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Kameoka T, Okayasu T, Kikuraku K, Ogawa T, Sawa Y, Yamamoto H, Ishikawa T, Maruta T. Cooperation of chloroplast ascorbate peroxidases and proton gradient regulation 5 is critical for protecting Arabidopsis plants from photo-oxidative stress. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:876-892. [PMID: 34028907 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
High-light (HL) stress enhances the production of H2 O2 from the photosynthetic electron transport chain in chloroplasts, potentially causing photo-oxidative damage. Although stromal and thylakoid membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidases (sAPX and tAPX, respectively) are major H2 O2 -scavenging enzymes in chloroplasts, their knockout mutants do not exhibit a visible phenotype under HL stress. Trans-thylakoid proton gradient (∆pH)-dependent mechanisms exist for controlling H2 O2 production from photosynthesis, such as thermal dissipation of light energy and downregulation of electron transfer between photosystems II and I, and these may compensate for the lack of APXs. To test this hypothesis, we focused on a proton gradient regulation 5 (pgr5) mutant, wherein both ∆pH-dependent mechanisms are impaired, and an Arabidopsis sapx tapx double mutant was crossed with the pgr5 single mutant. The sapx tapx pgr5 triple mutant exhibited extreme sensitivity to HL compared with its parental lines. This phenotype was consistent with cellular redox perturbations and enhanced expression of many oxidative stress-responsive genes. These findings demonstrate that the PGR5-dependent mechanisms compensate for chloroplast APXs, and vice versa. An intriguing finding was that the failure of induction of non-photochemical quenching in pgr5 (because of the limitation in ∆pH formation) was partially recovered in sapx tapx pgr5. Further genetic studies suggested that this recovery was dependent on the NADH dehydrogenase-like complex-dependent pathway for cyclic electron flow around photosystem I. Together with data from the sapx tapx npq4 mutant, we discuss the interrelationship between APXs and ∆pH-dependent mechanisms under HL stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kameoka
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Takaya Okayasu
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Kana Kikuraku
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Takahisa Ogawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sawa
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Takanori Maruta
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
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Garcia-Seco D, Chiapello M, Bracale M, Pesce C, Bagnaresi P, Dubois E, Moulin L, Vannini C, Koebnik R. Transcriptome and proteome analysis reveal new insight into proximal and distal responses of wheat to foliar infection by Xanthomonas translucens. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10157. [PMID: 28860643 PMCID: PMC5579275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular details of local plant response against Xanthomonas translucens infection is largely unknown. Moreover, there is no knowledge about effects of the pathogen on the root's transcriptome and proteome. Therefore, we investigated the global gene and protein expression changes both in leaves and roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum) 24 h post leaf infection of X. translucens. This simultaneous analysis allowed us to obtain insight into possible metabolic rearrangements in above- and belowground tissues and to identify common responses as well as specific alterations. At the site of infection, we observed the implication of various components of the recognition, signaling, and amplification mechanisms in plant response to the pathogen. Moreover, data indicate a massive down-regulation of photosynthesis and confirm the chloroplast as crucial signaling hub during pathogen attack. Notably, roots responded as well to foliar attack and their response significantly differed from that locally triggered in infected leaves. Data indicate that roots as a site of energy production and synthesis of various secondary metabolites may actively influence the composition and colonisation level of root-associated microbes. Finally, our results emphasize the accumulation of jasmonic acid, pipecolic acid and/or the downstream mediator of hydrogen peroxide as long distal signals from infected leaves to roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Garcia-Seco
- IRD, Cirad, Univ. Montpellier, Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement (IPME), 34394, Montpellier, France.
| | - M Chiapello
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - M Bracale
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - C Pesce
- IRD, Cirad, Univ. Montpellier, Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement (IPME), 34394, Montpellier, France
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology Phytopathology, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - P Bagnaresi
- Council for agricultural research and economics (CREA) - Genomics Research Centre, via San Protaso 302, 29017, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Piacenza, Italy
| | - E Dubois
- CNRS, Montpellier GenomiX, c/o Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, 141 rue de la Cardonille, Montpellier Cedex 34, France
| | - L Moulin
- IRD, Cirad, Univ. Montpellier, Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement (IPME), 34394, Montpellier, France
| | - C Vannini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy.
| | - R Koebnik
- IRD, Cirad, Univ. Montpellier, Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement (IPME), 34394, Montpellier, France
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Kasajima I. Difference in oxidative stress tolerance between rice cultivars estimated with chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:168. [PMID: 28446247 PMCID: PMC5406975 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is considered to be involved in growth retardation of plants when they are exposed to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. Despite its potential importance in improving crop production, comparative studies on oxidative stress tolerance between rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars are limited. This work describes the difference in term of oxidative stress tolerance between 72 rice cultivars. METHODS 72 rice cultivars grown under naturally lit greenhouse were used in this study. Excised leaf discs were subjected to a low concentration of methyl viologen (paraquat), a chemical reagent known to generate reactive oxygen species in chloroplast. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis using a two-dimensional fluorescence meter, ion leakage analysis as well as the measurement of chlorophyll contents were used to evaluate the oxidative stress tolerance of leaf discs. Furthermore, fluorescence intensities were finely analyzed based on new fluorescence theories that we have optimized. RESULTS Treatment of leaf discs with methyl viologen caused differential decrease of maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) between cultivars. Decrease of Fv/Fm was also closely correlated with increase of ion leakage and decrease of chlorophyll a/b ratio. Fv/Fm was factorized into photochemical and non-photochemical parameters to classify rice cultivars into sensitive and tolerant ones. Among the 72 compared rice cultivars, the traditional cultivar Co13 was identified as the most tolerant to oxidative stress. Koshihikari, a dominant modern Japonica cultivar in Japan as well as IR58, one of the modern Indica breeding lines exhibited a strong tolerance to oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Close correlation between Fv/Fm and chlorophyll a/b ratio provides a simple method to estimate oxidative stress tolerance, without measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence with special equipment. The fact that modern cultivars, especially major cultivars possessed tolerance to oxidative stress suggests that oxidative stress tolerance is one of the agricultural traits prerequisite for improvement of modern rice cultivars. Data presented in this study would enable breeding of rice cultivars having strong tolerance to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Kasajima
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, Iwate, Japan.
