1
|
Kang W, Wang C, Wang M, Liu M, Hu W, Liang X, Zhang Y. The CXCR2 chemokine receptor: A new target for gastric cancer therapy. Cytokine 2024; 181:156675. [PMID: 38896956 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, and current treatments are still based on surgery and drug therapy. However, due to the complexity of immunosuppression and drug resistance, the treatment of gastric cancer still faces great challenges. Chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) is one of the most common therapeutic targets in targeted therapy. As a G protein-coupled receptor, CXCR2 and its ligands play important roles in tumorigenesis and progression. The abnormal expression of these genes in cancer plays a decisive role in the recruitment and activation of white blood cells, angiogenesis, and cancer cell proliferation, and CXCR2 is involved in various stages of tumor development. Therefore, interfering with the interaction between CXCR2 and its ligands is considered a possible target for the treatment of various tumors, including gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Kang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan, China
| | - Chengkun Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan, China
| | - Minhui Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan, China
| | - Meiqi Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Liang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zheng C, Chen X, Ke Y, Xu X, Wu C, Jiang L. Constructing models for Crohn's disease diagnosis and prediction of infliximab non-response based on angiogenesis-related genes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1239496. [PMID: 38343536 PMCID: PMC10853379 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1239496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis response plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of Crohn's disease (CD) and may involve the mechanism of infliximab non-response. However, the role of angiogenesis-related genes in Crohn's disease has not been comprehensively studied. This study aimed to explore the expression profiles of angiogenesis-related genes in CD patients and construct models for disease diagnosis and prediction of infliximab non-response. Methods CD-related microarray datasets were collected from the GEO database. Unsupervised consensus clustering analysis was performed based on differentially expressed angiogenesis-related genes to divide CD samples into two distinct clusters. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted on the clusters to identify angiogenesis-related module. Based on the differentially expressed genes in the module, machine learning algorithms were employed to further identify hub genes and construct a disease diagnostic model. Subsequently, treatment outcome-related genes were extracted from these hub genes, and a predictive model for infliximab non-response in CD patients was ultimately built. Results Based on angiogenesis-related genes, we identified two distinct CD clusters (C1 and C2). Compared to C1, the metabolic pathways in C2 were significantly upregulated, and there was a higher abundance of cell clusters such as M1 macrophages and plasma cells. Additionally, C2 showed a poorer response to infliximab. Furthermore, a predictive model for infliximab non-response in CD patients was constructed based on the hub genes, and it was successfully validated using an external dataset. Conclusion Comprehensive analysis of angiogenesis-related genes revealed different clusters of CD, which exhibited differential response rates to infliximab. The construction of models provides a reference for disease diagnosis and drug selection, aiding in clinical decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenwei Zheng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Gastroscopy, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiangbo Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Gastroscopy, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yujing Ke
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Gastroscopy, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Gastroscopy, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Gastroscopy, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lingling Jiang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Gastroscopy, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ullah A, Zhao J, Li J, Singla RK, Shen B. Involvement of CXC chemokines (CXCL1-CXCL17) in gastric cancer: Prognosis and therapeutic molecules. Life Sci 2024; 336:122277. [PMID: 37995936 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth-most prevalent and second-most deadly cancer worldwide. Due to the late onset of symptoms, GC is frequently treated at a mature stage. In order to improve the diagnostic and clinical decision-making processes, it is necessary to establish more specific and sensitive indicators valuable in the early detection of the disease whenever a cancer is asymptomatic. In this work, we gathered information about CXC chemokines and GC by using scientific search engines including Google Scholar, PubMed, SciFinder, and Web of Science. Researchers believe that GC chemokines, small proteins, class CXC chemokines, and chemokine receptors promote GC inflammation, initiation, and progression by facilitating angiogenesis, tumor transformation, invasion, survival, metastatic spread, host response safeguards, and inter-cell interaction. With our absolute best professionalism, the role of CXC chemokines and their respective receptors in GC diagnosis and prognosis has not been fully explained. This review article updates the general characteristics of CXC chemokines, their unique receptors, their function in the pathological process of GC, and their potential application as possible indicators for GC. Although there have only recently been a few studies focusing on the therapeutic efficacy of CXC chemokine inhibitors in GC, growing experimental evidence points to the inhibition of CXC chemokines as a promising targeted therapy. Therefore, further translational studies are warranted to determine whether specific antagonists or antibodies designed to target CXC chemokines alone or in combination with chemotherapy are useful for diagnosing advanced GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ullah
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiakun Li
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arebro J, Towle R, Lee CM, Bennewith KL, Garnis C. Extracellular vesicles promote activation of pro-inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts in oral cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1240159. [PMID: 37745296 PMCID: PMC10513103 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1240159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common form of head and neck cancer and has a survival rate of ∼50% over 5 years. New treatment strategies are sorely needed to improve survival rates-and a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis is needed to develop these strategies. The role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) has increasingly been identified as crucial in tumor progression and metastasis. One of the main constituents of the TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), plays a key role in influencing the biological behavior of tumors. Multiple mechanisms contribute to CAF activation, such as TGFβ signaling, but the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in CAF activation in OSCC is poorly understood. Assessing the impact of oral cancer-derived EVs on CAF activation will help to better illuminate OSCC pathophysiology and may drive development of novel treatments options. Methods: EVs were isolated from OSCC cell lines (Cal 27, SCC-9, SCC-25) using differential centrifugation. Nanoparticle tracking analysis was used for EV characterization, and Western blot to confirm the presence of EV protein markers. Oral fibroblasts were co-cultured with enriched EVs, TGFβ, or PBS over 72 h to assess activation. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate CAF markers. RNA collected from fibroblasts was extracted and the transcriptome was sequenced. Conditioned media from the co-cultures was evaluated with cytokine array profiling. Results: OSCC-derived EVs can activate oral fibroblasts into CAFs that are different from those activated by TGFβ, suggesting different mechanisms of activation and different functional properties. Gene set enrichment analysis showed several upregulated inflammatory pathways in those CAFs exposed to OSCC-derived EVs. Marker genes for inflammatory CAF subtypes were also upregulated, but not in CAFs activated by TGFβ. Finally, cytokine array analysis on secreted proteins revealed elevated levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines from EV-activated CAFs, for instance IL-8 and CXCL5. Discussion: Our results reveal the ability of OSCC-derived EVs to activate fibroblasts into CAFs. These CAFs seem to have unique properties, differing from TGFβ-activated CAFs. Gaining an understanding of the interplay between EVs and stromal cells such as CAFs could lead to further insights into OSCC tumorigenesis and potential novel therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Arebro
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of ENT Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Towle
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Che-Min Lee
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kevin L. Bennewith
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cathie Garnis
