1
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Tao Z, Miao X, Shi Z. HD-ZIP IV Gene ROC1 Regulates Leaf Rolling and Drought Response Through Formation of Heterodimers with ROC5 and ROC8 in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 17:45. [PMID: 39060652 PMCID: PMC11282044 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Leaf morphology is a crucial agronomic characteristic of rice that influences crop yield directly. One primary cause of rice leaf rolling can be attributed to alterations in bulliform cells. Several HD-ZIP IV genes have been identified to be epidemical characterized and function in leaf rolling in rice. Still others need to be studied to fully understand the overall function of HD-ZIP IV family. Among the nine ROC genes encoding HD-ZIP IV family transcription factors in rice, ROC1 exhibits the highest expression in the leaves. Overexpression of ROC1 decreased the size of bulliform cells, and thus resulted in adaxially rolled leaves. To the contrary, knockout of ROC1 (ROC1KO) through Crispr-cas9 system enlarged bulliform cells, and thus led to abaxially rolled leaves. Moreover, ROC1KO plants were sensitive to drought. ROC1 could form homodimers on its own, and heterodimers with ROC5 and ROC8 respectively. Compared to ROC1KO plants, leaves of the ROC1 and ROC8 double knocked out plants (ROC1/8DKO) were more severely rolled abaxially due to enlarged bulliform cells, and ROC1/8DKO plants were more drought sensitive. However, overexpression of ROC8 could not restore the abaxial leaf phenotype of ROC1KO plants. Therefore, we proved that ROC1, a member of the HD-ZIP IV family, regulated leaf rolling and drought stress response through tight association with ROC5 and ROC8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihuan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Design, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuexia Miao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Design, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhenying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Design, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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2
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Zang Y, Xu C, Yu L, Ma L, Xuan L, Yan S, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Li X, Si Z, Deng J, Zhang T, Hu Y. GHCU, a Molecular Chaperone, Regulates Leaf Curling by Modulating the Distribution of KNGH1 in Cotton. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402816. [PMID: 38666376 PMCID: PMC11234424 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Leaf shape is considered to be one of the most significant agronomic traits in crop breeding. However, the molecular basis underlying leaf morphogenesis in cotton is still largely unknown. In this study, through genetic mapping and molecular investigation using a natural cotton mutant cu with leaves curling upward, the causal gene GHCU is successfully identified as the key regulator of leaf flattening. Knockout of GHCU or its homolog in cotton and tobacco using CRISPR results in abnormal leaf shape. It is further discovered that GHCU facilitates the transport of the HD protein KNOTTED1-like (KNGH1) from the adaxial to the abaxial domain. Loss of GHCU function restricts KNGH1 to the adaxial epidermal region, leading to lower auxin response levels in the adaxial boundary compared to the abaxial. This spatial asymmetry in auxin distribution produces the upward-curled leaf phenotype of the cu mutant. By analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing and spatiotemporal transcriptomic data, auxin biosynthesis genes are confirmed to be expressed asymmetrically in the adaxial-abaxial epidermal cells. Overall, these findings suggest that GHCU plays a crucial role in the regulation of leaf flattening through facilitating cell-to-cell trafficking of KNGH1 and hence influencing the auxin response level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Zang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Chenyu Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Lishan Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Longen Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Lisha Xuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Sunyi Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yayao Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yiwen Cao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Zhanfeng Si
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jieqiong Deng
- Industrial Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sichuan, 610066, China
| | - Tianzhen Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
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3
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Li D, Fan L, Shu Q, Guo F. Ectopic expression of OsWOX9A alters leaf anatomy and plant architecture in rice. PLANTA 2024; 260:30. [PMID: 38879830 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Ectopic expression of OsWOX9A induces narrow adaxially rolled rice leaves with larger bulliform cells and fewer large veins, probably through regulating the expression of auxin-related and expansin genes. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) family plays a pivotal role in plant development by regulating genes involved in various aspects of growth and differentiation. OsWOX9A (DWT1) has been linked to tiller growth, uniform plant growth, and flower meristem activity. However, its impact on leaf growth and development in rice has not been studied. In this study, we investigated the biological role of OsWOX9A in rice growth and development using transgenic plants. Overexpression of OsWOX9A conferred narrow adaxially rolled rice leaves and altered plant architecture. These plants exhibited larger bulliform cells and fewer larger veins compared to wild-type plants. OsWOX9A overexpression also reduced plant height, tiller number, and seed-setting rate. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed several differentially expressed auxin-related and expansin genes in OsWOX9A overexpressing plants, consistent with their roles in leaf and plant development. These results indicate that the ectopic expression of OsWOX9A may have multiple effects on the development and growth of rice, providing a more comprehensive picture of how the WOX9 subfamily contributes to leaf development and plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Hainan Institute, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Longjiang Fan
- Hainan Institute, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Qingyao Shu
- Hainan Institute, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fu Guo
- Hainan Institute, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China.
- Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, 572025, China.
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4
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Gao Y, Zhu L, An M, Wang Y, Li S, Dong Y, Yang S, Shi K, Fan S, Chen X, Ren H, Liu X. Zinc Finger-Homeodomain Transcriptional Factors (ZHDs) in Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.): Identification, Evolution, Expression Profiles, and Function under Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4408. [PMID: 38673993 PMCID: PMC11050092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a globally prevalent and extensively cultivated vegetable whose yield is significantly influenced by various abiotic stresses, including drought, heat, and salinity. Transcription factors, such as zinc finger-homeodomain proteins (ZHDs), a plant-specific subgroup of Homeobox, play a crucial regulatory role in stress resistance. In this study, we identified 13 CsZHDs distributed across all six cucumber chromosomes except chromosome 7. Phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into five clades (ZHDI-IV and MIF) with different gene structures but similar conserved motifs. Collinearity analysis revealed that members of clades ZHD III, IV, and MIF experienced amplification through segmental duplication events. Additionally, a closer evolutionary relationship was observed between the ZHDs in Cucumis sativus (C. sativus) and Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) compared to Oryza sativa (O. sativa). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated the general expression of CsZHD genes across all tissues, with notable expression in leaf and flower buds. Moreover, most of the CsZHDs, particularly CsZHD9-11, exhibited varying responses to drought, heat, and salt stresses. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments highlighted the potential functions of CsZHD9 and CsZHD10, suggesting their positive regulation of stomatal movement and responsiveness to drought stress. In summary, these findings provide a valuable resource for future analysis of potential mechanisms underlying CsZHD genes in response to stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Gao
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liyan Zhu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Menghang An
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Sen Li
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuming Dong
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Songlin Yang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kexin Shi
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shanshan Fan
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- College of Ocean and Agricultural Engineering, Yantai Institute of China Agricultural University, Yantai 264670, China
| | - Huazhong Ren
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xingwang Liu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
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5
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Huang L, Gan M, Zhao W, Hu Y, Du L, Li Y, Zeng K, Wu D, Hao M, Ning S, Yuan Z, Feng L, Zhang L, Wu B, Liu D. Characterization and Mapping of a Rolling Leaf Mutant Allele rlT73 on Chromosome 1BL of Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4103. [PMID: 38612912 PMCID: PMC11012251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Leaf rolling is regarded as an important morphological trait in wheat breeding. Moderate leaf rolling is helpful to keep leaves upright and improve the photosynthesis of plants, leading to increased yield. However, studies on the identification of genomic regions/genes associated with rolling leaf have been reported less frequently in wheat. In this study, a rolling leaf mutant, T73, which has paired spikelets, dwarfism, and delayed heading traits, was obtained from a common wheat landrace through ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis. The rlT73 mutation caused an increase in the number of epidermal cells on the abaxial side and the shrinkage of bulliform cells on the adaxial side, leading to an adaxially rolling leaf phenotype. Genetic analysis showed that the rolling leaf phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene. Further Wheat55K single nucleotide polymorphism array-based bulked segregant analysis and molecular marker mapping delimited rlT73 to a physical interval of 300.29-318.33 Mb on the chromosome arm 1BL in the Chinese Spring genome. We show that a point mutation at the miRNA165/166 binding site of the HD zipper class III transcription factor on 1BL altered its transcriptional level, which may be responsible for the rolling leaf phenotype. Our results suggest the important role of rlT73 in regulating wheat leaf development and the potential of miRNA-based gene regulation for crop trait improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Meijuan Gan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenzhuo Zhao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanling Hu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lilin Du
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuqin Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kanghui Zeng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ming Hao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shunzong Ning
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhongwei Yuan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lihua Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lianquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bihua Wu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dengcai Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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6
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Wang M, Wu Y, Zhan W, Wang H, Chen M, Li T, Bai T, Jiao J, Song C, Song S, Feng J, Zheng X. The apple transcription factor MdZF-HD11 regulates fruit softening by promoting Mdβ-GAL18 expression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:819-836. [PMID: 37936320 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening and the associated softening are major determinants of fruit quality and post-harvest shelf life. Although the mechanisms underlying fruit softening have been intensively studied, there are limited reports on the regulation of fruit softening in apples (Malus domestica). Here, we identified a zinc finger homeodomain transcription factor MdZF-HD11that trans-activates the promoter of Mdβ-GAL18, which encodes a pectin-degradation enzyme associated with cell wall metabolism. Both MdZF-HD11 and Mdβ-GAL18 genes were up-regulated by exogenous ethylene treatment and repressed by 1-methylcyclopropene treatment. Further experiments revealed that MdZF-HD11 binds directly to the Mdβ-GAL18 promoter and up-regulates its transcription. Moreover, using transgenic apple fruit calli, we found that overexpression of Mdβ-GAL18 or MdZF-HD11 significantly enhanced β-galactosidase activity, and overexpression of MdZF-HD11 induced the expression of Mdβ-GAL18. We also discovered that transient overexpression of Mdβ-GAL18 or MdZF-HD11 in 'Golden Delicious' apple significantly increased the release of ethylene, reduced fruit firmness, promoted the transformation of skin color from green to yellow, and accelerated ripening and softening of the fruit. Finally, the overexpression of MdZF-HD11 in tomato also promoted fruit softening. Collectively, these results indicate that ethylene-induced MdZF-HD11 interacts with Mdβ-GAL18 to promote the post-harvest softening of apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yao Wu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenduo Zhan
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tongxin Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tuanhui Bai
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Jiao
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunhui Song
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shangwei Song
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiancan Feng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianbo Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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7
