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von Deneen KM, Alemayehu DG, Khosla A. Acute Compartment Syndrome and Rhabdomyolysis Caused by a Single Electrical Muscle Stimulation in a 46-Year-Old Female Professional Athlete With Fibromyalgia, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and Myofascial Disorder: A Case Report. Clin J Sport Med 2024:00042752-990000000-00180. [PMID: 38456638 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) training has been recognized as an effective modality for improving body composition, enhancing body strength, and facilitating injury recovery. However, individuals who are new to EMS training and those with certain chronic diseases should exercise caution due to the increased risk of rhabdomyolysis. This case report describes the occurrence of rhabdomyolysis and gluteal compartment syndrome following a single session of EMS training in a 46-year-old Caucasian female professional athlete. The patient was successfully managed with intensive intravenous fluid therapy and sodium bicarbonate supplementation, along with close monitoring of electrolytes and renal function. Electrical muscle stimulation training poses an increased risk of severe complications in individuals with chronic diseases and myopathy. Therefore, careful subject selection is required for EMS training in individuals with chronic diseases and myopathy to prevent common side effects. For individuals trying EMS training for the first time, it is recommended to avoid high-frequency EMS exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M von Deneen
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Dereje Gobena Alemayehu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China ; and
| | - Ajit Khosla
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
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Alizadeh Z, Halabchi F, Bodaghabadi Z, Zarandi MM, Abolhasani M, Seifi V, Khazaei R, Ghanadi S, Mazaheri R, Tabesh MR. Non-invasive Body Contouring Technologies: An Updated Narrative Review. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024; 48:659-679. [PMID: 37749418 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03647-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nowadays, a lot of body contouring devices and methods are introduced all over the world. The object of the present narrative review was to update and classify existing evidence on these methods and devices. METHODS We searched databases including PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar for 11 essential keywords, including cryolipolysis, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), shock wave, low-level laser therapy (LLLT), radiofrequency (RF), capacitive resistive electrical transfer (TECAR), high-intensity focused electromagnetic (HIFEM), electromyostimulation (EMS), carboxytherapy, mesotherapy, and acupuncture and their abbreviations, in addition to obesity, overweight, cellulite, subcutaneous fat, and body contouring. RESULTS Totally 193 references were used in 11 main topics. CONCLUSION In order to help physicians with finding the best evidence in different methods, the data were summarised in 11 topics. Furthermore, FDA-approved devices, side effects and common protocols were described in each section. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I This journal requires that authors 39 assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full 40 description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, 41 please refer to the Table of Contents or the online 42 Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Alizadeh
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farzin Halabchi
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bodaghabadi
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Centre, Cardiac primary prevention research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Seifi
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Khazaei
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Ghanadi
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mazaheri
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mastaneh Rajabian Tabesh
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center (CPPRC), Heart Centre Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yoshimura M, Nakamura M, Kasahara K, Yoshida R, Murakami Y, Hojo T, Inoue G, Makihira N, Fukuoka Y. Effect of CO 2 and H 2 gas mixture in cold water immersion on recovery after eccentric loading. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20288. [PMID: 37767470 PMCID: PMC10520833 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The findings of previous studies support the efficacy of cold water immersion (CWI) with carbon dioxide (CO2) in enhancing muscle blood flow and maintaining aerobic performance efficiency. We hypothesize that the addition of hydrogen gas (H2), known for its antioxidant properties and role in inflammation regulation, to C-CWI can enhance recovery after eccentric exercise. Subjects and Methods: Thirty-four healthy subjects performed a knee-extensor eccentric exercise. They were randomly allocated into four groups: control, CWI, CO2-rich CWI (C-CWI), and CO2 + H2 gas mixture CWI (CH-CWI). In the three CWI groups, all subjects were immersed in the appropriate bath at 20 °C for 20 min immediately after 60 repetitions of eccentric exercise. Before exercise and after 48 h of recovery, the subjects' maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque (MVC-ISO), maximal voluntary concentric (MVC-CON) contraction torque, countermovement jump (CMJ) height, knee flexion range of motion (ROM), muscle soreness, and muscle thickness were measured. Results In the CH-CWI group only, the MVC-ISO, CMJ height, and ROM did not decrease significantly post-exercise, whereas all of these decreased in the other three groups. Muscle soreness at palpation, contraction, and stretching significantly increased post-exercise in all groups. Echo intensity and tissue hardness did not increase significantly in the CH-CWI group. Conclusions CH-CWI stimulated recovery from impairments in MVC-ISO torque, CMJ height, knee-flexion ROM, tissue hardness, and echo intensity. These findings indicate that CH-CWI can promote recovery after eccentric exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Yoshimura
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0394, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakamura
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nishi Kyushu University, 4490-9 Ozaki, Kanzaki, Saga, 842-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kasahara
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimamicho, Kitaku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Riku Yoshida
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimamicho, Kitaku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Yuta Murakami
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimamicho, Kitaku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hojo
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0394, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Goichi Inoue
- Iwatani Advanced Hydrogen Technology Center, Iwatani Corporation, 3-3-16 Tsugiya, Amagasaki City, Hyogo, 661-0965, Japan
| | - Naohisa Makihira
- Iwatani Advanced Hydrogen Technology Center, Iwatani Corporation, 3-3-16 Tsugiya, Amagasaki City, Hyogo, 661-0965, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Fukuoka
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0394, Kyoto, Japan
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Zhao Y, Sim YJ. Effects of muscle damage indicators and antioxidant capacity after interval training on the 800-m records of adolescent middle-distance runners. J Exerc Rehabil 2023; 19:181-186. [PMID: 37435592 PMCID: PMC10331139 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2346212.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine the effect of 10-week interval training (IT) at varying intensities on serum muscle damage indicators and antioxidant capacity and determine its effect on the 800-m records of adolescent middle-distance runners. Twenty male high-school middle-distance runners were randomized between the high-intensity IT (HIIT; n=10) and the medium-intensity IT (MIIT; n=10) groups. Three sessions/week for 10 weeks (total of 30 sessions) were performed; one session of IT was for 60 min. The high and medium exercise intensities were set at 90%-95% and 60%-70% heart rate reserve (HRR), respectively. Intensity at rest was 40% HRR for both groups. Weight training was performed at 60%-70% of one repetition maximum for two sessions/week. The changes in serum muscle damage indicators and antioxidant capacity in the two groups were measured, and their effects on the 800-m records were analyzed. The 10-week training reduced serum muscle damage indicators in middle-distance runners, but only the HIIT group displayed a decrease in creatine kinase. For the change in antioxidant capacity, the two groups demonstrated no significant change in malondialdehyde (MDA), whereas the HIIT group exhibited a significant increase in super-oxide dismutase (SOD). IT also reduced the 800-m records in middle-distance running, and the effect was stronger in the HIIT group. In conclusion, 10-week HIIT can have a positive effect on muscle damage indicators, showed a significant increase in SOD as a key indicator of anti-oxidant capacity, and improved the 800-m records in middle-distance runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowei Zhao
- School of Physical Education, Handan University, Handan,
China
| | - Young-Je Sim
- Department of Physical Education, Kunsan National University, Gunsan,
Korea
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Zulbaran‐Rojas A, Lee M, Bara RO, Flores‐Camargo A, Spitz G, Finco MG, Bagheri AB, Modi D, Shaib F, Najafi B. Electrical stimulation to regain lower extremity muscle perfusion and endurance in patients with post-acute sequelae of SARS CoV-2: A randomized controlled trial. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15636. [PMID: 36905161 PMCID: PMC10006649 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle deconditioning and impaired vascular function in the lower extremities (LE) are among the long-term symptoms experienced by COVID-19 patients with a history of severe illness. These symptoms are part of the post-acute sequelae of Sars-CoV-2 (PASC) and currently lack evidence-based treatment. To investigate the efficacy of lower extremity electrical stimulation (E-Stim) in addressing PASC-related muscle deconditioning, we conducted a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Eighteen (n = 18) patients with LE muscle deconditioning were randomly assigned to either the intervention (IG) or the control (CG) group, resulting in 36 LE being assessed. Both groups received daily 1 h E-Stim on both gastrocnemius muscles for 4 weeks, with the device functional in the IG and nonfunctional in the CG. Changes in plantar oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) and gastrocnemius muscle endurance (GNMe) in response to 4 weeks of daily 1 h E-Stim were assessed. At each study visit, outcomes were measured at onset (t0 ), 60 min (t60 ), and 10 min after E-Stim therapy (t70 ) by recording ΔOxyHb with near-infrared spectroscopy. ΔGNMe was measured with surface electromyography at two time intervals: 0-5 min (Intv1 ) and: 55-60 min (Intv2 ). Baseline OxyHb decreased in both groups at t60 (IG: p = 0.046; CG: p = 0.026) and t70 (IG = p = 0.021; CG: p = 0.060) from t0 . At 4 weeks, the IG's OxyHb increased from t60 to t70 (p < 0.001), while the CG's decreased (p = 0.003). The IG had higher ΔOxyHb values than the CG at t70 (p = 0.004). Baseline GNMe did not increase in either group from Intv1 to Intv2 . At 4 weeks, the IG's GNMe increased (p = 0.031), whereas the CG did not change. There was a significant association between ΔOxyHb and ΔGNMe (r = 0.628, p = 0.003) at 4 weeks in the IG. In conclusion, E-Stim can improve muscle perfusion and muscle endurance in individuals with PASC experiencing LE muscle deconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Zulbaran‐Rojas
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of SurgeryBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Myeounggon Lee
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of SurgeryBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Rasha O. Bara
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of SurgeryBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Areli Flores‐Camargo
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of SurgeryBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Gil Spitz
- Baylor St Luke's Medical Center, Exercise PhysiologyLiver Transplant ProgramHoustonTexasUSA
| | - M. G. Finco
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of SurgeryBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Amir Behzad Bagheri
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of SurgeryBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Dipaben Modi
