1
|
Quispe R, Sweeney T, Martin SS, Jones SR, Allison MA, Budoff MJ, Ndumele CE, Elshazly MB, Michos ED. Associations of Adipokine Levels With Levels of Remnant Cholesterol: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2024:e030548. [PMID: 39248264 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic syndrome phenotype of individuals with obesity is characterized by elevated levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and remnant particles, which have been shown to be significantly atherogenic. Understanding the association between adipokines, endogenous hormones produced by adipose tissue, and remnant cholesterol (RC) would give insight into the link between obesity and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 1791 MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) participants who took part in an ancillary study on body composition with adipokine levels measured (leptin, adiponectin, and resistin) at either visit 2 or visit 3. RC was calculated as non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol minus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, measured at the same visit as the adipokines, as well as subsequent visits 4 through 6. Multivariable-adjusted linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between adipokines and log-transformed levels of RC. Mean±SD age was 64.5±9.6 years; mean±SD body mass index was 29.9±5.0 kg/m2; and 52.0% were women. In fully adjusted cross-sectional models that included body mass index, diabetes, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipid-lowering therapy, for each 1-unit increment in adiponectin, there was 14.6% (95% CI, 12.2-16.9) lower RC. With each 1-unit increment in leptin and resistin, there was 4.8% (95% CI, 2.7-7.0) and 4.0% (95% CI, 0.2-8.1) higher RC, respectively. Lower adiponectin and higher leptin were also associated with longitudinal increases in RC levels over median follow-up of 5 (interquartile range, 4-8) years. CONCLUSIONS Lower adiponectin and higher leptin levels were independently associated with higher levels of RC at baseline and longitudinal RC increase, even after accounting for body mass index and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Quispe
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| | - Ty Sweeney
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| | - Seth S Martin
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| | - Steven R Jones
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| | - Matthew A Allison
- Department of Family Medicine University of California San Diego San Diego CA
| | | | - Chiadi E Ndumele
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| | - Mohamed B Elshazly
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH
| | - Erin D Michos
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Uryash A, Umlas J, Mijares A, Adams JA, Lopez JR. Enhancing Muscle Intracellular Ca 2+ Homeostasis and Glucose Uptake: Passive Pulsatile Shear Stress Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2596. [PMID: 37892970 PMCID: PMC10604129 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a significant global public health problem that has seen a substantial increase in the number of affected individuals in recent decades. In a murine model of T2D (db/db), we found several abnormalities, including aberrant intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), decreased glucose transport, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), elevated levels of pro-inflammatory interleukins and creatine phosphokinase (CK), and muscle weakness. Previously, we demonstrated that passive pulsatile shear stress, generated by sinusoidal (headward-forward) motion, using a motion platform that provides periodic acceleration of the whole body in the Z plane (pGz), induces the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) mediated by constitutive nitric oxide synthase (eNOS and nNOS). We investigated the effect of pGz on db/db a rodent model of T2D. The treatment of db/db mice with pGz resulted in several beneficial effects. It reduced [Ca2+]i overload; enhanced muscle glucose transport; and decreased ROS levels, interleukins, and CK. Furthermore, pGz treatment increased the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), phosphorylated eNOS (p-eNOS), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS); reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); and improved muscle strength. The cytoprotective effects of pGz appear to be mediated by NO, since pretreatment with L-NAME, a nonspecific NOS inhibitor, abolished the effects of pGz on [Ca2+]i and ROS production. Our findings suggest that a non-pharmacological strategy such as pGz has therapeutic potential as an adjunct treatment to T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arkady Uryash
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL 33140, USA; (A.U.); (J.A.A.)
| | - Jordan Umlas
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL 33140, USA; (A.U.); (J.A.A.)
| | - Alfredo Mijares
- Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas 21827, Venezuela;
| | - Jose A. Adams
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL 33140, USA; (A.U.); (J.A.A.)
| | - Jose R. Lopez
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lim JY, Kim E. The Role of Organokines in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes and Their Functions as Molecular Transducers of Nutrition and Exercise. Metabolites 2023; 13:979. [PMID: 37755259 PMCID: PMC10537761 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13090979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining systemic homeostasis requires the coordination of different organs and tissues in the body. Our bodies rely on complex inter-organ communications to adapt to perturbations or changes in metabolic homeostasis. Consequently, the liver, muscle, and adipose tissues produce and secrete specific organokines such as hepatokines, myokines, and adipokines in response to nutritional and environmental stimuli. Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of the interplay of organokines between organs is associated with the pathophysiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Strategies aimed at remodeling organokines may be effective therapeutic interventions. Diet modification and exercise have been established as the first-line therapeutic intervention to prevent or treat metabolic diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on organokines secreted by the liver, muscle, and adipose tissues in obesity and T2D. Additionally, we highlighted the effects of diet/nutrition and exercise on the remodeling of organokines in obesity and T2D. Specifically, we investigated the ameliorative effects of caloric restriction, selective nutrients including ω3 PUFAs, selenium, vitamins, and metabolites of vitamins, and acute/chronic exercise on the dysregulation of organokines in obesity and T2D. Finally, this study dissected the underlying molecular mechanisms by which nutrition and exercise regulate the expression and secretion of organokines in specific tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ye Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eunju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen YK, Liu TT, Teia FKF, Xie MZ. Exploring the underlying mechanisms of obesity and diabetes and the potential of Traditional Chinese Medicine: an overview of the literature. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1218880. [PMID: 37600709 PMCID: PMC10433171 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1218880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are closely related metabolic disorders that have become major public health concerns worldwide. Over the past few decades, numerous studies have explored the underlying mechanisms of these disorders and identified various risk factors, including genetics, lifestyle, and dietary habits. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been increasingly recognized for its potential to manage obesity and diabetes. Weight loss is difficult to sustain, and several diabetic therapies, such as sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, and insulin, might make it harder to lose weight. While lifestyle changes should be the primary approach for people interested in lowering weight, drugs are also worth investigating. Since some of the newer glucose-lowering medications that cause weight loss, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), are additionally utilized or are under consideration for use as anti-obesity drugs, the frontier between glucose-lowering medication and weight loss drugs appears to be shifting. This review provides an overview of the literature on the underlying mechanisms of obesity and diabetes and the prospect of TCM in their management. We discuss the various TCM interventions, including acupuncture, herbal medicine, and dietary therapy, and their effects on metabolic health. We also highlight the potential of TCM in regulating gut microbiota, reducing inflammation, and improving insulin sensitivity. The findings suggest that TCM may provide a promising approach to preventing and managing obesity and diabetes. However, further well-designed studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of TCM interventions and to elucidate their underlying mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-kun Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Medicinal and Functional Food, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation and Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ting-ting Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Medicinal and Functional Food, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation and Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Farah Khameis Farag Teia
- Department of Agro-technology, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Centre for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Meng-zhou Xie
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Medicinal and Functional Food, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation and Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumar P, Mathew S, Gamage R, Bodkin F, Doyle K, Rossetti I, Wagnon I, Zhou X, Raju R, Gyengesi E, Münch G. From the Bush to the Brain: Preclinical Stages of Ethnobotanical Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Drug Discovery-An Australian Example. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11086. [PMID: 37446262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Australian rainforest is a rich source of medicinal plants that have evolved in the face of dramatic environmental challenges over a million years due to its prolonged geographical isolation from other continents. The rainforest consists of an inherent richness of plant secondary metabolites that are the most intense in the rainforest. The search for more potent and more bioavailable compounds from other plant sources is ongoing, and our short review will outline the pathways from the discovery of bioactive plants to the structural identification of active compounds, testing for potency, and then neuroprotection in a triculture system, and finally, the validation in an appropriate neuro-inflammatory mouse model, using some examples from our current research. We will focus on neuroinflammation as a potential treatment target for neurodegenerative diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) for these plant-derived, anti-inflammatory molecules and highlight cytokine suppressive anti-inflammatory drugs (CSAIDs) as a better alternative to conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat neuroinflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Payaal Kumar
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Shintu Mathew
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Rashmi Gamage
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Frances Bodkin
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Kerrie Doyle
- Indigenous Health Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Ilaria Rossetti
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Ingrid Wagnon
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ritesh Raju
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Erika Gyengesi
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Gerald Münch
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Quispe R, Sweeney T, Martin SS, Jones SR, Allison MA, Budoff MJ, Ndumele CE, Elshazly MB, Michos ED. Associations of Adipokine Levels with Levels of Remnant Cholesterol: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.04.24.23289072. [PMID: 37162928 PMCID: PMC10168480 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.24.23289072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Background The metabolic syndrome phenotype of individuals with obesity is characterized by elevated levels of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins and remnant particles, which have been shown to be significantly atherogenic. Understanding the association between adipokines, endogenous hormones produced by adipose tissue, and remnant cholesterol (RC) would give insight into the link between obesity and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Methods We studied 1,791 MESA participants of an ancillary study on body composition who had adipokine levels measured (leptin, adiponectin, resistin) at either visit 2 or 3. RC was calculated as non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol minus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), measured at the same visit as the adipokines, as well as subsequent visits 4 through 6. Multivariable-adjusted linear mixed effects models were used to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between adipokines and levels of RC. Results Mean (SD) age was 64.5±9.6 years and for body mass index (BMI) was 29.9±5.0 kg/m2; 52.0% were women. In fully adjusted models that included BMI, LDL-C and lipid-lowering therapy, for each 1-unit increment in adiponectin, there was 14.4% (12.0, 16.8) lower RC. With each 1-unit increment in leptin and resistin, there was 4.5% (2.3, 6.6) and 5.1% (1.2, 9.2) higher RC, respectively. Lower adiponectin and higher leptin were also associated with longitudinal increases in RC levels over median follow-up of 5(4-8) years. Conclusions Lower adiponectin and higher leptin levels were independently associated with higher levels of RC at baseline and longitudinal RC increase, even after accounting for BMI and LDL-C. CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE What is new?: - Among individuals without history of cardiovascular disease, adiponectin is inversely associated with cross-sectional levels of remnant cholesterol, whereas leptin and resistin are directly associated.- Adiponectin had an inverse association with progression of remnant cholesterol levels over time.What are the clinical implications?: - Adiponectin levels were not associated with LDL-C levels but with levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, particularly remnant cholesterol.-Incrementing adiponectin via lifestyle modification and/or pharmacological therapies (i.e. GLP-1 agonists) could be a mechanism to reduce remnant cholesterol levels and ultimately cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
