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Amit Patel K, Sethi A, Al Azazi E, McClurg C, Chowdhury T. The role of heart rate variability in predicting delirium: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci 2024; 124:122-129. [PMID: 38703472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2024.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Brain and heart interact through multiple ways. Heart rate variability, a non-invasive measurement is studied extensively as a predicting model for various health conditions including subarachnoid hemorrhage, cancer, and diabetes. There is limited evidence to predict delirium, an acute fluctuating disorder of brain dysfunction, as it poses a significant challenge in the intensive care unit (ICU) and post-operative setting. In this systematic review of 9 articles, heart rate variability indices were used to investigate the occurrence of post-operative and ICU delirium. This systematic review and meta-analysis reveal evidence of a strong predilection between postoperative and intensive care unit delirium and alterations in the heart rate variability, measured by mean differences for standard deviation of NN-intervals. Other heart rate variability indices [root mean squares of successive differences, low-frequency (LF), high-frequency (HF), and LF:HF ratio] showed lack of or very weak association. A non-invasive tool of brain and heart interaction may refine diagnostic predictions for acute brain dysfunctions like delirium in such population and would be an important step in delirium research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ansh Sethi
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Emad Al Azazi
- Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada; University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Caitlin McClurg
- Libraries and Cultural Resources, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tumul Chowdhury
- Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada.
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2
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Jeong S, Pyo H, Park W, Han Y. The Prediction of Stress in Radiation Therapy: Integrating Artificial Intelligence with Biological Signals. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1964. [PMID: 38893087 PMCID: PMC11171009 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16111964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to predict stress in patients using artificial intelligence (AI) from biological signals and verify the effect of stress on respiratory irregularity. We measured 123 cases in 41 patients and calculated stress scores with seven stress-related features derived from heart-rate variability. The distribution and trends of stress scores across the treatment period were analyzed. Before-treatment information was used to predict the stress features during treatment. AI models included both non-pretrained (decision tree, random forest, support vector machine, long short-term memory (LSTM), and transformer) and pretrained (ChatGPT) models. Performance was evaluated using 10-fold cross-validation, exact match ratio, accuracy, recall, precision, and F1 score. Respiratory irregularities were calculated in phase and amplitude and analyzed for correlation with stress score. Over 90% of the patients experienced stress during radiation therapy. LSTM and prompt engineering GPT4.0 had the highest accuracy (feature classification, LSTM: 0.703, GPT4.0: 0.659; stress classification, LSTM: 0.846, GPT4.0: 0.769). A 10% increase in stress score was associated with a 0.286 higher phase irregularity (p < 0.025). Our research pioneers the use of AI and biological signals for stress prediction in patients undergoing radiation therapy, potentially identifying those needing psychological support and suggesting methods to improve radiotherapy effectiveness through stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoon Jeong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hongryull Pyo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea; (H.P.); (W.P.)
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea; (H.P.); (W.P.)
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngyih Han
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea; (H.P.); (W.P.)
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
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Cho S, Lee SH, Lee HJ, Chu MK, Kim WJ, Heo K, Kim KM. Changes in heart rate variability over time from symptom onset of transient global amnesia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6944. [PMID: 38521821 PMCID: PMC10960858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Transient global amnesia (TGA) often involves precipitating events associated with changes in autonomic nervous system (ANS), and heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the ANS state. This study aimed to investigate HRV changes after TGA. A retrospective analysis of HRV included patients diagnosed with TGA between January 2015 and May 2020. The time and frequency domains of HRV were compared among three groups: early (< 1 week after TGA, n = 19), late (1-4 weeks after TGA, n = 38), and healthy control (HC, n = 19). The Pearson's correlation between time and time-domain HRV was also examined. The standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) (early, 47.2; late, 35.5; HC, 41.5; p = 0.033) and root mean square of successive RR interval differences (RMSSD) (early, 38.5; late, 21.3; HC, 31.0; p = 0.006) differed significantly among the three groups. Post-hoc analysis showed statistically significant differences only in the early and late groups in both SDNN (p = 0.032) and RMSSD (p = 0.006) values. However, the frequency domain with total power, low-frequency and high-frequency powers, and low-frequency/high-frequency ratio did not differ. SDNN (Pearson correlation coefficient =- 0.396, p = 0.002) and RMSSD (Pearson correlation coefficient =- 0.406, p = 0.002) were negatively correlated with time after TGA. Changes in HRV occurred over time after the onset of TGA, with the pattern showing an increase in the first week and then a decrease within 4 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomi Cho
- Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Lee
- Department of Neurology, Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Chu
- Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Heo
- Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kim
- Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Balsam D, Bounds DT, Rahmani AM, Nyamathi A. Evaluating the Impact of an App-Delivered Mindfulness Meditation Program to Reduce Stress and Anxiety During Pregnancy: Pilot Longitudinal Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2023; 6:e53933. [PMID: 38145479 PMCID: PMC10775027 DOI: 10.2196/53933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress and anxiety during pregnancy are extremely prevalent and are associated with numerous poor outcomes, among the most serious of which are increased rates of preterm birth and low birth weight infants. Research supports that while in-person mindfulness training is effective in reducing pregnancy stress and anxiety, there are barriers limiting accessibility. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to determine if mindfulness meditation training with the Headspace app is effective for stress and anxiety reduction during pregnancy. METHODS A longitudinal, single-arm trial was implemented with 20 pregnant women who were instructed to practice meditation via the Headspace app twice per day during the month-long trial. Validated scales were used to measure participant's levels of stress and anxiety pre- and postintervention. Physiological measures reflective of stress (heart rate variability and sleep) were collected via the Oura Ring. RESULTS Statistically significant reductions were found in self-reported levels of stress (P=.005), anxiety (P=.01), and pregnancy anxiety (P<.0001). Hierarchical linear modeling revealed a statistically significant reduction in the physiological data reflective of stress in 1 of 6 heart rate variability metrics, the low-frequency power band, which decreased by 13% (P=.006). A total of 65% of study participants (n=13) reported their sleep improved during the trial, and 95% (n=19) stated that learning mindfulness helped with other aspects of their lives. Participant retention was 100%, with 65% of participants (n=13) completing about two-thirds of the intervention, and 50% of participants (n=10) completing ≥95%. CONCLUSIONS This study found evidence to support the Headspace app as an effective intervention to aid in stress and anxiety reduction during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Balsam
- School of Nursing, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Dawn T Bounds
- Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Amir M Rahmani
- Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Adeline Nyamathi
- Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Giordano F, Mitrotti A, Losurdo A, Esposito F, Granata A, Pesino A, Rossini M, Natale P, Dileo V, Fiorentino M, Gesualdo L. Effect of music therapy intervention on anxiety and pain during percutaneous renal biopsy: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Kidney J 2023; 16:2721-2727. [PMID: 38046004 PMCID: PMC10689136 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) may subject patients to emotional distress and pain before and during the biopsy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of complementary/non-pharmacological interventions such as music therapy (MT) on anxiety, pain and satisfaction in renal patients undergoing PRB. Methods A prospective, single-centre, single-blind, randomized controlled two-arm trial was conducted. Patients ≥18 years of age, hospitalized at the Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit (Bari, Italy) and scheduled for PRB were screened. Participants were assigned to standard treatment (CG) or to the music therapy (MT) intervention group. Participants in the MT group received standard care and an MT intervention by a certified music therapist qualified in guided imagery and music. The CG patients received the standard of care. MT and CG patients were subjected to identical measurements (pre/post) of the parameters in the State Trait Anxiety Inventory Y1 (STAI-Y1), visual analogue scale for pain (VAS-P) and satisfaction (VAS-S) and heart rate variability. Results A statistically significant difference in the anxiety scores after PRB between MT and CG patients (STAI-Y1 35.4 ± 6.2 versus 42.9 ± 9.0) was observed. MT also had strong and significant effects on VAS-P compared with CG (5.0 ± 1.4 versus 6.3 ± 1.3, respectively; P < .001) and VAS-S (7.8 ± 1.0 versus 6.0 ± 0.9, respectively; P < .001). Decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system and increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system was observed after PRB in the MT group. Conclusion Our study supports the use of MT to mitigate the psychological anxiety, pain and sympathetic activation associated with PRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Giordano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Adele Mitrotti
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonia Losurdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Granata
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, “Cannizzaro” Emergency Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pesino
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Rossini
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Natale
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Dileo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorentino
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Flory S, Guglielmini S, Scholkmann F, Marcar VL, Wolf M. How our hearts beat together: a study on physiological synchronization based on a self-paced joint motor task. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11987. [PMID: 37491507 PMCID: PMC10368740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac physiological synchrony is regarded as an important component of social interaction due to its putative role in prosocial behaviour. Yet, the processes underlying physiological synchrony remain unclear. We aim to investigate these processes. 20 dyads (19 men, 21 women, age range 18-35) engaged in a self-paced interpersonal tapping synchronization task under different levels of tapping synchrony due to blocking of sensory communication channels. Applying wavelet transform coherence analysis, significant increases in heart rate synchronization from baseline to task execution were found with no statistically significant difference across conditions. Furthermore, the control analysis, which assessed synchrony between randomly combined dyads of participants showed no difference from the original dyads' synchrony. We showed that interindividual cardiac physiological synchrony during self-paced synchronized finger tapping resulted from a task-related stimulus equally shared by all individuals. We hypothesize that by applying mental effort to the task, individuals changed into a similar mental state, altering their cardiac regulation. This so-called psychophysiological mode provoked more uniform, less variable fluctuation patterns across all individuals leading to similar heart rate coherence independent of subsequent pairings. With this study, we provide new insights into cardiac physiological synchrony and highlight the importance of appropriate study design and control analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Flory