- Department of Pulmonary Critical CareBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Fidaa Shaib
- Department of Pulmonary Critical CareBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Bijan Najafi
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of SurgeryBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
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Kemmler W, Fröhlich M, Ludwig O, Eifler C, von Stengel S, Willert S, Teschler M, Weissenfels A, Kleinöder H, Micke F, Wirtz N, Zinner C, Filipovic A, Wegener B, Berger J, Evangelista A, D’Ottavio S, Singh Sara JD, Lerman A, Perez de Arrilucea Le Floc’h UA, Carle-Calo A, Guitierrez A, Amaro-Gahete FJ. Position statement and updated international guideline for safe and effective whole-body electromyostimulation training-the need for common sense in WB-EMS application. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1174103. [PMID: 37035684 PMCID: PMC10075322 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1174103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-Body Electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) is a training technology that enables simultaneous stimulation of all the main muscle groups with a specific impulse intensity for each electrode. The corresponding time-efficiency and joint-friendliness of WB-EMS may be particularly attractive for people unable or unmotivated to conduct (intense) conventional training protocols. However, due to the enormous metabolic and musculoskeletal impact of WB-EMS, particular attention must be paid to the application of this technology. In the past, several scientific and newspaper articles reported severe adverse effects of WB-EMS. To increase the safety of commercial non-medical WB-EMS application, recommendations "for safe and effective whole-body electromyostimulation" were launched in 2016. However, new developments and trends require an update of these recommendations to incorporate more international expertise with demonstrated experience in the application of WB-EMS. The new version of these consensus-based recommendations has been structured into 1) "general aspects of WB-EMS", 2) "preparation for training", recommendations for the 3) "WB-EMS application" itself and 4) "safety aspects during and after training". Key topics particularly addressed are 1) consistent and close supervision of WB-EMS application, 2) mandatory qualification of WB-EMS trainers, 3) anamnesis and corresponding consideration of contraindications prior to WB-EMS, 4) the participant's proper preparation for the session, 5) careful preparation of the WB-EMS novice, 6) appropriate regeneration periods between WB-EMS sessions and 7) continuous interaction between trainer and participant at a close physical distance. In summary, we are convinced that the present guideline will contribute to greater safety and effectiveness in the area of non-medical commercial WB-EMS application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen (UKER), Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Wolfgang Kemmler,
| | - Michael Fröhlich
- Department of Sports Science, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Oliver Ludwig
- Department of Sports Science, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Christoph Eifler
- German University for Prevention and Health Management, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen (UKER), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Willert
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen (UKER), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marc Teschler
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Anja Weissenfels
- Institute of Sports Science, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinz Kleinöder
- Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Micke
- Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicolas Wirtz
- Central Library for Sport Sciences, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Zinner
- University of Applied Sciences for Police and Administration of Hesse, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Wegener
- Musculoskeletal University Center, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joshua Berger
- German University for Prevention and Health Management, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alexandre Evangelista
- Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry, Center for Physical Education and Sport, University Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Stefano D’Ottavio
- Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine Department, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Abraham Carle-Calo
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
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Lin C, Sim YJ. Effect of 8-week high-intensity intermittent running exercise and weight training on muscle and DNA damage in male and female ski major college students. J Exerc Rehabil 2022; 18:376-381. [PMID: 36684532 PMCID: PMC9816618 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2244470.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed changes in blood muscle damage indicators and DNA damage indicators in lymph and urine after 8 weeks of high-intensity intermittent running and weight training in male and female college students majoring in skiing. This study aimed to find an effective training method by investigating differences in the effectiveness between men and women. A total of 20 male and female ski major college students conducted short-term high-intensity intermittent running and weight training in the morning and afternoon, respectively, 3 days a week for 8 weeks for 24 times in total. After 8 weeks of high-intensity intermittent running and weight training, changes in DNA damage indicators in the lymph and urine and muscle damage indicators in the blood were analyzed. The creatine kinase level significantly differed at rest pre-graded exercise testing (GXT) and 60 min of recovery post-GXT after training from that before training between the male and female groups. Although lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels decreased in both groups over time, no significant differences in LDH were found between the two groups. Second, DNA 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the lymph was significantly different between the two groups at rest pre-GXT and 60 min of recovery post-GXT. 8-OHdG in the urine was significantly lower in the female group only at 60 min of recovery post-GXT. Partial sex differences were found in the reduction of muscle damage and DNA damage after 8 weeks of high-intensity intermittent running and weight training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhong Lin
- School of Physical Education, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan,
China
| | - Young-Je Sim
- Department of Physical Education, Kunsan National University, Gunsan,
Korea,Corresponding author: Young-Je Sim, Department of Physical Education, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan 54150, Korea,
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Tiwari AP, Lokai T, Albin B, Yang IH. A Review on the Technological Advances and Future Perspectives of Axon Guidance and Regeneration in Peripheral Nerve Repair. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100562. [PMID: 36290530 PMCID: PMC9598559 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a significant advance in the pathophysiological understanding of peripheral nerve damage, the successful treatment of large nerve defects remains an unmet medical need. In this article, axon growth guidance for peripheral nerve regeneration was systematically reviewed and discussed mainly from the engineering perspective. In addition, the common approaches to surgery, bioengineering approaches to emerging technologies such as optogenetic stimulation and magnetic stimulation for functional recovery were discussed, along with their pros and cons. Additionally, clear future perspectives of axon guidance and nerve regeneration were addressed.
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Yamagata M, Okada S, Tsujioka Y, Takayama A, Shiozawa N, Kimura T. Effects of subthreshold electrical stimulation with white noise, pink noise, and chaotic signals on postural control during quiet standing. Gait Posture 2022; 94:39-44. [PMID: 35240552 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stochastic resonance (SR) phenomenon has been used to improve postural control through the application of imperceptible noise to the somatosensory system. White noise signals have been applied in numerous SR studies on postural control. However, because the SR effect depends on the noise structure, the stimulation effects of signals with different structures, such as pink noise and chaotic signals, on postural control, must be determined to achieve better clinical applications of SR technology. RESEARCH QUESTION During quiet standing, how is postural control affected by subthreshold electrical stimulation to the knee joints when signals with different structures (white noise, pink noise, and chaotic signals) are used? METHODS Sixteen healthy young adults stood quietly for 40 s with their eyes closed. To evaluate postural sway, we calculated the mean velocity, root mean square (CoPRMS), and range (CoPRange) values for the center of pressure (CoP) in the anteroposterior direction. The standing task was conducted under subthreshold electrical stimulation with white noise, pink noise, and chaotic signals based on the Lorenz system, in addition to the no-stimulation condition. The four stimulation conditions were randomized within each set and repeated seven times. RESULTS Significant effects of stimulation were observed in the CoPRMS and CoPRange values. The CoPRMS value under the pink noise signal was significantly lower than that under the no-stimulation condition. The CoPRange value also tended to decrease under the pink noise signal compared with the no-stimulation condition; however, the differences were not statistically significant. No significant changes were found with the white noise and chaotic signals compared with the no-stimulation condition. SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrated that the pink noise signal was more effective in reducing postural sway than the white noise and chaotic signals based on the Lorenz system during quiet standing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Yamagata
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Shima Okada
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yukiho Tsujioka
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Arisa Takayama
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Naruhiro Shiozawa
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kimura
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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10
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Kasahara K, Yoshida R, Yahata K, Sato S, Murakami Y, Aizawa K, Konrad A, Nakamura M. Comparison of the Acute Effects of Foam Rolling with High and Low Vibration Frequencies on Eccentrically Damaged Muscle. J Sports Sci Med 2022; 21:112-119. [PMID: 35250340 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that vibration foam rolling (VFR) on damaged muscle shows greater improvement in muscle soreness and range of motion (ROM) compared with foam rolling (FR) without vibration. However, the effect of frequency in VFR on muscle soreness and loss of function caused by damaged muscles is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effects of 90-s low-frequency (LF)- and high-frequency (HF)-VFR intervention on ROM, muscle soreness, muscle strength, and performance of eccentrically damaged muscle. Study participants were sedentary healthy adult volunteers (n = 28) who performed a bout of eccentric exercise of the knee extensors with the dominant leg and received 90-s LF-VFR or HF-VFR intervention of the quadriceps 48 h after the eccentric exercise. The dependent variables were measured before the eccentric exercise (baseline) and before (pre-intervention) and after VFR intervention (post-intervention) 48 h after the eccentric exercise. The results showed that both LF-VFR and HF-VFR similarly (p < 0.05) improved the knee flexion ROM (11.3 ± 7.2%), muscle soreness at palpation (-37.9 ± 17.2%), and countermovement jump height (12.4 ± 12.9%). It was concluded that it was not necessary to perform VFR with a high frequency to improve muscle soreness and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kasahara
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Riku Yoshida
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yahata
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Matsumura General Hospital 1-1 Kotaroumachi, Taira, Iwaki City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuta Murakami
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kodai Aizawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Andreas Konrad
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, Graz University, Graz, Austria
| | - Masatoshi Nakamura