|
7
|
Bigford GE, Garshick E. Systemic inflammation after spinal cord injury: A review of biological evidence, related health risks, and potential therapies. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 67:102303. [PMID: 36206621 PMCID: PMC9929918 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with chronic traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) develop progressive multi-system health problems that result in clinical illness and disability. Systemic inflammation is associated with many of the common medical complications and acquired diseases that accompany chronic SCI, suggesting that it contributes to a number of comorbid pathological conditions. However, many of the mechanisms that promote persistent systemic inflammation and its consequences remain ill-defined. This review describes the significant biological factors that contribute to systemic inflammation, major organ systems affected, health risks, and the potential treatment strategies. We aim to highlight the need for a better understanding of inflammatory processes, and to establish appropriate strategies to address inflammation in SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory E Bigford
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Eric Garshick
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine Section, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Phytochemicals from Ruellia tuberosa. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4644641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In Vietnam, the aerial parts of Ruellia tuberosa L. are used to treat stress oxidation and inflammatory symptoms in diabetes mellitus. The present study was designed to determine the antioxidant and inflammatory inhibition activities of Ruellia tuberosa L. extract (RTE) and those of the isolated compounds by column chromatography. The crude ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction exhibited potent antioxidant activity in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) assays with an IC50 of 25.18 and 14.71 (DPPH test) and 18.22 and 15.27 µg/ml (ABTS test), respectively. The RTE contained high concentrations of polyphenols (308.21 mg GAE/g) and moderate concentrations of flavonoids (97.80 mg QE/g). In the anti-inflammatory screening assay, the crude ethanol extract, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions suppressed the release of IL-6 and nitric oxide production, but the production of IL-10 was not enhanced in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Three potential anti-inflammatory compounds as hispidulin (6), physalin E (7), and physalin D (8) along with five other compounds named myricitrin (1), afzelin (2), apigenin (3), taraxerol (4), and lupeol (5) were isolated and identified from the ethyl acetate fraction. Physalin D (8) exhibited a strong, dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the production of IL-6 proinflammatory cytokines; however, the IL-10 expression was independent of its concentration in macrophages at noncytotoxic concentrations ranging from 5 to 40 μg/mL. Based on the data obtained, compounds 6–8 sourced from Ruellia tuberosa L are potentially bioactive compounds for the treatment of inflammation symptoms in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
|
9
|
Giandalia A, Alibrandi A, Giorgianni L, Lo Piano F, Consolo F, Longo Elia G, Asztalos B, Cucinotta D, Squadrito G, Russo GT. Resistin levels and inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers in obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:98. [PMID: 34496965 PMCID: PMC8427860 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-associated coronary heart disease (CHD) risk is higher in women than in men with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Resistin, an adipokine secreted by adispose tissue, may contribute to this higher risk. AIMS To explore the relationships among resistin levels and common inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers and CHD risk in obese post-menopausal T2DM women. METHODS Serum levels of resistin, hsCRP, IL-6, Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM), homocysteine (tHcy), HOMA-IR and metabolic parameters were determined in a group of 132 T2DM women with and without documented CHD and in 55 non-diabetic women. RESULTS Resistin, sVCAM, IL-6 and tHcy levels were comparable in T2DM and controls. CHD women showed higher resistin, sVCAM and tHcy levels than those without CHD, and for resistin this difference remained significant after age-adjustment (P = 0.013); conversely hsCRP were ~ 2X higher in T2DM women than in controls (P = 0.0132) without any difference according to CHD history. At univariate analysis resistin levels were significantly associated with age, waist circumference, hypertension, tHcy, hsPCR, sVCAM, IL-6, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and creatinine levels, but only creatinine, triglycerides, hsCRP, IL-6 and sVCAM were independently associated to resistin levels at stepwise regression analysis. Resistin levels were independently associated to CHD, increasing the risk by 1.15 times (0.986-1.344 95% CI), together with age, tHcy, LDL-C and hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Circulating resistin levels were comparable in obese/overweight T2DM and control women. In T2DM women, resistin levels correlated with markers of renal function, systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction and were independently associated with a higher CHD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Giandalia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - A Alibrandi
- Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Economics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - L Giorgianni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - F Lo Piano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - F Consolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G Longo Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - B Asztalos
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, JM-USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Cucinotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G T Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ellulu MS, Naser IA, Abuhajar SM, Najim AA. Determination of risk factors associated with inflammation in hypertensive patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus in a Palestinian Diabetes Study. Curr Med Res Opin 2021; 37:1451-1459. [PMID: 34125641 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2021.1941826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the risk factors associated with inflammation in hypertensive patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS A total of 164 hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes patients aged 38-60 years were selected from 7 primary healthcare centers in Gaza city, Palestine. Interview questionnaire were employed to collect data related to age, gender, smoking habits, and physical activity pattern. Laboratory biochemical tests included fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), interleukin 6 (IL-6), high sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP), and adiponectin were estimated in all patients. RESULTS The study involved 118 (72%) women and 46 (28%) men; the mean of age was 53.7 ± 0.46 years. A tertile of inflammation feature with hs-CRP was developed. The highest tertile of hs-CRP was significantly associated with women, higher obesity indices, metabolic dysregulation involving lipid profile markers, FBG and blood pressure, IL-6, and lower adiponectin. After adjusting for age, gender, smoking habits, and physical activity; the risk factor of high level of hs-CRP were the increased body mass index [OR: 1.17, p = .018], IL-6 [OR: 2.22, p = .025] and FBG [OR: 1.01, p = .007], as well as reduced adiponectin [OR: 0.81, p = .002]. CONCLUSION The inflammation state was affected by obesity and had been related to altered adipokines levels of IL-6 and adiponectin, as well as affected by the glycemic control, as evidenced by higher serum level of FBG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Ellulu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Azhar University of Gaza (AUG), Gaza City, State of Palestine
| | - Ihab A Naser
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Azhar University of Gaza (AUG), Gaza City, State of Palestine
| | - Sahar M Abuhajar
- Master Program of Clinical Nutrition, Al Azhar University - Gaza (AUG), Gaza City, State of Palestine
| | - Ahmed A Najim
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Azhar University of Gaza (AUG), Gaza City, State of Palestine
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has been proven to be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through numerous pathogenetic mechanisms. Unexpectedly, some studies suggest that subjects with overweight/obesity and T2DM have better clinical outcome than their normal weight peers. This finding is described as "obesity paradox" and calls into question the importance of weight loss in this specific population. OBJECTIVE This article is a narrative overview on the obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly regarding the obesity paradox in T2DM patients. METHODS We used as sources MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library, from inception to March 2020; we chose 30 relevant papers regarding the association of obesity with clinical outcome and mortality of patients affected by T2DM. RESULTS Many studies report that in patients with T2DM, overweight and obesity are associated with a better prognosis than underweight or normal weight, suggesting the presence of an obesity paradox. However, these studies have numerous limitations due to their mainly retrospective nature and to numerous confounding factors, such as associated pathologies, antidiabetic treatments, smoking habit, lack of data about distribution of body fat or weight history. CONCLUSION Literature data regarding the phenomenon of obesity paradox in T2DM patients are controversial due to the several limitations of the studies; therefore in the management of patients with overweight/obesity and T2DM is recommended referring to the established guidelines, which indicate diet and physical activity as the cornerstone of the treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V: narrative review.
Collapse
|
12
|
Simental-Mendía LE, Sánchez-García A, Linden-Torres E, Simental-Mendía M. Impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on adiponectin concentrations: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 87:4140-4149. [PMID: 33835520 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Previous studies have reported an elevation in adiponectin concentrations using glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) therapy; however, this possible pleiotropic effect is still uncertain. Thus, the objective of this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was to assess the impact of GLP-1 RA on adiponectin levels. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of GLP-1 RA on circulating adiponectin concentrations. Studies from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were included. A random-effects model and a sensitivity analysis using the leave 1-out method were conducted. RESULTS A meta-analysis of 20 randomized controlled trials involving 1497 individuals demonstrated a significant increase in adiponectin levels after GLP-1 RA administration (weighted mean difference [WMD]: 0.59 μg/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10, 1.08, P = .02). Particularly, liraglutide had a significant effect on adiponectin (WMD: 0.55 μg/mL, 95% CI: 0.04, 1.06, P = .04), while exenatide did not affect these concentrations (WMD: 0.60 μg/mL, 95% CI: -0.23, 1.42, P = .16). CONCLUSION GLP-1 RA treatment is associated with an increase in adiponectin levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Simental-Mendía
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico
| | - Adriana Sánchez-García
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Endocrinology Division, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", School of Medicine, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Enrique Linden-Torres
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico
| | - Mario Simental-Mendía
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", School of Medicine, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Deciphering Biochemical and Molecular Signatures Associated with Obesity in Context of Metabolic Health. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020290. [PMID: 33669862 PMCID: PMC7923210 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to identify the clinical and genetic markers related to the two uncommon nutritional statuses—metabolically unhealthy normal-weight (MUNW) and metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHOW) individuals in the physically active individuals. Physically active male volunteers (n = 120) were recruited, and plasma samples were analyzed for the clinical parameters. Triglycerides, HDL-Cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and insulin resistance were considered as markers of metabolic syndrome. The subjects were classified as ‘healthy’ (0 metabolic abnormalities) or ‘unhealthy’ (≥1 metabolic abnormalities) in their respective BMI group with a cut-off at 24.9 kg/m2. Analysis of biochemical variables was done using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits with further confirmation using western blot analysis. The microarray was conducted, followed by quantitative real-time PCR to identify and analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The MHOW group constituted 12.6%, while the MUNW group constituted 32.4% of the total study population. Pro-inflammatory markers like interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and ferritin were increased in metabolically unhealthy groups in comparison to metabolically healthy groups. Gene expression profiling of MUNW and MHOW individuals resulted in differential expression of 7470 and 5864 genes, respectively. The gene ontology (GO) biological pathway analysis showed significant enrichment of the ‘JAK/STAT signaling pathway’ in MUNW and ‘The information-processing pathway at the IFN-β enhancer′ pathway in MHOW. The G6PC3 gene has genetically emerged as a new distinct gene showing its involvement in insulin resistance. Biochemical, as well as genetic analysis, revealed that MUNW and MHOW are the transition state between healthy and obese individuals with simply having fewer metabolic abnormalities. Moreover, it is possible that the state of obesity is a biological adaptation to cope up with the unhealthy parameters.
