1
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Wang X, Sun Z, Fu J, Fang Z, Zhang W, He JC, Lee K. LRG1 loss effectively restrains glomerular TGF-β signaling to attenuate diabetic kidney disease. Mol Ther 2024; 32:3177-3193. [PMID: 38910328 PMCID: PMC11403230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling is a well-established pathogenic mediator of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, owing to its pleiotropic actions, its systemic blockade is not therapeutically optimal. The expression of TGF-β signaling regulators can substantially influence TGF-β's effects in a cell- or context-specific manner. Among these, leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is significantly increased in glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) in DKD. As LRG1 is a secreted molecule that can exert autocrine and paracrine effects, we examined the effects of LRG1 loss in kidney cells in diabetic OVE26 mice by single-cell transcriptomic analysis. Gene expression analysis confirmed a predominant expression of Lrg1 in GECs, which further increased in diabetic kidneys. Loss of Lrg1 led to the reversal of angiogenic and TGF-β-induced gene expression in GECs, which were associated with DKD attenuation. Notably, Lrg1 loss also mitigated the increased TGF-β-mediated gene expression in both podocytes and mesangial cells in diabetic mice, indicating that GEC-derived LRG1 potentiates TGF-β signaling in glomerular cells in an autocrine and paracrine manner. Indeed, a significant reduction in phospho-Smad proteins was observed in the glomerular cells of OVE26 mice with LRG1 loss. These results indicate that specific antagonisms of LRG1 may be an effective approach to curb the hyperactive glomerular TGF-β signaling to attenuate DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeguo Sun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jia Fu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zhengying Fang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - John C He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Renal Section, James J. Peters Veterans Affair Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.
| | - Kyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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2
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Benjamin KN, Goyal A, Nair RV, Endy D. Genome-wide transcription response of Staphylococcus epidermidis to heat shock and medically relevant glucose levels. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1408796. [PMID: 39104585 PMCID: PMC11298487 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1408796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin serves as both barrier and interface between body and environment. Skin microbes are intermediaries evolved to respond, transduce, or act in response to changing environmental or physiological conditions. We quantified genome-wide changes in gene expression levels for one abundant skin commensal, Staphylococcus epidermidis, in response to an internal physiological signal, glucose levels, and an external environmental signal, temperature. We found 85 of 2,354 genes change up to ~34-fold in response to medically relevant changes in glucose concentration (0-17 mM; adj p ≤0.05). We observed carbon catabolite repression in response to a range of glucose spikes, as well as upregulation of genes involved in glucose utilization in response to persistent glucose. We observed 366 differentially expressed genes in response to a physiologically relevant change in temperature (37-45°C; adj p ≤ 0.05) and an S. epidermidis heat-shock response that mostly resembles the heat-shock response of related staphylococcal species. DNA motif analysis revealed CtsR and CIRCE operator sequences arranged in tandem upstream of dnaK and groESL operons. We identified and curated 38 glucose-responsive genes as candidate ON or OFF switches for use in controlling synthetic genetic systems. Such systems might be used to instrument the in-situ skin microbiome or help control microbes bioengineered to serve as embedded diagnostics, monitoring, or treatment platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aditi Goyal
- Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ramesh V. Nair
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Drew Endy
- Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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3
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Saravanan M. Comment on "Cell surface expression of 70 kDa heat shock protein in human oral dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma: Correlation with clinicopathological features". Oral Oncol 2024; 152:106791. [PMID: 38581819 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2024.106791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Muthupandian Saravanan
- AMR & Nanotherapeutics Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600 077, India.
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4
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Maza-Márquez P, Lee MD, Bebout BM. Community ecology and functional potential of bacteria, archaea, eukarya and viruses in Guerrero Negro microbial mat. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2561. [PMID: 38297006 PMCID: PMC10831059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52626-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the microbial ecology, potential environmental adaptive mechanisms, and the potential evolutionary interlinking of genes between bacterial, archaeal and viral lineages in Guerrero Negro (GN) microbial mat were investigated using metagenomic sequencing across a vertical transect at millimeter scale. The community composition based on unique genes comprised bacteria (98.01%), archaea (1.81%), eukarya (0.07%) and viruses (0.11%). A gene-focused analysis of bacteria archaea, eukarya and viruses showed a vertical partition of the community. The greatest coverages of genes of bacteria and eukarya were detected in first layers, while the highest coverages of genes of archaea and viruses were found in deeper layers. Many genes potentially related to adaptation to the local environment were detected, such as UV radiation, multidrug resistance, oxidative stress, heavy metals, salinity and desiccation. Those genes were found in bacterial, archaeal and viral lineages with 6477, 44, and 1 genes, respectively. The evolutionary histories of those genes were studied using phylogenetic analysis, showing an interlinking between domains in GN mat.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Maza-Márquez
- Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.
- University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - M D Lee
- Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - B M Bebout
- Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
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5
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Wang N, Ji A, Masoudi A, Li S, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Yu Z, Wang H, Wang H, Liu J. Protein regulation mechanism of cold tolerance in Haemaphysalis longicornis. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:725-740. [PMID: 36285346 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ticks are external parasitic arthropods that can transmit a variety of pathogens by sucking blood. Low-temperature tolerance is essential for ticks to survive during the cold winter. Exploring the protein regulation mechanism of low-temperature tolerance of Haemaphysalis longicornis could help to explain how ticks survive in winter. In this study, the quantitative proteomics of several tissues of H. longicornis exposed to low temperature were studied by data independent acquisition technology. Totals of 3 699, 3 422, and 1 958 proteins were identified in the salivary gland, midgut, and ovary, respectively. The proteins involved in energy metabolism, cell signal transduction, protein synthesis and repair, and cytoskeleton synthesis changed under low-temperature stress. The comprehensive analysis of the protein regulation of multiple tissues of female ticks exposed to low temperature showed that maintaining cell homeostasis, maintaining cell viability, and enhancing cell tolerance were the most important means for ticks to maintain vital signs under low temperature. The expression of proteins involved in and regulating the above cell activities was the key to the survival of ticks under low temperatures. Through the analysis of a large amount of data, we found that the expression levels of arylamine N-acetyltransferase, inositol polyphosphate multikinase, and dual-specificity phosphatase were up-regulated under low temperature. We speculated that they might have important significance in low-temperature tolerance. Then, we performed RNA interference on the mRNA of these 3 proteins, and the results showed that the ability of female ticks to tolerate low temperatures decreased significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningmei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Aimeng Ji
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Abolfazl Masoudi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuhong Hu
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yefei Zhang
- Hebei Xiaowutai Mountain National Nature Reserve Management Center, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhijun Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Han Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingze Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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6
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An Undefined Interaction between Polyamines and Heat Shock Proteins Leads to Cellular Protection in Plasmodium falciparum and Proliferating Cells in Various Organisms. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041686. [PMID: 36838674 PMCID: PMC9958663 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental stimuli can distress the internal reaction of cells and their normal function. To react promptly to sudden environmental changes, a cascade of heat shock proteins (Hsps) functions to protect and act as housekeepers inside the cells. In parallel to the heat shock response, the metabolic polyamine (PA) status changes. Here, we discuss possible ways of putative interactions between Hsps and polyamines in a wide lineage of eukaryotic model organisms with a particular focus on parasitic protozoa such as Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum). The supposed interaction between polyamines and Hsps may protect the parasite from the sudden change in temperature during transmission from the female Anopheles mosquito to a human host. Recent experiments performed with the spermidine mimetic inhibitor 15-deoxyspergualine in Plasmodium in vitro cultures show that the drug binds to the C-terminal EEVD motif of Hsp70. This leads to inhibition of protein biosynthesis caused by prevention of eIF5A2 phosphorylation and eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) modification. These observations provide further evidence that PAs are involved in the regulation of protein biosynthesis of Hsps to achieve a protective effect for the parasite during transmission.
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7
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Glazier AN. Proposed Role for Internal Lens Pressure as an Initiator of Age-Related Lens Protein Aggregation Diseases. Clin Ophthalmol 2022; 16:2329-2340. [PMID: 35924184 PMCID: PMC9342656 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s369676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The process that initiates lens stiffness evident in age-related lens protein aggregation diseases is thought to be mainly the result of oxidation. While oxidation is a major contributor, the exposure of lens proteins to physical stress over time increases susceptibility of lens proteins to oxidative damage, and this is believed to play a significant role in initiating these diseases. Accordingly, an overview of key physical stressors and molecular factors known to be implicated in the development of age-related lens protein aggregation diseases is presented, paying particular attention to the consequence of persistent increase in internal lens pressure.