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sabino Guglielmini
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neurophotonics and Biosignal Processing Research Group, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valentine L Marcar
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Zürich, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wolf
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Wang JJ, Liu SH, Tsai CH, Manousakas I, Zhu X, Lee TL. Signal Quality Analysis of Single-Arm Electrocardiography. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5818. [PMID: 37447668 DOI: 10.3390/s23135818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The number of people experiencing mental stress or emotional dysfunction has increased since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, as many individuals have had to adapt their daily lives. Numerous studies have demonstrated that mental health disorders can pose a risk for certain diseases, and they are also closely associated with the problem of mental workload. Now, wearable devices and mobile health applications are being utilized to monitor and assess individuals' mental health conditions on a daily basis using heart rate variability (HRV), typically measured by the R-to-R wave interval (RRI) of an electrocardiogram (ECG). However, portable or wearable ECG devices generally require two electrodes to perform bipolar limb leads, such as the Einthoven triangle. This study aims to develop a single-arm ECG measurement method, with lead I ECG serving as the gold standard. We conducted static and dynamic experiments to analyze the morphological performance and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the single-arm ECG. Three morphological features were defined, RRI, the duration of the QRS complex wave, and the amplitude of the R wave. Thirty subjects participated in this study. The results indicated that RRI exhibited the highest cross-correlation (R = 0.9942) between the single-arm ECG and lead I ECG, while the duration of the QRS complex wave showed the weakest cross-correlation (R = 0.2201). The best SNR obtained was 26.1 ± 5.9 dB during the resting experiment, whereas the worst SNR was 12.5 ± 5.1 dB during the raising and lowering of the arm along the z-axis. This single-arm ECG measurement method offers easier operation compared to traditional ECG measurement techniques, making it applicable for HRV measurement and the detection of an irregular RRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jung Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hong Liu
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Ioannis Manousakas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Xin Zhu
- Division of Information Systems, School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu City 965-8580, Japan
| | - Thung-Lip Lee
- Department of Cardiology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
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Gellisch M, Morosan-Puopolo G, Wolf OT, Moser DA, Zaehres H, Brand-Saberi B. Interactive teaching enhances students' physiological arousal during online learning. Ann Anat 2023; 247:152050. [PMID: 36693546 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The pure transfer of face-to-face teaching to a digital learning environment can be accompanied by a significant reduction in the physiological arousal of students, which in turn can be associated with passivity during the learning process, often linked to insufficient levels of concentration and engagement in the course work. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether students' psychobiological stress responses can be enhanced in the context of anatomical online learning and how increased physiological parameters correlate with characteristics of learning experiences in a digital learning environment. Healthy first-year medical students (n = 104) experienced a regular practical course in Microscopic Anatomy either in face-to-face learning, in passive online learning or in an interaction-enhanced version of online learning. Compared to passive online learning, students engaged in the interaction-enhanced version of online learning displayed a significantly reduced Heart Rate Variability (P 0.001, partial η2 = 0.381) along with a strong increase in salivary cortisol (P 0.001, partial η2 = 0.179) and salivary alpha-amylase activity (P 0.001, partial η2 = 0.195). These results demonstrated that the physiological arousal of students engaged in online learning can be enhanced via interactive teaching methods and pointed towards clear correlations between higher physiological responses and elementary criteria of learning experience such as engagement and attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris Gellisch
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Gabriela Morosan-Puopolo
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Oliver T Wolf
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk A Moser
- Department of Genetic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Holm Zaehres
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Beate Brand-Saberi
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Mixter S, Mathiassen SE, Jahncke H, Hygge S, Lyskov E, Hallman DM, Lewis C. Effects of Combining Occupationally Relevant Physical and Cognitive Tasks. A Systematic Review. Ann Work Expo Health 2023; 67:303-319. [PMID: 36469430 PMCID: PMC10015802 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxac082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical and cognitive tasks occur together in many occupations. Previous reviews of combined tasks have mainly focused on their effects in a sports context. This review investigated to which extent combinations (concurrent or alternating) of occupationally relevant physical and cognitive tasks influence responses reflecting biomechanical exposure, stress, fatigue, performance, and well-being. METHODS We searched Scopus, Pubmed, Cinahl, and Psychinfo for controlled experiments investigating the effects of combinations of occupationally relevant physical and cognitive tasks in participants aged 18 to 70. In total, we identified 12 447 records. We added recent papers that had cited these studies (n = 573) to arrive at a total of 13 020 publications. After screening for relevance, 61 studies remained, of which 57 were classified to be of medium or high quality. Of the 57 studies, 51 addressed concurrent tasks, 5 alternating tasks, and 1 both concurrent and alternating tasks. RESULTS Most studies of concurrent physical and cognitive tasks reported negative effects, if numerically small, on indicators of biomechanical exposure, fatigue, and performance, compared to a physical task alone. Results were mixed for stress indicators, and well-being was too little studied to justify any conclusions. Effects depended on the tasks, including their intensity and complexity. Alternating physical and cognitive tasks did not appear to influence outcomes much, compared to having passive breaks in-between physical tasks. CONCLUSIONS The reviewed evidence indicated that concurrent physical and cognitive work tasks have negative, yet small effects on biomechanical indicators, fatigue and performance, compared to performing the physical task alone, but only if the physical task is intense, and the cognitive task is complex. Alternating between physical and cognitive tasks may have similar effects as breaking up physical tasks by passive breaks, but studies were few. Future studies should address ecologically valid combinations of physical and cognitive tasks, in particular in controlled field studies devoted to the long-term effects of combined work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Mixter
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, 801 76 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, 801 76 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Helena Jahncke
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, 801 76 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Staffan Hygge
- Department of Building, Energy, and Environmental Engineering, University of Gävle, 801 76 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Eugene Lyskov
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, 801 76 Gävle, Sweden
| | - David M Hallman
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, 801 76 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Lewis
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
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10
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Comparing prenatal and postpartum stress among women with previous adverse pregnancy outcomes and normal obstetric histories: A longitudinal cohort study. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2023; 35:100820. [PMID: 36774741 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2023.100820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare subjectively and objectively measured stress during pregnancy and the three months postpartum in women with previous adverse pregnancy outcomes and women with normal obstetric histories. METHODS We recruited two cohorts in southwestern Finland for this longitudinal study: (1) pregnant women (n = 32) with histories of preterm births or late miscarriages January-December 2019 and (2) pregnant women (n = 30) with histories of full-term births October 2019-March 2020. We continuously measured heart rate variability (HRV) using a smartwatch from 12 to 15 weeks of pregnancy until three months postpartum, and subjective stress was assessed with a smartphone application. RESULTS We recruited the women in both cohorts at a median of 14.2 weeks of pregnancy. The women with previous adverse pregnancy outcomes delivered earlier and more often through Caesarean section compared with the women with normal obstetric histories. We found differences in subjective stress between the cohorts in pregnancy weeks 29 and 34. The cohort of women with previous adverse pregnancy outcomes had a higher root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats (RMSSD), a well-known HRV parameter, compared with the other cohort in pregnancy weeks 26 (64.9 vs 55.0, p = 0.04) and 32 (63.0 vs 52.3, p = 0.04). Subjective stress did not correlate with HRV parameters. CONCLUSIONS Women with previous adverse pregnancy outcomes do not suffer from stress in subsequent pregnancies more than women with normal obstetric histories. Healthcare professionals need to be aware that interindividual variation in stress during pregnancy is considerable.
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Emadikhalaf M, Ghods AA, Sotodeh-Asl N, Mirmohamadkhani M, Vaismoradi M. Effects of rose and lavender scents on nurses' job stress: A randomized controlled trial. Explore (NY) 2023; 19:371-375. [PMID: 36646611 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A high percentage of nurses working in hospitals suffer from job stress and related psychological problems. This study aimed to examine and compare the effects of aromatherapy using lavender and rose essential oils on nurses' job stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized placebo controlled trial was conducted on 118 eligible nurses who were randomly assigned into three groups of lavender (n = 39), rose (n = 40), and sesame seed as placebo (n = 39). The nurses received lavender and rose scents for two hours a day during four weeks. The Gray-Toft and Anderson's Nursing Stress Scale (NSS) was used to measure job stress before the interventions on the first day, and at the end of the second and fourth weeks. Descriptive and inferential statistics tests were used for data analysis. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS No statistically significant differences between the groups in job stress before the interventions and at the end of the second week were observed. There were statistically significant differences between the groups at the end of the fourth week (p <0.003). Aromatherapy using rose scent had a positive effect on the nurses' job stress at the end of the fourth week compared to the placebo (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Aromatherapy using rose scent is a safe and non-pharmacologic method that can be used by nurses for improving their own comfort at the workplace. It can reduce nurses' overreliance on medications for relieving the symptoms of job stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Asghar Ghods
- Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Nemat Sotodeh-Asl
- Department of Psychology, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Majid Mirmohamadkhani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Vaismoradi
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, Norway; Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia.