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Vigani G, Di Silvestre D, Agresta AM, Donnini S, Mauri P, Gehl C, Bittner F, Murgia I. Molybdenum and iron mutually impact their homeostasis in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:1222-1241. [PMID: 27735062 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) and iron (Fe) are essential micronutrients required for crucial enzyme activities in plant metabolism. Here we investigated the existence of a mutual control of Mo and Fe homeostasis in cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Plants were grown under single or combined Mo and Fe starvation. Physiological parameters were measured, the ionomes of tissues and the ionomes and proteomes of root mitochondria were profiled, and the activities of molybdo-enzymes and the synthesis of molybdenum cofactor (Moco) were evaluated. Fe and Mo were found to affect each other's total uptake and distribution within tissues and at the mitochondrial level, with Fe nutritional status dominating over Mo homeostasis and affecting Mo availability for molybdo-enzymes in the form of Moco. Fe starvation triggered Moco biosynthesis and affected the molybdo-enzymes, with its main impact on nitrate reductase and xanthine dehydrogenase, both being involved in nitrogen assimilation and mobilization, and on the mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component. These results, together with the identification of > 100 proteins differentially expressed in root mitochondria, highlight the central role of mitochondria in the coordination of Fe and Mo homeostasis and allow us to propose the first model of the molecular interactions connecting Mo and Fe homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Vigani
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Di Silvestre
- Proteomic and Metabolomic Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), via F.lli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Anna Maria Agresta
- Proteomic and Metabolomic Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), via F.lli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Silvia Donnini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Proteomic and Metabolomic Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), via F.lli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Christian Gehl
- Institute of Horticulture Production Systems, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Bittner
- Department of Plant Biology, Braunschweig University of Technology, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Irene Murgia
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
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van Buer J, Cvetkovic J, Baier M. Cold regulation of plastid ascorbate peroxidases serves as a priming hub controlling ROS signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:163. [PMID: 27439459 PMCID: PMC4955218 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0856-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short cold periods comprise a challenge to plant growth and development. Series of cold stresses improve plant performance upon a future cold stress. This effect could be provoked by priming, training or acclimation dependent hardening. Here, we compared the effect of 24 h (short priming stimulus) and of 2 week long cold-pretreatment (long priming stimulus) on the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to a single 24 h cold stimulus (triggering) after a 5 day long lag-phase, to test Arabidopsis for cold primability. RESULTS Three types of pretreatment dependent responses were observed: (1) The CBF-regulon controlled gene COR15A was stronger activated only after long-term cold pretreatment. (2) The non-chloroplast specific stress markers PAL1 and CHS were more induced by cold after long-term and slightly stronger expressed after short-term cold priming. (3) The chloroplast ROS signaling marker genes ZAT10 and BAP1 were less activated by the triggering stimulus in primed plants. The effects on ZAT10 and BAP1 were more pronounced in 24 h cold-primed plants than in 14 day long cold-primed ones demonstrating independence of priming from induction and persistence of primary cold acclimation responses. Transcript and protein abundance analysis and studies in specific knock-out lines linked the priming-specific regulation of ZAT10 and BAP1 induction to the priming-induced long-term regulation of stromal and thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidase (sAPX and tAPX) expression. CONCLUSION The plastid antioxidant system, especially, plastid ascorbate peroxidase regulation, transmits information on a previous cold stress over time without the requirement of establishing cold-acclimation. We hypothesize that the plastid antioxidant system serves as a priming hub and that priming-dependent regulation of chloroplast-to-nucleus ROS signaling is a strategy to prepare plants under unstable environmental conditions against unpredictable stresses by supporting extra-plastidic stress protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn van Buer
- Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Plant Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jelena Cvetkovic
- Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Plant Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Margarete Baier
- Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Plant Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Murgia I, Giacometti S, Balestrazzi A, Paparella S, Pagliano C, Morandini P. Analysis of the transgenerational iron deficiency stress memory in Arabidopsis thaliana plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:745. [PMID: 26442058 PMCID: PMC4585125 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the existence of the transgenerational memory of iron (Fe) deficiency stress, in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants were grown under Fe deficiency/sufficiency, and so were their offspring. The frequency of somatic homologous recombination (SHR) events, of DNA strand breaks as well as the expression of the transcription elongation factor TFIIS-like gene increase when plants are grown under Fe deficiency. However, SHR frequency, DNA strand break events, and TFIIS-like gene expression do not increase further when plants are grown for more than one generation under the same stress, and furthermore, they decrease back to control values within two succeeding generations grown under control conditions, regardless of the Fe deficiency stress history of the mother plants. Seedlings produced from plants grown under Fe deficiency evolve more oxygen than control seedlings, when grown under Fe sufficiency: however, this trait is not associated with any change in the protein profile of the photosynthetic apparatus and is not transmitted to more than one generation. Lastly, plants grown for multiple generations under Fe deficiency produce seeds with greater longevity: however, this trait is not inherited in offspring generations unexposed to stress. These findings suggest the existence of multiple-step control of mechanisms to prevent a genuine and stable transgenerational transmission of Fe deficiency stress memory, with the tightest control on DNA integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Murgia
- Department of Biosciences, University of MilanoMilano, Italy
| | | | - Alma Balestrazzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani’, University of PaviaPavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Paparella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani’, University of PaviaPavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Pagliano
- Applied Science and Technology Department – BioSolar Lab, Polytechnic University of TurinAlessandria, Italy
| | - Piero Morandini
- Department of Biosciences, University of MilanoMilano, Italy