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8
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Banerjee S, Chaturvedi R, Singh A, Kushwaha HR. Putting human Tid-1 in context: an insight into its role in the cell and in different disease states. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:109. [PMID: 35854300 PMCID: PMC9297570 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumorous imaginal disc 1 (hTid-1) or DnaJ homolog subfamily A member 3 (DNAJA3), is a part of the heat shock protein (Hsp) 40 family and is predominantly found to reside in the mitochondria. hTid-1 has two mRNA splicing variants, hTid-1S and hTid-1L of 40 and 43 kDa respectively in the cytosol which are later processed upon import into the mitochondrial matrix. hTid-1 protein is a part of the DnaJ family of proteins which are co-chaperones and specificity factors for DnaK proteins of the Hsp70 family, and bind to Hsp70, thereby activating its ATPase activity. hTid-1 has been found to be critical for a lot of important cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, growth, survival, senescence, apoptosis, and movement and plays key roles in the embryo and skeletal muscle development.
Main body hTid-1 participates in several protein–protein interactions in the cell, which mediate different processes such as proteasomal degradation and autophagy of the interacting protein partners. hTid-1 also functions as a co-chaperone and participates in interactions with several different viral oncoproteins. hTid-1 also plays a critical role in different human diseases such as different cancers, cardiomyopathies, and neurodegenerative disorders. Conclusion This review article is the first of its kind presenting consolidated information on the research findings of hTid-1 to date. This review suggests that the current knowledge of the role of hTid-1 in disorders like cancers, cardiomyopathies, and neurodegenerative diseases can be correlated with the findings of its protein–protein interactions that can provide a deep insight into the pathways by which hTid-1 affects disease pathogenesis and it can be stated that hTid-1 may serve as an important therapeutic target for these disorders. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00912-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagarika Banerjee
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,School of Biotechnology and Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Anu Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| | - Hemant R Kushwaha
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India. .,School of Biotechnology and Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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9
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Nitro Fatty Acids (NO 2-FAs): An Emerging Class of Bioactive Fatty Acids. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247536. [PMID: 34946618 PMCID: PMC8708353 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Unsaturated nitro fatty acids (NO2-FAs) constitute a category of molecules that may be formed endogenously by the reaction of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) with secondary species of nitrogen monoxide and nitrite anions. The warhead of NO2-FAs is a nitroalkene moiety, which is a potent Michael acceptor and can undergo nucleophilic attack from thiol groups of biologically relevant proteins, showcasing the value of these molecules regarding their therapeutic potential against many diseases. In general, NO2-FAs inhibit nuclear factorκ-B (NF-κB), and simultaneously they activate nuclear factor (erythroid derived)-like 2 (Nrf2), which activates an antioxidant signaling pathway. NO2-FAs can be synthesized not only endogenously in the organism, but in a synthetic laboratory as well, either by a step-by-step synthesis or by a direct nitration of UFAs. The step-by-step synthesis requires specific precursor compounds and is in position to afford the desired NO2-FAs with a certain position of the nitro group. On the contrary, the direct nitration of UFAs is not a selective methodology; thus, it affords a mixture of all possible nitro isomers.
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10
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Alexander CC, Munkáscy E, Tillmon H, Fraker T, Scheirer J, Holstein D, Lozano D, Khan M, Gidalevitz T, Lechleiter JD, Fisher AL, Zare H, Rodriguez KA. HspB1 Overexpression Improves Lifespan and Stress Resistance in an Invertebrate Model. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:268-275. [PMID: 34610126 PMCID: PMC8824566 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the role of the small heat shock protein beta 1 (HspB1, also known as Hsp25 in rodents and Hsp27 in humans) in longevity, we created a Caenorhabiditis elegans model with a high level of ubiquitous expression of the naked mole-rat HspB1 protein. The worms showed increased life span under multiple conditions and also increased resistance to heat stress. RNAi experiments suggest that HspB1-induced life extension is dependent on the transcription factors skn-1 (Nrf2) and hsf-1 (Hsf1). RNAseq from HspB1 worms showed an enrichment in several skn-1 target genes, including collagen proteins and lysosomal genes. Expression of HspB1 also improved functional outcomes regulated by SKN-1, specifically oxidative stress resistance and pharyngeal integrity. This work is the first to link a small heat shock protein with collagen function, suggesting a novel role for HspB1 as a hub between canonical heat response signaling and SKN-1 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Carroll Alexander
- Sam and Ann Barshop Center for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX.,Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UTHSCSA
| | - Erin Munkáscy
- Sam and Ann Barshop Center for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX.,Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UTHSCSA
| | - Haven Tillmon
- Sam and Ann Barshop Center for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX
| | - Tamara Fraker
- Sam and Ann Barshop Center for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX.,Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UTHSCSA
| | - Jessica Scheirer
- Sam and Ann Barshop Center for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX.,Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UTHSCSA
| | | | | | - Maruf Khan
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UTHSCSA
| | | | | | - Alfred L Fisher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Habil Zare
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UTHSCSA.,Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX
| | - Karl A Rodriguez
- Sam and Ann Barshop Center for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX.,Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UTHSCSA
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11
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Kumar D, Sharma A, Sharma L. A Comprehensive Review of Alzheimer's Association with Related Proteins: Pathological Role and Therapeutic Significance. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 18:674-695. [PMID: 32172687 PMCID: PMC7536827 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200203101828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's is an insidious, progressive, chronic neurodegenerative disease which causes the devastation of neurons. Alzheimer's possesses complex pathologies of heterogeneous nature counting proteins as one major factor along with enzymes and mutated genes. Proteins such as amyloid precursor protein (APP), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), presenilin, mortalin, calbindin-D28K, creactive protein, heat shock proteins (HSPs), and prion protein are some of the chief elements in the foremost hypotheses of AD like amyloid-beta (Aβ) cascade hypothesis, tau hypothesis, cholinergic neuron damage, etc. Disturbed expression of these proteins results in synaptic dysfunction, cognitive impairment, memory loss, and neuronal degradation. On the therapeutic ground, attempts of developing anti-amyloid, anti-inflammatory, anti-tau therapies are on peak, having APP and tau as putative targets. Some proteins, e.g., HSPs, which ameliorate oxidative stress, calpains, which help in regulating synaptic plasticity, and calmodulin-like skin protein (CLSP) with its neuroprotective role are few promising future targets for developing anti-AD therapies. On diagnostic grounds of AD C-reactive protein, pentraxins, collapsin response mediator protein-2, and growth-associated protein-43 represent the future of new possible biomarkers for diagnosing AD. The last few decades were concentrated over identifying and studying protein targets of AD. Here, we reviewed the physiological/pathological roles and therapeutic significance of nearly all the proteins associated with AD that addresses putative as well as probable targets for developing effective anti-AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Lalit Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, H.P., India
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12
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Kendall RT, Renaud L, Baatz JE, Malaab M, Nguyen XX, Feghali-Bostwick CA. Systemic sclerosis biomarkers detection in the secretome of TGFβ1-activated primary human lung fibroblasts. J Proteomics 2021; 242:104243. [PMID: 33930553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
TGFβ1 is a profibrotic mediator that contributes to a broad spectrum of pathologies, including systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary fibrosis (SSc-PF). However, the secretome of TGFβ1-stimulated primary human normal lung (NL) fibroblasts has not been well characterized. Using fluorescent 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE) followed by Mass Spectrometry, we identified 37 differentially secreted proteins in the conditioned media of TGFβ1-activated NL fibroblasts and generated a protein-protein association network of the TGFβ1 secretome using STRING. Functional enrichment revealed that several biological processes and pathways characteristic of PF were enriched. Additionally, by comparing the TGFβ1 secretome of NL fibroblasts to proteomic biomarkers from biological fluids of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients, we identified 11 overlapping proteins. Together our data validate the TGFβ1-induced secretome of NL fibroblasts as a valid in vitro model that reflects SSc biomarkers and identify potential therapeutic targets for SSc-PF. SIGNIFICANCE: All proteins secreted by fibroblasts into the extracellular space, representing the secretome, promote cell-to-cell communication as well as tissue homeostasis, immune mechanisms, developmental regulation, proteolysis, development of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell adhesion. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how TGFβ1, a well-known profibrotic cytokine, modulates the secretome of pulmonary fibroblasts, and how the TGFβ1-induced secretome resembles biomarkers in SSc. Using functional enrichment analysis, key pathways and hub proteins can be identified and studied as potential therapeutic targets for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Kendall
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology & Immunology, MUSC, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Ludivine Renaud
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology & Immunology, MUSC, Charleston, SC, United States of America.
| | - John E Baatz
- Department of Pediatrics, MUSC, Charleston, SC, United States of America.
| | - Maya Malaab
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology & Immunology, MUSC, Charleston, SC, United States of America.
| | - Xinh-Xinh Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology & Immunology, MUSC, Charleston, SC, United States of America.
| | - Carol A Feghali-Bostwick
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology & Immunology, MUSC, Charleston, SC, United States of America.
