1
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Benarroch E. What Is the Role of the Intralaminar Thalamic Input to the Striatum and Its Potential Implications in Parkinson Disease? Neurology 2023; 101:118-123. [PMID: 37460225 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
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2
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Huerta-Ocampo I, Hacioglu-Bay H, Dautan D, Mena-Segovia J. Distribution of Midbrain Cholinergic Axons in the Thalamus. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0454-19.2019. [PMID: 31882534 PMCID: PMC6957312 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0454-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic transmission is essential for adaptive behavior and has been suggested to play a central role in the modulation of brain states by means of the modulation of thalamic neurons. Midbrain cholinergic neurons from the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) provide dense innervation of the thalamus, but a detailed connectivity mapping is missing. Using conditional tracing of midbrain cholinergic axons in the rat, together with a detailed segmentation of thalamic structures, we show that projections arising in PPN and LDT are topographically organized along the entire extent of the thalamus. PPN cholinergic neurons preferentially innervate thalamic relay structures, whereas LDT cholinergic neurons preferentially target thalamic limbic nuclei. Moreover, both PPN and LDT provide a dense innervation of the intralaminar thalamic nuclei. Notably, we observe a differential synaptic density that functionally dissociates between PPN and LDT innervation. Our results show that midbrain cholinergic neurons innervate virtually all thalamic structures and this innervation is functionally segregated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Icnelia Huerta-Ocampo
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102
- MRC Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, United Kingdom
| | - Husniye Hacioglu-Bay
- MRC Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, United Kingdom
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Marmara University, 34854 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Daniel Dautan
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102
| | - Juan Mena-Segovia
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102
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3
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Nowacki A, Galati S, Ai-Schlaeppi J, Bassetti C, Kaelin A, Pollo C. Pedunculopontine nucleus: An integrative view with implications on Deep Brain Stimulation. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 128:75-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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4
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Eser RA, Ehrenberg AJ, Petersen C, Dunlop S, Mejia MB, Suemoto CK, Walsh CM, Rajana H, Oh J, Theofilas P, Seeley WW, Miller BL, Neylan TC, Heinsen H, Grinberg LT. Selective Vulnerability of Brainstem Nuclei in Distinct Tauopathies: A Postmortem Study. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 77:149-161. [PMID: 29304218 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The brainstem nuclei of the reticular formation (RF) are critical for regulating homeostasis, behavior, and cognition. RF degenerates in tauopathies including Alzheimer disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). Although the burden of phopho-tau inclusion is high across these diseases, suggesting a similar vulnerability pattern, a distinct RF-associated clinical phenotype in these diseases indicates the opposite. To compare patterns of RF selective vulnerability to tauopathies, we analyzed 5 RF nuclei in tissue from 14 AD, 14 CBD, 10 PSP, and 3 control cases. Multidimensional quantitative analysis unraveled discernable differences on how these nuclei are vulnerable to AD, CBD, and PSP. For instance, PSP and CBD accrued more tau inclusions than AD in locus coeruleus, suggesting a lower vulnerability to AD. However, locus coeruleus neuronal loss in AD was so extreme that few neurons remained to develop aggregates. Likewise, tau burden in gigantocellular nucleus was low in AD and high in PSP, but few GABAergic neurons were present in AD. This challenges the hypothesis that gigantocellular nucleus neuronal loss underlies REM behavioral disorders because REM behavioral disorders rarely manifests in AD. This study provides foundation for characterizing the clinical consequences of RF degeneration in tauopathies and guiding customized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana A Eser
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Alexander J Ehrenberg
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Cathrine Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sara Dunlop
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Maria B Mejia
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Claudia K Suemoto
- Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group, LIM-22, Department of Pathology.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christine M Walsh
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Hima Rajana
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Panos Theofilas
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Thomas C Neylan
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco and San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Helmut Heinsen
- LIM-44, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil and Clinic of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group, LIM-22, Department of Pathology.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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5