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Murgia I, Vigani G. Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana atfer4-1, atfh and atfer4-1/atfh mutants uncovers frataxin and ferritin contributions to leaf ionome homeostasis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 94:65-72. [PMID: 26042547 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ferritins are iron-storage proteins involved in the environmental and developmental control of the free iron pool within cells. Plant ferritins are targeted to mitochondria as well as to chloroplasts. AtFer4 is the Arabidopsis thaliana ferritin isoform that can be also targeted to mitochondria. Frataxin is a mitochondrial protein whose role is essential for plants; lack of AtFH frataxin causes early embryo-lethality in Arabidopsis. Because of that, the Arabidopsis atfh KO mutant is propagated in heterozygosis. For exploring the functional interaction between frataxin and ferritin, Arabidopsis double mutant atfer4-1/atfh was isolated and its physiological parameters were measured, as well as its ionome profile, together with those of both atfer4 and atfh single mutants, in different conditions of Fe supply. Impairment of both ferritin and frataxin did not lead to any effect on mitochondrial respiration. However, ionomics revealed that the content of macro- and microelements, occurring when the nutritional Fe supply changes, were altered in the mutants analysed. These results suggest that both ferritin and frataxin can contribute to the composition of the leaf ionome and also confirm ionomics as an excellent tool for detecting alterations in the plant's physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianpiero Vigani
- Dept. Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milano, Italy
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Three-Dimensional Reconstruction, by TEM Tomography, of the Ultrastructural Modifications Occurring in Cucumis sativus L. Mitochondria under Fe Deficiency. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129141. [PMID: 26107946 PMCID: PMC4479487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondria, as recently suggested, might be involved in iron sensing and signalling pathways in plant cells. For a better understanding of the role of these organelles in mediating the Fe deficiency responses in plant cells, it is crucial to provide a full overview of their modifications occurring under Fe-limited conditions. The aim of this work is to characterize the ultrastructural as well as the biochemical changes occurring in leaf mitochondria of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants grown under Fe deficiency. Methodology/Results Mitochondrial ultrastructure was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron tomography techniques, which allowed a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of cellular structures. These analyses reveal that mitochondria isolated from cucumber leaves appear in the cristae junction model conformation and that Fe deficiency strongly alters both the number and the volume of cristae. The ultrastructural changes observed in mitochondria isolated from Fe-deficient leaves reflect a metabolic status characterized by a respiratory chain operating at a lower rate (orthodox-like conformation) with respect to mitochondria from control leaves. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report showing a 3D reconstruction of plant mitochondria. Furthermore, these results suggest that a detailed characterization of the link between changes in the ultrastructure and functionality of mitochondria during different nutritional conditions, can provide a successful approach to understand the role of these organelles in the plant response to Fe deficiency.
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Shigeoka S, Maruta T. Cellular redox regulation, signaling, and stress response in plants. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 78:1457-70. [PMID: 25209493 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.942254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cellular and organellar redox states, which are characterized by the balance between oxidant and antioxidant pool sizes, play signaling roles in the regulation of gene expression and protein function in a wide variety of plant physiological processes including stress acclimation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ascorbic acid (AsA) are the most abundant oxidants and antioxidants, respectively, in plant cells; therefore, the metabolism of these redox compounds must be strictly and spatiotemporally controlled. In this review, we provided an overview of our previous studies as well as recent advances in (1) the molecular mechanisms and regulation of AsA biosynthesis, (2) the molecular and genetic properties of ascorbate peroxidases, and (3) stress acclimation via ROS-derived oxidative/redox signaling pathways, and discussed future perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Shigeoka
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Advanced Bioscience , Kinki University , Nara , Japan
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Detection and function of nitric oxide during the hypersensitive response in Arabidopsis thaliana: Where there’s a will there’s a way. Nitric Oxide 2014; 43:81-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Effect of biogenic polyamine spermine on the structure and function of photosystem I. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 141:76-83. [PMID: 25318020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We located the binding sites of spermine (Spm) to PSI sub-membrane proteins and the impact of this interaction on the photoprotection of PSI activity, using spectroscopic methods and molecular modeling. Our results showed that at high Spm content the polyamine binds PSI polypeptides through H-bonding and induces major protein conformational changes with the reduction of α-helix from 52% to 42% and an increase of the β-sheet from 26% to 29%. However, polyamine does not affect significantly the photooxidizable P700 in control sample and considerably protects it against strong illumination. On the contrary, protein conformational changes coincide with an important inhibition of O2 uptake rates by polyamine, which revealed that the protein of the PSI donor side plastocyanin is a main target for Spm inhibition. The photoprotection of PSI photochemical activity may be due to the stabilization of the PSI stromal polypeptides by Spm as shown by the docking results. Spm binds to different amino acids with hydrophilic and hydrophobic characters, while the presence of several H-bondings stabilizes Spm-PSI complexation.
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Kissoudis C, van de Wiel C, Visser RGF, van der Linden G. Enhancing crop resilience to combined abiotic and biotic stress through the dissection of physiological and molecular crosstalk. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:207. [PMID: 24904607 PMCID: PMC4032886 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants growing in their natural habitats are often challenged simultaneously by multiple stress factors, both abiotic and biotic. Research has so far been limited to responses to individual stresses, and understanding of adaptation to combinatorial stress is limited, but indicative of non-additive interactions. Omics data analysis and functional characterization of individual genes has revealed a convergence of signaling pathways for abiotic and biotic stress adaptation. Taking into account that most data originate from imposition of individual stress factors, this review summarizes these findings in a physiological context, following the pathogenesis timeline and highlighting potential differential interactions occurring between abiotic and biotic stress signaling across the different cellular compartments and at the whole plant level. Potential effects of abiotic stress on resistance components such as extracellular receptor proteins, R-genes and systemic acquired resistance will be elaborated, as well as crosstalk at the levels of hormone, reactive oxygen species, and redox signaling. Breeding targets and strategies are proposed focusing on either manipulation and deployment of individual common regulators such as transcription factors or pyramiding of non- (negatively) interacting components such as R-genes with abiotic stress resistance genes. We propose that dissection of broad spectrum stress tolerance conferred by priming chemicals may provide an insight on stress cross regulation and additional candidate genes for improving crop performance under combined stress. Validation of the proposed strategies in lab and field experiments is a first step toward the goal of achieving tolerance to combinatorial stress in crops.