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13
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Effects from the induction of heat shock proteins in a murine model due to progression of aortic atherosclerosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7025. [PMID: 33782520 PMCID: PMC8007726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that repair denatured proteins. The relationship between HSPs and various diseases has been extensively studied. However, the relationship between HSPs and atherosclerosis remains unclear. In this study, we induced the expression of HSPs and analyzed the effects on the development/progression of atherosclerosis in vivo. Remarkably, when HSPs were induced in apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE-/-) mice prior to the formation of atheromas, the progression of atherosclerosis was inhibited; the short-term induction of HSPs significantly decreased the mRNA expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in the aorta. In contrast, the induction of HSPs after the formation of atheromas promoted the progression of atherosclerosis. In fact, the short-term induction of HSPs, after the formation of atheromas, significantly increased the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 6 in the aorta. Of note, the induction of HSPs also promoted the formation of macrophage-derived foam cells. Overall, these results indicate that HSPs exerts different effects in the context of aortic atherosclerosis, depending on its degree of progression. Therefore, the induction and inhibition of HSPs should be considered for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, respectively.
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14
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Chen Y, Liu M, Dong Z. Preferential Ribosome Loading on the Stress-Upregulated mRNA Pool Shapes the Selective Translation under Stress Conditions. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020304. [PMID: 33562590 PMCID: PMC7915710 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The reprogramming of gene expression is one of the key responses to environmental stimuli, whereas changes in mRNA do not necessarily bring forth corresponding changes of the protein, which seems partially due to the stress-induced selective translation. To address this issue, we systematically compared the transcriptome and translatome using self-produced and publicly available datasets to decipher how and to what extent the coordination and discordance between transcription and translation came to be in response to wounding (self-produced), dark to light transition, heat, hypoxia, Pi starvation and the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (elf18) in Arabidopsis. We found that changes in total mRNAs (transcriptome) and ribosome-protected fragments (translatome) are highly correlated upon dark to light transition or heat stress. However, this close correlation was generally lost under other four stresses analyzed in this study, especially during immune response, which suggests that transcription and translation are differentially coordinated under distinct stress conditions. Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that typical stress responsive genes were upregulated at both transcriptional and translational levels, while non-stress-specific responsive genes were changed solely at either level or downregulated at both levels. Taking wounding responsive genes for example, typical stress responsive genes are generally involved in functional categories related to dealing with the deleterious effects caused by the imposed wounding stress, such as response to wounding, response to water deprivation and response to jasmonic acid, whereas non-stress-specific responsive genes are often enriched in functional categories like S-glycoside biosynthetic process, photosynthesis and DNA-templated transcription. Collectively, our results revealed the differential as well as targeted coordination between transcriptome and translatome in response to diverse stresses, thus suggesting a potential model wherein preferential ribosome loading onto the stress-upregulated mRNA pool could be a pacing factor for selective translation.
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Systematic Analysis of the Lysine Crotonylome and Multiple Posttranslational Modification Analysis (Acetylation, Succinylation, and Crotonylation) in Candida albicans. mSystems 2021; 6:6/1/e01316-20. [PMID: 33500332 PMCID: PMC7842366 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01316-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that causes lethal fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. Lysine crotonylation is a newly discovered PTM (posttranslational modification) epigenetic type that may play a critical role in regulating gene expression. In this study, we used an antibody-enrichment approach along with LC-MS/MS to carry out a quantitative crotonylome analysis in C. albicans We found a total of 5,242 crotonylation sites and 1,584 crotonylated proteins among 9,038 proteins in this organism. Of these crotonylated proteins, a few unique crotonylated motifs are noted such as D and E in positions +1, +2, or +3 or K and R in positions +5 or +6, while A, E, F, G, P, W, and Y are in the -1 position or A, K, and R are found in positions -5, -6, -7, or -8. Functional analysis has shown that a majority of the crotonylated proteins are related to biosynthetic events and carbon metabolism. When combined with previously collected data on acetylation and succinylation, PPI (protein-protein interaction network) analysis reveals that proteins with functions in ribosomal biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, nucleus activity, and proteasome formation are heavily modified by these three PTM types. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first crotonylome study carried out in C. albicans and is an important step to a better understanding of the biological and pathogenic impact of PTM in C. albicans IMPORTANCE C. albicans is a kind of pathogen of fungal infections that is found worldwide. Lysine crotonylation of proteins as a recently discovered PTM (posttranslational modification) may have a critical role in regulating cells. We first carried out large-scale analysis of crotonylated proteome and multiple PTM analysis (acetylation, succinylation, and crotonylation), then drew a diagram to show multiple PTM sites on histones in C. albicans of our study. This study about crotonylome in human pathogenic fungi is a milestone that first and deeply investigates the functional analysis of crotonylated proteins in C. albicans, which marks an important start for further research.
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Omics Insights into Animal Resilience and Stress Factors. Animals (Basel) 2020; 11:ani11010047. [PMID: 33383711 PMCID: PMC7824193 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Resilience is conceived as a dynamic developmental process involving the achievement of positive adaptation within the context of significant adversity. Resilience is not a unique ability but rather a set of capacities of a system put in place to absorb a disturbance and to reorganize while trying to retain the same function, structure, and identity. This review describes the characteristics and the molecular mechanisms of resilience to understand the core elements of resilience and its indicators. The objectives of this review are: (1) to define some of the leading environmental stressors and clarify the mechanism of vulnerability or resilience outcomes; (2) to clarify some of the prominent epigenetic modulations mediating resilience or vulnerability as a stress response; (3) to highlight the neural mechanisms related to stress resilience since the central nervous system is a highly dynamic structure characterized by an everlasting plasticity feature, which therefore has the opportunity to modify resilience. The review aims to introduce the reader to the concept of resilience seen as an ability acquired in life and not only inherited from birth.
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Luo ZH, Li Q, Lai Y, Chen H, Liao B, Huang LN. Diversity and Genomic Characterization of a Novel Parvarchaeota Family in Acid Mine Drainage Sediments. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:612257. [PMID: 33408709 PMCID: PMC7779479 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.612257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-resolved metagenomic analyses of microbial communities from diverse environments have led to the discovery of many novel lineages that significantly expand the phylogenetic breadth of Archaea. Here, we report the genomic characterization of a new archaeal family based on five metagenome-assembled genomes retrieved from acid mine drainage sediments. Phylogenomic analyses placed these uncultivated archaea at the root of the candidate phylum Parvarchaeota, which expand this lesser-known phylum into two family levels. Genes involved in environmental adaptation and carbohydrate and protein utilization were identified in the ultra-small genomes (estimated size 0.53–0.76 Mb), indicating a survival strategy in this harsh environment (low pH and high heavy metal content). The detection of genes with homology to sulfocyanin suggested a potential involvement in iron cycling. Nevertheless, the absence of the ability to synthesize amino acids and nucleotides implies that these archaea may acquire these biomolecules from the environment or other community members. Applying evolutionary history analysis to Parvarchaeota suggested that members of the two families could broaden their niches by acquiring the potentials of utilizing different substrates. This study expands our knowledge of the diversity, metabolic capacity, and evolutionary history of the Parvarchaeota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hao Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Lai
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Nan Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Anantanawat K, Papanicolaou A, Hill K, Xu W. Molecular Response of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Heat. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:2495-2504. [PMID: 32725189 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tephritid fruit flies are highly successful invaders and some-such as the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)-are able to adapt to a large range of crops. Biosecurity controls require that shipments of produce are ensured to be pest-free, which is increasingly difficult due to the ban of key pesticides. Instead, stress-based strategies including controlled atmosphere, temperature, and irradiation can be used to eradicate flies inside products. However, unlike pesticide science, we do not yet have a robust scientific approach to measure cost-effectively whether a sufficiently lethal stress has been delivered and understand what this stress does to the biology of the pest. The latter is crucial as it would enable a combination of stresses targeting multiple molecular pathways and thus allow for lower doses of each to achieve higher lethality and reduce the development of resistance. Using heat as an example, this is the first study investigating the molecular stress response to heat in Tephritidae. Using a novel setup delivering measured doses of heat on C. capitata larvae and a high-density 11 timepoint gene expression experiment, we identified key components of lethal heat-stress response. While unraveling the complete molecular mechanism of fruit fly response to lethal stress would be a long-term project, this work curates and develops 31 potential biomarkers to assess whether sufficient lethal stress has been delivered. Further, as these protocols are straightforward and less expensive than other-omic approaches, our studies and approach will assist other researchers working on stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Anantanawat
- Agricultural Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, Australia
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Hartley Grove, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | - Alexie Papanicolaou
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, Australia
| | - Kelly Hill
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Hartley Grove, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | - Wei Xu
- Agricultural Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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19
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Screening of genes coupled to heat response in Mongolian and Dorper sheep breeds. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00616-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abouee-Mehrizi A, Rasoulzadeh Y, Kazemi T, Mesgari-Abbasi M. Inflammatory and immunological changes caused by noise exposure: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2020; 38:61-90. [PMID: 32397946 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2020.1715713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Today, due to the growth of industries and spread of the use of various instruments and devices that produce high noise levels, it is necessary to pay more attention to the effects of exposure to noise on organs and tissues in the body. The importance of the immune system in fighting external and pathogenic factors has raised the need to consider external factors (such as harmful physical factors) and make efforts to avoid producing them. In this systematic review, 811 potentially relevant studies were found in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, of which 32 different English-written articles were included in the study. The method of searching and systematically reviewing articles was based on the assessment tool of the multiple systematic reviews (AMSTAR) method. The results of this study suggested that noise could affect the function of the immune system and its components by affecting other systems and organs of the body, including the central nervous system, auditory system, circulatory system, and endocrine gland. Moreover, it can be hypothesized that noise affects immune system by producing the NADPH oxidase (Nox) and reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Abouee-Mehrizi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yahya Rasoulzadeh
