B-type cyclins in association with Cdk1 mediate key steps of mitosis and meiosis, by phosphorylating a plethora of substrates. Progression through the meiotic cell cycle requires the execution of two cell divisions named meiosis I and II without intervening S-phase, to obtain haploid gametes. These two divisions are highly asymmetric in the large oocyte. Chromosome segregation in meiosis I and sister chromatid segregation in meiosis II requires the sharp, switch-like inactivation of Cdk1 activity, which is brought about by degradation of B-type cyclins and counteracting phosphatases. Importantly and contrary to mitosis, inactivation of Cdk1 must not allow S-phase to take place at exit from meiosis I. Here, we describe recent studies on the regulation of translation and degradation of B-type cyclins in mouse oocytes, and how far their roles are redundant or specific, with a special focus on the recently discovered oocyte-specific role of cyclin B3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Bouftas
- Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Katja Wassmann
- Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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27
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Pellestor F, Gatinois V. Chromoanasynthesis: another way for the formation of complex chromosomal abnormalities in human reproduction. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:1381-1387. [PMID: 30325427 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromoanasynthesis has been described as a novel cause of massive constitutional chromosomal rearrangements. Based on DNA replication machinery defects, chromoanasynthesis is characterized by the presence of chromosomal duplications and triplications locally clustered on one single chromosome, or a few chromosomes, associated with various other types of structural rearrangements. Two distinct mechanisms have been described for the formation of these chaotic genomic disorders, i.e. the fork stalling and template switching and the microhomology-mediated break-induced replication. Micronucleus-based processes have been evidenced as a causative mechanism, thus, highlighting the close connection between segregation errors and structural rearrangements. Accumulating data indicate that chromoanasynthesis is operating in human germline cells and during early embryonic development. The development of new tools for quantifying chromoanasynthesis events should provide further insight into the impact of this catastrophic cellular phenomenon in human reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Pellestor
- Unit of Chromosomal Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Gatinois
- Unit of Chromosomal Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier CHU, Montpellier, France
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28
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Karasu ME, Bouftas N, Keeney S, Wassmann K. Cyclin B3 promotes anaphase I onset in oocyte meiosis. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1265-1281. [PMID: 30723090 PMCID: PMC6446836 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201808091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclins control the switch-like cell cycle transitions that orchestrate orderly duplication and segregation of genomes. Karasu et al. delineate an essential function for mouse cyclin B3 for anaphase onset in the first meiotic division of oocytes. Meiosis poses unique challenges because two rounds of chromosome segregation must be executed without intervening DNA replication. Mammalian cells express numerous temporally regulated cyclins, but how these proteins collaborate to control meiosis remains poorly understood. Here, we show that female mice genetically ablated for cyclin B3 are viable—indicating that the protein is dispensable for mitotic divisions—but are sterile. Mutant oocytes appear normal until metaphase I but then display a highly penetrant failure to transition to anaphase I. They arrest with hallmarks of defective anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activation, including no separase activity, high CDK1 activity, and high cyclin B1 and securin levels. Partial APC/C activation occurs, however, as exogenously expressed APC/C substrates can be degraded. Cyclin B3 forms active kinase complexes with CDK1, and meiotic progression requires cyclin B3–associated kinase activity. Cyclin B3 homologues from frog, zebrafish, and fruit fly rescue meiotic progression in cyclin B3–deficient mouse oocytes, indicating conservation of the biochemical properties and possibly cellular functions of this germline-critical cyclin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet E Karasu
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Nora Bouftas
- Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Developmental Biology Lab, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7622, Paris, France
| | - Scott Keeney
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY .,Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Katja Wassmann
- Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France .,Developmental Biology Lab, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7622, Paris, France
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29
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Pellestor F, Gatinois V. Chromothripsis, a credible chromosomal mechanism in evolutionary process. Chromosoma 2018; 128:1-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00412-018-0679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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30