Collapse
|
14
|
Al-Absi B, AL-Habori M, Saif-Ali R. Plasma Lipocalin-2 and Adiponectin are Affected by Obesity Rather Than Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus per se. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:4547-4556. [PMID: 34815681 PMCID: PMC8605802 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s338254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Changes in plasma adipocytokines and inflammatory markers in type 2 DM remain controversial as to whether they are due to obesity or directly associated with the diabetic state. Our objective was to study the effect of obesity and diabetes on plasma lipocalin-2 (LCN2), adiponectin, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by comparing their levels in non-diabetic obese subjects and non-obese type 2 DM patients, as well as determining the association of these adipocytokines with metabolic syndrome factors and diabetic parameters. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, 85 Yemeni male volunteers aged 30-60 years old were enrolled, 25 of whom were healthy subjects with BMI < 25 kg/m2 served as control; 30 non-diabetic obese subjects (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and FBG < 6.1 mmol/l); and 30 non-obese type 2 DM patients (BMI < 25 kg/m2 and FBG > 7 mmol/l). RESULTS Lipocalin-2 and adiponectin were significantly (p = 0.043 and p = 0.034) lower in non-diabetic obese subjects by 16.2% and 29.7% with respect to control group, with no effect in the non-obese type 2 DM patients. Moreover, LCN2 was significantly (p = 0.04) lower in the non-diabetic obese subjects by 15.8% as compared with the non-obese type 2 DM patients, with no significant difference in adiponectin levels. In contrast, serum IL-1β was significantly (p = 0.001 and p = 0.003) higher in both non-diabetic obese subjects and the non-obese type 2 DM patients by 76.5% and 67.7% as compared to control group. The significant decrease in both LCN2 and adiponectin and the significant increase in IL-1β in the non-diabetic obese subjects disappeared upon adjustment for waist circumference (WC). In contrast, the significant increase in IL-1β in the non-obese Type 2 DM patients was not affected upon adjustment for WC. CONCLUSION Plasma LCN2 and adiponectin were not affected by diabetes per se, suggesting that the observed changes in LCN2 and adiponectin in type 2 DM may be due to obesity rather than the diabetic state, whereas IL-1β levels were affected by both obesity and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boshra Al-Absi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana`a, Sana`a, Yemen
| | - Molham AL-Habori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana`a, Sana`a, Yemen
- Correspondence: Molham AL-Habori Email
| | - Riyadh Saif-Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana`a, Sana`a, Yemen
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lasselin J, Benson S, Hebebrand J, Boy K, Weskamp V, Handke A, Hasenberg T, Remy M, Föcker M, Unteroberdörster M, Brinkhoff A, Engler H, Schedlowski M. Immunological and behavioral responses to in vivo lipopolysaccharide administration in young and healthy obese and normal-weight humans. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:283-293. [PMID: 32485294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increase prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms and diseases, such as depression. Based on the facts that pro-inflammatory cytokines are able to modulate behavior, and that obesity is characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, inflammation has been hypothesized to contribute to the neuropsychiatric comorbidity in obese individuals. However, a causal link between inflammation and the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms is hard to establish in humans. Here, we used an inflammatory stimulus, i.e. the intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in a double-blind placebo-controlled design, to determine the vulnerability of obese individuals to inflammation-induced behavioral changes. The hypothesis was that obese individuals would show heightened behavioral response compared to normal-weight subjects for the same inflammatory stimulus, reflecting an increased sensitivity to the behavioral effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines. LPS (dose 0.8 ng/kg body weight, adjusted for estimated blood volume in obese subjects) and placebo (saline) were intravenously injected in 14 obese healthy subjects and 23 normal-weight healthy subjects in a within-subject, randomized, crossover design. LPS administration induced, in both groups, an acute increase in blood concentrations of cytokines (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-10), as well as in body temperature, cortisol, norepinephrine, sickness symptoms, fatigue, negative mood, and state anxiety. There were little differences in the immune and behavioral responses to LPS between obese and normal-weight subjects, but the cortisol response to LPS was strongly attenuated in obese individuals. Higher percentage of body fat was related to a lower cortisol response to LPS. Taken together, the population of young and healthy obese individuals in this study did not exhibit an increased behavioral sensitivity to cytokines, but an attenuated cortisol response to the immune challenge. Future studies will need to determine whether additional physiological and psychological factors interact with the state of obesity to increase the risk for inflammation-induced neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lasselin
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany; Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division for Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sven Benson
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Karoline Boy
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Vera Weskamp
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Analena Handke
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Till Hasenberg
- Helios Adipositas Zentrum West, Helios St. Elisabeth Klinik Oberhausen, Witten/Herdecke University, Josefstr. 3, 46045 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Miriam Remy
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Manuel Föcker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Meike Unteroberdörster
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Brinkhoff
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany; Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Harald Engler
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dooley J, Lagou V, Goveia J, Ulrich A, Rohlenova K, Heirman N, Karakach T, Lampi Y, Khan S, Wang J, Dresselaers T, Himmelreich U, Gunter MJ, Prokopenko I, Carmeliet P, Liston A. Heterogeneous Effects of Calorie Content and Nutritional Components Underlie Dietary Influence on Pancreatic Cancer Susceptibility. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107880. [PMID: 32668252 PMCID: PMC7370178 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a rare but fatal form of cancer, the fourth highest in absolute mortality. Known risk factors include obesity, diet, and type 2 diabetes; however, the low incidence rate and interconnection of these factors confound the isolation of individual effects. Here, we use epidemiological analysis of prospective human cohorts and parallel tracking of pancreatic cancer in mice to dissect the effects of obesity, diet, and diabetes on pancreatic cancer. Through longitudinal monitoring and multi-omics analysis in mice, we found distinct effects of protein, sugar, and fat dietary components, with dietary sugars increasing Mad2l1 expression and tumor proliferation. Using epidemiological approaches in humans, we find that dietary sugars give a MAD2L1 genotype-dependent increased susceptibility to pancreatic cancer. The translation of these results to a clinical setting could aid in the identification of the at-risk population for screening and potentially harness dietary modification as a therapeutic measure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Dooley
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jermaine Goveia
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Anna Ulrich
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Katerina Rohlenova
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Heirman
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Tobias Karakach
- Bioinformatics Core Laboratory, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Yulia Lampi
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Shawez Khan
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tom Dresselaers
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; UMR 8199 - EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Section of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| | - Adrian Liston
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ramezani Ahmadi A, Sadeghian M, Alipour M, Ahmadi Taheri S, Rahmani S, Abbasnezhad A. The Effects of Probiotic/Synbiotic on Serum Level of Zonulin as a Biomarker of Intestinal Permeability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 49:1222-1231. [PMID: 33083288 PMCID: PMC7548501 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v49i7.3575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to obtain a conclusive result on the influence of probiotics/synbiotic on serum levels of zonulin. Data related to serum levels of zonulin were extracted to determine the effects of probiotic/synbiotic on intestinal permeability. Methods: The literature search was conducted across the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Pub-Med, Scopus and ISI Web of Science, Search up to Nov 2018. Clinical trials evaluating the effect of probiotic/synbiotic on serum zonulin levels of all human subjects were included. Results: Nine studies (including 496 intervention and 443 control subjects) met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. According to the meta-analysis, probiotic/synbiotic has a significant effect on serum zonulin reduction (WMD=−10.55 [95% CI: −17.76, −3.34]; P=0.004). However, the high level of heterogeneity was observed among the studies (I2=97.8, P<0.001). The subgroup analysis suggested study quality, blinding, study duration, Participants age, subject’s health status and supplement type as sources of heterogeneity. Conclusion: Probiotic/synbiotic have favorable effects on serum levels of zonulin as a measure of intestinal permeability. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the high heterogeneity and further evidence is required before definitive recommendations can be made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Ramezani Ahmadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sadeghian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Meysam Alipour
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samira Ahmadi Taheri
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sepideh Rahmani
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Abbasnezhad
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yan Z, Wu H, Zhou H, Chen S, He Y, Zhang W, Chen T, Yao H, Su W. Integrated metabolomics and gut microbiome to the effects and mechanisms of naoxintong capsule on type 2 diabetes in rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10829. [PMID: 32616735 PMCID: PMC7331749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Naoxintong Capsule (NXT) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine formulation which has been widely applied in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Previous studies also reported the potential effects of NXT against diabetes and certain complications, yet its mechanisms remain largely obscured. Herein, in this study, we investigated the anti-diabetic effects of NXT as well as its potential mechanisms. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) was induced in rats by 10-week high-fat diet in companion with a low-dose streptozotocin injection. NXT was administrated for additional 8 weeks. The results showed that NXT exerted potent efficacy against T2D by alleviating hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, ameliorating insulin resistance, mitigating inflammation, relieving hypertension, and reducing myocardial injuries. To investigate its mechanisms, by integrating sequencing of gut microbiota and serum untargeted metabolomics, we showed that NXT could significantly recover the disturbances of gut microbiota and metabolic phenotypes in T2D rats. Several feature pathways, such as arachidonic acid metabolism, fatty acid β-oxidation and glycerophospholipid metabolism, were identified as the potential mechanisms of NXT in vivo. In summary, our study has comprehensively revealed the anti-diabetic effects of NXT which could be considered as a promising strategy for treating metabolic disorders, T2D and diabetic related complications in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zenghao Yan