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Caverzan A, Bonifacio A, Carvalho FEL, Andrade CMB, Passaia G, Schünemann M, Maraschin FDS, Martins MO, Teixeira FK, Rauber R, Margis R, Silveira JAG, Margis-Pinheiro M. The knockdown of chloroplastic ascorbate peroxidases reveals its regulatory role in the photosynthesis and protection under photo-oxidative stress in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 214:74-87. [PMID: 24268165 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The inactivation of the chloroplast ascorbate peroxidases (chlAPXs) has been thought to limit the efficiency of the water-water cycle and photo-oxidative protection under stress conditions. In this study, we have generated double knockdown rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants in both OsAPX7 (sAPX) and OsAPX8 (tAPX) genes, which encode chloroplastic APXs (chlAPXs). By employing an integrated approach involving gene expression, proteomics, biochemical and physiological analyses of photosynthesis, we have assessed the role of chlAPXs in the regulation of the protection of the photosystem II (PSII) activity and CO2 assimilation in rice plants exposed to high light (HL) and methyl violagen (MV). The chlAPX knockdown plants were affected more severely than the non-transformed (NT) plants in the activity and structure of PSII and CO2 assimilation in the presence of MV. Although MV induced significant increases in pigment content in the knockdown plants, the increases were apparently not sufficient for protection. Treatment with HL also caused generalized damage in PSII in both types of plants. The knockdown and NT plants exhibited differences in photosynthetic parameters related to efficiency of utilization of light and CO2. The knockdown plants overexpressed other antioxidant enzymes in response to the stresses and increased the GPX activity in the chloroplast-enriched fraction. Our data suggest that a partial deficiency of chlAPX expression modulate the PSII activity and integrity, reflecting the overall photosynthesis when rice plants are subjected to acute oxidative stress. However, under normal growth conditions, the knockdown plants exhibit normal phenotype, biochemical and physiological performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Caverzan
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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14
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Kong X, Zhang D, Pan J, Zhou Y, Li D. Hydrogen peroxide is involved in nitric oxide-induced cell death in maize leaves. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2013; 15:53-9. [PMID: 22512992 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00598.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in plant hypersensitive cell death. Here, we report that NO treatment led to rapid cell death and induced hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) accumulation in maize leaves. We also show that NO induced the expression of Zmrboh genes. Pharmacological study suggests that NO-induced cell death is in part mediated via H(2)O(2). In addition, semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed that NO induced expression of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) genes, ZmPR1 and ZmPR5.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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15
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Duan M, Feng HL, Wang LY, Li D, Meng QW. Overexpression of thylakoidal ascorbate peroxidase shows enhanced resistance to chilling stress in tomato. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:867-77. [PMID: 22475501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis provides a strong reducing power and a high risk for generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) particularly under chilling stress. Ascorbate peroxidases (APXs) reduce H(2)O(2) to water and play an important role in the antioxidant system of plants. Though thylakoid ascorbate peroxidase (tAPX) has been thought to be key regulator of intracellular levels of H(2)O(2), its physiological significance in the response to chilling stress is still under discussion. To study the contribution of tAPX to the ROS scavenging, a tomato thylakoidal ascorbate peroxidase gene (LetAPX) was isolated and transgenic tomatoes were obtained. The LetAPX-GFP fusion protein was targeted to chloroplast in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplast. RNA blotting analysis revealed that the LetAPX transcript expression was up-regulated by chilling, high light, exogenous salicylic acid (SA) and methyl viologen (MV). Over expression of LetAPX in tomatoes conferred tolerance to chilling stress by maintaining higher reduced glutathione (GSH) content, chlorophyll and APX activities compared with wild type (WT) plants. Furthermore, transgenic plants showed lower levels of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and ion leakage, lower malendialdehyde (MDA) content, higher net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and higher maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm). The oxidizable P700 decreased more obviously in WT than that in transgenic plants under chilling stress in low irradiance. The results suggested that over expression of tAPX played a key role both in alleviating photo inhibition of PSI and PSII and enhancing their tolerance to chilling stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Duan
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
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16
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De Pinto MC, Locato V, De Gara L. Redox regulation in plant programmed cell death. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:234-44. [PMID: 21711357 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02387.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a genetically controlled process described both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. Even if it is clear that PCD occurs in plants, in response to various developmental and environmental stimuli, the signalling pathways involved in the triggering of this cell suicide remain to be characterized. In this review, the main similarities and differences in the players involved in plant and animal PCD are outlined. Particular attention is paid to the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as key inducers of PCD in plants. The involvement of different kinds of ROS, different sites of ROS production, as well as their interaction with other molecules, is crucial in activating PCD in response to specific stimuli. Moreover, the importance is stressed on the balance between ROS production and scavenging, in various cell compartments, for the activation of specific steps in the signalling pathways triggering this cell suicide process. The review focuses on the complexity of the interplay between ROS and antioxidant molecules and enzymes in determining the most suitable redox environment required for the occurrence of different forms of PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C De Pinto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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17
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Laporte D, Olate E, Salinas P, Salazar M, Jordana X, Holuigue L. Glutaredoxin GRXS13 plays a key role in protection against photooxidative stress in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:503-15. [PMID: 21963612 PMCID: PMC3245481 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Glutaredoxins (GRXs) belong to the antioxidant and signalling network involved in the cellular response to oxidative stress in bacterial and eukaryotic cells. In spite of the high number of GRX genes in plant genomes, the biological functions and physiological roles of most of them remain unknown. Here the functional characterization of the Arabidopsis GRXS13 gene (At1g03850), that codes for two CC-type GRX isoforms, is reported. The transcript variant coding for the GRXS13.2 isoform is predominantly expressed under basal conditions and is the isoform that is induced by photooxidative stress. Transgenic lines where the GRXS13 gene has been knocked down show increased basal levels of superoxide radicals and reduced plant growth. These lines also display reduced tolerance to methyl viologen (MeV) and high light (HL) treatments, both conditions of photooxidative stress characterized by increased production of superoxide ions. Consistently, lines overexpressing the GRXS13.2 variant show reduced MeV- and HL-induced damage. Alterations in GRXS13 expression also affect superoxide levels and the ascorbate/dehydroascorbate ratio after HL-induced stress. These results indicate that GRXS13 gene expression is critical for limiting basal and photooxidative stress-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Together, these results place GRXS13.2 as a member of the ROS-scavenging/antioxidant network that shows a particularly low functional redundancy in the Arabidopsis GRX family.
