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Marsch P, Rajagopal N, Nangia S. Biophysics of claudin proteins in tight junction architecture: Three decades of progress. Biophys J 2024; 123:2363-2378. [PMID: 38859584 PMCID: PMC11365114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions are cell-cell adhesion complexes that act as gatekeepers of the paracellular space. Formed by several transmembrane proteins, the claudin family performs the primary gate-keeping function. The claudin proteins form charge and size-selective diffusion barriers to maintain homeostasis across endothelial and epithelial tissue. Of the 27 known claudins in mammals, some are known to seal the paracellular space, while others provide selective permeability. The differences in permeability arise due to the varying expression levels of claudins in each tissue. The tight junctions are observed as strands in freeze-fracture electron monographs; however, at the molecular level, tight junction strands form when multiple claudin proteins assemble laterally (cis assembly) within a cell and head-on (trans assembly) with claudins of the adjacent cell in a zipper-like architecture, closing the gap between the neighboring cells. The disruption of tight junctions caused by changing claudin expression levels or mutations can lead to diseases. Therefore, knowledge of the molecular architecture of the tight junctions and how that is tied to tissue-specific function is critical for fighting diseases. Here, we review the current understanding of the tight junctions accrued over the last three decades from experimental and computational biophysics perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Marsch
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Nandhini Rajagopal
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Shikha Nangia
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York.
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2
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Nyimanu D, Behm C, Choudhury S, Yu ASL. The role of claudin-2 in kidney function and dysfunction. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1437-1445. [PMID: 37387353 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Claudin-2 is a tight junction protein expressed in leaky epithelia where it forms paracellular pores permeable to cations and water. The paracellular pore formed by claudin-2 is important in energy-efficient cation and water transport in the proximal tubules of the kidneys. Mounting evidence now suggests that claudin-2 may modulate cellular processes often altered in disease, including cellular proliferation. Also, dysregulation of claudin-2 expression has been linked to various diseases, including kidney stone disease and renal cell carcinoma. However, the mechanisms linking altered claudin-2 expression and function to disease are poorly understood and require further investigation. The aim of this review is to discuss the current understanding of the role of claudin-2 in kidney function and dysfunction. We provide a general overview of the claudins and their organization in the tight junction, the expression, and function of claudin-2 in the kidney, and the evolving evidence for its role in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duuamene Nyimanu
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
| | - Christine Behm
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
| | - Sonali Choudhury
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
| | - Alan S L Yu
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
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3
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Wang C, Wu N, Pei B, Ma X, Yang W. Claudin and pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1136227. [PMID: 36959784 PMCID: PMC10027734 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1136227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the lack of timely and accurate screening modalities and treatments, most pancreatic cancer (PCa) patients undergo fatal PCa progression within a short period since diagnosis. The claudin(CLDN) family is expressed specifically as tight junction structure in a variety of tumors, including PCa, and affects tumor progression by changing the cell junctions. Thus far, many of the 27 members of the claudin family, including claudin-18.2 and claudin-4, have significantly aberrantly expression in pancreatic tumors. In addition, some studies have confirmed the role of some claudin proteins in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic tumors. By targeting different targets of claudin protein and combining chemotherapy, further enhance tumor cell necrosis and inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis. Claudins can either promote or inhibit the development of pancreatic cancer, which indicates that the diagnosis and treatment of different kinds of claudins require to consider different biological characteristics. This literature summarizes the functional characteristics and clinical applications of various claudin proteins in Pca cells, with a focus on claudin-18.2 and claudin-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/ Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Na Wu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Beibei Pei
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/ Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhui Yang,
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4
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Wang DW, Zhang WH, Danil G, Yang K, Hu JK. The role and mechanism of claudins in cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1051497. [PMID: 36620607 PMCID: PMC9818346 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1051497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins are a tetraspan membrane protein multigene family that plays a structural and functional role in constructing tight junctions. Claudins perform crucial roles in maintaining cell polarity in epithelial and endothelial cell sheets and controlling paracellular permeability. In the last two decades, increasing evidence indicates that claudin proteins play a major role in controlling paracellular permeability and signaling inside cells. Several types of claudins are dysregulated in various cancers. Depending on where the tumor originated, claudin overexpression or underexpression has been shown to regulate cell proliferation, cell growth, metabolism, metastasis and cell stemness. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is one of the most important functions of claudin proteins in disease progression. However, the exact molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that explain why claudin proteins are so important to tumorigenesis and progression have not been determined. In addition, claudins are currently being investigated as possible diagnostic and treatment targets. Here, we discuss how claudin-related signaling pathways affect tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and treatment sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Wen Wang
- Gastric Cancer Center and Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Han Zhang
- Gastric Cancer Center and Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Galiullin Danil
- Gastric Cancer Center and Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Central Research Laboratory, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Kun Yang
- Gastric Cancer Center and Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian-Kun Hu
- Gastric Cancer Center and Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Jian-Kun Hu,
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5
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Eguchi H, Kimura R, Matsunaga H, Matsunaga T, Yoshino Y, Endo S, Ikari A. Increase in Anticancer Drug-Induced Toxicity by Fisetin in Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Spheroid Cells Mediated by the Reduction of Claudin-2 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147536. [PMID: 35886884 PMCID: PMC9316057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudin-2 (CLDN2), a component of tight junction, is involved in the reduction of anticancer drug-induced toxicity in spheroids of A549 cells derived from human lung adenocarcinoma. Fisetin, a dietary flavonoid, inhibits cancer cell growth, but its effect on chemosensitivity in spheroids is unknown. Here, we found that fisetin (20 μM) decreases the protein level of CLDN2 to 22.3%. Therefore, the expression mechanisms were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Spheroids were formed in round-bottom plates, and anticancer drug-induced toxicity was measured by ATP content. Fisetin decreased the phosphorylated-Akt level, and CLDN2 expression was decreased by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, suggesting the inhibition of PI3K/Akt signal is involved in the reduction of CLDN2 expression. Hypoxia level, one of the hallmarks of tumor microenvironment, was reduced by fisetin. Although fisetin did not change hypoxia inducible factor-1α level, it decreased the protein level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, a stress response factor, by 25.4% in the spheroids. The toxicity of doxorubicin (20 μM) was enhanced by fisetin from 62.8% to 40.9%, which was rescued by CLDN2 overexpression (51.7%). These results suggest that fisetin can enhance anticancer drug toxicity in A549 spheroids mediated by the reduction of CLDN2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Eguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (H.E.); (R.K.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.); (S.E.)
| | - Riho Kimura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (H.E.); (R.K.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.); (S.E.)
| | - Haruka Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (H.E.); (R.K.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.); (S.E.)
| | - Toshiyuki Matsunaga
- Education Center of Green Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 502-8585, Japan;
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (H.E.); (R.K.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.); (S.E.)
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (H.E.); (R.K.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.); (S.E.)
| | - Akira Ikari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (H.E.); (R.K.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.); (S.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-58-230-8124
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Droessler L, Cornelius V, Boehm E, Stein L, Brunner N, Amasheh S. Barrier Perturbation in Porcine Peyer’s Patches by Tumor Necrosis Factor is Associated With a Dysregulation of Claudins. Front Physiol 2022; 13:889552. [PMID: 35707009 PMCID: PMC9189282 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.889552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been described as one of the main mediators of intestinal inflammatory diseases, affecting the composition of tight junction (TJ) proteins and leading to a disruption of the epithelial barrier. An intact intestinal barrier is mandatory, because the follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer’s patches represents the first defense line of the intestinal immune system and ensures a controlled uptake of antigens from the gut lumen. In the current study, we have analyzed the detailed effects of TNF on the follicle-associated epithelium of porcine Peyer’s patches by applying the Ussing chamber technique. Epithelial tissue specimens of Peyer’s patches and the surrounding villus epithelium were mounted into conventional Ussing chambers and incubated with TNF for 10 h. The transepithelial resistance, representing epithelial barrier function of the tissue, was recorded. A reduction of transepithelial resistance was detected after 8 h in Peyer’s patch tissue specimens, whereas the villus epithelium was not significantly affected by TNF. Subsequent molecular analysis of TJ protein expression revealed a marked decrease of claudin-1 and -4, and an increase of claudin-2. In neighboring villus epithelium, no significant changes in the expression of TJ proteins could be shown. A strong increase of TNF receptor-2 (TNFR-2) could also be detected in Peyer’s patches, in agreement with the major role of this receptor in Peyer’s patches. Our findings were in accordance with changes detected by confocal laser scanning immunofluorescence microscopy. The regulation of TNF effects via myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) was analyzed in blocking experiments. Our detailed analysis is the first to show that TNF affects the barrier function of the follicle-associated epithelium of porcine Peyer’s patches but has no effects on the villus epithelium. These findings reveal not only the basic differences of epithelial barrier function between the two structures, but also the significance of Peyer’s patches as a primary mucosal immune defense.
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7
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Claudins and Gastric Cancer: An Overview. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020290. [PMID: 35053454 PMCID: PMC8773541 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers and the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with a high frequency of recurrence and metastasis, and a poor prognosis. This review presents novel biological and clinical significance of claudin (CLDN) expression in GC, especially CLDN18, and clinical trials centered around CLDN18.2. It also presents new findings for other CLDNs. Abstract Despite recent improvements in diagnostic ability and treatment strategies, advanced gastric cancer (GC) has a high frequency of recurrence and metastasis, with poor prognosis. To improve the treatment results of GC, the search for new treatment targets from proteins related to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell–cell adhesion is currently being conducted. EMT plays an important role in cancer metastasis and is initiated by the loss of cell–cell adhesion, such as tight junctions (TJs), adherens junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions. Among these, claudins (CLDNs) are highly expressed in some cancers, including GC. Abnormal expression of CLDN1, CLDN2, CLDN3, CLDN4, CLDN6, CLDN7, CLDN10, CLDN11, CLDN14, CLDN17, CLDN18, and CLDN23 have been reported. Among these, CLDN18 is of particular interest. In The Cancer Genome Atlas, GC was classified into four new molecular subtypes, and CLDN18–ARHGAP fusion was observed in the genomically stable type. An anti-CLDN18.2 antibody drug was recently developed as a therapeutic drug for GC, and the results of clinical trials are highly predictable. Thus, CLDNs are highly expressed in GC as TJs and are expected targets for new antibody drugs. Herein, we review the literature on CLDNs, focusing on CLDN18 in GC.