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Qiao L, Wu Q, Yuan L, Huang X, Yang Y, Li Q, Shahzad N, Li H, Li W. SMALL PLANT AND ORGAN 1 ( SPO1) Encoding a Cellulose Synthase-like Protein D4 (OsCSLD4) Is an Important Regulator for Plant Architecture and Organ Size in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16974. [PMID: 38069299 PMCID: PMC10707047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant architecture and organ size are considered as important traits in crop breeding and germplasm improvement. Although several factors affecting plant architecture and organ size have been identified in rice, the genetic and regulatory mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we identified and characterized the small plant and organ 1 (spo1) mutant in rice (Oryza sativa), which exhibits narrow and rolled leaf, reductions in plant height, root length, and grain width, and other morphological defects. Map-based cloning revealed that SPO1 is allelic with OsCSLD4, a gene encoding the cellulose synthase-like protein D4, and is highly expressed in the roots at the seedling and tillering stages. Microscopic observation revealed the spo1 mutant had reduced number and width in leaf veins, smaller size of leaf bulliform cells, reduced cell length and cell area in the culm, and decreased width of epidermal cells in the outer glume of the grain. These results indicate the role of SPO1 in modulating cell division and cell expansion, which modulates plant architecture and organ size. It is showed that the contents of endogenous hormones including auxin, abscisic acid, gibberellin, and zeatin tested in the spo1 mutant were significantly altered, compared to the wild type. Furthermore, the transcriptome analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are significantly enriched in the pathways associated with plant hormone signal transduction, cell cycle progression, and cell wall formation. These results indicated that the loss of SPO1/OsCSLD4 function disrupted cell wall cellulose synthase and hormones homeostasis and signaling, thus leading to smaller plant and organ size in spo1. Taken together, we suggest the functional role of SPO1/OsCSLD4 in the control of rice plant and organ size by modulating cell division and expansion, likely through the effects of multiple hormonal pathways on cell wall formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qilong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Liuzhen Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Xudong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Yutao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Qinying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Nida Shahzad
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Haifeng Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
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8
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Jang MJ, Hong WJ, Park YS, Jung KH, Kim S. Genomic basis of multiphase evolution driving divergent selection of zinc-finger homeodomain genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:7424-7437. [PMID: 37394281 PMCID: PMC10415114 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene families divergently evolve and become adapted as different genes with specific structures and functions in living organisms. We performed comprehensive structural and functional analyses of Zinc-finger homeodomain genes (ZF-HDs), including Mini zinc-finger genes (MIFs) and Zinc-finger with homeodomain genes (ZHDs), displaying competitive functions each other. Intensive annotation updates for 90 plant genomes verified that most MIFs (MIF-Is) exhibited distinct motif compositions from ZHDs, although some MIFs (MIF-Zs) contained ZHD-specific motifs. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that MIF-Zs and ZHDs originated from the same ancestral gene, whereas MIF-Is emerged from a distinct progenitor. We used a gene-editing system to identify a novel function of MIF-Is in rice: regulating the surface material patterns in anthers and pollen through transcriptional regulation by interacting ZHDs. Kingdom-wide investigations determined that (i) ancestral MIFs diverged into MIF-Is and MIF-Zs in the last universal common ancestor, (ii) integration of HD into the C-terminal of MIF-Zs created ZHDs after emergence of green plants and (iii) MIF-Is and ZHDs subsequently expanded independently into specific plant lineages, with additional formation of MIF-Zs from ZHDs. Our comprehensive analysis provides genomic evidence for multiphase evolution driving divergent selection of ZF-HDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jeong Jang
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jong Hong
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Farm Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Park
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungill Kim
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
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9
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Han Y, Yang J, Wu H, Liu F, Qin B, Li R. Improving Rice Leaf Shape Using CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing of SRL1 and Characterizing Its Regulatory Network Involved in Leaf Rolling through Transcriptome Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11087. [PMID: 37446265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf rolling is a crucial agronomic trait to consider in rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding as it keeps the leaves upright, reducing interleaf shading and improving photosynthetic efficiency. The SEMI-ROLLED LEAF 1 (SRL1) gene plays a key role in regulating leaf rolling, as it encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein located on the plasma membrane. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to target the second and third exons of the SRL1 gene in the indica rice line GXU103, which resulted in the generation of 14 T0 transgenic plants with a double-target mutation rate of 21.4%. After screening 120 T1 generation plants, we identified 26 T-DNA-free homozygous double-target mutation plants. We designated the resulting SRL1 homozygous double-target knockout as srl1-103. This line exhibited defects in leaf development, leaf rolling in the mature upright leaves, and a compact nature of the fully grown plants. Compared with the wild type (WT), the T2 generation of srl1-103 varied in two key aspects: the width of flag leaf (12.6% reduction compared with WT) and the leaf rolling index (48.77% increase compared with WT). In order to gain a deeper understanding of the involvement of SRL1 in the regulatory network associated with rice leaf development, we performed a transcriptome analysis for the T2 generation of srl1-103. A comparison of srl1-103 with WT revealed 459 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 388 upregulated genes and 71 downregulated genes. In terms of the function of the DEGs, there seemed to be a significant enrichment of genes associated with cell wall synthesis (LOC_Os08g01670, LOC_Os05g46510, LOC_Os04g51450, LOC_Os10g28080, LOC_Os04g39814, LOC_Os01g71474, LOC_Os01g71350, and LOC_Os11g47600) and vacuole-related genes (LOC_Os09g23300), which may partially explain the increased leaf rolling in srl1-103. Furthermore, the significant downregulation of BAHD acyltransferase-like protein gene (LOC_Os08g44840) could be the main reason for the decreased leaf angle and the compact nature of the mutant plants. In summary, this study successfully elucidated the gene regulatory network in which SRL1 participates, providing theoretical support for targeting this gene in rice breeding programs to promote variety improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Han
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jinlian Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Baoxiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Rongbai Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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10
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Yoon J, Baek G, Pasriga R, Tun W, Min CW, Kim ST, Cho LH, An G. Homeobox transcription factors OsZHD1 and OsZHD2 induce inflorescence meristem activity at floral transition in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1327-1339. [PMID: 36120845 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Floral transition starts in the leaves when florigens respond to various environmental and developmental factors. Among several regulatory genes that are preferentially expressed in the inflorescence meristem during the floral transition, this study examines the homeobox genes OsZHD1 and OsZHD2 for their roles in regulating this transition. Although single mutations in these genes did not result in visible phenotype changes, double mutations in these genes delayed flowering. Florigen expression was not altered in the double mutants, indicating that the delay was due to a defect in florigen signaling. Morphological analysis of shoot apical meristem at the early developmental stage indicated that inflorescence meristem development was significantly delayed in the double mutants. Overexpression of ZHD2 causes early flowering because of downstream signals after the generation of florigens. Expression levels of the auxin biosynthesis genes were reduced in the mutants and the addition of indole-3-acetic acid recovered the defect in the mutants, suggesting that these homeobox genes play a role in auxin biosynthesis. A rice florigen, RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T 1, binds to the promoter regions of homeobox genes. These results indicate that florigens stimulate the expression of homeobox genes, enhancing inflorescence development in the shoot apex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmi Yoon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Gibeom Baek
- Department of Plant Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Richa Pasriga
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Win Tun
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Min
- Department of Plant Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Lae-Hyeon Cho
- Department of Plant Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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11
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Bian R, Liu N, Xu Y, Su Z, Chai L, Bernardo A, St Amand P, Fritz A, Zhang G, Rupp J, Akhunov E, Jordan KW, Bai G. Quantitative trait loci for rolled leaf in a wheat EMS mutant from Jagger. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:52. [PMID: 36912970 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two QTLs with major effects on rolled leaf trait were consistently detected on chromosomes 1A (QRl.hwwg-1AS) and 5A (QRl.hwwg-5AL) in the field experiments. Rolled leaf (RL) is a morphological strategy to protect plants from dehydration under stressed field conditions. Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlining RL is essential to breed drought-tolerant wheat cultivars. A mapping population of 154 recombinant inbred lines was developed from the cross between JagMut1095, a mutant of Jagger, and Jagger to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the RL trait. A linkage map of 3106 cM was constructed with 1003 unique SNPs from 21 wheat chromosomes. Two consistent QTLs were identified for RL on chromosomes 1A (QRl.hwwg-1AS) and 5A (QRl.hwwg-5AL) in all field experiments. QRl.hwwg-1AS explained 24-56% of the phenotypic variation and QRl.hwwg-5AL explained up to 20% of the phenotypic variation. The combined percent phenotypic variation associated with the two QTLs was up to 61%. Analyses of phenotypic and genotypic data of recombinants generated from heterogeneous inbred families of JagMut1095 × Jagger delimited QRl.hwwg-1AS to a 6.04 Mb physical interval. This work lays solid foundation for further fine mapping and map-based cloning of QRl.hwwg-1AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolin Bian
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
- Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuzhou Xu
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Zhenqi Su
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lingling Chai
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Amy Bernardo
- USDA-ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Paul St Amand
- USDA-ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Allan Fritz
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Guorong Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Jessica Rupp
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Eduard Akhunov
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Katherine W Jordan
- USDA-ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Guihua Bai
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
- USDA-ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
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12
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Takanashi H. Genetic control of morphological traits useful for improving sorghum. BREEDING SCIENCE 2023; 73:57-69. [PMID: 37168813 PMCID: PMC10165342 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change and global warming, coupled with the growing population, have raised concerns about sustainable food supply and bioenergy demand. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] ranks fifth among cereals produced worldwide; it is a C4 crop with a higher stress tolerance than other major cereals and has a wide range of uses, such as grains, forage, and biomass. Therefore, sorghum has attracted attention as a promising crop for achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). In addition, sorghum is a suitable genetic model for C4 grasses because of its high morphological diversity and relatively small genome size compared to other C4 grasses. Although sorghum breeding and genetic studies have lagged compared to other crops such as rice and maize, recent advances in research have identified several genes and many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control important agronomic traits in sorghum. This review outlines traits and genetic information with a focus on morphogenetic aspects that may be useful in sorghum breeding for grain and biomass utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Takanashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
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13
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Zhou L, Chen S, Cai M, Cui S, Ren Y, Zhang X, Liu T, Zhou C, Jin X, Zhang L, Wu M, Zhang S, Cheng Z, Zhang X, Lei C, Lin Q, Guo X, Wang J, Zhao Z, Jiang L, Zhu S, Wan J. ESCRT-III component OsSNF7.2 modulates leaf rolling by trafficking and endosomal degradation of auxin biosynthetic enzyme OsYUC8 in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36702785 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) is highly conserved in eukaryotic cells and plays an essential role in the biogenesis of multivesicular bodies and cargo degradation to the plant vacuole or lysosomes. Although ESCRT components affect a variety of plant growth and development processes, their impact on leaf development is rarely reported. Here, we found that OsSNF7.2, an ESCRT-III component, controls leaf rolling in rice (Oryza sativa). The Ossnf7.2 mutant rolled leaf 17 (rl17) has adaxially rolled leaves due to the decreased number and size of the bulliform cells. OsSNF7.2 is expressed ubiquitously in all tissues, and its protein is localized in the endosomal compartments. OsSNF7.2 homologs, including OsSNF7, OsSNF7.3, and OsSNF7.4, can physically interact with OsSNF7.2, but their single mutation did not result in leaf rolling. Other ESCRT complex subunits, namely OsVPS20, OsVPS24, and OsBRO1, also interact with OsSNF7.2. Further assays revealed that OsSNF7.2 interacts with OsYUC8 and aids its vacuolar degradation. Both Osyuc8 and rl17 Osyuc8 showed rolled leaves, indicating that OsYUC8 and OsSNF7.2 function in the same pathway, conferring leaf development. This study reveals a new biological function for the ESCRT-III components, and provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf rolling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Saihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Maohong Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Song Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tianzhen Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunlei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin Jin