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Abstract
The photoinhibition of Photosystem I (PSI) drew less attention compared with that of Photosystem II (PSII). This could be ascribed to several reasons, e.g. limited combinations of plant species and environmental conditions that cause PSI photoinhibition, the non-regulatory aspect of PSI photoinhibition, and methodological difficulty to determine the accurate activity of PSI under stress conditions. However, the photoinhibition of PSI could be more dangerous than that of PSII because of the very slow recovery rate of PSI. This article is intended to introduce such characteristics of PSI photoinhibition with special emphasis on the relationship between two photosystems as well as the protective mechanism of PSI in vivo. Although the photoinhibition of PSI could be induced only in specific conditions and specific plant species in intact leaves, PSI itself is quite susceptible to photoinhibition in isolated thylakoid membranes. PSI seems to be well protected from photoinhibition in vivo in many plant species and many environmental conditions. This is quite understandable because photoinhibition of PSI is not only irreversible but also the potential cause of many secondary damages. This point would be different from the case of PSII photoinhibition, which could be regarded as one of the regulatory mechanisms under stressed as well as non-stressed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kintake Sonoike
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.
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Ahmad P, Jaleel CA, Salem MA, Nabi G, Sharma S. Roles of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants in plants during abiotic stress. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2010; 30:161-75. [PMID: 20214435 DOI: 10.3109/07388550903524243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 491] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in plants as byproducts during many metabolic reactions, such as photosynthesis and respiration. Oxidative stress occurs when there is a serious imbalance between the production of ROS and antioxidant defense. Generation of ROS causes rapid cell damage by triggering a chain reaction. Cells have evolved an elaborate system of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants which help to scavenge these indigenously generated ROS. Various enzymes involved in ROS-scavenging have been manipulated, over expressed or downregulated to add to the present knowledge and understanding the role of the antioxidant systems. The present article reviews the manipulation of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants in plants to enhance the environmental stress tolerance and also throws light on ROS and redox signaling, calcium signaling, and ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaiz Ahmad
- Biochemistry laboratory, CRDT, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
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Singh DK, Maximova SN, Jensen PJ, Lehman BL, Ngugi HK, McNellis TW. FIBRILLIN4 is required for plastoglobule development and stress resistance in apple and Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 154:1281-93. [PMID: 20813909 PMCID: PMC2971606 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.164095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The fibrillins are a large family of chloroplast proteins that have been linked with stress tolerance and disease resistance. FIBRILLIN4 (FIB4) is found associated with the photosystem II light-harvesting complex, thylakoids, and plastoglobules, which are chloroplast compartments rich in lipophilic antioxidants. For this study, FIB4 expression was knocked down in apple (Malus 3 domestica) using RNA interference. Plastoglobule osmiophilicity was decreased in fib4 knockdown (fib4 KD) tree chloroplasts compared with the wild type, while total plastoglobule number was unchanged. Compared with the wild type, net photosynthetic CO(2) fixation in fib4 KD trees was decreased at high light intensity but was increased at low light intensity. Furthermore, fib4 KD trees produced more anthocyanins than the wild type when transferred from low to high light intensity, indicating greater sensitivity to high light stress. Relative to the wild type, fib4 KD apples were more sensitive to methyl viologen and had higher superoxide levels during methyl viologen treatment. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) fib4 mutants and fib4 KD apples were more susceptible than their wild-type counterparts to the bacterial pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato and Erwinia amylovora, respectively, and were more sensitive to ozone-induced tissue damage. Following ozone stress, plastoglobule osmiophilicity decreased in wild-type apple and remained low in fib4 KD trees; total plastoglobule number increased in fib4 KD apples but not in the wild type. These results indicate that FIB4 is required for plastoglobule development and resistance to multiple stresses. This study suggests that FIB4 is involved in regulating plastoglobule content and that defective regulation of plastoglobule content leads to broad stress sensitivity and altered photosynthetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Timothy W. McNellis
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology (D.K.S.), Department of Plant Pathology (D.K.S., P.J.J., H.K.N., T.W.M.), and Department of Horticulture (S.N.M.), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; The Pennsylvania State University Fruit Research and Extension Center, Biglerville, Pennsylvania 17307 (B.L.L., H.K.N.)