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
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11
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Tabuchi A, Tanaka Y, Takagi R, Shirakawa H, Shibaguchi T, Sugiura T, Poole DC, Kano Y. Ryanodine receptors mediate high intracellular Ca 2+ and some myocyte damage following eccentric contractions in rat fast-twitch skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 322:R14-R27. [PMID: 34755549 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00166.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Eccentric contractions (ECC) facilitate cytosolic calcium ion (Ca2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space. Ca2+ is a vital signaling messenger that regulates multiple cellular processes via its spatial and temporal concentration ([Ca2+]i) dynamics. We hypothesized that 1) a specific pattern of spatial/temporal intramyocyte Ca2+ dynamics portends muscle damage following ECC and 2) these dynamics would be regulated by the ryanodine receptor (RyR). [Ca2+]i in the tibialis anterior muscles of anesthetized adult Wistar rats was measured by ratiometric (i.e., ratio, R, 340/380 nm excitation) in vivo bioimaging with Fura-2 pre-ECC and at 5 and 24 h post-ECC (5 × 40 contractions). Separate groups of rats received RyR inhibitor dantrolene (DAN; 10 mg/kg ip) immediately post-ECC (+DAN). Muscle damage was evaluated by histological analysis on hematoxylin-eosin stained muscle sections. Compared with control (CONT, no ECC), [Ca2+]i distribution was heterogeneous with increased percent total area of high [Ca2+]i sites (operationally defined as R ≥ 1.39, i.e., ≥1 SD of mean control) 5 h post-ECC (CONT, 14.0 ± 8.0; ECC5h: 52.0 ± 7.4%, P < 0.01). DAN substantially reduced the high [Ca2+]i area 5 h post-ECC (ECC5h + DAN: 6.4 ± 3.1%, P < 0.01) and myocyte damage (ECC24h, 63.2 ± 1.0%; ECC24h + DAN: 29.1 ± 2.2%, P < 0.01). Temporal and spatially amplified [Ca2+]i fluctuations occurred regardless of DAN (ECC vs. ECC + DAN, P > 0.05). These results suggest that the RyR-mediated local high [Ca2+]i itself is related to the magnitude of muscle damage, whereas the [Ca2+]i fluctuation is an RyR-independent phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Tabuchi
- Department of Engineering Science, Bioscience and Technology Program, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Japan
- Research Fellowship for Young Scientists, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tanaka
- Department of Engineering Science, Bioscience and Technology Program, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Japan
- Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Japan
| | - Ryo Takagi
- Department of Engineering Science, Bioscience and Technology Program, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Japan
- Research Fellowship for Young Scientists, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Shirakawa
- Department of Engineering Science, Bioscience and Technology Program, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Shibaguchi
- Institute of Liberal Arts and Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takao Sugiura
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, Faculty of Education, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - David C Poole
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology and Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Yutaka Kano
- Department of Engineering Science, Bioscience and Technology Program, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Japan
- Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Japan
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12
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Skiba GH, Andrade SF, Rodacki AF. Effects of functional electro-stimulation combined with blood flow restriction in affected muscles by spinal cord injury. Neurol Sci 2021; 43:603-613. [PMID: 33978870 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is a great consequence of spinal cord injuries (SCI) due to immobility. SCI's detrimental effects on large muscle groups may lead to secondary effects such as glucose intolerance, increased risk of metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Exercising with blood flow restriction (BFR) has been proposed as an effective method to induce hypertrophy using low training loads, with little or no muscle damage. This study investigated acute and chronic effects of low-intensity functional electrical stimulation (FES) combined with BFR on muscles affected by spinal cord injury. The acute effects of one bout of FES with (FES + BFR group) and without BFR (FES group) on muscle thickness (MT) and edema formation were compared. The chronic effects on MT and edema following 8 weeks of twice weekly training with and without BFR were also compared. The FES + BFR group showed MT and edema increases compared to the FES only group (p< 0.05). The FES + BFR showed a chronic MT increase after 4 weeks of training (p <0.05), with no further MT increases from the 4th to the 8th week (p>0.05). Following 3 weeks of detraining, MT decreased to baseline. No MT changes were observed in the FES (p>0.05). The FES + BF stimuli induced MT increases on the paralyzed skeletal muscles of SCI. The acute effects suggest that FES causes a greater metabolite accumulation and edema when combined with BFR. The early increases in MT can be attributed to edema, whereas after the 4th week, it is likely to be related to muscle hypertrophy. Register Clinical Trial Number on ReBeC: RBR-386rm8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel H Skiba
- Motor Behavior Studies Center/Physiology Education Post Graduation Program, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio F Andrade
- Motor Behavior Studies Center/Physiology Education Post Graduation Program, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - André F Rodacki
- Motor Behavior Studies Center/Physiology Education Post Graduation Program, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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13
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Cardiorespiratory, Metabolic and Perceived Responses to Electrical Stimulation of Upper-Body Muscles While Performing Arm Cycling. J Hum Kinet 2021; 77:117-123. [PMID: 34168697 PMCID: PMC8008305 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2021-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to assess systemic cardio-respiratory, metabolic and perceived responses to incremental arm cycling with concurrent electrical myostimulation (EMS). Eleven participants (24 ± 3 yrs; 182 ± 10 cm; 86 ± 16.8 kg) performed two incremental tests involving arm cycling until volitional exhaustion was reached with and without EMS of upper-body muscles. The peak power output was 10.1% lower during arm cycling with (128 ± 30 W) than without EMS (141 ± 25 W, p = 0.01; d = 0.47). In addition, the heart rate (2-9%), oxygen uptake (7-15%), blood lactate concentration (8-46%) and ratings of perceived exertion (4-14%) while performing submaximal arm cycling with EMS were all higher with than without EMS (all p < 0.05). Upon exhaustion, the heart rate, oxygen uptake, lactate concentration, and ratings of perceived exertion did not differ between the two conditions (all p > 0.05). In conclusion, arm cycling with EMS induced more pronounced cardio-respiratory, metabolic and perceived responses, especially during submaximal arm cycling. This form of exercise with stimulation might be beneficial for a variety of athletes competing in sports involving considerable generation of work by the upper body (e.g., kayaking, cross-country skiing, swimming, rowing and various parasports).
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14
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Fouré A, Gondin J. Skeletal Muscle Damage Produced by Electrically Evoked Muscle Contractions. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2021; 49:59-65. [PMID: 33122596 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the physiological/mechanical mechanisms leading to skeletal muscle damage remains one of the challenges in muscle physiology. This review presents the functional, structural, and cellular consequences of electrically evoked submaximal isometric contractions that can elicit severe and localized skeletal muscle damage. Hypotheses related to underlying physiological and mechanical processes involved in severe and localized muscle damage also are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Fouré
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Mouvement Biology (LIBM), University of Lyon, UCBL-Lyon1, EA 7424, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Julien Gondin
- NeuroMyoGene Institute, Univ Lyon, CNRS 5310, INSERM U1217, UCBL 1, Lyon, France
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15
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Finsterer J, Scorza FA. Atomoxetine-induced focal seizures with contralateral hypoperfusion and hyper-CKemia. Radiol Case Rep 2020; 16:369-371. [PMID: 34168713 PMCID: PMC8206568 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2020.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the drugs used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome is atomoxetine. Usually, the drug is well tolerated but in rare cases adverse advents may occur. An 18-year-old female under atomoxetine (60 mg/d) since 2 years for attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome since age 13 years, developed sudden onset headache, hemianopia to the right, hypoesthesia of the tongue and right arm, aphasia, and depersonalisation. Blood tests revealed hyper-CK-emia of 2860U/L, cerebral magnetic resonance imaging showed disturbed perfusion on the left temporo-parieto-occipital region, and electroencephalography (EEG) revealed focal slowing and spikes and sharp waves in the same projections. After discontinuation of atomoxetine, symptoms, EEG, and magnetic resonance imaging findings resolved spontaneously within 48 hours. In conclusion, atomoxetine may rarely cause severe side effects such as complex partial seizures with CK-elevation, transient hypoperfusion of the temporal, parietal and occipital lobes, and prolonged reorientation. Atomoxetine should be discontinued if such side effects occur.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fulvio A Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Margaritelis NV, Theodorou AA, Chatzinikolaou PN, Kyparos A, Nikolaidis MG, Paschalis V. Eccentric exercise per se does not affect muscle damage biomarkers: early and late phase adaptations. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 121:549-559. [PMID: 33156414 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04528-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute high-intensity unaccustomed eccentric exercise performed by naive subjects is accompanied by disturbances in muscle damage biomarkers. The aim of the study was to investigate whether a causal relationship indeed exists between eccentric exercise and muscle damage. METHODS Twenty-four men randomly assigned into a concentric only or an eccentric-only training group and performed 10 weeks of isokinetic resistance exercise (one session/week of 75 maximal knee extensors actions). Physiological markers of muscle function and damage (i.e., range of motion, delayed onset muscle soreness, isometric, concentric and eccentric peak torque) were assessed prior to and 1-3 and 5 days post each session. Biochemical markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase) and inflammation (C-reactive protein) were measured prior and 2 days post each session. RESULTS After the first bout, eccentric exercise induced greater muscle damage compared to concentric exercise; however, during the nine following sessions, this effect progressively diminished, while after the 10th week of training, no alterations in muscle damage biomarkers were observed after either exercise protocol. Additionally, strength gains at the end of the training period were comparable between the two groups and were mode-specific. CONCLUSION (1) eccentric exercise per se does not affect muscle damage biomarkers; (2) muscle damage occurs as a result of muscle unaccustomedness to this action type; (3) exercise-induced muscle damage is not a prerequisite for increased muscle strength. Collectively, we believe that muscle unaccustomedness to high-intensity eccentric exercise, and not eccentric exercise per se, is the trigger for muscle damage as indicated by muscle damage biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos V Margaritelis
- Dialysis Unit, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Anastasios A Theodorou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Panagiotis N Chatzinikolaou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Antonios Kyparos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Michalis G Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Vassilis Paschalis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Ethnikis Αntistasis 41, 17237, Athens, Greece.