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Pourmirbabaei S, Dolatshahi M, Rahmani F. Pathophysiological clues to therapeutic applications of glutamate mGlu5 receptor antagonists in levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 855:149-159. [PMID: 31063776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Levodopa remains to be the mainstay for treatment of Parkinson disease (PD). Long-term levodopa treatment bears a risk for developing levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). LID significantly overshadows patients' quality of life and therapeutic efficacy of levodopa. Pre- and post-synaptic changes in dopamine secretion and signaling, along with altered glutamate receptor expression and glutamatergic signaling in striatal neurons, and the resulting disinhibition-like changes in the corticostriatal circuitry, lead to aberrant activity of motor cortex and formation of LID. Research has highlighted the role of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors especially the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) in formation of LID through potentiating of ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptors and dopamine D1/D5 receptors in direct pathway. Accordingly, MTEP and MPEP were the first mGlu5 receptor antagonists which were shown to attenuate LID in animal models through suppression of downstream signaling cascades involving mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and FosB/delta FosB activation, as well as modulation of prodynorphinegic, preproenkephalinergic, and GABA-ergic neurotransmission systems. Beneficial effects of other mGlu5 receptor antagonists such as AFQ056/mavoglurant and ADX48621/dipraglurant in amelioration of LID has been shown not only in animal models but also in clinical trials. Considering the presence of mGlu receptor dysregulation in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder and depression, which are prodromal signs of PD, along with the neuroprotective effects of mGlu receptor antagonists, and their cognitive benefits, potential effectiveness of mGlu receptor antagonists in early prevention of PD remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Pourmirbabaei
- Student's Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Dolatshahi
- Student's Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rahmani
- Student's Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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6
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State-Dependent Spike and Local Field Synchronization between the Thalamic Parafascicular Nucleus and the Dorsal Striatum in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neuroscience 2019; 404:27-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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7
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Sébille SB, Rolland AS, Faillot M, Perez-Garcia F, Colomb-Clerc A, Lau B, Dumas S, Vidal SF, Welter ML, Francois C, Bardinet E, Karachi C. Normal and pathological neuronal distribution of the human mesencephalic locomotor region. Mov Disord 2018; 34:218-227. [PMID: 30485555 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus has been performed to treat dopamine-resistant gait and balance disorders in patients with degenerative diseases. The outcomes, however, are variable, which may be the result of the lack of a well-defined anatomical target. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to identify the main neuronal populations of the pedunculopontine and the cuneiform nuclei that compose the human mesencephalic locomotor region and to compare their 3-dimensional distribution with those found in patients with Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. METHODS We used high-field MRI, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization to characterize the distribution of the different cell types, and we developed software to merge all data within a common 3-dimensional space. RESULTS We found that cholinergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurons comprised the main cell types of the mesencephalic locomotor region, with the peak densities of cholinergic and GABAergic neurons similarly located within the rostral pedunculopontine nucleus. Cholinergic and noncholinergic neuronal losses were homogeneous in the mesencephalic locomotor region of patients, with the peak density of remaining neurons at the same location as in controls. The degree of denervation of the pedunculopontine nucleus was highest in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy, followed by Parkinson's disease patients with falls. CONCLUSIONS The peak density of cholinergic and GABAergic neurons was located similarly within the rostral pedunculopontine nucleus not only in controls but also in pathological cases. The neuronal loss was homogeneously distributed and highest in the pedunculopontine nucleus of patients with falls, which suggests a potential pathophysiological link. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie B Sébille
- Sorbonne University, Univ. Pierre & Marie Curie Paris 06, Cnrs, Inserm, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Brain and Spinal Cord Institute, Paris, France.,Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Rolland
- Sorbonne University, Univ. Pierre & Marie Curie Paris 06, Cnrs, Inserm, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Brain and Spinal Cord Institute, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Faillot
- Sorbonne University, Univ. Pierre & Marie Curie Paris 06, Cnrs, Inserm, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Brain and Spinal Cord Institute, Paris, France.,Neurosurgical Department, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Antoine Colomb-Clerc
- Sorbonne University, Univ. Pierre & Marie Curie Paris 06, Cnrs, Inserm, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Brain and Spinal Cord Institute, Paris, France
| | - Brian Lau
