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Krysiak M, Węgrzyn A, Kowalewska Ł, Kulik A, Ostaszewska-Bugajska M, Mazur J, Garstka M, Mazur R. Light-independent pathway of STN7 kinase activation under low temperature stress in runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:513. [PMID: 38849759 PMCID: PMC11157908 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phosphorylation of the Light-Harvesting Complex of photosystem II (LHCII) driven by STATE TRANSITION 7 (STN7) kinase is a part of one of the crucial regulatory mechanisms of photosynthetic light reactions operating in fluctuating environmental conditions, light in particular. There are evidenced that STN7 can also be activated without light as well as in dark-chilling conditions. However, the biochemical mechanism standing behind this complex metabolic pathway has not been deciphered yet. RESULTS In this work, we showed that dark-chilling induces light-independent LHCII phosphorylation in runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.). In dark-chilling conditions, we registered an increased reduction of the PQ pool which led to activation of STN7 kinase, subsequent LHCII phosphorylation, and possible LHCII relocation inside the thylakoid membrane. We also presented the formation of a complex composed of phosphorylated LHCII and photosystem I typically formed upon light-induced phosphorylation. Moreover, we indicated that the observed steps were preceded by the activation of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) enzymes and starch accumulation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a direct connection between photosynthetic complexes reorganization and dark-chilling-induced activation of the thioredoxin system. The proposed possible pathway starts from the activation of OPPP enzymes and further NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC) activation. In the next steps, NTRC simultaneously activates ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and thylakoid membrane-located NAD(P)H dehydrogenase-like complex. These results in starch synthesis and electron transfer to the plastoquinone (PQ) pool, respectively. Reduced PQ pool activates STN7 kinase which phosphorylates LHCII. In this work, we present a new perspective on the mechanisms involving photosynthetic complexes while efficiently operating in the darkness. Although we describe the studied pathway in detail, taking into account also the time course of the following steps, the biological significance of this phenomenon remains puzzling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Krysiak
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, 02-096, Poland
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Anna Węgrzyn
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, 02-096, Poland
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, 02-096, Poland
| | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, 02-096, Poland
| | - Anna Kulik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland
| | - Monika Ostaszewska-Bugajska
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, 02-096, Poland
| | - Jan Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, 02-096, Poland
| | - Maciej Garstka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, 02-096, Poland
| | - Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, 02-096, Poland.
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Takeuchi K, Che Y, Nakano T, Miyake C, Ifuku K. The ability of P700 oxidation in photosystem I reflects chilling stress tolerance in cucumber. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2022; 135:681-692. [PMID: 35767130 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01404-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature inhibits photosynthesis and negatively affects plant growth. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a chilling-sensitive plant, and its greenhouse production requires considerable energy during the winter. Therefore, a useful stress marker for selecting chilling-tolerant cucumber cultivars is desirable. In this study, we evaluated chilling-stress damage in different cucumber cultivars by measuring photosynthetic parameters. The majority of cultivars showed decreases in the quantum yield of photosystem (PS) II [Fv/Fm and Y(II)] and the quantity of active PS I (Pm) after chilling stress. In contrast, Y(ND)-the ratio of the oxidized state of PSI reaction center chlorophyll P700 (P700+)-differed among cultivars and was perfectly inversely correlated with Y(NA)-the ratio of the non-photooxidizable P700. It has been known that P700+ accumulates under stress conditions and protects plants to suppress the generation of reactive oxygen species. In fact, cultivars unable to induce Y(ND) after chilling stress showed growth retardation with reductions in chlorophyll content and leaf area. Therefore, Y(ND) can be a useful marker to evaluate chilling-stress tolerance in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yufen Che
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ifuku
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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STN7 Kinase Is Essential for Arabidopsis thaliana Fitness under Prolonged Darkness but Not under Dark-Chilling Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094531. [PMID: 35562922 PMCID: PMC9100030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation of photosystem II light harvesting complexes (LHCII) is a well-established protective mechanism enabling efficient response to changing light conditions. However, changes in LHCII phosphorylation were also observed in response to abiotic stress regardless of photoperiod. This study aimed to investigate the impact of dark-chilling on LHCII phosphorylation pattern in chilling-tolerant Arabidopsis thaliana and to check whether the disturbed LHCII phosphorylation process will impact the response of Arabidopsis to the dark-chilling conditions. We analyzed the pattern of LHCII phosphorylation, the organization of chlorophyll–protein complexes, and the level of chilling tolerance by combining biochemical and spectroscopy techniques under dark-chilling and dark conditions in Arabidopsis mutants with disrupted LHCII phosphorylation. Our results show that during dark-chilling, LHCII phosphorylation decreased in all examined plant lines and that no significant differences in dark-chilling response were registered in tested lines. Interestingly, after 24 h of darkness, a high increase in LHCII phosphorylation was observed, co-occurring with a significant FV/FM parameter decrease. The highest drop of FV/FM was detected in the stn7-1 line–mutant, where the LHCII is not phosphorylated, due to the lack of STN7 kinase. Our results imply that STN7 kinase activity is important for mitigating the adverse effects of prolonged darkness.
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Wójtowicz J, Grzyb J, Szach J, Mazur R, Gieczewska KB. Bean and Pea Plastoglobules Change in Response to Chilling Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11895. [PMID: 34769326 PMCID: PMC8584975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastoglobules (PGs) might be characterised as microdomains of the thylakoid membrane that serve as a platform to recruit proteins and metabolites in their spatial proximity in order to facilitate metabolic channelling or signal transduction. This study provides new insight into changes in PGs isolated from two plant species with different responses to chilling stress, namely chilling-tolerant pea (Pisum sativum) and chilling-sensitive bean (Phaseolus coccineus). Using multiple analytical methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography and visualisation techniques including transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, we determined changes in PGs' biochemical and biophysical characteristics as a function of chilling stress. Some of the observed alterations occurred in both studied plant species, such as increased particle size and plastoquinone-9 content, while others were more typical of a particular type of response to chilling stress. Additionally, PGs of first green leaves were examined to highlight differences at this stage of development. Observed changes appear to be a dynamic response to the demands of photosynthetic membranes under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wójtowicz
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, PL-02096 Warsaw, Poland; (J.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Joanna Grzyb
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie Street 14a, PL-50383 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Joanna Szach
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, PL-02096 Warsaw, Poland; (J.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, PL-02096 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna B. Gieczewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, PL-02096 Warsaw, Poland; (J.W.); (J.S.)