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17
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Reidy PT, Edvalson LT, McKenzie AI, Petrocelli JJ, Mahmassani ZS, Drummond MJ. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation and protein during bed rest increases CD11b + skeletal muscle macrophages but does not correspond to muscle size or insulin sensitivity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:1261-1269. [PMID: 32470312 PMCID: PMC9236569 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
With this cohort, we previously demonstrated preservation of thigh lean tissue with neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with protein supplementation (NMES+PRO) treatment during bed rest in healthy older adults. Because macrophage polarization plays a significant role in the repair and maintenance of muscle size and insulin sensitivity, we hypothesized that muscle macrophages would be induced by NMES+PRO and would correspond to an increase in lean mass and an attenuated insulin resistance response altered by bed rest. Older adults (60-80 years old; body mass index < 30 kg/m2) underwent 5 days of bed rest and were randomized to either thrice daily treatment of NMES+PRO (n = 8) or CON (n = 8). Lean mass, insulin sensitivity, and markers of muscle macrophages, inflammation, and connective tissue were determined before and after bed rest. Glucose intolerance and insulin resistance occurred after bed rest but there was not a treatment effect (p > 0.10). Proinflammatory-like macrophages (CD11b+, CD206-) increased (p < 0.05) with NMES+PRO treatment and was different than CON. Minor changes in noncontractile tissue were observed. However, changes in muscle macrophages or extracellular matrix were not related to the preservation of thigh lean mass or insulin resistance. Daily NMES+PRO treatment during bed rest induced a muscle proinflammatory-like macrophage response and was unrelated to muscle size or metabolic function. This study is listed as clinical trial NCT02566590. Novelty Neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with protein supplementation (NMES+PRO) increased proinflammatory-like macrophages and extracellular matrix content in older adults after bed rest. NMES+PRO changes in macrophages and noncontractile tissue macrophages were not related to muscle size preservation or insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Reidy
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84018, USA
| | - Logan T Edvalson
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84018, USA
| | - Alec I McKenzie
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84018, USA
| | - Jonathan J Petrocelli
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84018, USA
| | - Ziad S Mahmassani
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84018, USA
| | - Micah J Drummond
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84018, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, 250 S. 1850 E, Room 214, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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18
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Uysal Ö, Delioğlu K, Firat T. The effects of hamstring training methods on muscle viscoelastic properties in healthy young individuals. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 31:371-379. [PMID: 33084051 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of hamstring training methods on the passive viscoelastic properties of hamstring and quadriceps muscles and the relationship of these properties to lower extremity power, hamstring flexibility, and agility. A total of forty healthy individuals were recruited for this study. Participants performed Nordic hamstring exercises (n = 14), hamstring curl exercises (n = 14), or received neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES; n = 13) for eight weeks. Measurements were taken both before and one week after the interventions of the viscoelastic properties of hamstring and quadriceps muscles, strength, flexibility, agility, and lower extremity power. Nordic hamstring exercises increased hamstring muscle elasticity while decreasing quadriceps and hamstring muscle stiffness; whereas leg curl exercises increased quadriceps and hamstring muscle stiffness while decreasing quadriceps muscle tone (P < .05). Both strengthening methods increased agility, hamstring flexibility, and vertical jump. NMES produced no noticeable effects. Eccentric and concentric training methods had inverse effects on both hamstring and quadriceps muscles' viscoelastic parameters, but had similar improvements on performance parameters. Since changes in viscoelastic parameters of muscle could affect musculotendinous systems' compliance, clinicians should consider viscoelastic properties over performance parameters, when prescribing concentric or eccentric exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgün Uysal
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kıvanç Delioğlu
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tüzün Firat
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
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19
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Sañudo B, Bartolomé D, Tejero S, Ponce-González JG, Loza JP, Figueroa A. Impact of Active Recovery and Whole-Body Electromyostimulation on Blood-Flow and Blood Lactate Removal in Healthy People. Front Physiol 2020; 11:310. [PMID: 32372971 PMCID: PMC7179681 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether an active recovery with added whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) can increase blood flow and lead to blood lactate removal after intense exercise. Thirty-five healthy individuals (23.1 ± 4.6 years) were randomly assigned to: (a) an experimental group using active recovery together with the WB-EMS (n = 18) or (b) a control group using the same active recovery protocol with the suit with no-stimulation (CON, n = 17). Participants performed a maximal graded exercise test followed by an active recovery protocol (walking at 40% of their maximum aerobic velocity). During the recovery, participants in WB-EMS and CON received continuous stimulation at 7 Hz or no stimulation, respectively. Heart rate, blood lactate concentrations, pain/discomfort, and hemodynamic measurements were recorded before and after the test, and repeated immediately after and at min 30 and 60. The between-group analysis showed a substantially greater Peak blood velocity (-0.27 [-0.68; 0.14]) in WB-EMS compared to CON. The pain/discomfort levels were also lower in WB-EMS compared with CON (0.66 [-0.12; 1.45]). Non-significant differences in participants' blood lactate were observed in WB-EMS compared with CON both immediately; at 30and 60 min. Our findings suggest that increased local blood flow induced by WB-EMS may have contributed to greater lactate removal from active muscles and blood lactate clearance. WB-EMS may be an effective means of increasing muscle blood flow after a maximal graded exercise test and could result in improved recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Sañudo
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Diego Bartolomé
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canarias, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Sergio Tejero
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, HU Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Jesús Gustavo Ponce-González
- MOVE-IT Research group and Departament of Didáctica de la Educación Física, Plástica y Musical, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Sciences of the Province of Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Loza
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, HU Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Arturo Figueroa
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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20
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O'Connor D, Lennon O, Minogue C, Caulfield B. Design considerations for the development of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) exercise in cancer rehabilitation. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 43:3117-3126. [PMID: 32116053 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1726510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this narrative review is to explore design considerations for effective neuromuscular electrical stimulation exercise prescription in cancer rehabilitation, with simultaneous consideration for fundamental principles of exercise training and the current state of the art in neuromuscular electrical stimulation technologies and application methodologies.Method: Narrative review.Results: First, we consider the key neuromuscular electrical stimulation exercise design considerations, with a focus on training objectives and individual training requirements and constraints for individuals with cancer. Here, we contend that concurrent, low and high frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation exercise, individually prescribed and progressed may be optimal for enhancing physical function. Second, we review the appropriate literature to identify the most appropriate stimulation parameters (pulse frequency, intensity, duration and duty cycle) to deliver effective neuromuscular electrical stimulation in cancer rehabilitation.Conclusions: We propose an informed and innovative neuromuscular electrical stimulation exercise intervention design and provide practical information for clinicians and practitioners who may work with and implement neuromuscular electrical stimulation exercise in cancer.Implications for rehabilitationNeuromuscular electrical stimulation is an emerging technology in cancer rehabilitation to help provide an aerobic and muscle strengthening exercise stimulus.Neuromuscular electrical stimulation may help improve aerobic exercise capacity, muscle strength and augment quality of life.Current prescription in cancer lacks adherence to the fundamental principles of exercise training, which may negatively affect adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic O'Connor
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Olive Lennon
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Brian Caulfield
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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21
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Jówko E, Płaszewski M, Cieśliński M, Sacewicz T, Cieśliński I, Jarocka M. The effect of low level laser irradiation on oxidative stress, muscle damage and function following neuromuscular electrical stimulation. A double blind, randomised, crossover trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2019; 11:38. [PMID: 31890228 PMCID: PMC6933902 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-019-0147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is among novel methods for preventing and treating muscle damage and soreness induced by volitional exercise, but little is known about using LLLT before neuromuscular electrical stimulation. The aim of this first randomised, double blind, crossover trial addressing this issue was to evaluate effects of LLLT on muscle damage and oxidative stress, as well as recovery of muscle function after a single session of isometric neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES). Methods Twenty four moderately active, healthy men aged 21–22 years received 45 electrically evoked tetanic, isometric contractions of the quadriceps femoris, preceded by LLLT or sham-LLLT. Maximal isometric voluntary muscle torques, perceived soreness, and blood samples were analysed from baseline to 96 h post intervention. We measured plasma markers of muscle damage (the activity of creatine kinase), and inflammation (C-reactive protein), and evaluated redox state parameters. Results NMES-evoked contractions induced oxidative stress, demonstrated by an increase in lipid peroxidation and impairments in enzymatic antioxidant system. LLLT irradiations had a protective effect on NMES-induced decrease in enzymatic antioxidant defence and shortened the duration of inflammation. This effect of irradiations on redox state and inflammation did not affect lipid peroxidation, muscle damage, and muscle torque. Conclusions LLLT may protect from impairments in enzymatic antioxidant system and may shorten inflammation induced by a single NMES session in moderately active, healthy men. However, the effects of LLLT on redox state and inflammatory processes do not seem to affect muscle damage and recovery of muscle function after NMES. Trial registration The study was retrospectively registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR); The trial registration number: ACTRN12619000678190; date of registration: 6 May 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jówko
- 1Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw; Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Chair of Natural Sciences, Akademicka 2, 21-500 Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | - Maciej Płaszewski
- 2Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw; Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Chair of Rehabilitation, Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | - Maciej Cieśliński