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8
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Li H, Wen W, Luo J. Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress as an Effective Treatment for Alcoholic Pancreatitis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010108. [PMID: 35052788 PMCID: PMC8773075 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis and alcoholic pancreatitis are serious health concerns with an urgent need for effective treatment strategies. Alcohol is a known etiological factor for pancreatitis, including acute pancreatitis (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). Excessive alcohol consumption induces many pathological stress responses; of particular note is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR). ER stress results from the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded protein in the ER and is implicated in the pathogenesis of alcoholic pancreatitis. Here, we summarize the possible mechanisms by which ER stress contributes to alcoholic pancreatitis. We also discuss potential approaches targeting ER stress and UPR in developing novel therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (H.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Wen Wen
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (H.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (H.L.); (W.W.)
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-319-335-2256
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9
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Tabariès S, Annis MG, Lazaris A, Petrillo SK, Huxham J, Abdellatif A, Palmieri V, Chabot J, Johnson RM, Van Laere S, Verhoef C, Hachem Y, Yumeen S, Meti N, Omeroglu A, Altinel G, Gao ZH, Yu ASL, Grünhagen DJ, Vermeulen P, Metrakos P, Siegel PM. Claudin-2 promotes colorectal cancer liver metastasis and is a biomarker of the replacement type growth pattern. Commun Biol 2021; 4:657. [PMID: 34079064 PMCID: PMC8172859 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudin-2 promotes breast cancer liver metastasis by enabling seeding and early cancer cell survival. We now demonstrate that Claudin-2 is functionally required for colorectal cancer liver metastasis and that Claudin-2 expression in primary colorectal cancers is associated with poor overall and liver metastasis-free survival. We have examined the role of Claudin-2, and other claudin family members, as potential prognostic biomarkers of the desmoplastic and replacement histopathological growth pattern associated with colorectal cancer liver metastases. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed higher Claudin-2 levels in replacement type metastases when compared to those with desmoplastic features. In contrast, Claudin-8 was highly expressed in desmoplastic colorectal cancer liver metastases. Similar observations were made following immunohistochemical staining of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) that we have established, which faithfully retain the histopathology of desmoplastic or replacement type colorectal cancer liver metastases. We provide evidence that Claudin-2 status in patient-derived extracellular vesicles may serve as a relevant prognostic biomarker to predict whether colorectal cancer patients have developed replacement type liver metastases. Such a biomarker will be a valuable tool in designing optimal treatment strategies to better manage patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases. Tabariès et al. describe that claudin 2 is a promoter of colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Furthermore, high Claudin-2 expression is associated with shorter time to liver-specific recurrence and is a biomarker of replacement type CRC liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Tabariès
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Departments of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Matthew G Annis
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anthoula Lazaris
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jennifer Huxham
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Amri Abdellatif
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Palmieri
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jaclyn Chabot
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Radia M Johnson
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven Van Laere
- University of Antwerp, Molecular Imaging, Pathology, Radiotherapy & Oncology (MIPRO), Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium.,Translational Cancer Research Unit, Oncologisch Centrum GZA, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cornelis Verhoef
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yasmina Hachem
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sara Yumeen
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicholas Meti
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Atilla Omeroglu
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gulbeyaz Altinel
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Zu-Hua Gao
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alan S L Yu
- Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Dirk J Grünhagen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Vermeulen
- University of Antwerp, Molecular Imaging, Pathology, Radiotherapy & Oncology (MIPRO), Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium.,Translational Cancer Research Unit, Oncologisch Centrum GZA, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Metrakos
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Departments of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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10
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Raju P, Shashikanth N, Tsai PY, Pongkorpsakol P, Chanez-Paredes S, Steinhagen PR, Kuo WT, Singh G, Tsukita S, Turner JR. Inactivation of paracellular cation-selective claudin-2 channels attenuates immune-mediated experimental colitis in mice. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:5197-5208. [PMID: 32516134 PMCID: PMC7524482 DOI: 10.1172/jci138697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tight junction protein claudin-2 is upregulated in disease. Although many studies have linked intestinal barrier loss to local and systemic disease, these have relied on macromolecular probes. In vitro analyses show, however, that these probes cannot be accommodated by size- and charge-selective claudin-2 channels. We sought to define the impact of claudin-2 channels on disease. Transgenic claudin-2 overexpression or IL-13-induced claudin-2 upregulation increased intestinal small cation permeability in vivo. IL-13 did not, however, affect permeability in claudin-2-knockout mice. Claudin-2 is therefore necessary and sufficient to effect size- and charge-selective permeability increases in vivo. In chronic disease, T cell transfer colitis severity was augmented or diminished in claudin-2-transgenic or -knockout mice, respectively. We translated the in vitro observation that casein kinase-2 (CK2) inhibition blocks claudin-2 channel function to prevent acute, IL-13-induced, claudin-2-mediated permeability increases in vivo. In chronic immune-mediated colitis, CK2 inhibition attenuated progression in claudin-2-sufficient, but not claudin-2-knockout, mice, i.e., the effect was claudin-2 dependent. Paracellular flux mediated by claudin-2 channels can therefore promote immune-mediated colitis progression. Although the mechanisms by which claudin-2 channels intensify disease remain to be defined, these data suggest that claudin-2 may be an accessible target in immune-mediated disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Raju
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nitesh Shashikanth
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pei-Yun Tsai
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Pawin Pongkorpsakol
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sandra Chanez-Paredes
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter R. Steinhagen
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wei-Ting Kuo
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gurminder Singh
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jerrold R. Turner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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11
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Venugopal S, Anwer S, Szászi K. Claudin-2: Roles beyond Permeability Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225655. [PMID: 31726679 PMCID: PMC6888627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudin-2 is expressed in the tight junctions of leaky epithelia, where it forms cation-selective and water permeable paracellular channels. Its abundance is under fine control by a complex signaling network that affects both its synthesis and turnover in response to various environmental inputs. Claudin-2 expression is dysregulated in many pathologies including cancer, inflammation, and fibrosis. Claudin-2 has a key role in energy-efficient ion and water transport in the proximal tubules of the kidneys and in the gut. Importantly, strong evidence now also supports a role for this protein as a modulator of vital cellular events relevant to diseases. Signaling pathways that are overactivated in diseases can alter claudin-2 expression, and a good correlation exists between disease stage and claudin-2 abundance. Further, loss- and gain-of-function studies showed that primary changes in claudin-2 expression impact vital cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, and cell fate determination. These effects appear to be mediated by alterations in key signaling pathways. The specific mechanisms linking claudin-2 to these changes remain poorly understood, but adapters binding to the intracellular portion of claudin-2 may play a key role. Thus, dysregulation of claudin-2 may contribute to the generation, maintenance, and/or progression of diseases through both permeability-dependent and -independent mechanisms. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the properties, regulation, and functions of claudin-2, with a special emphasis on its signal-modulating effects and possible role in diseases.
