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Serrano-Sponton L, Lange F, Dauth A, Krenzlin H, Perez A, Januschek E, Schumann S, Jussen D, Czabanka M, Ringel F, Keric N, Gonzalez-Escamilla G. Harnessing the frontal aslant tract's structure to assess its involvement in cognitive functions: new insights from 7-T diffusion imaging. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17455. [PMID: 39075100 PMCID: PMC11286763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67013-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The first therapeutical goal followed by neurooncological surgeons dealing with prefrontal gliomas is attempting supramarginal tumor resection preserving relevant neurological function. Therefore, advanced knowledge of the frontal aslant tract (FAT) functional neuroanatomy in high-order cognitive domains beyond language and speech processing would help refine neurosurgeries, predicting possible relevant cognitive adverse events and maximizing the surgical efficacy. To this aim we performed the recently developed correlational tractography analyses to evaluate the possible relationship between FAT's microstructural properties and cognitive functions in 27 healthy subjects having ultra-high-field (7-Tesla) diffusion MRI. We independently assessed FAT segments innervating the dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (dlPFC-FAT) and the supplementary motor area (SMA-FAT). FAT microstructural robustness, measured by the tract's quantitative anisotropy (QA), was associated with a better performance in episodic memory, visuospatial orientation, cognitive processing speed and fluid intelligence but not sustained selective attention tests. Overall, the percentual tract volume showing an association between QA-index and improved cognitive scores (pQACV) was higher in the SMA-FAT compared to the dlPFC-FAT segment. This effect was right-lateralized for verbal episodic memory and fluid intelligence and bilateralized for visuospatial orientation and cognitive processing speed. Our results provide novel evidence for a functional specialization of the FAT beyond the known in language and speech processing, particularly its involvement in several higher-order cognitive domains. In light of these findings, further research should be encouraged to focus on neurocognitive deficits and their impact on patient outcomes after FAT damage, especially in the context of glioma surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Serrano-Sponton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sana Clinic Offenbach, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Academic Hospitals, Starkenburgring 66, 63069, Offenbach am Main, Germany
| | - Felipa Lange
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeck Str. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alice Dauth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeck Str. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Harald Krenzlin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeck Str. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ana Perez
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital HF, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elke Januschek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sana Clinic Offenbach, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Academic Hospitals, Starkenburgring 66, 63069, Offenbach am Main, Germany
| | - Sven Schumann
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 13, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Jussen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marcus Czabanka
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Ringel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeck Str. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Naureen Keric
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeck Str. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gabriel Gonzalez-Escamilla
- Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation, Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeck Str. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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2
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Brown S. On the connection between creativity and aesthetics. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1377485. [PMID: 38873502 PMCID: PMC11169841 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1377485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Within cognitive psychology, there are separate experimental fields devoted to the study of creativity, on the one hand, and aesthetics, on the other, with virtually no cross-talk between them. In this article, I propose a means of uniting creativity and aesthetics via a consideration of the mechanisms of cultural evolution. I call this the creativity/aesthetics cycle. The basic tenet of the model is that creativity and aesthetics mediate, respectively, the processes of variation (production) and selection (perception or consumption) in evolutionary models of culture. By means of this cycle, creators produce works that they hope will be evaluated positively by consumers, where such appraisals ultimately feed back to influence the subsequent decision-making processes of creators. I discuss the implications of this model for the fields of creativity and aesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Brown
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Chiang H, Mudar RA, Dugas CS, Motes MA, Kraut MA, Hart J. A modified neural circuit framework for semantic memory retrieval with implications for circuit modulation to treat verbal retrieval deficits. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3490. [PMID: 38680077 PMCID: PMC11056716 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Word finding difficulty is a frequent complaint in older age and disease states, but treatment options are lacking for such verbal retrieval deficits. Better understanding of the neurophysiological and neuroanatomical basis of verbal retrieval function may inform effective interventions. In this article, we review the current evidence of a neural retrieval circuit central to verbal production, including words and semantic memory, that involves the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), striatum (particularly caudate nucleus), and thalamus. We aim to offer a modified neural circuit framework expanded upon a memory retrieval model proposed in 2013 by Hart et al., as evidence from electrophysiological, functional brain imaging, and noninvasive electrical brain stimulation studies have provided additional pieces of information that converge on a shared neural circuit for retrieval of memory and words. We propose that both the left inferior frontal gyrus and fronto-polar regions should be included in the expanded circuit. All these regions have their respective functional roles during verbal retrieval, such as selection and inhibition during search, initiation and termination of search, maintenance of co-activation across cortical regions, as well as final activation of the retrieved information. We will also highlight the structural connectivity from and to the pre-SMA (e.g., frontal aslant tract and fronto-striatal tract) that facilitates communication between the regions within this circuit. Finally, we will discuss how this circuit and its correlated activity may be affected by disease states and how this circuit may serve as a novel target engagement for neuromodulatory treatment of verbal retrieval deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh‐Sheng Chiang
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
- School of Behavioral and Brain SciencesThe University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
| | - Raksha A. Mudar
- Department of Speech and Hearing ScienceUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignIllinoisUSA
| | - Christine S. Dugas
- School of Behavioral and Brain SciencesThe University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
| | - Michael A. Motes
- School of Behavioral and Brain SciencesThe University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
| | - Michael A. Kraut
- Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - John Hart
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
- School of Behavioral and Brain SciencesThe University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
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4
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Peng Y, Wang Z. Differential Cortical and Subcortical Activations during Different Stages of Muscle Control: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Brain Sci 2024; 14:404. [PMID: 38672052 PMCID: PMC11048703 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Movement and muscle control are crucial for the survival of all free-living organisms. This study aimed to explore differential patterns of cortical and subcortical activation across different stages of muscle control using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). An event-related design was employed. In each trial, participants (n = 10) were instructed to gently press a button with their right index finger, hold it naturally for several seconds, and then relax the finger. Neural activation in these temporally separated stages was analyzed using a General Linear Model. Our findings revealed that a widely distributed cortical network, including the supplementary motor area and insula, was implicated not only in the pressing stage, but also in the relaxation stage, while only parts of the network were involved in the steady holding stage. Moreover, supporting the direct/indirect pathway model of the subcortical basal ganglia, their substructures played distinct roles in different stages of muscle control. The caudate nucleus exhibited greater involvement in muscle contraction, whereas the putamen demonstrated a stronger association with muscle relaxation; both structures were implicated in the pressing stage. Furthermore, the subthalamic nucleus was exclusively engaged during the muscle relaxation stage. We conclude that even the control of simple muscle movements involves intricate automatic higher sensory-motor integration at a neural level, particularly when coordinating relative muscle movements, including both muscle contraction and muscle relaxation; the cortical and subcortical regions assume distinct yet coordinated roles across different stages of muscle control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE & STCSM), Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;
| | - Zhaoxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE & STCSM), Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200355, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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Duque L, Ghafouri M, Nunez NA, Ospina JP, Philbrick KL, Port JD, Savica R, Prokop LJ, Rummans TA, Singh B. Functional neuroimaging in patients with catatonia: A systematic review. J Psychosom Res 2024; 179:111640. [PMID: 38484496 PMCID: PMC11006573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catatonia is a challenging and heterogeneous neuropsychiatric syndrome of motor, affective and behavioral dysregulation which has been associated with multiple disorders such as structural brain lesions, systemic diseases, and psychiatric disorders. This systematic review summarized and compared functional neuroimaging abnormalities in catatonia associated with psychiatric and medical conditions. METHODS Using PRISMA methods, we completed a systematic review of 6 databases from inception to February 7th, 2024 of patients with catatonia that had functional neuroimaging performed. RESULTS A total of 309 studies were identified through the systematic search and 62 met the criteria for full-text review. A total of 15 studies reported patients with catatonia associated with a psychiatric disorder (n = 241) and one study reported catatonia associated with another medical condition, involving patients with N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antibody encephalitis (n = 23). Findings varied across disorders, with hyperactivity observed in areas like the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the ventral pre-motor cortex in acute catatonia associated to a psychiatric disorder, hypoactivity in PFC, the parietal cortex, and the SMA in catatonia associated to a medical condition, and mixed metabolic activity in the study on catatonia linked to a medical condition. CONCLUSION Findings support the theory of dysfunction in cortico-striatal-thalamic, cortico-cerebellar, anterior cingulate-medial orbitofrontal, and lateral orbitofrontal networks in catatonia. However, the majority of the literature focuses on schizophrenia spectrum disorders, leaving the pathophysiologic characteristics of catatonia in other disorders less understood. This review highlights the need for further research to elucidate the pathophysiology of catatonia across various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Duque
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mohammad Ghafouri
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nicolas A Nunez
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Ospina
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - John D Port
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rodolfo Savica
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Teresa A Rummans
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Balwinder Singh
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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6
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Honkanen EA, Rönkä J, Pekkonen E, Aaltonen J, Koivu M, Eskola O, Eldebakey H, Volkmann J, Kaasinen V, Reich MM, Joutsa J. GPi-DBS-induced brain metabolic activation in cervical dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2024; 95:300-308. [PMID: 37758453 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2023-331668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus interna (GPi) is a highly efficacious treatment for cervical dystonia, but its mechanism of action is not fully understood. Here, we investigate the brain metabolic effects of GPi-DBS in cervical dystonia. METHODS Eleven patients with GPi-DBS underwent brain 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging during stimulation on and off. Changes in regional brain glucose metabolism were investigated at the active contact location and across the whole brain. Changes in motor symptom severity were quantified using the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS), executive function using trail making test (TMT) and parkinsonism using Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). RESULTS The mean (SD) best therapeutic response to DBS during the treatment was 81 (22)%. The TWSTRS score was 3.2 (3.9) points lower DBS on compared with off (p=0.02). At the stimulation site, stimulation was associated with increased metabolism, which correlated with DBS stimulation amplitude (r=0.70, p=0.03) but not with changes in motor symptom severity (p>0.9). In the whole brain analysis, stimulation increased metabolism in the GPi, subthalamic nucleus, putamen, primary sensorimotor cortex (PFDR<0.05). Acute improvement in TWSTRS correlated with metabolic activation in the sensorimotor cortex and overall treatment response in the supplementary motor area. Worsening of TMT-B score was associated with activation of the anterior cingulate cortex and parkinsonism with activation in the putamen. CONCLUSIONS GPi-DBS increases metabolic activity at the stimulation site and sensorimotor network. The clinical benefit and adverse effects are mediated by modulation of specific networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A Honkanen