- 2Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw; Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Chair of Rehabilitation, Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sacewicz
- 1Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw; Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Chair of Natural Sciences, Akademicka 2, 21-500 Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | - Igor Cieśliński
- 2Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw; Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Chair of Rehabilitation, Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | - Marta Jarocka
- 2Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw; Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Chair of Rehabilitation, Biała Podlaska, Poland
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22
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Sanchis-Gomar F, Lopez-Lopez S, Romero-Morales C, Maffulli N, Lippi G, Pareja-Galeano H. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation: A New Therapeutic Option for Chronic Diseases Based on Contraction-Induced Myokine Secretion. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1463. [PMID: 31849710 PMCID: PMC6894042 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myokines are peptides known to modulate brain neuroplasticity, adipocyte metabolism, bone mineralization, endothelium repair and cell growth arrest in colon and breast cancer, among other processes. Repeated skeletal muscle contraction induces the production and secretion of myokines, which have a wide range of functions in different tissues and organs. This new role of skeletal muscle as a secretory organ means skeletal muscle contraction could be a key player in the prevention and/or management of chronic disease. However, some individuals are not capable of optimal physical exercise in terms of adequate duration, intensity or muscles involved, and therefore they may be virtually deprived of at least some of the physiological benefits induced by exercise. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is emerging as an effective physical exercise substitute for myokine induction. NMES is safe and efficient and has been shown to improve muscle strength, functional capacity, and quality of life. This alternative exercise modality elicits hypertrophy and neuromuscular adaptations of skeletal muscles. NMES stimulates circulating myokine secretion, promoting a cascade of endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine effects. We review the current evidence supporting NMES as an effective physical exercise substitute for inducing myokine production and its potential applications in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Lopez-Lopez
- Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Yasue M, Ueda T, Fukuda T, Adachi T, Ozaki Y. The Difference Between Movement and Self-Recognition in Children Performing the Standing Long Jump. Glob Pediatr Health 2019; 6:2333794X19890767. [PMID: 31803795 PMCID: PMC6878605 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x19890767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between the recognition of movement and actual movement during the standing long jump. A total of 11 healthy elementary school children from 10 to 11 years of age participated in this study. Participants conducted standing long jumps (the target movement) after receiving video instruction. They were then tested on their recognition of the target movement according to an image. A total of 12 markers were then attached to each participant to measure the actual movements taken during subsequent performances of the target movement. They were then tested on the recognition of their own movements (a self-evaluation). The results were as follows: maximum shoulder angle was observed prior to each jump; this became successively lower in the image review, actual movement, and self-evaluation procedures. Knee flexion angle successively decreased in the actual, target, self-evaluation, and image movements during the railway crossing procedure. While jumping, the maximum shoulder angle was significantly larger in the target movement than the actual (P < .01) movement, but the actual movement was significantly lower than the image (P < .001) and self-evaluation (P < .001) movements. The angle between the perpendicular from the acromion and the line segment connecting the acromion to the lateral malleolus successively decreased in the target, image, self-evaluation, and actual movements. Thus, there were obvious points at which it was either easier or more difficult for subjects to recognize movements. Points of relative ease and difficulty were also identified during performance of the target movement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeshi Ueda
- Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Takeshi Ueda, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.
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Muscle alterations induced by electrostimulation are lower at short quadriceps femoris length. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 120:325-335. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Filipovic A, DeMarees M, Grau M, Hollinger A, Seeger B, Schiffer T, Bloch W, Gehlert S. Superimposed Whole-Body Electrostimulation Augments Strength Adaptations and Type II Myofiber Growth in Soccer Players During a Competitive Season. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1187. [PMID: 31607944 PMCID: PMC6768094 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The improvement of strength and athletic performance during a competitive season in elite soccer players is a demanding task for the coach. Aims As whole-body electrostimulation (WB-EMS) training provides a time efficient stimulation potentially capable in exerting skeletal muscle adaptations we aimed to test this approach over 7 weeks in trained male soccer players during a competitive season. Hypothesis We hypothesized that a superimposed WB-EMS will increase maximal strength and type I and type II myofiber hypertrophy. Methods Twenty-eight male field soccer players were assigned in either a WB-EMS group (EG, n = 10), a training group (TG, n = 10), or a control group (CG, n = 8). The regular soccer training consists of two to four sessions and one match per week. In concurrent, the EG performed 3 × 10 squat jumps superimposed with WB-EMS twice per week, TG performed 3 × 10 squat jumps without EMS twice per week, and the CG only performed the regular soccer training. Muscle biopsies were collected and strength tests were performed under resting conditions before (Baseline) and after the intervention period (Posttest). Muscle biopsies were analyzed via western blotting and immunohistochemistry for skeletal muscle adaptive responses. To determine the effect of the training interventions a 2 × 3 (time ∗ group) mixed ANOVA with repeated measures was conducted. Results Maximal strength in leg press (p = 0.009) and leg curl (p = 0.026) was significantly increased in EG along with a small but significant increase in type II myofiber diameter (p = 0.023). All of these adaptations were not observed in TG and CG. Conclusion WB-EMS can serve as a time efficient training method to augment strength capacities and type II fiber myofiber growth in soccer players when combined with specific resistance training. This combination may therefore be a promising training modification compared to traditional strength training for performance enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Filipovic
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus DeMarees
- Section of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Faculty of Sports Science, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marijke Grau
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Hollinger
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Benedikt Seeger
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schiffer
- Outpatient Clinic for Sports Traumatology and Public Health Consultation, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gehlert
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Sport Science, Biosciences of Sports, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
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Johannsen AD, Krogh TP. Rhabdomyolysis in an elite dancer after training with electromyostimulation: A case report. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thøger P. Krogh
- Diagnostic Centre Silkeborg Regional Hospital Silkeborg Denmark
- The Danish, National Elite Sport Centre Team Denmark Aarhus Denmark
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27
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Fouré A, Troter A, Ogier AC, Guye M, Gondin J, Bendahan D. Spatial difference can occur between activated and damaged muscle areas following electrically‐induced isometric contractions. J Physiol 2019; 597:4227-4236. [DOI: 10.1113/jp278205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Fouré
- Aix‐Marseille UniversitéCNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339 13385 Marseille France
- APHMHôpital Universitaire Timone CEMEREM 13005 Marseille France
- Université de Lyon (UCBL1)Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la MotricitéEA7424 Villeurbanne France
| | - Arnaud Troter
- Aix‐Marseille UniversitéCNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339 13385 Marseille France
| | - Augustin C. Ogier
- Aix‐Marseille UniversitéUniversité de Toulon, CNRS LIS UMR 7020 13385 Marseille France
| | - Maxime Guye
- Aix‐Marseille UniversitéCNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339 13385 Marseille France
- APHMHôpital Universitaire Timone CEMEREM 13005 Marseille France
| | - Julien Gondin
- Aix‐Marseille UniversitéCNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339 13385 Marseille France
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université de Lyon (UCBL1)CNRS 5310 INSERM U1217 Lyon France
| | - David Bendahan
- Aix‐Marseille UniversitéCNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339 13385 Marseille France
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Latimer LE, Constantin D, Greening NJ, Calvert L, Menon MK, Steiner MC, Greenhaff PL. Impact of transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation or resistance exercise on skeletal muscle mRNA expression in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2019; 14:1355-1364. [PMID: 31308645 PMCID: PMC6612952 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s189896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Voluntary resistance exercise (RE) training increases muscle mass and strength in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nonvolitional transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) may be an alternative strategy for reducing ambulatory muscle weakness in patients unable to perform RE training, but little comparative data are available. This study, therefore, investigated changes in muscle mRNA abundance of a number of gene targets in response to a single bout of NMES compared with RE. Methods: Twenty-six patients with stable COPD (15 male; FEV1, 43±18% predicted; age, 64±8 years; fat free mass index, 16.6±1.8 kg/m2) undertook 30 minutes of quadriceps NMES (50 Hz, current at the limit of tolerance) or 5×30 maximal voluntary isokinetic knee extensions. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained at rest immediately before and 24 hours after intervention. Expression of 384 targeted mRNA transcripts was assessed by real time TaqMan PCR. Significant change in expression from baseline was determined using the ΔΔCT method with a false discovery rate (FDR) of <5%. Results: NMES and RE altered mRNA abundance of 18 and 68 genes, respectively (FDR <5%), of which 14 genes were common to both interventions and of the same magnitude of fold change. Biological functions of upregulated genes included inflammation, hypertrophy, muscle protein turnover, and muscle growth, whilst downregulated genes included mitochondrial and cell signaling functions. Conclusions: Compared with NMES, RE had a broader impact on mRNA abundance and, therefore, appears to be the superior intervention for maximizing transcriptional responses in the quadriceps of patients with COPD. However, if voluntary RE is not feasible in a clinical setting, NMES by modifying expression of genes known to impact upon muscle mass and strength may have a positive influence on muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna E Latimer
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Institute for Lung Health, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Despina Constantin
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK (MRC/ARUK) Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Neil J Greening
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Institute for Lung Health, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Lori Calvert
- Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough City Hospital, Bretton, UK
| | - Manoj K Menon
- Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Chest Clinic, King George Hospital, Ilford, UK
| | - Michael C Steiner
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Institute for Lung Health, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Paul L Greenhaff