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehran Mesgari-Abbasi
- Drug Applied Research Center (DARC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Yang Y, Dong A, Zenda T, Liu S, Liu X, Wang Y, Li J, Duan H. DIA (Data Independent Acquisition) proteomic based study on maize filling-kernel stage drought stress-responsive proteins and metabolic pathways. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1827981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yatong Yang
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Anyi Dong
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Tinashe Zenda
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Songtao Liu
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Huijun Duan
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
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Huo D, Sun L, Zhang L, Yang H, Liu S, Sun J, Su F. Time course analysis of immunity-related gene expression in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus during exposure to thermal and hypoxic stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:383-390. [PMID: 31585241 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration are important abiotic factors that can limit the growth and survival of sea cucumbers by affecting their immune systems. As global warming intensifies, sea cucumbers are increasingly exposed to adverse environmental conditions, which can cause severe economic losses and limit the sustainable development of sea cucumber aquaculture. It is therefore important to better understand how sea cucumbers respond to environmental stress, especially with regard to its effects on immunity. In the present study, the time series of immunity-related gene expression in sea cucumbers under thermal and hypoxic stresses were analyzed separately. The expression trends of 17 genes related to the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway, the protease family, the complement system, heat shock proteins (HSPs) and the transferrin family during exposure to two stresses at eight time points were concluded. These genes have interconnected roles in stress defense. The expression levels of genes relating to the NF-κB pathways and HSPs were strongly affected in the sea cucumber thermal stress response, while melanotransferrin (Mtf), ferritin (Ft) and mannan-binding C-type lectin (MBCL) were affected by hypoxia. In contrast, complement factor B (Bf), myosin V (Mys) and serine protease inhibitor (SPI) were not that sensitive during the initial period of environmental stress. Similar expression patterns under both thermal and hypoxic stress for certain genes, including an increase in Hsp90 and decreases in lysozyme (Lys), major yolk protein (MYP) and cathepsin C (CTLC) were observed in sea cucumbers. Conversely, NF-κB and Hsp70 were differentially affected by the two stress treatments. Lysozyme-induced immune defense was inconstant in sea cucumbers coping with stress. A gene ontology (GO) analysis of the selected genes revealed that the most co-involved terms related to immunity and iron ion. Our analysis suggests that sea cucumbers demonstrate complex and varied immune responses to different types of stresses. This dynamic image of the immune responses and stress tolerance of sea cucumbers provides new insights into the adaptive strategies of holothurians in adverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Huo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lina Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Libin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hongsheng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Shilin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jingchun Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Fang Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
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23
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Mitchell R, Mellows B, Sheard J, Antonioli M, Kretz O, Chambers D, Zeuner MT, Tomkins JE, Denecke B, Musante L, Joch B, Debacq-Chainiaux F, Holthofer H, Ray S, Huber TB, Dengjel J, De Coppi P, Widera D, Patel K. Secretome of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells promotes skeletal muscle regeneration through synergistic action of extracellular vesicle cargo and soluble proteins. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:116. [PMID: 30953537 PMCID: PMC6451311 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underpinning the regenerative capabilities of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were originally thought to reside in their ability to recognise damaged tissue and to differentiate into specific cell types that would replace defective cells. However, recent work has shown that molecules produced by MSCs (secretome), particularly those packaged in extracellular vesicles (EVs), rather than the cells themselves are responsible for tissue repair. METHODS Here we have produced a secretome from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC) that is free of exogenous molecules by incubation within a saline solution. Various in vitro models were used to evaluate the effects of the secretome on cellular processes that promote tissue regeneration. A cardiotoxin-induced skeletal muscle injury model was used to test the regenerative effects of the whole secretome or isolated extracellular vesicle fraction in vivo. This was followed by bioinformatic analysis of the components of the protein and miRNA content of the secretome and finally compared to a secretome generated from a secondary stem cell source. RESULTS Here we have demonstrated that the secretome from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells shows robust effects on cellular processes that promote tissue regeneration. Furthermore, we show that the whole ADSC secretome is capable of enhancing the rate of skeletal muscle regeneration following acute damage. We assessed the efficacy of the total secretome compared with the extracellular vesicle fraction on a number of assays that inform on tissue regeneration and demonstrate that both fractions affect different aspects of the process in vitro and in vivo. Our in vitro, in vivo, and bioinformatic results show that factors that promote regeneration are distributed both within extracellular vesicles and the soluble fraction of the secretome. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study implies that extracellular vesicles and soluble molecules within ADSC secretome act in a synergistic manner to promote muscle generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Ben Mellows
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Jonathan Sheard
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Biology Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- Sheard BioTech Ltd, 20-22 Wenlock Road, London, N1 7GU UK
| | | | - Oliver Kretz
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Renal Division, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - David Chambers
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College, London, UK
| | - Marie-Theres Zeuner
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Biology Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - James E. Tomkins
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Biology Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Bernd Denecke
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Luca Musante
- Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barbara Joch
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Harry Holthofer
- Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences (CBAS), Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- FRIAS Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steve Ray
- Micregen, Alderley Edge, Manchester, UK
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Renal Division, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- FRIAS Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies and Centre for Systems Biology (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joern Dengjel
- FRIAS Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Darius Widera
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Biology Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- FRIAS Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Chen Q, Wen M, Li J, Zhou H, Jin S, Zhou JJ, Wang Y, Ren B. Involvement of heat shock protein 40 in the wing dimorphism of the house cricket Acheta domesticus. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 114:35-44. [PMID: 30776423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wing dimorphism is a common phenomenon in a wide range of insect taxa. In most insects, the two morphs are macropterous and micropterous, in extreme cases of the latter, wing shedding can occur. Wing dimorphism contributes significantly to the ecological success of many insect species. However, the molecular basis of wing dimorphism is not fully understood, especially for wing-shed. Here, differentially expressed genes over eight developmental stages of the house cricket Acheta domesticus, which undergoes wing-shed dimorphism, were studied. The results revealed a wing-shed peak during adult development in which many DEGs were highly upregulated and it's influenced by cricket population density. A weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) grouped 21,922 DEGs among 141,456 unigenes into 18 modules of different expression patterns. The module in which the gene expression pattern correlated with the wing-shed phenotypic data was selected for further analyses with STEM and Cytoscape, and three candidate genes (AdomHSP40: Heat shock protein 40, AdomCFDP: Craniofacial development protein, AdomDIS3L: DIS3 Like 3'-5' Exoribonuclease) were identified by gene network analysis as the DEGs most relevant to wing-shed occurrence. The RNA interference of these genes together with an insulin receptor and Nylanderia fulva virus showed that the silencing of AdomHSP40 significantly decreased wing-shed occurrence, whereas the silencing of other candidate genes did not, suggesting that AdomHSP40 plays a crucial role in the wing-shed of Acheta domesticus. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying wing dimorphism in the house crickets, which differ from those found in other insects such as the planthopper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Wen
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Haifeng Zhou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Sha Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing-Jiang Zhou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Yinliang Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Bingzhong Ren
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
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Dong X, Qi H, He B, Jiang D, Zhu B. RNA Sequencing Analysis to Capture the Transcriptome Landscape during Tenderization in Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Molecules 2019; 24:E998. [PMID: 30871127 PMCID: PMC6429463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) is an economically significant species in China having great commercial value. It is challenging to maintain the textural properties during thermal processing due to the distinctive physiochemical structure of the A. japonicus body wall (AJBW). In this study, the gene expression profiles associated with tenderization in AJBW were determined at 0 h (CON), 1 h (T_1h), and 3 h (T_3h) after treatment at 37 °C using Illumina HiSeq™ 4000 platform. Seven-hundred-and-twenty-one and 806 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in comparisons of T_1h vs. CON and T_3h vs. CON, respectively. Among these DEGs, we found that two endogenous proteases-72 kDa type IV collagenase and matrix metalloproteinase 16 precursor-were significantly upregulated that could directly affect the tenderness of AJBW. In addition, 92 genes controlled four types of physiological and biochemical processes such as oxidative stress response (3), immune system process (55), apoptosis (4), and reorganization of the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix (30). Further, the RT-qPCR results confirmed the accuracy of RNA-sequencing analysis. Our results showed the dynamic changes in global gene expression during tenderization and provided a series of candidate genes that contributed to tenderization in AJBW. This can help further studies on the genetics/molecular mechanisms associated with tenderization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Dong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Hang Qi
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Baoyu He
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Di Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China.