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Satasairaala Central Hospital, Pori, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Rönkä
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eero Pekkonen
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juho Aaltonen
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maija Koivu
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Eskola
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hazem Eldebakey
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Valtteri Kaasinen
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Martin M Reich
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Juho Joutsa
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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7
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Villar-Rodríguez E, Cano-Melle C, Marin-Marin L, Parcet MA, Avila C. What happens to the inhibitory control functions of the right inferior frontal cortex when this area is dominant for language? eLife 2024; 12:RP86797. [PMID: 38236206 PMCID: PMC10945575 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
A low number of individuals show an atypical brain control of language functions that differs from the typical lateralization in the left cerebral hemisphere. In these cases, the neural distribution of other cognitive functions is not fully understood. Although there is a bias towards a mirrored brain organization consistent with the Causal hypothesis, some individuals are found to be exceptions to this rule. However, no study has focused on what happens to the homologous language areas in the right frontal inferior cortex. Using an fMRI-adapted stop-signal task in a healthy non right-handed sample (50 typically lateralized and 36 atypically lateralized for language production), our results show that atypical lateralization is associated with a mirrored brain organization of the inhibitory control network in the left hemisphere: inferior frontal cortex, presupplementary motor area, and subthalamic nucleus. However, the individual analyses revealed a large number of cases with a noteworthy overlap in the inferior frontal gyrus, which shared both inhibitory and language functions. Further analyses showed that atypical lateralization was associated with stronger functional interhemispheric connectivity and larger corpus callosum. Importantly, we did not find task performance differences as a function of lateralization, but there was an association between atypical dominance in the inferior frontal cortex and higher scores on schizotypy and autistic spectrum traits, as well as worse performance on a reading accuracy test. Together, these results partially support the Causal hypothesis of hemispheric specialization and provide further evidence of the link between atypical hemispheric lateralization and increased interhemispheric transfer through the corpus callosum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Cano-Melle
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging; Jaume I UniversityCastellón de la PlanaSpain
| | - Lidón Marin-Marin
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging; Jaume I UniversityCastellón de la PlanaSpain
| | - Maria Antònia Parcet
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging; Jaume I UniversityCastellón de la PlanaSpain
| | - César Avila
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging; Jaume I UniversityCastellón de la PlanaSpain
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Cai W, Tian H, Sun P, Hua T, Gong J, Zhang R, Wan L, Gu G, Zhang H, Tang G, Chen Q, Zhang L. Regional homogeneity alterations in patients with functional constipation and their associations with gene expression profiles. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad403. [PMID: 37981661 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional constipation, a highly prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder, often accompanies by mental and psychological disorders. Previous neuroimaging studies have demonstrated brain functional and structural alterations in patients with functional constipation. However, little is known about whether and how regional homogeneity is altered in these patients. Moreover, the potential genetic mechanisms associated with these alterations remain largely unknown. The study included 73 patients with functional constipation and 68 healthy controls, and regional homogeneity comparison was conducted to identify the abnormal spontaneous brain activities in patients with functional constipation. Using Allen Human Brain Atlas, we further investigated gene expression profiles associated with regional homogeneity alterations in functional constipation patients with partial least squares regression analysis applied. Compared with healthy controls, functional constipation patients demonstrated significantly decreased regional homogeneity in both bilateral caudate nucleus, putamen, anterior insula, thalamus and right middle cingulate cortex, supplementary motor area, and increased regional homogeneity in the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex. Genes related to synaptic signaling, central nervous system development, fatty acid metabolism, and immunity were spatially correlated with abnormal regional homogeneity patterns. Our findings showed significant regional homogeneity alterations in functional constipation patients, and the changes may be caused by complex polygenetic and poly-pathway mechanisms, which provides a new perspective on functional constipation's pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangli Cai
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hongliang Tian
- Department of Colorectal Disease, Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Peiwen Sun
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ting Hua
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jian Gong
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lidi Wan
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Guoqing Gu
- Department of Nursing, Wuliqiao Street Community Health Service Center, Shanghai 200023, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Chongming Branch of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 202157, China
| | - Guangyu Tang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Qiyi Chen
- Department of Colorectal Disease, Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
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9
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Martin S, Frieling R, Saur D, Hartwigsen G. TMS over the pre-SMA enhances semantic cognition via remote network effects on task-based activity and connectivity. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:1346-1357. [PMID: 37704032 PMCID: PMC10615837 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continuous decline of executive abilities with age is mirrored by increased neural activity of domain-general networks during task processing. So far, it remains unclear how much domain-general networks contribute to domain-specific processes such as language when cognitive demands increase. The current neuroimaging study explored the potential of intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) over a domain-general hub to enhance executive and semantic processing in healthy middle-aged to older adults. METHODS We implemented a cross-over within-subject study design with three task-based neuroimaging sessions per participant. Using an individualized stimulation approach, each participant received once effective and once sham iTBS over the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), a region of domain-general control. Subsequently, task-specific stimulation effects were assessed in functional MRI using a semantic and a non-verbal executive task with varying cognitive demand. RESULTS Effective stimulation increased activity only during semantic processing in visual and dorsal attention networks. Further, iTBS induced increased seed-based connectivity in task-specific networks for semantic and executive conditions with high cognitive load but overall reduced whole-brain coupling between domain-general networks. Notably, stimulation-induced changes in activity and connectivity related differently to behavior: While stronger activity of the parietal dorsal attention network was linked to poorer semantic performance, its enhanced coupling with the pre-SMA was associated with more efficient semantic processing. CONCLUSIONS iTBS modulates networks in a task-dependent manner and generates effects at regions remote to the stimulation site. These neural changes are linked to more efficient semantic processing, which underlines the general potential of network stimulation approaches in cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martin
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany; Language & Aphasia Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Regine Frieling
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dorothee Saur
- Language & Aphasia Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gesa Hartwigsen
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany; Wilhelm Wundt Institute for Psychology, Leipzig University, Neumarkt 9-19, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Cona G, Wiener M, Allegrini F, Scarpazza C. Gradient Organization of Space, Time, and Numbers in the Brain: A Meta-analysis of Neuroimaging Studies. Neuropsychol Rev 2023:10.1007/s11065-023-09609-z. [PMID: 37594695 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-023-09609-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we ran a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies to pinpoint the neural regions that are commonly activated across space, time, and numerosity, and we tested the existence of gradient transitions among these magnitude representations in the brain. Following PRISMA guidelines, we included in the meta-analysis 112 experiments (for space domain), 114 experiments (time domain), and 115 experiments (numerosity domain), and we used the activation likelihood estimation method. We found a system of brain regions that was commonly recruited in all the three magnitudes, which included bilateral insula, the supplementary motor area (SMA), the right inferior frontal gyrus, and bilateral intraparietal sulci. Gradiental transitions between different magnitudes were found along all these regions but insulae, with space and numbers leading to gradients mainly over parietal regions (and SMA) whereas time and numbers mainly over frontal regions. These findings provide evidence for the GradiATOM theory (Gradient Theory of Magnitude), suggesting that spatial proximity given by overlapping activations and gradients is a key aspect for efficient interactions and integrations among magnitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Cona
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy.
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Martin Wiener
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Francesco Allegrini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Scarpazza
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy
- IRCSS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
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11
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García‐Ramos BR, Villarroel R, González‐Mora JL, Revert C, Modroño C. Neurofunctional correlates of a neurorehabilitation system based on eye movements in chronic stroke impairment levels: A pilot study. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3049. [PMID: 37434341 PMCID: PMC10454340 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rehabilitation after a stroke is widely considered fundamental to improve secondary functional impairments. Accessible methods based on motor learning, motor transfer and virtual environments are necessary to help to improve stroke patients' quality of life. OBJECTIVES Continuing the line of our previous studies, this work investigated the effect of our new and innovative game-based virtual reality training using the control of virtual objects with gaze in three chronic stroke survivors. METHODS All participants performed an eye-controlled virtual training task for 4 weeks. Pre- and post-training evaluation were carried out with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for upper extremity scale as well as performing a tracking task inside an MRI scanner with a MRI-compatible eye-tracker or a joystick. RESULTS Neural results for each participant show the increase of activity in the motor cortex, basal ganglia and cerebellum for both effectors (hand or eye). CONCLUSION These promising results have a potential application as a new game-based neurorehabilitation approach to enhance the motor activity of stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebeca Villarroel
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas BásicasUniversidad de la LagunaTenerifeSpain
| | - José L. González‐Mora
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas BásicasUniversidad de la LagunaTenerifeSpain
- Instituto de Tecnologías BiomédicasUniversidad de la LagunaTenerifeSpain
- Instituto Universitario de NeurocienciaUniversidad de la LagunaTenerifeSpain
| | - Consuelo Revert
- Departamento de Medicina Física y FarmacologíaUniversidad de la LagunaTenerifeSpain
| | - Cristián Modroño
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas BásicasUniversidad de la LagunaTenerifeSpain
- Instituto de Tecnologías BiomédicasUniversidad de la LagunaTenerifeSpain
- Instituto Universitario de NeurocienciaUniversidad de la LagunaTenerifeSpain
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12
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Denyer R, Greenhouse I, Boyd LA. PMd and action preparation: bridging insights between TMS and single neuron research. Trends Cogn Sci 2023; 27:759-772. [PMID: 37244800 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) research has furthered understanding of human dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) function due to its unrivalled ability to measure the inhibitory and facilitatory influences of PMd over the primary motor cortex (M1) in a temporally precise manner. TMS research indicates that PMd transiently modulates inhibitory output to effector representations within M1 during motor preparation, with the direction of modulation depending on which effectors are selected for response, and the timing of modulations co-varying with task selection demands. In this review, we critically assess this literature in the context of a dynamical systems approach used to model nonhuman primate (NHP) PMd/M1 single-neuron recordings during action preparation. Through this process, we identify gaps in the literature and propose future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Denyer
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada.