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Cherradi S, Martineau P, Gongora C, Del Rio M. Claudin gene expression profiles and clinical value in colorectal tumors classified according to their molecular subtype. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1337-1348. [PMID: 30863148 PMCID: PMC6389001 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s188192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease that can be classified into distinct molecular subtypes. The aims of this study were 1) to compare claudin (CLDN) gene expression in CRC samples and normal colon mucosa, and then in the different CRC molecular subtypes, and 2) to assess their prognostic value. Patients and methods CLDN expression in CRC samples was analyzed using gene expression data for a cohort of 143 primary CRC samples, and compared in the same CRC samples classified into different molecular subtypes (C1 to C6 according to the Marisa's classification, and CMS1 to CMS4 of the consensus classification). Comparison of CLDN expression in normal and tumor colon samples was also made on a smaller number of samples. Then, the relationship between CLDN expression profiles and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival was examined. Results Compared with normal mucosa, CLDN1 and CLDN2 were upregulated, whereas CLDN5, 7, 8, and 23 were downregulated in CRC samples. Variations in CLDN expression profiles were observed mainly in the CMS2/C1 and CMS4/C4 subtypes. Overall, expression of CLDN2 or CLDN4 alone had a strong prognostic value that increased when they were associated. In the CMS4/C4 subtypes, lower expressions of CLDN11, CLDN12, and CLDN23 were associated with longer OS. Conversely, in the CMS2 and C1 subtypes, low CLDN23 expression was associated with shorter OS and progression-free survival, suggesting a dual role for CLDN23 as a tumor suppressor/promoter in CRC. CLDN6 and CLDN11 had a prognostic value in the CMS2 and C4 subtypes, respectively. Conclusion This analysis of CLDN gene expression profiles and prognostic value in CRC samples classified according to their molecular subtype shows that CRC heterogeneity must be taken into account when assessing CLDN potential value as prognostic markers or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cherradi
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France,
| | - Pierre Martineau
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France,
| | - Céline Gongora
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France,
| | - Maguy Del Rio
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France,
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Tabariès S, McNulty A, Ouellet V, Annis MG, Dessureault M, Vinette M, Hachem Y, Lavoie B, Omeroglu A, Simon HG, Walsh LA, Kimbung S, Hedenfalk I, Siegel PM. Afadin cooperates with Claudin-2 to promote breast cancer metastasis. Genes Dev 2019; 33:180-193. [PMID: 30692208 PMCID: PMC6362814 DOI: 10.1101/gad.319194.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tabariès et al. show that signaling downstream from a Claudin-2/Afadin complex enables the efficient formation of breast cancer metastases. Claudin-2 promotes breast cancer liver metastasis by enabling seeding and early cancer cell survival. We now demonstrate that the PDZ-binding motif of Claudin-2 is necessary for anchorage-independent growth of cancer cells and is required for liver metastasis. Several PDZ domain-containing proteins were identified that interact with the PDZ-binding motif of Claudin-2 in liver metastatic breast cancer cells, including Afadin, Arhgap21, Pdlim2, Pdlim7, Rims2, Scrib, and ZO-1. We specifically examined the role of Afadin as a potential Claudin-2-interacting partner that promotes breast cancer liver metastasis. Afadin associates with Claudin-2, an interaction that requires the PDZ-binding motif of Claudin-2. Loss of Afadin also impairs the ability of breast cancer cells to form colonies in soft agar and metastasize to the lungs or liver. Immunohistochemical analysis of Claudin-2 and/or Afadin expression in 206 metastatic breast cancer tumors revealed that high levels of both Claudin-2 and Afadin in primary tumors were associated with poor disease-specific survival, relapse-free survival, lung-specific relapse, and liver-specific relapse. Our findings indicate that signaling downstream from a Claudin-2/Afadin complex enables the efficient formation of breast cancer metastases. Moreover, combining Claudin-2 and Afadin as prognostic markers better predicts the potential of breast cancer to metastasize to soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Tabariès
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Alexander McNulty
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Véronique Ouellet
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Matthew G Annis
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Mireille Dessureault
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Maude Vinette
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Yasmina Hachem
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Brennan Lavoie
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Atilla Omeroglu
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Hans-Georg Simon
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA.,Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Siker Kimbung
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund SE 221 00, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hedenfalk
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund SE 221 00, Sweden
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
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The Polymorphisms at PRSS1-PRSS2 and MORC4 Loci and the Risk of Post-ERCP Pancreatitis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2018; 2018:1064783. [PMID: 30524475 PMCID: PMC6247575 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1064783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The risks of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) are identified as patient- and procedure-related factors. However, the genetic contribution for PEP is still unclear. Recent data show that the polymorphisms of PRSS1-PRSS2 (rs10273639) and MORC4 (rs12688220) are associated with recurrent acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. We aim to evaluate the association between these polymorphisms and post-ERCP pancreatitis in order to improve better prognosis and better care for these patients. Methods This is a retrospective, case-control study which includes 49 cases and 97 controls that are age-, procedure-, and risk of PEP-matched with the cases in 1 : 2 fashion. The PEP was diagnosed and graded for severity according to the standard consensus, and the risk factors of PEP were identified according to the ESGE guideline. Polymorphisms at rs10273639 and rs12688220 were evaluated by TaqMan technique and were identified in 133 (40 cases and 93 controls) and 146 patients, respectively. Results The demographic data between 2 groups are not significantly different. The genotype frequencies of PRSS1-PRSS2 (TT, TC, and CC) are 26, 13, and 1 vs. 67, 25, and 1 in cases and controls, respectively (p = 0.642). The genotype frequencies of MORC4 in female (TT, TC, and CC) are 8, 23, and 5 vs. 12, 26, and 21 in cases and controls, respectively (p = 0.071). The genotype frequencies of MORC4 in male (T and C) are 5 and 8 vs. 21 and 17 in cases and controls, respectively (p = 0.468). The allelic frequencies of MORC4 in combination of both genders (T, C) are 44 and 41 vs. 71 and 84 in cases and control, respectively (p = 0.431). In PEP cases, the allelic frequencies of PRSS1-PRSS2 (T and C) are 59 and 13 vs. 6 and 2 in mild and moderate/severe cases, respectively (p = 0.633). The allelic frequencies of MORC4 (T and C) are 38 and 39 vs. 4 and 4 in mild and moderate/severe cases, respectively (p = 0.972). Conclusion Polymorphisms at PRSS1-PRSS2 and MORC4 are not associated with the risk or severity of post-ERCP pancreatitis.
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Hashimoto Y, Hata T, Tada M, Iida M, Watari A, Okada Y, Doi T, Kuniyasu H, Yagi K, Kondoh M. Safety evaluation of a human chimeric monoclonal antibody that recognizes the extracellular loop domain of claudin-2. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 117:161-167. [PMID: 29448044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Claudin-2 (CLDN-2), a pore-forming tight junction protein with a tetra-transmembrane domain, is involved in carcinogenesis and the metastasis of some cancers. Although CLDN-2 is highly expressed in the tight junctions of the liver and kidney, whether CLDN-2 is a safe target for cancer therapy remains unknown. We recently generated a rat monoclonal antibody (mAb, clone 1A2) that recognizes the extracellular domains of human and mouse CLDN-2. Here, we investigated the safety of CLDN-2-targeted cancer therapy by using 1A2 as a model therapeutic antibody. Because most human therapeutic mAbs are IgG1 subtype that can induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, we generated a human-rat chimeric IgG1 form of 1A2 (xi-1A2). xi-1A2 activated Fcγ receptor IIIa in the presence of CLDN-2-expressing cells, indicating that xi-1A2 likely exerts antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. At 24 h after its intravenous injection, xi-1A2 was distributed into the liver, kidney, and tumor tissues of mice bearing CLDN-2-expressing fibrosarcoma cells. Treatment of the xenografted mice with xi-1A2 attenuated tumor growth without apparent adverse effects, such as changes in body weight and biochemical markers of liver and kidney injury. These results support xi-1A2 as the lead candidate mAb for safe CLDN-2-targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Hata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Minoru Tada
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo 158-0098, Japan
| | - Manami Iida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihiro Watari
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Okada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takefumi Doi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Yagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masuo Kondoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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González-Mariscal L, Raya-Sandino A, González-González L, Hernández-Guzmán C. Relationship between G proteins coupled receptors and tight junctions. Tissue Barriers 2018; 6:e1414015. [PMID: 29420165 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2017.1414015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are sites of cell-cell adhesion, constituted by a cytoplasmic plaque of molecules linked to integral proteins that form a network of strands around epithelial and endothelial cells at the uppermost portion of the lateral membrane. TJs maintain plasma membrane polarity and form channels and barriers that regulate the transit of ions and molecules through the paracellular pathway. This structure that regulates traffic between the external milieu and the organism is affected in numerous pathological conditions and constitutes an important target for therapeutic intervention. Here, we describe how a wide array of G protein-coupled receptors that are activated by diverse stimuli including light, ions, hormones, peptides, lipids, nucleotides and proteases, signal through heterotrimeric G proteins, arrestins and kinases to regulate TJs present in the blood-brain barrier, the blood-retinal barrier, renal tubular cells, keratinocytes, lung and colon, and the slit diaphragm of the glomerulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza González-Mariscal
- a Department of Physiology , Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav) , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Arturo Raya-Sandino
- a Department of Physiology , Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav) , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Laura González-González
- a Department of Physiology , Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav) , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Christian Hernández-Guzmán
- a Department of Physiology , Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav) , Mexico City , Mexico
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Wang J, Chi S, Huang Z, Ye X, Shi G, Chen D, Lou C. Comprehensive characterization of differentially expressed genes in thyroid cancer. Future Oncol 2017; 13:2159-2169. [PMID: 28984479 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the patterns of gene expression and functionally characterize the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in thyroid cancer. METHODS DEGs were determined between 57 paired thyroid cancer and noncancerous tissues using DESeq2. Subsequently, the main functions of the DEGs were studied by a variety of analyses. RESULTS We identified a cohort of 752 upregulated and 309 downregulated DEGs in thyroid cancer. Several hub DEGs were found in the protein-protein interaction networks. We also revealed a set of DEGs that were dysmethylated, involved in copy number variations and associated with clinical features in thyroid cancer. CONCLUSION These results provide some novel findings on DEGs in thyroid cancer, which will be useful to guide further investigation and target therapy for this disease. [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310016 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shumei Chi
- Department of Internal Neurology, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhongke Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310016 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ye
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310016 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guohua Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310016 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dongfang Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310016 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Cen Lou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310016 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Naz A, Obaid A, Awan FM, Ikram A, Ahmad J, Ali A. Petri Net-Based Model of Helicobacter pylori Mediated Disruption of Tight Junction Proteins in Stomach Lining during Gastric Carcinoma. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1682. [PMID: 28932213 PMCID: PMC5592237 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions help prevent the passage of digestive enzymes and microorganisms through the space between adjacent epithelial cells lining. However, Helicobacter pylori encoded virulence factors negatively regulate these tight junctions and contribute to dysfunction of gastric mucosa. Here, we have predicted the regulation of important tight junction proteins, such as Zonula occludens-1, Claudin-2 and Connexin32 in the presence of pathogenic proteins. Molecular events such as post translational modifications and crosstalk between phosphorylation, O-glycosylation, palmitoylation and methylation are explored which may compromise the integrity of these tight junction proteins. Furthermore, the signaling pathways disrupted by dysregulated kinases, proteins and post-translational modifications are reviewed to design an abstracted computational model showing the situation-dependent dynamic behaviors of these biological processes and entities. A qualitative hybrid Petri Net model is therefore constructed showing the altered host pathways in the presence of virulence factor cytotoxin-associated gene A, leading to the disruption of tight junction proteins. The model is qualitative logic-based, which does not depend on any kinetic parameter and quantitative data and depends on knowledge derived from experiments. The designed model provides insights into the tight junction disruption and disease progression. Model is then verified by the available experimental data, nevertheless formal in vitro experimentation is a promising way to ensure its validation. The major findings propose that H. pylori activated kinases are responsible to trigger specific post translational modifications within tight junction proteins, at specific sites. These modifications may favor alterations in gastric barrier and provide a route to bacterial invasion into host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Naz
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Obaid
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faryal M. Awan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Ikram
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- Research Center for Modeling & Simulation, National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan
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Xing T, Camacho Salazar R, Chen YH. Animal models for studying epithelial barriers in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Tissue Barriers 2017; 5:e1356901. [PMID: 28795875 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2017.1356901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial cells line the luminal surface of the entire gastrointestinal tract which is crucial for the absorption of nutrients and prevention of pathogens entering from the external environment. The epithelial barrier plays an important role in organ development, disease pathogenesis, and aging. The major component of an epithelial barrier is the single columnar epithelium and tight junctions. Tight junctions are located at the most apical region of the junctional complex and contain many integral membrane proteins, such as occludin, the claudin family, and junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs). The disruption of intestinal epithelial barriers may lead to several pathophysiological conditions causing malabsorption of nutrition and chronic inflammation. In this review, we provide an update on the alterations of epithelial barriers associated with gut diseases using experimental animal models; we appraise the role of tight junctions in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal cancer; we also compare some common features as well as differences and similarities in the pathophysiology of intestinal inflammation in neonatal (NEC) and adult (IBD) gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiaosi Xing
- a Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
| | - Rolando Camacho Salazar
- b Department of Pediatrics , Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
| | - Yan-Hua Chen
- a Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA.,b Department of Pediatrics , Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
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Longitudinal Claudin Gene Expression Analyses in Canine Mammary Tissues and Thereof Derived Primary Cultures and Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101655. [PMID: 27690019 PMCID: PMC5085688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human and canine mammary tumours show partial claudin expression deregulations. Further, claudins have been used for directed therapeutic approaches. However, the development of claudin targeting approaches requires stable claudin expressing cell lines. This study reports the establishment and characterisation of canine mammary tissue derived cell lines, analysing longitudinally the claudin-1, -3, -4 and -7 expressions in original tissue samples, primary cultures and developed cell lines. Primary cultures were derived from 17 canine mammary tissues: healthy, lobular hyperplasia, simple adenoma, complex adenoma, simple tubular carcinoma, complex carcinoma, carcinoma arising in a benign mixed tumour and benign mixed tissue. Cultivation was performed, if possible, until passage 30. Claudin mRNA and protein expressions were analysed by PCR, QuantiGene Plex Assay, immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. Further, cytokeratin expression was analysed immunocytochemically. Cultivation resulted in 11 established cell lines, eight showing epithelial character. In five of the early passages the claudin expressions decreased compared to the original tissues. In general, claudin expressions were diminished during cultivation. Three cell lines kept longitudinally claudin, as well as epithelial marker expressions, representing valuable tools for the development of claudin targeted anti-tumour therapies.