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xie Y, Kuang W, Wang D, Yuan K, Yang P. Expanding role of CXCR2 and therapeutic potential of CXCR2 antagonists in inflammatory diseases and cancers. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 250:115175. [PMID: 36780833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) is G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and plays important roles in various inflammatory diseases and cancers, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), atherosclerosis, asthma, and pancreatic cancer. Upregulation of CXCR2 is closely associated with the migration of neutrophils and monocytes. To date, many small-molecule CXCR2 antagonists have entered clinical trials, showing favorable safety and therapeutic effects. Hence, we provide an overview containing the discovery history, protein structure, signaling pathways, biological functions, structure-activity relationships and clinical significance of CXCR2 antagonists in inflammatory diseases and cancers. According to the latest development and recent clinical progress of CXCR2 small molecule antagonists, we speculated that CXCR2 can be used as a biomarker and a new target for diabetes and that CXCR2 antagonists may also attenuate lung injury in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yishi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wenbin Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu T, Yang W, Sun A, Wei Z, Lin Q. The Role of CXC Chemokines in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010167. [PMID: 36612163 PMCID: PMC9818145 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CXC chemokines are small chemotactic and secreted cytokines. Studies have shown that CXC chemokines are dysregulated in multiple types of cancer and are closely correlated with tumor progression. The CXC chemokine family has a dual function in tumor development, either tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive depending on the context of cellular signaling. Recent evidence highlights the pro-tumorigenic properties of CXC chemokines in most human cancers. CXC chemokines were found to play pivotal roles in promoting angiogenesis, stimulating inflammatory responses, and facilitating tumor metastases. Enhanced expression of CXC chemokines is always signatured with inferior survival and prognosis. The levels of CXC chemokines in cancer patients are in dynamic change according to the tumor contexts (e.g., chemotherapy resistance and tumor recurrence after surgery). Thus, CXC chemokines have great potential to be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Currently, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of CXC chemokines on tumor inflammation and metastasis remain unclear and application of antagonists and neutralizing antibodies of CXC chemokines signaling for cancer therapy is still not fully established. This article will review the roles of CXC chemokines in promoting tumorigenesis and progression and address the future research directions of CXC chemokines for cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
7
|
Tamimi R, Mahmoodi NM, Samadikhah HR, Tackallou SH, Benisi SZ, Boroujeni ME. Anti-inflammatory effect of green photobiomodulation in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:3693-3703. [PMID: 36385209 PMCID: PMC9668707 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Photo biomodulation (PBM) as a non-invasive and safe treatment has been demonstrated the anti-inflammatory potential in a variety of cell types, including stem cells. However, further investigations using different laser parameters combined with more accurate methods such as quantitative measurement of inflammatory gene expression at the mRNA level are still necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 532 nm green laser on cell proliferation as well as expression of inflammatory genes in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technique and confirmatory RT-PCR. hADMSCs were cultured in DMEM low glocuse medium with 10% fetal bovine serum until the fourth passage. Cultured cells were divided in two groups: control group (no laser irradiation) and laser group, irradiated with 532 nm laser at 44 m J/cm2 with an output power of 50 mW and a density of 6 mW/cm2, every other day, 7 s each time. The cell viability was assessed using MTT assay 24 h after each irradiation on days 3, 5, and 7 after cell seeding, followed by performing RNA-seq and RT-PCR. The MTT assay showed that PBM increased cell proliferation on day 5 after irradiation compared to day 3 and decreased on day 7 compared to day 5. In addition, gene expression analysis in hADMSCs using RNA-seq revealed down-regulation of inflammatory genes including CSF2, CXCL2, 3, 5, 6, 8, and CCL2, 7. These results indicate that 532 nm PBM with the parameters used in this study has a time-dependent effect on hADMSCs proliferation as well as anti-inflammatory potential.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ma X, Ou K, Liu X, Yang L. Application progress of liquid biopsy in gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:969866. [PMID: 36185234 PMCID: PMC9521037 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.969866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors globally. Guiding the individualized treatment of GC is the focus of research. Obtaining representative biological samples to study the biological characteristics of GC is the focus of diagnosis and treatment of GC. Liquid biopsy technology can use high-throughput sequencing technology to detect biological genetic information in blood. Compared with traditional tissue biopsy, liquid biopsy can determine the dynamic changes of tumor. As a noninvasive auxiliary diagnostic method, liquid biopsy can provide diagnostic and prognostic information concerning the progression of the disease. Liquid biopsy includes circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor RNA, tumor educated platelets, exosomes, and cytokines. This article describes the classification of liquid biopsy and its application value in the occurrence, development, and therapeutic efficacy of GC.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ge X, He J, Wang L, Zhao L, Wang Y, Wu G, Liu W, Shu Y, Gong W, Ma XL, Wang Y, Jiang BH, Liu LZ. Epigenetic alterations of CXCL5 in Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155713. [PMID: 35660107 PMCID: PMC9290188 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to hexavalent chromium compounds [Cr(VI)] is associated with an increased risk of cancers, but the molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we found that CXCL5 levels in peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) and plasma from workers with occupational exposure to Cr(VI) were dramatically upregulated compared to non-exposure healthy subjects, and plasma C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (CXCL5) CXCL5 levels were positively correlated with Cr concentrations in subjects' toenails. Zinc chromate exposed mice showed higher levels of CXCL5 and its receptor CXCR2 in lung tissues, and in PBMCs. Similar CXCL5 upregulation was evident in Cr(VI)-induced transformed (Cr-T) cells with long-term Cr(VI) treatment. Mechanistic studies showed that elevated CXCL5 expression levels were regulated by Cr(VI)-induced histone modifications and DNA hypomethylation, and that the c-Myc/p300 complex was a key upstream regulator of histone H3 acetylation. CXCL5 overexpression promoted Cr(VI)-induced the epithelial to mesenchyme transition (EMT) by upregulating zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) to promote tumor development. Our findings identify a novel mechanism by which CXCL5 is upregulated and promotes EMT and carcinogenesis upon chronic Cr(VI) exposure. Our work also implies that CXCL5 mRNA and protein levels will elevate in PBMCs and serum after occupational Cr(VI) exposure, which may be a potential target and biomarker for cancer prevention and health surveillance among populations exposed to Cr(VI).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ge
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Yifang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Occupational Health, Changzhou Center of Disease Control, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Occupational Health, Jiangsu Center of Disease Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Liang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Bing-Hua Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Ling-Zhi Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Genomically Silent Refractory Gastric Cancer in a Young Patient Exhibits Overexpression of CXCL5. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:4725-4733. [PMID: 35877235 PMCID: PMC9320515 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29070375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with more than one million new cases and approximately 841,000 deaths annually worldwide. We report a case of a young patient (25 years old) with an aggressive form of gastric cancer. The patient had previously been treated for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which is a main risk factor for developing gastric cancer. Genetic testing showed an E-cadherin (CDH1) germline mutation of unknown significance. After eight cycles of chemotherapy, a positron emission tomography (PET) scan showed disease progression with an enlarging hypermetabolic right adnexal mass suspicious for metastatic disease. Tumor pathology demonstrated invasive and poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma. The analysis of the tumor biopsy indicated the very high expression of a chemokine, C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5). The combination of H. pylori infection with an existence of a rare CDH1 mutation could have contributed to this aggressive gastric cancer.