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Manil-Ségalen M, Łuksza M, Kanaan J, Marthiens V, Lane SIR, Jones KT, Terret ME, Basto R, Verlhac MH. Chromosome structural anomalies due to aberrant spindle forces exerted at gene editing sites in meiosis. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:3416-3430. [PMID: 30082296 PMCID: PMC6168266 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201806072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Acentrosomal spindle assembly in mouse oocytes depends on chromosomes and acentriolar microtubule-organizing centers (aMTOCs). Manil-Ségalen et al. observe that Plk4-induced perturbation of aMTOCs coupled to Cre-mediated gene editing generates fragile chromosomes that break when subjected to forces exerted by altered meiosis I spindles. Mouse female meiotic spindles assemble from acentriolar microtubule-organizing centers (aMTOCs) that fragment into discrete foci. These are further sorted and clustered to form spindle poles, thus providing balanced forces for faithful chromosome segregation. To assess the impact of aMTOC biogenesis on spindle assembly, we genetically induced their precocious fragmentation in mouse oocytes using conditional overexpression of Plk4, a master microtubule-organizing center regulator. Excessive microtubule nucleation from these fragmented aMTOCs accelerated spindle assembly dynamics. Prematurely formed spindles promoted the breakage of three different fragilized bivalents, generated by the presence of recombined Lox P sites. Reducing the density of microtubules significantly diminished the extent of chromosome breakage. Thus, improper spindle forces can lead to widely described yet unexplained chromosomal structural anomalies with disruptive consequences on the ability of the gamete to transmit an uncorrupted genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Manil-Ségalen
- Collège de France, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, UMR CNRS 7241/INSERM-U1050, Paris, France
| | - Małgorzata Łuksza
- Collège de France, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, UMR CNRS 7241/INSERM-U1050, Paris, France
| | - Joanne Kanaan
- Collège de France, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, UMR CNRS 7241/INSERM-U1050, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Marthiens
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Simon I R Lane
- Biological Science, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Keith T Jones
- Biological Science, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Marie-Emilie Terret
- Collège de France, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, UMR CNRS 7241/INSERM-U1050, Paris, France
| | - Renata Basto
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Verlhac
- Collège de France, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, UMR CNRS 7241/INSERM-U1050, Paris, France
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31
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Regulation of the meiotic divisions of mammalian oocytes and eggs. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:797-806. [PMID: 29934303 PMCID: PMC6103459 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Initiated by luteinizing hormone and finalized by the fertilizing sperm, the mammalian oocyte completes its two meiotic divisions. The first division occurs in the mature Graafian follicle during the hours preceding ovulation and culminates in an extreme asymmetric cell division and the segregation of the two pairs of homologous chromosomes. The newly created mature egg rearrests at metaphase of the second meiotic division prior to ovulation and only completes meiosis following a Ca2+ signal initiated by the sperm at gamete fusion. Here, we review the cellular events that govern the passage of the oocyte through meiosis I with a focus on the role of the spindle assembly checkpoint in regulating its timing. In meiosis II, we examine how the egg achieves its arrest and how the fertilization Ca2+ signal allows the initiation of embryo development.
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32
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Conti M, Franciosi F. Acquisition of oocyte competence to develop as an embryo: integrated nuclear and cytoplasmic events. Hum Reprod Update 2018; 24:245-266. [PMID: 29432538 PMCID: PMC5907346 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmx040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility affects ~7% of couples of reproductive age with little change in incidence in the last two decades. ART, as well as other interventions, have made major strides in correcting this condition. However, and in spite of advancements in the field, the age of the female partner remains a main factor for a successful outcome. A better understanding of the final stages of gamete maturation yielding an egg that can sustain embryo development and a pregnancy to term remains a major area for improvement in the field. This review will summarize the major cellular and molecular events unfolding at the oocyte-to-embryo transition. We will provide an update on the most important processes/pathways currently understood as the basis of developmental competence, including the molecular processes involved in mRNA storage, its recruitment to the translational machinery, and its degradation. We will discuss the hypothesis that the translational programme of maternal mRNAs plays a key role in establishing developmental competence. These regulations are essential to assemble the machinery that is used to establish a totipotent zygote. This hypothesis further supports the view that embryogenesis begins during oogenesis. A better understanding of the events required for developmental competence will guide the development of novel strategies to monitor and improve the success rate of IVF. Using this information, it will be possible to develop new biomarkers that may be used to better predict oocyte quality and in selection of the best egg for IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Conti