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Shelton CA, Whitcomb DC. Evolving Roles for Physicians and Genetic Counselors in Managing Complex Genetic Disorders. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2015; 6:e124. [PMID: 26561988 PMCID: PMC4817528 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2015.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proponents of personalized medicine predict that genetic information will provide pivotal perspectives for the prevention and management of complex disorders. Personalized medicine differs from traditional Western medicine, in that it focuses on more complex disorders that require mechanistic disease modeling and outcome simulation by integrating genomic risk, environmental stressors, and biomarkers as indicators of disease state. This information could be useful to guide targeted therapy and prevent pathologic outcomes. However, gaps exist in the process of linking the pieces together; currently, genetic data are seldom used to assist physicians in clinical decision making. With rapid growth in genetic data and the requirements for new paradigms for complex disorders comes the need to train professionals to understand and manage the impact of genetic information on patients within these clinical settings. Here we describe the challenges, controversies, and opportunities for genetics and genetic counselors in managing complex disorders and discuss the rationale for modifications in genetic counselor training and function. We conclude that a major paradigm shift is underway and a compelling functional, ethical, and financial argument can be made for employing properly trained genetic counselors to be strategically positioned within the health-care industries that are responsible for managing complex disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste A Shelton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David C Whitcomb
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Buhrmann C, Shayan P, Kraehe P, Popper B, Goel A, Shakibaei M. Resveratrol induces chemosensitization to 5-fluorouracil through up-regulation of intercellular junctions, Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and apoptosis in colorectal cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 98:51-68. [PMID: 26310874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a common chemotherapeutic agent used for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), by itself has inadequate response rates; highlighting the need for novel and improved treatment regimens for these patients. Resveratrol, a naturally-occurring polyphenol, has been linked with chemosensitizing potential and anticancer properties; however, the underlying mechanisms for these effects remain poorly understood. The effect of resveratrol in parental CRC cell lines (HCT116, SW480) and their corresponding isogenic 5-FU-chemoresistant derived clones (HCT116R, SW480R) was examined by MTT assays, intercellular junction formation and apoptosis by electron- and immunoelectron microscopy, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and NF-κB regulated gene products by western blot analysis in a 3D-alginate microenvironment. Resveratrol blocked the proliferation of all four CRC cell lines and synergized the invasion inhibitory effects of 5-FU. Interestingly, resveratrol induced a transition from 5-FU-induced formation of microvilli to a planar cell surface, which was concomitant with up-regulation of desmosomes, gap- and tight junctions (claudin-2) and adhesion molecules (E-cadherin) expression in HCT116 and HCT116R cells. Further, resveratrol significantly attenuated drug resistance through inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) factors (decreased vimentin and slug, increased E-cadherin) and down-regulation of NF-κB activation and its translocation to the nucleus and abolished NF-κB-regulated gene end-products (MMP-9, caspase-3). Moreover, this suppression was mediated through inhibition of IκBα kinase and IκBα phosphorylation and degradation. Our results demonstrate that resveratrol can potentiate the anti-tumor effects of 5-FU on CRC cells by chemosensitizing them, inhibiting an EMT phenotype via up-regulation of intercellular junctions and by down-regulation of NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Buhrmann
- Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Parviz Shayan
- Investigating Institute of Molecular Biological System Transfer, Tehran 1417863171, Iran; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, 141556453, Iran
| | - Patricia Kraehe
- Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Bastian Popper
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research; Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention and Cancer Genomics, Baylor Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
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Ikari A, Taga S, Watanabe R, Sato T, Shimobaba S, Sonoki H, Endo S, Matsunaga T, Sakai H, Yamaguchi M, Yamazaki Y, Sugatani J. Clathrin-dependent endocytosis of claudin-2 by DFYSP peptide causes lysosomal damage in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2326-36. [PMID: 26163137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Claudins are tight junctional proteins and comprise a family of over 20 members. Abnormal expression of claudins is reported to be involved in tumor progression. Claudin-2 is highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and increases cell proliferation, whereas it is not expressed in normal tissues. Claudin-2-targeting molecules such as peptides and small molecules may be novel anti-cancer drugs. The short peptide with the sequence DFYSP, which mimics the second extracellular loop of claudin-2, decreased claudin-2 content in the cytoplasmic fraction of A549 cells. In contrast, it did not affect the content in the nuclear fraction. The decrease in claudin-2 content was inhibited by chloroquine (CQ), a lysosomal inhibitor, but not by MG-132, a proteasome inhibitor. In the presence of DFYSP peptide and CQ, claudin-2 was co-localized with LAMP-1, a lysosomal marker. The DFYSP peptide-induced decrease in claudin-2 content was inhibited by monodancylcadaverine (MDC), an inhibitor of clathrin-dependent endocytosis. DFYSP peptide increased lysosome content and cathepsin B release, and induced cellular injury, which were inhibited by MDC. Cellular injury induced by DFYSP peptide was inhibited by necrostatin-1, an inhibitor of necrotic cell death, but not by Z-VAD-FMK, an inhibitor of apoptotic cell death. Our data indicate that DFYSP peptide increases the accumulation of the peptide and claudin-2 into the lysosome, resulting in lysosomal damage. Claudin-2 may be a new target for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ikari
- The Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
| | - Saeko Taga
- The Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Ryo Watanabe
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomonari Sato
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Shun Shimobaba
- The Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sonoki
- The Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Satoshi Endo
- The Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Matsunaga
- The Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | | | | | - Junko Sugatani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan
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24
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Ding L, Lu Z, Lu Q, Chen YH. The claudin family of proteins in human malignancy: a clinical perspective. Cancer Manag Res 2013; 5:367-75. [PMID: 24232410 PMCID: PMC3825674 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s38294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions, or zonula occludens, are the most apical component of the junctional complex and provide one form of cell-cell adhesion in epithelial and endothelial cells. Nearly 90% of malignant tumors are derived from the epithelium. Loss of cell-cell adhesion is one of the steps in the progression of cancer to metastasis. At least three main tight junction family proteins have been discovered: occludin, claudin, and junctional adhesion molecule (JAM). Claudins are the most important structural and functional components of tight junction integral membrane proteins, with at least 24 members in mammals. They are crucial for the paracellular flux of ions and small molecules. Overexpression or downregulation of claudins is frequently observed in epithelial-derived cancers. However, molecular mechanisms by which claudins affect tumorigenesis remain largely unknown. As the pivotal proteins in epithelial cells, altered expression and distribution of different claudins have been reported in a wide variety of human malignancies, including pancreatic, colonic, lung, ovarian, thyroid, prostate, esophageal, and breast cancers. In this review, we will give the readers an overall picture of the changes in claudin expression observed in various cancers and their mechanisms of regulation. Downregulation of claudins contributes to epithelial transformation by increasing the paracellular permeability of nutrients and growth factors to cancerous cells. In the cases of upregulation of claudin expression, the barrier function of the cancerous epithelia changes, as they often display a disorganized arrangement of tight junction strands with increased permeability to paracellular markers. Finally, we will summarize the literature suggesting that claudins may become useful biomarkers for cancer detection and diagnosis as well as possible therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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25
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Iravani O, Tay BWR, Chua PJ, Yip GWC, Bay BH. Claudins and gastric carcinogenesis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 238:344-9. [PMID: 23759999 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213477981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma arises from aberrant growth of normal gastric mucosa. There is increasing evidence that claudins (CLDNs) may play a critical role in the significant steps of gastric tumorigenesis, from metaplasia to metastasis. The CLDN family which consists of at least 27 member proteins is known to mediate selective permeability in cellular tight junctions. It is now established that CLDNs are differentially altered in gastric cancer and CLDN proteins are believed to play different roles in the growth and progression of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Iravani
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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26