Collapse
|
11
|
Masih M, Agarwal S, Kaur R, Gautam PK. Role of chemokines in breast cancer. Cytokine 2022; 155:155909. [PMID: 35597171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines belong to a family of chemoattractant cytokines and are well known to have an essential role in various cancer aetiologies. Multiplesubsets of immune cells are recruited and enrolled into the tumor microenvironment through interactions between chemokines and their specific receptors. These populations and their interactions have a distinct impact on tumor growth, progression, and treatment outcomes. While it is clear that many chemokines and their cognate receptors can be detected in breast and other cancers, the role of each chemokine and receptor has yet to be determined. This review focuses on the main chemokines that play a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment, emphasizing breast cancer. We have also discussed the techniques used to identify the chemokines and their future implication in the early diagnosis of cancer. In-depth knowledge of chemokines and their role in breast cancer progression can provide specific targets for breast cancer biotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Masih
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, New Delhi -110029, India.
| | - Sonam Agarwal
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, New Delhi -110029, India.
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, New Delhi -110029, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang W, Wang H, Sun M, Deng X, Wu X, Ma Y, Li M, Shuoa SM, You Q, Miao L. CXCL5/CXCR2 axis in tumor microenvironment as potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 40:69-80. [PMID: 32237072 PMCID: PMC7163794 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in solid tumors, especially chemokines, are currently attracting much attention from scientists. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) is one of the important chemokines in TME. Overexpression of CXCL5 is closely related to the survival time, recurrence and metastasis of cancer patients. In TME, CXCL5 binds to its receptors, such as C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), to participate in the recruitment of immune cells and promote angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. The CXCL5/CXCR2 axis can act as a bridge between tumor cells and host cells in TME. Blocking the transmission of CXCL5/CXCR2 signals can increase the sensitivity and effectiveness of immunotherapy and slow down tumor progression. CXCL5 and CXCR2 are also regarded as biomarkers for predicting prognosis and molecular targets for customizing the treatment. In this review, we summarized the current literature regarding the biological functions and clinical significance of CXCL5/CXCR2 axis in TME. The possibility to use CXCL5 and CXCR2 as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Huishan Wang
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xueting Deng
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xueru Wu
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yilan Ma
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Mengjing Li
- Department of Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Said Maisam Shuoa
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qiang You
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Department of Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lin Miao
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Qin Y, Wang F, Ni H, Liu Y, Yin Y, Zhou X, Gao G, Li Q, Qi X, Li J. Cancer-associated fibroblasts in gastric cancer affect malignant progression via the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis. J Cancer 2021; 12:3011-3023. [PMID: 33854601 PMCID: PMC8040897 DOI: 10.7150/jca.49707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are principal constituents of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and play a critical role in tumor progression. The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis regulates multiple facets of the TME. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between CXCL12 expression in CAFs and the malignant progression of gastric cancer (GC). Methods: In the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) database, we performed transcriptome analysis on paired gastric cancer RNA sequencing samples, and scRNA analysis was performed on advanced malignant GC samples from the scRNA sequencing data set. Fibroblast cells were co-cultured with GC cells, and invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) were determined. After blocking the expression of fibroblast CXCL12, cells were co-cultured with a GC cell line. Detection of GC cell line invasion, migration, EMT and CXCR4, Wnt5a and β-Catenin expression levels was performed. Primary CAFs and gastric normal fibroblasts were isolated and CXCL12 mRNA and protein expression were determined. In addition, a cohort of 285 GC cases was established, protein expression was evaluated immunohistochemically, and prognostic results were analyzed. Results: GC transcriptome analysis suggested that cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and the Wnt signaling pathway in GC tissues were significantly up-regulated. scRNA analysis of advanced malignant GC samples showed that severe intestinal metaplasia (SIM) in GC specimens of different malignant grades had obvious fibroblast clusters compared to non-atrophic gastritis (NAG) and early gastric cancer (EGC). In the SIM group, fibroblast cluster, CXCL12, CXCR4, and Wnt5a were overexpressed. Co-culturing with fibroblast cells significantly increased the invasion, migration, and EMT of GC cells, and blocking CXCL12 in CAFs disturbed the expression of Wnt5a and β-catenin. In our cohort of GC patients, high CXCL12 expression in CAFs significantly correlated with histological grade (P = 0.012) and TNM stage (P = 0.014), as well as with poor overall survival (p = 0.0107). Conclusion: High expression of CXCL12 in CAFs in a GC microenvironment can affect the migration, invasion, and EMT of GC cells. Furthermore, it can cause poor prognosis in patients with GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Jiangnan University School of Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Hengli Ni
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- Wuxi Oncology Institute, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangnan University School of Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Guihua Gao
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Qi
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangnan University School of Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianming Li
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Celecoxib alleviates zinc deficiency-promoted colon tumorigenesis through suppressing inflammation. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:8320-8334. [PMID: 33686969 PMCID: PMC8034938 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that dietary zinc deficiency (ZD) increases the risk of various cancers including esophageal and gastric cancer. However, the role of ZD in colon tumorigenesis is unknown and the related mechanisms need to be investigated. Apcmin/+ mice, widely used to mimic the spontaneous process of human intestinal tumor, were used to construct a ZD mice model in this study. Inflammatory mediators such as COX-2, TNF-α, CCL, CXCL, and IL chemokines families were evaluated using real-time PCR and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Besides, the immunoreactivities of cyclin D1, PCNA, and COX-2 in the colon were detected by immunohistochemistry. We found that zinc deficiency could promote colon tumorigenesis in Apcmin/+ mice. The mechanisms are involved in the upregulation of inflammatory mediators: COX-2, TNF-α, CCL, CXCL, and IL chemokines families. Administration of celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, decreased colon tumorigenesis in Apcmin/+ mice via inhibiting the inflammatory mediators. ZD plays an important role in the process of colon cancers of Apcmin/+ mice. Celecoxib attenuates ZD-induced colon tumorigenesis in Apcmin/+ mice by inhibiting the inflammatory mediators. Our novel finding would provide potential prevention of colorectal tumor-induced by ZD.