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12
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Curiel-Regueros A, Fernández-Lucas J, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Psychophysiological Stress Status of Soldiers Prior to an Operative Deployment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192013637. [PMID: 36294217 PMCID: PMC9603038 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An anticipatory stress response develops before an internal or external stimulus, which initiates a homeostasis process through a chain of responses that enable human organisms to face different threats, thus allowing them to adapt to a continuous and eliciting environment. In the current research, we analyzed the psychophysiological anticipatory anxiety response of professional soldiers prior to a real mission in an actual theater of operation. Autonomic modulation through the heart rate variability values, muscular strength manifestation, and psychological stress of 53 military personnel of Army Airmobile Forces (age: M = 35.4 years, SD = 5.88 years; height: M = 1.75 m, SD = 6.87 cm; body mass: M = 77.33 kg, SD = 11.95 kg; military duty = 14.44 years, SD = 6.43; military operation experience = 4 months, SD = 4.25 months) and a control group of 33 civil participants were analyzed. The military personnel presented significant differences in some HRV values related to the activation of sympathetic systems. We found that the military personnel presented an anticipatory anxiety response only at an autonomic level, showing an increased sympathetic modulation, but not at a psychological level, since their anxiety levels were not significantly different than those of the control civilians. In addition, this anticipatory anxiety response did not affect muscular strength manifestation, as it presented no significant differences between the military personnel and the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Curiel-Regueros
- Faculty of Sport Science, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo, s/n, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
| | - Jesús Fernández-Lucas
- Applied Biotechnology Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Urbanización El Bosque, Calle Tajo, s/n, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
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13
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Maharjan A, Khwaounjoo P, Peng M, Cakmak YO. Non-contact neuromodulation of the human autonomic nervous system function via different odors: Sex, menstrual cycle, and odor dose- and duration-specific effects. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:950282. [PMID: 36312014 PMCID: PMC9596915 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.950282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, it has been uncovered that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) can be influenced using non-contact neuromodulation via odor stimulation. Increasing parasympathetic-vagal activation of the ANS is integral to improving the sympathovagal balance between the sympathetic- and parasympathetic nervous systems, which is often imbalanced in several chronic inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Although research into olfactory stimulation has been observed on the ANS, it is still lacking in the exploration of odor concentration and odor-specific effects. This is particularly the case as research has not utilized specified tools, such as the olfactometer to provide precise odor delivery. Furthermore, no research has compared the results in separate sex cohorts to investigate the role of sex or the menstrual stage on the subsequent interactions. In this study, we investigated the olfactory stimulation effects of four natural odors (mushroom, lavender, jasmine, and rose) in three concentrations (low, moderate, and high) on the ANS. To observe activity from the ANS, we used an electrocardiogram (ECG) based heart rate variability (HRV) and eye-tracker technology (pupil diameter). We found for the first time in literature that there were acute dose- and duration-specific odor effects of odors on the ANS. We also found sex and menstrual cycle effects in this interaction. Furthermore, there were stark distinctions in sympathovagal activity dependent ANS activation (HRV) in comparison to the oculomotor nerve-parasympathetic/cervical sympathetic nerves dependent ANS responses (pupil diameter). Sympathovagal activity dependent HRV showed odor, sex, and menstrual-stage interactions in both divisions of the ANS while the pupil responses only indicated increased sympathetic activation. These results shed light on the use of odor-specific stimulation to modulate the ANS activity in the context of sex and the menstrual stage. Future studies should be performed using a chronic odor delivery design to investigate the long-term effects of odors on the ANS. Clinical trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, identifier [ACTRN12622000415707].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashim Maharjan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Prashanna Khwaounjoo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mei Peng
- Sensory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Yusuf Ozgur Cakmak
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence, Auckland, New Zealand
- Brain Health Research Centre, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Point of Care Technologies, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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14
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Tarasenko A, Guazzotti S, Minot T, Oganesyan M, Vysokov N. Determination of the Effects of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on the Heart Rate Variability Using a Machine Learning Pipeline. Bioelectricity 2022; 4:168-177. [PMID: 36168512 PMCID: PMC9508455 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2021.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We are all aware of day-to-day healthy stress, but, when sustained for long periods, stress is believed to lead to serious physical and mental health issues. Materials and Methods In this study, we investigated the potential effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on stress processing as reflected in the electrocardiogram (ECG)-derived biomarkers of stress adaptability. Stress reflecting biomarkers included a range of heart rate variability metrics: standard deviation of N-N intervals (SDNN), root mean squared of successive differences in heartbeat intervals (RMSSD), low-frequency component, high-frequency component and their ratio (LF, HF, and LF/HF).In addition, we created a machine learning model capable of distinguishing between the stimulated and nonstimulated conditions from the ECG-derive data from various subjects and states. The model consisted of a deep convolutional neural network, which was trained on R-R interval (RRI) data extracted from ECG and time traces of LF, HF, LF/HF, SDNN, and RMSSD. Results Only LF/HF ratio demonstrated a statistically significant change in response to stimulation. Although the LF/HF ratio is expected to increase during exposure to stress, we have observed that stimulation during exposure to stress counteracts this increase or even reduces the LF/HF ratio. This could be an indication that the vagus nerve stimulation decreases the sympathetic activation during stress inducement.Our Machine Learning model achieved an accuracy of 70% with no significant variations across the three states (baseline, stress, and recovery). However, training an analogous neural network to identify the states (baseline, stress, and recovery) proved to be unsuccessful. Conclusion Overall, in this study, we showed further evidence of the beneficial effect of taVNS on stress processing. Importantly we have also demonstrated the promising potential of ECG metrics as a biomarker for the development of closed-loop stimulation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Guazzotti
- BrainPatch Ltd., London, United Kingdom.,School of Physics and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Nickolai Vysokov
- BrainPatch Ltd., London, United Kingdom.,Address correspondence to: Nickolai Vysokov, PhD, BrainPatch Ltd., Unit 324, Edinburgh House, 170 Kennington Lane, London SE11 5DP, United Kingdom
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15
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Gellisch M, Wolf OT, Minkley N, Kirchner WH, Brüne M, Brand-Saberi B. Decreased sympathetic cardiovascular influences and hormone-physiological changes in response to Covid-19-related adaptations under different learning environments. ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2022; 15:811-826. [PMID: 35968688 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To examine the implications of the transition from face-to-face to online learning from a psychobiological perspective, this study investigated potential differences in physiological stress parameters of students engaged in online or face-to-face learning and determined whether these can be identified as possible mediators between learning experience and achievement emotions. In a randomized experimental field study, medical students (n = 82) attended either regular face-to-face classes of the microscopic anatomy course or the same practical course online using Zoom videoconferencing platform. The present study investigated Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and salivary cortisol concentration as stress correlates, within the contexts of online and face-to-face learning and compared these parameters with a control group that was measured at rest. Additionally, participants completed a standardized questionnaire about their experienced emotions in relation to task achievement and subjective stress levels. A significant reduction in HRV was found in face-to-face learning, suggesting stronger stress responses in the face-to-face learning environment (η2 = 0.421, P < 0.001). Furthermore, participants engaged in face-to-face learning showed significantly higher cortisol concentrations (η2 = 0.115, P = 0.032). Additionally, increased sympathetic activation correlated with the discrete positive emotion of enjoyment exclusively within the face-to-face condition (r = 0.365, P = 0.043). These results indicate that the transfer of a face-to-face practical course in microscopic anatomy to an online learning environment is associated with decreased sympathetic and enhanced vagal cardiovascular influences, together with lower cortisol concentrations in healthy medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris Gellisch
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Oliver T Wolf
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nina Minkley
- Behavioral Biology and Biology Education, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Kirchner
- Behavioral Biology and Biology Education, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Brüne
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Psychiatric Preventive Medicine, Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL) University Hospital of Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Beate Brand-Saberi
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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16
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Lee J, Kim C, Lee KC. An Empirical Approach to Analyzing the Effects of Stress on Individual Creativity in Business Problem-Solving: Emphasis on the Electrocardiogram, Electroencephalogram Methodology. Front Psychol 2022; 13:705442. [PMID: 35391973 PMCID: PMC8983065 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.705442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, experiments were conducted on 30 subjects by means of electrocardiogram (ECG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) methodologies as well as a money game to examine the effects of stress on creativity in business problem-solving. The study explained the relationship between creativity and human physiological response using the biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat. The subjects were asked to perform a cognitive mapping task. Based on the brain wave theory, we identified the types of brain waves and locations of brain activities that occurred during the creative problem-solving process in a business environment and studied the effects of stress on creativity. The results of the experiments showed significant differences in creativity in business problem-solving depending on whether or not stress was triggered. Differences were found in the time domain (SDNN, RMSSD) and frequency domain (HF, LF/HF ratio) of heart rates, a physiological stress indicator, between the stress group and the no-stress group. A brain wave analysis confirmed that alpha waves increased in the frontal lobe of the brain during creative business problem-solving but decreased when the subjects were under stress, during which beta waves in the brain increased. This study seeks to examine creativity in business problem-solving by studying the effects of stress on human physiological response and cognitive functions in the hope of providing a new and objective interpretation of existing research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwoo Lee
- SKK Business School, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheong Kim
- SKK Business School, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Economics Department, Airports Council International (ACI) World, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kun Chang Lee
- SKK Business School, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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Severs L, Vlemincx E, Ramirez JM. The psychophysiology of the sigh: I: The sigh from the physiological perspective. Biol Psychol 2022; 170:108313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Spang RP, Pieper K. The tiny effects of respiratory masks on physiological, subjective, and behavioral measures under mental load in a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19601. [PMID: 34599253 PMCID: PMC8486780 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), face coverings are recommended to diminish person-to-person transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Some public debates concern claims regarding risks caused by wearing face masks, like, e.g., decreased blood oxygen levels and impaired cognitive capabilities. The present, pre-registered study aims to contribute clarity by delivering a direct comparison of wearing an N95 respirator and wearing no face covering. We focused on a demanding situation to show that cognitive efficacy and individual states are equivalent in both conditions. We conducted a randomized-controlled crossover trial with 44 participants. Participants performed the task while wearing an N95 FFR versus wearing none. We measured physiological (blood oxygen saturation and heart rate variability), behavioral (parameters of performance in the task), and subjective (perceived mental load) data to substantiate our assumption as broadly as possible. We analyzed data regarding both statistical equivalence and differences. All of the investigated dimensions showed statistical equivalence given our pre-registered equivalence boundaries. None of the dimensions showed a significant difference between wearing an FFR and not wearing an FFR.Trial Registration: Preregistered with the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/c2xp5 (15/11/2020). Retrospectively registered with German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00024806 (18/03/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Spang