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The Arabidopsis Accessions Selection Is Crucial: Insight from Photosynthetic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189866. [PMID: 34576029 PMCID: PMC8465966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural genetic variation in photosynthesis is strictly associated with the remarkable adaptive plasticity observed amongst Arabidopsis thaliana accessions derived from environmentally distinct regions. Exploration of the characteristic features of the photosynthetic machinery could reveal the regulatory mechanisms underlying those traits. In this study, we performed a detailed characterisation and comparison of photosynthesis performance and spectral properties of the photosynthetic apparatus in the following selected Arabidopsis thaliana accessions commonly used in laboratories as background lines: Col-0, Col-1, Col-2, Col-8, Ler-0, and Ws-2. The main focus was to distinguish the characteristic disparities for every accession in photosynthetic efficiency that could be accountable for their remarkable plasticity to adapt. The biophysical and biochemical analysis of the thylakoid membranes in control conditions revealed differences in lipid-to-protein contribution, Chlorophyll-to-Carotenoid ratio (Chl/Car), and xanthophyll cycle pigment distribution among accessions. We presented that such changes led to disparities in the arrangement of the Chlorophyll-Protein complexes, the PSI/PSII ratio, and the lateral mobility of the thylakoid membrane, with the most significant aberrations detected in the Ler-0 and Ws-2 accessions. We concluded that selecting an accession suitable for specific research on the photosynthetic process is essential for optimising the experiment.
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Affandi FY, Verschoor JA, Paillart MJM, Verdonk JC, Woltering EJ, Schouten RE. Low Oxygen Storage Improves Tomato Postharvest Cold Tolerance, Especially for Tomatoes Cultivated with Far-Red LED Light. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081699. [PMID: 34441475 PMCID: PMC8391604 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of low oxygen storage on chilling injury development, colour development, respiration and H2O2 levels of ‘Merlice’ tomatoes cultivated with and without far red (FR) LED lighting during 20 days of shelf-life. Mature green (MG) and red (R) tomatoes were stored at 2 °C in combination with 0.5, 2.5, 5 and 21 kPa O2 for 15 days (experiment 1). MG tomatoes cultivated under either white LED or white LED light with FR LED light were stored at 2 °C in combination with 1, 5 and 21 O2 kPa for 14 days (experiment 2). Chilled MG and R tomatoes from experiment 1 showed decay, firmness loss and higher weight loss during shelf-life which were reduced under low oxygen conditions. FR during cultivation improved chilling tolerance of MG tomatoes. Fastest colour development and lowest respiration rate during shelf-life were observed for MG fruit cultivated with FR lighting prior to storage at 1 kPa O2/0 kPa CO2. H2O2 levels during the shelf-life were not affected during cold storage. The improved cold tolerance of MG tomatoes cultivated with FR lighting is likely due to lower oxygen uptake that led to both higher lycopene synthesis and less softening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahrizal Yusuf Affandi
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (J.C.V.); (E.J.W.); (R.E.S.)
- Bioresource Technology and Veterinary Department, Vocational College, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Jan A. Verschoor
- Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (J.A.V.); (M.J.M.P.)
| | - Maxence J. M. Paillart
- Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (J.A.V.); (M.J.M.P.)
| | - Julian C. Verdonk
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (J.C.V.); (E.J.W.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Ernst J. Woltering
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (J.C.V.); (E.J.W.); (R.E.S.)
- Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (J.A.V.); (M.J.M.P.)
| | - Rob E. Schouten
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (J.C.V.); (E.J.W.); (R.E.S.)
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7
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Bykowski M, Mazur R, Wójtowicz J, Suski S, Garstka M, Mostowska A, Kowalewska Ł. Too rigid to fold: Carotenoid-dependent decrease in thylakoid fluidity hampers the formation of chloroplast grana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:210-227. [PMID: 33631810 PMCID: PMC8133577 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In chloroplasts of land plants, the thylakoid network is organized into appressed regions called grana stacks and loosely arranged parallel stroma thylakoids. Many factors determining such intricate structural arrangements have been identified so far, including various thylakoid-embedded proteins, and polar lipids that build the thylakoid matrix. Although carotenoids are important components of proteins and the lipid phase of chloroplast membranes, their role in determining the thylakoid network structure remains elusive. We studied 2D and 3D thylakoid network organization in carotenoid-deficient mutants (ccr1-1, lut5-1, szl1-1, and szl1-1npq1-2) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to reveal the structural role of carotenoids in the formation and dynamics of the internal chloroplast membrane system. The most significant structural aberrations took place in chloroplasts of the szl1-1 and szl1-1npq1-2 plants. Increased lutein/carotene ratio in these mutants impaired the formation of grana, resulting in a significant decrease in the number of thylakoids used to build a particular stack. Further, combined biochemical and biophysical analyses revealed that hampered grana folding was related to decreased thylakoid membrane fluidity and significant changes in the amount, organization, and phosphorylation status of photosystem (PS) II (PSII) supercomplexes in the szl1-1 and szl1-1npq1-2 plants. Such changes resulted from a synergistic effect of lutein overaccumulation in the lipid matrix and a decreased level of carotenes bound with PS core complexes. Moreover, more rigid membrane in the lutein overaccumulating plants led to binding of Rubisco to the thylakoid surface, additionally providing steric hindrance for the dynamic changes in the level of membrane folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Bykowski
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-096, Poland
| | - Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-096, Poland
| | - Joanna Wójtowicz
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-096, Poland
| | - Szymon Suski
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Maciej Garstka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-096, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mostowska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-096, Poland
| | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-096, Poland
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Shin YK, Bhandari SR, Lee JG. Monitoring of Salinity, Temperature, and Drought Stress in Grafted Watermelon Seedlings Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:786309. [PMID: 35003172 PMCID: PMC8727525 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.786309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) is used to measure the physiological status of plants affected by biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, we aimed to identify the changes in CF parameters in grafted watermelon seedlings exposed to salt, drought, and high and low temperatures. Grafted watermelon seedlings at the true three-leaf stage were subjected to salinity levels (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM) and temperature [low (8°C), moderate (24°C), and high (40°C)] stresses for 12 days under controlled environmental conditions independently. Eight CF parameters were measured at 2-day intervals using the FluorCam machine quenching protocol of the FluorCam machine. The seedlings were also exposed to drought stress for 3 days independent of salinity and temperature stress; CF parameters were measured at 1-day intervals. In addition, growth parameters, proline, and chlorophyll content were evaluated in all three experiments. The CF parameters were differentially influenced depending on the type and extent of the stress conditions. The results showed a notable effect of salinity levels on CF parameters, predominantly in maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), the ratio of the fluorescence decrease (Rfd), and quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation in PSII [Y(NO)]. High temperature had significant effects on Rfd and NPQ, whereas low temperature showed significant results in most CF parameters: Fv/Fm, Y(NO), NPQ, Rfd, the efficiency of excitation capture of open photosystem II (PSII) center (Fv'/Fm'), and effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in PSII [Y(PSII)]. Only NPQ and Rfd were significantly influenced by severe drought stress. Approximately, all the growth parameters were significantly influenced by the stress level. Proline content increased with an increase in stress levels in all three experiments, whereas the chlorophyll (a and b) content either decreased or increased depending upon the stressor. The results provided here may be useful for understanding the effect of abiotic stresses on CF parameters and the selection of index CF parameters to detect abiotic stresses in grafted watermelon seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kyeong Shin