Collapse
|
15
|
Serum CXCL5 level is associated with tumor progression in penile cancer. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227614. [PMID: 33458757 PMCID: PMC7843497 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20202133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5 is an important regulator of tumor progression in many cancers, and could serve as potential serum cancer biomarker. Our initial analysis identified CXCL5 as a cancer-related gene highly expressed in PC. Patients with PC exhibited markedly higher preoperative serum CXCL5 levels compared with that in healthy individuals (P<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.880 with the sensitivity of 84.0%, and specificity of 80.4% to distinguish PC. Serum CXCL5 levels were also significantly decreased following tumor resection in patients with PC (P=0.001). Preoperative serum CXCL5 level was significantly associated with clinicopathological characteristics including T stage (P=0.001), nodal status (P<0.001), and pelvic lymph node metastasis (P=0.018). Cox regression analysis showed that serum CXCL5 level could serve as an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival with a HR of 6.363 (95% CI: 2.185–18.531, P=0.001). CXCL5 and its receptor CXCR2 exhibited correlated expression pattern in PC tissues. Differential CXCL5 expression was observed in normal penile tissues, PC cell lines, and their culture supernatants. Furthermore, knockdown of CXCL5 or CXCR2 expression markedly suppressed malignant phenotypes (cell proliferation, clonogenesis, apoptosis escape, migration, and invasion), attenuated STAT3 and AKT signaling, and reduced MMP2/9 secretion in PC cell lines. In conclusion, our findings revealed that serum CXCL5 level might serve as a potential diagnostic and prognostic cancer biomarker for penile cancer. Autocrine CXCL5/CXCR2 signaling might activate multiple downstream oncogenic signaling pathways (STAT3, AKT, MMP2/9) to promote malignant progression of PC, which may warrant further investigation in the future.
Collapse
|
16
|
The Role of Chemokines in the Development of Gastric Cancer - Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228456. [PMID: 33182840 PMCID: PMC7697532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. GC is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage due to late presentation of symptoms. Therefore, there is a need for establishing more sensitive and specific markers useful in early detection of the disease when a cancer is asymptomatic to improve the diagnostic and clinical decision-making process. Some researchers suggest that chemokines and their specific receptors play an important role in GC initiation and progression via promotion of angiogenesis, tumor transformation, invasion, survival and metastasis as well as protection from host response and inter-cell communication. Chemokines are small proteins produced by various cells such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, leukocytes, and epithelial and tumor cells. According to our knowledge, the significance of chemokines and their specific receptors in diagnosing GC and evaluating its progression has not been fully elucidated. The present article offers a review of current knowledge on general characteristics of chemokines, specific receptors and their role in GC pathogenesis as well as their potential usefulness as novel biomarkers for GC.
Collapse
|
17
|
Peng L, Chen Z, Wang G, Tian S, Kong S, Xu T, An X, Chen Y. Long noncoding RNA LBX2-AS1-modulated miR-4766-5p regulates gastric cancer development through targeting CXCL5. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:497. [PMID: 33061849 PMCID: PMC7552510 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been reported to critically regulate gastric cancer (GC). Recently, it was reported that LBX2 antisense RNA 1 (LBX2-AS1) is abnormally expressed in GC. However, the role of LBX2-AS1 in the malignancy of GC is worth further discussion. Methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the LBX2-AS1, miR-4766-5p and C-X-C motif chemokine (CXCL5) expression in GC tissues and cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was applied to examine the target relationship between LBX2-AS1 and miR-4766-5p or miR-4766-5p and CXCL5. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assays were used to detect cell proliferation, migration and invasion rates. The protein expression of CXCL5 was confirmed using western blot. The RNA pull down experiment was used to verify the specificity of LBX2-AS1 and miR-4766-5p on BGC-823 and SGC-7901 cells. Results LBX2-AS1 was up-regulated in GC tissues and cells, and its knockdown suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells. While, overexpression of LBX2-AS1 increased proliferation and increased CXCL5 mRNA level. CXCL5 improved cell proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells. LBX2-AS1 could bind to miR-4766-5p to regulate CXCL5 expression. Overexpression of CXCL5 overturned those effects of miR-4766-5p in GC cells. RNA Pull down shown that BGC-823 and SGC-7901 cells, miR-4766-5p specifically binds to LBX2-AS1. Conclusions In short, this study demonstrated that LBX2-AS1 promoted proliferation, migration and invasion through up-regulation CXCL5 mediated by miR-4766-5p in GC. The LBX2-AS1/miR-4766-5p/CXCL5 regulatory axis provides a theoretical basis for the research on lncRNA-directed therapeutics in GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- LiPan Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021 Jinan, China
| | - ZeZhong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, No. 1 People's Hospital of NingYang County, Taian, 271400 China
| | - GuangChuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021 China
| | - ShuBo Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021 Jinan, China
| | - Shuai Kong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021 Jinan, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021 Jinan, China
| | - XiaoHua An
- Department of Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021 China
| | - YueZhi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021 Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Construction of a CXC Chemokine-Based Prediction Model for the Prognosis of Colon Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6107865. [PMID: 32337262 PMCID: PMC7150705 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6107865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer is the third most common cancer, with a high incidence and mortality. Construction of a specific and sensitive prediction model for prognosis is urgently needed. In this study, profiles of patients with colon cancer with clinical and gene expression data were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). CXC chemokines in patients with colon cancer were investigated by differential expression gene analysis, overall survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and weighted gene coexpression network analysis. CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL11 were upregulated in patients with colon cancer and significantly correlated with prognosis. The area under curve (AUC) of the multigene forecast model of CXCL1, CXCL11, CXCL2, and CXCL3 was 0.705 in the GSE41258 dataset and 0.624 in TCGA. The prediction model was constructed using the risk score of the multigene model and three clinicopathological risk factors and exhibited 92.6% and 91.8% accuracy in predicting 3-year and 5-year overall survival of patients with colon cancer, respectively. In addition, by GSEA, expression of CXCL1, CXCL11, CXCL2, and CXCL3 was correlated with several signaling pathways, including NOD-like receptor, oxidative phosphorylation, mTORC1, interferon-gamma response, and IL6/JAK/STAT3 pathways. Patients with colon cancer will benefit from this prediction model for prognosis, and this will pave the way to improve the survival rate and optimize treatment for colon cancer.