- Quality and Usability Lab, Institute of Software Engineering and Theoretical Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Pieper
- Quality and Usability Lab, Institute of Software Engineering and Theoretical Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Kim JY, Kim HS, Kim DJ, Im SK, Kim MS. Identification of Video Game Addiction Using Heart-Rate Variability Parameters. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21144683. [PMID: 34300423 PMCID: PMC8309595 DOI: 10.3390/s21144683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine heart rate variability (HRV) parameters that can quantitatively characterize game addiction by using electrocardiograms (ECGs). 23 subjects were classified into two groups prior to the experiment, 11 game-addicted subjects, and 12 non-addicted subjects, using questionnaires (CIUS and IAT). Various HRV parameters were tested to identify the addicted subject. The subjects played the League of Legends game for 30–40 min. The experimenter measured ECG during the game at various window sizes and specific events. Moreover, correlation and factor analyses were used to find the most effective parameters. A logistic regression equation was formed to calculate the accuracy in diagnosing addicted and non-addicted subjects. The most accurate set of parameters was found to be pNNI20, RMSSD, and LF in the 30 s after the “being killed” event. The logistic regression analysis provided an accuracy of 69.3% to 70.3%. AUC values in this study ranged from 0.654 to 0.677. This study can be noted as an exploratory step in the quantification of game addiction based on the stress response that could be used as an objective diagnostic method in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yong Kim
- Department of HCI, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan-si 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (J.-Y.K.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Hea-Sol Kim
- Department of HCI, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan-si 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (J.-Y.K.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Dong-Joon Kim
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan-si 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sung-Kyun Im
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan-si 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Mi-Sook Kim
- Department of Clothing and Textiles, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
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20
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Lee KFA, Gan WS, Christopoulos G. Biomarker-Informed Machine Learning Model of Cognitive Fatigue from a Heart Rate Response Perspective. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21113843. [PMID: 34199416 PMCID: PMC8199616 DOI: 10.3390/s21113843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive fatigue is a psychological state characterised by feelings of tiredness and impaired cognitive functioning arising from high cognitive demands. This paper examines the recent research progress on the assessment of cognitive fatigue and provides informed recommendations for future research. Traditionally, cognitive fatigue is introspectively assessed through self-report or objectively inferred from a decline in behavioural performance. However, more recently, researchers have attempted to explore the biological underpinnings of cognitive fatigue to understand and measure this phenomenon. In particular, there is evidence indicating that the imbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous activity appears to be a physiological correlate of cognitive fatigue. This imbalance has been indexed through various heart rate variability indices that have also been proposed as putative biomarkers of cognitive fatigue. Moreover, in contrast to traditional inferential methods, there is also a growing research interest in using data-driven approaches to assessing cognitive fatigue. The ubiquity of wearables with the capability to collect large amounts of physiological data appears to be a major facilitator in the growth of data-driven research in this area. Preliminary findings indicate that such large datasets can be used to accurately predict cognitive fatigue through various machine learning approaches. Overall, the potential of combining domain-specific knowledge gained from biomarker research with machine learning approaches should be further explored to build more robust predictive models of cognitive fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar Fye Alvin Lee
- Smart Nation Translational Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
- Correspondence:
| | - Woon-Seng Gan
- Smart Nation Translational Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
| | - Georgios Christopoulos
- Decision, Environmental and Organizational Neuroscience Lab (DeonLab), Nanyang Business School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
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21
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Xu J, Chen W. Impact of Water Temperature on Heart Rate Variability during Bathing. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11050378. [PMID: 33922202 PMCID: PMC8145520 DOI: 10.3390/life11050378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) is affected by many factors. This paper aims to explore the impact of water temperature (WT) on HRV during bathing. Methods: The bathtub WT was preset at three conditions: i.e., low WT (36–38 °C), medium WT (38–40 °C), and high WT (40–42 °C), respectively. Ten subjects participated in the data collection. Each subject collected five electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings at each preset bathtub WT condition. Each recording was 18 min long with a sampling rate of 200 Hz. In total, 150 ECG recordings and 150 WT recordings were collected. Twenty HRV features were calculated using 1-min ECG segments each time. The k-means clustering analysis method was used to analyze the rough trends based on the preset WT. Analyses of the significant differences were performed using the multivariate analysis of variance of t-tests, and the mean and standard deviation (SD) of each HRV feature based on the WT were calculated. Results: The statistics show that with increasing WT, 11 HRV features are significantly (p < 0.05) and monotonously reduced, four HRV features are significantly (p < 0.05) and monotonously rising, two HRV features are rising first and then reduced, two HRV features (fuzzy and approximate entropy) are almost unchanged, and vLF power is rising. Conclusion: The WT has an important impact on HRV during bathing. The findings in the present work reveal an important physiological factor that affects the dynamic changes of HRV and contribute to better quantitative analyses of HRV in future research works.
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22
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Brusaca LA, Barbieri DF, Beltrame T, Milan-Mattos JC, Catai AM, Oliveira AB. Cardiac autonomic responses to different tasks in office workers with access to a sit-stand table - a study in real work setting. ERGONOMICS 2021; 64:354-365. [PMID: 32985949 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2020.1830184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterise the cardiac autonomic modulation of different office tasks performed by office workers with access to a sit-stand table. Heart rate variability (HRV) of 24 office workers was measured for two hours during three days in the last week of sit-stand table use. HRV indexes and the percentage of heart rate reserve (%HRR) were calculated during computer and non-computer work tasks while sitting or standing, non-computer tasks away from the work desk, and informal work breaks. All cardiac autonomic responses demonstrated a statistically significant interaction effect between the tasks (all p < 0.05) except for the logarithmically-transformed high frequency power (ln HF ms2; p = 0.14). Tasks performed while standing and away from the desk had higher sympathetic modulation; in addition, the observed higher %HRR demonstrated that these tasks were more physically demanding in comparison to other tasks. Practitioner Summary: Prior reports indicated benefits based on alternated body postures using sit-stand table. Nevertheless, the cardiac autonomic responses of different tasks performed by office workers are unknown. This cross-sectional study showed that different tasks stimulate the cardiac autonomic nervous system in different ways, which could bring positive effects to the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Augusto Brusaca
- Department of Physical Therapy, Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Dechristian França Barbieri
- Department of Physical Therapy, Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Thomas Beltrame
- Department of Physical Therapy, Cardiovascular Physical Therapy Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
- The Institute of Computing, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Ibirapuera - UNIB, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cristina Milan-Mattos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Cardiovascular Physical Therapy Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Aparecida Maria Catai
- Department of Physical Therapy, Cardiovascular Physical Therapy Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Oliveira
- Department of Physical Therapy, Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
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23
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Bari R, Rahman MM, Saleheen N, Parsons MB, Buder EH, Kumar S. Automated Detection of Stressful Conversations Using Wearable Physiological and Inertial Sensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4. [PMID: 34099995 DOI: 10.1145/3432210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Stressful conversation is a frequently occurring stressor in our daily life. Stressors not only adversely affect our physical and mental health but also our relationships with family, friends, and coworkers. In this paper, we present a model to automatically detect stressful conversations using wearable physiological and inertial sensors. We conducted a lab and a field study with cohabiting couples to collect ecologically valid sensor data with temporally-precise labels of stressors. We introduce the concept of stress cycles, i.e., the physiological arousal and recovery, within a stress event. We identify several novel features from stress cycles and show that they exhibit distinguishing patterns during stressful conversations when compared to physiological response due to other stressors. We observe that hand gestures also show a distinct pattern when stress occurs due to stressful conversations. We train and test our model using field data collected from 38 participants. Our model can determine whether a detected stress event is due to a stressful conversation with an F1-score of 0.83, using features obtained from only one stress cycle, facilitating intervention delivery within 3.9 minutes since the start of a stressful conversation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rummana Bari
- University of Memphis, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA
| | | | - Nazir Saleheen
- University of Memphis, Computer Science, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Eugene H Buder
- University of Memphis, Communication Science and Disorder, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- University of Memphis, Computer Science, Memphis, TN, USA
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24
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Oh DJ, Kim SR, Kim EY, Baik MJ. Comparison of Autonomic Reactivity to the Stress between Adjustment Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17:1175-1181. [PMID: 33301669 PMCID: PMC8560334 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adjustment disorder (AD) remains an ambiguous diagnosis that overlaps with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study compared autonomic reactivity to the stress between AD and MDD to test for biological differences. METHODS Physically healthy Korean male soldiers admitted to a psychiatric ward were recruited for participation. Clinical diagnoses indicated that 62 patients with AD and 47 with MDD were selected. Procedures consisted of electrocardiogram measurements according to three consecutive phases lasting five minutes each [i.e., resting, stress (including a mental arithmetic task and Stroop color word test), and recovery]. RESULTS The reactive trends of all heart rate variability (HRV) parameters related to the stress tasks in participants with AD did not differ from those with MDD. High-frequency HRV (a proxy of parasympathetic activity) increased during times of stress for participants with AD and MDD. Despite similar reactive trends, AD participants had higher HRV values than participants with MDD during whole phases, particularly for variables reflecting overall autonomic activity. CONCLUSION AD is associated with higher basal activity in the autonomous nervous system when compared to MDD. However, both are associated with pathophysiology indicating an altered autonomic reactivity to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Jong Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Rom Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Mental Health Center, Seoul National University Health Care Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Human Systems Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jae Baik
- Gyeonggi Provincial Mental Health Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Stress-Related Responses to Alternations between Repetitive Physical Work and Cognitive Tasks of Different Difficulties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228509. [PMID: 33212862 PMCID: PMC7698406 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Alternating between physical and cognitive tasks has been proposed as an alternative in job rotation, allowing workers to recover from the physical work while still being productive. However, effects of such alternations on stress have not been investigated. This controlled experiment aimed at determining the extent to which stress-related responses develop during alternating physical and cognitive work, and to determine the extent to which cognitive task (CT) difficulty influences these responses. Fifteen women performed three sessions of 10 consecutive work bouts each including a seven-minute repetitive physical task (pipetting) and a three-minute CT (n-back) at one of three difficulty levels. Stress was assessed in terms of changes in heart rate variability, blood pressure, salivary alpha-amylase, salivary cortisol, perceived stress, and cognitive performance. The work session did not result in any marked stress response, and CT difficulty did not significantly influence stress, apart from alpha-amylase being higher at the easiest CT (F = 5.34, p = 0.02). Thus, according to our results, alternating between repetitive physical tasks and cognitive tasks may be a feasible alternative to classic job rotation between physical tasks only, even if the cognitive task is quite difficult. Future studies should address possible effects of the temporal pattern of alternations, and combine even other occupationally relevant tasks, preferably for extended periods of time.
