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Mohamed A, Alawna M. Enhancing oxygenation of patients with coronavirus disease 2019: Effects on immunity and other health-related conditions. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:4939-4958. [PMID: 34307545 PMCID: PMC8283603 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i19.4939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) distresses the pulmonary system causing acute respiratory distress syndrome, which might lead to death. There is no cure for COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 is a self-limited infection, and the methods that can enhance immunity are strongly required. Enhancing oxygenation is one safe and effective intervention to enhance immunity and pulmonary functions. This review deliberates the probable influences of enhancing oxygenation on immunity and other health-connected conditions in patients with COVID-19. An extensive search was conducted through Web of Science, Scopus, Medline databases, and EBSCO for the influence of enhancing oxygenation on immunity, pulmonary functions, psycho-immune hormones, and COVID-19 risk factors. This search included clinical trials and literature and systematic reviews. This search revealed that enhancing oxygenation has a strong effect on improving immunity and pulmonary functions and psycho-immune hormones. Also, enhancing oxygenation has a self-protective role counter to COVID-19 risk factors. Lastly, this search revealed the recommended safe and effective exercise protocol to enhance oxygenation in patients with COVID-19. Enhancing oxygenation should be involved in managing patients with COVID-19 because of its significant effects on immunity, pulmonary functions, and COVID-19 risk factors. A mild to moderate cycling or walking with 60%-80% Vo2max for 20-60 min performed 2-3 times per week could be a safe and effective aerobic exercise program in patients with COVID-19 to enhance their immunity and pulmonary functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Mohamed
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul 34522, Turkey
- Department of Basic Science and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Motaz Alawna
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul 34522, Turkey
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Arab American University, Jenin 24013, Palestine
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Stevens ML, Crowley P, Holtermann A, Mortensen OS, Korshøj M. Cardiorespiratory fitness, occupational aerobic workload and age: workplace measurements among blue-collar workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2020; 94:503-513. [PMID: 33161441 PMCID: PMC8032632 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-020-01596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The knowledge, from laboratory studies dating back to the 1950s on the importance of the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and aerobic workload for workers health, is fundamental for promoting sustainable healthy employability among ageing blue-collar workers today. However, the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and aerobic workload has not yet been documented during daily work, and we do not know if it applies to the normal work of blue-collar workers in different age groups. We aim to investigate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and aerobic workload among blue-collar workers using measurements of 24-h heart rate collected over consecutive working days. METHODS We analyzed baseline cardiorespiratory fitness, assessed using a sub-maximal cycle ergometer test, and 1-4 days of 24-h heart rate measurement from 497 blue-collar workers participating in the DPHACTO study. We investigated the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and aerobic workload defined as the average percentage of heart rate reserve (%HRR), maximum %HRR and the duration time spent at a high HRR (> 30%) during working hours. The association was assessed using multivariate linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, self-rated health, shift-work, prescription medication and occupation, as well as for different age strata. RESULTS Higher cardiorespiratory fitness was significantly associated with decreased mean %HRR -0.32 [95% CI -0.39 to -0.25], maximum %HRR -0.35 [95% CI -0.45 to -0.25] and time spent at ≥ 30% HRR; -1.8% [95% CI -2.2 to -1.5%]. These associations were evident across age groups, with slightly stronger associations for workers aged 46-51 (total range 18-68). CONCLUSIONS Higher cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with the decreased aerobic workload during normal work across all age groups and levels of work intensity. Our findings highlight the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness when considering the workload and its relevance in the promotion of healthy sustainable employment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Crowley
- The National Research Centre for the Work Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- The National Research Centre for the Work Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole Steen Mortensen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbaek, Denmark
| | - Mette Korshøj
- The National Research Centre for the Work Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbaek, Denmark
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Mohamed AA, Alawna M. Role of increasing the aerobic capacity on improving the function of immune and respiratory systems in patients with coronavirus (COVID-19): A review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:489-496. [PMID: 32388326 PMCID: PMC7186129 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS COVID-19 is a public world crisis, however, it is a self-limited infection. In COVID-19, the strength of immune and respiratory systems is a critical element. Thus, this review was conducted to demonstrate the short and long term effects of increasing the aerobic capacity on increasing the function and strength of immune and respiratory systems, particularly those essential for overcoming COVID-19 infections and associated disorders. METHODS This review was carried out by searching in Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO, Medline databases. The search was conducted over clinical trials and literature and systematic reviews on the effects of increasing the aerobic capacity on the function and strength of specific immune and respiratory elements essential for overcoming COVID-19 infections. RESULTS This review found that increasing the aerobic capacity could produce short-term safe improvements in the function of immune and respiratory systems, particularly those specific for COVID-19 infections. This could be mainly produced through three mechanisms. Firstly, it could improve immunity by increasing the level and function of immune cells and immunoglobulins, regulating CRP levels, and decreasing anxiety and depression. Secondly, it could improve respiratory system functions by acting as an antibiotic, antioxidant, and antimycotic, restoring normal lung tissue elasticity and strength. Lastly, it could act as a protective barrier to decrease COVID-19 risk factors, which helps to decrease the incidence and progression of COVID-19. CONCLUSION This review summarizes that increasing the aerobic capacity is recommended because it has potential of improving immune and respiratory functions which would help counter COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A Mohamed
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Motaz Alawna