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Minxi Wu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhijun Cheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Cailin Lei
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qibing Lin
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhichao Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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14
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Kang SG, Lee DS, Do GS, Pandeya D, Matin MN. Genetic analysis of a DROOPING LEAF mutant allele dl-6 associated with a twisted and folded leaf base caused by a deficiency in midrib development in rice. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 279:153837. [PMID: 36279633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The failure of midrib formation in rice leaf blades results in the drooping leaf (dl) phenotype. A normal DROOPING LEAF (DL) gene is necessary for leaf homeotic transformation, which affects midrib and pistil development. Genetic analysis was performed on a new drooping leaf (dl) mutant named dl-6 in rice. The dl-6 allelic mutant exhibited drooping leaves that were severely folded and twisted at the base but had normal flower structure. The dl-6 allele is a nuclear recessive trait that fits a 3:1 Mendelian segregation ratio. The dl-6 mutant leaves displayed an abnormal main vein (midrib-less) with undeveloped aerenchyma and vascular bundles, resulting in severe leaf drooping. The lack of a midrib in dl-6 caused weak mechanical support, which resulted in folding at the collar junction of the leaf base and downward bending. Through genetic mapping, the dl-6 allele was identified at approximately 28.2 cM on rice chromosome 3. The allele was caused by mutations within the DL (LOC_Os03g11600.1) gene, with specific amino acid substitutions and additions in the encoded protein of the YABBY transcription factor. The dl-6 mutant is a recessive allele encoding a dysfunctional YABBY transcription factor that regulates leaf midrib development and aerenchymatous clear cell structures, leading to a drooping leaf phenotype in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Gu Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Sun Lee
- Key Lab of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry, Yunnam Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Geum Sook Do
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-Ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Devendra Pandeya
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Mohammad Nurul Matin
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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15
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Chandra AK, Jha SK, Agarwal P, Mallick N, Niranjana M, Vinod. Leaf rolling in bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is controlled by the upregulation of a pair of closely linked/duplicate zinc finger homeodomain class transcription factors during moisture stress conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1038881. [PMID: 36483949 PMCID: PMC9723156 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1038881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Zinc finger-homeodomain (ZF-HDs) class IV transcriptional factors (TFs) is a plant-specific transcription factor and play a key role in stress responses, plant growth, development, and hormonal signaling. In this study, two new leaf rolling TFs genes, namely TaZHD1 and TaZHD10, were identified in wheat using comparative genomic analysis of the target region that carried a major QTL for leaf rolling identified through multi-environment phenotyping and high throughput genotyping of a RIL population. Structural and functional annotation of the candidate ZHD genes with its closest rice orthologs reflects the species-specific evolution and, undoubtedly, validates the notions of remote-distance homology concept. Meanwhile, the morphological analysis resulted in contrasting difference for leaf rolling in extreme RILs between parental lines HD2012 and NI5439 at booting and heading stages. Transcriptome-wide expression profiling revealed that TaZHD10 transcripts showed significantly higher expression levels than TaZHD1 in all leaf tissues upon drought stress. The relative expression of these genes was further validated by qRT-PCR analysis, which also showed consistent results across the studied genotypes at the booting and anthesis stage. The contrasting modulation of these genes under drought conditions and the available evidenced for its epigenetic behavior that might involve the regulation of metabolic and gene regulatory networks. Prediction of miRNAs resulted in five Tae-miRs that could be associated with RNAi mediated control of TaZHD1 and TaZHD10 putatively involved in the metabolic pathway controlling rolled leaf phenotype. Gene interaction network analysis indicated that TaZHD1 and TaZHD10 showed pleiotropic effects and might also involve other functions in wheat in addition to leaf rolling. Overall, the results increase our understanding of TaZHD genes and provide valuable information as robust candidate genes for future functional genomics research aiming for the breeding of wheat varieties tolerant to leaf rolling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shailendra Kumar Jha
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Vinod
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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16
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Sun W, Wei J, Wu G, Xu H, Chen Y, Yao M, Zhan J, Yan J, Wu N, Chen H, Bu T, Tang Z, Li Q. CqZF-HD14 enhances drought tolerance in quinoa seedlings through interaction with CqHIPP34 and CqNAC79. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 323:111406. [PMID: 35931235 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is a key agricultural problem that restricts plant development and crop yield. Research on quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), a nutrient-rich crop with strong stress resistance, has been limited in terms of the molecular regulation of its adaptation to drought stress. This study identified the zinc finger-homeodomain (ZF-HD) family in quinoa and a drought-responsive Chenopodium quinoa ZF-HD14 (CqZF-HD14) through expression profiles. Transient overexpression of CqZF-HD14 promotes photosynthetic pigment accumulation under drought stress, strengthens the antioxidant system, and in turn enhances drought tolerance. Comprehensive genome-wide family analysis and expression profiling identified CqNAC79 and CqHIPP34 regulated by CqZF-HD14, and their interactions were further determined by bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BIFC). Moreover, physiological and biochemical analyses and transient overexpression also revealed that CqNAC79 and CqHIPP34 resist drought by promoting the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and maintaining antioxidant capacity under drought stress. The synergistic effect of CqZF-HD14 with CqNAC79 or CqHIPP34 further enhanced the drought tolerance of quinoa seedlings. Taken together, the results indicate that CqZF-HD14, CqNAC79 and CqHIPP34 may be important contributors to the drought tolerance regulatory network in quinoa, and these findings add new members to the drought tolerance gene pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Sun
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Jianglan Wei
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Guoming Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Haishen Xu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Min Yao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Junyi Zhan
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210032, China.
| | - Jun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China.
| | - Na Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Tongliang Bu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Zizong Tang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Qingfeng Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
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17
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Yuan Z, Pan J, Chen C, Tang Y, Zhang H, Guo J, Yang X, Chen L, Li C, Zhao K, Wang Q, Yang B, Sun C, Deng X, Wang P. DRB2 Modulates Leaf Rolling by Regulating Accumulation of MicroRNAs Related to Leaf Development in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911147. [PMID: 36232465 PMCID: PMC9570175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important agronomic trait in rice (Oryza sativa), moderate leaf rolling helps to maintain the erectness of leaves and minimize shadowing between leaves, leading to improved photosynthetic efficiency and grain yield. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying rice leaf rolling still need to be elucidated. Here, we isolated a rice mutant, rl89, showing adaxially rolled leaf phenotype due to decreased number and size of bulliform cells. We confirmed that the rl89 phenotypes were caused by a single nucleotide substitution in OsDRB2 (LOC_Os10g33970) gene encoding DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA-BINDING2. This gene was constitutively expressed, and its encoded protein was localized to both nucleus and cytoplasm. Yeast two-hybrid assay showed that OsDRB2 could interact with DICER-LIKE1 (DCL1) and OsDRB1-2 respectively. qRT-PCR analysis of 29 related genes suggested that defects of the OsDRB2-miR166-OsHBs pathway could play an important role in formation of the rolled leaf phenotype of rl89, in which OsDRB2 mutation reduced miR166 accumulation, resulting in elevated expressions of the class III homeodomain-leucine zipper genes (such as OsHB1, 3 and 5) involved in leaf polarity and/or morphology development. Moreover, OsDRB2 mutation also reduced accumulation of miR160, miR319, miR390, and miR396, which could cause the abnormal leaf development in rl89 by regulating expressions of their target genes related to leaf development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jihong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Congping Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yulin Tang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hongshan Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Longfei Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Changhui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaojian Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (X.D.); (P.W.)
| | - Pingrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (X.D.); (P.W.)
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18
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Bollier N, Gonzalez N, Chevalier C, Hernould M. Zinc Finger-Homeodomain and Mini Zinc Finger proteins are key players in plant growth and responses to environmental stresses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4662-4673. [PMID: 35536651 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ZINC FINGER-HOMEODOMAIN (ZHD) protein family is a plant-specific family of transcription factors containing two conserved motifs: a non-canonical C5H3 zinc finger domain (ZF) and a DNA-binding homeodomain (HD). The MINI ZINC FINGER (MIF) proteins belong to this family, but were possibly derived from the ZHDs by losing the HD. Information regarding the function of ZHD and MIF proteins is scarce. However, different studies have shown that ZHD/MIF proteins play important roles not only in plant growth and development, but also in response to environmental stresses, including drought and pathogen attack. Here we review recent advances relative to ZHD/MIF functions in multiple species, to provide new insights into the diverse roles of these transcription factors in plants. Their mechanism of action in relation to their ability to interact with other proteins and DNA is also discussed. We then propose directions for future studies to understand better their important roles and pinpoint strategies for potential applications in crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Bollier
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Christian Chevalier
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Michel Hernould
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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19
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Liu X, Deng XJ, Li CY, Xiao YK, Zhao K, Guo J, Yang XR, Zhang HS, Chen CP, Luo YT, Tang YL, Yang B, Sun CH, Wang PR. Mutation of Protoporphyrinogen IX Oxidase Gene Causes Spotted and Rolled Leaf and Its Overexpression Generates Herbicide Resistance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105781. [PMID: 35628595 PMCID: PMC9146718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protoporphyrinogen IX (Protogen IX) oxidase (PPO) catalyzes the oxidation of Protogen IX to Proto IX. PPO is also the target site for diphenyl ether-type herbicides. In plants, there are two PPO encoding genes, PPO1 and PPO2. To date, no PPO gene or mutant has been characterized in monocotyledonous plants. In this study, we isolated a spotted and rolled leaf (sprl1) mutant in rice (Oryza sativa). The spotted leaf phenotype was sensitive to high light intensity and low temperature, but the rolled leaf phenotype was insensitive. We confirmed that the sprl1 phenotypes were caused by a single nucleotide substitution in the OsPPO1 (LOC_Os01g18320) gene. This gene is constitutively expressed, and its encoded product is localized to the chloroplast. The sprl1 mutant accumulated excess Proto(gen) IX and reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in necrotic lesions. The expressions of 26 genes associated with tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, photosynthesis, ROS accumulation, and rolled leaf were significantly altered in sprl1, demonstrating that these expression changes were coincident with the mutant phenotypes. Importantly, OsPPO1-overexpression transgenic plants were resistant to the herbicides oxyfluorfen and acifluorfen under field conditions, while having no distinct influence on plant growth and grain yield. These finding indicate that the OsPPO1 gene has the potential to engineer herbicide resistance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.L.); (C.-H.S.)