| | - Ian Greenhouse
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97401, USA
| | - Lara A Boyd
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada
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13
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Unger N, Haeck M, Eickhoff SB, Camilleri JA, Dickscheid T, Mohlberg H, Bludau S, Caspers S, Amunts K. Cytoarchitectonic mapping of the human frontal operculum-New correlates for a variety of brain functions. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1087026. [PMID: 37448625 PMCID: PMC10336231 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1087026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The human frontal operculum (FOp) is a brain region that covers parts of the ventral frontal cortex next to the insula. Functional imaging studies showed activations in this region in tasks related to language, somatosensory, and cognitive functions. While the precise cytoarchitectonic areas that correlate to these processes have not yet been revealed, earlier receptorarchitectonic analysis resulted in a detailed parcellation of the FOp. We complemented this analysis by a cytoarchitectonic study of a sample of ten postmortem brains and mapped the posterior FOp in serial, cell-body stained histological sections using image analysis and multivariate statistics. Three new areas were identified: Op5 represents the most posterior area, followed by Op6 and the most anterior region Op7. Areas Op5-Op7 approach the insula, up to the circular sulcus. Area 44 of Broca's region, the most ventral part of premotor area 6, and parts of the parietal operculum are dorso-laterally adjacent to Op5-Op7. The areas did not show any interhemispheric or sex differences. Three-dimensional probability maps and a maximum probability map were generated in stereotaxic space, and then used, in a first proof-of-concept-study, for functional decoding and analysis of structural and functional connectivity. Functional decoding revealed different profiles of cytoarchitectonically identified Op5-Op7. While left Op6 was active in music cognition, right Op5 was involved in chewing/swallowing and sexual processing. Both areas showed activation during the exercise of isometric force in muscles. An involvement in the coordination of flexion/extension could be shown for the right Op6. Meta-analytic connectivity modeling revealed various functional connections of the FOp areas within motor and somatosensory networks, with the most evident connection with the music/language network for Op6 left. The new cytoarchitectonic maps are part of Julich-Brain, and publicly available to serve as a basis for future analyses of structural-functional relationships in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Unger
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Simon B. Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia A. Camilleri
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Timo Dickscheid
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hartmut Mohlberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bludau
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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14
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Dadario NB, Tanglay O, Sughrue ME. Deconvoluting human Brodmann area 8 based on its unique structural and functional connectivity. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1127143. [PMID: 37426900 PMCID: PMC10323427 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1127143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Brodmann area 8 (BA8) is traditionally defined as the prefrontal region of the human cerebrum just anterior to the premotor cortices and enveloping most of the superior frontal gyrus. Early studies have suggested the frontal eye fields are situated at its most caudal aspect, causing many to consider BA8 as primarily an ocular center which controls contralateral gaze and attention. However, years of refinement in cytoarchitectural studies have challenged this traditional anatomical definition, providing a refined definition of its boundaries with neighboring cortical areas and the presence of meaningful subdivisions. Furthermore, functional imaging studies have suggested its involvement in a diverse number of higher-order functions, such as motor, cognition, and language. Thus, our traditional working definition of BA8 has likely been insufficient to truly understand the complex structural and functional significance of this area. Recently, large-scale multi-modal neuroimaging approaches have allowed for improved mapping of the neural connectivity of the human brain. Insight into the structural and functional connectivity of the brain connectome, comprised of large-scale brain networks, has allowed for greater understanding of complex neurological functioning and pathophysiological diseases states. Simultaneously, the structural and functional connectivity of BA8 has recently been highlighted in various neuroimaging studies and detailed anatomic dissections. However, while Brodmann's nomenclature is still widely used today, such as for clinical discussions and the communication of research findings, the importance of the underlying connectivity of BA8 requires further review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B. Dadario
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Onur Tanglay
- Omniscient Neurotechnology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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15
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Hamajima H, Gomez-Tames J, Uehara S, Otaka Y, Tanaka S, Hirata A. Computation of group-level electric field in lower limb motor area for different tDCS montages. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 150:69-78. [PMID: 37023635 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) injects a weak electric current into the brain via electrodes attached to the scalp to modulate cortical excitability. tDCS is used to rebalance brain activity between affected and unaffected hemispheres in rehabilitation. However, a systematic quantitative evaluation of tDCS montage is not reported for the lower limbs. In this study, we computationally investigated the generated electric field intensity, polarity, and co-stimulation of cortical areas for lower limb targeting using high-resolution head models. METHODS Volume conductor models have thus been employed to estimate the electric field in the brain. A total of 18 head models of healthy subjects were used to calculate the group-level electric fields generated from four montages of tDCS for modulation of lower limbs. RESULTS C1-C2 montage delivered higher electric field intensities while reaching deeper regions of the lower-limb motor area. It produced a uniform polarization on the same hemisphere target with comparable intensities between hemispheres but with higher variability. CONCLUSIONS Proper montage selection allows reaching deeper regions of the lower-limb motor area with uniform polarization. SIGNIFICANCE First systematic computational study providing support to tDCS experimental studies using montages for the lower limb while considering polarity factor for balancing brain activity.
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16
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Ersoezlue E, Perneczky R, Tato M, Utecht J, Kurz C, Häckert J, Guersel S, Burow L, Koller G, Stoecklein S, Keeser D, Papazov B, Totzke M, Ballarini T, Brosseron F, Buerger K, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Glanz W, Haynes JD, Heneka MT, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Kleineidam L, Laske C, Maier F, Munk MH, Peters O, Priller J, Ramirez A, Roeske S, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Schott BH, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Teipel S, Unterfeld C, Wagner M, Wang X, Wiltfang J, Wolfsgruber S, Yakupov R, Duezel E, Jessen F, Rauchmann BS. A Residual Marker of Cognitive Reserve Is Associated with Resting-State Intrinsic Functional Connectivity Along the Alzheimer's Disease Continuum. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:925-940. [PMID: 36806502 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive reserve (CR) explains inter-individual differences in the impact of the neurodegenerative burden on cognitive functioning. A residual model was proposed to estimate CR more accurately than previous measures. However, associations between residual CR markers (CRM) and functional connectivity (FC) remain unexplored. OBJECTIVE To explore the associations between the CRM and intrinsic network connectivity (INC) in resting-state networks along the neuropathological-continuum of Alzheimer's disease (ADN). METHODS Three hundred eighteen participants from the DELCODE cohort were stratified using cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers according to the A(myloid-β)/T(au)/N(eurodegeneration) classification. CRM was calculated utilizing residuals obtained from a multilinear regression model predicting cognition from markers of disease burden. Using an independent component analysis in resting-state fMRI data, we measured INC of resting-state networks, i.e., default mode network (DMN), frontoparietal network (FPN), salience network (SAL), and dorsal attention network. The associations of INC with a composite memory score and CRM and the associations of CRM with the seed-to-voxel functional connectivity of memory-related were tested in general linear models. RESULTS CRM was positively associated with INC in the DMN in the entire cohort. The A+T+N+ group revealed an anti-correlation between the SAL and the DMN. Furthermore, CRM was positively associated with anti-correlation between memory-related regions in FPN and DMN in ADN and A+T/N+. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence that INC is associated with CRM in ADN defined as participants with amyloid pathology with or without cognitive symptoms, suggesting that the neural correlates of CR are mirrored in network FC in resting-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Ersoezlue
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.,Department of Gerontopsychiatry and Developmental Disorders, kbo-Isar-Amper-Klinikum Haar, University Teaching Hospital of LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Germany.,Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurology (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Maia Tato
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Utecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Kurz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Häckert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Selim Guersel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Lena Burow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Koller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Sophia Stoecklein
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurology (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.,Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurology (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Boris Papazov
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurology (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Marie Totzke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Munich), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Munich), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Germany.,Medical Center of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg, Germany
| | - John Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Germany.,Medical Center of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Tübingen, Germany.,Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty of University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Tübingen, Germany.,Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine Technical University of Munich, Germany.,University of Edinburgh and UK DRI Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Germany.,Medical Center of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany.,Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sandra Roeske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Germany.,Medical Center of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike J Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Chantal Unterfeld
- Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Germany.,Medical Center of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany.,Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Germany.,Medical Center of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emrah Duezel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty of University of Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Germany.,Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurology (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
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Knowledge generalization and the costs of multitasking. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:98-112. [PMID: 36347942 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Humans are able to rapidly perform novel tasks, but show pervasive performance costs when attempting to do two things at once. Traditionally, empirical and theoretical investigations into the sources of such multitasking interference have largely focused on multitasking in isolation to other cognitive functions, characterizing the conditions that give rise to performance decrements. Here we instead ask whether multitasking costs are linked to the system's capacity for knowledge generalization, as is required to perform novel tasks. We show how interrogation of the neurophysiological circuitry underlying these two facets of cognition yields further insights for both. Specifically, we demonstrate how a system that rapidly generalizes knowledge may induce multitasking costs owing to sharing of task contingencies between contexts in neural representations encoded in frontoparietal and striatal brain regions. We discuss neurophysiological insights suggesting that prolonged learning segregates such representations by refining the brain's model of task-relevant contingencies, thereby reducing information sharing between contexts and improving multitasking performance while reducing flexibility and generalization. These proposed neural mechanisms explain why the brain shows rapid task understanding, multitasking limitations and practice effects. In short, multitasking limits are the price we pay for behavioural flexibility.