- Sorbonne University, Univ. Pierre & Marie Curie Paris 06, Cnrs, Inserm, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Brain and Spinal Cord Institute, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Marie-Laure Welter
- Sorbonne University, Univ. Pierre & Marie Curie Paris 06, Cnrs, Inserm, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Brain and Spinal Cord Institute, Paris, France.,Neurosurgical Department, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Francois
- Sorbonne University, Univ. Pierre & Marie Curie Paris 06, Cnrs, Inserm, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Brain and Spinal Cord Institute, Paris, France
| | - Eric Bardinet
- Sorbonne University, Univ. Pierre & Marie Curie Paris 06, Cnrs, Inserm, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Brain and Spinal Cord Institute, Paris, France.,Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Carine Karachi
- Sorbonne University, Univ. Pierre & Marie Curie Paris 06, Cnrs, Inserm, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Brain and Spinal Cord Institute, Paris, France.,Neurosurgical Department, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
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8
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Luquin E, Huerta I, Aymerich MS, Mengual E. Stereological Estimates of Glutamatergic, GABAergic, and Cholinergic Neurons in the Pedunculopontine and Laterodorsal Tegmental Nuclei in the Rat. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:34. [PMID: 29867374 PMCID: PMC5958217 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPN) and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) are functionally associated brainstem structures implicated in behavioral state control and sensorimotor integration. The PPN is also involved in gait and posture, while the LDT plays a role in reward. Both nuclei comprise characteristic cholinergic neurons intermingled with glutamatergic and GABAergic cells whose absolute numbers in the rat have been only partly established. Here we sought to determine the complete phenotypical profile of each nucleus to investigate potential differences between them. Counts were obtained using stereological methods after the simultaneous visualization of cholinergic and either glutamatergic or GABAergic cells. The two isoforms of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), GAD65 and GAD67, were separately analyzed. Dual in situ hybridization revealed coexpression of GAD65 and GAD67 mRNAs in ∼90% of GAD-positive cells in both nuclei; thus, the estimated mean numbers of (1) cholinergic, (2) glutamatergic, and (3) GABAergic cells in PPN and LDT, respectively, were (1) 3,360 and 3,650; (2) 5,910 and 5,190; and (3) 4,439 and 7,599. These data reveal significant differences between PPN and LDT in their relative phenotypical composition, which may underlie some of the functional differences observed between them. The estimation of glutamatergic cells was significantly higher in the caudal PPN, supporting the reported functional rostrocaudal segregation in this nucleus. Finally, a small subset of cholinergic neurons (8% in PPN and 5% in LDT) also expressed the glutamatergic marker Vglut2, providing anatomical evidence for a potential corelease of transmitters at specific target areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Luquin
- Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ibone Huerta
- Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María S Aymerich
- Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Science, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elisa Mengual
- Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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9
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Mena-Segovia J, Bolam JP. Rethinking the Pedunculopontine Nucleus: From Cellular Organization to Function. Neuron 2017; 94:7-18. [PMID: 28384477 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) has long been considered an interface between the basal ganglia and motor systems, and its ability to regulate arousal states puts the PPN in a key position to modulate behavior. Despite the large amount of data obtained over recent decades, a unified theory of its function is still incomplete. By putting together classical concepts and new evidence that dissects the influence of its different neuronal subtypes on their various targets, we propose that the PPN and, in particular, cholinergic neurons have a central role in updating the behavioral state as a result of changes in environmental contingencies. Such a function is accomplished by a combined mechanism that simultaneously restrains ongoing obsolete actions while it facilitates new contextual associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mena-Segovia
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - J Paul Bolam
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
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10
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Pienaar IS, Vernon A, Winn P. The Cellular Diversity of the Pedunculopontine Nucleus: Relevance to Behavior in Health and Aspects of Parkinson's Disease. Neuroscientist 2016; 23:415-431. [PMID: 27932591 DOI: 10.1177/1073858416682471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is a rostral brainstem structure that has extensive connections with basal ganglia nuclei and the thalamus. Through these the PPN contributes to neural circuits that effect cortical and hippocampal activity. The PPN also has descending connections to nuclei of the pontine and medullary reticular formations, deep cerebellar nuclei, and the spinal cord. Interest in the PPN has increased dramatically since it was first suggested to be a novel target for treating patients with Parkinson's disease who are refractory to medication. However, application of frequency-specific electrical stimulation of the PPN has produced inconsistent results. A central reason for this is that the PPN is not a heterogeneous structure. In this article, we review current knowledge of the neurochemical identity and topographical distribution of neurons within the PPN of both humans and experimental animals, focusing on studies that used neuronally selective targeting strategies to ascertain how the neurochemical heterogeneity of the PPN relates to its diverse functions in relation to movement and cognitive processes. If the therapeutic potential of the PPN is to be realized, it is critical to understand the complex structure-function relationships that exist here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse S Pienaar