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21
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Wang P, Du Y, Li Y, Ren D, Song CP. Hydrogen peroxide-mediated activation of MAP kinase 6 modulates nitric oxide biosynthesis and signal transduction in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2010; 22:2981-98. [PMID: 20870959 PMCID: PMC2965546 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.072959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a bioactive molecule that functions in numerous physiological and developmental processes in plants, including lateral root development. In this study, we used biochemical and genetic approaches to analyze the function of Arabidopsis thaliana mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MPK6) in the regulation of NO synthesis in response to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) during lateral root development. In both mpk6 mutants studied, H₂O₂-induced NO synthesis and nitrate reductase (NR) activity were decreased dramatically. Furthermore, one NR isoform, NIA2, was required for the MPK6-mediated production of NO induced by H₂O₂. Notably, NIA2 interacted physically with MPK6 in vitro and in vivo and also served as a substrate of MPK6. Phosphorylation of NIA2 by MPK6 led to an increase in NR activity, and Ser-627 was identified as the putative phosphorylation site on NIA2. Phenotypical analysis revealed that mpk6-2 and mpk6-3 seedlings produce more and longer lateral roots than wild-type plants did after application of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside or H₂O₂. These data support strongly a function of MPK6 in modulating NO production and signal transduction in response to H₂O₂ during Arabidopsis root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yanyan Du
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongtao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
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22
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Evolution of structure and function of Class I peroxidases. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 500:45-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nakano R, Ishida H, Kobayashi M, Makino A, Mae T. Biochemical changes associated with in vivo RbcL fragmentation by reactive oxygen species under chilling-light conditions. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2010; 12:35-45. [PMID: 20653886 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2009.00209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
During physiological stress, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) degradation is accelerated, which is considered to be one of the key factors responsible for photosynthetic decline. A recent study has shown that the large subunit (RbcL) of Rubisco is directly fragmented by hydroxyl radicals in Cucumis sativus leaves under chilling-light conditions. In the present study, we investigated biochemical aspects associated with this in vivo RbcL fragmentation by reactive oxygen species. RbcL fragmentation was observed in C. sativus and Phaseolus vulgaris, but not in Solanum lycopersicum, Glycine max, Oryza sativa, Triticum aestivum, Spinacia oleracea or Arabidopsis thaliana. In C. sativus and P. vulgaris, RbcL fragmentation followed the fragmentation of PsaB, while in the other species, PsaB fragmentation did not occur. In C. sativus and P. vulgaris, the activities of antioxidant enzymes decreased dramatically under chilling-light conditions, and the proportion of uncarbamylated Rubisco increased. These data suggest that in vivo RbcL fragmentation under chilling-light conditions is associated with a combination of events, namely, inactivation of antioxidant enzymes, destruction of photosystem I and an increase of uncarbamylated Rubisco, which can produce hydroxyl radicals via the Fenton reaction at the catalytic site of RbcL.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nakano
- Department of Applied Plant Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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24
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Chapter 24 Antioxidants and Photo-oxidative Stress Responses in Plants and Algae. THE CHLOROPLAST 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-8531-3_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Despite recent elucidation of the three-dimensional structure of major photosynthetic complexes, our understanding of light energy conversion in plant chloroplasts and microalgae under physiological conditions requires exploring the dynamics of photosynthesis. The photosynthetic apparatus is a flexible molecular machine that can acclimate to metabolic and light fluctuations in a matter of seconds and minutes. On a longer time scale, changes in environmental cues trigger acclimation responses that elicit intracellular signaling between the nucleo-cytosol and chloroplast resulting in modification of the biogenesis of the photosynthetic machinery. Here we attempt to integrate well-established knowledge on the functional flexibility of light-harvesting and electron transfer processes, which has greatly benefited from genetic approaches, with data derived from the wealth of recent transcriptomic and proteomic studies of acclimation responses in photosynthetic eukaroytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Eberhard
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, F-75005 Paris, France
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26
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Pitzschke A, Djamei A, Bitton F, Hirt H. A major role of the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 pathway in ROS signalling. MOLECULAR PLANT 2009; 2:120-37. [PMID: 19529823 PMCID: PMC2639734 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssn079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, it has become evident that reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling plays an important role in various physiological responses, including pathogen defense and stomatal opening/closure. On the other hand, ROS overproduction is detrimental for proper plant growth and development, indicating that the regulation of an appropriate redox balance is essential for plants. ROS homeostasis in plants involves the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway consisting of the MAPK kinase kinase MEKK1 and the MAPK MPK4. Phenotypic and molecular analysis revealed that the MAPK kinases MKK1 and MKK2 are part of a cascade, regulating ROS and salicylic acid (SA) accumulation. Gene expression analysis shows that of 32 transcription factors reported to be highly responsive to multiple ROS-inducing conditions, 20 are regulated by the MEKK1, predominantly via the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 pathway. However, MEKK1 also functions on other as yet unknown pathways and part of the MEKK1-dependent MPK4 responses are regulated independently of MKK1 and MKK2. Overall, this analysis emphasizes the central role of this MAPK cascade in oxidative stress signalling, but also indicates the high level of complexity revealed by this signalling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pitzschke
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Djamei
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Present address: Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Frédérique Bitton
- URGV Plant Genomics Laboratory, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- URGV Plant Genomics Laboratory, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France
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Maurino VG, Flügge UI. Experimental systems to assess the effects of reactive oxygen species in plant tissues. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2008; 3:923-8. [PMID: 19513194 PMCID: PMC2633737 DOI: 10.4161/psb.7036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously produced in several organelles during aerobic metabolism. Furthermore, a wide range of environmental stresses such as chilling, salinity, drought and high light, lead to an elevated production of ROS. ROS can react with biomolecules and cause oxidative damage and even necrosis. Antioxidants and antioxidant-enzymes function to interrupt the cascades of uncontrolled oxidation. On the other hand, ROS influence the expression of genes playing a central role in many signaling pathways. Tools like the exogenous application of oxidative stress-causing agents and the in planta production of ROS in mutants altered in ROS metabolism are increasingly used to assess specific and common responses toward different types of ROS signals. The major challenge is the identification of ROS sensors and signaling components to finally elucidate the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress response in plants.
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Fahnenstich H, Scarpeci TE, Valle EM, Flügge UI, Maurino VG. Generation of hydrogen peroxide in chloroplasts of Arabidopsis overexpressing glycolate oxidase as an inducible system to study oxidative stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 148:719-29. [PMID: 18685041 PMCID: PMC2556821 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.126789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) overexpressing glycolate oxidase (GO) in chloroplasts accumulates both hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and glyoxylate. GO-overexpressing lines (GO plants) grown at 75 micromol quanta m(-2) s(-1) show retarded development, yellowish rosettes, and impaired photosynthetic performance, while at 30 micromol quanta m(-2) s(-1), this phenotype virtually disappears. The GO plants develop oxidative stress lesions under photorespiratory conditions but grow like wild-type plants under nonphotorespiratory conditions. GO plants coexpressing enzymes that further metabolize glyoxylate but still accumulate H(2)O(2) show all features of the GO phenotype, indicating that H(2)O(2) is responsible for the GO phenotype. The GO plants can complete their life cycle, showing that they are able to adapt to the stress conditions imposed by the accumulation of H(2)O(2) during the light period. Moreover, the data demonstrate that a response to oxidative stress is installed, with increased expression and/or activity of known oxidative stress-responsive components. Hence, the GO plants are an ideal noninvasive model system in which to study the effects of H(2)O(2) directly in the chloroplasts, because H(2)O(2) accumulation is inducible and sustained perturbations can reproducibly be provoked by exposing the plants to different ambient conditions.