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang R, Liu Q, Peng J, Wang M, Li T, Liu J, Cui M, Zhang X, Gao X, Liao Q, Zhao Y. CXCL5 overexpression predicts a poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and is correlated with immune cell infiltration. J Cancer 2020; 11:2371-2381. [PMID: 32201508 PMCID: PMC7065995 DOI: 10.7150/jca.40517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5) is an important attractant for immune cell accumulation in tumor tissues. Recent evidence has shown that CXCL5 could promote carcinogenesis and cancer progression in a variety of cancer types. However, the relationships between CXCL5, immune cell infiltration and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the role and regulative mechanism of CXCL5 in PDAC carcinogenesis. Materials and Methods: The expression of CXCL5 in PDAC was analyzed based on online databases and tissue microarray staining, and Western blotting of CXCL5 in PDAC cell lines and patient samples. The correlation between CXCL5 expression and clinicopathological features, prognosis and immune cell infiltration in tumor tissues was analyzed. Results: High expression of CXCL5 was observed both in PDAC tumor tissue and PDAC cell lines, compared to normal pancreas tissues and normal ductal epithelium cells. High CXCL5 expression in tumor tissues was positively correlated with an advanced T stage (p=0.036), a positive tumor lymph node metastasis (p=0.014), a poor differentiation status (p=0.003) and a poor prognosis (p=0.001). Combination of CA242 and CXCL5 expression (p<0.0001) served as a better prognostic factor than CA242 alone (p=0.006). In addition, PDAC patients with high CXCL5 expression had more intratumoral M2 polarized macrophages (p=0.0248), neutrophils (p=0.0068) and IgG+ plasma cells (p=0.0133) than patients with low CXCL5 expression. Conclusions: The expression of CXCL5 is elevated in pancreatic cancer cells. High CXCL5 expression is positively correlated with poor survival and the increased infiltration of several types of immune suppressive cells. Thus, CXCL5 could be a promising therapeutic target for PDAC immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qiaofei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Junya Peng
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Mengyi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jingkai Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ming Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Escandon Brehm J, Bedogni B. Blockade of CCR5 in melanoma: An alternative immune checkpoint modulator. Exp Dermatol 2019; 29:196. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Escandon Brehm
- Dr Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miami FL USA
| | - Barbara Bedogni
- Dr Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miami FL USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kersy O, Loewenstein S, Lubezky N, Sher O, Simon NB, Klausner JM, Lahat G. Omental Tissue-Mediated Tumorigenesis of Gastric Cancer Peritoneal Metastases. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1267. [PMID: 31803630 PMCID: PMC6876669 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The peritoneal cavity, especially the omentum, is a common site for gastric cancer metastasis, representing advanced disease stage and poor prognosis. Here, we studied the effects of omental tissue on gastric cancer tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. Utilizing in vitro models, we found that omental tissue secreted factors increased gastric cancer cellular growth (by 30–67%, P < 0.05), motility (>8-fold, P < 0.05), invasiveness (>7-fold, P < 0.05) and chemoresistance to platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents (>1.2-fold for oxaliplatin and >1.6-fold for cisplatin, P < 0.05). Using a robust proteomic approach, we identified numerous molecules secreted into the omental tissue conditioned medium (CM) which may promote gastric cancer cellular aggressiveness (i.e., IL-6, IL-8, MMP9, FN1, and CXCL-5). Next, an in vivo xenograft mouse model showed an increased human gastric adenocarcinoma tumor volume of cells co-cultured with human omental tissue secreted factors; 1.6 ± 0.55 vs. 0.3 ± 0.19 cm3 (P < 0.001), as well as increased angiogenesis. Finally, exosomes were isolated from human omental tissue CM of gastric cancer patients. These exosomes were taken up by gastric cancer cells enhancing their growth (>8-fold, P < 0.01) and invasiveness (>8-fold, P < 0.001). Proteomic analysis of the content of these exosomes identified several established cancer- related proteins (i.e., IL-6, IL-8, ICAM-1, CCl2, and OSM). Taken together, our findings imply that the omentum play an active role in gastric cancer metastasis. The data also describe specific cytokines that are involved in this cross talk, and that omental tissue- derived exosomes may contribute to these unique cellular interactions with gastric cancer cells. Further studies aimed at understanding the biology of gastric cancer intra peritoneal spread are warranted. Hopefully, such data will enable to develop future novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of metastatic gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kersy
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.,Division of Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Shelly Loewenstein
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.,Division of Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Nir Lubezky
- Division of Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Osnat Sher
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.,Institute of Pathology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Natalie B Simon
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Joseph M Klausner
- Division of Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.,The Nikolas and Elizabeth Shlezak Cathedra for Experimental Surgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Guy Lahat