- 1 Centre for Neuroinflammation & Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Cane Road, London, UK.,2 Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anthony Vernon
- 3 Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip Winn
- 4 Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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11
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Mori F, Okada KI, Nomura T, Kobayashi Y. The Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus as a Motor and Cognitive Interface between the Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:109. [PMID: 27872585 PMCID: PMC5097925 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important component of ascending activating systems, brainstem cholinergic neurons in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) are involved in the regulation of motor control (locomotion, posture and gaze) and cognitive processes (attention, learning and memory). The PPTg is highly interconnected with several regions of the basal ganglia, and one of its key functions is to regulate and relay activity from the basal ganglia. Together, they have been implicated in the motor control system (such as voluntary movement initiation or inhibition), and modulate aspects of executive function (such as motivation). In addition to its intimate connection with the basal ganglia, projections from the PPTg to the cerebellum have been recently reported to synaptically activate the deep cerebellar nuclei. Classically, the cerebellum and basal ganglia were regarded as forming separated anatomical loops that play a distinct functional role in motor and cognitive behavioral control. Here, we suggest that the PPTg may also act as an interface device between the basal ganglia and cerebellum. As such, part of the therapeutic effect of PPTg deep brain stimulation (DBS) to relieve gait freezing and postural instability in advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients might also involve modulation of the cerebellum. We review the anatomical position and role of the PPTg in the pathway of basal ganglia and cerebellum in relation to motor control, cognitive function and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumika Mori
- Laboratories for Neuroscience Visual Neuroscience Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology and Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Okada
- Laboratories for Neuroscience Visual Neuroscience Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology and Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Taishin Nomura
- Bio-Dynamics Group, Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kobayashi
- Laboratories for Neuroscience Visual Neuroscience Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology and Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan; Research Center for Behavioral Economics, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
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12
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Chen M, He ZG, Liu BW, Li ZX, Liu SG, Xiang HB. Parafascicular nucleus-heart neural crosstalk: Implications for seizure-induced myocardial stunning. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 63:135-137. [PMID: 27539366 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Bao-Wen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Zhi-Xiao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - San-Guang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, PR China.
| | - Hong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
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13
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Petzold A, Valencia M, Pál B, Mena-Segovia J. Decoding brain state transitions in the pedunculopontine nucleus: cooperative phasic and tonic mechanisms. Front Neural Circuits 2015; 9:68. [PMID: 26582977 PMCID: PMC4628121 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2015.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic neurons of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) are most active during the waking state. Their activation is deemed to cause a switch in the global brain activity from sleep to wakefulness, while their sustained discharge may contribute to upholding the waking state and enhancing arousal. Similarly, non-cholinergic PPN neurons are responsive to brain state transitions and their activation may influence some of the same targets of cholinergic neurons, suggesting that they operate in coordination. Yet, it is not clear how the discharge of distinct classes of PPN neurons organize during brain states. Here, we monitored the in vivo network activity of PPN neurons in the anesthetized rat across two distinct levels of cortical dynamics and their transitions. We identified a highly structured configuration in PPN network activity during slow-wave activity that was replaced by decorrelated activity during the activated state (AS). During the transition, neurons were predominantly excited (phasically or tonically), but some were inhibited. Identified cholinergic neurons displayed phasic and short latency responses to sensory stimulation, whereas the majority of non-cholinergic showed tonic responses and remained at high discharge rates beyond the state transition. In vitro recordings demonstrate that cholinergic neurons exhibit fast adaptation that prevents them from discharging at high rates over prolonged time periods. Our data shows that PPN neurons have distinct but complementary roles during brain state transitions, where cholinergic neurons provide a fast and transient response to sensory events that drive state transitions, whereas non-cholinergic neurons maintain an elevated firing rate during global activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Petzold