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Kerr JI, Naegelin M, Weibel RP, Ferrario A, La Marca R, von Wangenheim F, Hoelscher C, Schinazi VR. The effects of acute work stress and appraisal on psychobiological stress responses in a group office environment. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 121:104837. [PMID: 32961507 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence of office stress and its detrimental health consequences are of concern to individuals, employers and society at large. Laboratory studies investigating office stress have mostly relied on data from participants that were tested individually on abstract tasks. In this study, we examined the effect of psychosocial office stress and work interruptions on the psychobiological stress response in a realistic but controlled group office environment. We also explored the role of cognitive stress appraisal as an underlying mechanism mediating the relationship between work stressors and the stress response. METHODS AND MATERIALS Ninety participants (44 female; mean age 23.11 ± 3.80) were randomly assigned to either a control condition or one of two experimental conditions in which they were exposed to psychosocial stress with or without prior work interruptions in a realistic multi-participant laboratory setting. To induce psychosocial stress, we adapted the Trier Social Stress Test for Groups to an office environment. Throughout the experiment, we continuously monitored heart rate and heart rate variability. Participants repeatedly reported on their current mood, calmness, wakefulness and perceived stress and gave saliva samples to assess changes in salivary cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase. Additionally, cognitive appraisal of the psychosocial stress test was evaluated. RESULTS Our analyses revealed significant group differences for most outcomes during or immediately after the stress test (i.e., mood, calmness, perceived stress, salivary cortisol, heart rate, heart rate variability) and during recovery (i.e., salivary cortisol and heart rate). Interestingly, the condition that experienced work interruptions showed a higher increase of cortisol levels but appraised the stress test as less threatening than individuals that experienced only psychosocial stress. Exploratory mediation analyses revealed a blunted response in subjective measures of stress, which was partially explained by the differences in threat appraisal. DISCUSSION The results showed that experimentally induced work stress led to significant responses of subjective measures of stress, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the autonomic nervous system. However, there appears to be a discrepancy between the psychological and biological responses to preceding work interruptions. Appraising psychosocial stress as less threatening but still as challenging could be an adaptive way of coping and reflect a state of engagement and eustress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine I Kerr
- Mobiliar Lab for Analytics, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 56/58, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Chair of Technology Marketing, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 56/58, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Chair of Cognitive Science, Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zurich, Clausiusstrasse 59, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mara Naegelin
- Mobiliar Lab for Analytics, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 56/58, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Chair of Technology Marketing, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 56/58, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raphael P Weibel
- Mobiliar Lab for Analytics, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 56/58, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Chair of Technology Marketing, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 56/58, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Ferrario
- Mobiliar Lab for Analytics, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 56/58, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Chair of Technology Marketing, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 56/58, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto La Marca
- Chair of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestrasse 14, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland; Clinica Holistica Engiadina, Plaz 40, 7542 Susch, Switzerland
| | - Florian von Wangenheim
- Chair of Technology Marketing, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 56/58, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hoelscher
- Chair of Cognitive Science, Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zurich, Clausiusstrasse 59, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Victor R Schinazi
- Chair of Cognitive Science, Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zurich, Clausiusstrasse 59, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, Bond University, 14 University Drive, Robina Queensland 4226, Australia
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Ernst G, Watne LO, Rostrup M, Neerland BE. Delirium in patients with hip fracture is associated with increased heart rate variability. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:2311-2318. [PMID: 31916197 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01447-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart rate variability (HRV) is a method to assess the autonomic nervous system and reflects possibly central brain states. HRV has previously not been examined in patients with hip fracture and delirium. AIMS To explore HRV parameters in hip fracture patients with and without delirium. METHODS Patients admitted to Oslo University Hospital with hip fracture and sinus rhythm in electrocardiogram (ECG) were included. Delirium was diagnosed using the confusion assessment method. HRV was assessed preoperatively after a relaxing period of five minutes, by measuring an ECG signal over 5 min. Parameters in time domain (the standard deviation of the QRS distances-SDNN) and frequency domain (total power (TP), low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and LF/HF ratio) were calculated. RESULTS Seventy-five patients were included in the study, and 21 of them had subsyndromal delirium and were excluded from the analysis. Fifty-four patients with a mean age of 83.5 years (SD 8.6, 78% females) were included. Twenty-six patients (48%) had preoperative delirium, 11 (20%) developed delirium postoperatively, whereas 17 (31%) never developed delirium. SDNN, TP and HF values were significantly higher in patients with delirium compared to patients without delirium, and LF and LF/HF were lower. Patients developing postoperative delirium had decreased LF and increased HF before symptom onset. DISCUSSION Increased SDNN, TP and HF and decreased LF values might reflect an abnormal stress response in delirium. CONCLUSION HRV measurements in patients with hip fractures provide additional information beyond heart rate and might be used to identify relevant pathophysiological factors in delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Ernst
- Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Kongsberg Hospital, Kongsberg, Norway.
- Psychological Institute, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Leiv Otto Watne
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Rostrup
- Section of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Erik Neerland
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Baez S, Patiño-Sáenz M, Martínez-Cotrina J, Aponte DM, Caicedo JC, Santamaría-García H, Pastor D, González-Gadea ML, Haissiner M, García AM, Ibáñez A. The impact of legal expertise on moral decision-making biases. HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 7:103. [PMID: 38989005 PMCID: PMC11230913 DOI: 10.1057/s41599-020-00595-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Traditional and mainstream legal frameworks conceive law primarily as a purely rational practice, free from affect or intuition. However, substantial evidence indicates that human decision-making depends upon diverse biases. We explored the manifestation of these biases through comparisons among 45 criminal judges, 60 criminal attorneys, and 64 controls. We examined whether these groups' decision-making patterns were influenced by (a) the information on the transgressor's mental state, (b) the use of gruesome language in harm descriptions, and (c) ongoing physiological states. Judges and attorneys were similar to controls in that they overestimated the damage caused by intentional harm relative to accidental harm. However, judges and attorneys were less biased towards punishments and harm severity ratings to accidental harms. Similarly, they were less influenced in their decisions by either language manipulations or physiological arousal. Our findings suggest that specific expertise developed in legal settings can attenuate some pervasive biases in moral decision processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Baez
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Michel Patiño-Sáenz
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Computación, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge Martínez-Cotrina
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Dinámica Social (CIDS), Salud, Conocimiento Médico y Sociedad, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diego Mauricio Aponte
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Dinámica Social (CIDS), Salud, Conocimiento Médico y Sociedad, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Carlos Caicedo
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Dinámica Social (CIDS), Salud, Conocimiento Médico y Sociedad, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hernando Santamaría-García
- Intellectus Memory and Cognition Center, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
- Departments of Physiology, Psychiatry and Aging Institute, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniel Pastor
- Instituto de Neurociencias y Derecho, INECO Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Derecho, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Luz González-Gadea
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Torcuato di Tella University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Haissiner
- Instituto de Neurociencias y Derecho, INECO Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Derecho, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Yale law School, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Adolfo M García
- Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Faculty of Education, National University of Cuyo (UNCuyo), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
- Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Bogotá, Colombia
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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Cardoso R, Meneses RF, Lumini-Oliveira J, Pestana P. Associations Between Teachers' Autonomic Dysfunction and Voice Complaints. J Voice 2020; 35:843-851. [PMID: 32345502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This investigation aimed to verify if there were any differences in autonomic nervous system function and voice parameters of teachers with and without voice complaints. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS The Questionnaire of Autonomic Dysfunction was answered by 24 teachers, 6 males, and 18 females, whose heart rate variability was also assessed. Aerodynamic assessment of voice, acoustic and auditory-perceptual analysis of voice were done. Participants were divided into two groups: without voice complaints (WVCG; n = 11) and with voice complaints (VCG; n = 13) based on the completion of the Sociodemographic and Clinical Questionnaire. RESULTS For auditory-perceptual analysis, VCG showed significantly higher values on GRBASH subscales Grade (P < 0.001) and Roughness (P = 0.011). Regarding the heart rate variability, it was found that in the VCG, the square root of the mean squared difference of successive RR intervals (RMSSD) and the percentage of adjacent NN intervals differing by more than 50 milliseconds (pNN50) were significantly lower than in the WVCG (P = 0.023 and P = 0.032, respectively). The VCG presented a higher occurrence of neurovegetative symptoms directly related to voice, namely in fluctuating nose obstruction (P = 0.011), neck pain (while or after speaking) (P = 0.017) and in fatigability when speaking (P = 0.004). Concerning the aerodynamic assessment of voice, acoustic analysis of voice and neurovegetative symptoms not directly related to voice, no statistically significant differences between groups were found. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicated significantly lower values in RMSSD and pNN50 of teachers VCG when compared with teachers WVCG and that the teachers VCG presented a higher occurrence of neurovegetative symptoms directly related to voice than the ones WVCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Cardoso
- Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal; Transdisciplinary Center of Consciousness Studies of Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal; FP-B2S - Behaviour and Social Sciences Research Center of Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rute F Meneses
- Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal; Transdisciplinary Center of Consciousness Studies of Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal; FP-B2S - Behaviour and Social Sciences Research Center of Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal; Longevity and Development Observatory of Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Lumini-Oliveira
- Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal; CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Porto University, Porto, Portugal; LABIOMEP - Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
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30
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Chen Y, Zhang L, Zhang B, Zhan CA. Short-term HRV in young adults for momentary assessment of acute mental stress. Biomed Signal Process Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2019.101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Prokofieva V, Kostromina S, Polevaia S, Fenouillet F. Understanding Emotion-Related Processes in Classroom Activities Through Functional Measurements. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2263. [PMID: 31708826 PMCID: PMC6819428 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve educational research focusing on such complex phenomenon as the interaction of emotion-related processes (affects) and students’ learning classroom activities, the collaboration between educational studies and neurosciences appears particularly relevant. Stress or “stress response” being an emotion-related psychological process (Gross, 2015) and having a neurobiological origin (Selye, 1956) is mostly studied in neurophysiological research using laboratory controlled objective measurements. One of such methods, heart rate variability (HRV) is considered as a reliable neurobiological correlate of stress response as the heart and the brain are directly and indirectly connected, which is advanced by the neurovisceral integration model (Thayer and Lane, 2000, 2009). This article presents an empirical research that uses a neurophysiological HRV method of wireless measurement of stress response in students of 11–12 years old (N = 12) during real-life classroom (oral and written) assessment activities and in five different lessons. The stress data were confronted to the analysis of the students’ behavior and the nature of classroom events through a video-based classroom observation. The results indicate that cardiovascular correlates of parasympathetic activity are instantaneous markers of stress response and correspond to real contextual elements of classroom assessment activities, among which the most stressful are writing a short test, an oral reply to the question of the teacher, putting up hand to reply, etc. The stressful factors were highlighted, grouped and ranked. The longest stress duration was registered for oral reply at the blackboard. The total stress duration covered 38.8% of time spent in the classroom. This finding suggests that classroom assessment activities are stressful in young students as possibly representing social evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Prokofieva