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK (MRC/ARUK) Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Filipovic A, Bizjak D, Tomschi F, Bloch W, Grau M. Influence of Whole-Body Electrostimulation on the Deformability of Density-Separated Red Blood Cells in Soccer Players. Front Physiol 2019; 10:548. [PMID: 31156450 PMCID: PMC6530393 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell nitric oxide synthase (RBC-NOS) dependent NO production positively affects RBC deformability which is known to improve oxygen supply to the working tissue. Whole-body electrostimulation (WB-EMS) has been shown to improve maximum strength, sprinting and jumping performance, and to increase deformability in elite soccer players during the season. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether WB-EMS affects RBC turnover which might affect overall deformability of circulating RBC by rejuvenation of the RBC population and if this might be related to improved endurance capacity. Thirty male field soccer players were assigned in either a WB-EMS group (EG, n = 10), a training group (TG, n = 10), or a control group (CG, n = 10). EG performed 3 × 10 squat jumps superimposed with WB-EMS twice per week in concurrent to 2-4 soccer training sessions and one match per week. TG only performed 3 × 10 squat jumps without EMS in addition to their soccer routine and the CG only performed the usual soccer training and match per week. Subjects were tested before (Baseline) and in week 7 (wk-7), with blood sampling before (Pre), 15-30 min after (Post), and 24 h after (24 h post) the training. Endurance capacity was determined before and directly after the training period. The key findings of the investigation indicate an increase in young RBC in the EG group along with improved overall RBC deformability, represented by decreased SS1/2:EImax Ratio. Analysis of the different RBC subfractions revealed improved RBC deformability of old RBC during study period. This improvement was not only observed in the EG but also in TG and CG. Changes in RBC deformability were not associated to altered RBC-NOS/NO signaling pathway. Endurance capacity remained unchanged during study period. In summary, the effect of WB-EMS on RBC physiology seems to be rather low and results are only in part comparable to previous findings. According to the lower training volume of the present study it can be speculated that the soccer specific training load in addition to the WB-EMS was too low to induce changes in RBC physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Filipovic
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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30
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Pano-Rodriguez A, Beltran-Garrido JV, Hernández-González V, Reverter-Masia J. Effects of whole-body ELECTROMYOSTIMULATION on health and performance: a systematic review. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:87. [PMID: 31014310 PMCID: PMC6480820 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2485-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole-body electrical myostimulation (WB-EMS) is a relatively recent training methodology that has been extraordinarily used in recent years. However, there is a lack of consensus on the effectiveness of WB-EMS in the situations in which its use has been largely popularized. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the effects produced by WB-EMS. METHODS A search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane was performed to identify all the studies that have applied electrical stimulation in lower and upper limbs simultaneously and that have clearly presented their protocols for the training and application of the stimulation. The last search was performed on September 9, 2018. Studies written in English or German were included. RESULTS A total of 21 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed following the guidelines of the Cochrane Guide for Systematic Reviews. Nineteen studies analyzed the chronic effects of WB-EMS, and 2 analyzed acute effects with a total of 505 subjects (310 men and 195 women). In total, 35% were moderately trained, and 65% were sedentary subjects. Different dependent variables were studied, such as anthropometric parameters, strength parameters, energy expenditure, psychophysiological parameters and blood parameters. There is a lack of randomized controlled studies, and the studies included exhibit a moderate to high level of risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS Given the limited number of available studies on WB-EMS, the scarce amount of scientific evidence found does not allow definitive conclusions about its effects; therefore, future studies about WB-EMS are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Pano-Rodriguez
- Research Group Human Movement, University of Lleida, Av. de l’Estudi Generaln.4 E-25001Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Vicenç Hernández-González
- Research Group Human Movement, University of Lleida, Av. de l’Estudi Generaln.4 E-25001Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Joaquim Reverter-Masia
- Research Group Human Movement, University of Lleida, Av. de l’Estudi Generaln.4 E-25001Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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31
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Garcia-Vicencio S, Ratel S, Gryson C, Masgrau A, Piponnier E, Brasy J, Ruyet PL, Bucas M, Barachon N, Visseaux V, Connan Y, Montel F, Lahaye C, Boirie Y, Martin V. A Moderate Supplementation of Native Whey Protein Promotes Better Muscle Training and Recovery Adaptations Than Standard Whey Protein - A 12-Week Electrical Stimulation and Plyometrics Training Study. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1312. [PMID: 30319437 PMCID: PMC6168738 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess if native whey protein (NW) supplementation could promote recovery and training adaptations after an electrostimulation (ES) training program combined to plyometrics training. Participants were allocated into three groups, supplemented 5 days/week, either with 15 g of carbohydrates + 15 g of NW (n = 17), 15 g of carbohydrates + 15 g of standard whey protein (SW; n = 15), or placebo (PLA; 30 g of carbohydrates; n = 10), while undergoing a 12-week ES training program of the knee extensors. Concentric power (Pmax) was evaluated before, immediately after, as well as 30 min, 60 min, 24 h, and 48 h after the 1st, 4th and last ES training session. The maximal voluntary contraction torque (MVC), twitch amplitude, anatomical cross-sectional area (CSA) and maximal voluntary activation level (VA) were measured before (T0), and after 6 (T1) and 12 weeks of training (T2). Pmax recovery kinetics differed between groups (p < 0.01). Pmax started to recover at 30 min in NW, 24 h in SW and 48 h in PLA. Training adaptations also differed between groups: MVC increased between T0 and T2 in NW (+11.8%, p < 0.001) and SW (+7.1%, p < 0.05), but not PLA. Nevertheless, the adaptation kinetics differed: MVC increased in NW and SW between T0 and T1, but an additional gain was only observed between T1 and T2 in NW. VA declined at T1 and T2 in PLA (−3.9%, p < 0.05), at T2 in SW (−3.5%, p < 0.05), and was unchanged in NW. CSA increased, but did not differ between groups. These results suggest that NW could promote a faster recovery and neuromuscular adaptations after training than SW. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect remain to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sébastien Ratel
- AME2P, CRNH Auvergne, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Céline Gryson
- AME2P, CRNH Auvergne, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aurélie Masgrau
- AME2P, CRNH Auvergne, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Enzo Piponnier
- AME2P, CRNH Auvergne, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yann Connan
- Lactalis Ingredients USA, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Florence Montel
- Clinical Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Clément Lahaye
- Clinical Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- Clinical Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Human Nutrition Unit, INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Martin
- AME2P, CRNH Auvergne, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Kletzien H, Russell JA, Leverson G, Connor NP. Effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation frequency on muscles of the tongue. Muscle Nerve 2018; 58:441-448. [PMID: 29797723 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for the treatment of swallowing disorders is delivered at a variety of stimulation frequencies. We examined the effects of stimulation frequency on tongue muscle plasticity in an aging rat model. METHODS Eighty-six young, middle-aged, and old rats were assigned to either bilateral hypoglossal nerve stimulation at 10 or 100 Hz (5 days/week, 8 weeks), sham, or no-implantation conditions. Muscle contractile properties and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition were determined for hyoglossus (HG) and styloglossus (SG) muscles. RESULTS Eight weeks of 100-Hz stimulation resulted in the greatest changes in muscle contractile function with significantly longer contraction and half-decay times, the greatest reduction in fatigue, and a transition toward slowly contracting, fatigue-resistant MyHC isoforms. DISCUSSION NMES at 100-Hz induced considerable changes in contractile and phenotypic profiles of HG and SG muscles, suggesting higher frequency NMES may yield a greater therapeutic effect. Muscle Nerve, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Kletzien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Room 481, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - John A Russell
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Glen Leverson
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nadine P Connor
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Stöllberger C, Finsterer J. Side effects of whole-body electro-myo-stimulation. Wien Med Wochenschr 2018; 169:173-180. [PMID: 30141113 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-018-0655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Whole-body-electro-myo-stimulation (WB-EMS) has been introduced as an alternative to physical training. The aim of the review is to summarize the data about indications and side effects of WB-EMS.A literature search in PubMed disclosed 11 randomized trials, 3 cohort studies, and 7 case reports. From healthy volunteers, enormous creatine kinase (CK) elevations were reported. There is a lack of data about biological consequences of WB-EMS on other organs. In randomized trials, CK levels were not investigated, but several patients discontinued WB-EMS because of "muscular discomfort." Contraindications for WB-EMS are not clearly defined. Nine cases of rhabdomyolysis after WB-EMS were found, preferentially after the first application.Regulatory authorities should increase the safety of WB-EMS. Patients with a history of rhabdomyolysis should not undergo WB-EMS and those experiencing rhabdomyolysis should be neurologically investigated. Since the value of WB-EMS as an alternative to physical exercise is uncertain, we need to proof or disproof its benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stöllberger
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Juchgasse 25, 1030, Wien, Austria. .,, Steingasse 31/18, 1030, Wien, Austria.
| | - Josef Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Juchgasse 25, 1030, Wien, Austria
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Neuromuscular Fatigue After Repeated Jumping With Concomitant Electrical Stimulation. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2017; 12:1335-1340. [PMID: 28338357 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2016-0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the etiology and extent of neuromuscular fatigue induced by 50 squat jumps performed with and without neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) of the knee extensors. METHODS Nine healthy, recreationally active men (24 ± 2 y) took part in 2 experiments. These consisted of 50 squat jumps performed with stimulation (NMES) or without (CON). Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force, maximal voluntary activation level (VAL), and forces evoked by single and double (10 and 100 Hz) stimulations were recorded before and after the 50 jumps. NMES was delivered at the maximal tolerated intensity. RESULTS Despite average jump height being ∼16% lower in the NMES than in the CON session, a reduction over time in jump height was only found in the NMES condition (-6%). After the 50 jumps, MVC force was reduced to a greater extent in NMES than in CON (-25% ± 11% vs -11% ± 12%). Similarly, forces evoked by single stimulations, as well as by 10-Hz and 100-Hz paired stimulations, were reduced to a greater extent in NMES (-33% ± 12%, -42% ± 15%, and -25% ± 13%) than in CON (-21% ± 6%, -30% ± 9%, and -14% ± 11%). VAL was not significantly altered by either condition. CONCLUSION Performing repeated squat jumps with concomitant NMES induced a greater fatigue than squat jumps performed alone and might potentially represent a stronger training stimulus.