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Apostolopoulos A, Nakamura A, Yokoyama S, Aoshima M, Fujimoto R, Nakamura K, Ito R, Goto K. Nuclear Accumulation of HSP70 in Mouse Skeletal Muscles in Response to Heat Stress, Aging, and Unloading With or Without Reloading. Front Genet 2018; 9:617. [PMID: 30619453 PMCID: PMC6307543 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the nuclear accumulation of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), a molecular chaperonin in mouse skeletal muscle in response to aging, heat stress, and hindlimb unloading with or without reloading. Profiles of HSP70-specific nuclear transporter Hikeshi in skeletal muscles were also evaluated. Heat stress-associated nuclear accumulation of HSP70 was observed in slow soleus (SOL) and fast plantaris (PLA) muscles of young (10-week-old) mice. Mean nuclear expression level of HSP70 in slow medial gastrocnemius (MGAS) and PLA muscles of aged (100-week-old) mice increased ~4.8 and ~1.7 times, compared to that of young (10-week-old) mice. Reloading following 2-week hindlimb unloading caused accumulation of HSP70 in myonuclei in MGAS and PLA of young mice ( p < 0.05). However, reloading-associated nuclear accumulation of HSP70 was not observed in both types of muscles of aged mice. On the other hand, 2-week hindlimb unloading had no impact on the nuclear accumulation of HSP70 in both muscles of young and aged mice. Nuclear expression level of Hikeshi in both MGAS and PLA in mice was suppressed by aging. No significant changes in the nuclear Hikeshi in both muscles were induced by unloading with or without reloading. Results of this study indicate that the nuclear accumulation of HSP70 might show a protective response against cellular stresses in skeletal muscle and that the protective response may be suppressed by aging. Protective response to aging might depend on muscle fiber types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Apostolopoulos
- Centre of Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Ayane Nakamura
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Shingo Yokoyama
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Megumi Aoshima
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Risa Fujimoto
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Kodai Nakamura
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Rika Ito
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Japan.,Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Goto
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Japan
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27
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Hang K, Ye C, Chen E, Zhang W, Xue D, Pan Z. Role of the heat shock protein family in bone metabolism. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:1153-1164. [PMID: 30187197 PMCID: PMC6237693 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins produced by cells in response to exposure to stressful conditions. In addition to their role as chaperones, they also play an important role in the cardiovascular, immune, and other systems. Normal bone tissue is maintained by bone metabolism, particularly by the balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are physiologically regulated by multiple hormones and cytokines. In recent years, studies have reported the vital role of HSPs in bone metabolism. However, the conclusions remain largely controversial, and the exact mechanisms are still unclear, so a review and analyses of previous studies are of importance. This article reviews the current understanding of the roles and effects of HSPs on bone cells (osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes), in relation to bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Chenyi Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Erman Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Deting Xue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Zhijun Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
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28
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Binelli A, Magni S, La Porta C, Bini L, Della Torre C, Ascagni M, Maggioni D, Ghilardi A, Armini A, Landi C, Santo N, Madaschi L, Coccè V, Mutti F, Lionetti MC, Ciusani E, Del Giacco L. Cellular pathways affected by carbon nanopowder-benzo(α)pyrene complex in human skin fibroblasts identified by proteomics. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 160:144-153. [PMID: 29803189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the crucial and unsolved problems of the airborne carbon nanoparticles is the role played by the adsorbed environmental pollutants on their toxicological effect. Indeed, in the urban areas, the carbon nanoparticles usually adsorb some atmospheric contaminants, whose one of the leading representatives is the benzo(α)pyrene. Herein, we used the proteomics to investigate the alteration of toxicological pathways due to the carbon nanopowder-benzo(α)pyrene complex in comparison with the two contaminants administered alone on human skin-derived fibroblasts (hSDFs) exposed for 8 days in semi-static conditions. The preliminary confocal microscopy observations highlighted that carbon-nanopowder was able to pass through the cell membranes and accumulate into the cytoplasm both when administered alone and with the adsorbed benzo(α)pyrene. Proteomics revealed that the effect of carbon nanopowder-benzo(α)pyrene complex seems to be related to a new toxicological behavior instead of simple additive or synergistic effects. In detail, the cellular pathways modulated by the complex were mainly related to energy shift (glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway), apoptosis, stress response and cellular trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Binelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - S Magni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - C La Porta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Italy; Center for Complexity & Biosystem, University of Milan, Italy
| | - L Bini
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Italy
| | - C Della Torre
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - M Ascagni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy; UNITECH-NOLIMITS Platform, University of Milan, Italy
| | - D Maggioni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Italy
| | - A Ghilardi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - A Armini
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Italy
| | - C Landi
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Italy
| | - N Santo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy; UNITECH-NOLIMITS Platform, University of Milan, Italy
| | - L Madaschi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy; UNITECH-NOLIMITS Platform, University of Milan, Italy
| | - V Coccè
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - F Mutti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Italy; Center for Complexity & Biosystem, University of Milan, Italy
| | - M C Lionetti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Italy; Center for Complexity & Biosystem, University of Milan, Italy
| | - E Ciusani
- Department of Diagnostics and Applied Technology, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - L Del Giacco
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy
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Zhang S, Ai G, Li M, Ye Z, Zhang J. Tomato LrgB regulates heat tolerance and the assimilation and partitioning of carbon. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 274:309-319. [PMID: 30080617 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The impact of extreme and sustained high temperatures on plant growth has become increasingly prominent. Heat shock cognate 70-kDa proteins play an important role in plant heat tolerance. In this study, we identified and characterized the tomato ortholog of LrgB (SlLrgB), and demonstrate that it interacts with Hsc70.1. Similar to other genes that encode chloroplast-localized proteins, the expression of SlLrgB is upregulated in green tissues and suppressed by heat shock. Functional analyses utilizing transgenic plants indicate that SlLrgB contributes to chlorophyll metabolism. Both the overexpression and the RNA interference-mediated suppression of SlLrgB led to chlorotic leaves, reduced plant height, smaller size and decreases in pigment levels in ripening fruits. However, the starch levels in the SlLrgB-RNAi lines were significantly increased and the heat tolerance of SlLrgB-RNAi was obvious elevated. Downregulating the expression of Hsc70.1 by VIGS in tomato led to retarded growth, chlorotic leaves, and increased expression of SlLrgB. Based on these data, we suggest that SlLrgB regulates chlorophyll metabolism and the assimilation and partitioning of carbon. We also suggest that Hsc70.1 and SlLrgB contribute to heat tolerance and that Hsc70.1 negatively regulates SlLrgB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Guo Ai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Miao Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; National Center for Vegetable Improvement (Central China), Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; National Center for Vegetable Improvement (Central China), Wuhan, 430070, China.
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30
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Shirato K, Takanari J, Koda T, Sakurai T, Ogasawara J, Ohno H, Kizaki T. A standardized extract of Asparagus officinalis stem prevents reduction in heat shock protein 70 expression in ultraviolet-B-irradiated normal human dermal fibroblasts: an in vitro study. Environ Health Prev Med 2018; 23:40. [PMID: 30131067 PMCID: PMC6104003 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-018-0730-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) exhibits protective effects against ultraviolet (UV)-induced premature skin aging. A standardized extract of Asparagus officinalis stem (EAS) is produced as a novel and unique functional food that induces HSP70 cellular expression. To elucidate the anti-photoaging potencies of EAS, we examined its effects on HSP70 expression levels in UV-B-irradiated normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). Methods NHDFs were treated with 1 mg/mL of EAS or dextrin (vehicle control) prior to UV-B irradiation (20 mJ/cm2). After culturing NHDFs for different time periods, HSP70 mRNA and protein levels were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. Results UV-B-irradiated NHDFs showed reduced HSP70 mRNA levels after 1–6 h of culture, which were recovered after 24 h of culture. Treatment with EAS alone for 24 h increased HSP70 mRNA levels in the NHDFs, but the increase was not reflected in its protein levels. On the other hand, pretreatment with EAS abolished the UV-B irradiation-induced reduction in HSP70 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. These results suggest that EAS is capable to preserve HSP70 quantity in UV-B-irradiated NHDFs. Conclusions EAS exhibits anti-photoaging potencies by preventing the reduction in HSP70 expression in UV-irradiated dermal fibroblasts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12199-018-0730-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Shirato
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan.