- MRC Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Miguel Valencia
- Neurosciences Area, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra Pamplona, Spain ; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research Pamplona, Spain
| | - Balázs Pál
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Juan Mena-Segovia
- MRC Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford Oxford, UK ; Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University Newark, NJ, USA
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14
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Jimenez-Martin J, Blanco-Lezcano L, González-Fraguela M, Díaz-Hung ML, Serrano-Sánchez T, Almenares J, Francis-Turner L. Effect of neurotoxic lesion of pedunculopontine nucleus in nigral and striatal redox balance and motor performance in rats. Neuroscience 2015; 289:300-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Martinez-Gonzalez C, van Andel J, Bolam JP, Mena-Segovia J. Divergent motor projections from the pedunculopontine nucleus are differentially regulated in Parkinsonism. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 219:1451-62. [PMID: 23708060 PMCID: PMC4072066 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-013-0579-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is composed of neurons with different connectivity patterns that express different neurochemical markers, display distinct firing characteristics and are topographically organized in functional domains across its rostro-caudal axis. Previous reports have shown that the caudal region of the PPN is interconnected with motor regions of both the basal ganglia and brainstem/medulla. The co-distribution of ascending and descending motor outputs raises the question as to whether the PPN provides a coordinated or differential modulation of its targets in the basal ganglia and the medulla. To address this, we retrogradely labeled neurons in the two main PPN pathways involved in motor control and determined whether they project to one or both structures, their neurochemical phenotype, and their activity in normal and dopamine depleted rats, as indicated by Egr-1 expression. We show that ascending and descending motor pathways from the PPN arise largely from separate neurons that intermingle in the same region of the PPN, but have a distinct neurochemical composition and are differentially regulated in the Parkinsonian state. Thus, neurons projecting to the subthalamic nucleus consist of cholinergic, calbindin- and calretinin-expressing neurons, and Egr-1 is upregulated following a 6-hydroxydopamine lesion. In contrast, a larger proportion of neurons projecting to the gigantocellular nucleus are cholinergic, none express calbindin and the expression of Egr-1 is not changed by the dopamine lesion. Our results suggest that ascending and descending motor connections of the PPN are largely mediated by different sets of neurons and there are cell type-specific changes in Parkinsonian rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martinez-Gonzalez
- MRC Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TH UK
| | - Judith van Andel
- MRC Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TH UK
| | - J. Paul Bolam
- MRC Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TH UK
| | - Juan Mena-Segovia
- MRC Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TH UK
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Dautan D, Huerta-Ocampo I, Witten IB, Deisseroth K, Bolam JP, Gerdjikov T, Mena-Segovia J. A major external source of cholinergic innervation of the striatum and nucleus accumbens originates in the brainstem. J Neurosci 2014; 34:4509-18. [PMID: 24671996 PMCID: PMC3965779 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5071-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic transmission in the striatal complex is critical for the modulation of the activity of local microcircuits and dopamine release. Release of acetylcholine has been considered to originate exclusively from a subtype of striatal interneuron that provides widespread innervation of the striatum. Cholinergic neurons of the pedunculopontine (PPN) and laterodorsal tegmental (LDT) nuclei indirectly influence the activity of the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens through their innervation of dopamine and thalamic neurons, which in turn converge at the same striatal levels. Here we show that cholinergic neurons in the brainstem also provide a direct innervation of the striatal complex. By the expression of fluorescent proteins in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)::Cre(+) transgenic rats, we selectively labeled cholinergic neurons in the rostral PPN, caudal PPN, and LDT. We show that cholinergic neurons topographically innervate wide areas of the striatal complex: rostral PPN preferentially innervates the dorsolateral striatum, and LDT preferentially innervates the medial striatum and nucleus accumbens core in which they principally form asymmetric synapses. Retrograde labeling combined with immunohistochemistry in wild-type rats confirmed the topography and cholinergic nature of the projection. Furthermore, transynaptic gene activation and conventional double retrograde labeling suggest that LDT neurons that innervate the nucleus accumbens also send collaterals to the thalamus and the dopaminergic midbrain, thus providing both direct and indirect projections, to the striatal complex. The differential activity of cholinergic interneurons and cholinergic neurons of the brainstem during reward-related paradigms suggest that the two systems play different but complementary roles in the processing of information in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dautan