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18
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Alekseev IM, Zuev AA. [Surgical treatment of tumors of the supplementary motor area]. ZHURNAL VOPROSY NEIROKHIRURGII IMENI N. N. BURDENKO 2023; 87:5-14. [PMID: 36763548 DOI: 10.17116/neiro2023870115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
After surgical treatment of tumors of the supplementary motor area (SMA) post-operative speech and/or motor neurological deficit may occur. OBJECTIVE To determinate frequency and reversibility of such deficit and identify risk factors for its development. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed postoperative outcomes in 34 patients with SMA tumors. Pre- and postoperative neurological status, localization of tumors, extent of resection relative to adjacent regions and relationship of tumor with white matter tracts were assessed. We also analyzed the influence of these factors on the risk of postoperative neurological impairment. RESULTS Postoperative neurological impairment occurred in 47% of cases. Complete or significant regression was observed in all patients within 5.7 month after surgery. Major risk factors were lesion of dominant hemisphere (p=0.029), tumor spreading to primary motor cortex (p=0.018) and resection of SMA together with cingulate gyrus (p=0.000). Location of frontal aslant tract in dominant hemisphere just near the tumor contributed to disorders regarding speech initiation and fluency (p=0.016). Resection of SMA with cingulate gyrus in dominant hemisphere affected development of more serious speech disorders (p=0.003). CONCLUSION Surgery for SMA tumors is safe and followed by favorable functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Alekseev
- Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Zuev
- Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russia
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19
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Kähkölä J, Lahtinen M, Keinänen T, Katisko J. Stimulation of the Presupplementary Motor Area Cluster of the Subthalamic Nucleus Predicts More Consistent Clinical Outcomes. Neurosurgery 2022; 92:1058-1065. [PMID: 36700693 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of diffusion tensor imaging and tractography has raised increasing interest in the functional targeting of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in Parkinson disease. OBJECTIVE To study, using deterministic tractography, the functional subdivisions of the STN and hyperdirect white matter connections located between the STN and the medial frontal cortex, especially the presupplementary motor area (preSMA), SMA, primary motor area (M1), and dorsolateral premotor cortex, and to study retrospectively whether this information correlates with clinical outcome. METHODS Twenty-two patients with Parkinson disease who underwent STN deep brain stimulation were analyzed. Using 3 T MR images, the medial frontal cortex was manually segmented into preSMA, SMA, M1, and dorsolateral premotor cortex, which were then used to determine the functional subdivisions of the lateral border of the STN. The intersectional quantities of the volume of activated tissue (VAT) and the hyperdirect white matter connections were calculated. The results were combined with clinical data including unilateral 12-month postoperative motor outcome and levodopa equivalent daily dose. RESULTS Stimulated clusters of the STN were connected mostly to the cortical SMA and preSMA regions. Patients with primarily preSMA cluster stimulation (presmaVAT% ≥ 50%) had good responses to the treatment with unilateral motor improvement over 40% and levodopa equivalent daily dose reduction over 60%. Larger VAT was not found to correlate with better patient outcomes. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to suggest that stimulating, predominantly, the STN cluster where preSMA hyperdirect pathways are located, could be predictive of more consistent treatment results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kähkölä
- Oulu Research Group of Advanced Surgical Technologies and Physics - ORGASTP, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maija Lahtinen
- Oulu Research Group of Advanced Surgical Technologies and Physics - ORGASTP, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Neurocenter, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuija Keinänen
- Oulu Research Group of Advanced Surgical Technologies and Physics - ORGASTP, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Neurocenter, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jani Katisko
- Oulu Research Group of Advanced Surgical Technologies and Physics - ORGASTP, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Neurocenter, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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20
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Rushmore RJ, Bouix S, Kubicki M, Rathi Y, Yeterian E, Makris N. HOA2.0-ComPaRe: A next generation Harvard-Oxford Atlas comparative parcellation reasoning method for human and macaque individual brain parcellation and atlases of the cerebral cortex. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:1035420. [PMID: 36439195 PMCID: PMC9684647 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.1035420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative structural neuroanatomy is a cornerstone for understanding human brain structure and function. A parcellation framework that relates systematically to fundamental principles of histological organization is an essential step in generating structural comparisons between species. In the present investigation, we developed a comparative parcellation reasoning system (ComPaRe), which is a formal ontological system in human and non-human primate brains based on the cortical cytoarchitectonic mapping used for both species as detailed by Brodmann. ComPaRe provides a theoretical foundation for mapping neural systems in humans and other species using neuroimaging. Based on this approach, we revised the methodology of the original Harvard-Oxford Atlas (HOA) system of brain parcellation to produce a comparative framework for the human (hHOA) and the rhesus monkey (mHOA) brains, which we refer to as HOA2.0-ComPaRe. In addition, we used dedicated segmentation software in the publicly available 3D Slicer platform to parcellate an individual human and rhesus monkey brain. This method produces quantitative morphometric parcellations in the individual brains. Based on these parcellations we created a representative template and 3D brain atlas for the two species, each based on a single subject. Thus, HOA2.0-ComPaRe provides a theoretical foundation for mapping neural systems in humans and other species using neuroimaging, while also representing a significant revision of the original human and macaque monkey HOA parcellation schemas. The methodology and atlases presented here can be used in basic and clinical neuroimaging for morphometric (volumetric) analysis, further generation of atlases, as well as localization of function and structural lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Jarrett Rushmore
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Edward Yeterian
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychology, Colby College, Waterville, ME, United States
| | - Nikos Makris
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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21
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Matsuda K, Nagasaka K, Kato J, Takashima I, Higo N. Structural plasticity of motor cortices assessed by voxel-based morphometry and immunohistochemical analysis following internal capsular infarcts in macaque monkeys. Cereb Cortex Commun 2022; 3:tgac046. [PMID: 36457456 PMCID: PMC9706438 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Compensatory plastic changes in the remaining intact brain regions are supposedly involved in functional recovery following stroke. Previously, a compensatory increase in cortical activation occurred in the ventral premotor cortex (PMv), which contributed to the recovery of dexterous hand movement in a macaque model of unilateral internal capsular infarcts. Herein, we investigated the structural plastic changes underlying functional changes together with voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis of magnetic resonance imaging data and immunohistochemical analysis using SMI-32 antibody in a macaque model. Unilateral internal capsular infarcts were pharmacologically induced in 5 macaques, and another 5 macaques were used as intact controls for immunohistochemical analysis. Three months post infarcts, we observed significant increases in the gray matter volume (GMV) and the dendritic arborization of layer V pyramidal neurons in the contralesional rostral PMv (F5) as well as the primary motor cortex (M1). The histological analysis revealed shrinkage of neuronal soma and dendrites in the ipsilesional M1 and several premotor cortices, despite not always detecting GMV reduction by VBM analysis. In conclusion, compensatory structural changes occur in the contralesional F5 and M1 during motor recovery following internal capsular infarcts, and the dendritic growth of pyramidal neurons is partially correlated with GMV increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Matsuda
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nagasaka
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 9503198, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 9503198, Japan
| | - Junpei Kato
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takashima
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Higo
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan
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22
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Sclocco R, Fisher H, Staley R, Han K, Mendez A, Bolender A, Coll-Font J, Kettner NW, Nguyen C, Kuo B, Napadow V. Cine gastric MRI reveals altered Gut-Brain Axis in Functional Dyspepsia: gastric motility is linked with brainstem-cortical fMRI connectivity. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14396. [PMID: 35560690 PMCID: PMC9529794 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a disorder of gut-brain interaction, and its putative pathophysiology involves dysregulation of gastric motility and central processing of gastric afference. The vagus nerve modulates gastric peristalsis and carries afferent sensory information to brainstem nuclei, specifically the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). Here, we combine MRI assessment of gastric kinematics with measures of NTS functional connectivity to the brain in patients with FD and healthy controls (HC), in order to elucidate how gut-brain axis communication is associated with FD pathophysiology. METHODS Functional dyspepsia and HC subjects experienced serial gastric MRI and brain fMRI following ingestion of a food-based contrast meal. Gastric function indices estimated from 4D cine MRI data were compared between FD and HC groups using repeated measure ANOVA models, controlling for ingested volume. Brain connectivity of the NTS was contrasted between groups and associated with gastric function indices. KEY RESULTS Propagation velocity of antral peristalsis was significantly lower in FD compared to HC. The brain network defined by NTS connectivity loaded most strongly onto the Default Mode Network, and more strongly onto the Frontoparietal Network in FD. FD also demonstrated higher NTS connectivity to insula, anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices, and pre-supplementary motor area. NTS connectivity was linked to propagation velocity in HC, but not FD, whereas peristalsis frequency was linked with NTS connectivity in patients with FD. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Our multi-modal MRI approach revealed lower peristaltic propagation velocity linked to altered brainstem-cortical functional connectivity in patients suffering from FD suggesting specific plasticity in gut-brain communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Sclocco
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Logan University, Chesterfield, MO, USA
| | - Harrison Fisher
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Rowan Staley
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Center for Neurointestinal Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyungsun Han
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Korean Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - April Mendez
- Department of Gastroenterology and Center for Neurointestinal Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Bolender
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Center for Neurointestinal Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jaume Coll-Font
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | | - Christopher Nguyen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Braden Kuo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Center for Neurointestinal Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vitaly Napadow
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Logan University, Chesterfield, MO, USA
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23
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Qi CX, Wen Z, Huang X. Reduction of Interhemispheric Homotopic Connectivity in Cognitive and Visual Information Processing Pathways in Patients With Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:882114. [PMID: 35865354 PMCID: PMC9295451 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.882114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a vision threatening autoimmune and inflammatory orbital disease, and has been reported to be associated with a wide range of structural and functional abnormalities of bilateral hemispheres. However, whether the interhemisphere functional connectivity (FC) of TAO patients is altered still remain unclear. A new technique called voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) combined with support vector machine (SVM) method was used in the present study to explore interhemispheric homotopic functional connectivity alterations in patients with TAO. Methods A total of 21 TAO patients (14 males and 7 females) and 21 wellmatched healthy controls (HCs, 14 males and 7 females), respectively, underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning in the resting state. We evaluated alterations in the resting state functional connectivity between hemispheres by applying VMHC method and then selected these abnormal brain regions as seed areas for subsequent study using FC method. Furthermore, the observed changes of regions in the VMHC analysis were chosen as classification features to differentiate patients with TAO from HCs through support vector machine (SVM) method. Results The results showed that compared with HCs, TAO patients showed significantly lower VMHC values in the bilateral postcentral gyrus, lingual gyrus, calcarine, middle temporal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus and angular. Moreover, significantly decreased FC values were found between the right postcentral gyrus/lingual gyrus/calcarine and left lingual gyrus/cuneus/superior occipital gyrus, left postcentral gyrus/lingual gyrus/calcarine and right lingual gyrus/ middle temporal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus and left cerebellum-8/lingual gyrus/middle occipital gyrus/supplementary motor area, left middle temporal gyrus and right middle occipital gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus/angular and left middle temporal pole (voxel-level p < 0.01, Gaussian random field correction, cluster-level p < 0.05). The SVM classification model achieved good performance in differentiating TAO patients from HCs (total accuracy: 73.81%; area under the curve: 0.79). Conclusion The present study revealed that the altered interhemisphere interaction and integration of information involved in cognitive and visual information processing pathways including the postcentral gyrus, cuneus, cerebellum, angular, widespread visual cortex and temporal cortex in patients with TAO relative to HC group. VMHC variability had potential value for accurately and specifically distinguishing patients with TAO from HCs. The new findings may provide novel insights into the neurological mechanisms underlying visual and cognitive disorders in patients with TAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xing Qi
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhi Wen
- Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Huang
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24
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Seitz RJ. Believing and Beliefs-Neurophysiological Underpinnings. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:880504. [PMID: 35517575 PMCID: PMC9063518 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.880504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger J Seitz
- Department of Neurology, Centre of Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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25