- Department of OBGYN-RS, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0556, USA
| | - Federica Franciosi
- Department of OBGYN-RS, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0556, USA
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33
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Bennabi I, Quéguiner I, Kolano A, Boudier T, Mailly P, Verlhac MH, Terret ME. Shifting meiotic to mitotic spindle assembly in oocytes disrupts chromosome alignment. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:368-381. [PMID: 29330318 PMCID: PMC5797964 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic spindles assemble from two centrosomes, which are major microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) that contain centrioles. Meiotic spindles in oocytes, however, lack centrioles. In mouse oocytes, spindle microtubules are nucleated from multiple acentriolar MTOCs that are sorted and clustered prior to completion of spindle assembly in an "inside-out" mechanism, ending with establishment of the poles. We used HSET (kinesin-14) as a tool to shift meiotic spindle assembly toward a mitotic "outside-in" mode and analyzed the consequences on the fidelity of the division. We show that HSET levels must be tightly gated in meiosis I and that even slight overexpression of HSET forces spindle morphogenesis to become more mitotic-like: rapid spindle bipolarization and pole assembly coupled with focused poles. The unusual length of meiosis I is not sufficient to correct these early spindle morphogenesis defects, resulting in severe chromosome alignment abnormalities. Thus, the unique "inside-out" mechanism of meiotic spindle assembly is essential to prevent chromosomal misalignment and production of aneuploidy gametes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isma Bennabi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB) College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Equipe labellisée FRM, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Quéguiner
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB) College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Equipe labellisée FRM, Paris, France
| | - Agnieszka Kolano
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Thomas Boudier
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Mailly
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB) College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Equipe labellisée FRM, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Verlhac
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB) College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Equipe labellisée FRM, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Emilie Terret
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB) College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Equipe labellisée FRM, Paris, France
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34
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Tension-Induced Error Correction and Not Kinetochore Attachment Status Activates the SAC in an Aurora-B/C-Dependent Manner in Oocytes. Curr Biol 2017; 28:130-139.e3. [PMID: 29276128 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell division with partitioning of the genetic material should take place only when paired chromosomes named bivalents (meiosis I) or sister chromatids (mitosis and meiosis II) are correctly attached to the bipolar spindle in a tension-generating manner. For this to happen, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) checks whether unattached kinetochores are present, in which case anaphase onset is delayed to permit further establishment of attachments. Additionally, microtubules are stabilized when they are attached and under tension. In mitosis, attachments not under tension activate the so-named error correction pathway depending on Aurora B kinase substrate phosphorylation. This leads to microtubule detachments, which in turn activates the SAC [1-3]. Meiotic divisions in mammalian oocytes are highly error prone, with severe consequences for fertility and health of the offspring [4, 5]. Correct attachment of chromosomes in meiosis I leads to the generation of stretched bivalents, but-unlike mitosis-not to tension between sister kinetochores, which co-orient. Here, we set out to address whether reduction of tension applied by the spindle on bioriented bivalents activates error correction and, as a consequence, the SAC. Treatment of oocytes in late prometaphase I with Eg5 kinesin inhibitor affects spindle tension, but not attachments, as we show here using an optimized protocol for confocal imaging. After Eg5 inhibition, bivalents are correctly aligned but less stretched, and as a result, Aurora-B/C-dependent error correction with microtubule detachment takes place. This loss of attachments leads to SAC activation. Crucially, SAC activation itself does not require Aurora B/C kinase activity in oocytes.