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haokui Zhou
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan He
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijian Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Taobin Chen
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Yao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Drug Synthesis and Evaluation Center, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangdong, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu W, Zhou X, Li Y, Zhang S, Cai X, Zhang R, Gong S, Han X, Ji L. Serum leptin, resistin, and adiponectin levels in obese and non-obese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: A population-based study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19052. [PMID: 32028423 PMCID: PMC7015632 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in adipocytokine profiles can contribute to peripheral insulin resistance and impairment of insulin production, which are 2 primary pathophysiological mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous studies of disturbed adipocytokine profiles have resulted in ambiguous findings; therefore, we conducted the current study comparing leptin, resistin, and adiponectin concentrations in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM who had normal body mass index (BMI) and those who were obese.We studied a population-based cohort of healthy participants and those with newly diagnosed T2DM. A normal BMI group was randomly selected; age- and sex-matched obese participants were recruited. Circulating leptin, resistin, and adiponectin concentrations were measured and compared between groups using analysis of variance; binary logistic regression analysis was then performed to compare the normal BMI and obese groups.In total, 85 healthy participants and 38 patients with diabetes (19 with normal BMI and 17 who were obese) were enrolled. After adjustment for BMI and waist circumference, the median leptin concentration was higher in the obese group (6.77 (3.89-10.73) ng/mL) than in the normal BMI group (1.69 (0.80-3.89) ng/mL) (P = .007), whereas the median adiponectin concentration was lower in the obese group (1.03 (0.75-2.36) μg/mL vs 3.36 (0.59-7.63) μg/mL, P = .03). In addition, the adiponectin/leptin ratio was higher in the normal BMI group (145.6 (41.3-495.9) ng/mL) than in the obese group (20.55 (8.74-36.94) ng/mL, P = .002).Compared with the normal BMI T2DM group, the obese T2DM group exhibited a disturbed adipocytokine profile in the form of a significantly increased leptin concentration and reduced adiponectin level. Further studies are needed to determine the causal relationship for this difference and evaluate its importance for personalized diabetic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital
| | - Xianghai Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital
| | - Yufeng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Pinggu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Simin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital
| | - Xiaoling Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital
| | - Siqian Gong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital
| | - Xueyao Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Alissa EM, Alzughaibi LS, Marzouki ZM. Relationship between serum resistin, body fat and inflammatory markers in females with clinical knee osteoarthritis. Knee 2020; 27:45-50. [PMID: 31926675 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adipokines have gained much interest in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis studies over the past years in that they play crucial roles in bone and cartilage homeostasis. Obesity is known to be one of the well-recognized and modifiable causes of OA burden. Key mediators in this metabolic link between obesity and OA could be resistin, among other cytokines secreted by the adipose tissue. We aimed to evaluate the association of serum resistin with obesity, and inflammation in female patients with knee OA. METHODS One hundred female participants, aged above 40 years, with symptomatic primary knee OA were matched for age with 100 apparently healthy females in a case-control study design. All study participants were subjected to clinical examination, laboratory investigations and radiological examination. RESULTS Patients with primary knee OA had elevated levels of serum resistin compared with healthy controls. We demonstrated that elevated serum resistin positively correlated with adiposity measures, inflammatory markers and WOMAC index. High sensitivity C reactive protein was found to be an independent predictor of serum resistin levels after adjustment for confounder factors. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that resistin may play an important role in the progression of knee OA and may serve as a novel and reliable biomarker for reflecting disease severity, with the potential to contribute to the fundamental processes underlying the pathogenesis of knee OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Alissa
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Elemental Spectroscopy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Zuhair M Marzouki
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rotundic Acid Protects against Metabolic Disturbance and Improves Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes Rats. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010067. [PMID: 31887996 PMCID: PMC7019423 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotundic acid (RA) is a major triterpene constituent in the barks of Ilex rotunda Thunb, which have been widely used to make herbal tea for health care in southern China. RA has a variety of bioactivities such as anti-inflammation and lipid-lowering effect. However, little is known about the effects and mechanisms of RA on metabolic disturbance in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its effect on gut microbiota. A T2D rat model induced by high fat diet (HFD) feeding and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) injection was employed and RA showed multipronged effects on T2D and its complications, including improving glucolipid metabolism, lowering blood pressure, protecting against cardiovascular and hepatorenal injuries, and alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation. Furthermore, 16s rRNA gene sequencing was carried out on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform and RA treatment could restore the gut microbial dysbiosis in T2D rats to a certain extent. RA treatment significantly enhanced the richness and diversity of gut microbiota. At the genus level, beneficial or commensal bacteria Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Leuconostoc and Streptococcus were significantly increased by RA treatment, while RA-treated rats had a lower abundance of opportunistic pathogen Klebsiella and Proteus. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that the abundances of these bacteria were strongly correlated with various biochemical parameters, suggesting that the improvement of gut microbiota might help to prevent or attenuate T2D and its complication. In conclusion, our findings support RA as a nutraceutical agent or plant foods rich in this compound might be helpful for the alleviation of T2D and its complications through improving gut microbiota.
Collapse
|
22
|
Kong Y, Zhang S, Wu R, Su X, Peng D, Zhao M, Su Y. New insights into different adipokines in linking the pathophysiology of obesity and psoriasis. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:171. [PMID: 31521168 PMCID: PMC6745073 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, systemic, hyper-proliferative immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease. The results of epidemiological investigations have shown that psoriasis affects around 2% of the general population worldwide, and the total number of psoriasis patients is more than 6 million in China. Apart from the skin manifestations, psoriasis has been verified to associate with several metabolic comorbidities, such as insulin resistance, diabetes and obesity. However, the underlying mechanism is still not elucidated. Adipocytes, considered as the active endocrine cells, are dysfunctional in obesity which displays increased synthesis and secretion of adipokines with other modified metabolic properties. Currently, growing evidence has pointed to the central role of adipokines in adipose tissue and the immune system, providing new insights into the effect of adipokines in linking the pathophysiology of obesity and psoriasis. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the pathological role of adipokines and the potential mechanisms whereby different adipokines link obesity and psoriasis. Furthermore, we also provide evidence which identifies a potential therapeutic target aiming at adipokines for the management of these two diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Kong
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Suhan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ruifang Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Daoquan Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Yuwen Su
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Farkas GJ, Gorgey AS, Dolbow DR, Berg AS, Gater DR. Sex dimorphism in the distribution of adipose tissue and its influence on proinflammatory adipokines and cardiometabolic profiles in motor complete spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2019; 42:430-436. [PMID: 29465306 PMCID: PMC6718133 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2018.1436125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to examine the influence of sex on the distribution of adipose tissue, as well as proinflammatory adipokine and cardiometabolic profiles, in chronic motor complete spinal cord injury (SCI). Design: Cross-sectional and correlational study. Setting: Academic rehabilitation hospital. Participants: Forty-seven individuals with chronic motor complete SCI classified according to sex (males: age 44.0 ± 10.9 y, body mass index (BMI) 27.2 ± 5.8, level of injury (LOI) C4 - L1; females: 42.0 ± 13.5 y, BMI 27.8 ± 6.6, LOI C4 - T11). Intervention: Not applicable. Outcome Measures: Visceral (VAT), subcutaneous (SAT), and total trunk (TTAT) adipose tissue volumes were assessed utilizing magnetic resonance imaging and a VAT:SAT ratio was calculated. Proinflammatory adipokines (tumor neurosis factor-α, interleukin-6, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, and high sensitivity c-reactive protein) and cardiovascular, carbohydrate, and lipid profiles were evaluated according to standard techniques. Results: VAT and VAT:SAT ratio were significantly greater in male participates with SCI (P ≤ 0.002), while SAT volume was significantly greater in female participants with SCI (P = 0.001). No difference was noted in TTAT between groups (P = 0.341). Male participants with SCI demonstrated lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLC) profiles and an elevated total cholesterol to HDLC ratio (P ≤ 0.003) compared with females. No other significant differences were found between groups concerning cardiometabolic profiles or proinflammatory adipokines; however, males exhibited poorer profiles overall. Proinflammatory adipokines significantly correlated with adipose tissue depots by sex (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results show that sex influences the distribution of adipose tissue, and may influence proinflammatory and cardiometabolic profiles following SCI. The findings of this study highlight the need for further research with dietary modification and exercise to decrease health risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary J. Farkas
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA,Correspondence to: Gary J. Farkas, B.S., Rehabilitation Research Laboratories, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, P.O. Box 850, Mail Code R120, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA.