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Xiao-Jian Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.L.); (C.-H.S.)
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
- Correspondence: (X.-J.D.); (P.-R.W.)
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Yong-Kang Xiao
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Ke Zhao
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Jia Guo
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Xiao-Rong Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Hong-Shan Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Cong-Ping Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Ya-Ting Luo
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Yu-Lin Tang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Bin Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Chang-Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.L.); (C.-H.S.)
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Ping-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.L.); (C.-H.S.)
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
- Correspondence: (X.-J.D.); (P.-R.W.)
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20
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Ali Z, Merrium S, Habib-Ur-Rahman M, Hakeem S, Saddique MAB, Sher MA. Wetting mechanism and morphological adaptation; leaf rolling enhancing atmospheric water acquisition in wheat crop-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:30967-30985. [PMID: 35102510 PMCID: PMC9054867 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Several plant species such as grasses are dominant in many habitats including arid and semi-arid areas. These species survive in these regions by developing exclusive structures, which helps in the collection of atmospheric water. Before the collected water evaporates, these structures have unique canopy structure for water transportation that plays an equivalent share in the fog-harvesting mechanism. In this review, the atmospheric gaseous water harvesting mechanisms and their affinity of measurements were discussed. Morphological adaptations and their role in the capturing of atmospheric gaseous water of various species were also discussed. The key factor for the water collection and its conduction in the wheat plant is the information of contact angle hysteresis. In wheat, leaf rolling and its association with wetting property help the plant in water retention. Morphological adaptations, i.e., leaf erectness, grooves, and prickle hairs, also help in the collection and acquisition of water droplets by stem flows in directional guide toward the base of the plant and allow its rapid uptake. Morphological adaptation strengthens the harvesting mechanism by preventing the loss of water through shattering. Thus, wheat canopy architecture can be modified to harvest the atmospheric water and directional movement of water towards the root zone for self-irrigation. Moreover, these morphological adaptations are also linked with drought avoidance and corresponding physiological processes to resist water stress. The combination of these traits together with water use efficiency in wheat contributes to a highly efficient atmospheric water harvesting system that enables the wheat plants to reduce the cost of production. It also increases the yielding potential of the crop in arid and semi-arid environments. Further investigating the ecophysiology and molecular pathways of these morphological adaptations in wheat may have significant applications in varying climatic scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiqar Ali
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan.
| | - Sabah Merrium
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Agronomy, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan.
| | - Sadia Hakeem
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ali Sher
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
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21
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Natukunda MI, Mantilla-Perez MB, Graham MA, Liu P, Salas-Fernandez MG. Dissection of canopy layer-specific genetic control of leaf angle in Sorghum bicolor by RNA sequencing. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:95. [PMID: 35114939 PMCID: PMC8812014 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf angle is an important plant architecture trait, affecting plant density, light interception efficiency, photosynthetic rate, and yield. The "smart canopy" model proposes more vertical leaves in the top plant layers and more horizontal leaves in the lower canopy, maximizing conversion efficiency and photosynthesis. Sorghum leaf arrangement is opposite to that proposed in the "smart canopy" model, indicating the need for improvement. Although leaf angle quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been previously reported, only the Dwarf3 (Dw3) auxin transporter gene, colocalizing with a major-effect QTL on chromosome 7, has been validated. Additionally, the genetic architecture of leaf angle across canopy layers remains to be elucidated. RESULTS This study characterized the canopy-layer specific transcriptome of five sorghum genotypes using RNA sequencing. A set of 284 differentially expressed genes for at least one layer comparison (FDR < 0.05) co-localized with 69 leaf angle QTL and were consistently identified across genotypes. These genes are involved in transmembrane transport, hormone regulation, oxidation-reduction process, response to stimuli, lipid metabolism, and photosynthesis. The most relevant eleven candidate genes for layer-specific angle modification include those homologous to genes controlling leaf angle in rice and maize or genes associated with cell size/expansion, shape, and cell number. CONCLUSIONS Considering the predicted functions of candidate genes, their potential undesirable pleiotropic effects should be further investigated across tissues and developmental stages. Future validation of proposed candidates and exploitation through genetic engineering or gene editing strategies targeted to collar cells will bring researchers closer to the realization of a "smart canopy" sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria B Mantilla-Perez
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Present address: Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, USA
| | - Michelle A Graham
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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22
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Zheng XB, Wu Y, Wang H, Song SW, Bai TH, Jiao J, Song CH, Pang HG, Wang MM. Genome-Wide Investigation of the Zinc Finger-Homeodomain Family Genes Reveals Potential Roles in Apple Fruit Ripening. Front Genet 2022; 12:783482. [PMID: 35111199 PMCID: PMC8802310 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.783482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger-homeodomain (ZF-HD) transcription factors play an important role in the regulation of plant growth and development, as well as the regulation of stress responses. Studies on the ZF-HD family genes have been conducted in many plants, however, the characteristics of this family in apple (Malus domestica) fruit remains to be poorly understood. In this study, we identified nineteen ZF-HD family genes in apple at the whole-genome scale, which were unevenly located on ten chromosomes. These MdZF-HD genes were phylogenetically divided into two subfamilies: zinc finger-homeodomain (ZHD) and MINI ZINC FINGER (MIF), and the ZHD subfamily was further classified into five groups (ZHDI–ZHDV). Analysis of the gene structures showed that most MdZF-HD genes lack introns. Gene expression analysis indicated that nine selected MdZF-HD genes were differentially responsive to 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) treatment during the postharvest storage of “Qinguan” apple fruit. Moreover, the transcripts of six genes were further validated in “Golden Delicious” apple fruit, and five genes (MdZHD1/2/6/10/11) were significantly repressed and one gene (MdZHD7) was slightly induced by ethylene treatment. These results indicated that these six MdZF-HD genes may involve in the regulation of ethylene induced ripening process of postharvest apple fruit. These findings provide new clues for further functional investigation of ZF-HD genes, such as their roles in the regulation of fruit ripening.
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23
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Xu Y, Kong W, Wang F, Wang J, Tao Y, Li W, Chen Z, Fan F, Jiang Y, Zhu Q, Yang J. Heterodimer formed by ROC8 and ROC5 modulates leaf rolling in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:2662-2672. [PMID: 34448351 PMCID: PMC8633501 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Moderately rolled leaf is one of the target traits of the ideal plant architecture in rice breeding. Many genes, including homeodomain leucine zipper IV transcription factors ROC5 and ROC8, regulating rice leaf rolling have been cloned and functionally analysed. However, the molecular mechanism by which these genes modulate leaf-rolling remains largely elusive. In this study, we demonstrated the transcription activation activity of both ROC8 and ROC5. Overexpressing ROC8 caused adaxially rolled leaves due to decreased number and size of bulliform cells, whereas knockout of ROC8 induced abaxially rolled leaves due to increased number and size of bulliform cells. ROC8 and ROC5 each could form homodimer, but ROC8 interacted preferably with ROC5 to forms a heterodimer. Importantly, we showed that the ROC8-ROC5 heterodimer rather than the homodimer of ROC8 or ROC5 was functional as neither overexpressing ROC8 in the ROC5 mutant nor overexpressing ROC5 in the ROC8-knockout line could rescue the mutant phenotype. This was further partially supported by the identification of a large number of common differentially expressed genes in single and double mutants of roc8 and roc5. ROC8 and ROC5 were functionally additive as the phenotype of abaxially rolled leaves was stronger in the roc5roc8 double mutant than in their single mutants. Our results provide evidence for the role of dimerization of ROC members in regulating leaf rolling of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Institute of Food CropsJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Provincial Key Laboratory of AgrobiologyJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Weiyi Kong
- College of Grassland ScienceNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Fangquan Wang
- Institute of Food CropsJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Provincial Key Laboratory of AgrobiologyJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Food CropsJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Provincial Key Laboratory of AgrobiologyJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Yajun Tao
- Institute of Food CropsJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Provincial Key Laboratory of AgrobiologyJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Wenqi Li
- Institute of Food CropsJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Provincial Key Laboratory of AgrobiologyJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Institute of Food CropsJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Provincial Key Laboratory of AgrobiologyJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Fangjun Fan
- Institute of Food CropsJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Provincial Key Laboratory of AgrobiologyJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Yanjie Jiang
- Institute of Food CropsJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Provincial Key Laboratory of AgrobiologyJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | | | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Food CropsJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Provincial Key Laboratory of AgrobiologyJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
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24
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Tan Q, Jiang S, Wang N, Liu X, Zhang X, Wen B, Fang Y, He H, Chen X, Fu X, Li D, Xiao W, Li L. OVATE Family Protein PpOFP1 Physically Interacts With PpZFHD1 and Confers Salt Tolerance to Tomato and Yeast. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:759955. [PMID: 34868154 PMCID: PMC8633955 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.759955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The OVATE family protein (OFP) genes (OFPs) have been shown to respond to salt stress in plants. However, the regulatory mechanism for salt tolerance of the peach (Prunus persica) OFP gene PpOFP1 has not been elucidated. In this study, using yeast two-hybrid screening, we isolated a nucleus-localized ZF-HD_dimer domain protein PpZFHD1, which interacts with the PpOFP1 protein in the peach cultivar "Zhongnongpan No.10". A segmentation experiment further suggested that the interaction happens more specifically between the N-terminal, contains ZF-HD_dimer domain, of PpZFHD1 and the C-terminal, consists of OVATE domain, of PpOFP1. Additionally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) experiments indicate that transcription of these two genes are induced by 200 mmol/L (mM) NaCl treatment. Heterogeneous transformation experiments suggested that the growth status of transformed yeast strain over-expressing each of these two genes was more robust than that of control (CK). Furthermore, transgenic tomato plants over-expressing PpOFP1 were also more robust. They had a higher content of chlorophyll, soluble proteins, soluble sugars, and proline. Activities of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in these plants were higher, and tissues from these plants exhibited a lower relative conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. These results suggest that PpOFP1 physically interacts with PpZFHD1 and confers salt tolerance to tomato and yeast, thus revealing a novel mechanism for regulating salt tolerance in peach and other perennial deciduous trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Tan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Shandong Huayu University of Technology, Dezhou, China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, China
| | - Binbin Wen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, China
| | - Yuhui Fang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, China
| | - Huajie He
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, China
| | - Xiude Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, China
| | - Xiling Fu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, China
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Potential of rice landraces with strong culms as genetic resources for improving lodging resistance against super typhoons. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15780. [PMID: 34349177 PMCID: PMC8339031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally believed that rice landraces with long culms are susceptible to lodging, and have not been utilized for breeding to improve lodging resistance. However, little is known about the structural culm strength of landraces and their beneficial genetic loci. Therefore, in this study, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed using a rice population panel including Japanese rice landraces to identify beneficial loci associated with strong culms. As a result, the landraces were found to have higher structural culm strength and greater diversity than the breeding varieties. Genetic loci associated with strong culms were identified, and it was demonstrated that haplotypes with positive effects of those loci were present in a high proportion of these landraces. These results indicated that the utilization of the strong culm-associated loci present in Japanese rice landraces may further improve the lodging resistance of modern breeding varieties that have relied on semi-dwarfism.