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Claus ED, Blaine SK, Witkiewitz K, Ansell EB. Sex moderates effects of alcohol and cannabis co-use on alcohol and stress reactivity. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:530-541. [PMID: 35229336 PMCID: PMC9018602 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simultaneous or concurrent use (co-use) of alcohol and cannabis is associated with greater use of both substances over time, academic difficulties, more severe substance use consequences, and adverse impacts on cognitive functioning than the use of a single substance or no substance use. This study examined potential neural mechanisms underlying co-use behaviors in comparison to single substance use. Specifically, we compared alcohol cue reactivity and stress-cue reactivity among individuals who reported frequent same-day co-use of alcohol and cannabis and individuals who reported only alcohol use. METHODS The sample included 88 individuals (41 women) who reported only alcohol use and 24 individuals (8 women) who reported co-use of alcohol and cannabis on at least 50% of drinking occasions. All participants completed fMRI stress and alcohol cue reactivity tasks. Because of known sex effects on stress reactivity and alcohol cue reactivity, we tested sex by co-use interactions. RESULTS During alcohol cue presentation, co-users had less activation in the thalamus and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex than alcohol-only users, effects that were driven by differences in responses to neutral cues. Examination of stress cue reactivity revealed sex by co-use interactions in the lingual gyrus, with women co-users showing a greater difference between negative and neutral cue reactivity than all other groups. In addition, women co-users had greater connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and both the medial orbitofrontal cortex and the rostral anterior cingulate cortex during negative cue presentation than the other groups. CONCLUSIONS These results provide preliminary evidence of enhanced stress cue reactivity in individuals reporting co-use of alcohol and cannabis, particularly women co-users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Claus
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sara K Blaine
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Emily B Ansell
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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26
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Possible limitations of perceptual studies for informing production networks - the case of laughter. Cortex 2022; 148:218-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Leodori G, De Bartolo MI, Guerra A, Fabbrini A, Rocchi L, Latorre A, Paparella G, Belvisi D, Conte A, Bhatia KP, Rothwell JC, Berardelli A. Motor Cortical Network Excitability in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2022; 37:734-744. [PMID: 35001420 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) reflects changes in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit converging on the primary motor cortex (M1) and supplementary motor area (SMA). Previous studies assessed M1 excitability in PD using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked electromyographic activity. TMS-evoked electroencephalographic activity may unveil broader motor cortical network changes in PD. OBJECTIVE The aim was to assess motor cortical network excitability in PD. METHODS We compared TMS-evoked cortical potentials (TEPs) from M1 and the pre-SMA between 20 PD patients tested off and on medication and 19 healthy controls (HCs) and investigated possible correlations with bradykinesia. RESULTS Off PD patients compared to HCs had smaller P30 responses from the M1s contralateral (M1+) and ipsilateral (M1-) to the most bradykinetic side and increased pre-SMA N40. Dopaminergic therapy normalized the amplitude of M1+ and M1- P30 as well as pre-SMA N40. We found a positive correlation between M1+ P30 amplitude and bradykinesia in off PD patients. CONCLUSIONS Changes in M1 P30 and pre-SMA N40 in PD suggest that M1 excitability is reduced on both sides, whereas pre-SMA excitability is increased. The effect of dopaminergic therapy and the clinical correlation suggest that these cortical changes may reflect abnormal basal ganglia-thalamocortical activity. TMS electroencephalography provides novel insight into motor cortical network changes related to the pathophysiology of PD. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Leodori
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Fabbrini
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rocchi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna Latorre
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Daniele Belvisi
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Conte
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John C Rothwell
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Krishnamurthy V, Paredes Spir I, Mammino KM, Nocera JR, McGregor KM, Crosson BA, Krishnamurthy LC. The Relationship Between Resting Cerebral Blood Flow, Neurometabolites, Cardio-Respiratory Fitness and Aging-Related Cognitive Decline. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:923076. [PMID: 35757218 PMCID: PMC9218954 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.923076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Older adults typically experience a decline in cognitive function, but improvements in physical health and lifestyle can be neuroprotective across the human lifespan. The primary objective of this study is to advance our basic understanding of how cardiorespiratory fitness and neurophysiological attributes relate to cognitive decline. While cerebral blood flow (CBF) is critical for the supply of nutrients to the tissue, the brain's major neurotransmitters (i.e., gamma-aminobutyric acid, GABA, and glutamate-glutamine complex, Glx) are closely linked to oxidative metabolism. Within the context of flow-metabolism coupling, the critical question is how these neurophysiological parameters interplay, resulting in cognitive decline. Further, how cardiorespiratory fitness may impact aging neurophysiology and cognition is not well understood. To address these questions, we recruited 10 younger and 12 older cognitively intact participants to collect GABA and Glx using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), CBF using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), VO2max as a measure of cardiorespiratory fitness using the YMCA submax test, and cognitive and motor-cognitive measures using a battery of behavioral assessments. We observed expected differences in GABA+, Glx, and CBF between younger and older participants in pre-SMA, a frontal domain-general region. When GABA+ and Glx were related to CBF via multiple linear regression, Glx was identified as the main contributor to the model. For higher-order executive function (i.e., inhibition versus color naming), GABA*Glx*CBF interaction was critical in younger, while only Glx was involved in older participants. For unimanual motor dexterity, GABA*Glx interaction was the common denominator across both groups, but younger participants' brain also engages CBF. In terms of selective motor inhibition, CBF from younger participants was the only major neurophysiological factor. In terms of fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness was significantly related to GABA, Glx, and motor performance when combining cohorts, but no group-specific relationships were observed. Taken together, our results indicate that Glx and CBF coupling decreases with aging, perhaps due to altered glial oxidative metabolism. Our data suggest that GABA, Glx, and CBF are engaged and weighted differently for different cognitive measures sensitized to aging, and higher fitness allows for a more efficient metabolic shift that facilitates improved performance on cognitive-motor tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatagiri Krishnamurthy
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, GA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Isabella Paredes Spir
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Kevin M Mammino
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Joe R Nocera
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, GA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Keith M McGregor
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, GA, United States.,Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Birmingham/Atlanta VA GRECC, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Bruce A Crosson
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, GA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lisa C Krishnamurthy
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, GA, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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29
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Krishnamurthy LC, Paredes Spir I, Rocha NO, Soher BJ, Auerbach EJ, Crosson BA, Krishnamurthy V. The association between language-based task-functional magnetic resonance imaging hemodynamics and baseline GABA+ and glutamate-glutamine measured in pre-supplementary motor area: A pilot study in an aging model. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:904845. [PMID: 36046162 PMCID: PMC9421126 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.904845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural phenomenon that elicits slow and progressive cerebrovascular and neurophysiological changes that eventually lead to cognitive decline. The objective of this pilot study is to examine the association of GABA+ and glutamate-glutamine (Glx) complex with language-based blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) hemodynamics in an aging model. More specifically, using standard BOLD we will first attempt to validate whether previously reported findings for BOLD amplitude and resting neurochemical relationships hold in an aging model. Secondly, we will investigate how our recently established neurosensitized task-BOLD energetics relate to resting GABA+ and Glx, especially accounting for titration of task difficulty. To support the above endeavors, we optimize the baseline fitting for edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) difference spectra to sensitize GABA+ and Glx concentrations to aging-related differences. We identify a spline-knot spacing of 0.6ppm to yield the optimal aging-related differences in GABA+ and Glx. The optimized MRS values were then graduated to relate to task-BOLD hemodynamics. Our results did not replicate previous findings that relate task-BOLD amplitude and resting GABA+ and Glx. However, we did identify neurochemistry relationships with the vascularly-driven dispersion component of the hemodynamic response function, specifically in older participants. In terms of neuro-sensitized BOLD energetics and the underlying role of GABA+ and Glx, our data suggests that the task demands are supported by both neurometabolites depending on the difficulty of the task stimuli. Another novelty is that we developed task-based functional parcellation of pre-SMA using both groups. In sum, we are the first to demonstrate that multimodal task-fMRI and MRS studies are beneficial to improve our understanding of the aging brain physiology, and to set the platform to better inform approaches for clinical care in aging-related neurovascular diseases. We also urge future studies to replicate our findings in a larger population incorporating a lifespan framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Krishnamurthy
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, GA, United States.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Isabella Paredes Spir
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Natalie O Rocha
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, GA, United States.,Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Brian J Soher
- Center for Advanced MR Development, Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Edward J Auerbach
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Bruce A Crosson
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, GA, United States.,Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Venkatagiri Krishnamurthy
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, GA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Brown S, Kim E. The neural basis of creative production: A cross-modal ALE meta-analysis. OPEN PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psych-2020-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
One of the central questions about the cognitive neuroscience of creativity is the extent to which creativity depends on either domain-specific or domain-general mechanisms. To address this question, we carried out two parallel activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses of creativity: 1) a motoric analysis that combined studies across five domains of creative production (verbalizing, music, movement, writing, and drawing), and 2) an analysis of the standard ideational task used to study divergent thinking, the Alternate Uses task. All experiments contained a contrast between a creative task and a matched non-creative or less-creative task that controlled for the sensorimotor demands of task performance. The activation profiles of the two meta-analyses were non-overlapping, but both pointed to a domain-specific interpretation in which creative production is, at least in part, an enhancement of sensorimotor brain areas involved in non-creative production. The most concordant areas of activation in the motoric meta-analysis were high-level motor areas such as the pre-supplementary motor area and inferior frontal gyrus that interface motor planning and executive control, suggesting a means of uniting domain-specificity and -generality in creative production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Brown
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour , McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , Canada
| | - Eunseon Kim
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour , McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , Canada
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Murty DVPS, Song S, Morrow K, Kim J, Hu K, Pessoa L. Distributed and Multifaceted Effects of Threat and Safety. J Cogn Neurosci 2021; 34:495-516. [PMID: 34942650 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In the present fMRI study, we examined how anxious apprehension is processed in the human brain. A central goal of the study was to test the prediction that a subset of brain regions would exhibit sustained response profiles during threat periods, including the anterior insula, a region implicated in anxiety disorders. A second important goal was to evaluate the responses in the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminals, regions that have been suggested to be involved in more transient and sustained threat, respectively. A total of 109 participants performed an experiment in which they encountered "threat" or "safe" trials lasting approximately 16 sec. During the former, they experienced zero to three highly unpleasant electrical stimulations, whereas in the latter, they experienced zero to three benign electrical stimulations (not perceived as unpleasant). The timing of the stimulation during trials was randomized, and as some trials contained no stimulation, stimulation delivery was uncertain. We contrasted responses during threat and safe trials that did not contain electrical stimulation, but only the potential that unpleasant (threat) or benign (safe) stimulation could occur. We employed Bayesian multilevel analysis to contrast responses to threat and safe trials in 85 brain regions implicated in threat processing. Our results revealed that the effect of anxious apprehension is distributed across the brain and that the temporal evolution of the responses is quite varied, including more transient and more sustained profiles, as well as signal increases and decreases with threat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kesong Hu
- Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, MI
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Inter-individual differences in pain anticipation and pain perception in migraine: Neural correlates of migraine frequency and cortisol-to-dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) ratio. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261570. [PMID: 34929017 PMCID: PMC8687546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies targeting inter-individual differences in pain processing in migraine mainly focused on the perception of pain. Our main aim was to disentangle pain anticipation and perception using a classical fear conditioning task, and investigate how migraine frequency and pre-scan cortisol-to-dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) ratio as an index of neurobiological stress response would relate to neural activation in these two phases. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data of 23 participants (18 females; mean age: 27.61± 5.36) with episodic migraine without aura were analysed. We found that migraine frequency was significantly associated with pain anticipation in brain regions comprising the midcingulate and caudate, whereas pre-scan cortisol-to DHEA-S ratio was related to pain perception in the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA). Both results suggest exaggerated preparatory responses to pain or more general to stressors, which may contribute to the allostatic load caused by stressors and migraine attacks on the brain.