| | - Ashraf S. Gorgey
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - David R. Dolbow
- School of Kinesiology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Arthur S. Berg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David R. Gater
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Acquarone E, Monacelli F, Borghi R, Nencioni A, Odetti P. Resistin: A reappraisal. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 178:46-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
25
|
Hamułka J, Górnicka M, Sulich A, Frąckiewicz J. Weight loss program is associated with decrease α-tocopherol status in obese adults. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:1861-1870. [PMID: 30064845 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Studies on changes in plasma α-tocopherol levels during body fat reduction in obese persons are not clear. The aim of the present study was to assess factors associated with α-tocopherol status in obese people and to examine changes in α-tocopherol status after a 6-week AntioxObesity weight loss program. METHODS The study was conducted in 60 overweight or obese adults, aged 18-54 years old. Food intake data were collected using the 3-day record method and a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements included: height (H), body weight, waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC), body composition: fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM), subcutaneous fat (SF) and visceral fat (VF). Lipid profile, α-tocopherol concentration, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in plasma and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in erythrocytes were determined. RESULTS Energy, fat, and carbohydrate intakes decreased significantly in all subjects (P < 0.001). Body weight, WC, body mass index (BMI), waist-to height ratio (WHtR), and FM, VF and SF decreased significantly during the 6 weeks in all subjects. Plasma α-tocopherol significantly decreased during the program (P = 0.006). No changes were observed for SOD activity, but GPx activity and TAC decreased significantly (P = 0.001; P = 0,023, respectively). Plasma α-tocopherol concentration after 6 weeks of the AntioxObesity program was strongly associated with baseline plasma α-tocopherol, changes in TC, VF and FM. Low α-tocopherol status (<20 μmol/L) was found in 78% of the women and 68% of the men, after 6 weeks of the AntioxObesity program. Men were characterized by a greater decrease in weight, BMI, WC, FM, VF, SF and TAC compared to women. CONCLUSIONS A 6-week weight loss program lowered α-tocopherol status in overweight and obese people. Low baseline α-tocopherol status and adiposity in obese adults negatively affected α-tocopherol status after 6 weeks weight loss program. These results, coupled with excessive weight and low α-tocopherol intake, led to the finding that there was an increased risk of oxidative stress diseases in adults on a reduced diet. Long-term dietary restriction program for obese patients should be monitored to avoid α-tocopherol deficiency, and take into account higher dietary α-tocopherol requirements for obese people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Hamułka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - WULS-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Górnicka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - WULS-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Sulich
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - WULS-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Frąckiewicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - WULS-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
CONTENT Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) results in physiological changes that markedly reduces whole-body metabolism, resulting in neurogenic obesity via adipose tissue accumulation. Adipose tissue has been implicated in the release of proinflammatory adipokines that lead to chronic, systemic inflammation, and evidence suggests these adipokines contribute to the pathogeneses of metabolic diseases that often accompany obesity. In this review, we propose the concept of neurogenic obesity through paralysis-induced adiposity as the primary source of systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction reported in chronic SCI. We also briefly discuss how exercise in SCI can attenuate the negative consequences of obesity-induced inflammation and its comorbidities. METHODS A MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ClinicalKey search was performed using the following search terms: obesity, adiposity, adipose tissue, proinflammatory adipokines, proinflammatory cytokines, metabolic dysfunction, exercise, physical activity, and spinal cord injury. All papers identified were full-text, English language papers. The reference list of identified papers was also searched for additional papers. RESULTS Research suggests that obesity in SCI results in a state of chronic, systemic inflammation primarily through proinflammatory adipokines secreted from excess adipose tissue. The reduction of adipose tissue through the use of diet and exercise demonstrates promise to combat neurogenic obesity, inflammation, and cardiometabolic dysfunction in SCI. CONCLUSION Proinflammatory adipokines may serve as biomarkers for the development of obesity-related complication in SCI. Mechanistic and interventional studies on neurogenic obesity-induced inflammation in chronic SCI are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary J. Farkas
- Correspondence to: Gary J. Farkas Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, P.O. Box 850, Mail Code R120, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA; Phone: 717-531-0003, x284930, 717-531-0354.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Farkas GJ, Gorgey AS, Dolbow DR, Berg AS, Gater DR. The influence of level of spinal cord injury on adipose tissue and its relationship to inflammatory adipokines and cardiometabolic profiles. J Spinal Cord Med 2018; 41:407-415. [PMID: 28758566 PMCID: PMC6055972 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2017.1357918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Level of injury (LOI) and the role of adipose tissue and its proinflammatory adipokines in cardiometabolic dysfunction following spinal cord injury (SCI) remains poorly understood. We aim to examine the influence of LOI on adipose tissue and its relationship to proinflammatory adipokines and cardiometabolic profiles following SCI. DESIGN Cross sectional and correlational study. SETTING Clinical hospital and academic setting. PARTICIPANTS Forty-seven individuals with chronic motor complete SCI (age 43.8±11.5 y, BMI: 27.3±5.3) were classified as having tetraplegia (TSCI; n=12) or paraplegia (PSCI; n=35). INTERVENTION Non applicable. OUTCOME MEASURES Visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue volumes were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Proinflammatory adipokines (tumor neurosis factor-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), plasminogen activatable inhibitor-1, thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, and high-sensitivity c-reactive protein) and cardiovascular, carbohydrate, and lipid profiles were assessed according to standard techniques. RESULTS VAT volume was greater in TSCI versus PSCI (p=0.042); however, after covarying for age this significance was lost (p>0.05). IL-6 was significantly elevated in TSCI (p<0.05), while other markers of inflammation generally were elevated, but did not reach statistical significance (p>0.05). Systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol were significantly lower in TSCI (p<0.05), while fasting glucose was significantly lower in PSCI (p<0.05). A number of proinflammatory adipokines and cardiometabolic markers significantly correlated with adipose tissue depots by LOI (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The results show that LOI does not influence the distribution of adipose tissue, but does influence proinflammatory adipokines and cardiometabolic profiles following SCI. Further research is needed to evaluate impact of lean body mass on these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary J. Farkas
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashraf S. Gorgey
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - David R. Dolbow
- School of Kinesiology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Arthur S. Berg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David R. Gater
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kocot J, Dziemidok P, Kiełczykowska M, Hordyjewska A, Szcześniak G, Musik I. Adipokine Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Depends on Degree of Obesity. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:4995-5004. [PMID: 29049270 PMCID: PMC5659140 DOI: 10.12659/msm.904318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The fast pace of life, promoting fast food consumption and low physical activity, has resulted in obesity and/or diabetes as being serious social problems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate concentrations of selected adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin) and to assess the leptin/adiponectin ratio in plasma of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients in relation to degree of obesity. Material/Methods The study comprised 92 T2D subjects divided into 4 groups according to BMI value – I (normal body weight), II (overweight), III (obesity), and IV (severe obesity) – and 20 healthy volunteers (control group). Each group was divided into male and female subgroups. Plasma concentrations of adipokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results In women, leptin concentration was significantly higher in group IV, whereas in men it was higher in groups III and IV than in the control group and groups I and II. Irrespective of sex, a significant decrease in adiponectin level was observed in group III vs. control. There was no significant difference in resistin levels. In women visfatin was markedly enhanced in group III, whereas in men in groups II, III and IV vs. control. Leptin/adiponectin ratio was increased in groups III and IV vs. control in women, whereas in men vs. both control and group I. Conclusions The obese type 2 diabetic patients presented a disturbed adipokine profile, which seems to be an important link between obesity and T2D. The future studies concerning the question if regulating of adipokines’ concentrations could be a promising approach for managing metabolic disorders seem to be well-grounded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kocot
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Dziemidok
- Institute of Public Health, Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education, Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | | | - Anna Hordyjewska
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Irena Musik
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hendy OM, Elsabaawy MM, Aref MM, Khalaf FM, Oda AMA, El Shazly HM. Evaluation of circulating zonulin as a potential marker in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. APMIS 2017; 125:607-613. [PMID: 28430371 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olfat M. Hendy
- Department of Clinical Pathology; National Liver Institute; Menoufia University; Menoufia Egypt
| | - Maha M. Elsabaawy
- Department of Hepatology; National Liver Institute; Menoufia University; Menoufia Egypt
| | - Mona M. Aref
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry; National Liver Institute; Menoufia University; Menoufia Egypt
| | - Fatma M. Khalaf
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry; National Liver Institute; Menoufia University; Menoufia Egypt
| | - Abdel Moaty A. Oda
- Department of Hepatology; National Liver Institute; Menoufia University; Menoufia Egypt
| | - Helmy M. El Shazly
- Department of Hepatology; National Liver Institute; Menoufia University; Menoufia Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Free fatty acid profile in Type 2 diabetic subjects with different control of glycemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4166-2_117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
|
31
|
Lenasi H, Klonizakis M. Assessing the evidence: Exploring the effects of exercise on diabetic microcirculation. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2017; 64:663-678. [PMID: 27767975 DOI: 10.3233/ch-168022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with cardiovascular complications. Impairment of glycemic control induces noxious glycations, an increase in oxydative stress and dearangement of various metabolic pathways. DM leads to dysfunction of micro- and macrovessels, connected to metabolic, endothelial and autonomic nervous system. Thus, assessing vascular reactivity might be one of the clinical tools to evaluate the impact of harmful effects of DM and potential benefit of treatment; skin and skeletal muscle microcirculation have usually been tested. Physical exercise improves vascular dysfunction through various mechanisms, and is regarded as an additional effective treatment strategy of DM as it positively impacts glycemic control, improves insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in the target tissues, thus affecting glucose and lipid metabolism, and increases the endothelium dependent vasodilation. Yet, not all patients respond in the same way so titrating the exercise type individualy would be desirable. Resistance training has, apart from aerobic one, been shown to positively correlate to glycemic control, and improve vascular reactivity. It has been prescribed in various forms or in combination with aerobic training. This review would assess the impact of different modes of exercise, the mechanisms involved, and its potential positive and negative effects on treating patients with Type I and Type II DM, focusing on the recent literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Lenasi
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Markos Klonizakis
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Sheffield Hallam University, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rodrigues KF, Pietrani NT, Bosco AA, Campos FMF, Sandrim VC, Gomes KB. IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 levels/polymorphisms and their association with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in Brazilian individuals. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2017; 61:438-446. [PMID: 28225860 PMCID: PMC10522244 DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association of plasma TNF-α, IL-6, and lL-10 levels and cytokine gene polymorphisms [TNF-α (-308 G→A), IL-6 (-174 C→G) and IL-10 (-1082 A→G, -819 T→C and -592 A→C)] in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obese patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS One hundred and two T2DM patients and 62 controls were included in this study. Cytokine plasma levels were measured by the Cytometric Bead Array method. Genotyping was carried out by the polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS IL-6 levels were significantly different between T2DM patients and controls. Interestingly, IL-6 levels were higher in T2DM patients with BMI > 30 kg/m2 compared with other patients and obese controls. The genotype and allele frequencies were similar between patients and controls. In the T2DM group, the SNP IL-10 -819 T/C showed a difference between the cytokine level and genotypes: IL-10 level in the TT genotype was significantly higher when compared to CC genotype. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest an association between IL-6 levels and obesity, and IL-10 levels and the SNP -819 T/C in T2DM. Knowledge of these variants in T2DM might contribute to a better understanding of the role of inflammation in the etiology and progression of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryna Fontana Rodrigues
- Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrasilInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Nathalia Teixeira Pietrani
- Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrasilInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Adriana Aparecida Bosco
- Instituto de Ensino e PesquisaSanta Casa de Belo HorizonteBelo HorizonteMGBrasilInstituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Valéria Cristina Sandrim
- Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita FilhoBotucatuSPBrasilInstituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Karina Braga Gomes
- Faculdade de FarmáciaUFMGBelo HorizonteMGBrasilFaculdade de Farmácia, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Giorda CB, Russo GT, Cercone S, De Cosmo S, Nicolucci A, Cucinotta D. Incidence and correlated factors of beta cell failure in a 4-year follow-up of patients with type 2 diabetes: a longitudinal analysis of the BETADECLINE study. Acta Diabetol 2016; 53:761-7. [PMID: 27193886 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-016-0868-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Type 2 diabetes is associated with progressive deterioration of beta cell function and loss of glycemic control, with increased morbidity and mortality from microvascular and macrovascular complications. Factors predictive of beta cell decline are needed. METHODS We have conducted a prospective evaluation of baseline predictors of beta cell dysfunction and insulin initiation in a cohort of outpatients with type 2 diabetes receiving stable treatment with oral hypoglycemic agents or dietary intervention, over a 4-year follow-up period. RESULTS Of 507 patients enrolled, 56 (10.8 %) experienced the study endpoint of initiation of insulin therapy. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses revealed that the likelihood of initiating insulin therapy during follow-up increased with longer diabetes duration and with higher baseline values for hemoglobin A1c, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, proinsulin, interleukin-6, Homeostatic Model Assessment-IR and lower values for Homeostatic Model Assessment-B. The likelihood of initiating insulin therapy increased by 46 % for each 1 % increase (10.9 mmol/mol) in baseline hemoglobin A1c and by 6 % for each unit increase (1 ng/l) in baseline IL-6 level. The risk was fourfold higher in the lowest versus highest Homeostatic Model Assessment-B quartile. Treatment with metformin plus a secretagogue increased the risk by fourfold. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that commonly measured parameters may predict treatment failure in type 2 diabetes and suggest that early treatment with metformin plus secretagogues may foretell this failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo B Giorda
- Metabolism and Diabetes Unit ASL TO5, Regione Piemonte, Via De Maria, 10023, Chieri (TO), Italy.