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35
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Marston AL, Wassmann K. Multiple Duties for Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Kinases in Meiosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:109. [PMID: 29322045 PMCID: PMC5733479 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division in mitosis and meiosis is governed by evolutionary highly conserved protein kinases and phosphatases, controlling the timely execution of key events such as nuclear envelope breakdown, spindle assembly, chromosome attachment to the spindle and chromosome segregation, and cell cycle exit. In mitosis, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) controls the proper attachment to and alignment of chromosomes on the spindle. The SAC detects errors and induces a cell cycle arrest in metaphase, preventing chromatid separation. Once all chromosomes are properly attached, the SAC-dependent arrest is relieved and chromatids separate evenly into daughter cells. The signaling cascade leading to checkpoint arrest depends on several protein kinases that are conserved from yeast to man. In meiosis, haploid cells containing new genetic combinations are generated from a diploid cell through two specialized cell divisions. Though apparently less robust, SAC control also exists in meiosis. Recently, it has emerged that SAC kinases have additional roles in executing accurate chromosome segregation during the meiotic divisions. Here, we summarize the main differences between mitotic and meiotic cell divisions, and explain why meiotic divisions pose special challenges for correct chromosome segregation. The less-known meiotic roles of the SAC kinases are described, with a focus on two model systems: yeast and mouse oocytes. The meiotic roles of the canonical checkpoint kinases Bub1, Mps1, the pseudokinase BubR1 (Mad3), and Aurora B and C (Ipl1) will be discussed. Insights into the molecular signaling pathways that bring about the special chromosome segregation pattern during meiosis will help us understand why human oocytes are so frequently aneuploid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele L Marston
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katja Wassmann
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, UMR7622, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Paris, France
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The Phosphatase Dusp7 Drives Meiotic Resumption and Chromosome Alignment in Mouse Oocytes. Cell Rep 2017; 17:1426-1437. [PMID: 27783954 PMCID: PMC5215830 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes are stored in the ovary, where they are arrested in prophase for prolonged periods. The mechanisms that abrogate the prophase arrest in mammalian oocytes and reinitiate meiosis are not well understood. Here, we identify and characterize an essential pathway for the resumption of meiosis that relies on the protein phosphatase DUSP7. DUSP7-depleted oocytes either fail to resume meiosis or resume meiosis with a significant delay. In the absence of DUSP7, Cdk1/CycB activity drops below the critical level required to reinitiate meiosis, precluding or delaying nuclear envelope breakdown. Our data suggest that DUSP7 drives meiotic resumption by dephosphorylating and thereby inactivating cPKC isoforms. In addition to controlling meiotic resumption, DUSP7 has a second function in chromosome segregation: DUSP7-depleted oocytes that enter meiosis show severe chromosome alignment defects and progress into anaphase prematurely. Altogether, these findings establish the phosphatase DUSP7 as an essential regulator of multiple steps in oocyte meiosis.
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Camlin NJ, McLaughlin EA, Holt JE. Motoring through: the role of kinesin superfamily proteins in female meiosis. Hum Reprod Update 2017; 23:409-420. [PMID: 28431155 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmx010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kinesin motor protein family consists of 14 distinct subclasses and 45 kinesin proteins in humans. A large number of these proteins, or their orthologues, have been shown to possess essential function(s) in both the mitotic and the meiotic cell cycle. Kinesins have important roles in chromosome separation, microtubule dynamics, spindle formation, cytokinesis and cell cycle progression. This article contains a review of the literature with respect to the role of kinesin motor proteins in female meiosis in model species. Throughout, we discuss the function of each class of kinesin proteins during oocyte meiosis, and where such data are not available their role in mitosis is considered. Finally, the review highlights the potential clinical importance of this family of proteins for human oocyte quality. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE To examine the role of kinesin motor proteins in oocyte meiosis. SEARCH METHODS A search was performed on the Pubmed database for journal articles published between January 1970 and February 2017. Search terms included 'oocyte kinesin' and 'meiosis kinesin' in addition to individual kinesin names with the terms oocyte or meiosis. OUTCOMES Within human cells 45 kinesin motor proteins have been discovered, with the role of only 13 of these proteins, or their orthologues, investigated in female meiosis. Furthermore, of these kinesins only half have been examined in mammalian oocytes, despite alterations occurring in gene transcripts or protein expression with maternal ageing, cryopreservation or behavioral conditions, such as binge drinking, for many of them. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Kinesin motor proteins have distinct and important roles throughout oocyte meiosis in many non-mammalian model species. However, the functions these proteins have in mammalian meiosis, particularly in humans, are less clear owing to lack of research. This review brings to light the need for more experimental investigation of kinesin motor proteins, particularly those associated with maternal ageing, cryopreservation or exposure to environmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Camlin
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Eileen A McLaughlin
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Janet E Holt
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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38