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Shiva Ram Bhandari
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Core Research Institute of Intelligent Robots, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Shiva Ram Bhandari,
| | - Jun Gu Lee
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Core Research Institute of Intelligent Robots, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jun Gu Lee,
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Abd Elbar OH, Elkelish A, Niedbała G, Farag R, Wojciechowski T, Mukherjee S, Abou-Hadid AF, El-Hennawy HM, Abou El-Yazied A, Abd El-Gawad HG, Azab E, Gobouri AA, El Nahhas N, El-Sawy AM, Bondok A, Ibrahim MFM. Protective Effect of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Against Chilling Stress During Reproductive Stage in Tomato Plants Through Modulation of Sugar Metabolism, Chloroplast Integrity, and Antioxidative Defense Systems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:663750. [PMID: 34733294 PMCID: PMC8559610 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.663750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in plant tolerance to chilling stress having been widely discussed in the seedling stage, very little information is clear regarding its implication in chilling tolerance during the reproductive stage of the plant. Here, we investigated the influence of GABA (1 and 2mM) as a foliar application on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Super Marmande) subjected to chilling stress (5°C for 6h/day) for 5 successive days during the flowering stage. The results indicated that applied GABA differentially influenced leaf pigment composition by decreasing the chlorophyll a/b ratio and increasing the anthocyanin relative to total chlorophyll. However, carotenoids were not affected in both GABA-treated and non-treated stressed plants. Root tissues significantly exhibited an increase in thermo-tolerance in GABA-treated plants. Furthermore, applied GABA substantially alleviated the chilling-induced oxidative damage by protecting cell membrane integrity and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2. This positive effect of GABA was associated with enhancing the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Conversely, a downregulation of peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was observed under chilling stress which indicates its relevance in phenol metabolism. Interesting correlations were obtained between GABA-induced upregulation of sugar metabolism coinciding with altering secondary metabolism, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and maintaining the integrity of plastids' ultrastructure Eventually, applied GABA especially at 2mM improved the fruit yield and could be recommended to mitigate the damage of chilling stress in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola H. Abd Elbar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Elkelish
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Gniewko Niedbała
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Reham Farag
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tomasz Wojciechowski
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Ayman F. Abou-Hadid
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hussien M. El-Hennawy
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abou El-Yazied
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hany G. Abd El-Gawad
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ehab Azab
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adil A. Gobouri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nihal El Nahhas
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. El-Sawy
- Department of Climate Modification, Central Laboratory for Agriculture Climate, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Bondok
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim,
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10
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Abstract
The paper focuses on the selected plant lipid issues. Classification, nomenclature, and abundance of fatty acids was discussed. Then, classification, composition, role, and organization of lipids were displayed. The involvement of lipids in xantophyll cycle and glycerolipids synthesis (as the most abundant of all lipid classes) were also discussed. Moreover, in order to better understand the biomembranes remodeling, the model (artificial) membranes, mimicking the naturally occurring membranes are employed and the survey on their composition and application in different kind of research was performed. High level of lipids remodeling in the plant membranes under different environmental conditions, e.g., nutrient deficiency, temperature stress, salinity or drought was proved. The key advantage of lipid research was the conclusion that lipids could serve as the markers of plant physiological condition and the detailed knowledge on lipids chemistry will allow to modify their composition for industrial needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Reszczyńska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Hanaka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
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11
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Podgórska A, Mazur R, Ostaszewska-Bugajska M, Kryzheuskaya K, Dziewit K, Borysiuk K, Wdowiak A, Burian M, Rasmusson AG, Szal B. Efficient Photosynthetic Functioning of Arabidopsis thaliana Through Electron Dissipation in Chloroplasts and Electron Export to Mitochondria Under Ammonium Nutrition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:103. [PMID: 32174931 PMCID: PMC7054346 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An improvement in photosynthetic rate promotes the growth of crop plants. The sink-regulation of photosynthesis is crucial in optimizing nitrogen fixation and integrating it with carbon balance. Studies on these processes are essential in understanding growth inhibition in plants with ammonium ( NH 4 + ) syndrome. Hence, we sought to investigate the effects of using nitrogen sources with different states of reduction (during assimilation of NO 3 - versus NH 4 + ) on the photosynthetic performance of Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results demonstrated that photosynthetic functioning during long-term NH 4 + nutrition was not disturbed and that no indication of photoinhibition of PSII was detected, revealing the robustness of the photosynthetic apparatus during stressful conditions. Based on our findings, we propose multiple strategies to sustain photosynthetic activity during limited reductant utilization for NH 4 + assimilation. One mechanism to prevent chloroplast electron transport chain overreduction during NH 4 + nutrition is for cyclic electron flow together with plastid terminal oxidase activity. Moreover, redox state in chloroplasts was optimized by a dedicated type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenase. In order to reduce the amount of energy that reaches the photosynthetic reaction centers and to facilitate photosynthetic protection during NH 4 + nutrition, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and ample xanthophyll cycle pigments efficiently dissipate excess excitation. Additionally, high redox load may be dissipated in other metabolic reactions outside of chloroplasts due to the direct export of nucleotides through the malate/oxaloacetate valve. Mitochondrial alternative pathways can downstream support the overreduction of chloroplasts. This mechanism correlated with the improved growth of A. thaliana with the overexpression of the alternative oxidase 1a (AOX1a) during NH 4 + nutrition. Most remarkably, our findings demonstrated the capacity of chloroplasts to tolerate NH 4 + syndrome instead of providing redox poise to the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Podgórska
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Radosław Mazur
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Ostaszewska-Bugajska
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katsiaryna Kryzheuskaya
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kacper Dziewit
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Borysiuk
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Wdowiak
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Burian
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Bożena Szal