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.,Division of Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xie F, Dong D, Du N, Guo L, Ni W, Yuan H, Zhang N, Jie J, Liu G, Tai G. An 8‑gene signature predicts the prognosis of cervical cancer following radiotherapy. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2990-3002. [PMID: 31432147 PMCID: PMC6755236 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression and DNA methylation levels affect the outcomes of patients with cancer. The present study aimed to establish a multigene risk model for predicting the outcomes of patients with cervical cancer (CerC) treated with or without radiotherapy. RNA sequencing training data with matched DNA methylation profiles were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Patients were divided into radiotherapy and non‑radiotherapy groups according to the treatment strategy. Differently expressed and methylated genes between the two groups were identified, and 8 prognostic genes were identified using Cox regression analysis. The optimized risk model based on the 8‑gene signature was defined using the Cox's proportional hazards model. Kaplan‑Meier survival analysis indicated that patients with higher risk scores exhibited poorer survival compared with patients with lower risk scores (log‑rank test, P=3.22x10‑7). Validation using the GSE44001 gene set demonstrated that patients in the high‑risk group exhibited a shorter survival time comprared with the low‑risk group (log‑rank test, P=3.01x10‑3). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values for the training and validation sets were 0.951 and 0.929, respectively. Cox regression analyses indicated that recurrence and risk status were risk factors for poor outcomes in patients with CerC treated with or without radiotherapy. The present study defined that the 8‑gene signature was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of patients with CerC. The 8‑gene prognostic model had predictive power for CerC prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dan Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Na Du
- Department of Infections, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Ni
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Yuan
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Jie
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guomu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guixiang Tai
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cheng Y, Ma XL, Wei YQ, Wei XW. Potential roles and targeted therapy of the CXCLs/CXCR2 axis in cancer and inflammatory diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1871:289-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
24
|
CXCL5, the upregulated chemokine in patients with uterine cervix cancer, in vivo and in vitro contributes to oncogenic potential of Hela uterine cervix cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1496-1504. [PMID: 30257367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCL5 is showed a surprisingly elevated profile and implicated in tumorigenesis in several tumors. However, the expression and function of CXCL5 in uterine cervix cancer (UCC) remain largely unknown. The current study aimed to elucidate the expression pattern of CXCL5 in human UCC tissues and Hela cervix cancer cell, as well as its functions in Hela cells. Our data showed that CXCL5 and its receptor CXCR2 were expressed by Hela uterine cervix cancer cells. CXCL5 was upregulated in UCC tissues, and its overexpression was positively correlated with age, but did not correlate with clinical stages and tumor infiltration. Exogenous administration of CXCL5 and CXCL5 overexpression contributed to proliferation and migration activities of Hela cells in vitro, consistent with this, CXCL5 overexpression also promoted growth of Hela cells in a nude mouse xenograft model. At the gene level, CXCL5 overexpression regulated the expression of tumor-related genes including ERK, p-ERK, AKT, p-AKT, DIABOL, NUMB, NDRG3 and CXCR2. Taken together, CXCL5 may contribute to a dominant role in UCC progression and sever as a potential molecular therapeutic target for UCC.
Collapse
|
25
|
CXCL1 derived from tumor-associated macrophages promotes breast cancer metastasis via activating NF-κB/SOX4 signaling. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:880. [PMID: 30158589 PMCID: PMC6115425 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been implicated in the promotion of breast cancer growth and metastasis, and multiple TAM-secreted cytokines have been identified associating with poor clinical outcomes. However, the therapeutic targets existing in the loop between TAMs and cancer cells are still required for further investigation. Here in, cytokine array validated that C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) is the most abundant chemokine secreted by TAMs, and CXCL1 can promote breast cancer migration and invasion ability, as well as epithelial–mesenchymal transition in both mouse and human breast cancer cells. QPCR screening further validated SOX4 as the highest responsive gene following CXCL1 administration. Mechanistic study revealed that CXCL1 binds to SOX4 promoter and activates its transcription via NF-κB pathway. In vivo breast cancer xenografts demonstrated that CXCL1 silencing in TAMs results in a significant reduction in breast cancer growth and metastatic burden. Bioinformatic analysis and clinical investigation finally suggested that high CXCL1 expression is significantly correlated with breast cancer lymph node metastasis, poor overall survival and basal-like subtype. Taken together, our results indicated that TAMs/CXCL1 promotes breast cancer metastasis via NF-κB/SOX4 activation, and CXCL1-based therapy might become a novel strategy for breast cancer metastasis prevention.