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Xu J, Wang JJ, Xue HW, Zhang GH. Leaf direction: Lamina joint development and environmental responses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2441-2454. [PMID: 33866581 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant architecture plays a major role in canopy photosynthesis and biomass production, and plants adjust their growth (and thus architecture) in response to changing environments. Leaf angle is one of the most important traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant architecture, because leaf angle strongly affects leaf direction and rice production, with more-erect leaves being advantageous for high-density plantings. The degree of leaf bending depends on the morphology of the lamina joint, which connects the leaf and the sheath. In this review, we discuss cell morphology in different lamina joint tissues and describe the underlying genetic network that governs this morphology and thus regulates leaf direction. Furthermore, we focus on the mechanism by how environmental factors influence rice leaf angle. Our review provides a theoretical framework for the future genetic improvement of rice leaf orientation and plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Wei Xue
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
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Genetic dissection of heterosis of indica-japonica by introgression line, recombinant inbred line and their testcross populations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10265. [PMID: 33986411 PMCID: PMC8119717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89691-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful implementation of heterosis in rice has significantly enhanced rice productivity, but the genetic basis of heterosis in rice remains unclear. To understand the genetic basis of heterosis in rice, main-effect and epistatic quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with heterosis for grain yield-related traits in the four related rice mapping populations derived from Xiushui09 (XS09) (japonica) and IR2061 (indica), were dissected using single nucleotide polymorphism bin maps and replicated phenotyping experiments under two locations. Most mid-parent heterosis of testcross F1s (TCF1s) of XS09 background introgression lines (XSILs) with Peiai64S were significantly higher than those of TCF1s of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) with PA64S at two locations, suggesting that the effects of heterosis was influenced by the proportion of introgression of IR2061’s genome into XS09 background. A total of 81 main-effect QTLs (M-QTLs) and 41 epistatic QTLs were identified for the phenotypic variations of four traits of RILs and XSILs, TCF1s and absolute mid-parent heterosis in two locations. Furthermore, overdominance and underdominance were detected to play predominant effects on most traits in this study, suggesting overdominance and underdominance as well as epistasis are the main genetic bases of heterosis in rice. Some M-QTLs exhibiting positive overdominance effects such as qPN1.2, qPN1.5 and qPN4.3 for increased panicle number per plant, qGYP9 and qGYP12.1 for increased grain yield per plant, and qTGW3.4 and qTGW8.2 for enhanced 1000-grain weight would be highly valuable for breeding to enhance grain yield of hybrid rice by marker-assisted selection.
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Meng B, Wang T, Luo Y, Xu D, Li L, Diao Y, Gao Z, Hu Z, Zheng X. Genome-Wide Association Study Identified Novel Candidate Loci/Genes Affecting Lodging Resistance in Rice. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:718. [PMID: 34064770 PMCID: PMC8151605 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lodging reduces rice yield, but increasing lodging resistance (LR) usually limits yield potential. Stem strength and leaf type are major traits related to LR and yield, respectively. Hence, understanding the genetic basis of stem strength and leaf type is of help to reduce lodging and increase yield in LR breeding. Here, we carried out an association analysis to identify quantitative trait locus (QTLs) affecting stem strength-related traits (internode length/IL, stem wall thickness/SWT, stem outer diameter/SOD, and stem inner diameter/SID) and leaf type-associated traits (Flag leaf length/FLL, Flag leaf angle/FLA, Flag leaf width/FLW, leaf-rolling/LFR and SPAD/Soil, and plant analyzer development) using a diverse panel of 550 accessions and evaluated over two years. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 4,076,837 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified 89 QTLs for the nine traits. Next, through "gene-based association analysis, haplotype analysis, and functional annotation", the scope was narrowed down step by step. Finally, we identified 21 candidate genes in 9 important QTLs that included four reported genes (TUT1, OsCCC1, CFL1, and ACL-D), and seventeen novel candidate genes. Introgression of alleles, which are beneficial for both stem strength and leaf type, or pyramiding stem strength alleles and leaf type alleles, can be employed for LR breeding. All in all, the experimental data and the identified candidate genes in this study provide a useful reference for the genetic improvement of rice LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Lotus Engineering Center, College of life sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (B.M.); (T.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Z.G.)
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Lotus Engineering Center, College of life sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (B.M.); (T.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Z.G.)
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Lotus Engineering Center, College of life sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (B.M.); (T.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Z.G.)
| | - Deze Xu
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China;
| | - Lanzhi Li
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Ying Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Lotus Engineering Center, College of life sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (B.M.); (T.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhiyong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Lotus Engineering Center, College of life sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (B.M.); (T.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhongli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Lotus Engineering Center, College of life sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (B.M.); (T.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Z.G.)
| | - Xingfei Zheng
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China;
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Fang J, Guo T, Xie Z, Chun Y, Zhao J, Peng L, Zafar SA, Yuan S, Xiao L, Li X. The URL1-ROC5-TPL2 transcriptional repressor complex represses the ACL1 gene to modulate leaf rolling in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1722-1744. [PMID: 33793928 PMCID: PMC8133684 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Moderate leaf rolling is beneficial for leaf erectness and compact plant architecture. However, our understanding regarding the molecular mechanisms of leaf rolling is still limited. Here, we characterized a semi-dominant rice (Oryza sativa L.) mutant upward rolled leaf 1 (Url1) showing adaxially rolled leaves due to a decrease in the number and size of bulliform cells. Map-based cloning revealed that URL1 encodes the homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) IV family member RICE OUTERMOST CELL-SPECIFIC 8 (ROC8). A single-base substitution in one of the two conserved complementary motifs unique to the 3'-untranslated region of this family enhanced URL1 mRNA stability and abundance in the Url1 mutant. URL1 (UPWARD ROLLED LEAF1) contains an ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression motif and functions as a transcriptional repressor via interaction with the TOPLESS co-repressor OsTPL2. Rather than homodimerizing, URL1 heterodimerizes with another HD-ZIP IV member ROC5. URL1 could bind directly to the promoter and suppress the expression of abaxially curled leaf 1 (ACL1), a positive regulator of bulliform cell development. Knockout of OsTPL2 or ROC5 or overexpression of ACL1 in the Url1 mutant partially suppressed the leaf-rolling phenotype. Our results reveal a regulatory network whereby a transcriptional repression complex composed of URL1, ROC5, and the transcriptional corepressor TPL2 suppresses the expression of the ACL1 gene, thus modulating bulliform cell development and leaf rolling in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Fang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
| | - Zhiwei Xie
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan Chun
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lixiang Peng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Syed Adeel Zafar
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shoujiang Yuan
- Shandong Rice Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Langtao Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xueyong Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhu X, Wang X, Zhu Z, Li Y, Xie J, Xiong Y, Yang Z, He G, Sang X. Curled Flag Leaf 2, Encoding a Cytochrome P450 Protein, Regulated by the Transcription Factor Roc5, Influences Flag Leaf Development in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:616977. [PMID: 33643332 PMCID: PMC7907467 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.616977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Moderate curling generally causes upright leaf blades, which favors the establishment of ideal plant architecture and increases the photosynthetic efficiency of the population, both of which are desirable traits for super hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, we identified a novel curled-leaf mutant, curled flag leaf 2 (cfl2), which shows specific curling at the base of the flag leaf owing to abnormal epidermal development, caused by enlarged bulliform cells and increased number of papillae with the disordered distribution. Map-based cloning reveals that CFL2 encodes a cytochrome P450 protein and corresponds to the previously reported OsCYP96B4. CFL2 was expressed in all analyzed tissues with differential abundance and was downregulated in the clf1 mutant [a mutant harbors a mutation in the homeodomain leucine zipper IV (HD-ZIP IV) transcription factor Roc5]. Yeast one-hybrid and transient expression assays confirm that Roc5 could directly bind to the cis-element L1 box in the promoter of CFL2 before activating CFL2 expression. RNA sequencing reveals that genes associated with cellulose biosynthesis and cell wall-related processes were significantly upregulated in the cfl2 mutant. The components of cell wall, such as lignin, cellulose, and some kinds of monosaccharide, were altered dramatically in the cfl2 mutant when compared with wild-type "Jinhui10" (WT). Taken together, CFL2, as a target gene of Roc5, plays an important role in the regulation of flag leaf shape by influencing epidermis and cell wall development.