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Mazur R, Gieczewska K, Kowalewska Ł, Kuta A, Proboszcz M, Gruszecki WI, Mostowska A, Garstka M. Specific Composition of Lipid Phases Allows Retaining an Optimal Thylakoid Membrane Fluidity in Plant Response to Low-Temperature Treatment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:723. [PMID: 32582253 PMCID: PMC7291772 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Thylakoid membranes isolated from leaves of two plant species, the chilling tolerant (CT) pea and chilling sensitive (CS) runner bean, were assessed for the composition of lipids, carotenoids as well as for the arrangement of photosynthetic complexes. The response to stress conditions was investigated in dark-chilled and subsequently photo-activated detached leaves of pea and bean. Thylakoids of both species have a similar level of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), but different sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol to phosphatidylglycerol (PG) ratio. In pea thylakoid fraction, the MGDG, DGDG and PG, have a higher double bond index (DBI), whereas bean thylakoids contain higher levels of high melting point PG. Furthermore, the lutein to the β-carotene ratio is higher in bean thylakoids. Smaller protein/lipid ratio in pea than in bean thylakoids suggests different lipid-protein interactions in both species. The differences between species are also reflected by the course of temperature-dependent plots of chlorophyll fluorescence pointing various temperatures of the lipid phase transitions of pea and bean thylakoids. Our results showed higher fluidity of the thylakoid membrane network in pea than in bean in optimal temperature conditions. Dark-chilling decreases the photochemical activity and induces significant degradation of MGDG in bean but not in pea leaves. Similarly, substantial changes in the arrangement of photosynthetic complexes with increase in LHCII phosphorylation and disturbances of the thylakoid structure take place in bean thylakoids only. Changes in the physical properties of bean thylakoids are manifested by the conversion of a three-phase temperature-dependent plot to a one-phase plot. Subsequent photo-activation of chilled bean leaves caused a partial restoration of the photochemistry and of membrane physical properties, but not of the photosynthetic complexes arrangement nor the thylakoid network structure. Summarizing, the composition of the thylakoid lipid matrix of CT pea allows retaining the optimal fluidity of its chloroplast membranes under low temperatures. In contrast, the fluidity of CS bean thylakoids is drastically changed, leading to the reorganization of the supramolecular structure of the photosynthetic complexes and finally results in structural remodeling of the CS bean thylakoid network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Radosław Mazur,
| | - Katarzyna Gieczewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kuta
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Proboszcz
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wieslaw I. Gruszecki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mostowska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Garstka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Maciej Garstka,
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Shi Y, Cai Z, Li D, Lu J, Ye J, Liang Y, Zheng X. Effect of Freezing on Photosystem II and Assessment of Freezing Tolerance of Tea Cultivar. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100434. [PMID: 31652528 PMCID: PMC6843692 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Freezing tolerant tea cultivars are urgently needed. The tea cultivars with highly freezing tolerance showed resistance to freezing stress induced photoinhibition. Freezing sensitivity index (H) of 47 tea clonal cultivars was investigated after severe freezing winter in 2016. To develop instrumental methods for freezing tolerance selection, the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm) and leaf color indicator a on the Hunter color scale were determined on control group (non-frozen) and frozen group (being frozen at −15 °C for 2 h and then stood at 20 °C for 5 h) of the cultivars. When the two indicators were expressed as the ratios (RFv/Fm and Ra) of frozen group to control group, linear regression of the freezing sensitivity index (H) upon the RFv/Fm and Ra produced significant relationship respectively, i.e., H = 60.31 − 50.09 RFv/Fm (p < 0.01) and H = 30.03 − 10.82 Ra (p < 0.01). Expression of gene psbA encoding D1 protein and gene psbD encoding D2 protein in PSII showed that the frezzing tolerant tea cultivars maintained a high expression level of psbA after freezing stress, which is considered to be beneficial to de novo synthesis of D1 protein and sustaining PSII activity. These findings can provide instrumental tools for assessing freezing tolerance of tea cultivars in tea breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Shi
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zhuoyu Cai
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Da Li
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jianliang Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jianhui Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yuerong Liang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xinqiang Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Mazur R, Mostowska A, Szach J, Gieczewska K, Wójtowicz J, Bednarska K, Garstka M, Kowalewska Ł. Galactolipid deficiency disturbs spatial arrangement of the thylakoid network in Arabidopsis thaliana plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4689-4704. [PMID: 31087066 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast thylakoid network is a dynamic structure which, through possible rearrangements, plays a crucial role in regulation of photosynthesis. Although the importance of the main components of the thylakoid membrane matrix, galactolipids, in the formation of the network of internal plastid membrane was found before, the structural role of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosylidacylglycerol (DGDG) is still largely unknown. We elucidated detailed structural modifications of the thylakoid membrane system in Arabidopsis thaliana MGDG- and DGDG-deficient mutants. An altered MGDG/DGDG ratio was structurally reflected by formation of smaller grana, local changes in grana stacking repeat distance, and significant changes in the spatial organization of the thylakoid network compared with wild-type plants. The decrease of the MGDG level impaired the formation of the typical helical grana structure and resulted in a 'helical-dichotomic' arrangement. DGDG deficiency did not affect spatial grana organization but changed the shape of the thylakoid membrane network in situ from lens like into a flattened shape. Such structural disturbances were accompanied by altered composition of carotenoid and chlorophyll-protein complexes, which eventually led to the decreased photosynthetic efficiency of MGDG- and DGDG-deficient plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mostowska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Szach
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gieczewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Wójtowicz
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bednarska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Garstka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Jumrani K, Bhatia VS. Interactive effect of temperature and water stress on physiological and biochemical processes in soybean. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:667-681. [PMID: 31168231 PMCID: PMC6522612 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00657-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Drought and heat stress are important abiotic stress restricting plant growth, while the two stresses often occur at the same time in nature and little is known about when these stresses occur in combination. Therefore, attempts were made to understand the impact of water stress imposed under different temperature conditions on photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll, proline, free amino acid, epicuticular wax content and seed yield. Soybean genotype EC 538828 was grown under greenhouse conditions at day/night temperatures of 30/22, 34/24, 38/26 and 42/28 °C. At each temperature, pots were divided into two sets, one set was unstressed while second was subjected to water stress at reproductive stage (beginning of seed fill). High temperature significantly declined the rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, Fv/Fm ratio, photochemical quenching, PhiPSII, electron transport rate, ascorbic acid, total free amino acids, chlorophyll content and seed yield. As against this with increase in temperature from 30/22 to 42/28 °C intercellular CO2, transpiration rate, vapor pressure deficit, non photochemical quenching, proline content, SOD, POD, APX, GR, MDA and epicuticular wax content were increased. Water stress when imposed at different temperature further aggravated the effects of temperature, and the combination of water stress and high temperature had more detrimental effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Jumrani