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Bochkezanian V, Newton RU, Trajano GS, Vieira A, Pulverenti TS, Blazevich AJ. Effect of tendon vibration during wide-pulse neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on the decline and recovery of muscle force. BMC Neurol 2017; 17:82. [PMID: 28464800 PMCID: PMC5414318 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-017-0862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is commonly used to activate skeletal muscles and reverse muscle atrophy in clinical populations. Clinical recommendations for NMES suggest the use of short pulse widths (100-200 μs) and low-to-moderate pulse frequencies (30-50 Hz). However, this type of NMES causes rapid muscle fatigue due to the (non-physiological) high stimulation intensities and non-orderly recruitment of motor units. The use of both wide pulse widths (1000 μs) and tendon vibration might optimize motor unit activation through spinal reflex pathways and thus delay the onset of muscle fatigue, increasing muscle force and mass. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine the acute effects of patellar tendon vibration superimposed onto wide-pulse width (1000 μs) knee extensor electrical stimulation (NMES, 30 Hz) on peak muscle force, total impulse before "muscle fatigue", and the post-exercise recovery of muscle function. METHODS Tendon vibration (Vib), NMES (STIM) or NMES superimposed onto vibration (STIM + Vib) were applied in separate sessions to 16 healthy adults. Total torque-time integral (TTI), maximal voluntary contraction torque (MVIC) and indirect measures of muscle damage were tested before, immediately after, 1 h and 48 h after each stimulus. RESULTS TTI increased (145.0 ± 127.7%) in STIM only for "positive responders" to the tendon vibration (8/16 subjects), but decreased in "negative responders" (-43.5 ± 25.7%). MVIC (-8.7%) and rectus femoris electromyography (RF EMG) (-16.7%) decreased after STIM (group effect) for at least 1 h, but not after STIM + Vib. No changes were detected in indirect markers of muscle damage in any condition. CONCLUSIONS Tendon vibration superimposed onto wide-pulse width NMES increased TTI only in 8 of 16 subjects, but reduced voluntary force loss (fatigue) ubiquitously. Negative responders to tendon vibration may derive greater benefit from wide-pulse width NMES alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Bochkezanian
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia. .,Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia.
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia.,UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gabriel S Trajano
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Timothy S Pulverenti
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Anthony J Blazevich
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
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Spector P, Laufer Y, Elboim Gabyzon M, Kittelson A, Stevens Lapsley J, Maffiuletti NA. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Therapy to Restore Quadriceps Muscle Function in Patients After Orthopaedic Surgery: A Novel Structured Approach. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2016; 98:2017-2024. [PMID: 27926683 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.16.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Spector
- 1Human Performance Laboratory, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland 2Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel 3Muscle Performance Lab, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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Glaviano NR, Saliba S. Can the Use of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Be Improved to Optimize Quadriceps Strengthening? Sports Health 2016; 8:79-85. [PMID: 26582349 PMCID: PMC4702160 DOI: 10.1177/1941738115618174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a common modality used to retrain muscles and improve muscular strength after injury or surgery, particularly for the quadriceps muscle. There are parameter adjustments that can be made to maximize the effectiveness of NMES. While NMES is often used in clinical practice, there are some limitations that clinicians should be aware of, including patient discomfort, muscle fatigue, and muscle damage. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION PubMed was searched through August 2014 and all articles cross-referenced. STUDY DESIGN Clinical review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. RESULTS Clinicians can optimize torque production and decrease discomfort by altering parameter selection (pulse duration, pulse frequency, duty cycle, and amplitude). Pulse duration of 400 to 600 μs and a pulse frequency of 30 to 50 Hz appear to be the most effective parameters to optimize torque output while minimizing discomfort, muscle fatigue, or muscle damage. Optimal electrode placement, conditioning programs, and stimulus pattern modulation during long-term NMES use may improve results. CONCLUSION Torque production can be enhanced while decreasing patient discomfort and minimizing fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal R. Glaviano
- Department of Kinesiology, Exercise and Sport Injury Laboratory, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Neal R. Glaviano, MEd, ATC, Exercise and Sport Injury Laboratory, University of Virginia, Memorial Gymnasium, PO Box 400407, Charlottesville, VA 22904 ()
| | - Susan Saliba
- Curry School of Education, Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Silva PE, Babault N, Mazullo JB, de Oliveira TP, Lemos BL, Carvalho VO, Durigan JLQ. Safety and feasibility of a neuromuscular electrical stimulation chronaxie-based protocol in critical ill patients: A prospective observational study. J Crit Care 2016; 37:141-148. [PMID: 27732921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) protocol based on neuromuscular excitability and applied in numerous muscle groups of critical ill patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a prospective observational study using an NMES applied daily and bilaterally into 5 muscle groups in lower limbs for 3 consecutive days. The characteristics of NMES were 90 contractions per muscle, pulse width equal to chronaxie, and a pulse frequency of 100 Hz. We assessed safety with central venous oxygen saturation, serum lactate, and creatine phosphokinase measurements. To evaluate feasibility, we recorded the time spent for the entire NMES protocol and the number of NMES sessions completed. RESULTS Eleven male patients finished the study. There were no significant changes observed in creatine phosphokinase from baseline up to 96 hours: 470(±270) IU/L and 455(±240) IU/L (P>.99). Central venous oxygen saturation and serum lactate had the same pattern with no significant variations (P=.23 and P=.8, respectively). The time spent during the whole procedure and the number of complete NMES sessions performed were 107±24 minutes and 84 sessions (85%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that NMES chronaxie-based protocol is safe and feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Eugênio Silva
- Physical Therapy Division, University Hospital of Brasília, University of Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil; Health Sciences and Technologies PhD Program, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil.
| | - Nicolas Babault
- Centre d'Expertise de la Performance G. Cometti, UFR STAPS, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | - Vitor Oliveira Carvalho
- Physical Therapy Division, Federal University of Sergipe, The GrEAt Group (Grupo de Estudos de Atividade Fisica), Sergipe, Brazil
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Hong JY, Hyeok Oh J, Shin JH. Rhabdomyolysis caused by knee push-ups with whole body electromyostimulation. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2016; 77:542-3. [PMID: 27640660 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2016.77.9.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Hong
- Clinical Assistant Professor in the Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Hyeok Oh
- Assistant Professor in the Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Shin
- Clinical Assistant Professor in the Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Renton B. A fractured peripherally inserted central catheter line: a rare but serious complication. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2016; 77:543. [PMID: 27640661 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2016.77.9.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Renton
- Consultant in Acute Medicine in the Department of Acute Medicine, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool L7 8XP
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Saini J, McPhee JS, Al-Dabbagh S, Stewart CE, Al-Shanti N. Regenerative function of immune system: Modulation of muscle stem cells. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 27:67-76. [PMID: 27039885 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is characterised by progressive deterioration of physiological systems and the loss of skeletal muscle mass is one of the most recognisable, leading to muscle weakness and mobility impairments. This review highlights interactions between the immune system and skeletal muscle stem cells (widely termed satellite cells or myoblasts) to influence satellite cell behaviour during muscle regeneration after injury, and outlines deficits associated with ageing. Resident neutrophils and macrophages in skeletal muscle become activated when muscle fibres are damaged via stimuli (e.g. contusions, strains, avulsions, hyperextensions, ruptures) and release high concentrations of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors into the microenvironment. These localised responses serve to attract additional immune cells which can reach in excess of 1×10(5) immune cell/mm(3) of skeletal muscle in order to orchestrate the repair process. T-cells have a delayed response, reaching peak activation roughly 4 days after the initial damage. The cytokines and growth factors released by activated T-cells play a key role in muscle satellite cell proliferation and migration, although the precise mechanisms of these interactions remain unclear. T-cells in older people display limited ability to activate satellite cell proliferation and migration which is likely to contribute to insufficient muscle repair and, consequently, muscle wasting and weakness. If the factors released by T-cells to activate satellite cells can be identified, it may be possible to develop therapeutic agents to enhance muscle regeneration and reduce the impact of muscle wasting during ageing and disease.