| | - Jun Takanari
- Amino Up Chemical Co. Ltd, 363-32 Shin-ei, Kiyota, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 004-0839, Japan
| | - Tomoko Koda
- Faculty of Nursing, Tokyo Healthcare University, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8558, Japan
| | - Takuya Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Junetsu Ogasawara
- Department of Health Science, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohno
- Social Medical Corporation, The Yamatokai Foundation, 1-13-12 Nangai, Higashiyamato, Tokyo, 207-0014, Japan
| | - Takako Kizaki
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
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31
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Ran X, Burchfiel ET, Dong B, Rettko NJ, Dunyak BM, Shao H, Thiele DJ, Gestwicki JE. Rational design and screening of peptide-based inhibitors of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5299-5306. [PMID: 29661622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is a stress-responsive transcription factor that regulates expression of protein chaperones and cell survival factors. In cancer, HSF1 plays a unique role, hijacking the normal stress response to drive a cancer-specific transcriptional program. These observations suggest that HSF1 inhibitors could be promising therapeutics. However, HSF1 is activated through a complex mechanism, which involves release of a negative regulatory domain, leucine zipper 4 (LZ4), from a masked oligomerization domain (LZ1-3), and subsequent binding of the oligomer to heat shock elements (HSEs) in HSF1-responsive genes. Recent crystal structures have suggested that HSF1 oligomers are held together by extensive, buried contact surfaces, making it unclear whether there are any possible binding sites for inhibitors. Here, we have rationally designed a series of peptide-based molecules based on the LZ4 and LZ1-3 motifs. Using a plate-based, fluorescence polarization (FP) assay, we identified a minimal region of LZ4 that suppresses binding of HSF1 to the HSE. Using this information, we converted this peptide into a tracer and used it to understand how binding of LZ4 to LZ1-3 suppresses HSF1 activation. Together, these results suggest a previously unexplored avenue in the development of HSF1 inhibitors. Furthermore, the findings highlight how native interactions can inspire the design of inhibitors for even the most challenging protein-protein interactions (PPIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ran
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Eileen T Burchfiel
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Bushu Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Nicholas J Rettko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Bryan M Dunyak
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Hao Shao
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Dennis J Thiele
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States.
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Qi YX, Liu K, Yin J, Li L. Evaluation of short- and long-term efficacy of chemoradiotherapy for advanced cervical cancer using HSP70 protein combined with multimodal MRI. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:3017-3029. [PMID: 29023986 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy for advanced cervical cancer using heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) combined with multimodal MRI. The protein expressions of HSP70 in biopsy specimens obtained from 101 patients with cervical cancer were detected by immunohistochemistry. Plain MRI scan, DWI, DCE-MR, and MRS were performed before and after a period of 6 months of chemoradiotherapy. All patients were assigned into the complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) groups. HSP70 protein expression, tumor diameter, and tumor volume were lower in the CR group than in the PR group. The rate of tumor shrinkage, relative positive enhancement integral (rPEI), relative maximum slope of decrease (rMSD), relative signal enhancement ratio at 60 s (rSER60 ) and maximum SER (rSERmax ), mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmean ) and minimum ADC value (ADCmin ) values in the CR group were higher than those in the PR group. Tumor diameter and volume, rSER15 and rSER30 were reduced after chemoradiotherapy, while rMSD, rSERmax , time to peak (TTP), ADCmean and ADCmin were higher after the treatment. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves indicated that HSP70 expression, tumor diameter, rPEI, ADCmean and Cho peak showed the better chemoradiotherapy efficacy. Our data demonstrates that HSP70 protein combined with multimodal MRI may accurately evaluate the chemoradiotherapy efficacy of patients with advanced cervical cancer. The recurrence of cervical cancer significantly decreased in patients with negative expression of HSP70 and HSP70 protein detection provides potential therapy for the prevention, diagnosis, and prognosis of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xiang Qi
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Daqing Longnan Hospital, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yin
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Lu Li
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China
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Differential gene expression in the intestine of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) under low and high salinity conditions. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2017; 25:34-41. [PMID: 29145027 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus is an important species for aquaculture, and its behavior and physiology can change in response to changing salinity conditions. For this reason, it is important to understand the molecular responses of A. japonicus when exposed to ambient changes in salinity. In this study, RNA-Seq provided a general overview of the gene expression profiles in the intestine of A. japonicus exposed to high salinity (SD40), normal salinity (SD30) and low salinity (SD20) environments. Screening for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the NOISeq method identified 109, 100, and 89 DEGs based on a fold change of ≥2 and divergence probability ≥0.8 according to the comparisons of SD20 vs. SD30, SD20 vs.SD40, and SD30 vs. SD40, respectively. Gene ontology analysis showed that the terms "metabolic process" and "catalytic activity" comprised the most enriched DEGs. These fell into the categories of "biological process" and "molecular function". While "cell" and "cell part" had the most enriched DEGs in the category of "cellular component". With these DEGs mapping to 2119, 159, and 160 pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. Of these 51, 2, and 57 pathways were significantly enriched, respectively. The osmosis-specific DEGs identified in this study of A. japonicus will be important targets for further studies to understand the biochemical mechanisms involved with the adaption of sea cucumbers to changes in salinity.
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Ran D, Daye ZJ. Gene expression variability and the analysis of large-scale RNA-seq studies with the MDSeq. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:e127. [PMID: 28535263 PMCID: PMC5737414 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapidly decreasing cost of next-generation sequencing has led to the recent availability of large-scale RNA-seq data, that empowers the analysis of gene expression variability, in addition to gene expression means. In this paper, we present the MDSeq, based on the coefficient of dispersion, to provide robust and computationally efficient analysis of both gene expression means and variability on RNA-seq counts. The MDSeq utilizes a novel reparametrization of the negative binomial to provide flexible generalized linear models (GLMs) on both the mean and dispersion. We address challenges of analyzing large-scale RNA-seq data via several new developments to provide a comprehensive toolset that models technical excess zeros, identifies outliers efficiently, and evaluates differential expressions at biologically interesting levels. We evaluated performances of the MDSeq using simulated data when the ground truths are known. Results suggest that the MDSeq often outperforms current methods for the analysis of gene expression mean and variability. Moreover, the MDSeq is applied in two real RNA-seq studies, in which we identified functionally relevant genes and gene pathways. Specifically, the analysis of gene expression variability with the MDSeq on the GTEx human brain tissue data has identified pathways associated with common neurodegenerative disorders when gene expression means were conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ran
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Yin L, Hu Y, Xu J, Guo J, Tu J, Yin Z. Ultraviolet B Inhibits IL-17A/TNF-α-Stimulated Activation of Human Dermal Fibroblasts by Decreasing the Expression of IL-17RA and IL-17RC on Fibroblasts. Front Immunol 2017; 8:91. [PMID: 28217129 PMCID: PMC5289959 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease, and a mixed Th1/Th17 cytokine environment plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Dermal fibroblasts secrete certain cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL-1, contributing to the hyperproliferative state of the epidermis in psoriatic skin. Ultraviolet B (UVB) phototherapy is one of the most commonly used treatments in psoriasis but the influence of UVB on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) in psoriasis treatment is not completely understood. Objectives We conducted this study to mimic a psoriatic microenvironment in order to investigate and illustrate the combined effects of UVB, IL-17A, and TNF-α on HDFs. Methods The cultured HDFs were obtained from foreskin samples and divided into four groups, as follows: control; IL-17A/TNF-α; UVB; and IL-17A/TNF-α + UVB. Cultured HDFs were irradiated with 30 mJ/cm2 UVB followed by addition of IL-17A/TNF-α and incubated for 24 h. We used real-time quantitative PCR, Western blot, ELISA analysis, and flow cytometry to examine gene and protein expression of related pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and receptors. Results HDFs produced significant IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL-1 in response to IL-17A/TNF-α stimulation and UVB irradiation but UVB irradiation inhibited IL-17A/TNF-α-induced IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL-1 expression and downregulated the expression of IL-17RA and IL-17RC at both gene and protein levels. Additionally, UVB irradiation induced significant TGF-β1 protein secretion and expression of Smad3 mRNA and protein by HDFs. TGF-β1 significantly induced the expression of Smad3 mRNA and downregulated the IL-17RA and IL-17RC expression on HDFs. Conclusion UVB irradiation inhibits IL-17A/TNF-α-induced IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL-1 production in HDFs by decreasing the expression of IL-17RA and IL-17RC on fibroblasts through TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway, which reveals a new mechanism of the therapeutic action of UVB on psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - YingYing Hu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - JiaLi Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Jie Tu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - ZhiQiang Yin
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated and neurodegenerative central nervous system disease, mostly affect myelin sheaths. The MS pathogenesis is still under debate. It is influenced by genetic, environment factors. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are highly conserved proteins seen in all organisms. Not only heat stress but also under many stress conditions they are overexpressed. Their roles in MS pathogenesis are highly correlated with their location (intracellular or extracellular). In this chapter, we will discuss the role of HSP in MS pathogenesis.