| | - Giuseppina T Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore De Cosmo
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Antonio Nicolucci
- Center for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology (CORE), Pescara, Italy
| | - Domenico Cucinotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Increased Gustatory Response Score in Obesity and Association Levels with IL-6 and Leptin. J Nutr Metab 2016; 2016:7924052. [PMID: 27413547 PMCID: PMC4928000 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7924052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the circulating IL-6 and leptin levels with taste alteration in young obese patients. Methods. A retrospective case-control study was conducted in thirty obese patients and thirty age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Results. Circulating levels of IL-6 and leptin were significantly increased in obese patients than in controls. However, catalase and ORAC levels were significantly decreased in obese patients compared to controls. Additionally, obese participants had high scores for the detection of fats (gustatory response scores [GRS]; p < 0.001). Moreover, IL-6 and leptin were strongly associated with GRS alteration among patients with GRS 4 (resp., OR =17.5 [95% CI, 1.56–193.32; p = 0.007]; OR = 16 [95% CI, 1.69–151.11; p = 0.006]). For the Mantel-Haenszel common odds ratio estimate (MH OR), IL-6 and leptin were strongly associated with obesity, in patients with either GRS 4 or GRS > 4 (resp., MH OR = 8.77 [95% CI, 2.06–37.44; p = 0.003]; MH OR = 5.76 [95% CI, 1.64–20.24; p = 0.006]). Conclusions. In a low grade inflammation linked to obesity, taste alteration is associated with high levels of IL-6 and leptin.
Collapse
|
35
|
Backer V, Baines KJ, Powell H, Porsbjerg C, Gibson PG. Increased asthma and adipose tissue inflammatory gene expression with obesity and Inuit migration to a western country. Respir Med 2015; 111:8-15. [PMID: 26764119 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An overlap between obesity and asthma exists, and inflammatory cells in adipose tissue could drive the development of asthma. Comparison of adipose tissue gene expression among Inuit living in Greenland to those in Denmark provides an opportunity to assess how changes in adipose tissue inflammation can be modified by migration and diet. OBJECTIVE To examine mast cell and inflammatory markers in adipose tissue and the association with asthma. METHODS Two Inuit populations were recruited, one living in Greenland and another in Denmark. All underwent adipose subcutaneous biopsy, followed by clinical assessment of asthma, and measurement of AHR. Adipose tissue biopsies were homogenised, RNA extracted, and PCR was performed to determine the relative gene expression of mast cell (tryptase, chymase, CPA3) and inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1β, and CD163). RESULTS Of the 1059 Greenlandic Inuit participants, 556 were living in Greenland and 6.4% had asthma. Asthma was increased in Denmark (9%) compared to Greenland (3.6%, p < 0.0001) and associated with increased adipose tissue IL-6 gene expression and increased BMI. There was no association between asthma and adipose tissue mast cell gene expression. Pro-inflammatory gene expression (IL-6, IL-1β) was higher in those living in Denmark, and with increasing BMI and dietary changes. The anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophage marker, CD163, was higher in Greenland-dwelling Inuit (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS No association was found between gene expression of mast cell markers in adipose tissue and asthma. Among Greenlandic Inuit, adipose tissue inflammation is also increased in those who migrate to Denmark, possibly as a result of dietary changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Backer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine L, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Katherine J Baines
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Heather Powell
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Celeste Porsbjerg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine L, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter G Gibson
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, NSW 2305 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rose DP, Gracheck PJ, Vona-Davis L. The Interactions of Obesity, Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:2147-68. [PMID: 26516917 PMCID: PMC4695883 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7040883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese postmenopausal women have an increased breast cancer risk, the principal mechanism for which is elevated estrogen production by adipose tissue; also, regardless of menstrual status and tumor estrogen dependence, obesity is associated with biologically aggressive breast cancers. Type 2 diabetes has a complex relationship with breast cancer risk and outcome; coexisting obesity may be a major factor, but insulin itself induces adipose aromatase activity and estrogen production and also directly stimulates breast cancer cell growth and invasion. Adipose tissue inflammation occurs frequently in obesity and type 2 diabetes, and proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E2 produced by cyclooxygenase-2 in the associated infiltrating macrophages also induce elevated aromatase expression. In animal models, the same proinflammatory mediators, and the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, also stimulate tumor cell proliferation and invasion directly and promote tumor-related angiogenesis. We postulate that chronic adipose tissue inflammation, rather than body mass index-defined obesity per se, is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and postmenopausal estrogen-dependent breast cancer. Also, notably before the menopause, obesity and type 2 diabetes, or perhaps the associated inflammation, promote estrogen-independent, notably triple-negative, breast cancer development, invasion and metastasis by mechanisms that may involve macrophage-secreted cytokines, adipokines and insulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David P Rose
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center,West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Peter J Gracheck
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center,West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Linda Vona-Davis
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center,West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
- Department of Surgery, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Oliveira MD, de Síbio MT, Olimpio RMC, Moretto FCF, Luvizotto RDAM, Nogueira CR. Triiodothyronine modulates the expression of leptin and adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2015; 13:72-8. [PMID: 25993072 PMCID: PMC4946815 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082015ao3068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the effect of different doses of triiodothyronine on gene expression of the adipokines leptin and adiponectin, at different times, and to evaluate the difference in expression between the two adipokines in each group. Methods 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated with triiodothyronine at physiological dose (10nM) and supraphysiological doses (100nM or 1,000nM), or without triiodothyronine (control, C) for 0.5, 6, or 24 hours. Leptin and adiponectin mRNA was detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). One-way analyses of variance, Tukey’s test or Student’s t test, were used to analyze data, and significance level was set at 5%. Results Leptin levels decreased in the 1,000nM-dose group after 0.5 hour. Adiponectin levels dropped in the 10nM-dose group, but increased at the 100nM dose. After 6 hours, both genes were suppressed in all hormone concentrations. After 24 hours, leptin levels increased at 10, 100 and 1,000nM groups as compared to the control group; and adiponectin levels increased only in the 100nM group as compared to the control group. Conclusion These results demonstrated fast actions of triiodothyronine on the leptin and adiponectin expression, starting at 0.5 hour, at a dose of 1,000nM for leptin and 100nM for adiponectin. Triiodothyronine stimulated or inhibited the expression of adipokines in adipocytes at different times and doses which may be useful to assist in the treatment of obesity, assuming that leptin is increased and adiponectin is decreased, in obesity cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriane de Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Papaetis GS, Papakyriakou P, Panagiotou TN. Central obesity, type 2 diabetes and insulin: exploring a pathway full of thorns. Arch Med Sci 2015; 11:463-82. [PMID: 26170839 PMCID: PMC4495144 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.52350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly increasing. This is strongly related to the contemporary lifestyle changes that have resulted in increased rates of overweight individuals and obesity. Central (intra-abdominal) obesity is observed in the majority of patients with T2D. It is associated with insulin resistance, mainly at the level of skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and liver. The discovery of macrophage infiltration in the abdominal adipose tissue and the unbalanced production of adipocyte cytokines (adipokines) was an essential step towards novel research perspectives for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing the development of insulin resistance. Furthermore, in an obese state, the increased cellular uptake of non-esterified fatty acids is exacerbated without any subsequent β-oxidation. This in turn contributes to the accumulation of intermediate lipid metabolites that cause defects in the insulin signaling pathway. This paper examines the possible cellular mechanisms that connect central obesity with defects in the insulin pathway. It discusses the discrepancies observed from studies organized in cell cultures, animal models and humans. Finally, it emphasizes the need for therapeutic strategies in order to achieve weight reduction in overweight and obese patients with T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios S. Papaetis
- Diabetes Clinic, Paphos, Cyprus
- Diabetes Clinic, 3 Department of Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, ‘Sotiria’ General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Themistoklis N. Panagiotou
- Diabetes Clinic, 3 Department of Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, ‘Sotiria’ General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Heng AE, Montaurier C, Cano N, Caillot N, Blot A, Meunier N, Pereira B, Marceau G, Sapin V, Jouve C, Boirie Y, Deteix P, Morio B. Energy expenditure, spontaneous physical activity and with weight gain in kidney transplant recipients. Clin Nutr 2015; 34:457-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
40
|
Kuate D, Kengne APN, Biapa CPN, Azantsa BGK, Abdul Manan Bin Wan Muda W. Tetrapleura tetraptera spice attenuates high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-induced obese and type 2 diabetic rats with metabolic syndrome features. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:50. [PMID: 26003803 PMCID: PMC4448292 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetrapleura tetraptera, a seasoning and nutritive spice is also used in western African folk medicine in the management of wide variety of diseases including diabetes, inflammation and hypertension. Flavonoids and saponins are some abundant secondary metabolic constituents in the fruits of this plant. This study aimed at evaluating the potential therapeutic action of the polyphenol-rich hydroethanolic extract (HET) of this fruit in experimentally induced obese and type 2 diabetic rats (T2DM) with characteristic metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS MetS was induced in rats by high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet and administration of low-dose streptozotocin. Then different oral doses of HET (200 and 400 mg/kg) were administered to T2DM rats for 28 days. A standard antidiabetic drug, metformin (300 mg/kg), was used for comparison. The body weight, systolic blood pressure, oxidative stress and metabolic parameters were then assessed to evaluate the effect of HET on MetS. RESULTS HET reduced weight gain, fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin levels as well as homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and alleviated obesity and T2DM associated oxidative stress and hypertension in rats. Moreover, a significantly hypolipidemic property and an attenuation of liver injury and tissue steatosis was observed after HET administration. HET further demonstrated its anti-inflammation effect via down regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin and an increase in adiponectin. The HET exhibited dose-dependent effects which were comparable to that of metformin. CONCLUSIONS The present study thereby demonstrates the anti-insulin resistance, antilipidemic, anti-obesity, hypotensive and anti-inflammatory properties of HET; hence it has the potential to be further developed for the management of MetS such as obesity, T2DM and hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dieudonne Kuate