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Draganova R, Konietschke F, Steiner KM, Elangovan N, Gümüs M, Göricke SM, Ernst TM, Deistung A, van Eimeren T, Konczak J, Timmann D. Motor training-related brain reorganization in patients with cerebellar degeneration. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 43:1611-1629. [PMID: 34894171 PMCID: PMC8886660 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar degeneration progressively impairs motor function. Recent research showed that cerebellar patients can improve motor performance with practice, but the optimal feedback type (visual, proprioceptive, verbal) for such learning and the underlying neuroplastic changes are unknown. Here, patients with cerebellar degeneration (N = 40) and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (N = 40) practiced single‐joint, goal‐directed forearm movements for 5 days. Cerebellar patients improved performance during visuomotor practice, but a training focusing on either proprioceptive feedback, or explicit verbal feedback and instruction did not show additional benefits. Voxel‐based morphometry revealed that after training gray matter volume (GMV) was increased prominently in the visual association cortices of controls, whereas cerebellar patients exhibited GMV increase predominantly in premotor cortex. The premotor cortex as a recipient of cerebellar efferents appears to be an important hub in compensatory remodeling following damage of the cerebro‐cerebellar motor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossitza Draganova
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank Konietschke
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina M Steiner
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Naveen Elangovan
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Meltem Gümüs
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sophia M Göricke
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas M Ernst
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Deistung
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department for Radiation Medicine, University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thilo van Eimeren
- Multimodal Neuroimaging Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Konczak
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Busan P, Moret B, Masina F, Del Ben G, Campana G. Speech Fluency Improvement in Developmental Stuttering Using Non-invasive Brain Stimulation: Insights From Available Evidence. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:662016. [PMID: 34456692 PMCID: PMC8386014 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.662016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental stuttering (DS) is a disturbance of the normal rhythm of speech that may be interpreted as very debilitating in the most affected cases. Interventions for DS are historically based on the behavioral modifications of speech patterns (e.g., through speech therapy), which are useful to regain a better speech fluency. However, a great variability in intervention outcomes is normally observed, and no definitive evidence is currently available to resolve stuttering, especially in the case of its persistence in adulthood. In the last few decades, DS has been increasingly considered as a functional disturbance, affecting the correct programming of complex motor sequences such as speech. Compatibly, understanding of the neurophysiological bases of DS has dramatically improved, thanks to neuroimaging, and techniques able to interact with neural tissue functioning [e.g., non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS)]. In this context, the dysfunctional activity of the cortico-basal-thalamo-cortical networks, as well as the defective patterns of connectivity, seems to play a key role, especially in sensorimotor networks. As a consequence, a direct action on the functionality of "defective" or "impaired" brain circuits may help people who stutter to manage dysfluencies in a better way. This may also "potentiate" available interventions, thus favoring more stable outcomes of speech fluency. Attempts aiming at modulating (and improving) brain functioning of people who stutter, realized by using NIBS, are quickly increasing. Here, we will review these recent advancements being applied to the treatment of DS. Insights will be useful not only to assess whether the speech fluency of people who stutter may be ameliorated by acting directly on brain functioning but also will provide further suggestions about the complex and dynamic pathophysiology of DS, where causal effects and "adaptive''/''maladaptive" compensation mechanisms may be strongly overlapped. In conclusion, this review focuses future research toward more specific, targeted, and effective interventions for DS, based on neuromodulation of brain functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giovanni Del Ben
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianluca Campana
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Convolutional neural networks for cytoarchitectonic brain mapping at large scale. Neuroimage 2021; 240:118327. [PMID: 34224853 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human brain atlases provide spatial reference systems for data characterizing brain organization at different levels, coming from different brains. Cytoarchitecture is a basic principle of the microstructural organization of the brain, as regional differences in the arrangement and composition of neuronal cells are indicators of changes in connectivity and function. Automated scanning procedures and observer-independent methods are prerequisites to reliably identify cytoarchitectonic areas, and to achieve reproducible models of brain segregation. Time becomes a key factor when moving from the analysis of single regions of interest towards high-throughput scanning of large series of whole-brain sections. Here we present a new workflow for mapping cytoarchitectonic areas in large series of cell-body stained histological sections of human postmortem brains. It is based on a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), which is trained on a pair of section images with annotations, with a large number of un-annotated sections in between. The model learns to create all missing annotations in between with high accuracy, and faster than our previous workflow based on observer-independent mapping. The new workflow does not require preceding 3D-reconstruction of sections, and is robust against histological artefacts. It processes large data sets with sizes in the order of multiple Terabytes efficiently. The workflow was integrated into a web interface, to allow access without expertise in deep learning and batch computing. Applying deep neural networks for cytoarchitectonic mapping opens new perspectives to enable high-resolution models of brain areas, introducing CNNs to identify borders of brain areas.
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Kieliba P, Clode D, Maimon-Mor RO, Makin TR. Robotic hand augmentation drives changes in neural body representation. Sci Robot 2021; 6:eabd7935. [PMID: 34043536 PMCID: PMC7612043 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abd7935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Humans have long been fascinated by the opportunities afforded through augmentation. This vision not only depends on technological innovations but also critically relies on our brain's ability to learn, adapt, and interface with augmentation devices. Here, we investigated whether successful motor augmentation with an extra robotic thumb can be achieved and what its implications are on the neural representation and function of the biological hand. Able-bodied participants were trained to use an extra robotic thumb (called the Third Thumb) over 5 days, including both lab-based and unstructured daily use. We challenged participants to complete normally bimanual tasks using only the augmented hand and examined their ability to develop hand-robot interactions. Participants were tested on a variety of behavioral and brain imaging tests, designed to interrogate the augmented hand's representation before and after the training. Training improved Third Thumb motor control, dexterity, and hand-robot coordination, even when cognitive load was increased or when vision was occluded. It also resulted in increased sense of embodiment over the Third Thumb. Consequently, augmentation influenced key aspects of hand representation and motor control. Third Thumb usage weakened natural kinematic synergies of the biological hand. Furthermore, brain decoding revealed a mild collapse of the augmented hand's motor representation after training, even while the Third Thumb was not worn. Together, our findings demonstrate that motor augmentation can be readily achieved, with potential for flexible use, reduced cognitive reliance, and increased sense of embodiment. Yet, augmentation may incur changes to the biological hand representation. Such neurocognitive consequences are crucial for successful implementation of future augmentation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kieliba
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AZ, UK
| | - Danielle Clode
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AZ, UK
- Dani Clode design, 40 Hillside Road, London SW2 3HW, UK
| | - Roni O Maimon-Mor
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AZ, UK
- WIN Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Tamar R Makin
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AZ, UK.
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
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Reward and fictive prediction error signals in ventral striatum: asymmetry between factual and counterfactual processing. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:1553-1569. [PMID: 33839955 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Reward prediction error, the difference between the expected and obtained reward, is known to act as a reinforcement learning neural signal. In the current study, we propose a model fitting approach that combines behavioral and neural data to fit computational models of reinforcement learning. Briefly, we penalized subject-specific fitted parameters that moved away too far from the group median, except when that deviation led to an improvement in the model's fit to neural responses. By means of a probabilistic monetary learning task and fMRI, we compared our approach with standard model fitting methods. Q-learning outperformed actor-critic at both behavioral and neural level, although the inclusion of neuroimaging data into model fitting improved the fit of actor-critic models. We observed both action-value and state-value prediction error signals in the striatum, while standard model fitting approaches failed to capture state-value signals. Finally, left ventral striatum correlated with reward prediction error while right ventral striatum with fictive prediction error, suggesting a functional hemispheric asymmetry regarding prediction-error driven learning.
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Mantovani A, Neri F, D'Urso G, Mencarelli L, Tatti E, Momi D, Menardi A, Sprugnoli G, Santarnecchi E, Rossi S. Functional connectivity changes and symptoms improvement after personalized, double-daily dosing, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A pilot study. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 136:560-570. [PMID: 33158554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors that characterize obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) are associated to aberrant resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) patterns within the cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuits. A high percentage of OCD patients do not respond to conventional pharmacological treatments or psychotherapy. In these patients, inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the Supplementary Motor Area (SMA) resulted in a significant clinical benefit. METHODS In the current study, we applied a novel protocol of 1-week MRI-guided individualized double-daily sessions of rTMS treatment (1-Hz; 110% of resting Motor Threshold/7200 pulses/day), to bilateral SMA in 9 OCD patients. We tested its (i) feasibility-safety, (ii) clinical efficacy and (iii) rsFC related changes. RESULTS Patients reported no side effects during and after rTMS. Personalized rTMS treatment led to a significant improvement of OCD symptoms (average 25%; p = .005) and persistence of benefit up to 3-month follow-up. rsFC analysis revealed a significant reduction of connectivity patterns between bilateral SMA and subcortical regions, specifically in the basal ganglia and thalamus. Additional analysis showed that OCD symptoms severity correlates with a higher connectivity pattern between bilateral SMA and subcortical regions. CONCLUSIONS rTMS double-daily sessions are safe, feasible and effective in OCD. The clinical outcomes, that are consistent with those found in our previous RCT, are linked to a decreased connectivity between SMA and subcortical brain areas implicated in control over obsessions and maladaptive compulsive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mantovani
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, CUNY, School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Francesco Neri
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy.
| | - Giordano D'Urso
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Mencarelli
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy; Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisa Tatti
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, CUNY, School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Davide Momi
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy; Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arianna Menardi
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy; Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giulia Sprugnoli
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy; Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simone Rossi
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena School of Medicine, Siena, Italy
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Briggs RG, Allan PG, Poologaindran A, Dadario NB, Young IM, Ahsan SA, Teo C, Sughrue ME. The Frontal Aslant Tract and Supplementary Motor Area Syndrome: Moving towards a Connectomic Initiation Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051116. [PMID: 33807749 PMCID: PMC7961364 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Connectomics enables us to map whole brain networks that can be applied to operative neurosurgery to improve neuro-oncological outcomes. Damage to the superior frontal gyrus during frontal lobe surgery is thought to induce supplementary motor area (SMA) syndrome in patients. However, network-based modeling may provide a more accurate cortical model of SMA syndrome, including the Frontal Aslant Tract (FAT). The aim of our study was to retrospectively assess if surgical tractography with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) decreases the likelihood of SMA syndrome. Compared to patients who underwent surgery preserving the SFG (n = 23), patients who had their FAT and SMA networks mapped through DTI and subsequently preserved were less likely to experience transient SMA syndrome. Preserving the FAT and SMA improves functional outcomes in patients following medial frontal glioma surgery and demonstrates how network-based approaches can improve surgical outcomes. Abstract Connectomics is the use of big data to map the brain’s neural infrastructure; employing such technology to improve surgical planning may improve neuro-oncological outcomes. Supplementary motor area (SMA) syndrome is a well-known complication of medial frontal lobe surgery. The ‘localizationist’ view posits that damage to the posteromedial bank of the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) is the basis of SMA syndrome. However, surgical experience within the frontal lobe suggests that this is not entirely true. In a study on n = 45 patients undergoing frontal lobe glioma surgery, we sought to determine if a ‘connectomic’ or network-based approach can decrease the likelihood of SMA syndrome. The control group (n = 23) underwent surgery avoiding the posterior bank of the SFG while the treatment group (n = 22) underwent mapping of the SMA network and Frontal Aslant Tract (FAT) using network analysis and DTI tractography. Patient outcomes were assessed post operatively and in subsequent follow-ups. Fewer patients (8.3%) in the treatment group experienced transient SMA syndrome compared to the control group (47%) (p = 0.003). There was no statistically significant difference found between the occurrence of permanent SMA syndrome between control and treatment groups. We demonstrate how utilizing tractography and a network-based approach decreases the likelihood of transient SMA syndrome during medial frontal glioma surgery. We found that not transecting the FAT and the SMA system improved outcomes which may be important for functional outcomes and patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. Briggs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.G.B.); (P.G.A.)
| | - Parker G. Allan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.G.B.); (P.G.A.)
| | - Anujan Poologaindran
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK;
- Doctoral Program, The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, London NW1 2DB, UK
| | - Nicholas B. Dadario
- Department of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney 2031, Australia; (N.B.D.); (I.M.Y.); (S.A.A.); (C.T.)