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Zhu JL, Gao P, Wang ZN, Song YX, Li AL, Xu YY, Wang MX, Xu HM. Clinicopathological significance of claudin-4 in gastric carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2013; 11:150. [PMID: 23822740 PMCID: PMC3717126 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-11-150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant expression of claudin proteins has been reported in a variety of cancers. Previous studies have demonstrated that overexpression of claudin may promote tumorigenesis and metastasis through increased invasion and survival of tumor cells. However, the prognostic significance of claudin-4 in gastric cancer remains unclear. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression of claudin-4 in 329 clinical gastric cancer specimens and 44 normal stomach samples, 21 intestinal metaplasia samples, and 21 adjacent precursor lesions dysplasia samples. Statistical analysis methods were used to evaluate the relationship between claudin-4 expression and various clinicopathological parameters. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed, respectively, to detect the independent predictors of survival. Results Claudin-4 expression was present in only 7(15.9%) normal gastric samples, but expression of claudin-4 in the intestinal metaplasia lesions and dysplasia lesions was 90.5% and 95.2%, respectively. The expression of claudin-4 was significantly associated with histological differentiation (P < 0.001) and tumor growth patterns (P < 0.001) but not associated with patient survival. However, intermediate type staining of claudin-4 exhibited a trend of correlation with patients’ survival (P = 0.023). The five-year survival rate with low expression of claudin-4 in intermediate type (76.4%) was similar to expanding type (64.5%), while the high expression group (46.6%) was closer to infiltrative type (50.7%). Conclusions The findings in this study demonstrate claudin-4 aberrant expression in gastric cancer and precursor lesions. The expression of claudin-4 could serve as a basis for identifying gastric cancer of the intermediate type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Liang Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110001, China
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27
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Lu Z, Ding L, Lu Q, Chen YH. Claudins in intestines: Distribution and functional significance in health and diseases. Tissue Barriers 2013; 1:e24978. [PMID: 24478939 PMCID: PMC3879173 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.24978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestines are organs that not only digest food and absorb nutrients, but also provide a defense barrier against pathogens and noxious agents ingested. Tight junctions (TJs) are the most apical component of the junctional complex, providing one form of cell-cell adhesion in enterocytes and playing a critical role in regulating paracellular barrier permeability. Alteration of TJs leads to a number of pathophysiological diseases causing malabsorption of nutrition and intestinal structure disruption, which may even contribute to systemic organ failure. Claudins are the major structural and functional components of TJs with at least 24 members in mammals. Claudins have distinct charge-selectivity, either by tightening the paracellular pathway or functioning as paracellular channels, regulating ions and small molecules passing through the paracellular pathway. In this review, we have discussed the functions of claudin family members, their distribution and localization in the intestinal tract of mammals, their alterations in intestine-related diseases and chemicals/agents that regulate the expression and localization of claudins as well as the intestinal permeability, which provide a therapeutic view for treating intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lu
- Department of Basic Medicine; Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China ; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA ; Department of Oncology; Beijing Shijitan Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing, PR China
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - Yan-Hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
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28
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Holczbauer Á, Gyöngyösi B, Lotz G, Szijártó A, Kupcsulik P, Schaff Z, Kiss A. Distinct claudin expression profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic colorectal and pancreatic carcinomas. J Histochem Cytochem 2013; 61:294-305. [PMID: 23385421 PMCID: PMC3636686 DOI: 10.1369/0022155413479123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junction proteins, including claudins, are often dysregulated during carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Moreover, the claudin expression pattern usually varies between different tumor entities. We aimed to investigate claudin expression profiles of primary and metastatic liver malignancies. We analyzed claudin-1, -2, -3, -4, and -7 expression by quantitative immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. Twenty hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and liver metastases of 20 colorectal adenocarcinomas (CRLMs) and 15 pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PLMs) were studied together with paired surrounding non-tumorous liver samples and 5 normal liver samples. Strong claudin-3 and -7 immunohistochemical positivities were detected in CRLM samples, each with significantly stronger staining when compared with HCC and PLM groups. Claudin-1 protein was found highly expressed in CRLM, in contrast to lower expression in PLM and HCC. CRLMs and PLMs also were strongly positive for claudin-4, while being virtually undetectable in HCC. Claudin-2 showed strong positivity in non-tumorous liver tissue, whereas significantly weaker positivity was observed in all tumors. Differences in mRNA expression were mostly similar to those found by immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, HCC and both CRLM and PLM display distinct claudin expression profiles, which might provide better understanding of the pathobiology of these lesions and might be used for differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Holczbauer
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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29
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Lee NP. The Blood-Biliary Barrier, Tight Junctions and Human Liver Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 763:171-85. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4711-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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30
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Regulation of Tight Junctions for Therapeutic Advantages. CANCER METASTASIS - BIOLOGY AND TREATMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6028-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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31
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Whitcomb DC, LaRusch J, Krasinskas AM, Klei L, Smith JP, Brand RE, Neoptolemos JP, Lerch MM, Tector M, Sandhu BS, Guda NM, Orlichenko L, Alkaade S, Amann ST, Anderson MA, Baillie J, Banks PA, Conwell D, Coté GA, Cotton PB, DiSario J, Farrer LA, Forsmark CE, Johnstone M, Gardner TB, Gelrud A, Greenhalf W, Haines JL, Hartman DJ, Hawes RA, Lawrence C, Lewis M, Mayerle J, Mayeux R, Melhem NM, Money ME, Muniraj T, Papachristou GI, Pericak-Vance MA, Romagnuolo J, Schellenberg GD, Sherman S, Simon P, Singh VK, Slivka A, Stolz D, Sutton R, Weiss FU, Wilcox CM, Zarnescu NO, Wisniewski SR, O'Connell MR, Kienholz ML, Roeder K, Barmada MM, Yadav D, Devlin B, Albert MS, Albin RL, Apostolova LG, Arnold SE, Baldwin CT, Barber R, Barnes LL, Beach TG, Beecham GW, Beekly D, Bennett DA, Bigio EH, Bird TD, Blacker D, Boxer A, Burke JR, Buxbaum JD, Cairns NJ, Cantwell LB, Cao C, Carney RM, Carroll SL, Chui HC, Clark DG, Cribbs DH, Crocco EA, Cruchaga C, DeCarli C, Demirci FY, Dick M, Dickson DW, Duara R, Ertekin-Taner N, Faber KM, Fallon KB, Farlow MR, Ferris S, Foroud TM, Frosch MP, Galasko DR, Ganguli M, Gearing M, Geschwind DH, Ghetti B, Gilbert JR, Gilman S, Glass JD, Goate AM, Graff-Radford NR, Green RC, Growdon JH, Hakonarson H, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Hamilton RL, Harrell LE, Head E, Honig LS, Hulette CM, Hyman BT, Jicha GA, Jin LW, Jun G, Kamboh MI, Karydas A, Kaye JA, Kim R, Koo EH, Kowall NW, Kramer JH, Kramer P, Kukull WA, LaFerla FM, Lah JJ, Leverenz JB, Levey AI, Li G, Lin CF, Lieberman AP, Lopez OL, Lunetta KL, Lyketsos CG, Mack WJ, Marson DC, Martin ER, Martiniuk F, Mash DC, Masliah E, McKee AC, Mesulam M, Miller BL, Miller CA, Miller JW, Montine TJ, Morris JC, Murrell JR, Naj AC, Olichney JM, Parisi JE, Peskind E, Petersen RC, Pierce A, Poon WW, Potter H, Quinn JF, Raj A, Raskind M, Reiman EM, Reisberg B, Reitz C, Ringman JM, Roberson ED, Rosen HJ, Rosenberg RN, Sano M, Saykin AJ, Schneider JA, Schneider LS, Seeley WW, Smith AG, Sonnen JA, Spina S, Stern RA, Tanzi RE, Trojanowski JQ, Troncoso JC, Tsuang DW, Valladares O, Van Deerlin VM, Van Eldik LJ, Vardarajan BN, Vinters HV, Vonsattel JP, Wang LS, Weintraub S, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Williamson J, Woltjer RL, Wright CB, Younkin SG, Yu CE, Yu L. Common genetic variants in the CLDN2 and PRSS1-PRSS2 loci alter risk for alcohol-related and sporadic pancreatitis. Nat Genet 2012; 44:1349-54. [PMID: 23143602 PMCID: PMC3510344 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatitis is a complex, progressively destructive inflammatory disorder. Alcohol was long thought to be the primary causative agent, but genetic contributions have been of interest since the discovery that rare PRSS1, CFTR and SPINK1 variants were associated with pancreatitis risk. We now report two associations at genome-wide significance identified and replicated at PRSS1-PRSS2 (P < 1 × 10(-12)) and X-linked CLDN2 (P < 1 × 10(-21)) through a two-stage genome-wide study (stage 1: 676 cases and 4,507 controls; stage 2: 910 cases and 4,170 controls). The PRSS1 variant likely affects disease susceptibility by altering expression of the primary trypsinogen gene. The CLDN2 risk allele is associated with atypical localization of claudin-2 in pancreatic acinar cells. The homozygous (or hemizygous in males) CLDN2 genotype confers the greatest risk, and its alleles interact with alcohol consumption to amplify risk. These results could partially explain the high frequency of alcohol-related pancreatitis in men (male hemizygote frequency is 0.26, whereas female homozygote frequency is 0.07).