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Murgia I, Vazzola V, Tarantino D, Cellier F, Ravet K, Briat JF, Soave C. Knock-out of ferritin AtFer1 causes earlier onset of age-dependent leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2007; 45:898-907. [PMID: 17980612 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ferritins are iron-storage proteins involved in the regulation of free iron levels in the cells. Arabidopsis thaliana AtFer1 ferritin, one of the best characterized plant ferritin isoforms to date, strongly accumulates upon treatment with excess iron, via a nitric oxide-mediated pathway. However other environmental factors, such as exposure to oxidative stress or to pathogen attack, as well as developmental factors regulate AtFer1 transcript levels. In particular, recent findings have highlighted an accumulation of the ferritin transcript during senescence. To investigate the physiological relevance of AtFer1 ferritin during senescence we isolated an Arabidopsis mutant knock-out in the AtFer1 gene, which we named atfer1-2. We analyzed it together with a second, independent AtFer1 KO mutant, the atfer1-1 mutant. Interestingly, both atfer1-1 and atfer1-2 mutants show symptoms of accelerated natural senescence; the precocious leaf yellowing is accompanied by accelerated decrease of maximal photochemical efficiency and chlorophyll degradation. However, no accelerated senescence upon dark treatment was observed in the atfer1 mutants with respect to their wt. These results suggest that AtFer1 ferritin isoform is functionally involved in events leading to the onset of age-dependent senescence in Arabidopsis and that its iron-detoxification function during senescence is required when reactive oxygen species accumulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Murgia
- Sezione di Fisiologia e Biochimica delle Piante, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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31
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Zhao J. Interplay among nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species: a complex network determining cell survival or death. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2007; 2:544-547. [PMID: 19704554 PMCID: PMC2634364 DOI: 10.4161/psb.2.6.4802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is an integrated cellular process occurring in plant growth, development, and defense responses to facilitate normal growth and development and better survival against various stresses as a whole. As universal toxic chemicals in plant and animal cells, reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS or RNS), mainly superoxide anion (O(2) (-*)), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) or nitric oxide ((*)NO), have been studied extensively for their roles in PCD induction. Physiological and genetic studies have convincingly shown their essential roles. However, the details and mechanisms by which ROS and (*)NO interplay and induce PCD are not well understood. Our recent study on Cupressus lusitanica culture cell death revealed the elicitor-induced co-accumulation of ROS and (*)NO and interactions between (*)NO and H(2)O(2) or O(2)-(*) in different ways to regulate cell death. (*)NO and H(2)O(2) reciprocally enhanced the production of each other whereas (*)NO and O(2) (-*) showed reciprocal suppression on each other's production. It was the interaction between (*)NO and O(2)-(*) but not between (*)NO and H(2)O(2) that induced PCD, probably through peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)). In this addendum, some unsolved issues in the study were discussed based on recent studies on the complex network of ROS and (*)NO leading to PCD in animals and plants.
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Giacomelli L, Masi A, Ripoll DR, Lee MJ, van Wijk KJ. Arabidopsis thaliana deficient in two chloroplast ascorbate peroxidases shows accelerated light-induced necrosis when levels of cellular ascorbate are low. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 65:627-44. [PMID: 17823777 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-007-9227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis chloroplasts have a multi-layered defense against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) that includes a stromal and thylakoid ascorbate peroxidase (sAPX and tAPX). Single and double null mutants in SAPX and TAPX (sapx and tapx) were each crossed with ascorbate deficient vtc2. The single, double and triple mutants did not show visual light stress phenotypes when grown at control or high light intensities (CL and HL; 120 and 1,000 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1)). Upon shift from CL to HL, mesophyll of expanded leaves of the triple mutant bleached within hours, with exclusion of the major vein areas; this contrasts to reported patterns of cell death under ozone treatment and calatase deficiency. tapx-vtc2 and sapx-vtc2, but not tapx-sapx or single mutants, showed limited bleaching. Bleaching and necrosis were accompanied by accumulation of H(2)O(2). Cellular concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, ascorbate and glutathione showed dramatic increase in response to HL in all eight genotypes and the four vtc2 genotypes accumulated more glutathione under CL than the others. Transcript analysis of other ROS responsive genes in vtc2 and the triple mutant showed up to 20-fold induction after transition to HL, generally irrespective of genotype. We conclude that chloroplast APX proteins in Arabidopsis can be effectively compensated by other endogenous H(2)O(2) detoxification systems, but that low cellular ascorbate levels in absence of chloroplast APX activity are detrimental to the cell during excess light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Giacomelli
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Emerson Hall 332, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Miller G, Suzuki N, Rizhsky L, Hegie A, Koussevitzky S, Mittler R. Double mutants deficient in cytosolic and thylakoid ascorbate peroxidase reveal a complex mode of interaction between reactive oxygen species, plant development, and response to abiotic stresses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 144:1777-85. [PMID: 17556505 PMCID: PMC1949877 DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.101436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key signaling role in plants and are controlled in cells by a complex network of ROS metabolizing enzymes found in several different cellular compartments. To study how different ROS signals, generated in different cellular compartments, are integrated in cells, we generated a double mutant lacking thylakoid ascorbate peroxidase (tylapx) and cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase1 (apx1). Our analysis suggests that two different signals are generated in plants lacking cytosolic APX1 or tylAPX. The lack of a chloroplastic hydrogen peroxide removal enzyme triggers a specific signal in cells that results in enhanced tolerance to heat stress, whereas the lack of a cytosolic hydrogen peroxide removal enzyme triggers a different signal, which results in stunted growth and enhanced sensitivity to oxidative stress. When the two signals are coactivated in cells (i.e. tylapx/apx1), a new response is detected, suggesting that the integration of the two different signals results in a new signal that manifests in late flowering, low protein oxidation during light stress, and enhanced accumulation of anthocyanins. Our results demonstrate a high degree of plasticity in ROS signaling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and suggest the existence of redundant pathways for ROS protection that compensate for the lack of classical ROS removal enzymes such as cytosolic and chloroplastic APXs. Further investigation of the enhanced heat tolerance in plants lacking tylAPX, using mutants deficient in chloroplast-to-nuclei retrograde signaling, suggests the existence of a chloroplast-generated stress signal that enhances basal thermotolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gad Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