Collapse
|
26
|
Hu B, Fan H, Lv X, Chen S, Shao Z. Prognostic significance of CXCL5 expression in cancer patients: a meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:68. [PMID: 29743818 PMCID: PMC5930840 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0562-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CXCL5 is a member of the CXC-type chemokine family, which has been found to play important roles in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Recent studies have demonstrated that CXCL5 could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for cancer patients. However, the prognostic value of CXCL5 is still controversial. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science to obtain all relevant articles investigating the prognostic significance of CXCL5 expression in cancer patients. Hazards ratios (HR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled to estimate the association between CXCL5 expression levels with survival of cancer patients. Results A total of 15 eligible studies including 19 cohorts and 5070 patients were enrolled in the current meta-analysis. Our results demonstrated that elevated expression level of CXCL5 was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) (pooled HR 1.70; 95% CI 1.36–2.12), progression-free survival (pooled HR 1.65; 95% CI 1.09–2.49) and recurrence-free survival (pooled HR 1.49; 95% CI 1.15–1.93) in cancer patients. However, high or low expression of CXCL5 made no difference in predicting the disease-free survival (pooled HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.11–3.49) of cancer patients. Furthermore, we found that high CXCL5 expression was associated with reduced OS in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (HR 1.91; 95% CI 1.31–2.78) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HR 1.87; 95% CI 1.55–2.27). However, there was no significant association between expression level of CXCL5 with the OS in lung cancer (HR 1.25; 95% CI 0.79–1.99) and colorectal cancer (HR 1.16; 95% CI 0.32–4.22, p = 0.826) in current meta-analysis. Conclusions In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggested that elevated CXCL5 expression might be an adverse prognostic marker for cancer patients, which could help the clinical decision making process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binwu Hu
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Huiqian Fan
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Xiao Lv
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Songfeng Chen
- 3Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
High C-X-C motif chemokine 5 expression is associated with malignant phenotypes of prostate cancer cells via autocrine and paracrine pathways. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:358-370. [PMID: 29749439 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the effects and mechanisms of exogenous C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5) and lentiviral CXCL5 overexpression on the regulation of malignant behaviors of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in a nude mouse xenograft model. The expression levels of CXCL5 and a number of tumor-related genes were assessed by using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting, ELISA, or immunohistochemistry in normal and cancerous prostate cells and tissues. Cell proliferation, colony formation, and Transwell assays were performed to determine the effects of exogenous, autocrine, and paracrine CXCL5 on prostate cancer cell proliferative and migratory capacity. The results indicated that CXCL5 expression was upregulated in PC‑3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells, in WPMY‑1 normal prostate stromal cells, and in RWPE‑1 prostate epithelial cells, as well as in prostate cancer tissue specimens. Exogenous CXCL5 exposure resulted in increase in prostate cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration. In cells transfected with a CXCL5 overexpression vector, in cells cultured in conditioned medium from CXCL5-overexpressing WPMY cells, and in cells co-cultured with CXCL5‑OE WPMY cells prostate cancer cell malignant phenotypes were induced in an autocrine/paracrine fashion in vitro; similar results were observed in nude mouse xenografts. CXCL5 overexpression also regulated expression of tumor-related genes, including BAX, N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 3, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2, interleukin 18, Bcl‑2, and caspase‑3. These data demonstrated that CXCL5 expression was upregulated in prostate cancer tissues and that exogenous CXCL5 protein exposure or CXCL5 overexpression promoted malignant phenotypes of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
|
28
|
Soler-Cardona A, Forsthuber A, Lipp K, Ebersberger S, Heinz M, Schossleitner K, Buchberger E, Gröger M, Petzelbauer P, Hoeller C, Wagner E, Loewe R. CXCL5 Facilitates Melanoma Cell-Neutrophil Interaction and Lymph Node Metastasis. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1627-1635. [PMID: 29474942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines influence tumor metastasis by targeting tumor, stromal, and hematopoietic cells. Characterizing the chemokine mRNA expression profile of human primary melanoma samples, we found CXCL5 significantly up-regulated in stage T4 primary melanomas when compared to thin melanomas (T1 stage). To characterize the role of CXCL5 in melanoma progression, we established a metastasizing murine xenograft model using CXCL5-overexpressing human melanoma cells. CXCL5 had no effect on melanoma proliferation in vitro and on primary tumor growth in vivo, but CXCL5-overexpressing tumors recruited high amounts of neutrophils and exhibited significantly increased lymphangiogenesis in our severe combined immune-deficient mouse model. Recruited neutrophils were found in close proximity to or within lymphatic vessels, often in direct contact with melanoma cells. Clinically, CXCL5-overexpressing melanomas had significantly increased lymph node metastases. We were able to translate these findings to human patient samples and found a positive correlation between CXCL5 expression, numbers of neutrophils in stage T4 primary melanoma, and the occurrence of subsequent locoregional metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Soler-Cardona
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Division of General Dermatology and Dermato-Oncology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnes Forsthuber
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Lipp
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Magdalena Heinz
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaudia Schossleitner
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Marion Gröger
- Core Facility Imaging, Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Petzelbauer
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Division of General Dermatology and Dermato-Oncology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Hoeller
- Division of General Dermatology and Dermato-Oncology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Wagner
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert Loewe
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Division of General Dermatology and Dermato-Oncology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yang Y, Hou J, Shao M, Zhang W, Qi Y, E S, Wang S, Sui H, Meng D, Wang B, Wang M, Han Y, Cao Y, Huang X, Li Y, Zhang P, Wang W. CXCL5 as an autocrine or paracrine cytokine is associated with proliferation and migration of hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7977-7985. [PMID: 29344240 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) is a CXC-type chemokine that is a crucial inflammatory mediator and a powerful attractant for granulocytic immune cells. Increasing evidence has indicated that CXCL5 is involved in the tumorigenesis of various malignancies. The present investigation demonstrated that CXCL5 was expressed in both hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells and liver stellate LX-2 cells, and CXCL5's receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CXCR2) was expressed in HepG2 cells by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting and ELISA assays. Cell counting kit-8, colony formation and Transwell assays revealed that exogenous CXCL5 expression efficiently promoted proliferation, colony formation and migration of HepG2 cells. To explore the autocrine and paracrine roles of CXCL5 in the oncogenic potential of HepG2 cells, HepG2 cells overexpressing CXCL5 and LX-2 cells overexpressing CXCL5 were successfully constructed by gene transfection. Similarly, overexpression of CXCL5 in HepG2 also enhanced proliferation, colony formation and migration of HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the condition medium of LX-2 cells overexpressing CXCL5 affected the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells. RT-PCR and western blotting assays were also conducted to explore whether overexpression of CXCL5 in HepG2 modulated the expression of genes. The results revealed that overexpression of CXCL5 regulated the expression of several genes, including N-myc downregulated gene 3,w B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein, P53, vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin (IL)-18, IL-1β and cystathionine-γ-lyase. In conclusion, the present findings indicate that CXCL5/CXCR2 axis contributes to the oncogenic potential of hepatoblastoma via autocrine or paracrine pathways by regulating expression of genes associated with the progression of carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Jie Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Mingliang Shao