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Isabella M. Young
- Department of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney 2031, Australia; (N.B.D.); (I.M.Y.); (S.A.A.); (C.T.)
| | - Syed A. Ahsan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney 2031, Australia; (N.B.D.); (I.M.Y.); (S.A.A.); (C.T.)
| | - Charles Teo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney 2031, Australia; (N.B.D.); (I.M.Y.); (S.A.A.); (C.T.)
| | - Michael E. Sughrue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney 2031, Australia; (N.B.D.); (I.M.Y.); (S.A.A.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence:
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La Corte E, Eldahaby D, Greco E, Aquino D, Bertolini G, Levi V, Ottenhausen M, Demichelis G, Romito LM, Acerbi F, Broggi M, Schiariti MP, Ferroli P, Bruzzone MG, Serrao G. The Frontal Aslant Tract: A Systematic Review for Neurosurgical Applications. Front Neurol 2021; 12:641586. [PMID: 33732210 PMCID: PMC7959833 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.641586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The frontal aslant tract (FAT) is a recently identified white matter tract connecting the supplementary motor complex and lateral superior frontal gyrus to the inferior frontal gyrus. Advancements in neuroimaging and refinements to anatomical dissection techniques of the human brain white matter contributed to the recent description of the FAT anatomical and functional connectivity and its role in the pathogenesis of several neurological, psychiatric, and neurosurgical disorders. Through the application of diffusion tractography and intraoperative electrical brain stimulation, the FAT was shown to have a role in speech and language functions (verbal fluency, initiation and inhibition of speech, sentence production, and lexical decision), working memory, visual–motor activities, orofacial movements, social community tasks, attention, and music processing. Microstructural alterations of the FAT have also been associated with neurological disorders, such as primary progressive aphasia, post-stroke aphasia, stuttering, Foix–Chavany–Marie syndrome, social communication deficit in autism spectrum disorders, and attention–deficit hyperactivity disorder. We provide a systematic review of the current literature about the FAT anatomical connectivity and functional roles. Specifically, the aim of the present study relies on providing an overview for practical neurosurgical applications for the pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative assessment of patients with brain tumors located around and within the FAT. Moreover, some useful tests are suggested for the neurosurgical evaluation of FAT integrity to plan a safer surgery and to reduce post-operative deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele La Corte
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Eldahaby
- San Paolo Medical School, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Greco
- San Paolo Medical School, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Aquino
- Neuroradiology Department, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Bertolini
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Levi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Malte Ottenhausen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Greta Demichelis
- Neuroradiology Department, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Michele Romito
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Acerbi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Morgan Broggi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Paolo Schiariti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ferroli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bruzzone
- Neuroradiology Department, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Graziano Serrao
- San Paolo Medical School, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Köster H, Müller-Schmitz K, Kolman AGJ, Seitz RJ. Deficient visuomotor hand coordination in normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Neurol 2021; 268:2843-2850. [PMID: 33594453 PMCID: PMC8289764 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate if visuomotor coordination of hand movements is impaired in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) identified by dedicated testing procedures. Methods Forty-seven patients admitted for diagnostic workup for suspected NPH were studied prospectively with MRI, testing of cognitive and motor functions, lumbar puncture, and visuomotor coordination of hand movements using the PABLOR-device before and after a spinal tap of 40–50 ml CSF. Statistical analyses were carried out with repeated measures ANOVA and non-parametric correlation analyses. Results Fourteen patients were found to suffer from ideopathic NPH. They were severely impaired in visuomotor control of intermittent arm movements in comparison to patients who were found not to be affected by NPH (n = 18). In the patients with NPH the deficient arm control was improved after the spinal tap in proportion to the improvement of gait. There was no improvement of cognitive and motor functions in the patients not affected by NPH, while the patients with possible NPH (n = 15) showed intermediate deficit and improvement patterns. Interpretation: Our data underline the importance of a multiparametric assessment of NPH and provide evidence for a motor control deficit in idiopathic NPH involving leg and arm movements. It is suggested that this motor control deficit resulted from an affection of the output tracts from the supplementary motor area in the periventricular vicinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Köster
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstrasse 2, 40629, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Müller-Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstrasse 2, 40629, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Aschwin G J Kolman
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstrasse 2, 40629, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rüdiger J Seitz
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstrasse 2, 40629, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Florey Neuroscience Institutes, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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43
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Sanz-Esteban I, Cano-de-la-Cuerda R, San-Martín-Gómez A, Jiménez-Antona C, Monge-Pereira E, Estrada-Barranco C, Serrano JI. Cortical activity during sensorial tactile stimulation in healthy adults through Vojta therapy. A randomized pilot controlled trial. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2021; 18:13. [PMID: 33478517 PMCID: PMC7818565 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-021-00824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brain’s is stimulated by Vojta Therapy through selected body areas activating stored innate motor programs which are exported as coordinate movement and muscle contractions to trunk and limbs. The aim of this pilot study is to know the responses at cortical level to a specific tactile input, assessed by electroencephalography (EEG), compared to a sham stimulation, in healthy subjects. Methods A randomized-controlled trial was conducted. Participants were randomly distributed into two groups: a non-specific tactile input-group (non-STI-group) (n = 20) and a Vojta specific tactile input-group (V-STI-group) (n = 20). The non-STI-group was stimulated in a non specific area (quadriceps distal area) and V-STI-group was stimulated in a specific area (intercostal space, at the mammillary line between the 7th and 8th ribs) according to the Vojta therapy. Recording was performed with EEG for 10 min considering a first minute of rest, 8 min during the stimulus and 1 min after the stimulus. EEG activity was recorded from 32 positions with active Ag/AgCl scalp electrodes following the 10–20 system. The continuous EEG signal was split into consecutive segments of one minute. Results The V-STI-group showed statistically significant differences in the theta, low alpha and high alpha bands, bilaterally in the supplementary motor (SMA) and premotor (PMA) areas (BA6 and BA8), superior parietal cortex (BA5, BA7) and the posterior cingulate cortex (BA23, BA31). For the V-STI-group, all frequency bands presented an initial bilateral activation of the superior and medial SMA (BA6) during the first minute. This activation was maintained until the fourth minute. During the fourth minute, the activation decreased in the three frequency bands. From the fifth minute, the activation in the superior and medial SMA rose again in the three frequency bands Conclusions Our findings highlight that the specific stimulation area at intercostal space, on the mammillary line between 7 and 8th ribs according to Vojta therapy differentially increased bilateral activation in SMA (BA6) and Pre-SMA (BA8), BA5, BA7, BA23 and BA31 in the theta, low and high alpha bands in healthy subjects. These results could indicate the activation of innate locomotor circuits during stimulation of the pectoral area according to the Vojta therapy. Trial registration Retrospectively registered. This randomized controlled trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04317950 (March 23, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Sanz-Esteban
- Department of Physiotherapy. Physical Therapy and Health Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Cano-de-la-Cuerda
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avenida de Atenas s/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana San-Martín-Gómez
- Department of Physiotherapy. Physical Therapy and Health Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Jiménez-Antona
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avenida de Atenas s/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Esther Monge-Pereira
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avenida de Atenas s/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Estrada-Barranco
- Department of Physiotherapy. Physical Therapy and Health Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Serrano
- Neural and Cognitive Engineering Group (gNeC), Automation and Robotics Center, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC-UPM), Madrid, Spain
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Scalp Acupuncture Enhances the Functional Connectivity of Visual and Cognitive-Motor Function Network of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8836794. [PMID: 33376500 PMCID: PMC7744176 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8836794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Design A parallel-group randomized controlled trial. Participants. 30 hemiplegic patients with middle cerebral artery acute infarction of the dominant hemisphere. Interventions. 30 patients were divided into 2 groups randomly. 15 patients in the treatment group (TG) were treated with ISSA, needling at the parietal midline (MS5) and left anterior/posterior parietal-temporal oblique lines (MS6 and MS7), combined with western routine treatment. While another 15 patients in the control group (CG) received routine treatment only. Main Outcome Measures. (1) Functional connectivity (FC): patients received brain scan using 3.0 T MRI after the treatment for 1 week. Based on the Matlab2012a platform, SPM12 software and DPABI software were used to process the scanning data and finally the functional connectivity of the brain was obtained. (2) National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. Results The difference in the NIHSS score between the two groups of patients before and after treatment was statistically significant (tNIHSS = 2.225; PNIHSS = 0.038), indicating that TG had a better effect. Centered to the seed region of the left supplementary motor area (SMA) (-5.32, 4.85, 61.38), FC increased at the left middle cerebellar peduncle, left cerebellum posterior lobe (uvula and declive), vermis, fusiform gyrus, lingual gyrus, inferior occipital gyrus, calcarine, cuneus, precuneus, BA7, BA18 and BA19, etc. Centered to the seed region of the left parahippocampal gyrus (PG) (-21.17, -15.95, -20.70), FC increased at the left precuneus, inside-paracingulate, inferior parietal gyrus, paracentral lobule, BA5, BA6, BA7, and BA40, right median cingulate, precuneus, BA19, BA23, and BA31, etc. Conclusions It is indicated that ISSA can regulate the brain functional connection in patients with middle cerebral artery acute infarction in the dominant hemisphere and specifically strengthen the connections between visual, cognitive, motor control, and planning-related brain regions, which may be related to the recovery of movement in the mechanism. This trial is registered with ChiCTR-IOR-15007672.