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Mizumura K, Taguchi T. Delayed onset muscle soreness: Involvement of neurotrophic factors. J Physiol Sci 2016; 66:43-52. [PMID: 26467448 PMCID: PMC10716961 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is quite a common consequence of unaccustomed strenuous exercise, especially exercise containing eccentric contraction (lengthening contraction, LC). Its typical sign is mechanical hyperalgesia (tenderness and movement related pain). Its cause has been commonly believed to be micro-damage of the muscle and subsequent inflammation. Here we present a brief historical overview of the damage-inflammation theory followed by a discussion of our new findings. Different from previous observations, we have observed mechanical hyperalgesia in rats 1-3 days after LC without any apparent microscopic damage of the muscle or signs of inflammation. With our model we have found that two pathways are involved in inducing mechanical hyperalgesia after LC: activation of the B2 bradykinin receptor-nerve growth factor (NGF) pathway and activation of the COX-2-glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) pathway. These neurotrophic factors were produced by muscle fibers and/or satellite cells. This means that muscle fiber damage is not essential, although it is sufficient, for induction of DOMS, instead, NGF and GDNF produced by muscle fibers/satellite cells play crucial roles in DOMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Mizumura
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501 Japan
| | - Toru Taguchi
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
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Localization and quantification of intramuscular damage using statistical parametric mapping and skeletal muscle parcellation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18580. [PMID: 26689827 PMCID: PMC4686971 DOI: 10.1038/srep18580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we proposed an original and robust methodology which combines the spatial normalization of skeletal muscle images, the statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis and the use of a specific parcellation in order to accurately localize and quantify the extent of skeletal muscle damage within the four heads of the quadriceps femoris. T2 maps of thigh muscles were characterized before, two (D2) and four (D4) days after 40 maximal isometric electrically-evoked contractions in 25 healthy young males. On the basis of SPM analysis of coregistrated T2 maps, the alterations were similarly detected at D2 and D4 in the superficial and distal regions of the vastus medialis (VM) whereas the proportion of altered muscle was higher in deep muscle regions of the vastus lateralis at D4 (deep: 35 ± 25%, superficial: 23 ± 15%) as compared to D2 (deep: 18 ± 13%, superficial: 17 ± 13%). The present methodology used for the first time on skeletal muscle would be of utmost interest to detect subtle intramuscular alterations not only for the diagnosis of muscular diseases but also for assessing the efficacy of potential therapeutic interventions and clinical treatment strategies.
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45
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Two Cases of Rhabdomyolysis After Training With Electromyostimulation by 2 Young Male Professional Soccer Players. Clin J Sport Med 2015; 25:e71-3. [PMID: 25353720 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report 2 cases of enormously elevated creatine kinase (CK) activity after training with electromyostimulation (EMS) by 2 young male professional soccer players. In one of them, a single training session with EMS caused exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis with a maximal CK activity of 240 000 U/L. These cases illustrate that unaccustomed EMS exercise may be harmful and can cause rhabdomyolysis even in highly trained athletes and even after 1 single session. Thus, EMS has to be conducted carefully especially by individuals who are known to frequently show notable increases in CK activity even after modest training stimuli. We suggest that EMS should not be applied as sole training stimulus and should not be conducted by strength training beginners. Furthermore, we recommend controlling plasma CK activity and urine color for beginners with EMS when they report strong muscle ache. Athletes with signs of rhabdomyolysis after EMS should be brought to hospital for monitoring of renal function and possible further treatment.
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46
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Herzig D, Maffiuletti NA, Eser P. The Application of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Training in Various Non-neurologic Patient Populations: A Narrative Review. PM R 2015; 7:1167-1178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Jauchem JR. Exposures to conducted electrical weapons (including TASER® devices): how many and for how long are acceptable? J Forensic Sci 2014; 60 Suppl 1:S116-29. [PMID: 25443856 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
TASER(®) conducted electrical weapons (CEWs) are an important law-enforcement tool. The purposes of this study are a) to review recent literature regarding potential pathophysiological responses to applications of CEWs, and other related issues and b) to evaluate whether enough data exist to determine the acceptability of longer-duration (or repeated) exposures. This is a narrative review, using a multidisciplinary approach of analyzing reports from physiological, legal-medical, and police-strategy literature sources. In general, short-duration exposures to CEWs result in limited effects. Longer-duration or repeated exposures may be utilized with caution, although there are currently not enough data to determine the acceptability of all types of exposures. Data examined in the literature have inherent limitations. Appropriateness of specific types of CEW usage may be determined by individual police agencies, applying risk/benefit analyses unique to each organization. While more research is recommended, initial concepts of potential future long-duration or repeated CEW applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Jauchem
- Bio-effects Division, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234
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48
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GOTO KAZUSHIGE, MORISHIMA TAKUMA. Compression Garment Promotes Muscular Strength Recovery after Resistance Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014; 46:2265-70. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fouré A, Nosaka K, Wegrzyk J, Duhamel G, Le Troter A, Boudinet H, Mattei JP, Vilmen C, Jubeau M, Bendahan D, Gondin J. Time course of central and peripheral alterations after isometric neuromuscular electrical stimulation-induced muscle damage. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107298. [PMID: 25215511 PMCID: PMC4162582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Isometric contractions induced by neuromuscular electrostimulation (NMES) have been shown to result in a prolonged force decrease but the time course of the potential central and peripheral factors have never been investigated. This study examined the specific time course of central and peripheral factors after isometric NMES-induced muscle damage. Twenty-five young healthy men were subjected to an NMES exercise consisting of 40 contractions for both legs. Changes in maximal voluntary contraction force of the knee extensors (MVC), peak evoked force during double stimulations at 10 Hz (Db10) and 100 Hz (Db100), its ratio (10∶100), voluntary activation, muscle soreness and plasma creatine kinase activity were assessed before, immediately after and throughout four days after NMES session. Changes in knee extensors volume and T2 relaxation time were also assessed at two (D2) and four (D4) days post-exercise. MVC decreased by 29% immediately after NMES session and was still 19% lower than the baseline value at D4. The decrease in Db10 was higher than in Db100 immediately and one day post-exercise resulting in a decrease (−12%) in the 10∶100 ratio. On the contrary, voluntary activation significantly decreased at D2 (−5%) and was still depressed at D4 (−5%). Muscle soreness and plasma creatine kinase activity increased after NMES and peaked at D2 and D4, respectively. T2 was also increased at D2 (6%) and D4 (9%). Additionally, changes in MVC and peripheral factors (e.g., Db100) were correlated on the full recovery period, while a significant correlation was found between changes in MVC and VA only from D2 to D4. The decrease in MVC recorded immediately after the NMES session was mainly due to peripheral changes while both central and peripheral contributions were involved in the prolonged force reduction. Interestingly, the chronological events differ from what has been reported so far for voluntary exercise-induced muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Fouré
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CRMBM UMR CNRS 7339, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Edith Cowan University, School of Exercise and Health Sciences, WA 6027, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Jennifer Wegrzyk
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CRMBM UMR CNRS 7339, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Duhamel
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CRMBM UMR CNRS 7339, Marseille, France
| | - Arnaud Le Troter
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CRMBM UMR CNRS 7339, Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Boudinet
- APHM, La Timone Hospital, CEMEREM, Imaging Center, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Mattei
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CRMBM UMR CNRS 7339, Marseille, France
- APHM, La Conception Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Vilmen
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CRMBM UMR CNRS 7339, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Jubeau
- University of Nantes, Laboratory “Motricité, Interactions, Performance” (EA 4334), UFR STAPS, Nantes, France
| | - David Bendahan
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CRMBM UMR CNRS 7339, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Gondin
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CRMBM UMR CNRS 7339, Marseille, France
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Lee LK, Kim JH, Kim MY, Lee JU, Yang SM, Jeon HJ, Lee WD, Noh JW, Kwak TY, Jang SH, Lee TH, Kim JY, Kim J. A Pilot Study on Pain and the Upregulation of Myoglobin through Low-frequency and High-amplitude Electrical Stimulation-induced Muscle Contraction. J Phys Ther Sci 2014; 26:985-8. [PMID: 25140079 PMCID: PMC4135220 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.26.985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] It is well known that, in both in vivo and in vitro tests, muscle fatigue is
produced by severe exercise, electrical stimulation, and so on. However, it is not clear
whether or not low-frequency and high-amplitude modulation specifically affects serum
myoglobin or urine myoglobin. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect
of low-frequency and high-amplitude modulation on serum myoglobin and urine myoglobin.
[Methods] The study used whole blood samples and urine produced over 24 hours from the
thirteen healthy subjects. [Results] There was a significant increase in serum myoglobin
following electrical stimulation at a frequency of 10 Hz compared with the control group.
Furthermore, within 24 hours, urine myoglobin also showed a significant increase for the
test volunteers subjected to electrical stimulation at the 10 Hz frequency compared with
the control group. However, there were no significant differences in the concentrations of
hematologic results in subjects treated with electrical stimulation. [Conclusion] These
results suggest that increased myoglobin related to muscle fatigue from electrical
stimulation, particularly with a current of 10 Hz combined with a high-amplitude, may be
partially related to increased muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lim-Kyu Lee
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Kim
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Uk Lee
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Yang
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Joo Jeon
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Deok Lee
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Woong Noh
- Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Yong Kwak
- Department of Taekwondo Instructor Education, College of Martial Arts, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Jang
- Department of Judo Training, College of Martial Arts, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Lee
- Department of Combative Martial Arts Training, College of Martial Arts, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Department of Combative Martial Arts Training, College of Martial Arts, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwan Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Public Health and Welfare, Yongin University, Republic of Korea
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