- Program in Nutrition, School of Health Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia. .,Department of biochemistry, Faculty of science, University of Dschang, PO Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | | | - Cabral Prosper Nya Biapa
- Department of biochemistry, Faculty of science, University of Dschang, PO Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Boris Gabin Kingue Azantsa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
| | - Wan Abdul Manan Bin Wan Muda
- Program in Nutrition, School of Health Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Elks CM, Stephens JM. Oncostatin m modulation of lipid storage. BIOLOGY 2015; 4:151-60. [PMID: 25689119 PMCID: PMC4381222 DOI: 10.3390/biology4010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is a cytokine belonging to the gp130 family, whose members serve pleiotropic functions. However, several actions of OSM are unique from those of other gp130 cytokines, and these actions may have critical roles in inflammatory mechanisms influencing several metabolic and biological functions of insulin-sensitive tissues. In this review, the actions of OSM in adipose tissue and liver are discussed, with an emphasis on lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie M Elks
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Thompson D, Walhin JP, Batterham AM, Stokes KA, Cooper AR, Andrews RC. Effect of diet or diet plus physical activity versus usual care on inflammatory markers in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: the Early ACTivity in Diabetes (ACTID) randomized, controlled trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000828. [PMID: 24811615 PMCID: PMC4309073 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.000828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Inflammation plays a major role in diabetes‐associated cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is uncertainty whether diet and physical activity interventions can be successfully integrated into healthcare settings and reduce markers of inflammation and risk of CVD in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods and Results Systemic markers of inflammation were determined in a 12‐month, real‐world, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial that investigated the effect of diet, diet plus physical activity, and usual care in 593 individuals with newly diagnosed T2D. During the first 6 months, serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) improved by −21 (−36 to −1.4)% and −22 (−38 to −3.1)% in diet and diet plus physical activity arms versus usual care. There were also improvements in adiponectin and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1). Though medication‐adjusted CRP was improved between 6 and 12 months for usual care, both interventions were more successful in reducing the relative risk of a high‐risk CRP level of >3 mg/L (risk ratios of 0.72 [0.55 to 0.95] for diet versus usual care and 0.67 [0.50 to 0.90] for diet plus activity versus usual care). Furthermore, sICAM‐1 (a marker of vascular risk), remained substantially lower than usual care in both intervention arms at 12 months. Conclusions Motivational, unsupervised diet and/or diet plus physical activity interventions given soon after diagnosis in real‐world healthcare settings improve markers of inflammation and cardiovascular risk in patients with T2D, even after accounting for the effect of adjustments to medication to try and control blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, and lipids. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier: ISRCTN92162869.
Collapse
|
43
|
Wonnerth A, Katsaros KM, Krychtiuk KA, Speidl WS, Kaun C, Thaler K, Huber K, Wojta J, Maurer G, Seljeflot I, Arnesen H, Weiss TW. Glycoprotein 130 polymorphism predicts soluble glycoprotein 130 levels. Metabolism 2014; 63:647-53. [PMID: 24629561 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a key cytokine in inflammatory diseases. It exerts its biological function via binding to a homodimer of its signal transducer glycoprotein 130 (gp130). Soluble gp130 (sgp130) is the natural inhibitor of IL-6 trans-signalling. The aim of this study was to test a possible influence of the gp130 genotype on sgp130 serum levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS In two separate populations, subjects were genotyped for the gp130 polymorphism G148C. Sgp130, IL-6 and soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) levels were measured. The OSLO population consisted of 546 male subjects at high risk for CAD. The VIENNA population consisted of 299 male subjects with angiographically proven CAD. RESULTS In the OSLO population, 124 (22.7%) subjects were hetero- or homozygote for the rare C allele. Individuals carrying the polymorphism had significantly higher levels of sgp130. In a multivariate linear regression model this association remained significant (adjusted p=0.001). In the VIENNA population, 48 (16.1%) subjects were hetero- or homozygote for the rare C allele. Consistent with the former study, sgp130 levels were significantly higher in carriers of the polymorphism compared to wildtype carriers (adjusted p=0.038). In the VIENNA population, sgp130 levels were significantly higher in diabetic patients. In the OSLO population, sgp130 was higher in patients with increased body mass index and in smokers (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Sgp130 serum levels are significantly higher in subjects carrying the gp130 polymorphism G148C compared to wildtype carriers. This finding proposes a possible genetical influence on sgp130 levels which may alter individual coping mechanisms in inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wonnerth
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Katharina M Katsaros
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research
| | | | - Walter S Speidl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Kaun
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research
| | - Kylie Thaler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Huber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research; Department of Cardiology and Emergency Medicine, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Wojta
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research
| | - Gerald Maurer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingebjorg Seljeflot
- Centre of Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ulleval, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Arnesen
- Centre of Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ulleval, Norway
| | - Thomas W Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Cardiology and Emergency Medicine, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Monteiro JP, Wise C, Morine MJ, Teitel C, Pence L, Williams A, McCabe-Sellers B, Champagne C, Turner J, Shelby B, Ning B, Oguntimein J, Taylor L, Toennessen T, Priami C, Beger RD, Bogle M, Kaput J. Methylation potential associated with diet, genotype, protein, and metabolite levels in the Delta Obesity Vitamin Study. GENES & NUTRITION 2014; 9:403. [PMID: 24760553 PMCID: PMC4026438 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Micronutrient research typically focuses on analyzing the effects of single or a few nutrients on health by analyzing a limited number of biomarkers. The observational study described here analyzed micronutrients, plasma proteins, dietary intakes, and genotype using a systems approach. Participants attended a community-based summer day program for 6-14 year old in 2 years. Genetic makeup, blood metabolite and protein levels, and dietary differences were measured in each individual. Twenty-four-hour dietary intakes, eight micronutrients (vitamins A, D, E, thiamin, folic acid, riboflavin, pyridoxal, and pyridoxine) and 3 one-carbon metabolites [homocysteine (Hcy), S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH)], and 1,129 plasma proteins were analyzed as a function of diet at metabolite level, plasma protein level, age, and sex. Cluster analysis identified two groups differing in SAM/SAH and differing in dietary intake patterns indicating that SAM/SAH was a potential marker of nutritional status. The approach used to analyze genetic association with the SAM/SAH metabolites is called middle-out: SNPs in 275 genes involved in the one-carbon pathway (folate, pyridoxal/pyridoxine, thiamin) or were correlated with SAM/SAH (vitamin A, E, Hcy) were analyzed instead of the entire 1M SNP data set. This procedure identified 46 SNPs in 25 genes associated with SAM/SAH demonstrating a genetic contribution to the methylation potential. Individual plasma metabolites correlated with 99 plasma proteins. Fourteen proteins correlated with body mass index, 49 with group age, and 30 with sex. The analytical strategy described here identified subgroups for targeted nutritional interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Pontes Monteiro
- />Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Prêto, SP Brazil
| | - Carolyn Wise
- />Division of Personalized Nutrition and Medicine, National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR USA
| | - Melissa J. Morine
- />Department of Mathematics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- />The Microsoft Research, University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy
| | - Candee Teitel
- />Division of Personalized Nutrition and Medicine, National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR USA
| | - Lisa Pence
- />Division of Systems Biology, NCTR/FDA, Jefferson, AR USA
| | - Anna Williams
- />Division of Personalized Nutrition and Medicine, National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR USA
| | - Beverly McCabe-Sellers
- />Delta Obesity Prevention Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Little Rock, AR USA
| | - Catherine Champagne
- />Dietary Assessment and Nutrition Counseling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - Jerome Turner
- />Boys, Girls, Adults Community Development Center & The Phillips County Community Partners, Marvell, AR USA
| | - Beatrice Shelby
- />Boys, Girls, Adults Community Development Center & The Phillips County Community Partners, Marvell, AR USA
| | - Baitang Ning
- />Division of Personalized Nutrition and Medicine, National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR USA
| | - Joan Oguntimein
- />Shepherd Program for the Interdisciplinary Study of Poverty and Human Capability, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA USA
- />Medical School, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Lauren Taylor
- />Shepherd Program for the Interdisciplinary Study of Poverty and Human Capability, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA USA
- />Emory School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Terri Toennessen
- />Division of Personalized Nutrition and Medicine, National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR USA
| | - Corrado Priami
- />Department of Mathematics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- />The Microsoft Research, University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy
| | | | - Margaret Bogle
- />Delta Obesity Prevention Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Little Rock, AR USA
| | - Jim Kaput