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Whitcomb
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jessica LaRusch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alyssa M. Krasinskas
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lambertus Klei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jill P. Smith
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Randall E. Brand
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John P. Neoptolemos
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, National Institute for Health Research Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Markus M. Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matt Tector
- Aurora Health Care System, St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bimaljit S. Sandhu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Nalini M. Guda
- Aurora Health Care System, St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lidiya Orlichenko
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Samer Alkaade
- Department of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - John Baillie
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter A. Banks
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Darwin Conwell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory A. Coté
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Peter B. Cotton
- Digestive Disease Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - James DiSario
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- A full list of members and affiliations appears at the end of this paper, Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium
- Department of Medicine/Biomedical Genetics Section, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chris E. Forsmark
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Marianne Johnstone
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, National Institute for Health Research Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Andres Gelrud
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William Greenhalf
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, National Institute for Health Research Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- A full list of members and affiliations appears at the end of this paper, Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Vanderbilt Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Douglas J. Hartman
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert A. Hawes
- Digestive Disease Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher Lawrence
- Digestive Disease Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Michele Lewis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Richard Mayeux
- A full list of members and affiliations appears at the end of this paper, Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nadine M. Melhem
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Thiruvengadam Muniraj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University and Griffin Hospital, Derby, Connecticut, USA
| | - Georgios I. Papachristou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Margaret A. Pericak-Vance
- A full list of members and affiliations appears at the end of this paper, Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph Romagnuolo
- Digestive Disease Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Gerard D. Schellenberg
- A full list of members and affiliations appears at the end of this paper, Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stuart Sherman
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Peter Simon
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vijay K. Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam Slivka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Donna Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, National Institute for Health Research Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Frank Ulrich Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - C. Mel Wilcox
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Narcis Octavian Zarnescu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen R. Wisniewski
- Department of Epidemiology, Epidemiology Data Center, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Michael R. O'Connell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michelle L. Kienholz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kathryn Roeder
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M. Michael Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dhiraj Yadav
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bernie Devlin
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marilyn S. Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Roger L. Albin
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System (VAAAHS), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Liana G. Apostolova
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Steven E. Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clinton T. Baldwin
- Department of Medicine (Genetics Program), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Barber
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Lisa L. Barnes
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas G. Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Gary W. Beecham
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Duane Beekly
- National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eileen H. Bigio
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas D. Bird
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Deborah Blacker
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam Boxer
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James R. Burke
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joseph D. Buxbaum
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nigel J. Cairns
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Laura B. Cantwell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chuanhai Cao
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Regina M. Carney
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Steven L. Carroll
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Helena C. Chui
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David G. Clark
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David H. Cribbs
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Crocco
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry and Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - F. Yesim Demirci
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Malcolm Dick
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | | | - Ranjan Duara
- Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, USA
| | - Nilufer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Kelley M. Faber
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kenneth B. Fallon
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Martin R. Farlow
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Steven Ferris
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tatiana M. Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Matthew P. Frosch
- C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Douglas R. Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mary Ganguli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Alzheimer's Disease Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel H. Geschwind
- Neurogenetics Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indian, USA
| | - John R. Gilbert
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sid Gilman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Alison M. Goate
- Department of Psychiatry and Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Neill R. Graff-Radford
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Robert C. Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine and Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John H. Growdon
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kara L. Hamilton-Nelson
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ronald L. Hamilton
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lindy E. Harrell
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lawrence S. Honig
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Bradley T. Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory A. Jicha
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Gyungah Jun
- Department of Medicine (Genetics Program), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M. Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Karydas
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Kaye
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Neurology, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ronald Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Edward H. Koo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Neil W. Kowall
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joel H. Kramer
- Department of Neuropsychology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Patricia Kramer
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Walter A. Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Frank M. LaFerla
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - James J. Lah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - James B. Leverenz
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Allan I. Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chiao-Feng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Oscar L. Lopez
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kathryn L. Lunetta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Wendy J. Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel C. Marson
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Eden R. Martin
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Frank Martiniuk
- Department of Medicine - Pulmonary, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Deborah C. Mash
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ann C. McKee
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marsel Mesulam
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bruce L. Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Carol A. Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joshua W. Miller
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas J. Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John C. Morris
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jill R. Murrell
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indian, USA
| | - Adam C. Naj
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - John M. Olichney
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Joseph E. Parisi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elaine Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ronald C. Petersen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Aimee Pierce
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Wayne W. Poon
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Huntington Potter
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ashok Raj
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Murray Raskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eric M. Reiman
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Barry Reisberg
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christiane Reitz
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - John M. Ringman
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Erik D. Roberson
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Howard J. Rosen
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Roger N. Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mary Sano
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Julie A. Schneider
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lon S. Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - William W. Seeley
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Amanda G. Smith
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Joshua A. Sonnen
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indian, USA
| | - Robert A. Stern
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rudolph E. Tanzi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Juan C. Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Debby W. Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Otto Valladares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vivianna M. Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Linda J. Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Badri N. Vardarajan
- Department of Medicine (Genetics Program), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Harry V. Vinters
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jean Paul Vonsattel
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Li-San Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Welsh-Bohmer
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer Williamson
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Randall L. Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Clinton B. Wright
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Chang-En Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Claudin-2 promotes breast cancer liver metastasis by facilitating tumor cell interactions with hepatocytes. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:2979-91. [PMID: 22645303 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00299-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously identified claudin-2 as a functional mediator of breast cancer liver metastasis. We now confirm that claudin-2 levels are elevated in liver metastases, but not in skin metastases, compared to levels in their matched primary tumors in patients with breast cancer. Moreover, claudin-2 is specifically expressed in liver-metastatic breast cancer cells compared to populations derived from bone or lung metastases. The increased liver tropism exhibited by claudin-2-expressing breast cancer cells requires claudin-2-mediated interactions between breast cancer cells and primary hepatocytes. Furthermore, the reduction of the claudin-2 expression level, either in cancer cells or in primary hepatocytes, diminishes these heterotypic cell-cell interactions. Finally, we demonstrate that the first claudin-2 extracellular loop is essential for mediating tumor cell-hepatocyte interactions and the ability of breast cancer cells to form liver metastases in vivo. Thus, during breast cancer liver metastasis, claudin-2 shifts from acting within tight-junctional complexes to functioning as an adhesion molecule between breast cancer cells and hepatocytes.
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Westmoreland JJ, Drosos Y, Kelly J, Ye J, Means AL, Washington MK, Sosa-Pineda B. Dynamic distribution of claudin proteins in pancreatic epithelia undergoing morphogenesis or neoplastic transformation. Dev Dyn 2012; 241:583-94. [PMID: 22275141 PMCID: PMC3288608 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assembly of distinct proteins into tight junctions results in the formation of a continuous barrier that regulates the paracellular flux of water, ions, and small molecules across epithelia. The claudin protein family encompasses numerous major structural components of tight junctions. These proteins specify the permeability characteristics of tight junctions and consequently, some of the physiological properties of epithelia. Furthermore, defective claudin expression has been found to correlate with some diseases, tumor progression, and defective morphogenesis. Investigating the pattern of claudin expression during embryogenesis or in certain pathological conditions is necessary to begin disclosing the role of these proteins in health and disease. RESULTS This study analyzed the expression of several claudins during mouse pancreas organogenesis and in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias of mouse and human origin. CONCLUSIONS Our results underscored a distinctive, dynamic distribution of certain claudins in both the developing pancreas and the pancreatic epithelium undergoing neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yiannis Drosos
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jacqueline Kelly
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jianming Ye
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Anna L. Means
- Departments of Surgery and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Beatriz Sosa-Pineda
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Abstract
Tight junctions are the most apically localized part of the epithelial junctional complex. They regulate the permeability and polarity of cell layers and create compartments in cell membranes. Claudins are structural molecules of tight junctions. There are 27 claudins known, and expression of different claudins is responsible for changes in the electrolyte and solute permeability in cells layers. Studies have shown that claudins and tight junctions also protect multicellular organisms from infections and that some infectious agents may use claudins as targets to invade and weaken the host's defense. In neoplastic diseases, claudin expression may be up- or downregulated. Since their expression is associated with specific tumor types or with specific locations of tumors to a certain degree, they can, in a restricted sense, also be used as tumor markers. However, the regulation of claudin expression is complex involving growth factors and integrins, protein kinases, proto-oncogens and transcription factors. In this review, the significance of claudins is discussed in lung disease and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylermi Soini
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Lai C, Robinson J, Clark S, Stamp G, Poulsom R, Silver A. Elevation of WNT5A expression in polyp formation in Lkb1+/- mice and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. J Pathol 2011; 223:584-92. [PMID: 21341271 DOI: 10.1002/path.2835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare, inherited disease caused by germline mutation of the LKB1 gene. Patients with PJS develop characteristic polyps in the digestive tract and carry an elevated risk of cancers in multiple organs, including the intestinal tract. While LKB1 is capable of phosphorylating AMPK and regulates the mTOR pathway, it is also known to be a multitasking protein that can influence other cellular processes, including cell polarity. We hypothesized that there may be other biological pathways directly or indirectly affected by the loss of LKB1 in PJS and aimed to investigate this possibility through transcriptional profiling of polyps harvested from an Lkb1(+/-) mouse model of PJS and from PJS patients. We identified alterations in the mRNA level of a wide range of genes, including some that are involved in Wnt signalling (Wnt5a, Wif1, Dixdc1, Wnt11, Ccnd1, and Ccnd2), although we did not observe nuclear localization of β-catenin in over 93 human PJS intestinal polyps or in 24 gastric polyps from Lkb1(+/-) mice. Among these genes, WNT5A, a non-canonical and non-transforming Wnt, is consistently up-regulated in both Lkb1(+/-) mice and human PJS polyps at a high level. We performed in situ hybridization to further define the spatial expression pattern of WNT5A and observed a strong signal in the stroma of mouse and human polyps compared to no or very low expression in the mucosa. Our findings indicate that WNT5A plays an important role in PJS polyposis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Lai
- Colorectal Cancer Genetics, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel, London, UK
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Bornholdt J, Friis S, Godiksen S, Poulsen SS, Santoni-Rugiu E, Bisgaard HC, Lothe IMB, Ikdahl T, Tveit KM, Johnson E, Kure EH, Vogel LK. The level of claudin-7 is reduced as an early event in colorectal carcinogenesis. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:65. [PMID: 21310043 PMCID: PMC3045986 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compromised epithelial barriers are found in dysplastic tissue of the gastrointestinal tract. Claudins are transmembrane proteins important for tight junctions. Claudins regulate the paracellular transport and are crucial for maintaining a functional epithelial barrier. Down-regulation of the oncogenic serine protease, matriptase, induces leakiness in epithelial barriers both in vivo and in vitro. We found in an in-silico search tight co-regulation between matriptase and claudin-7 expression. We have previously shown that the matriptase expression level decreases during colorectal carcinogenesis. In the present study we investigated whether claudin-7 expression is likewise decreased during colorectal carcinogenesis, thereby causing or contributing to the compromised epithelial leakiness of dysplastic tissue. Methods The mRNA level of claudin-7 (CLDN7) was determined in samples from 18 healthy individuals, 100 individuals with dysplasia and 121 colorectal cancer patients using quantitative real time RT-PCR. In addition, immunohistochemical stainings were performed on colorectal adenomas and carcinomas, to confirm the mRNA findings. Results A 2.7-fold reduction in the claudin-7 mRNA level was found when comparing the biopsies from healthy individuals with the biopsies of carcinomas (p < 0.001). Reductions in the claudin-7 mRNA levels were also detected in mild/moderate dysplasia (p < 0.001), severe dysplasia (p < 0.01) and carcinomas (p < 0.01), compared to a control sample from the same individual. The decrease at mRNA level was confirmed at the protein level by immunohistochemical stainings. Conclusions Our results show that the claudin-7 mRNA level is decreased already as an early event in colorectal carcinogenesis, probably contributing to the compromised epithelial barrier in adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jette Bornholdt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Claudin-2 is selectively enriched in and promotes the formation of breast cancer liver metastases through engagement of integrin complexes. Oncogene 2010; 30:1318-28. [PMID: 21076473 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The liver represents the third most frequent site of metastasis in patients with breast cancer. We performed in vivo selection using 4T1 breast cancer cells to identify genes associated with the liver metastatic phenotype. Coincident with the loss of numerous tight-junctional proteins, we observe claudin-2 overexpression, specifically in liver-aggressive breast cancer cells. We further demonstrate that claudin-2 is both necessary and sufficient for the ability of 4T1 breast cancer cells to colonize and grow in the liver. The liver-aggressive breast cancer cells display a claudin-2-mediated increase in their ability to adhere to extracellular matrix (ECM) components, such as fibronectin and type IV collagen. Claudin-2 facilitates these cell/matrix interactions by increasing the cell surface expression of α(2)β(1)- and α(5)β(1)-integrin complexes in breast cancer cells. Indeed, claudin-2-mediated adhesion to fibronectin and type IV collagen can be blocked with neutralizing antibodies that target α(5)β(1) and α(2)β(1) complexes, respectively. Immunohistochemical analyses reveal that claudin-2, although weakly expressed in primary human breast cancers, is readily detected in all liver metastasis samples examined to date. Together, these results uncover novel roles for claudin-2 in promoting breast cancer adhesion to the ECM and define its importance during breast cancer metastasis to the liver.