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Tang S, Yin B, Song E, Chen H, Cheng Y, Zhang X, Bao E, Hartung J. Aspirin upregulates αB-Crystallin to protect the myocardium against heat stress in broiler chickens. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37273. [PMID: 27857180 PMCID: PMC5114548 DOI: 10.1038/srep37273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We established in vivo and in vitro models to investigate the role of αB-Crystallin (CryAB) and assess the ability of aspirin (ASA) to protect the myocardium during prolonged heat stress. Thirty-day-old chickens were divided into three groups (n = 90): heat stress (HS, 40±1 °C); ASA(−)HS(+), 1 mg/kg ASA orally 2 h before heat stress; and ASA(+)HS(−), pretreated with aspirin, no heat stress (25 °C). Hearts were excised after 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 24 h. Heat stress increased body temperature, though the ASA(−)HS(+) group had significantly higher temperatures than the ASA(+)HS(+) group at all time points. Compared to ASA(+)HS(+), the ASA(−)HS(+) group displayed increased sensitivity to heat stress. Pathological analysis revealed the ASA (+)HS(+) myocardium showed less severe changes (narrowed, chaotic fibers; fewer necrotic cells) than the ASA(−)HS(+) group (bleeding and extensive cell death). In vitro, ASA-pretreatment significantly increased primary chicken myocardial cell survival during heat stress. ELISAs indicated ASA induced CryAB in vivo to protect against heat stress-induced myocardial damage, but ASA did not induce CryAB in primary chicken myocardial cells. The mechanisms by which ASA induces the expression of CryAB in vivo and protects the myocardium during heat stress merit further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bin Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Erbao Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Endong Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Joerg Hartung
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, 30173, Germany
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Wu D, Zhang M, Lu Y, Tang S, Kemper N, Hartung J, Bao E. Aspirin-induced heat stress resistance in chicken myocardial cells can be suppressed by BAPTA-AM in vitro. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:817-27. [PMID: 27262845 PMCID: PMC5003798 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Our recent studies have displayed the protective functions of aspirin against heat stress (HS) in chicken myocardial cells, and it may be associated with heat shock proteins (HSPs). In this study, we further investigated the potential role of HSPs in the aspirin-induced heat stress resistance. Four of the most important HSPs including HspB1 (Hsp27), Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90 were induced by aspirin pretreatment and were suppressed by BAPTA-AM. When HSPs were induced by aspirin, much slighter HS injury was detected. But more serious damages were observed when HSPs were suppressed by BAPTA-AM than those cells exposed to HS without BAPTA-AM, even the myocardial cells have been treated with aspirin in prior. Comparing to other HSPs, HspB1 presented the largest increase after aspirin treatments, 86-fold higher than the baseline (the level before HS). These findings suggested that multiple HSPs participated in aspirin's anti-heat stress function but HspB1 may contribute the most. Interestingly, during the experiments, we also found that apoptosis rate as well as the oxidative stress indicators (T-SOD and MDA) was not consistently responding to heat stress injury as expected. By selecting from a series of candidates, myocardial cell damage-related enzymes (CK-MB and LDH), cytopathological tests, and necrosis rate (measured by flow cytometry assays) are believed to be reliable indicators to evaluate heat stress injury in chicken's myocardial cells and they will be used in our further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 210038, China
| | - Yinjun Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shu Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - N Kemper
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Hartung
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Endong Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Zhou X, Qian G, Yi X, Li X, Liu W. Systematic Analysis of the Lysine Acetylome in Candida albicans. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:2525-36. [PMID: 27297460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) is a worldwide cause of fungal infectious diseases. As a general post-translational modification (PTM), lysine acetylation of proteins play an important regulatory role in almost every cell. In our research, we used a high-resolution proteomic technique (LC-MS/MS) to present the comprehensive analysis of the acetylome in C. albicans. In general, we detected 477 acetylated proteins among all 9038 proteins (5.28%) in C. albicans, which had 1073 specific acetylated sites. The bioinformatics analysis of the acetylome showed a significant role in the regulation of metabolism. To be more precise, proteins involved in carbon metabolism and biosynthesis were the underlying objectives of acetylation. Besides, through the study of the acetylome, we found a universal rule in acetylated motifs: the +4, +5, or +6 position, which is an alkaline residue with a long side chain (K or R), and the +1 or +2 position, which is a residue with a long side chain (Y, H, W, or F). To the best of our knowledge, all screening acetylated histone sites of this study have not been previously reported. Moreover, protein-protein interaction network (PPI) study demonstrated that a variety of connections in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and the ribosome were modulated by acetylation and phosphorylation, but the phosphorylated proteins in oxidative phosphorylation PPI network were not abundant, which indicated that acetylation may have a more significant effect than phosphorylation on oxidative phosphorylation. This is the first study of the acetylome in human pathogenic fungi, providing an important starting point for the in-depth discovery of the functional analysis of acetylated proteins in such fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhou
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanyu Qian
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingling Yi
- Jingjie PTM Bio (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weida Liu
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Shin JU, Lee WJ, Oh SH, Kim DY, Kim DS, Jung I, Lee JH. Altered vimentin protein expression in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells after ultraviolet or intense pulsed light treatment. Lasers Surg Med 2014; 46:431-8. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung U Shin
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Won Jai Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Sang Ho Oh
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Dae Suk Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Inhee Jung
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
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Wang X, Jiang Q, Wang W, Su L, Han Y, Wang C. Molecular mechanism of polypeptides from Chlamys farreri (PCF)’s anti-apoptotic effect in UVA-exposed HaCaT cells involves HSF1/HSP70, JNK, XO, iNOS and NO/ROS. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 130:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Proteomic profiling reveals upregulated protein expression of hsp70 in keloids. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:621538. [PMID: 24260741 PMCID: PMC3821890 DOI: 10.1155/2013/621538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background. The biochemical characteristics of keloid-derived fibroblasts differ from those of adjacent normal fibroblasts, and these differences are thought to be the cause of abnormal fibrosis. Therefore, we investigated the characteristic proteins that are differentially expressed in keloid-derived fibroblasts using proteomics tools. Objective. We attempted to investigate the novel proteins that play important roles in the pathophysiology of keloids. Methods. Proteomics analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed proteins in keloid-derived fibroblasts. Keloid-derived fibroblasts and adjacent normal fibroblasts were analyzed with 2-DAGE. We validated these proteins with immunoblot analysis, real-time RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Results. Sixteen differentially expressed protein spots were identified in keloid-derived fibroblasts. Among them, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) was specifically upregulated in keloid-derived fibroblasts. Also, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis revealed increased Hsp70, TGF-β, and PCNA expressions in keloids compared to normal tissue. Conclusion. Hsp70 is overexpressed in keloid fibroblasts and tissue. The overexpression of Hsp70 may be involved in the pathogenesis of keloids, and the inhibition of Hsp70 could be a new therapeutic tool for the treatment of keloids.