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Human and Artificial Cognitions, University Paris Nanterre, Paris, France
| | - Svetlana Kostromina
- Department of Psychology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sofia Polevaia
- Department of Neurophysiology, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Fabien Fenouillet
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Human and Artificial Cognitions, University Paris Nanterre, Paris, France
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Tiwari A, Albuquerque I, Parent M, Gagnon JF, Lafond D, Tremblay S, H. Falk T. Multi-Scale Heart Beat Entropy Measures for Mental Workload Assessment of Ambulant Users. ENTROPY 2019; 21:e21080783. [PMID: 33267496 PMCID: PMC7515312 DOI: 10.3390/e21080783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Mental workload assessment is crucial in many real life applications which require constant attention and where imbalance of mental workload resources may cause safety hazards. As such, mental workload and its relationship with heart rate variability (HRV) have been well studied in the literature. However, the majority of the developed models have assumed individuals are not ambulant, thus bypassing the issue of movement-related electrocardiography (ECG) artifacts and changing heart beat dynamics due to physical activity. In this work, multi-scale features for mental workload assessment of ambulatory users is explored. ECG data was sampled from users while they performed different types and levels of physical activity while performing the multi-attribute test battery (MATB-II) task at varying difficulty levels. Proposed features are shown to outperform benchmark ones and further exhibit complementarity when used in combination. Indeed, results show gains over the benchmark HRV measures of 24.41% in accuracy and of 27.97% in F1 score can be achieved even at high activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Tiwari
- Institut National de la Research Scientifique, Université du Québec, Montréal, QC H3A 0E7, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Isabela Albuquerque
- Institut National de la Research Scientifique, Université du Québec, Montréal, QC H3A 0E7, Canada
| | - Mark Parent
- Institut National de la Research Scientifique, Université du Québec, Montréal, QC H3A 0E7, Canada
| | | | - Daniel Lafond
- Thales Research and Technology, Québec, QC G1P 4P5, Canada
| | | | - Tiago H. Falk
- Institut National de la Research Scientifique, Université du Québec, Montréal, QC H3A 0E7, Canada
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Liu B, Yan S, Wang X, Xie L, Tong J, Zhao F, Di X, Yan X, Zhang J. An improved method to evaluate heart rate variability based on time-variant cardiorespiratory relation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:320-327. [PMID: 31219773 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00125.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive method to evaluate the autonomic nervous system (ANS), but the traditional parameters of HRV, i.e., the power spectra of the high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency bands (LF), cannot estimate the activity of the parasympathetic (PNS) and sympathetic nervous systems (SNS) well. The aim of our study was to provide a corrected method to better distinguish the contributions of the PNS and SNS in the HRV spectrum. Respiration has a gating effect on cardiac vagal efferent activity, which induces respiration-locked heart rate (HR) changes because of the fast effect of the PNS. So the respiration-related heart rate (HRr) is closely related to PNS activity. In this study, HR was decomposed into HRr and the respiration-unrelated component (HRru) based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the relationship between HR and respiration. Time-frequency analysis of HRr and HRru was defined as HFr and LFru, respectively, with specific adaptive bands for every signal. Two experimental data sets, representing SNS and PNS activation, respectively, were used for efficiency analysis of our method. Our results show that the corrected HRV predicted ANS activity well. HFr could be an index of PNS activity, LFru mainly reflected SNS activity, and LFru/HFr could be more accurate in representing the sympathovagal balance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study includes the time-varying relationship between respiration and heart rate in the analysis of heart rate variability. Correction for low-frequency and high-frequency components based on respiration significantly improved evaluation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Saisai Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoni Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fadong Zhao
- Equipment Management and Support College, Engineering University of People's Armed Police, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohui Di
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangguo Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianbao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Pernice R, Faes L, Kotiuchyi I, Stivala S, Busacca A, Popov A, Kharytonov V. Time, frequency and information domain analysis of short-term heart rate variability before and after focal and generalized seizures in epileptic children. Physiol Meas 2019; 40:074003. [PMID: 30952152 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ab16a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this work we explore the potential of combining standard time and frequency domain indexes with novel information measures, to characterize pre- and post-ictal heart rate variability (HRV) in epileptic children, with the aim of differentiating focal and generalized epilepsy regarding the autonomic control mechanisms. APPROACH We analyze short-term HRV in 37 children suffering from generalized or focal epilepsy, monitored 10 s, 300 s, 600 s and 1800 s both before and after seizure episodes. Nine indexes are computed in time (mean, standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals, root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD)), frequency (low-to-high frequency power ratio LF/HF, normalized LF and HF power) and information (entropy, conditional entropy and self-entropy) domains. Focal and generalized epilepsy are compared through statistical analysis of the indexes and using linear discriminant analysis (LDA). MAIN RESULTS In children with focal epilepsy, early post-ictal phase is characterized by significant tachycardia, depressed HRV, increased LF power and LF/HF, and decreased complexity, progressively recovered across time windows after the episodes. Children with generalized seizures instead show significant tachycardia, lower RMSSD, higher LF power and LF/HF ratio before the seizure. These different behaviors are exploited by LDA analysis to separate focal and generalized epilepsy up to an accuracy of 75%. Results suggest a shift of the sympatho-vagal balance towards sympathetic dominance and vagal withdrawal, noticeable just after the termination of seizure episodes and then reverted in focal epilepsy, and persistent during inter-ictal and pre-ictal periods in generalized epilepsy. SIGNIFICANCE Our analysis helps in elucidating the pathophysiology of inter-ictal HRV autonomic control and the differential diagnosis of generalized and focal epilepsy. These findings may have clinical relevance since altered sympatho-vagal control can be related to a higher danger of morbidity and mortality, may reduce thresholds for life-threatening arrhythmias, and could be a biomarker of risk for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Pernice
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Melo HM, Hoeller AA, Walz R, Takase E. Resting Cardiac Vagal Tone is Associated with Long-Term Frustration Level of Mental Workload: Ultra-short Term Recording Reliability. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2019; 45:1-9. [PMID: 31286301 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-019-09445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Excessive mental workload represent a critical risk factor for workplace accidents. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive low cost electrophysiological autonomic biomarker related to emotional and cognitive regulation. Several studies report that mental overload impairs parasympathetic-mediated HRV indices (e.g. rMSSD). However, the influence of resting state HRV as a predictor of long-term mental workload impairments remains unknown. Thirty participants (22 males; 8 females) had their HRV measured (5-min period) before performing the number search task. After the task, the mental load was accessed by the NASA-TLX questionnaire. A simple linear regression model between HRV and NASA-TLX dimensions showed that resting state rMSSD is associated to physical demand (ND-2, R2 = 0.143, p = 0.03) and frustration level (ND-6, R2 = 0.175, p = 0.02) dimensions of mental workload. The comparison between 1 and 5-min epochs suggests that regression models remain reliable even using the ultra-short term HRV (< 1 min) recording values (R2 values from 0.11 to 0.15 for ND-2 and R2 values from 0.16 to 0.19 for ND-6). These results suggest that resting state HRV is associated to long-term effects of mental workload on physical and emotional demands. In addition, the ultra-short term HRV indices remains reliable to assess ND-2 and ND-6 dimensions of mental workload when compared to gold-standard time interval (> 5 min). The resting state cardiac autonomic tone assessment optimizes the physiological approach with a quick, non-invasive and low-cost assessment that can provide insights about mental load adjustments to prevent work-related accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiago Murilo Melo
- Laboratory of Brain Education (LEC), Department of Psychology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88049-900, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88049-900, Brazil. .,Center of Applied Neuroscience (CeNAp), Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88049-900, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Ademar Hoeller
- Center of Applied Neuroscience (CeNAp), Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88049-900, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Roger Walz
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88049-900, Brazil.,Center of Applied Neuroscience (CeNAp), Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88049-900, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Emílio Takase
- Laboratory of Brain Education (LEC), Department of Psychology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88049-900, Brazil
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Delliaux S, Delaforge A, Deharo JC, Chaumet G. Mental Workload Alters Heart Rate Variability, Lowering Non-linear Dynamics. Front Physiol 2019; 10:565. [PMID: 31156454 PMCID: PMC6528181 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental workload is known to alter cardiovascular function leading to increased cardiovascular risk. Nevertheless, there is no clear autonomic nervous system unbalance to be quantified during mental stress. We aimed to characterize the mental workload impact on the cardiovascular function with a focus on heart rate variability (HRV) non-linear indexes. A 1-h computerized switching task (letter recognition) was performed by 24 subjects while monitoring their performance (accuracy, response time), electrocardiogram and blood pressure waveform (finger volume clamp method). The HRV was evaluated from the beat-to-beat RR intervals (RRI) in time-, frequency-, and informational- domains, before (Control) and during the task. The task induced a significant mental workload (visual analog scale of fatigue from 27 ± 26 to 50 ± 31 mm, p < 0.001, and NASA-TLX score of 56 ± 17). The heart rate, blood pressure and baroreflex function were unchanged, whereas most of the HRV parameters markedly decreased. The maximum decrease occurred during the first 15 min of the task (P1), before starting to return to the baseline values reached at the end of the task (P4). The RRI dimension correlation (D2) decrease was the most significant (P1 vs. Control: 1.42 ± 0.85 vs. 2.21 ± 0.8, p < 0.001) and only D2 lasted until the task ended (P4 vs. Control: 1.96 ± 0.9 vs. 2.21 ± 0.9, p < 0.05). D2 was identified as the most robust cardiovascular variable impacted by the mental workload as determined by posterior predictive simulations (p = 0.9). The Spearman correlation matrix highlighted that D2 could be a marker of the generated frustration (R = -0.61, p < 0.01) induced by a mental task, as well as the myocardial oxygen consumption changes assessed by the double product (R = -0.53, p < 0.05). In conclusion, we showed that mental workload sharply lowered the non-linear RRI dynamics, particularly the RRI correlation dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Delliaux
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France
- Pôle Cardio-Vasculaire et Thoracique, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, AP-HM, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Alexis Delaforge
- Service de Médecine et Santé au Travail, AP-HM, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Claude Deharo
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France
- Pôle Cardio-Vasculaire et Thoracique, Service de Cardiologie, AP-HM, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
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Hughes AM, Hancock GM, Marlow SL, Stowers K, Salas E. Cardiac Measures of Cognitive Workload: A Meta-Analysis. HUMAN FACTORS 2019; 61:393-414. [PMID: 30822151 DOI: 10.1177/0018720819830553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to provide an assessment of the impact of workload manipulations on various cardiac measurements. We further sought to determine the most effective measurement approaches of cognitive workload as well as quantify the conditions under which these measures are most effective for interpretation. BACKGROUND Cognitive workload affects human performance, particularly when load is relatively high (overload) or low (underload). Despite ongoing interest in assessing cognitive workload through cardiac measures, it is currently unclear which cardiac-based assessments best indicate cognitive workload. Although several quantitative studies and qualitative reviews have sought to provide guidance, no meta-analytic integration of cardiac assessment(s) of cognitive workload exists to date. METHOD We used Morris and DeShon's meta-analytic procedures to quantify the changes in cardiac measures due to task load conditions. RESULTS Sample-weighted Cohen's d values suggest that several metrics of cardiac activity demonstrate sensitivity in response to cognitive workload manipulations. Heart rate variability measures show sensitivity to task load, conditions of event rate, and task duration. Authors of future work should seek to quantify the utility of leveraging multiple metrics to understand workload. CONCLUSION Results suggest that assessment of cognitive workload can be done using various cardiac activity indicators. Further, given the number of valid and reliable measures available, researchers and practitioners should base their selection of a psychophysiological measure on the experimental and practical concerns inherent to their task/protocol. APPLICATIONS Findings bear implications for future assessment of cognitive workload within basic and applied settings. Future research should seek to validate conditions under which measurements are best interpreted, including but not limited to individual differences.