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Zavala-Zendejas VE, Torres-Martinez AC, Salas-Morales B, Fortoul TI, Montaño LF, Rendon-Huerta EP. Claudin-6, 7, or 9 overexpression in the human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line AGS increases its invasiveness, migration, and proliferation rate. Cancer Invest 2010; 29:1-11. [PMID: 20874001 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2010.512594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Altered claudin expression is related to metastatic potential, poor prognosis, or tumor recurrence. We analyzed if the overexpression of claudin-6, claudin-7, or claudin-9 in AGS cells altered cell motility, invasiveness, or proliferation rate. Claudin-7, claudin-9, and claudin-6 enhanced their invasive potential by 3.4-fold, 1.6-fold, and 2.0-fold, respectively. Claudin-6 and claudin-9 enhanced cell migration, while the proliferation rate of claudin-6-, claudin-7-, and claudin-9-transfected cells increased by 12.7%, 9.0%, and 13.3%, respectively. Claudin-7 and claudin-9 overexpression increased claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1 levels. In summary, individual increased expression of claudin-6, claudin-7, or claudin-9 is sufficient to enhance tumorigenic properties of a gastric adenocarcinoma cell line.
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Jung H, Jun KH, Jung JH, Chin HM, Park WB. The expression of claudin-1, claudin-2, claudin-3, and claudin-4 in gastric cancer tissue. J Surg Res 2010; 167:e185-91. [PMID: 20462599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The claudins (CLDNs) are a family of functional tight junction proteins, and are involved with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The claudin proteins have a significant influence on the biological behavior of tumor progression in several types of cancers. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the expression pattern of claudin-1, claudin-2, claudin-3, and claudin-4 in gastric cancer tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue was obtained from surgically resected specimens of 72 patients who were diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma at a single institution. The expressions of claudin-1, claudin-2, claudin-3, and claudin-4 were determined by immunohistochemical staining with the ABC method. RESULTS Claudin-2 demonstrated the highest expression rate (73.6%) and claudin-4 demonstrated the lowest expression rate (44.4%). The expression of claudin-1 was significantly lower in cases of intestinal type adenocarcinoma based on the Lauren classification. The expressions of claudin-3 and claudin-4 were significantly lower in cases with positive lymphatic invasion. The expression of claudin-3 was significantly lower in cases with an advanced T-stage (T3 and T4). The expression of claudin-3 showed significantly positive correlations with the expression of the other claudin proteins. In survival analysis, the expression of claudin-4 was related to good overall survival rate with significance (P = 0.046). CONCLUSION We suggest that claudin-3 and claudin-4 represent useful molecular markers for gastric cancer. Claudin-3 and claudin-4 would be the most important proteins related to the lymphatic invasion process, and claudin-4 would be useful with prognostic marker based on our results. Further investigations with a greater number of subjects are required to identify the action mechanism of claudin in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun Jung
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Szakál DN, Gyorffy H, Arató A, Cseh A, Molnár K, Papp M, Dezsofi A, Veres G. Mucosal expression of claudins 2, 3 and 4 in proximal and distal part of duodenum in children with coeliac disease. Virchows Arch 2010; 456:245-50. [PMID: 20143085 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-009-0879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Duodenal biopsy is an important tool to diagnose coeliac disease (CD); however, the most reliable location of biopsy site is still questionable. Claudins (CLDNs), members of a large family of adherent junction proteins, show characteristic expression pattern in inflammatory disorders; nevertheless, CLDN expression in CD is unknown. This is a comparative study to examine the CLDN 2, 3 and 4 expressions in proximal and distal part of duodenum in children with CD and in controls. Thirty-three children with newly diagnosed CD were enrolled. Fourteen healthy children served as controls. Biopsies from proximal and distal part of duodenum were taken for routine histological analysis. Immunohistochemistry were used to detect CD3+ intraepithelial lymphocytes and CLDN 2, 3 and 4 protein expressions. Macroscopic picture, routine histology and Marsh grade depicted no differences between biopsies taken from proximal or distal part of duodenum. However, CLDN 2 expression was significantly increased in severe form of coeliac disease in bulb and in distal duodenum, and in distal part of non-severe coeliac patients, in comparison to controls. Similar association was found concerning CLDN 3 expression. Expression of CLDN 4 was similar in all groups studied. Both proximal and distal mucosal duodenal biopsies are suitable for diagnosing villous atrophy in patients with CD. Increased expressions of CLDN 2 and 3 suggest structural changes of tight junction in coeliac disease which may be, at least in part, responsible for increased permeability and proliferation observed in coeliac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya Nagy Szakál
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Bókay str. 53-54, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
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Abstract
The tight junction (TJ) is a critical cellular component for maintenance of tissue integrity, cellular interactions and cell-cell communications, and physiologically functions as the “great wall” against external agents and the surrounding hostile environment. During the host-pathogen evolution, viruses somehow found the key to unlock the gate for their entry into cells and to exploit and exhaust the host cells. In the liver, an array of TJ molecules is localized along the bile canaliculi forming the blood-biliary barrier, where they play pivotal roles in paracellular permeability, bile secretion, and cell polarity. In pathology, certain hepatic TJ molecules mediate virus entry causing hepatitis infection; deregulation and functional abnormality of the TJ have also been implicated in triggering liver cancer development and metastasis. All these findings shed new insights on the understanding of hepatic TJs in the development of liver disease and provide new clues for potential intervention.
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HAHN-STRÖMBERG VICTORIA, EDVARDSSON HENRIK, BODIN LENNART, FRANZEÉN LENNART. Tumor volume of colon carcinoma is related to the invasive pattern but not to the expression of cell adhesion proteins. APMIS 2009; 117:205-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2008.00011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Meriläinen S, Mäkelä J, Anttila V, Koivukangas V, Kaakinen H, Niemelä E, Ohtonen P, Risteli J, Karttunen T, Soini Y, Juvonen T. Acute edematous and necrotic pancreatitis in a porcine model. Scand J Gastroenterol 2009; 43:1259-68. [PMID: 18609130 DOI: 10.1080/00365520802158580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unclear why pancreatitis progresses either to mild edematous disease or to severe necrotic disease. The aim of the study was to shed some light on this topic by investigating differences during the early stages of necrotic and edematous pancreatitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Piglets were randomized into two groups. Necrotic pancreatitis was induced with retrograde injection of 20% taurocholic acid (1 ml/kg), and edematous pancreatitis was induced with 0.9% NaCl (1 ml/kg). Central hemodynamics was measured, and pancreatic microcirculation was directly examined by intravital microscopy. Vascular permeability to proteins and albumin was measured by microdialysis. Apoptosis and claudins 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 were analyzed from pancreatic tissue samples. Blood samples were taken for analysis of blood cell counts, blood gases, lipase, and amylase. RESULTS Hemodynamic changes were similar in both groups, whereas microcirculatory impairment was more pronounced in necrotic pancreatitis. Necrosis was associated only with necrotic pancreatitis. Apoptosis increased only in edematous pancreatitis. The number of blood neutrophils and monocytes increased and lymphocyte and platelet counts decreased in both groups. Necrotic pancreatitis was associated with increased permeability to albumin and proteins. Expression of claudins 3, 4, 5, and 7 was not changed during pacreatitis, but in acinar cells, membranous expression of claudin-2 increased in both groups. CONCLUSIONS The results show that acute edematous pancreatitis is characterized by induction of apoptosis, whereas full-blown pancreatitis is characterized by necrosis. Impaired vascular permeability to albumin and protein is related to the early phase of necrotic pancreatitis. Claudin-2 increases during acute necrotic and edematous pancreatitis and may be related to impaired permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Meriläinen
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Claudin-1 and claudin-2 expression is elevated in inflammatory bowel disease and may contribute to early neoplastic transformation. J Transl Med 2008; 88:1110-20. [PMID: 18711353 PMCID: PMC2586671 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2008.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of developing colorectal adenocarcinoma. The factors that result in IBD-associated carcinogenesis are not understood. We hypothesized that altered expression of intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins might contribute to neoplastic progression. Semiquantitative immunohistochemical staining of human biopsies was used to assess expression of the tight junction proteins claudin-1, claudin-2, claudin-4, and occludin in IBD, IBD-associated dysplasia, acute, self-limited colitis (ASLC), and sporadic adenomas. Claudin-1 and claudin-2 expression was elevated in active IBD, adenomas, and IBD-associated dysplasia, but not ASLC. In contrast, claudin-4 expression was elevated in both active IBD and ASLC. Occludin expression was similar to control in all cases. Importantly, in IBD, claudin-1 and claudin-2 expression correlated positively with inflammatory activity. To investigate mechanisms underlying altered claudin expression, beta-catenin activation was assessed as nuclear localization. Like claudin-1 and claudin-2, beta-catenin was markedly activated in IBD, sporadic dysplasia, and IBD-associated dysplasia, but was only slightly activated in ASLC. Taken together, these data suggest that beta-catenin transcriptional activity is elevated in chronic injury and that this may contribute to increased claudin-1 and claudin-2 expression. We speculate that increased claudin-1 and claudin-2 expression may be involved at early stages of transformation in IBD-associated neoplasia.