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore, India
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16
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Piotrowska P, Łazicka M, Palińska-Saadi A, Paterczyk B, Kowalewska Ł, Grzyb J, Maj-Żurawska M, Garstka M. Electrochemical characterization of LHCII on graphite electrodes - Potential-dependent photoactivation and arrangement of complexes. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 127:37-48. [PMID: 30690422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Light-dependent electrochemical properties of the light harvesting complexes of Photosystem II (LHCII) and the corresponding interactions with screen-printed graphite electrodes (GEs) are determined. No exogenous soluble redox mediators are used. LHCII isolated from spinach leaves are immobilized on GE by physical adsorption and through interactions with glutaraldehyde. Importantly, the insertion of LHCII into the pores of a GE is achieved by subjecting the electrode to specific potentials. Both trimeric and aggregated forms of LHCII located within the graphite layer retain their native structures. Voltammetric current peaks centred at ca. -230 and + 50 mV vs. Ag/AgCl (+94 and + 374 mV vs. NHE) limit the investigation of the reduction and oxidation processes of immobilized LHCII. An anodic photocurrent is generated in the LHCII-GE proportional to light intensity and can reach a value of 150 nA/cm2. Light-dependent charge separation in LHCII followed by electron transfer to the GE occurs only at potentials of above -200 mV vs. Ag/AgCl (+124 mV vs. NHE). Our results illustrate the importance of the structural proximity of LHCII and GE for photocurrent generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Piotrowska
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Łazicka
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adriana Palińska-Saadi
- Bioanalytical Laboratory, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bohdan Paterczyk
- Faculty of Biology, Laboratory of Electron and Confocal Microscopy, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Grzyb
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; Institute of Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Maj-Żurawska
- Bioanalytical Laboratory, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Laboratory of Basics of Analytical Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Garstka
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
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17
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Mazur R, Trzcinska-Danielewicz J, Kozlowski P, Kowalewska Ł, Rumak I, Shiell BJ, Mostowska A, Michalski WP, Garstka M. Dark-chilling and subsequent photo-activation modulate expression and induce reversible association of chloroplast lipoxygenase with thylakoid membrane in runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 122:102-112. [PMID: 29207281 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are non-haem iron-containing dioxygenases that catalyse oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. This reaction is the first step in biosynthesis of oxylipins, which play important and diverse roles in stress response. In this study, we identified four LOX genes (PcLOXA, B, C, D) in chilling-sensitive runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.) plant and analyzed their expression patterns during long term dark-chilling (4 °C) stress and during day/night (21ºC/4 °C) temperature fluctuations. Three of the four identified LOX genes, namely PcLOXA, PcLOXB and PcLOXD, were induced by wounding stress, while only the PcLOXA was induced by dark-chilling of both detached (wounded) leaves and whole plants. We identified PcLOXA as a chloroplast-targeted LOX protein and investigated its expression during chilling stress in terms of abundance, localization inside chloroplasts and interactions with the thylakoid membranes. The analysis by immunogold electron microscopy has shown that more than 60% of detectable PcLOXA protein was associated with thylakoids, and dark-chilling of leaves resulted in increased amounts of this protein detected within grana margins of thylakoids. This effect was reversible under subsequent photo-activation of chilled leaves. PcLOXA binding to thylakoids is not mediated by the posttranslational modification but rather is based on direct interactions of the protein with membrane lipids; the binding strength increases under dark-chilling conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Piotr Kozlowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Rumak
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Brian J Shiell
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Private Bag 24, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Agnieszka Mostowska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojtek P Michalski
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Private Bag 24, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Maciej Garstka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Liu X, Zhou Y, Xiao J, Bao F. Effects of Chilling on the Structure, Function and Development of Chloroplasts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1715. [PMID: 30524465 PMCID: PMC6262076 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are the organelles that perform energy transformation in plants. The normal physiological functions of chloroplasts are essential for plant growth and development. Chilling is a common environmental stress in nature that can directly affect the physiological functions of chloroplasts. First, chilling can change the lipid membrane state and enzyme activities in chloroplasts. Then, the efficiency of photosynthesis declines, and excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced. On one hand, excess ROS can damage the chloroplast lipid membrane; on the other hand, ROS also represent a stress signal that can alter gene expression in both the chloroplast and nucleus to help regenerate damaged proteins, regulate lipid homeostasis, and promote plant adaptation to low temperatures. Furthermore, plants assume abnormal morphology, including chlorosis and growth retardation, with some even exhibiting severe necrosis under chilling stress. Here, we review the response of chloroplasts to low temperatures and focus on photosynthesis, redox regulation, lipid homeostasis, and chloroplast development to elucidate the processes involved in plant responses and adaptation to chilling stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlin Zhou
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Xiao
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Bao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Bao,
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19
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Khan TA, Fariduddin Q, Yusuf M. Low-temperature stress: is phytohormones application a remedy? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:21574-21590. [PMID: 28831664 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9948-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Among the various abiotic stresses, low temperature is one of the major environmental constraints that limit the plant development and crop productivity. Plants are able to adapt to low-temperature stress through the changes in membrane composition and activation of reactive oxygen scavenging systems. The genetic pathway induced due to temperature downshift is based on C-repeat-binding factors (CBF) which activate promoters through the C-repeat (CRT) cis-element. Calcium entry is a major signalling event occurring immediately after a downshift in temperature. The increase in the level of cytosolic calcium activates many enzymes, such as phospholipases and calcium dependent-protein kinases. MAP-kinase module has been shown to be involved in the cold response. Ultimately, the activation of these signalling pathways leads to changes in the transcriptome. Several phytohormones, such as abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, auxin, salicylic acid, gibberellic acid, cytokinins and jasmonic acid, have been shown to play key roles in regulating the plant development under low-temperature stress. These phytohormones modulate important events involved in tolerance to low-temperature stress in plants. Better understanding of these events and genes controlling these could open new strategies for improving tolerance mediated by phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Alam Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Qazi Fariduddin
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Mohammad Yusuf
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
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Jumrani K, Bhatia VS, Pandey GP. Impact of elevated temperatures on specific leaf weight, stomatal density, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in soybean. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 131:333-350. [PMID: 28025729 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