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Impact of shift work on blood pressure among emergency medical services clinicians and related shift workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Health 2020; 6:387-398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Joseph G, Marott JL, Torp-Pedersen C, Biering-Sørensen T, Nielsen G, Christensen AE, Johansen MB, Schnohr P, Sogaard P, Mogelvang R. Dose-Response Association Between Level of Physical Activity and Mortality in Normal, Elevated, and High Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2019; 74:1307-1315. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It has been a challenge to verify the dose of exercise that will produce the maximum health benefits in hypertension. This study aimed to explore the association between level of daily physical activity, all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcome at different blood pressure levels. A random sample of 18 974 white men and women aged 20 to 98 years were examined in a prospective cardiovascular population study. Self-reported activity level in leisure-time was drawn from the Physical Activity Questionnaire (level I: inactivity; II: light activity; and III: moderate/high-level activity). Blood pressure was defined as normal blood pressure: <120/<80 mm Hg; Prehypertension: 120–139/80–89 mm Hg; Stage I hypertension: 140–159/90–99 mm Hg; Stage II hypertension ≥160/≥100 mm Hg. The mean follow-up time was 23.4±11.7 years. At all levels of blood pressure, higher levels of physical activity were associated with lower all-cause mortality in a dose-response pattern. The pattern remained unchanged after adjustment for following confounders: sex, age, smoking status, education, diabetes mellitus, previous cardiovascular disease, body mass index, and calendar time. Compared with inactivity, following hazard ratios were found for stage I hypertension: light activity, hazard ratio 0.78 (0.72–0.84;
P
<0.001), moderate/high-level activity, hazard ratio 0.69 (0.63–0.75;
P
<0.001). At all levels of blood pressure, the risk of cardiovascular events was significantly reduced independent of the level of physical activity. In conclusion, the association between physical activity and all-cause mortality was present in an inverse dose-response pattern at all levels of blood pressure. Physical activity was associated with reduction in cardiovascular events independent of the level of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowsini Joseph
- From the Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (G.J., J.L.M., T.B.-S., P. Schnohr, R.M.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet (G.J., R.M.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine (G.J., C.T.-P., P. Sogaard), Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology & Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjorring, Denmark (G.J., G.N.)
| | - Jacob Louis Marott
- From the Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (G.J., J.L.M., T.B.-S., P. Schnohr, R.M.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Torp-Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine (G.J., C.T.-P., P. Sogaard), Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.T.-P., A.-E.C.), Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, North Zealand Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerod, Denmark (C.T.-P)
| | - Tor Biering-Sørensen
- From the Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (G.J., J.L.M., T.B.-S., P. Schnohr, R.M.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital (T.B.-S.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.B.-S.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Nielsen
- Department of Cardiology & Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjorring, Denmark (G.J., G.N.)
| | - Ann-Eva Christensen
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.T.-P., A.-E.C.), Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Schnohr
- From the Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (G.J., J.L.M., T.B.-S., P. Schnohr, R.M.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Sogaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine (G.J., C.T.-P., P. Sogaard), Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology (P. Sogaard), Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Mogelvang
- From the Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (G.J., J.L.M., T.B.-S., P. Schnohr, R.M.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet (G.J., R.M.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Odense University Hospital Svendborg, Denmark (R.M.)
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Rhee EJ, Cho JH, Kwon H, Park SE, Jung JH, Han KD, Park YG, Park HS, Kim YH, Yoo SJ, Lee WY. Association between abdominal obesity and increased risk for the development of hypertension regardless of physical activity: A nationwide population-based study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2018; 20:1417-1426. [DOI: 10.1111/jch.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Rhee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine; Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Cho
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine; Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyemi Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine; Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Se-Eun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine; Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Jung
- Department of Biostatistics, Biomedicine & Health Sciences; Catholic University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Biostatistics, Biomedicine & Health Sciences; Catholic University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Yong-Gyu Park
- Department of Biostatistics, Biomedicine & Health Sciences; Catholic University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Hye Soon Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Yang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Family Medicine; Korea University Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - Soon-Jib Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine; Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon Korea
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine; Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon Korea
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Shou XL, Wang L, Jin XQ, Zhu LY, Ren AH, Wang QN. Effect of T'ai Chi Exercise on Hypertension in Young and Middle-Aged In-Service Staff. J Altern Complement Med 2018; 25:73-78. [PMID: 30136858 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2018.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effect of t'ai chi exercise on hypertension in young and middle-aged in-service staff. METHODS A total of 208 subjects with grade 1 hypertension were enrolled into this study. These subjects were randomly divided into two groups: research group and control group (n = 104, each). On the basis of general daily lifestyle intervention, subjects in the research group underwent 24-Style Simplified t'ai chi exercise for 3 months, whereas subjects in the control group underwent general daily lifestyle intervention. All subjects were followed up at the first and third month of intervention. The body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood lipid, and other indexes were measured before and after the intervention, and quality of life was evaluated. RESULTS (1) In the research group, after 1 month of exercise, systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while BMI, blood glucose (Glu), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and pulse pressure (PP) did not significantly change. Furthermore, after 3 months of exercise, BMI, HR, SBP, DBP, PP, TG, TC, LDL-C, and Glu all significantly decreased (p < 0.05). (2) Moreover, the quality of life of subjects in the research group obviously improved after 3 months of t'ai chi exercise (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS t'ai chi exercise can reduce the level of blood pressure in young and middle-aged in-service staff with grade 1 hypertension, control weight, slow down the HR, improve metabolism, and improve quality of life. t'ai chi is an exercise suitable for in-service hypertension subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Shou
- 1 Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- 2 Department of Mental Health, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Jin
- 3 Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Yue Zhu
- 4 Department of Rehabilitation Center, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Hua Ren
- 1 Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Nan Wang
- 4 Department of Rehabilitation Center, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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