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Lane SIR, Jones KT. Chromosome biorientation and APC activity remain uncoupled in oocytes with reduced volume. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:3949-3957. [PMID: 28978643 PMCID: PMC5716262 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201606134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lane and Jones use serial bisection of mouse oocytes to analyze the influence of cytoplasmic volume on spindle assembly checkpoint function. Volume reduction promotes inhibition of APC but cannot prevent chromosome segregation errors at anaphase. The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) prevents chromosome missegregation by coupling anaphase onset with correct chromosome attachment and tension to microtubules. It does this by generating a diffusible signal from free kinetochores into the cytoplasm, inhibiting the anaphase-promoting complex (APC). The volume in which this signal remains effective is unknown. This raises the possibility that cell volume may be the reason the SAC is weak, and chromosome segregation error-prone, in mammalian oocytes. Here, by a process of serial bisection, we analyzed the influence of oocyte volume on the ability of the SAC to inhibit bivalent segregation in meiosis I. We were able to generate oocytes with cytoplasmic volumes reduced by 86% and observed changes in APC activity consistent with increased SAC control. However, bivalent biorientation remained uncoupled from APC activity, leading to error-prone chromosome segregation. We conclude that volume is one factor contributing to SAC weakness in oocytes. However, additional factors likely uncouple chromosome biorientation with APC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon I R Lane
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK .,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Keith T Jones
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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39
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El Yakoubi W, Buffin E, Cladière D, Gryaznova Y, Berenguer I, Touati SA, Gómez R, Suja JA, van Deursen JM, Wassmann K. Mps1 kinase-dependent Sgo2 centromere localisation mediates cohesin protection in mouse oocyte meiosis I. Nat Commun 2017; 8:694. [PMID: 28947820 PMCID: PMC5612927 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A key feature of meiosis is the step-wise removal of cohesin, the protein complex holding sister chromatids together, first from arms in meiosis I and then from the centromere region in meiosis II. Centromeric cohesin is protected by Sgo2 from Separase-mediated cleavage, in order to maintain sister chromatids together until their separation in meiosis II. Failures in step-wise cohesin removal result in aneuploid gametes, preventing the generation of healthy embryos. Here, we report that kinase activities of Bub1 and Mps1 are required for Sgo2 localisation to the centromere region. Mps1 inhibitor-treated oocytes are defective in centromeric cohesin protection, whereas oocytes devoid of Bub1 kinase activity, which cannot phosphorylate H2A at T121, are not perturbed in cohesin protection as long as Mps1 is functional. Mps1 and Bub1 kinase activities localise Sgo2 in meiosis I preferentially to the centromere and pericentromere respectively, indicating that Sgo2 at the centromere is required for protection.In meiosis I centromeric cohesin is protected by Sgo2 from Separase-mediated cleavage ensuring that sister chromatids are kept together until their separation in meiosis II. Here the authors demonstrate that Bub1 and Mps1 kinase activities are required for Sgo2 localisation to the centromere region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warif El Yakoubi
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, Paris, 75005, France
- CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Eulalie Buffin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, Paris, 75005, France
- CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Damien Cladière
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, Paris, 75005, France
- CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Yulia Gryaznova
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, Paris, 75005, France
- CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Inés Berenguer
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, Paris, 75005, France
- CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Paris, 75005, France
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra A Touati
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, Paris, 75005, France
- CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Paris, 75005, France
- Chromosome Segregation Laboratory, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Rocío Gómez
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Suja
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Katja Wassmann
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, Paris, 75005, France.
- CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Paris, 75005, France.
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40
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Lane SIR, Morgan SL, Wu T, Collins JK, Merriman JA, ElInati E, Turner JM, Jones KT. DNA damage induces a kinetochore-based ATM/ATR-independent SAC arrest unique to the first meiotic division in mouse oocytes. Development 2017; 144:3475-3486. [PMID: 28851706 PMCID: PMC5665484 DOI: 10.1242/dev.153965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mouse oocytes carrying DNA damage arrest in meiosis I, thereby preventing creation of embryos with deleterious mutations. The arrest is dependent on activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint, which results in anaphase-promoting complex (APC) inhibition. However, little is understood about how this checkpoint is engaged following DNA damage. Here, we find that within minutes of DNA damage checkpoint proteins are assembled at the kinetochore, not at damage sites along chromosome arms, such that the APC is fully inhibited within 30 min. Despite this robust response, there is no measurable loss in k-fibres, or tension across the bivalent. Through pharmacological inhibition we observed that the response is dependent on Mps1 kinase, aurora kinase and Haspin. Using oocyte-specific knockouts we find the response does not require the DNA damage response kinases ATM or ATR. Furthermore, checkpoint activation does not occur in response to DNA damage in fully mature eggs during meiosis II, despite the divisions being separated by just a few hours. Therefore, mouse oocytes have a unique ability to sense DNA damage rapidly by activating the checkpoint at their kinetochores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon I R Lane
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Stephanie L Morgan
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Tianyu Wu
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Josie K Collins
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Julie A Merriman
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Elias ElInati