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Ahn JW, Ku Y, Kim HC. A Novel Wearable EEG and ECG Recording System for Stress Assessment. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E1991. [PMID: 31035399 PMCID: PMC6539530 DOI: 10.3390/s19091991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Suffering from continuous stress can lead to serious psychological and even physical disorders. Objective stress assessment methods using noninvasive physiological responses such as heart rate variability (HRV) and electroencephalograms (EEG) have therefore been proposed for effective stress management. In this study, a novel wearable device that can measure electrocardiograms (ECG) and EEG simultaneously was designed to enable continuous stress monitoring in daily life. The developed system is easily worn by hanging from both ears, is lightweight (i.e., 42.5 g), and exhibits an excellent noise performance of 0.12 μVrms. Significant time and frequency features of HRV and EEG were found in two different stressors, namely the Stroop color word and mental arithmetic tests, using 14 young subjects. Stressor situations were classified using various HRV and EEG feature selections and a support vector machine technique. The five-fold cross-validation results obtained when using both EEG and HRV features showed the best performance with an accuracy of 87.5%, which demonstrated the requirement for simultaneous HRV and EEG measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong Woo Ahn
- Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 03082, Korea.
| | - Yunseo Ku
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Hee Chan Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
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Ribeiro FS, Santos FH, Albuquerque PB, Oliveira-Silva P. Emotional Induction Through Music: Measuring Cardiac and Electrodermal Responses of Emotional States and Their Persistence. Front Psychol 2019; 10:451. [PMID: 30894829 PMCID: PMC6414444 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional inductions through music (EIM) procedures have proved to evoke genuine emotions according to neuroimaging studies. However, the persistence of the emotional states after being exposed to musical excerpts remains mostly unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the curve of emotional state generated by an EIM paradigm over a 6-min recovery phase, monitored with valence and arousal self-report measures, and physiological parameters. Stimuli consisted of a neutral and two valenced musical excerpts previously reported to generate such states. The neutral excerpt was composed in a minimalist form characterized by simple sonorities, rhythms, and patterns; the positive excerpt had fast tempo and major tones, and the negative one was slower in tempo and had minor tone. Results of 24 participants revealed that positive and negative EIM effectively induced self-reported happy and sad emotions and elicited higher skin conductance levels (SCL). Although self-reported adjectives describing evoked-emotions states changed to neutral after 2 min in the recovery phase, the SCL data suggest longer lasting arousal for both positive and negative emotional states. The implications of these outcomes for musical research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Silva Ribeiro
- School of Psychology (CIPsi), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,Faculty of Education and Psychology (CEDH/HNL), Universidade Católica, Porto, Portugal
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Cipresso P, Colombo D, Riva G. Computational Psychometrics Using Psychophysiological Measures for the Assessment of Acute Mental Stress. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19040781. [PMID: 30769812 PMCID: PMC6412878 DOI: 10.3390/s19040781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to provide reliable quantitative analyses of psycho-physiological measures during acute mental stress. Acute, time-limited stressors are used extensively as experimental stimuli in psychophysiological research. In particular, the Stroop Color Word Task and the Arithmetical Task have been widely used in several settings as effective mental stressors. We collected psychophysiological data on blood volume pulse, thoracic respiration, and skin conductance from 60 participants at rest and during stressful situations. Subsequently, we used statistical univariate tests and multivariate computational approaches to conduct comprehensive studies on the discriminative properties of each condition in relation to psychophysiological correlates. The results showed evidence of a greater discrimination capability of the Arithmetical Task compared to the Stroop test. The best predictors were the short time Heart Rate Variability (HRV) indices, in particular, the Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia index, which in turn could be predicted by other HRV and respiratory indices in a hierarchical, multi-level regression analysis. Thus, computational psychometrics analyses proved to be an effective tool for studying such complex variables. They could represent the first step in developing complex platforms for the automatic detection of mental stress, which could improve the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Cipresso
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab at IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via L. Ariosto 13, 20145 Milano (MI), Italy.
- Department of Psychology of the Catholic University, Largo Gemelli 1, 20100 Milano (MI) and Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab at IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via L. Ariosto 13, 20145 Milano (MI), Italy.
| | - Desirée Colombo
- Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain.
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab at IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via L. Ariosto 13, 20145 Milano (MI), Italy.
- Department of Psychology of the Catholic University, Largo Gemelli 1, 20100 Milano (MI) and Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab at IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via L. Ariosto 13, 20145 Milano (MI), Italy.
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Comparison of short-term heart rate variability indexes evaluated through electrocardiographic and continuous blood pressure monitoring. Med Biol Eng Comput 2019; 57:1247-1263. [PMID: 30730027 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-019-01957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis represents an important tool for the characterization of complex cardiovascular control. HRV indexes are usually calculated from electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings after measuring the time duration between consecutive R peaks, and this is considered the gold standard. An alternative method consists of assessing the pulse rate variability (PRV) from signals acquired through photoplethysmography, a technique also employed for the continuous noninvasive monitoring of blood pressure. In this work, we carry out a thorough analysis and comparison of short-term variability indexes computed from HRV time series obtained from the ECG and from PRV time series obtained from continuous blood pressure (CBP) signals, in order to evaluate the reliability of using CBP-based recordings in place of standard ECG tracks. The analysis has been carried out on short time series (300 beats) of HRV and PRV in 76 subjects studied in different conditions: resting in the supine position, postural stress during 45° head-up tilt, and mental stress during computation of arithmetic test. Nine different indexes have been taken into account, computed in the time domain (mean, variance, root mean square of the successive differences), frequency domain (low-to-high frequency power ratio LF/HF, HF spectral power, and central frequency), and information domain (entropy, conditional entropy, self entropy). Thorough validation has been performed using comparison of the HRV and PRV distributions, robust linear regression, and Bland-Altman plots. Results demonstrate the feasibility of extracting HRV indexes from CBP-based data, showing an overall relatively good agreement of time-, frequency-, and information-domain measures. The agreement decreased during postural and mental arithmetic stress, especially with regard to band-power ratio, conditional, and self-entropy. This finding suggests to use caution in adopting PRV as a surrogate of HRV during stress conditions.
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Aging, effort, and stereotyping: The evidence for the moderating role of self-involvement. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 138:1-10. [PMID: 30710568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A study with young and older adults (N = 91) investigated the effect of self-involvement on stereotyping tendency and effort mobilization. We hypothesized that the impact of self-involvement varies as a function of age: increased self-involvement should lead older adults to engage in more effortful information processing and decreased stereotyping, whereas increased self-involvement should have no impact on effort mobilization and stereotyping tendency in young adults. Young and older adults read narratives under low and high-self-involvement conditions before performing a recognition test that measured their stereotyping tendency. Effort was assessed as cardiovascular responses. We found that older adults in the high-self-involvement condition presented low stereotyping tendency (similar to that of young people) in comparison to older adults in the low-self-involvement condition. Furthermore, older adults in the high-self-involvement condition had decreased high-frequency heart rate variability in comparison to the other conditions, but only during the recognition test; this suggests increased effort mobilization. These findings indicate that self-involvement decreases older adults' stereotyping tendency, possibly through effort mobilization.
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Teckenberg-Jansson P, Turunen S, Pölkki T, Lauri-Haikala MJ, Lipsanen J, Henelius A, Aitokallio-Tallberg A, Pakarinen S, Leinikka M, Huotilainen M. Effects of live music therapy on heart rate variability and self-reported stress and anxiety among hospitalized pregnant women: A randomized controlled trial. NORDIC JOURNAL OF MUSIC THERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/08098131.2018.1546223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Siiri Turunen
- CICERO Learning Network, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Pölkki
- Department of Children and Women, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Minna-Johanna Lauri-Haikala
- CICERO Learning Network, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Lipsanen
- CICERO Learning Network, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andreas Henelius
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ansa Aitokallio-Tallberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Pakarinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Minna Huotilainen
- CICERO Learning Network, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Hidalgo-Muñoz AR, Béquet AJ, Astier-Juvenon M, Pépin G, Fort A, Jallais C, Tattegrain H, Gabaude C. Respiration and Heart Rate Modulation Due to Competing Cognitive Tasks While Driving. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 12:525. [PMID: 30687043 PMCID: PMC6338053 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Research works on operator monitoring underline the benefit of taking into consideration several signal modalities to improve accuracy for an objective mental state diagnosis. Heart rate (HR) is one of the most utilized systemic measures to assess cognitive workload (CW), whereas, respiration parameters are hardly utilized. This study aims at verifying the contribution of analyzing respiratory signals to extract features to evaluate driver’s activity and CW variations in driving. Eighteen subjects participated in the study. The participants carried out two different cognitive tasks requiring different CW demands, a single task as well as a competing cognitive task realized while driving in a simulator. Our results confirm that both HR and breathing rate (BR) increase in driving and are sensitive to CW. However, HR and BR are differently modulated by the CW variations in driving. Specifically, HR is affected by both driving activity and CW, whereas, BR is suitable to evidence a variation of CW only when driving is not required. On the other hand, spectral features characterizing respiratory signal could be also used similarly to HR variability indices to detect high CW episodes. These results hint the use of respiration as an alternative to HR to monitor the driver mental state in autonomic vehicles in order to predict the available cognitive resources if the user has to take over the vehicle.