High-temperature stress is a major environmental stress and there are limited studies elucidating its impact on soybean (Glycine max L. Merril.). The objectives of present study were to quantify the effect of high temperature on changes in leaf thickness, number of stomata on adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and seed yield in soybean. Twelve soybean genotypes were grown at day/night temperatures of 30/22, 34/24, 38/26 and 42/28 °C with an average temperature of 26, 29, 32 and 35 °C, respectively, under greenhouse conditions. One set was also grown under ambient temperature conditions where crop season average maximum, minimum and mean temperatures were 28.0, 22.4 and 25.2 °C, respectively. Significant negative effect of temperature was observed on specific leaf weight (SLW) and leaf thickness. Rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency declined as the growing temperatures increased; whereas, intercellular CO2 and transpiration rate were increased. With the increase in temperature chlorophyll fluorescence parameters such as Fv/Fm, qP and PhiPSII declined while there was increase in qN. Number of stomata on both abaxial and adaxial surface of leaf increased significantly with increase in temperatures. The rate of photosynthesis, PhiPSII, qP and SPAD values were positively associated with leaf thickness and SLW. This indicated that reduction in photosynthesis and associated parameters appears to be due to structural changes observed at higher temperatures. The average seed yield was maximum (13.2 g/pl) in plants grown under ambient temperature condition and declined by 8, 14, 51 and 65% as the temperature was increased to 30/22, 34/24, 38/26 and 42/28 °C, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Jumrani
- School of Life Sciences, DAVV, Khandwa Road, Indore, 452 001, India.
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21
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Skupień J, Wójtowicz J, Kowalewska Ł, Mazur R, Garstka M, Gieczewska K, Mostowska A. Dark-chilling induces substantial structural changes and modifies galactolipid and carotenoid composition during chloroplast biogenesis in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cotyledons. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 111:107-118. [PMID: 27915172 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants in a temperate climate are often subject to different environmental factors, chilling stress among them, which influence the growth especially during early stages of plant development. Chloroplasts are one of the first organelles affected by the chilling stress. Therefore the proper biogenesis of chloroplasts in early stages of plant growth is crucial for undertaking the photosynthetic activity. In this paper, the analysis of the cotyledon chloroplast biogenesis at different levels of plastid organization was performed in cucumber, one of the most popular chilling sensitive crops. Influence of low temperature on the ultrastructure was manifested by partial recrystallization of the prolamellar body, the formation of elongated grana thylakoids and a change of the prolamellar body structure from the compacted "closed" type to a more loose "open" type. Structural changes are strongly correlated with galactolipid and carotenoid content. Substantial changes in the galactolipid and the carotenoid composition in dark-chilled plants, especially a decrease of the monogalactosyldiacylglycerol to digalactosyldiacylglycerol ratio (MGDG/DGDG) and an increased level of lutein, responsible for a decrease in membrane fluidity, were registered together with a slower adaptation to higher light intensity and an increased level of non-photochemical reactions. Changes in the grana thylakoid fluidity, of their structure and photosynthetic efficiency in developing chloroplasts of dark-chilled plants, without significant changes in the PSI/PSII ratio, could distort the balance of photosystem rearrangements and be one of the reasons of cucumber sensitivity to chilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Skupień
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Wójtowicz
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Garstka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gieczewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mostowska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
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Mazur R, Sadowska M, Kowalewska Ł, Abratowska A, Kalaji HM, Mostowska A, Garstka M, Krasnodębska-Ostręga B. Overlapping toxic effect of long term thallium exposure on white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) photosynthetic activity. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:191. [PMID: 27590049 PMCID: PMC5009500 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0883-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy metal exposure affect plant productivity by interfering, directly and indirectly, with photosynthetic reactions. The toxic effect of heavy metals on photosynthetic reactions has been reported in wide-ranging studies, however there is paucity of data in the literature concerning thallium (Tl) toxicity. Thallium is ubiquitous natural trace element and is considered the most toxic of heavy metals; however, some plant species, such as white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) are able to accumulate thallium at very high concentrations. In this study we identified the main sites of the photosynthetic process inhibited either directly or indirectly by thallium, and elucidated possible detoxification mechanisms in S. alba. RESULTS We studied the toxicity of thallium in white mustard (S. alba) growing plants and demonstrated that tolerance of plants to thallium (the root test) decreased with the increasing Tl(I) ions concentration in culture media. The root growth of plants exposed to Tl at 100 μg L(-1) for 4 weeks was similar to that in control plants, while in plants grown with Tl at 1,000 μg L(-1) root growth was strongly inhibited. In leaves, toxic effect became gradually visible in response to increasing concentration of Tl (100 - 1,000 μg L(-1)) with discoloration spreading around main vascular bundles of the leaf blade; whereas leaf margins remained green. Subsequent structural analyses using chlorophyll fluorescence, microscopy, and pigment and protein analysis have revealed different effects of varying Tl concentrations on leaf tissue. At lower concentration partial rearrangement of the photosynthetic complexes was observed without significant changes in the chloroplast structure and the pigment and protein levels. At higher concentrations, the decrease of PSI and PSII quantum yields and massive oxidation of pigments was observed in discolored leaf areas, which contained high amount of Tl. Substantial decline of the photosystem core proteins and disorder of the photosynthetic complexes were responsible for disappearance of the chloroplast grana. CONCLUSIONS Based on the presented results we postulate two phases of thallium toxicity on photosynthesis: the non-destructive phase at early stages of toxicant accumulation and the destructive phase that is restricted to the discolored leaf areas containing high toxicant content. There was no distinct border between the two phases of thallium toxicity in leaves and the degree of toxicity was proportional to the migration rate of the toxicant outside the vascular bundles. The three-fold (nearly linear) increase of Tl(I) concentration was observed in damaged tissue and the damage appears to be associated with the presence of the oxidized form of thallium - Tl(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Sadowska
- Laboratory of Chromatography and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Abratowska
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mostowska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Garstka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Krasnodębska-Ostręga