- Sex Chromosome Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - James M Turner
- Sex Chromosome Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Keith T Jones
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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41
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Torday JS, Miller WB. The resolution of ambiguity as the basis for life: A cellular bridge between Western reductionism and Eastern holism. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 131:288-297. [PMID: 28743585 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Boundary conditions enable cellular life through negentropy, chemiosmosis, and homeostasis as identifiable First Principles of Physiology. Self-referential awareness of status arises from this organized state to sustain homeostatic imperatives. Preferred homeostatic status is dependent upon the appraisal of information and its communication. However, among living entities, sources of information and their dissemination are always imprecise. Consequently, living systems exist within an innate state of ambiguity. It is presented that cellular life and evolutionary development are a self-organizing cellular response to uncertainty in iterative conformity with its basal initiating parameters. Viewing the life circumstance in this manner permits a reasoned unification between Western rational reductionism and Eastern holism.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Torday
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
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42
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Biase FH. Oocyte Developmental Competence: Insights from Cross-Species Differential Gene Expression and Human Oocyte-Specific Functional Gene Networks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 21:156-168. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2016.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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43
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El Yakoubi W, Wassmann K. Meiotic Divisions: No Place for Gender Equality. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1002:1-17. [PMID: 28600780 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57127-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms the fusion of two gametes with a haploid set of chromosomes leads to the formation of the zygote, the first cell of the embryo. Accurate execution of the meiotic cell division to generate a female and a male gamete is required for the generation of healthy offspring harboring the correct number of chromosomes. Unfortunately, meiosis is error prone. This has severe consequences for fertility and under certain circumstances, health of the offspring. In humans, female meiosis is extremely error prone. In this chapter we will compare male and female meiosis in humans to illustrate why and at which frequency errors occur, and describe how this affects pregnancy outcome and health of the individual. We will first introduce key notions of cell division in meiosis and how they differ from mitosis, followed by a detailed description of the events that are prone to errors during the meiotic divisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warif El Yakoubi
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, Paris, 75252, France.,CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Paris, 75252, France
| | - Katja Wassmann
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, Paris, 75252, France. .,CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Paris, 75252, France.
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44
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Webster A, Schuh M. Mechanisms of Aneuploidy in Human Eggs. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 27:55-68. [PMID: 27773484 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Eggs and sperm develop through a specialized cell division called meiosis. During meiosis, the number of chromosomes is reduced by two sequential divisions in preparation for fertilization. In human female meiosis, chromosomes frequently segregate incorrectly, resulting in eggs with an abnormal number of chromosomes. When fertilized, these eggs give rise to aneuploid embryos that usually fail to develop. As women become older, errors in meiosis occur more frequently, resulting in increased risks of infertility, miscarriage, and congenital syndromes, such as Down's syndrome. Here, we review recent studies that identify the mechanisms causing aneuploidy in female meiosis, with a particular emphasis on studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Webster
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Melina Schuh
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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45
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Special issue on "recent advances in meiotic chromosome structure, recombination and segregation". Chromosoma 2016; 125:173-5. [PMID: 27022980 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-016-0586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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46
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Hou X, Zhang J, Li L, Ma R, Ge J, Han L, Wang Q. Rab6a is a novel regulator of meiotic apparatus and maturational progression in mouse oocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22209. [PMID: 26915694 PMCID: PMC4768169 DOI: 10.1038/srep22209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab family GTPases have been well known to regulate intracellular vesicle transport, however their function in mammalian oocytes has not been addressed. In this study, we report that when Rab6a is specifically knockdown, mouse oocytes are unable to progress normally through meiosis, arresting at metaphase I. Moreover, in these oocytes, the defects of chromosome alignment and spindle organization are readily observed during maturation, and resultantly increasing the aneuploidy incidence. We further reveal that kinetochore-microtubule attachments are severely compromised in Rab6a-depleted oocytes, which may in part mediate the meiotic phenotypes described above. In addition, when Rab6a function is altered, BubR1 levels on the kinetochores are markedly increased in metaphase oocytes, indicating the activation of spindle assembly checkpoint. In sum, we identify Rab6a as an important player in modulating oocyte meiosis, specifically the chromosome/spindle organization and metaphase-anaphase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rujun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Longsen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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