- />Systems Nutrition and Health Unit, Nestle Institute of Health Sciences, Innovation Square, EPFL Campus, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rajkovic N, Zamaklar M, Lalic K, Jotic A, Lukic L, Milicic T, Singh S, Stosic L, Lalic NM. Relationship between obesity, adipocytokines and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes: relevance for cardiovascular risk prevention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:4049-65. [PMID: 24736687 PMCID: PMC4024989 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110404049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyse the impact of obesity in type 2 diabetes (T2D) on adipocytokines (adiponectin, leptin and resistin) and inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6 and hsCRP) as cardiovascular risk factors. A cross-sectional study comparing the basal levels of adipocytokines and inflammatory markers was done in 18 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) (group A), 21 overweight (25 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2) (group B), 25 non-obese T2D patients (group C) and 15 non-obese controls (group D). The lowest levels of adiponectin and the highest levels of leptin, resistin, TNF-α, IL-6 and hsCRP were found in group A. Adiponectin levels were significantly lower, and resistin, TNF-α, and hsCRP levels were elevated in group C vs. D. However, leptin and IL-6 levels differed significantly between groups A and B, but not between groups C and D. Moreover, we found a significant negative correlation between adiponectin and TNF-α, but not with other markers, which was independent of the presence of obesity. In contrast, leptin and resistin correlated with the inflammatory markers, and this correlation was obesity-dependent. Our results suggest that obesity influences cardiovascular risk primarily through changes in leptin and resistin and less efficiently at the level of adiponectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Rajkovic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 13, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Miroslava Zamaklar
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 13, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Katarina Lalic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 13, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Jotic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 13, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Ljiljana Lukic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 13, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Tanja Milicic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 13, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Sandra Singh
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 13, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Ljubica Stosic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 13, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Nebojsa M Lalic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 13, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Viana EC, Araujo-Dasilio KL, Miguel GPS, Bressan J, Lemos EM, Moyses MR, de Abreu GR, de Azevedo JLMC, Carvalho PS, Passos-Bueno MRS, Errera FIV, Bissoli NS. Gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy: the same impact on IL-6 and TNF-α. Prospective clinical trial. Obes Surg 2014; 23:1252-61. [PMID: 23475776 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-013-0894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the association between the quantity of adipose tissue and concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), this work aimed to assess the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) procedures on serum IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations. METHODS This study evaluated serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels, as well as routine anthropometric and biochemical values, before and 1 year post-bariatric surgery. Fifty percent of patients (n = 24) underwent RYGB, and 50 % (n = 24) underwent SG. Prior to bariatric surgery, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were investigated in obese women. RESULTS There was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in all anthropometric and routine biochemical measurements in patients in the RYGB and SG groups 1 year post-surgery. The serum concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α were reduced following surgery in both groups (p < 0.05). No differences in the relative expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were found between SAT and VAT prior to bariatric surgery. CONCLUSIONS RYGB and SG procedures demonstrated a similar impact on adipokine levels in women 1 year post-surgery. Both techniques may improve the course of chronic diseases and the state of inflammation associated with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Cristina Viana
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Rua Marechal Campos, 1468 Vitória, CEP: 29040-090, ES, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Petrášová D, Bertková I, Petrášová M, Hijová E, Mareková M, Babinská I, Jarčuška P, Pella D, Madarasová Gecková A. Biomarkers Associated with Obesity and Overweight in the Roma Population Residing in Eastern Slovakia. Cent Eur J Public Health 2014; 22 Suppl:S18-21. [DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a3896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
48
|
Sanchez-Infantes D, White UA, Elks CM, Morrison RF, Gimble JM, Considine RV, Ferrante AW, Ravussin E, Stephens JM. Oncostatin m is produced in adipose tissue and is regulated in conditions of obesity and type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E217-25. [PMID: 24297795 PMCID: PMC3913819 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adipose tissue is a highly active endocrine organ that secretes many factors that affect other tissues and whole-body metabolism. Adipocytes are responsive to several glycoprotein 130 (gp130) cytokines, some of which have been targeted as potential antiobesity therapeutics. OBJECTIVE Oncostatin M (OSM) is a gp130 family member known to inhibit adipocyte differentiation in vitro, but its effects on other adipocyte properties are not characterized. The expression of OSM in white adipose tissue (WAT) has not been evaluated in the context of obesity. Thus, our objective was to examine the expression of adipose tissue OSM in obese animals and humans. DESIGN OSM expression was examined in adipose tissues from mice with diet-induced and genetic obesity and in obese humans as well as in fractionated adipose tissue from mice. Murine adipocytes were used to examine OSM receptor expression and the effects of OSM on adipocytes, including the secretion of factors such as plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and IL-6, which are implicated in metabolic diseases. RESULTS OSM expression is increased in rodent and human obesity/type 2 diabetes mellitus. In humans, OSM levels correlate with body weight and insulin and are inversely correlated with glucose disposal rate as measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. OSM is not produced from the adipocytes in WAT but derives from cells in the stromovascular fraction, including F4/80(+) macrophages. The specific receptor of OSM, OSM receptor-β, is expressed in adipocytes and adipose tissue and increased in both rodent models of obesity examined. OSM acts on adipocytes to induce the expression and secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and IL-6. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that WAT macrophages are a source of OSM and that OSM levels are significantly induced in murine and human obesity/type 2 diabetes mellitus. These studies suggest that OSM produced from immune cells in WAT acts in a paracrine manner on adipocytes to promote a proinflammatory phenotype in adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Sanchez-Infantes
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (D.S.-I., U.A.W., C.M.E., J.M.G., E.R., J.M.S.) and Department of Biological Sciences (J.M.S.), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808; Department of Nutrition (R.F.M.), UNC-Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 24702; Indiana University School of Medicine (R.V.C.), Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Medicine (A.W.F.), Columbia University, New York, New York 10032; and Endocrinology Department (D.S.-I.), St Joan de Deu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Al-Hamodi Z, AL-Habori M, Al-Meeri A, Saif-Ali R. Association of adipokines, leptin/adiponectin ratio and C-reactive protein with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:99. [PMID: 25276234 PMCID: PMC4177707 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alterations in plasma adipokines and/or inflammatory parameters in Type 2 DM remain vague as to whether they are due to obesity and/or directly associated with the diabetic state. Our objective was to compare plasma adiponectin, leptin, leptin/adiponectin ratio (LAR) and hs-CRP in obese non-diabetic subjects and non-obese Type 2 DM patients, as well as determining the association of these adipokines with MetS and diabetes-related quantitative traits. METHODS In this study, 92 Yemeni male volunteers aged 25-60 years old were enrolled, 31 of whom were healthy subjects with BMI < 25 kg/m(2) served as control; 30 non-diabetic obese subjects BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2) and FBG < 6.1 mmol/l; and 31 non-obese Type 2 DM with FBG > 7 mmol/l and BMI < 25 kg/m(2). RESULTS Adiponectin was lower in obese subjects, with no differences between non-obese Type 2 DM patients and controls. In contrast, leptin, LAR and hs-CRP were higher in both obese subjects and non-obese Type 2 DM patients. Linear regression analysis showed adiponectin to be associated negatively with BMI, waist circumference, insulin, HOMA-β and HOMA-IR; whereas leptin, LAR and hs-CRP were associated positively with BMI, waist circumference, TG, FBG, insulin, HOMA-β and HOMA-IR. Moreover, adiponectin negatively correlated with leptin, LAR and hs-CRP; whereas leptin and LAR positively correlated with hs-CRP and with each other. CONCLUSION Plasma adiponectin is not affected by diabetes per se, suggesting that its alterations in Type 2 DM may be due to obesity and may be an important link between adiposity, IR and Type 2 DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Al-Hamodi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana’a, PO Box 19065, Sana’a, Republic of Yemen
| | - Molham AL-Habori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana’a, PO Box 19065, Sana’a, Republic of Yemen
| | - Ali Al-Meeri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana’a, PO Box 19065, Sana’a, Republic of Yemen
| | - Riyadh Saif-Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana’a, PO Box 19065, Sana’a, Republic of Yemen
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Adipose tissue in obesity-related inflammation and insulin resistance: cells, cytokines, and chemokines. ISRN INFLAMMATION 2013; 2013:139239. [PMID: 24455420 PMCID: PMC3881510 DOI: 10.1155/2013/139239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 668] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a complex organ that comprises a wide range of cell types with diverse energy storage, metabolic regulation, and neuroendocrine and immune functions. Because it contains various immune cells, either adaptive (B and T lymphocytes; such as regulatory T cells) or innate (mostly macrophages and, more recently identified, myeloid-derived suppressor cells), the adipose tissue is now considered as a bona fide immune organ, at the cross-road between metabolism and immunity. Adipose tissue disorders, such as those encountered in obesity and lipodystrophy, cause alterations to adipose tissue distribution and function with broad effects on cytokine, chemokine, and hormone expression, on lipid storage, and on the composition of adipose-resident immune cell populations. The resulting changes appear to induce profound consequences for basal systemic inflammation and insulin sensitivity. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the current literature on adipose cell composition remodeling in obesity, which shows how adipose-resident immune cells regulate inflammation and insulin resistance—notably through cytokine and chemokine secretion—and highlights major research questions in the field.
Collapse
|