- Medical Research Council Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Icnelia Huerta-Ocampo
- Medical Research Council Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, United Kingdom
| | - Ilana B. Witten
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton New Jersey 08540, and
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - J. Paul Bolam
- Medical Research Council Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, United Kingdom
| | - Todor Gerdjikov
- School of Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Mena-Segovia
- Medical Research Council Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, United Kingdom
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17
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Smith Y, Galvan A, Ellender TJ, Doig N, Villalba RM, Huerta-Ocampo I, Wichmann T, Bolam JP. The thalamostriatal system in normal and diseased states. Front Syst Neurosci 2014; 8:5. [PMID: 24523677 PMCID: PMC3906602 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of our limited knowledge of the functional role of the thalamostriatal system, this massive network is often ignored in models of the pathophysiology of brain disorders of basal ganglia origin, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). However, over the past decade, significant advances have led to a deeper understanding of the anatomical, electrophysiological, behavioral and pathological aspects of the thalamostriatal system. The cloning of the vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 (vGluT1 and vGluT2) has provided powerful tools to differentiate thalamostriatal from corticostriatal glutamatergic terminals, allowing us to carry out comparative studies of the synaptology and plasticity of these two systems in normal and pathological conditions. Findings from these studies have led to the recognition of two thalamostriatal systems, based on their differential origin from the caudal intralaminar nuclear group, the center median/parafascicular (CM/Pf) complex, or other thalamic nuclei. The recent use of optogenetic methods supports this model of the organization of the thalamostriatal systems, showing differences in functionality and glutamate receptor localization at thalamostriatal synapses from Pf and other thalamic nuclei. At the functional level, evidence largely gathered from thalamic recordings in awake monkeys strongly suggests that the thalamostriatal system from the CM/Pf is involved in regulating alertness and switching behaviors. Importantly, there is evidence that the caudal intralaminar nuclei and their axonal projections to the striatum partly degenerate in PD and that CM/Pf deep brain stimulation (DBS) may be therapeutically useful in several movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoland Smith
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA ; Department of Neurology, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA ; Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adriana Galvan
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA ; Department of Neurology, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA ; Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tommas J Ellender
- Department of Pharmacology, MRC Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit Oxford, UK
| | - Natalie Doig
- Department of Pharmacology, MRC Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit Oxford, UK
| | - Rosa M Villalba
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA ; Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Thomas Wichmann
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA ; Department of Neurology, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA ; Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Paul Bolam
- Department of Pharmacology, MRC Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit Oxford, UK
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Galvan A, Smith Y. The primate thalamostriatal systems: Anatomical organization, functional roles and possible involvement in Parkinson's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 1:179-189. [PMID: 22773963 DOI: 10.1016/j.baga.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The striatum receives glutamatergic inputs from two main thalamostriatal systems that originate either from the centre median/parafascicular complex (CM/PF-striatal system) or the rostral intralaminar, midline, associative and relay thalamic nuclei (non-CM/PF-striatal system). These dual thalamostriatal systems display striking differences in their anatomical and, most likely, functional organization. The CM/PF-striatal system is topographically organized, and integrated within functionally segregated basal ganglia-thalamostriatal circuits that process sensorimotor, associative and limbic information. CM/PF neurons are highly responsive to attention-related sensory stimuli, suggesting that the CM/PF-striatal system, through its strong connections with cholinergic interneurons, may play a role in basal ganglia-mediated learning, behavioral switching and reinforcement. In light of evidence for prominent CM/PF neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease, we propose that the significant CM-striatal system degeneration, combined with the severe nigrostriatal dopamine loss in sensorimotor striatal regions, may alter normal automatic actions, and shift the processing of basal ganglia-thalamocortical motor programs towards goal-directed behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Galvan
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road NE, Emory University Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta GA 30322 USA
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