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Mima S, Takehara M, Takada H, Nishimura T, Hoshino T, Mizushima T. NSAIDs suppress the expression of claudin-2 to promote invasion activity of cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:1994-2000. [PMID: 18586689 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) show chemopreventive effects; however, the precise molecular mechanism of these effects is still unclear. On the other hand, the expression of proteins that form tight junctions (TJs) (such as claudins) in clinically isolated tumors is frequently altered relative to normal tissue. We previously reported that NSAIDs upregulate the expression of claudin-4 and that this upregulation contributes to NSAID-dependent inhibition of both migration activity and anchorage-independent growth of cancer cells. In the current study, we have systematically examined the effects of various NSAIDs on the expression of various TJ proteins and have found that NSAIDs specifically and drastically inhibit the expression of claudin-2. Overexpression or suppression of claudin-2 expression caused stimulation or inhibition, respectively, of the invasion and migration activity of cancer cells. Furthermore, NSAIDs inhibited the invasion and migration activity of cancer cells and this inhibition was suppressed by overexpression of claudin-2. In contrast, neither cell growth nor apoptosis induced by lack of anchorage of cancer cells was affected by overexpression or suppression of expression of claudin-2. These results suggest that inhibition of claudin-2 expression by NSAIDs contributes to NSAID-dependent inhibition of invasion of cancer cells in vitro and that it may be involved in the chemopreventive effects of NSAIDs by inhibiting metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Mima
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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Moldvay J, Jäckel M, Páska C, Soltész I, Schaff Z, Kiss A. Distinct claudin expression profile in histologic subtypes of lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2007; 57:159-67. [PMID: 17418912 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2007.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Claudins are the main constituents of tight junctions. Little is known about their expression and localization in the normal bronchial epithelium and in lung cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred four lung cancer tissue blocks were studied including 46 adenocarcinomas (ADC), 30 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), 15 small cell lung cancers (SCLC), 8 typical and 5 atypical carcinoids. All slides contained normal bronchial mucosa as well. Immunohistochemistry using antibodies against claudins-1, -2, -3, -4, and -7 proteins, as well as semi-quantitative estimation were performed. RT-PCR analysis was also carried out in 22 immunohistochemically representative tumor samples. RESULTS Normal bronchial epithelial cells expressed all the examined claudin proteins. When compared, SCLCs and carcinoids showed striking differences in regard to claudins-1, -3, and -4 expressions (p<0.0001, p<0.0001, and p<0.0004, respectively), whereas ADCs and SCCs revealed significant differences in claudins-3, -4, and -7 expressions (p<0.0001, p<0.0001, and p<0.0053, respectively). However, comparison of ADCs with SCLCs revealed significant difference only in claudin-2 expression (p<0.0002). The comparison of ADCs and carcinoids resulted in significant differences regarding claudins-1, -3, and -4 expressions (p<0.0006, p<0.0001, and p<0.0001, respectively). SCCs and SCLCs varied in respect to claudin-2, -3, and -4 expressions (p<0.0009, p<0.0001, and p<0.0019, respectively), whereas SCCs and carcinoids showed different claudins-1 and -4 expressions (p<0.0076 and p<0.0045, respectively). RT-PCR analysis revealed parallel changes in the mRNA and protein expression of certain claudins. CONCLUSIONS The observed distinct claudin expression profile within the non-small cell lung cancer group, further, the marked differences between SCLCs and carcinoids may have differential diagnostic impact, and the overexpression of certain claudins might have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Moldvay
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Diósárok u. 1/c. H-1125, Hungary.
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Gröne J, Weber B, Staub E, Heinze M, Klaman I, Pilarsky C, Hermann K, Castanos-Velez E, Röpcke S, Mann B, Rosenthal A, Buhr HJ. Differential expression of genes encoding tight junction proteins in colorectal cancer: frequent dysregulation of claudin-1, -8 and -12. Int J Colorectal Dis 2007; 22:651-9. [PMID: 17047970 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-006-0197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2006] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS As integral membrane proteins, claudins form tight junctions together with occludin. Several claudins were shown to be up-regulated in various cancer types. We performed an expression analysis of genes encoding tight junction proteins to display differential gene expression on RNA and protein level and to identify and validate potential targets for colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Amplified and biotinylated cRNA from 30 microdissected CRC specimen and corresponding normal tissues was hybridized to Affymetrix U133set GeneChips. Quantification of differential protein expression of claudin-1, -8 and -12 between normal and corresponding tumour tissues was performed by Western blot analyses. Paraffin-embedded CRC tissue samples, colon cancer cell lines and normal tissue microarray were analysed for protein expression of claudin-1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS Claudin-1 (CLDN1) and -12 (CLDN12) are frequently overexpressed in CRC, whereas claudin-8 (CLDN8) shows down-regulation in tumour tissue on RNA level. Quantification of proteins confirmed the overexpression of claudin-1 in tumour tissues, whereas changes of claudin-8 and -12 were not significantly detectable on protein level. IHC confirmed the markedly elevated expression level of claudin-1 in the majority of CRC, showing membranous and intracellular vesicular staining. CONCLUSIONS Differential expression of genes encoding claudins in CRC suggests that these tight junction proteins may be associated to and involved in tumorigenesis. CLDN1 is frequently up-regulated in large proportion of CRC and may represent potential target molecule for blocking studies in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gröne
- Department of General, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany.
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Ueda J, Semba S, Chiba H, Sawada N, Seo Y, Kasuga M, Yokozaki H. Heterogeneous Expression of Claudin-4 in Human Colorectal Cancer: Decreased Claudin-4 Expression at the Invasive Front Correlates Cancer Invasion and Metastasis. Pathobiology 2007; 74:32-41. [PMID: 17496431 DOI: 10.1159/000101049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Claudin-4 plays a key role in constructing the tight junction (TJ), and altered claudin-4 expression has been documented in various human malignancies; however, little is known about the biological significance of claudin-4 in colorectal cancers (CRCs). The aim of this study is to investigate the significance of claudin-4 expression in CRC and its association with clinicopathological factors. METHODS The levels of claudin-4 expression in a total of 129 CRCs and 44 metastatic tumors were examined by immunohistochemistry. A small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated claudin-4 knockdown examination was also conducted to assess the biological role(s) of claudin-4 in cultured cells. RESULTS Expression of claudin-4 at the intercellular membrane was well preserved at the surface of the tumor; however, decreased claudin-4 expression was detected in 57% of CRCs, particularly at the invasive front. Interestingly, decreased claudin-4 expression was detected in metastatic lesions of CRC. The siRNA-mediated claudin-4 knockdown in SW480 claudin-4-positive CRC cells upregulated cell motility, whereas no significant change was detected in cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggested that disruption of claudin-4-mediated TJ construction enhances cancer cell invasion and metastasis in human CRC. Claudin-4 might be a good biomarker for diagnosing the risk of distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Ueda
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Borka K, Kaliszky P, Szabó E, Lotz G, Kupcsulik P, Schaff Z, Kiss A. Claudin expression in pancreatic endocrine tumors as compared with ductal adenocarcinomas. Virchows Arch 2007; 450:549-57. [PMID: 17429687 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-007-0406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2006] [Revised: 03/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Altered expression of recently described claudins (CLDNs) as members of tight junction (TJ) transmembrane proteins was noted in several malignancies. We aimed to analyze protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of different CLDNs in human pancreatic endocrine tumors (PET) and ductal adenocarcinomas. A total of 45 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples were studied. Immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis were carried out for quantification of CLDN 1, -2, -3, -4, and -7 expressions. Normal acini and ducts showed strong CLDNs 1, -3, -4, and -7 and scattered CLDN 2 protein expressions, while Langerhans islands revealed only CLDN 3 and -7 expressions. CLDN 2 expression was found in the half of ductal adenocarcinomas, while the vast majority of endocrine tumors were negative. CLDN 1, -4, and -7 immunohistochemistry was positive in all adenocarcinomas, whereas endocrine tumors were completely negative for CLDNs 1 and -4. CLDN 3 and -7 proteins were detected in all endocrine tumors, while CLDN 3 in ductal adenocarcinomas was negative. The mRNA expression of CLDNs showed differences between endocrine tumors and ductal adenocarcinomas, similar as found for protein expression. Our findings support that PET and ductal carcinomas are specifically characterized by different expression pattern of CLDNs. High expressions of CLDN 3 in endocrine tumors and CLDN 4 in ductal carcinomas might attract them as targets for adjuvant therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoma, Islet Cell/genetics
- Adenoma, Islet Cell/metabolism
- Adenoma, Islet Cell/pathology
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Carcinoma, Islet Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Islet Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Islet Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/secondary
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Borka
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Ulloi út 93, 1091, Budapest, Hungary
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