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31
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Lai W, Zhu C, Hu Z, Liu S, Wu H, Zhou Y. Identification and Transcriptional Analysis of Zinc Finger-Homeodomain (ZF-HD) Family Genes in Cucumber. Biochem Genet 2021; 59:884-901. [PMID: 33554320 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10036-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc finger-homeodomain (ZF-HD) proteins encode a family of plant-specific transcription factors that play essential roles in regulating plant growth and development as well as responses to abiotic/biotic stresses by activating or repressing the target genes. In this study, genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of the ZF-HD gene family in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) were performed for the first time. By using bioinformatics approaches, a total of 13 ZF-HD genes (designated as CsMIF1-CsMIF3 and CsZHD1-CsZHD10) were identified in the cucumber genome, which were unevenly distributed on six chromosomes. According to the phylogenetic analysis of cucumber and other species, they were divided into two distinct families, MINI ZINC FINGER (MIF) and zinc finger-homeodomain (ZHD), and the ZHD family was further divided into six subfamilies (ZHDI-ZHDVI). CsZF-HD members were mostly conserved in each subfamily with minor variations in motif distribution, and gene structure analysis showed that the CsZF-HD genes had only one intron or no intron at all. Expression analysis showed that most CsZF-HD genes had tissue-specific expression patterns, and some of them exhibited highly variable expression during fruit development. qRT-PCR results indicated that the selected CsZF-HD genes were responsive to drought stress, and some of them were differentially expressed in response to the inoculation of powdery mildew (PM) and downy mildew (DM) based on publicly available RNA-seq data. The results lay the foundation for further functional analysis of the ZF-HD genes and explore their potential application to the improvement of stress tolerance in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lai
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.,College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Chuxia Zhu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Zhaoyang Hu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Shiqiang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Henry Fok College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, China.
| | - Yong Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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QTL detection and putative candidate gene prediction for leaf rolling under moisture stress condition in wheat. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18696. [PMID: 33122772 PMCID: PMC7596552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75703-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf rolling is an important mechanism to mitigate the effects of moisture stress in several plant species. In the present study, a set of 92 wheat recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross between NI5439 × HD2012 were used to identify QTLs associated with leaf rolling under moisture stress condition. Linkage map was constructed using Axiom 35 K Breeder’s SNP Array and microsatellite (SSR) markers. A linkage map with 3661 markers comprising 3589 SNP and 72 SSR markers spanning 22,275.01 cM in length across 21 wheat chromosomes was constructed. QTL analysis for leaf rolling trait under moisture stress condition revealed 12 QTLs on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 4A, 4B, 5D, and 6B. A stable QTL Qlr.nhv-5D.2 was identified on 5D chromosome flanked by SNP marker interval AX-94892575–AX-95124447 (5D:338665301–5D:410952987). Genetic and physical map integration in the confidence intervals of Qlr.nhv-5D.2 revealed 14 putative candidate genes for drought tolerance which was narrowed down to six genes based on in-silico analysis. Comparative study of leaf rolling genes in rice viz., NRL1, OsZHD1, Roc5, and OsHB3 on wheat genome revealed five genes on chromosome 5D. Out of the identified genes, TraesCS5D02G253100 falls exactly in the QTL Qlr.nhv-5D.2 interval and showed 96.9% identity with OsZHD1. Two genes similar to OsHB3 viz. TraesCS5D02G052300 and TraesCS5D02G385300 exhibiting 85.6% and 91.8% identity; one gene TraesCS5D02G320600 having 83.9% identity with Roc5 gene; and one gene TraesCS5D02G102600 showing 100% identity with NRL1 gene were also identified, however, these genes are located outside Qlr.nhv-5D.2 interval. Hence, TraesCS5D02G253100 could be the best potential candidate gene for leaf rolling and can be utilized for improving drought tolerance in wheat.
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Yoon J, Cho LH, Yang W, Pasriga R, Wu Y, Hong WJ, Bureau C, Wi SJ, Zhang T, Wang R, Zhang D, Jung KH, Park KY, Périn C, Zhao Y, An G. Homeobox transcription factor OsZHD2 promotes root meristem activity in rice by inducing ethylene biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5348-5364. [PMID: 32449922 PMCID: PMC7501826 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Root meristem activity is the most critical process influencing root development. Although several factors that regulate meristem activity have been identified in rice, studies on the enhancement of meristem activity in roots are limited. We identified a T-DNA activation tagging line of a zinc-finger homeobox gene, OsZHD2, which has longer seminal and lateral roots due to increased meristem activity. The phenotypes were confirmed in transgenic plants overexpressing OsZHD2. In addition, the overexpressing plants showed enhanced grain yield under low nutrient and paddy field conditions. OsZHD2 was preferentially expressed in the shoot apical meristem and root tips. Transcriptome analyses and quantitative real-time PCR experiments on roots from the activation tagging line and the wild type showed that genes for ethylene biosynthesis were up-regulated in the activation line. Ethylene levels were higher in the activation lines compared with the wild type. ChIP assay results suggested that OsZHD2 induces ethylene biosynthesis by controlling ACS5 directly. Treatment with ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid), an ethylene precursor, induced the expression of the DR5 reporter at the root tip and stele, whereas treatment with an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, AVG (aminoethoxyvinylglycine), decreased that expression in both the wild type and the OsZHD2 overexpression line. These observations suggest that OsZHD2 enhances root meristem activity by influencing ethylene biosynthesis and, in turn, auxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmi Yoon
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Lae-Hyeon Cho
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Wenzhu Yang
- Department of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Richa Pasriga
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Yunfei Wu
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Woo-Jong Hong
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Charlotte Bureau
- Agricultural Research Centre For International Development, Paris, France
| | - Soo Jin Wi
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Chonnam, Korea
| | - Tao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongchen Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University–University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Ky Young Park
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Chonnam, Korea
| | - Christophe Périn
- Agricultural Research Centre For International Development, Paris, France
| | - Yunde Zhao
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gynheung An
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
- Correspondence:
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The DROOPING LEAF (DR) gene encoding GDSL esterase is involved in silica deposition in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238887. [PMID: 32913358 PMCID: PMC7482962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf morphology is one of the most important agronomic traits in rice breeding because of its contribution to crop yield. The drooping leaf (dr) mutant was developed from the Ilpum rice cultivar by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis. Compared with the wild type, dr plants exhibited drooping leaves accompanied by a small midrib, short panicle, and reduced plant height. The phenotype of the dr plant was caused by a mutation within a single recessive gene on chromosome 2, dr (LOC_Os02g15230), which encodes a GDSL esterase. Analysis of wild-type and dr sequences revealed that the dr allele carried a single nucleotide substitution, glycine to aspartic acid. RNAi targeted to LOC_Os02g15230 produced same phenotypes to the dr mutation, confirming LOC_Os02g15230 as the dr gene. Microscopic observations and plant nutrient analysis of SiO2 revealed that silica was less abundant in dr leaves than in wild-type leaves. This study suggests that the dr gene is involved in the regulation of silica deposition and that disruption of silica processes lead to drooping leaf phenotypes.
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CRISPR/Cas9-Induced Mutagenesis of Semi-Rolled Leaf1,2 Confers Curled Leaf Phenotype and Drought Tolerance by Influencing Protein Expression Patterns and ROS Scavenging in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9110728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Rice leaf morphology is an essential agronomic trait to develop drought-tolerant genotypes for adequate and stable crop production in drought-prone areas. Here, rolled leaf mutant plants were acquired by CRISPR/Cas9-based mutagenesis of Semi-rolled leaf1,2 (SRL1 and SRL2) genes, and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) based proteomic analysis was performed to analyze the subsequent proteomic regulation events. Homozygous mutants exhibit decreased chlorophyll content, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, vascular bundles (VB), stomatal number, and agronomic traits with increased panicle number and bulliform cells (BCs). Under drought stress, mutant plants displayed lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content while higher survival rate, abscisic acid (ABA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, and grain filling percentage compare with their wild type (WT). Proteomic results revealed that 270 proteins were significantly downregulated, and 107 proteins were upregulated in the mutant line compared with WT. Proteins related to lateral organ boundaries’ (LOB) domain (LBD) were downregulated, whereas abiotic stress-responsive proteins were upregulated in the CRISPR mutant. LBD proteins (Q5KQR7, Q6K713, Q7XGL4, Q8LQH4), probable indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase (Q60EJ6), putative auxin transporter-like protein 4 (Q53JG7), Monoculm 1 (Q84MM9) and AP2 (Apetala2) domain-containing protein (Q10A97) were found to be hub-proteins. The hybrids developed from mutant restorers showed a semi-rolled leaf phenotype with increased panicle number, grain number per panicle, and yield per plant. Our findings reveal the intrinsic value of genome editing and expand the knowledge about the network of proteins for leaf rolling and drought avoidance in rice.