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45
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Wei Y, Wu L, Wang Y, Liu J, Miao P, Wang K, Wang C, Cheng J. Disrupted Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Functional Connectivity in Pontine Infarction: A Longitudinal MRI Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:577899. [PMID: 33328960 PMCID: PMC7710811 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.577899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal cerebral blood flow (CBF) and resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) are sensitive biomarkers of disease progression and prognosis. This study investigated neural underpinnings of motor and cognitive recovery by longitudinally studying the changes of CBF and FC in pontine infarction (PI). Twenty patients underwent three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (3D-pcASL), resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans, and behavioral assessments at 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months after stroke. Twenty normal control (NC) subjects underwent the same examination once. First, we investigated CBF changes in the acute stage, and longitudinal changes from 1 week to 6 months after PI. Brain regions with longitudinal CBF changes were then used as seeds to investigate longitudinal FC alterations during the follow-up period. Compared with NC, patients in the left PI (LPI) and right PI (RPI) groups showed significant CBF alterations in the bilateral cerebellum and some supratentorial brain regions at the baseline stage. Longitudinal analysis revealed that altered CBF values in the right supramarginal (SMG_R) for the LPI group, while the RPI group showed significantly dynamic changes of CBF in the left calcarine sulcus (CAL_L), middle occipital gyrus (MOG_L), and right supplementary motor area (SMA_R). Using the SMG_R as the seed in the LPI group, FC changes were found in the MOG_L, middle temporal gyrus (MTG_L), and prefrontal lobe (IFG_L). Correlation analysis showed that longitudinal CBF changes in the SMG_R and FC values between the SMG_R and MOG_L were associated with motor and memory scores in the LPI group, and longitudinal CBF changes in the CAL_L and SMA_R were related to memory and motor recovery in the RPI group. These longitudinal CBF and accompany FC alterations may provide insights into the neural mechanism underlying functional recovery after PI, including that of motor and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wei
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luobing Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingchun Liu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peifang Miao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- GE Healthcare MR Research, Beijing, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Lohse A, Meder D, Nielsen S, Lund AE, Herz DM, Løkkegaard A, Siebner HR. Low-frequency transcranial stimulation of pre-supplementary motor area alleviates levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease: a randomized cross-over trial. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa147. [PMID: 33225277 PMCID: PMC7667528 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Levodopa-induced dyskinesia gradually emerges during long-term dopamine therapy, causing major disability in patients with Parkinson disease. Using pharmacodynamic functional MRI, we have previously shown that the intake of levodopa triggers an excessive activation of the pre-supplementary motor area in Parkinson disease patients with peak-of-dose dyskinesia. In this pre-registered, interventional study, we tested whether the abnormal responsiveness of the pre-supplementary motor area to levodopa may constitute a ‘stimulation target’ for treating dyskinesia. A gender-balanced group of 17 Parkinson disease patients with peak-of-dose dyskinesia received 30 min of robot-assisted repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, after they had paused their anti-Parkinson medication. Real-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at 100% or sham-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at 30% of individual resting corticomotor threshold of left first dorsal interosseous muscle was applied on separate days in counterbalanced order. Following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, patients took 200 mg of oral levodopa and underwent functional MRI to map brain activity, while they performed the same go/no-go task as in our previous study. Blinded video assessment revealed that real-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation delayed the onset of dyskinesia and reduced its severity relative to sham-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Individual improvement in dyskinesia severity scaled linearly with the modulatory effect of real-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on task-related activation in the pre-supplementary motor area. Stimulation-induced delay in dyskinesia onset correlated positively with the induced electrical field strength in the pre-supplementary motor area. Our results provide converging evidence that the levodopa-triggered increase in pre-supplementary motor area activity plays a causal role in the pathophysiology of peak-of-dose dyskinesia and constitutes a promising cortical target for brain stimulation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Lohse
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark
| | - David Meder
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
| | - Silas Nielsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
| | - Anders Elkjær Lund
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
| | - Damian M Herz
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark
| | - Annemette Løkkegaard
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark.,Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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47
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Pascual-Diaz S, Varriano F, Pineda J, Prats-Galino A. Structural characterization of the Extended Frontal Aslant Tract trajectory: A ML-validated laterality study in 3T and 7T. Neuroimage 2020; 222:117260. [PMID: 32798677 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Extended Frontal Aslant Tract (exFAT) is a recently described tractography-based extension of the Frontal Aslant Tract connecting Broca's territory to both supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas, and more anterior prefrontal regions. In this study, we aim to characterize the microstructural properties of the exFAT trajectories as a means to perform a laterality analysis to detect interhemispheric structural differences along the tracts using the Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset. To that end, the bilateral exFAT was reconstructed for 3T and 7T HCP acquisitions in 120 randomly selected subjects. As a complementary exploration of the exFAT anatomy, we performed a white matter dissection of the exFAT trajectory of two ex-vivo left hemispheres that provide a qualitative assessment of the tract profiles. We assessed the lateralization structural differences in the exFAT by performing: (i) a laterality comparison between the mean microstructural diffusion-derived parameters for the exFAT trajectories, (ii) a laterality comparison between the tract profiles obtained by applying the Automated Fiber Quantification (AFQ) algorithm, and (iii) a cross-validated Machine Learning (ML) classifier analysis using single and combined tract profiles parameters for single-subject classification. The mean microstructural diffusion-derived parameter comparison showed statistically significant differences in mean FA values between left and right exFATs in the 3T sample. The diffusion parameters studied with the AFQ technique suggest that the inferiormost half of the exFAT trajectory has a hemispheric-dependent fingerprint of microstructural properties, with an increased measure of tissue hindrance in the orthogonal plane and a decreased measure of orientational dispersion along the main tract direction in the left exFAT compared to the right exFAT. The classification accuracy of the ML models showed a high agreement with the magnitude of those differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saül Pascual-Diaz
- Laboratory of Surgical Neuroanatomy, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Federico Varriano
- Laboratory of Surgical Neuroanatomy, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Pineda
- Laboratory of Surgical Neuroanatomy, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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48
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Quoilin C, Dricot L, Genon S, de Timary P, Duque J. Neural bases of inhibitory control: Combining transcranial magnetic stimulation and magnetic resonance imaging in alcohol-use disorder patients. Neuroimage 2020; 224:117435. [PMID: 33039622 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory control underlies the ability to inhibit inappropriate responses and involves processes that suppress motor excitability. Such motor modulatory effect has been largely described during action preparation but very little is known about the neural circuit responsible for its implementation. Here, we addressed this point by studying the degree to which the extent of preparatory suppression relates to brain morphometry. We investigated this relationship in patients suffering from severe alcohol use disorder (AUD) because this population displays an inconsistent level of preparatory suppression and major structural brain damage, making it a suitable sample to measure such link. To do so, 45 detoxified patients underwent a structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and performed a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) experiment, in which the degree of preparatory suppression was quantified. Besides, behavioral inhibition and trait impulsivity were evaluated in all participants. Overall, whole-brain analyses revealed that a weaker preparatory suppression was associated with a decrease in cortical thickness of a medial prefrontal cluster, encompassing parts of the anterior cingulate cortex and superior-frontal gyrus. In addition, a negative association was observed between the thickness of the supplementary area (SMA)/pre-SMA and behavioral inhibition abilities. Finally, we did not find any significant correlation between preparatory suppression, behavioral inhibition and trait impulsivity, indicating that they represent different facets of inhibitory control. Altogether, the current study provides important insight on the neural regions underlying preparatory suppression and allows highlighting that the excitability of the motor system represents a valuable read-out of upstream cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Quoilin
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Ave Mounier, 53 - Bte B1.53.04, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Laurence Dricot
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Ave Mounier, 53 - Bte B1.53.04, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Genon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behavior (INM-7), Jülich Forschungszentrum, Germany
| | - Philippe de Timary
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Ave Mounier, 53 - Bte B1.53.04, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Department of adult psychiatry, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Duque
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Ave Mounier, 53 - Bte B1.53.04, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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49
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Groot JM, Boayue NM, Csifcsák G, Boekel W, Huster R, Forstmann BU, Mittner M. Probing the neural signature of mind wandering with simultaneous fMRI-EEG and pupillometry. Neuroimage 2020; 224:117412. [PMID: 33011417 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mind wandering reflects the shift in attentional focus from task-related cognition driven by external stimuli toward self-generated and internally-oriented thought processes. Although such task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs) are pervasive and detrimental to task performance, their underlying neural mechanisms are only modestly understood. To investigate TUTs with high spatial and temporal precision, we simultaneously measured fMRI, EEG, and pupillometry in healthy adults while they performed a sustained attention task with experience sampling probes. Features of interest were extracted from each modality at the single-trial level and fed to a support vector machine that was trained on the probe responses. Compared to task-focused attention, the neural signature of TUTs was characterized by weaker activity in the default mode network but elevated activity in its anticorrelated network, stronger functional coupling between these networks, widespread increase in alpha, theta, delta, but not beta, frequency power, predominantly reduced amplitudes of late, but not early, event-related potentials, and larger baseline pupil size. Particularly, information contained in dynamic interactions between large-scale cortical networks was predictive of transient changes in attentional focus above other modalities. Together, our results provide insight into the spatiotemporal dynamics of TUTs and the neural markers that may facilitate their detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine M Groot
- Department of Psychology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1001 NK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nya M Boayue
- Department of Psychology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gábor Csifcsák
- Department of Psychology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Wouter Boekel
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - René Huster
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Birte U Forstmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1001 NK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Mittner
- Department of Psychology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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50
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Steward T, Davey CG, Jamieson AJ, Stephanou K, Soriano-Mas C, Felmingham KL, Harrison BJ. Dynamic Neural Interactions Supporting the Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:961-973. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The cognitive reappraisal of emotion is hypothesized to involve frontal regions modulating the activity of subcortical regions such as the amygdala. However, the pathways by which structurally disparate frontal regions interact with the amygdala remains unclear. In this study, 104 healthy young people completed a cognitive reappraisal task. Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) was used to map functional interactions within a frontoamygdalar network engaged during emotion regulation. Five regions were identified to form the network: the amygdala, the presupplementary motor area (preSMA), the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Bayesian Model Selection was used to compare 256 candidate models, with our winning model featuring modulations of vmPFC-to-amygdala and amygdala-to-preSMA pathways during reappraisal. Moreover, the strength of amygdala-to-preSMA modulation was associated with the habitual use of cognitive reappraisal. Our findings support the vmPFC serving as the primary conduit through which prefrontal regions directly modulate amygdala activity, with amygdala-to-preSMA connectivity potentially acting to shape ongoing affective motor responses. We propose that these two frontoamygdalar pathways constitute a recursive feedback loop, which computes the effectiveness of emotion-regulatory actions and drives model-based behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Steward
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Victoria 3053, Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Christopher G Davey
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Alec J Jamieson
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Katerina Stephanou
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute/IDIBELL and CIBERSAM, Barcelona 08907, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Kim L Felmingham
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ben J Harrison
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Victoria 3053, Australia
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