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Chung E, Rylander MN. Response of preosteoblasts to thermal stress conditioning and osteoinductive growth factors. Cell Stress Chaperones 2012; 17:203-14. [PMID: 22116637 PMCID: PMC3273562 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-011-0300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditioning protocols involving mechanical stress independently or with chemical cues such as growth factors (GFs) possess significant potential to enhance bone regeneration. However, utilization of thermal stress conditioning alone or with GFs for bone therapy has been under-investigated. In this study, a preosteoblast cell line (MC3T3-E1) was exposed to treatment with water bath heating (44°C, 4 and 8 min) and osteoinductive GFs (bone morphogenetic protein-2 and transforming growth factor-β1) individually or in combination to investigate whether these stimuli could promote induction of bone-related markers, an angiogenic factor, and heat shock proteins (HSPs). Cells remained viable when heating durations were less than 20 min at 40ºC, 16 min at 42ºC, and 10 min at 44ºC. Increasing heating duration at 44°C, promoted gene expression of HSPs, osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN) at 8 h post-heating (PH). Heating in combination with GFs caused the greatest gene induction of osteoprotegerin (OPG; 6.9- and 1.6-fold induction compared to sham-treated and GF only treated groups, respectively) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; 16.0- and 1.6-fold compared to sham and GF-only treated groups, respectively) at 8 h PH. Both heating and GFs independently suppressed the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene. GF treatment caused a more significant decrease in MMP-9 protein secretion to non-detectable levels compared to heating alone at 72 h PH. Secretion of OCN, OPN, and OPG increased with the addition of GFs but diminished with heating as measured by ELISA at 72 h PH. These results suggest that conditioning protocols utilizing heating and GFs individually or in combination can induce HSPs, bone-related proteins, and VEGF while also causing downregulation of osteoclastic activity, potentially providing a promising bone therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunna Chung
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech–Wake Forest University, Virginia Tech, ICTAS Bldg., Stanger Street (MC 0298), Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Marissa Nichole Rylander
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech–Wake Forest University, Virginia Tech, ICTAS Bldg., Stanger Street (MC 0298), Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, ICTAS Bldg., Stanger Street (MC 0298), Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
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Beckham JT, Wilmink GJ, Mackanos MA, Takahashi K, Contag CH, Takahashi T, Jansen ED. Role of HSP70 in cellular thermotolerance. Lasers Surg Med 2009; 40:704-15. [PMID: 19065555 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Thermal pretreatment has been shown to condition tissue to a more severe secondary heat stress. In this research we examined the particular contribution of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in thermal preconditioning. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS For optimization of preshock exposures, a bioluminescent Hsp70-luciferase reporter system in NIH3T3 cells tracked the activation of the Hsp70 gene. Cells in 96-well plates were pretreated in a 43 degrees C water bath for 30 minutes, followed 4 hours later with a severe heat shock at 45 degrees C for 50 minutes. Bioluminescence was measured at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 hours after preshock only (PS) and at 4 hours after preshock with heatshock (PS+HS). Viability was assessed 48 hours later with a fluorescent viability dye. Preshock induced thermotolerance was then evaluated in hsp70-containing Murine Embryo Fibroblast (+/+) cells and Hsp70-deficient MEF cells (-/-) through an Arrhenius damage model across varying temperatures (44.5-46 degrees C). RESULTS A time gap of 4 hours between preconditioning and the thermal insult was shown to be the most effective for thermotolerance with statistical confidence of P<0.05. The benefit of preshocking was largely abrogated in Hsp70-deficient cells. The Arrhenius data showed that preshocking leads to increases in the activation energies, E(a), and increases in frequency factors, A. The frequency factor increase was significantly greater in Hsp70-deficient cells. CONCLUSION The data shows that HSP70 contributes significantly to cellular thermotolerance but there are other pathways that provide residual thermotolerance in cells deficient in Hsp70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh T Beckham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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Increased expression of heat shock protein 70 and heat shock factor 1 in chronic dermal ulcer tissues treated with laser-aided therapy. Chin Med J (Engl) 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200807020-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Lee HT, Kim M, Kim J, Kim N, Emala CW. TGF-beta1 release by volatile anesthetics mediates protection against renal proximal tubule cell necrosis. Am J Nephrol 2007; 27:416-24. [PMID: 17622749 DOI: 10.1159/000105124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We have previously demonstrated that clinically utilized volatile anesthetics protect against renal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats in vivo and reduce necrosis in vitro via activation of ERK and Akt and by upregulating HSP70. In this study, we further deciphered the upstream cellular signaling mechanism(s) of volatile anesthetic-mediated antinecrotic effects in vitro. We hypothesized that volatile anesthetics perturb the structure of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer, causing externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) to the outer surface on renal tubule cells leading to the increased generation of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), a cytokine with antinecrotic properties. METHODS AND RESULTS In human proximal tubule (HK-2) cell culture, 16-hour exposure to volatile anesthetics (isoflurane, halothane, sevoflurane) caused membrane externalization of PS detected by positive annexin-V staining and increased the release of TGF-beta1 into the cell culture media. Exogenous TGF-beta1 induced protection and neutralizing TGF-beta1 antibody prevented the cytoprotection by volatile anesthetics against hydrogen peroxide-induced HK-2 cell necrosis. CONCLUSIONS Volatile anesthetics induce a cytoprotective signaling cascade in proximal tubule cells via membrane externalization of PS initiating TGF-beta1-mediated cytoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Thomas Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032-3784, USA.
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Fujita T, Ikejima H, Yamagata N, Kudo Y, Hoshi K. In Vitro Response of Immunoregulatory Cytokine Expression in Human Monocytic Cells to Human Parvovirus B19 Capsid. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:2027-30. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.2027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Fujita
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Showa Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hideaki Ikejima
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Showa Pharmaceutical University
| | - Nanako Yamagata
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Showa Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yuko Kudo
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Showa Pharmaceutical University
| | - Keiko Hoshi
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Showa Pharmaceutical University
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Kira S, Mori M, Takatani J, Uchino T, Yasuda N, Miyakawa H, Noguchi T. Effects of high peak airway pressure on the expression of heat shock protein 70 in rat lungs: a preliminary study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2006; 50:469-74. [PMID: 16548859 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2005.00942.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is induced by a wide variety of stresses in addition to hyperthermia. Recent studies have clarified that mechanical stretching and pressure overload can induce HSP70 in some tissues and cells. However, it remains unclear whether HSP70 is induced in stretch-subjected lungs, such as those under mechanical ventilation. This study was designed to investigate the effects of high peak airway pressure (PAP) ventilation on HSP70 expression in intact rat lungs. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to one of three groups: non-ventilated (anesthesia alone) control group; PAP 15 cm H(2)O group (P15); and PAP 30 cm H(2)O group (P30). The rats in the PAP groups were subjected to pressure-controlled assisted ventilation at the appropriate PAP for 30 min. Rats were killed at 12, 24 and 48 h after ventilation or anesthesia alone, and the lungs were removed. The lung tissues were processed for immunohistochemical and Western blotting analyses of HSP70. RESULTS Following 30 min of pressure-controlled assisted ventilation, HSP70 expression in the P30 group was significantly up-regulated in bronchiolar cells and subepithelial tissues at 12 h, and this up-regulation continued throughout the observation period. In contrast, there were no significant differences between the control and P15 groups, although the expression of HSP70 was higher in the P15 group than in the control group at all time points. CONCLUSIONS HSP70 was induced by high PAP ventilation, but its specific role and induction mechanism remain unclear. Therefore, further investigations should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kira
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-machi, Oita, Japan.
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Lévesque M, Guimond JC, Pilote M, Leclerc S, Moldovan F, Roy S. Expression of heat-shock protein 70 during limb development and regeneration in the axolotl. Dev Dyn 2005; 233:1525-34. [PMID: 15965983 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Urodele amphibians (e.g., axolotls) have the unique ability, among vertebrates, to regenerate perfectly many parts of their body after amputation. The limb has been the most widely studied regenerating structure in these organisms and provides an ideal model in which to understand how vertebrates can regenerate complex tissues. The present study focuses on Hsp-70, a member of the stress-related heat-shock protein family. This protein is normally induced after a stress or trauma such as heat-shock, ultraviolet irradiation, or wounding. Thus, studying its expression during axolotl limb regeneration, a response to an important traumatic event (amputation), is of great interest to further understand how the regenerative process is mediated. Using molecular biology and biochemical techniques, we have characterized both the spatiotemporal and quantitative expression patterns of Hsp-70 in axolotl development and regeneration. Our results show that Hsp-70 is expressed and regulated during axolotl development as in other vertebrates. Our data also demonstrate an up-regulation of the RNA transcript for Hsp-70 during limb regeneration as early as 24 hr after amputation that is maintained up to early differentiation. We also demonstrate a similar pattern of expression for the protein during regeneration. Finally, we show that axolotl Hsp-70 is induced threefold after heat-shock as observed in other vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Lévesque
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Philips N, Keller T, Gonzalez S. TGF beta-like regulation of matrix metalloproteinases by anti-transforming growth factor-beta, and anti-transforming growth factor-beta 1 antibodies in dermal fibroblasts: Implications for wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 2004. [PMID: 14974965 DOI: 10.1111/j.1067-1927.2004.012111.x-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) stimulates collagen and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression and inhibits MMP-1 expression in dermal fibroblasts. Anti-TGF-beta antibodies have been proposed in the prevention of wound scars. The goal of this research was to investigate the regulation of matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -2 expression at the protein, mRNA, and transcriptional levels using an anti-TGF-beta antibody to TGF-beta 1, 2, 3, and 5 (all isoforms), and specifically by an anti-TGF-beta 1 antibody. Both antibodies, though at doses lower than the recommended neutralization dose, stimulated the expression of TGF-beta, and exhibited TGF-beta-like regulation of the matrix metalloproteinases. The antibodies inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-1 protein, mRNA, and promoter activity. The protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 were up-regulated to a greater extent than the matrix metalloproteinase-2 mRNA level by both antibodies. These effects of anti-TGF-beta and anti-TGF-beta 1 antibodies on matrix metalloproteinase regulation were mimicked by exogenous TGF-beta 1 but not rabbit or chicken IgG. We infer that the anti-TGF-beta1 isoform that forms part of the composition of the anti-TGF-beta antibody to all isoforms may be responsible for the feedback stimulation of TGF-beta and the resultant alterations in the expression of the matrix metalloproteinases by the anti-TGF-beta antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena Philips
- Department of Biology and Chemistry/Biochemistry, Georgian Court College, Lakewood, New Jersey 08701, USA.
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