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Gao L, Yang G, Li Y, Fan N, Li H, Zhang M, Xu R, Zhang M, Zhao A, Ni Z, Zhang Y. Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of a QTL associated with leaf rolling index on chromosome 4 of maize (Zea mays L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:3047-3062. [PMID: 31399756 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03405-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
One QTL qLRI4 controlling leaf rolling index on chromosome 4 was finely mapped, and ZmOCL5, a member of the HD-Zip class IV genes, is likely a candidate. Leaf rolling is an important agronomic trait related to plant architecture that can change the light condition and photosynthetic efficiency of the population. Here, we isolated one EMS-induced mutant in Chang7-2 background with extreme abaxial rolling leaf, named abrl1. Histological analysis showed that the increased number and area of bulliform cells may contribute to abaxial rolling leaf in abrl1. The F2 and F2:3 populations derived from Wu9086 with flat leaves and abrl1 were developed to map abrl1. Non-Mendelian segregation of phenotypic variation was observed in these populations and five genomic regions controlling the leaf rolling index (LRI) were identified, which could be due to the phenotypic difference between Chang7-2 and Wu9086. Moreover, one major QTL qLRI4 on chromosome 4 was further validated and finely mapped to a genetic interval between InDel13 and InDel10, with a physical distance of approximately 277 kb using NIL populations, among which one 602-bp insertion was identified in the promoter region of HD-Zip class IV gene Zm00001d049443 (named as ZmOCL5) of abrl1 compared with wild-type Chang7-2. Remarkably, the 602-bp InDel was associated with LRI in an F2 population developed by crossing abrl1 mutant and its wild-type. In addition, the 602-bp insertion increased ZmOCL5 promoter activity and expression. Haplotype analysis demonstrated that the 602-bp insertion was a rare mutation event. Taken together, we propose that the rolled leaf in the abrl1 mutant may be partially attributed to the 602-bp insertion, which may be an attractive target for the genetic improvement of LRI in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guanghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Nannan Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Maize Improvement Centre of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruibin Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingyi Zhang
- Dryland Agricultural Research Centre, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Aiju Zhao
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Hebei Crop Genetic Breeding Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yirong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- National Maize Improvement Centre of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Xiao Y, You S, Kong W, Tang Q, Bai W, Cai Y, Zheng H, Wang C, Jiang L, Wang C, Zhao Z, Wan J. A GARP transcription factor anther dehiscence defected 1 (OsADD1) regulates rice anther dehiscence. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 101:403-414. [PMID: 31420780 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00911-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Anther dehiscence, one of the essential steps in pollination and double fertilization, is regulated by a complex signaling pathway encompassing hormones and environmental factors. However, key components underlying the signaling pathway that regulate anther dehiscence remain largely elusive. Here, we isolated a rice mutant anther dehiscence defected 1 (Osadd1) that exhibited defects in anther dehiscence and glume open. Map-based cloning revealed that OsADD1 encoded a GARP (Golden2, ARR-B and Psr1) transcription factor. Sequence analysis showed that a single base deletion in Osadd1 mutant resulted in pre-termination of the GARP domain. OsADD1 was constitutively expressed in various tissues, with more abundance in the panicles. The major genes associated with anther dehiscence were affected in the Osadd1 mutant, and the expression level of the cellulose synthase-like D sub-family 4 (OsCSLD4) was significantly decreased. We demonstrate that OsADD1 regulated the expression of OsCSLD4 by binding to its promoter, and affects rice anther dehiscence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjia Xiao
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shimin You
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weiyi Kong
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qianying Tang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenting Bai
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yue Cai
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hai Zheng
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chaolong Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Zhang Y, Ji A, Xu Z, Luo H, Song J. The AP2/ERF transcription factor SmERF128 positively regulates diterpenoid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:83-93. [PMID: 30847712 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00845-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The novel AP2/ERF transcription factor SmERF128 positively regulates diterpenoid tanshinone biosynthesis by activating the expression of SmCPS1, SmKSL1, and SmCYP76AH1 in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Certain members of the APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF) family regulate plant secondary metabolism. Although it is clearly documented that AP2/ERF transcription factors (TFs) are involved in sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis, the regulation of diterpenoid biosynthesis by AP2/ERF TFs remains elusive. Here, we report that the novel AP2/ERF TF SmERF128 positively regulates diterpenoid tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Overexpression of SmERF128 increased the expression levels of copalyl diphosphate synthase 1 (SmCPS1), kaurene synthase-like 1 (SmKSL1) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 76AH1 (SmCYP76AH1), whereas their expression levels were decreased when SmERF128 was silenced. Accordingly, the content of tanshinone was reduced in SmERF128 RNA interference (RNAi) hairy roots and dramatically increased in SmERF128 overexpression hairy roots, as demonstrated through Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Furthermore, SmERF128 activated the expression of SmCPS1, SmKSL1, and SmCYP76AH1 by binding to the GCC box, and to the CRTDREHVCBF2 (CBF2) and RAV1AAT (RAA) motifs within their promoters during in vivo and in vitro assays. Our findings not only reveal the molecular basis of how the AP2/ERF transcription factor SmERF128 regulates diterpenoid biosynthesis, but also provide useful information for improving tanshinone production through genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Aijia Ji
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongmei Luo
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingyuan Song
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong, 666100, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Fu X, Xu J, Zhou M, Chen M, Shen L, Li T, Zhu Y, Wang J, Hu J, Zhu L, Gao Z, Dong G, Guo L, Ren D, Chen G, Lin J, Qian Q, Zhang G. Enhanced Expression of QTL qLL9/DEP1 Facilitates the Improvement of Leaf Morphology and Grain Yield in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E866. [PMID: 30781568 PMCID: PMC6412340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In molecular breeding of super rice, it is essential to isolate the best quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes of leaf shape and explore yield potential using large germplasm collections and genetic populations. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was used, which was derived from a cross between the following parental lines: hybrid rice Chunyou84, that is, japonica maintainer line Chunjiang16B (CJ16); and indica restorer line Chunhui 84 (C84) with remarkable leaf morphological differences. QTLs mapping of leaf shape traits was analyzed at the heading stage under different environmental conditions in Hainan (HN) and Hangzhou (HZ). A major QTL qLL9 for leaf length was detected and its function was studied using a population derived from a single residual heterozygote (RH), which was identified in the original population. qLL9 was delimitated to a 16.17 kb region flanked by molecular markers C-1640 and C-1642, which contained three open reading frames (ORFs). We found that the candidate gene for qLL9 is allelic to DEP1 using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), sequence comparison, and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated Cas9 nuclease (CRISPR/Cas9) genome editing techniques. To identify the effect of qLL9 on yield, leaf shape and grain traits were measured in near isogenic lines (NILs) NIL-qLL9CJ16 and NIL-qLL9C84, as well as a chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) CSSL-qLL9KASA with a Kasalath introgressed segment covering qLL9 in the Wuyunjing (WYJ) 7 backgrounds. Our results showed that the flag leaf lengths of NIL-qLL9C84 and CSSL-qLL9KASA were significantly different from those of NIL-qLL9CJ16 and WYJ 7, respectively. Compared with NIL-qLL9CJ16, the spike length, grain size, and thousand-grain weight of NIL-qLL9C84 were significantly higher, resulting in a significant increase in yield of 15.08%. Exploring and pyramiding beneficial genes resembling qLL9C84 for super rice breeding could increase both the source (e.g., leaf length and leaf area) and the sink (e.g., yield traits). This study provides a foundation for future investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the source⁻sink balance and high-yield potential of rice, benefiting high-yield molecular design breeding for global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Mengyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Minmin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Lan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Yuchen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Jiajia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Guojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Deyong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Guang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Jianrong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Guangheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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Rong F, Chen F, Huang L, Zhang J, Zhang C, Hou D, Cheng Z, Weng Y, Chen P, Li Y. A mutation in class III homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP III) transcription factor results in curly leaf (cul) in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:113-123. [PMID: 30334067 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We identified two curly-leaf (cul) mutants in cucumber. Map-based cloning revealed that both mutants are due to allelic mutations in the CsPHB gene, a homolog of the Arabidopsis PHABULOSA which encodes a class III homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP III) transcription factor. Leaf rolling is an important agronomic trait in crop breeding. Moderate leaf rolling minimizes shadowing between leaves, leading to improved photosynthetic efficiency. Although a number of genes controlling rolled leaf have been identified from rice and other plant species, none have been mapped or cloned in cucurbit crops. In this study, we identified and characterized two curly leaf (cul) mutants, cul-1 and cul-2 in cucumber. With map-based cloning, we show that cul-1 and cul-2 are allelic mutations and CsPHB (Csa6G525430) was the candidate gene for both mutants. The CsPHB gene encoded a class III homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP III) transcription factor. A single non-synonymous mutation in the fourth and fifth exons of the CsPHB was responsible for the cul-1 and cul-2 mutant phenotypes, respectively. The single-nucleotide substitutions in cul-1 and cul-2 were both located in cs-miRNA165/166 complementary sites of CsPHB. The expression level of CsPHB gene in multiple organs of cul-1 and cul-2 mutants was higher than that in the wild type, while the expression of cs-miRNA165/166 in the two genotypes showed the opposite trend. We speculate that disruption of the binding between the mutant allele of CsPHB and cs-miRNA165/166 leads to the curly-leaf phenotype. This is the first report to clone and characterize the CsPHB gene in the family Cucurbitaceae. Taken together, these results support CsPHB as an important player in the modulation of leaf shape development in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxi Rong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Feifan Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Huang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Chaowen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Dong Hou
- Vegetable Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 730070, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Vegetable Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yuhong Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shanxi, China.
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Chen W, Sheng Z, Cai Y, Li Q, Wei X, Xie L, Jiao G, Shao G, Tang S, Wang J, Hu P. Rice Morphogenesis and Chlorophyll Accumulation Is Regulated by the Protein Encoded by NRL3 and Its Interaction With NAL9. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:175. [PMID: 30838015 PMCID: PMC6390494 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rice yield is closely related to plant leaf shape and chlorophyll content. In this study, we isolated and identified a narrow and rolled leaf mutant, temporarily named nrl3 with darker green leaves. Histological analysis showed that nrl3 has a reduced number of vascular bundles and undergoes abnormal abaxial sclerenchymatous cell differentiation. The NRL3 mutant phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene, fine-mapped to a 221 kb interval between Indel3 and RM2322 on Chr3. There are 42 ORF in this interval. Sequencing identified an SNP mutant leading to a premature stop in ORF 18, the candidate gene. Bioinformation analysis indicated that NRL3 encodes a novel protein with unknown function. NRL3 is localized in cytoplasm, membrane and nucleus. Expression analysis of nrl3 showed that genes involved in chlorophyll synthesis were significantly up-regulated while those involved in chlorophyll degradation and programmed cell death (PCD) were significantly down-regulated. The expression levels of photosynthesis genes were also affected. Y2H and BIFC assays indicated that NRL3 interacts directly with NAL9/VYL to regulate leaf morphology in rice. Thus, NRL3 plays an important role in leaf morphogenesis and chlorophyll accumulation, and can be used as a new gene resource for constructing improved rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Southern Grain and Oil Crops, Agricultural College of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhonghua Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yicong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianlong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Southern Grain and Oil Crops, Agricultural College of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangjin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guiai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gaoneng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Southern Grain and Oil Crops, Agricultural College of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jianlong Wang, Peisong Hu,
| | - Peisong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Southern Grain and Oil Crops, Agricultural College of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jianlong Wang, Peisong Hu,