- Laboratory of Chromatography and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Su F, Jacquard C, Villaume S, Michel J, Rabenoelina F, Clément C, Barka EA, Dhondt-Cordelier S, Vaillant-Gaveau N. Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN reduces impact of freezing temperatures on photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:810. [PMID: 26483823 PMCID: PMC4591482 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Several plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known to improve plant tolerance to multiple stresses, including low temperatures. However, mechanisms underlying this protection are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the endophytic PGPR, Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN (Bp PsJN), on Arabidopsis thaliana cold tolerance using photosynthesis parameters as physiological markers. Under standard conditions, our results indicated that Bp PsJN inoculation led to growth promotion of Arabidopsis plants without significant modification on photosynthesis parameters and chloroplast organization. However, bacterial colonization induced a cell wall strengthening in the mesophyll. Impact of inoculation modes (either on seeds or by soil irrigation) and their effects overnight at 0, -1, or -3°C, were investigated by following photosystem II (PSII) activity and gas exchanges. Following low temperatures stress, a decrease of photosynthesis parameters was observed. In addition, during three consecutive nights or days at -1°C, PSII activity was monitored. Pigment contents, RuBisCO protein abundance, expression of several genes including RbcS, RbcL, CBF1, CBF2, CBF3, ICE1, COR15a, and COR78 were evaluated at the end of exposure. To assess the impact of the bacteria on cell ultrastructure under low temperatures, microscopic observations were achieved. Results indicated that freezing treatment induced significant changes in PSII activity as early as the first cold day, whereas the same impact on PSII activity was observed only during the third cold night. The significant effects conferred by PsJN were differential accumulation of pigments, and reduced expression of RbcL and COR78. Microscopical observations showed an alteration/disorganization in A. thaliana leaf mesophyll cells independently of the freezing treatments. The presence of bacteria during the three successive nights or days did not significantly improved A. thaliana responses but prevented the plasmalemma disruption under freezing stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Su
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne – EA 4707, Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-ArdenneReims, France
| | - Cédric Jacquard
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne – EA 4707, Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-ArdenneReims, France
| | - Sandra Villaume
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne – EA 4707, Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-ArdenneReims, France
| | - Jean Michel
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences, Pôle FarmanReims, France
| | - Fanja Rabenoelina
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne – EA 4707, Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-ArdenneReims, France
| | - Christophe Clément
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne – EA 4707, Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-ArdenneReims, France
| | - Essaid A. Barka
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne – EA 4707, Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-ArdenneReims, France
| | - Sandrine Dhondt-Cordelier
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne – EA 4707, Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-ArdenneReims, France
| | - Nathalie Vaillant-Gaveau
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne – EA 4707, Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-ArdenneReims, France
- *Correspondence: Nathalie Vaillant-Gaveau, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne – EA 4707, Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Moulin de la Housse – Bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France,
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Khan TA, Fariduddin Q, Yusuf M, Ahmad A. Low-Temperature Triggered Varied Antioxidant Responses in Tomato. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/19315260.2014.881453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Liu YF, Qi MF, Li TL. Photosynthesis, photoinhibition, and antioxidant system in tomato leaves stressed by low night temperature and their subsequent recovery. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 196:8-17. [PMID: 23017895 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of low night temperature (LNT, i.e., 9 and 6 °C) stress and rewarming (15 °C night temperature) on the photosynthesis, photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII), and antioxidant system of tomato leaves were studied. The results showed that 9 d of LNT treatment led to an irreversible reduction in the photosynthetic rate. This reduction was accompanied by stomatal limitation of CO₂ supply and significant decline in ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity at the transcription level, as well as sucrose accumulation. LNT treatment induced the reversible photoinhibition of PSII, decreased PSII activity, increased the photochemical yield of PSI Y(I), and markedly caused the acceptor side limitation of PSI. This finding was reflected by the higher value of Y(NA) in the treated plants than in the control. At the same time, a downregulation of electron transport for photosynthetic carbon reduction under LNT was mostly compensated by Ja(O₂-dependent) driven by the water-water cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Liu
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 No. Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China
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26
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Sawicki M, Jeanson E, Celiz V, Clément C, Jacquard C, Vaillant-Gaveau N. Adaptation of grapevine flowers to cold involves different mechanisms depending on stress intensity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46976. [PMID: 23071684 PMCID: PMC3468596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine flower development and fruit set are influenced by cold nights in the vineyard. To investigate the impact of cold stress on carbon metabolism in the inflorescence, we exposed the inflorescences of fruiting cuttings to chilling and freezing temperatures overnight and measured fluctuations in photosynthesis and sugar content. Whatever the temperature, after the stress treatment photosynthesis was modified in the inflorescence, but the nature of the alteration depended on the intensity of the cold stress. At 4°C, photosynthesis in the inflorescence was impaired through non-stomatal limitations, whereas at 0°C it was affected through stomatal limitations. A freezing night (-3°C) severely deregulated photosynthesis in the inflorescence, acting primarily on photosystem II. Cold nights also induced accumulation of sugars. Soluble carbohydrates increased in inflorescences exposed to -3°C, 0°C and 4°C, but starch accumulated only in inflorescences of plants treated at 0 and -3°C. These results suggest that inflorescences are able to cope with cold temperatures by adapting their carbohydrate metabolism using mechanisms that are differentially induced according to stress intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélodie Sawicki
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne - EA 4707, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, Reims, France
| | - Etienne Jeanson
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne - EA 4707, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, Reims, France
| | - Vanessa Celiz
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne - EA 4707, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, Reims, France
| | - Christophe Clément
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne - EA 4707, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, Reims, France
| | - Cédric Jacquard
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne - EA 4707, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, Reims, France
| | - Nathalie Vaillant-Gaveau
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne - EA 4707, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, Reims, France
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Rumak I, Mazur R, Gieczewska K, Kozioł-Lipińska J, Kierdaszuk B, Michalski WP, Shiell BJ, Venema JH, Vredenberg WJ, Mostowska A, Garstka M. Correlation between spatial (3D) structure of pea and bean thylakoid membranes and arrangement of chlorophyll-protein complexes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:72. [PMID: 22631450 PMCID: PMC3499227 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thylakoid system in plant chloroplasts is organized into two distinct domains: grana arranged in stacks of appressed membranes and non-appressed membranes consisting of stroma thylakoids and margins of granal stacks. It is argued that the reason for the development of appressed membranes in plants is that their photosynthetic apparatus need to cope with and survive ever-changing environmental conditions. It is not known however, why different plant species have different arrangements of grana within their chloroplasts. It is important to elucidate whether a different arrangement and distribution of appressed and non-appressed thylakoids in chloroplasts are linked with different qualitative and/or quantitative organization of chlorophyll-protein (CP) complexes in the thylakoid membranes and whether this arrangement influences the photosynthetic efficiency. RESULTS Our results from TEM and in situ CLSM strongly indicate the existence of different arrangements of pea and bean thylakoid membranes. In pea, larger appressed thylakoids are regularly arranged within chloroplasts as uniformly distributed red fluorescent bodies, while irregular appressed thylakoid membranes within bean chloroplasts correspond to smaller and less distinguished fluorescent areas in CLSM images. 