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Rodrigues S, Dias D, Paiva JS, Cunha JPS. Psychophysiological Stress Assessment Among On-Duty Firefighters. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2018:4335-4338. [PMID: 30441313 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8513250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Firefighting is a hazardous profession commonly exposed to high stress that can interfere with firefighter's health and performance. Nevertheless, on-duty stress levels quantitative evaluations are very rare in the literature. In order to investigate firefighters' occupational health in terms of stress perceptions, symptoms, and quantified physiological reactions under real-world conditions, an ambulatory assessment protocol was developed. Therefore, cardiac signal from firefighters ($N =6$) was continuously monitored during two shifts within a working week with a medical clinically certified equipment (VitalJacket®), allowing continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) and actigraphy measurement. Psychological data were collected with an android application, collecting potential stressful events, stress symptoms, and stress appraisal. A total of 130 hours of medical-quality ECG were collected, from which heart rate variability (HRV) metrics were extracted and analyzed. Statistical significant differences were found in some HRV metrics - AVNN, RMSSD, pNN50 and LF/HF - between events and non-events, showing higher levels of physiological stress during events (p<0.05). Stress symptoms increase from the beginning to the end of the shift (from 1.54 ± 0.52 to 2.01 ± 0.73), however the mean stress self-perception of events was very low (3.22 ± 2.38 in a scale ranging from 0 to 10). Negative and strong correlations were also found between stress symptoms and some time-domain ECG measures (AVNN, SDNN and pNN50). It can be concluded that stress may not always be detected when using merely self-reports. These results enhance the importance of combining both self-report and ambulatory high-quality physiological stress measures in occupational health settings. Future studies should investigate not only what causes stress but also its impact on health and well-being of these professionals, in order to contribute to the design of efficient stress-management interventions.
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Study on the Preferred Application-Oriented Index for Mental Fatigue Detection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15112555. [PMID: 30441867 PMCID: PMC6265841 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Most of the research on mental fatigue evaluation has mainly concentrated on some indexes that require sophisticated and large instruments that make the detection of mental fatigue cumbersome, time-consuming, and difficult to apply on a large scale. A quick and sensitive mental fatigue detection index is necessary so that mentally fatigued workers can be alerted in time and take corresponding countermeasures. However, to date, no studies have compared the sensitivity of common objective evaluation indexes. To solve these problems, this study recruited 56 human subjects. These subjects were evaluated using six fatigue indexes: the Stanford sleepiness scale, digital span, digital decoding, short-term memory, critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF), and speed perception deviation. The results of the fatigue tests before and after mental fatigue were compared, and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the speed perception deviation. The results indicated the significance of this index. Considering individual differences, the relative fatigue index (RFI) was proposed to compare the sensitivity of the indexes. The results showed that when the self-rated fatigue grade changed from non-fatigue to mild fatigue, the ranges of RFI values for digital span, digital decoding, short-term memory, and CFF were 0.175–0.258, 0.194–0.316, 0.068–0.139, and 0.055–0.075, respectively. Correspondingly, when the self-rated fatigue grade changed to severe fatigue, the ranges of RFI values for the above indexes were 0.415–0.577, 0.482–0.669, 0.329–0.396, and 0.114–0.218, respectively. These results suggest that the sensitivity of the digital decoding, digital span, short-term memory, and CFF decreased sequentially when the self-evaluated fatigue grade changed from no fatigue to mild or severe fatigue. The RFI individuality of the speed perception deviation is highly variable and is not suitable as an evaluation index. In mental fatigue testing, digital decoding testing can provide faster, more convenient, and more accurate results.
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Zhang N, Fard M, Bhuiyan MHU, Verhagen D, Azari MF, Robinson SR. The effects of physical vibration on heart rate variability as a measure of drowsiness. ERGONOMICS 2018; 61:1259-1272. [PMID: 29871584 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1482373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We investigated the effects of low frequency whole body vibration on heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of autonomic nervous system activation that differentiates between stress and drowsiness. Fifteen participants underwent two simulated driving tasks for 60 min each: one involved whole-body 4-7 Hz vibration delivered through the car seat, and one involved no vibration. The Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), a subjective measure of drowsiness, demonstrated a significant increase in drowsiness during the task. Within 15-30 min of exposure to vibration, autonomic (sympathetic) activity increased (p < .01) in response to the stress of maintaining alertness and performance when drowsy, and peaked at 60 min (p < .001). Changes in three other HRV domains [higher LF/HF ratios, lower RMSSD (ms) and pNN50 (%) values] were consistent with increased sympathetic activation. These findings have implications for the future development of equivalent drowsiness contours leading to improvements in road safety. Practitioner summary: The effects of physical vibration on driver drowsiness have not been well investigated. This laboratory-controlled study found characteristic changes in heart rate variability (HRV) domains that indicated progressively increasing neurological effort in maintaining alertness in response to low frequency vibration, which becomes significant within 30 min. ABBREVIATIONS ANS: autonomic nervous system; Ctrl: control; EEG: electroencephalography; HF: the power in high frequency range (0.15 Hz-0.4Hz) in the PSD relected parasympathetic activity only; HRV: heart rate variability; KSS: karolinska sleepiness scale; LF: the power in low frequency range (0.04 Hz-0.15Hz) in the PSD reflected both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity of the autonomic nervous system; LF/HF ratio: the ratio of LF to HF indicated the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity; RMSSD: the root mean square of difference of adjacent RR interval; pNN50: the number of successive RR interval pairs that differed by more than 50 ms divided by the total number of RR intervals; RR interval: the differences between successive R-wave occurrence times; PSD: power spectral density; RTP: research training program; SD: standard deviation; SEM: standard error of the Mean; Vib: vibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zhang
- a School of Engineering , RMIT University , Bundoora, Australia
| | - M Fard
- a School of Engineering , RMIT University , Bundoora, Australia
| | - M H U Bhuiyan
- a School of Engineering , RMIT University , Bundoora, Australia
| | - D Verhagen
- b School of Media and Communications , RMIT University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - M F Azari
- c School of Health and Biomedical Sciences , RMIT University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - S R Robinson
- c School of Health and Biomedical Sciences , RMIT University , Melbourne, Australia
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Kennedy L, Parker SH. Timing of Coping Instruction Presentation for Real-time Acute Stress Management: Potential Implications for Improved Surgical Performance. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS RESEARCH 2018; 2:111-131. [PMID: 35415402 PMCID: PMC8982808 DOI: 10.1007/s41666-018-0016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Individual performance on complex healthcare tasks can be influenced by acutely stressful situations. Real-time biofeedback using passive physiological monitoring may help to better understand an individual's progression towards acute stress-induced performance decrement. Providing biofeedback at an appropriate time may provide learners within an indicator that their current performance is susceptible to a decrement, and offer the opportunity to intervene. We explored the presentation timing of coping instructions during an acutely stressful task. In this pilot study, we recorded and analyzed electrocardiography data surrounding coping instruction presentation on various time schedules while participants played a first-person shooter computer game. Around times of significantly elevated heart rate, an indicator of acute stress, presenting a coping instruction tended to result in an increase in heart rate variability (HRV) following its presentation, with a more marked effect in high-stress conditions; not presenting a coping instruction at this time tended to result in a decrease in HRV in high-stress conditions, and no change in low-stress conditions. HRV following instruction presentation tended to increase in both high- and low-stress conditions when the instruction was presented at times of elevated heart rate; there was very little change in HRV when instruction presentation was not bound to physiology. Performance data showed that better performance was associated with greater adherence to coping instructions, compared to when zero instructions were followed. Implications for healthcare are significant, as acute stress is constant and it is necessary for providers to maintain a high level of performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Kennedy
- Department of Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Sarah Henrickson Parker
- Department of Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute, Roanoke, VA USA
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Development of a Patch-Type Electrocardiographic Monitor for Real Time Heartbeat Detection and Heart Rate Variability Analysis. J Med Biol Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-018-0369-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rodrigues S, Paiva JS, Dias D, Aleixo M, Filipe RM, Cunha JPS. Cognitive Impact and Psychophysiological Effects of Stress Using a Biomonitoring Platform. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061080. [PMID: 29861450 PMCID: PMC6025398 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stress can impact multiple psychological and physiological human domains. In order to better understand the effect of stress on cognitive performance, and whether this effect is related to an autonomic response to stress, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) was used as a testing platform along with a 2-Choice Reaction Time Task. When considering the nature and importance of Air Traffic Controllers (ATCs) work and the fact that they are subjected to high levels of stress, this study was conducted with a sample of ATCs (n = 11). Linear Heart Rate Variability (HRV) features were extracted from ATCs electrocardiogram (ECG) acquired using a medical-grade wearable ECG device (Vital Jacket® (1-Lead, Biodevices S.A, Matosinhos, Portugal)). Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) were also used to measure perceived stress. TSST produced statistically significant changes in some HRV parameters (Average of normal-to-normal intervals (AVNN), Standard Deviation of all NN (SDNN), root mean square of differences between successive rhythm-to-rhythm (RR) intervals (RMSSD), pNN20, and LF/HF) and subjective measures of stress, which recovered after the stress task. Although these short-term changes in HRV showed a tendency to normalize, an impairment on cognitive performance was evident. Despite that participant's reaction times were lower, the accuracy significantly decreased, presenting more errors after performing the acute stress event. Results can also point to the importance of the development of quantified occupational health (qOHealth) devices to allow for the monitoring of stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rodrigues
- Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers-Technology and Science (INESC TEC), Porto 4200-465, Portugal.
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto 4200-465, Portugal.
| | - Joana S Paiva
- Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers-Technology and Science (INESC TEC), Porto 4200-465, Portugal.
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto 4200-465, Portugal.
- Astronomy and Physics Department, Sciences Faculty, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal.
| | - Duarte Dias
- Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers-Technology and Science (INESC TEC), Porto 4200-465, Portugal.
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto 4200-465, Portugal.
| | - Marta Aleixo
- Navegação Aérea de Portugal (NAV), EPE, Lisboa 1700-111, Portugal.
| | | | - João Paulo S Cunha
- Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers-Technology and Science (INESC TEC), Porto 4200-465, Portugal.
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto 4200-465, Portugal.
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