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Li WQ, Zhang MJ, Gan PF, Qiao L, Yang SQ, Miao H, Wang GF, Zhang MM, Liu WT, Li HF, Shi CH, Chen KM. CLD1/SRL1 modulates leaf rolling by affecting cell wall formation, epidermis integrity and water homeostasis in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:904-923. [PMID: 28960566 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leaf rolling is considered as one of the most important agronomic traits in rice breeding. It has been previously reported that SEMI-ROLLED LEAF 1 (SRL1) modulates leaf rolling by regulating the formation of bulliform cells in rice (Oryza sativa); however, the regulatory mechanism underlying SRL1 has yet to be further elucidated. Here, we report the functional characterization of a novel leaf-rolling mutant, curled leaf and dwarf 1 (cld1), with multiple morphological defects. Map-based cloning revealed that CLD1 is allelic with SRL1, and loses function in cld1 through DNA methylation. CLD1/SRL1 encodes a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane protein that modulates leaf rolling and other aspects of rice growth and development. The cld1 mutant exhibits significant decreases in cellulose and lignin contents in secondary cell walls of leaves, indicating that the loss of function of CLD1/SRL1 affects cell wall formation. Furthermore, the loss of CLD1/SRL1 function leads to defective leaf epidermis such as bulliform-like epidermal cells. The defects in leaf epidermis decrease the water-retaining capacity and lead to water deficits in cld1 leaves, which contribute to the main cause of leaf rolling. As a result of the more rapid water loss and lower water content in leaves, cld1 exhibits reduced drought tolerance. Accordingly, the loss of CLD1/SRL1 function causes abnormal expression of genes and proteins associated with cell wall formation, cuticle development and water stress. Taken together, these findings suggest that the functional roles of CLD1/SRL1 in leaf-rolling regulation are closely related to the maintenance of cell wall formation, epidermal integrity and water homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min-Juan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng-Fei Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuai-Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hai Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mao-Mao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hai-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chun-Hai Shi
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Zhu Q, Yu S, Chen G, Ke L, Pan D. Analysis of the differential gene and protein expression profile of the rolled leaf mutant of transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181378. [PMID: 28723953 PMCID: PMC5517006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of leaf rolling in rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been widely recognized. Although several studies have investigated rice leaf rolling and identified some related genes, knowledge of the molecular mechanism underlying rice leaf rolling, especially outward leaf rolling, is limited. Therefore, in this study, differential proteomics and gene expression profiling were used to analyze rolled leaf mutant of transgenic rice in order to investigate differentially expressed genes and proteins related to rice leaf rolling. To this end, 28 differentially expressed proteins related to rolling leaf traits were isolated and identified. Digital expression profiling detected 10 genes related to rice leaf rolling. Some of the proteins and genes detected are involved in lipid metabolism, which is related to the development of bulliform cells, such as phosphoinositide phospholipase C, Mgll gene, and At4g26790 gene. The “omics”-level techniques were useful for simultaneously isolating several proteins and genes related to rice leaf rolling. In addition, the results of the analysis of differentially expressed proteins and genes were closely consistent with those from a corresponding functional analysis of cellular mechanisms; our study findings might form the basis for further research on the molecular mechanisms underlying rice leaf rolling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqiang Zhu
- Department of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forest University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuguang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guanshui Chen
- Department of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forest University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lanlan Ke
- Department of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forest University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Daren Pan
- Department of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forest University, Fuzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Ma Y, Zhao Y, Shangguan X, Shi S, Zeng Y, Wu Y, Chen R, You A, Zhu L, Du B, He G. Overexpression of OsRRK1 Changes Leaf Morphology and Defense to Insect in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1783. [PMID: 29114253 PMCID: PMC5660730 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) regulate many biological processes in plants, but only a few members have been functionally characterized. Here, we isolated a rice gene encoding AtRRK1 homology protein kinase, OsRRK1, which belongs to the RLCK VI subfamily. OsRRK1 transcript accumulated in many tissues at low to moderate levels and at high levels in leaves. Overexpression of OsRRK1 (OE-OsRRK1) caused adaxial rolling and erect morphology of rice leaves. In the rolled leaves of OE-OsRRK1 plants, both the number and the size of the bulliform cells are decreased compared to the wild-type (WT) plants. Moreover, the height, tiller number, and seed setting rate were reduced in OE-OsRRK1 plants. In addition, the brown planthopper (BPH), a devastating pest of rice, preferred to settle on WT plants than on the OE-OsRRK1 plants in a two-host choice test, indicating that OE-OsRRK1 conferred an antixenosis resistance to BPH. The analysis of transcriptome sequencing demonstrated that several receptor kinases and transcription factors were differentially expressed in OE-OsRRK1 plants and WT plants. These results indicated that OsRRK1 may play multiple roles in the development and defense of rice, which may facilitate the breeding of novel rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinxin Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaojie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aiqing You
- Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Guangcun He, Bo Du,
| | - Guangcun He
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Guangcun He, Bo Du,
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Yang SQ, Li WQ, Miao H, Gan PF, Qiao L, Chang YL, Shi CH, Chen KM. REL2, A Gene Encoding An Unknown Function Protein which Contains DUF630 and DUF632 Domains Controls Leaf Rolling in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 9:37. [PMID: 27473144 PMCID: PMC4967057 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-016-0105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice leaves are important energy source for the whole plant. An optimal structure will be beneficial for rice leaves to capture light energy and exchange gas, thus increasing the yield of rice. Moderate leaf rolling and relatively erect plant architecture may contribute to high yield of rice, but the relevant molecular mechanism remains unclear. RESULTS In this study, we identified and characterized a rolling and erect leaf mutant in rice and named it as rel2. Histological analysis showed that the rel2 mutant has increased number of bulliform cells and reduced size of middle bulliform cells. We firstly mapped REL2 to a 35-kb physical region of chromosome 10 by map-based cloning strategy. Further analysis revealed that REL2 encodes a protein containing DUF630 and DUF632 domains. In rel2 mutant, the mutation of two nucleotide substitutions in DUF630 domain led to the loss-of-function of REL2 locus and the function of REL2 could be confirmed by complementary expression of REL2 in rel2 mutant. Further studies showed that REL2 protein is mainly distributed along the plasma membrane of cells and the REL2 gene is relatively higher expressed in younger leaves of rice. The results from quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that REL2 functioning in the leaf shape formation might have functional linkage with many genes associated with the bulliform cells development, auxin synthesis and transport, etc. CONCLUSIONS REL2 is the DUF domains contained protein which involves in the control of leaf rolling in rice. It is the plasma membrane localization and its functions in the control of leaf morphology might involve in multiple biological processes such as bulliform cell development and auxin synthesis and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Li Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hai Shi
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
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Li YY, Shen A, Xiong W, Sun QL, Luo Q, Song T, Li ZL, Luan WJ. Overexpression of OsHox32 Results in Pleiotropic Effects on Plant Type Architecture and Leaf Development in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 9:46. [PMID: 27624698 PMCID: PMC5021653 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-016-0118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Class III homeodomain Leu zipper (HD-Zip III) gene family plays important roles in plant growth and development. Here, we analyze the function of OsHox32, an HD-Zip III family member, and show that it exhibits pleiotropic effects on regulating plant type architecture and leaf development in rice. RESULTS Transgenic lines overexpressing OsHox32 (OsHox32-OV) produce narrow leaves that roll towards the adaxial side. Histological analysis revealed a decreased number of bulliform cells in OsHox32-OV lines. In addition, the angle between the leaf and culm was reduced, resulting in an erect plant phenotype. The height of the plants was reduced, resulting in a semi-dwarf phenotype. In addition, the chlorophyll level was reduced, resulting in a decrease in the photosynthetic rate, but water use efficiency was significantly improved, presumably due to the rolled leaf phenotype. OsHox32 exhibited constitutive expression in different organs, with higher mRNA levels in the stem, leaf sheath, shoot apical meristems and young roots, suggesting a role in plant-type and leaf development. Moreover, OsHox32 mRNA levels were higher in light and lower in the dark under both long-day and short-day conditions, indicating that OsHox32 may be associated with light regulation. Photosynthesis-associated and chlorophyll biosynthesis-associated genes were down-regulated to result in the reduction of photosynthetic capacity in OsHox32-OV lines. mRNA level of six rice YABBY genes is up-regulated or down-regulated by OsHox32, suggesting that OsHox32 may regulate the architecture of plant type and leaf development by controlling the expression of YABBY genes in rice. In addition, OsHox32 mRNA level was induced by the phytohormones, indicating that OsHox32 may be involved in phytohormones regulatory pathways. CONCLUSIONS OsHox32, an HD-Zip III family member, plays pleiotropic effects on plant type architecture and leaf development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-ying Li
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiong
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiong-lin Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Song
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng-long Li
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-jiang Luan
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 People’s Republic of China
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Zhang Q, Zheng T, Hoang L, Wang C, Nafisah, Joseph C, Zhang W, Xu J, Li Z. Joint Mapping and Allele Mining of the Rolled Leaf Trait in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158246. [PMID: 27441398 PMCID: PMC4956317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The rolled leaf trait, long considered to be a key component of plant architecture, represents an important target trait for improving plant architecture at the population level. We therefore performed linkage mapping using a set of 262 highly variable RILs from two rice cultivars (Minghui 63 and 02428) with minor differences in leaf rolling index (LRI) in conjunction with GWAS mapping of a random subset of the 1127 germplasms from the 3K Rice Genomes Project (3K Rice). A total of seven main-effect loci were found to underlie the transgressive segregation of progenies from parents with minor differences in LRI. Five of these loci were previously identified and two (qRl7b and qRl9b) are newly reported with additional evidence from GWAS mapping for qRl7b. A total of 18 QTLs were identified by GWAS, including four newly identified QTLs. Six QTLs were confirmed by linkage mapping with the above RIL population, and 83.3% were found to be consistent with previously reported loci based on comparative mapping. We also performed allele mining with representative SNPs and identified the elite germplasms for the improvement of rolled leaf trait. Most favorable alleles at the detected loci were contributed by various 3K Rice germplasms. By a re-scanning of the candidate region with more saturated SNP markers, we dissected the region harboring gRl4-2 into three subregions, in which the average effect on LRI was 3.5% with a range from 2.4 to 4.1% in the third subregion, suggesting the presence of a new locus or loci within this region. The representative SNPs for favorable alleles in the reliable QTLs which were consistently identified in both bi-parental mapping and GWAS, such as qRl4, qRl5, qRl6, qRl7a, and qRl7b will be useful for future molecular breeding programs for ideal plant type in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tianqing Zheng
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Long Hoang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunchao Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nafisah
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Charles Joseph
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenzhong Zhang
- Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jianlong Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Beijing 100081, China
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Breeding & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Zhikang Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Beijing 100081, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Breeding & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
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Lee YK, Woo MO, Lee D, Lee G, Kim B, Koh HJ. Identification of a novel candidate gene for rolled leaf in rice. Genes Genomics 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-016-0451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Zhang JJ, Wu SY, Jiang L, Wang JL, Zhang X, Guo XP, Wu CY, Wan JM. A detailed analysis of the leaf rolling mutant sll2 reveals complex nature in regulation of bulliform cell development in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2015; 17:437-48. [PMID: 25213398 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Bulliform cells are large, thin-walled and highly vacuolated cells, and play an important role in controlling leaf rolling in response to drought and high temperature. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating bulliform cell development have not been well documented. Here, we report isolation and characterisation of a rice leaf-rolling mutant, named shallot-like 2 (sll2). The sll2 plants exhibit adaxially rolled leaves, starting from the sixth leaf stage, accompanied by increased photosynthesis and reduced plant height and tiller number. Histological analyses showed shrinkage of bulliform cells, resulting in inward-curved leaves. The mutant is recessive and revertible at a rate of 9%. The leaf rolling is caused by a T-DNA insertion. Cloning of the insertion using TAIL-PCR revealed that the T-DNA was inserted in the promoter region of LOC_Os07 g38664. Unexpectedly, the enhanced expression of LOC_Os07 g38664 by the 35S enhancer in the T-DNA is not responsible for the leaf rolling phenotype. Further, the enhancer also exerted a long-distance effect, including up-regulation of several bulliform cell-related genes. sll2 suppressed the outward leaf rolling of oul1 in the sll2oul1 double mutant. We conclude that leaf rolling in sll2 could be a result of the combined effect of multi-genes, implying a complex network in regulation of bulliform cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-J Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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