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de Pinto MC, Paradiso A, Leonetti P, De Gara L. Hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase at the crossroad between defence and cell death. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 48:784-95. [PMID: 17092315 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02919.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
An increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a typical event occurring during different stress conditions and activating conflicting responses in plants. In order to investigate the relevance of different timing and amounts of ROS production, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright Yellow-2 (TBY-2) cells were incubated with different amounts of glucose plus glucose oxidase, for generating H(2)O(2) during time, or directly with known amounts of H(2)O(2). Data presented here indicate that, in TBY-2 cells, a difference in H(2)O(2) level is a critical point for shifting metabolic responses towards strengthening of antioxidant defences, or their depletion with consequent cell death. Timing of ROS production is also critical because it can determine programmed cell death (PCD) or necrosis. Depending on the different kinds of activated cell death, ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione (GSH) pools are altered differently. Moreover, an H(2)O(2)-dependent activation of nitric oxide synthesis is triggered only in the conditions inducing PCD. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) has been analysed under different conditions of H(2)O(2) generation. Under a threshold value of H(2)O(2) overproduction, a transient increase in APX occurs, whereas under conditions inducing cell necrosis, the activity of APX decreases in proportion to cell death without any evident alteration in APX gene expression. Under conditions triggering PCD, the suppression of APX involves both gene expression and alteration of the kinetic characteristics of the enzyme. The changes in ASC, GSH and APX are involved in the signalling pathway leading to PCD, probably contributing to guaranteeing the cellular redox conditions required for successful PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Concetta de Pinto
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
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Kotchoni SO, Gachomo EW. The reactive oxygen species network pathways:an essential prerequisite for perception of pathogen attack and the acquired disease resistance in plants. J Biosci 2006; 31:389-404. [PMID: 17006022 DOI: 10.1007/bf02704112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Availability of complete Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa) genome sequences, together with molecular recourses of functional genomics and proteomics have revolutionized our understanding of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling network mediating disease resistance in plants. So far, ROS have been associated with aging, cellular and molecular alteration in animal and plant cells. Recently,concluding evidences suggest that ROS network is essential to induce disease resistance and even to mediate resistance to multiple stresses in plants. ROS are obligatory by-products emerging as a result of normal metabolic reactions. They have the potential to be both beneficial and harmful to cellular metabolism. Their dual effects on metabolic reactions are dosage specific. In this review we focus our attention on cellular ROS level to trigger beneficial effects on plant cells responding to pathogen attack. By exploring the research related contributions coupled with data of targeted gene disruption, and RNA interference approaches, we show here that ROS are ubiquitous molecules of redox-pathways that play a crucial role in plant defence mechanism. The molecular prerequisites of ROS network to activate plant defence system in response to pathogen infections are here underlined. Bioinformatic tools are now available to scientists for high throughput analysis of cellular metabolisms. These tools are used to illustrate crucial ROS-related genes that are involved in the defence mechanism of plants. The review describes also the emerging findings of ROS network pathways to modulate multiple stress resistance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon O Kotchoni
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Botany, Kirschallee 1, University of Bonn, D-53115, Germany.
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Pitzschke A, Hirt H. Mitogen-activated protein kinases and reactive oxygen species signaling in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 141:351-6. [PMID: 16760487 PMCID: PMC1475449 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.079160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pitzschke
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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Asada K. Production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species in chloroplasts and their functions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 141:391-6. [PMID: 16760493 PMCID: PMC1475469 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.082040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1284] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kozi Asada
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan.
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Zaninotto F, La Camera S, Polverari A, Delledonne M. Cross talk between reactive nitrogen and oxygen species during the hypersensitive disease resistance response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 141:379-83. [PMID: 16760491 PMCID: PMC1475437 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.078857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Zaninotto
- Dipartimento Scientifico e Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Grün S, Lindermayr C, Sell S, Durner J. Nitric oxide and gene regulation in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2006; 57:507-16. [PMID: 16396997 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erj053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that nitric oxide (NO), which was first identified as a unique diffusible molecular messenger in animals, plays an important role in diverse physiological processes in plants. Recent progress that has deepened our understanding of NO signalling functions in plants, with special emphasis on defence signalling, is discussed here. Several studies, based on plants with altered NO-levels, have recently provided genetic evidence for the importance of NO in gene induction. For a general overview of which gene expression levels are altered by NO, two studies, involving large-scale transcriptional analyses of Arabidopsis thaliana using custom-made or commercial DNA-microarrays, were performed. Furthermore, a comprehensive transcript profiling by cDNA-amplification fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) revealed a number of Arabidopsis thaliana genes that are involved in signal transduction, disease resistance and stress response, photosynthesis, cellular transport, and basic metabolism. In addition, NO affects the expression of numerous genes in other plant species such as tobacco or soybean. The NO-dependent intracellular signalling pathway(s) that lead to the activation or suppression of these genes have not yet been defined. Several lines of evidence point to an interrelationship between NO and salicylic acid (SA) in plant defence. Recent evidence suggests that NO also plays a role in the wounding/jasmonic acid (JA) signalling pathway. NO donors affect both wounding-induced H2O2 synthesis and wounding- or JA-induced expression of defence genes. One of the major challenges ahead is to determine how the correct specific response is evoked, despite shared use of the NO signal and, in some cases, its downstream second messengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Grün
- Institute for Biochemical Plant Pathology, GSF-Research Center for Environment and Health, Munich, Germany
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