3D models of pea chloroplasts show a distinct spatial separation of stacked thylakoids from stromal spaces whereas spatial division of stroma and thylakoid areas in bean chloroplasts are more complex. Structural differences influenced the PSII photochemistry, however without significant changes in photosynthetic efficiency. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of chlorophyll-protein complexes as well as spectroscopic investigations indicated a similar proportion between PSI and PSII core complexes in pea and bean thylakoids, but higher abundance of LHCII antenna in pea ones. Furthermore, distinct differences in size and arrangements of LHCII-PSII and LHCI-PSI supercomplexes between species are suggested. CONCLUSIONS Based on proteomic and spectroscopic investigations we postulate that the differences in the chloroplast structure between the analyzed species are a consequence of quantitative proportions between the individual CP complexes and its arrangement inside membranes. Such a structure of membranes induced the formation of large stacked domains in pea, or smaller heterogeneous regions in bean thylakoids. Presented 3D models of chloroplasts showed that stacked areas are noticeably irregular with variable thickness, merging with each other and not always parallel to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Rumak
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, PL-02-096, Poland
| | - Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, PL-02-096, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gieczewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, PL-02-096, Poland
| | - Joanna Kozioł-Lipińska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, PL-02-096, Poland
| | - Borys Kierdaszuk
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 93, Warsaw, PL-02-089, Poland
| | - Wojtek P Michalski
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO Livestock Industries, 5 Portarlington Road Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Brian J Shiell
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO Livestock Industries, 5 Portarlington Road Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Jan Henk Venema
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES), University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, Groningen, 9700 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J Vredenberg
- Department of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Mostowska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, PL-02-096, Poland
| | - Maciej Garstka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, PL-02-096, Poland
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Rudowska L, Gieczewska K, Mazur R, Garstka M, Mostowska A. Chloroplast biogenesis - correlation between structure and function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:1380-7. [PMID: 22465024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast biogenesis is a multistage process leading to fully differentiated and functionally mature plastids. Complex analysis of chloroplast biogenesis was performed on the structural and functional level of its organization during the photoperiodic plant growth after initial growth of seedlings in the darkness. We correlated, at the same time intervals, the structure of etioplasts transforming into mature chloroplasts with the changes in the photosynthetic protein levels (selected core and antenna proteins of PSI and PSII) and with the function of the photosynthetic apparatus in two plant species: bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L). We selected these plant species since we demonstrated previously that the mature chloroplasts differ in the thylakoid organization. We showed that the protein biosynthesis as well as photosynthetic complexes formation proceeds gradually in both plants in spite of periods of darkness. We found that both steady structural differentiation of the bean chloroplast and reformation of prolamellar bodies in pea were accompanied by a gradual increase of the photochemical activity in both species. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosynthesis Research for Sustainability: from Natural to Artificial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucja Rudowska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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29
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Rumak I, Gieczewska K, Kierdaszuk B, Gruszecki WI, Mostowska A, Mazur R, Garstka M. 3-D modelling of chloroplast structure under (Mg2+) magnesium ion treatment. Relationship between thylakoid membrane arrangement and stacking. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2010; 1797:1736-48. [PMID: 20621057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We performed for the first time three-dimensional (3D) modelling of the entire chloroplast structure. Stacks of optical slices obtained by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) provided a basis for construction of 3D images of individual chloroplasts. We selected pea (Pisum sativum) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) chloroplasts since we found that they differ in thylakoid organization. Pea chloroplasts contain large distinctly separated appressed domains while less distinguished appressed regions are present in bean chloroplasts. Different magnesium ion treatments were used to study thylakoid membrane stacking and arrangement. In pea chloroplasts, as demonstrated by 3D modelling, the increase of magnesium ion concentration changed the degree of membrane appression from wrinkled continuous surface to many distinguished stacked areas and significant increase of the inter-grana area. On the other hand 3D models of bean chloroplasts exhibited similar but less pronounced tendencies towards formation of appressed regions. Additionally, we studied arrangements of thylakoid membranes and chlorophyll-protein complexes by various spectroscopic methods, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) among others. Based on microscopic and spectroscopic data we suggested that the range of chloroplast structure alterations under magnesium ions treatment is a consequence of the arrangement of supercomplexes. Moreover, we showed that stacking processes always affect the structural changes of chloroplast as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Rumak
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, PL-02-096 Warsaw, Poland
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Hasegawa M, Shiina T, Terazima M, Kumazaki S. Selective Excitation of Photosystems in Chloroplasts Inside Plant Leaves Observed by Near-Infrared Laser-Based Fluorescence Spectral Microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 51:225-38. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcp182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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31
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Gruszecki WI, Gospodarek M, Grudziński W, Mazur R, Gieczewska K, Garstka M. Light-induced Change of Configuration of the LHCII-Bound Xanthophyll (Tentatively Assigned to Violaxanthin): A Resonance Raman Study. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:2506-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8101755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wiesław I. Gruszecki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland, Institute of Physics, Technical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland, Department of Metabolic Regulation and Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gospodarek
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland, Institute of Physics, Technical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland, Department of Metabolic Regulation and Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Grudziński
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland, Institute of Physics, Technical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland, Department of Metabolic Regulation and Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Radosław Mazur
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland, Institute of Physics, Technical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland, Department of Metabolic Regulation and Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gieczewska
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland, Institute of Physics, Technical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland, Department of Metabolic Regulation and Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Garstka
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland, Institute of Physics, Technical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland, Department of Metabolic Regulation and Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
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