- The Fifth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Fifth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, P.R. China
| | - Yaling Qi
- Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Shengnan E
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Shuqiu Wang
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Sui
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Dexin Meng
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Baixin Wang
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Mingfu Wang
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Yang Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Yu Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Huang
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Pengxia Zhang
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Weiqun Wang
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dang H, Wu W, Wang B, Cui C, Niu J, Chen J, Chen Z, Liu Y. CXCL5 Plays a Promoting Role in Osteosarcoma Cell Migration and Invasion in Autocrine- and Paracrine-Dependent Manners. Oncol Res 2017; 25:177-186. [PMID: 28277189 PMCID: PMC7840695 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14732772150343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCL5, a CXC-type chemokine, is an important attractant for granulocytic immune cells by binding to its receptor CXCR2. Recently, CXCL5/CXCR2 has been found to play an oncogenic role in many human cancers. However, the exact role of CXCL5 in osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion has not been revealed. Here we found that the protein expression of CXCL5 was significantly increased in osteosarcoma tissues compared with that in matched adjacent nontumor tissues. Moreover, the expression of CXCL5 was significantly associated with advanced clinical stage and metastasis. Further investigation showed that the CXCL5 expression levels were also significantly increased in osteosarcoma cell lines, including Saos-2, MG63, U2OS, and SW1353, when compared with those in normal osteoblast hFoB1.19 cells. U2OS cells were further transfected with CXCL5-specific siRNA or overexpression plasmid. Knockdown of CXCL5 significantly suppressed U2OS cell migration and invasion. On the contrary, overexpression of CXLC5 remarkably promoted the migration and invasion of U2OS cells. Interestingly, both exogenous CXCL5 treatment and the conditioned medium of CXCL5-overexpressing hFoB1.19 cells could also enhance the migration and invasion of U2OS cells, suggesting that the promoting role of CXCL5 in U2OS cell migration and invasion is also in a paracrine-dependent manner. According to these data, our study demonstrates that CXCL5 is upregulated in osteosarcoma and may play an oncogenic role in osteosarcoma metastasis. Therefore, CXCL5 may become a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Dang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang D, Zhou J, Tang D, Zhou L, Chou L, Chou KY, Tao L, Lu LM. Neutrophil infiltration mediated by CXCL5 accumulation in the laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment: A mechanism by which tumour cells escape immune surveillance. Clin Immunol 2016; 175:34-40. [PMID: 27876461 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The CXCL5 chemokine is important for neutrophil accumulation in tumour tissues. In this report, we attempted to clarify whether and how infiltrating tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) affect the proliferation and activation of T cells. We examined chemokine expression by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and performed an immunohistochemical analysis of LSCC microarrays. The relationship between CXCL5 and CD66b (a neutrophil marker) was investigated by immunofluorescence staining. We found that CXCL5 was upregulated in LSCC tissues, whereas CXCL5 levels were decreased in LSCC patient serum. Furthermore, high levels of CXCL5 were significantly correlated with intratumoural neutrophil infiltration. Compared with peripheral blood neutrophils (PBNs), TANs significantly inhibited T cell proliferation and decreased IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion. These data suggest that excessive neutrophil infiltration is associated with advanced clinical stages of LSCC (T3 or T4, III or IV, and N1 or N2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University School of Medicine, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Department of Pudong Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, 2800 Gongwei Road, Shanghai 201300, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University School of Medicine, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Department of Pudong Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, 2800 Gongwei Road, Shanghai 201300, China
| | - Di Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University School of Medicine, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Department of Pudong Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, 2800 Gongwei Road, Shanghai 201300, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Liang Chou
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University School of Medicine, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Department of Pudong Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, 2800 Gongwei Road, Shanghai 201300, China
| | - Kuang-Yen Chou
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University School of Medicine, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Department of Pudong Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, 2800 Gongwei Road, Shanghai 201300, China.
| | - Li-Ming Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Raja UM, Gopal G, Shirley S, Ramakrishnan AS, Rajkumar T. Immunohistochemical expression and localization of cytokines/chemokines/growth factors in gastric cancer. Cytokine 2016; 89:82-90. [PMID: 27793525 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies on gastric cancer tissue and patient plasma samples identified several cytokines/chemokines/growth factors to be differentially expressed, compared to normal samples. In this study our aim was to understand the localization patterns of the markers in gastric tissues. We investigated the expression of PDGFRB, CCL3, MMP3, CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL20, IGFBP3, CXCL9, SPP1, CCL18, TIMP1, CCL15, CXCL5 and CCL4 in gastric tissues using Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on Tissue Microarrays (TMA). The TMA comprised of 25 apparently normal (AN), 87 paired normal (PN) and 134 gastric cancer (T) tissues. The epithelial and stromal expression of markers and their correlation with patient characteristics and outcome were analyzed. Several of the markers [PDGFRB (p<0.001), CCL3 (p<0.001), MMP3 (p<0.001), CXCL8 (p<0.001), CXCL10 (p<0.001), CCL20 (p<0.001), CXCL9 (p<0.001), CCL18 (p<0.001), TIMP1 (p=0.025), CCL15 (p<0.001)] were elevated in the stromal compartment of gastric cancers compared to AN tissues, with some having intermediate levels of expression in PN tissues. Epithelial and stromal PDGFRB (p=0.030, p=0.018) expression was associated with diffuse type gastric cancer. Stromal IGFBP3 (p=0.039), CXCL8 (p=0.008), TIMP1 (p<0.001), CCL4 (p=0.003) and SPP1 (p=0.048) expression was associated with intestinal type gastric cancer. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed higher epithelial PDGFRB (p=0.005 and p=0.004), CXCL8 (p=0.009 and p=0.007) were associated with poor disease free and overall survival. In multivariate analysis, high epithelial PDGFRB (p=0.036 and p=0.02) and SPP1 (p=0.003 and p<0.001) were independent prognostic factors for DFS and OS in patients with gastric cancer. The expression of cytokine/chemokine/growth factor markers is higher in the gastric tumor stroma compared to the normal gastric stroma and PDGFRB and SPP1 may serve as potential prognostic factors in gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uthandaraman Mahalinga Raja
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Gopisetty Gopal
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sundersingh Shirley
- Department of Oncopathology, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ayloor Seshadri Ramakrishnan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Thangarajan Rajkumar
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dai Z, Wu J, Chen F, Cheng Q, Zhang M, Wang Y, Guo Y, Song T. CXCL5 promotes the proliferation and migration of glioma cells in autocrine- and paracrine-dependent manners. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3303-3310. [PMID: 27748886 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCL5 and its receptor CXCR2 have been found to be involved in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Recent studies have shown that CXCR2 is upregulated in glioma tissues, and associated with poor prognosis and recurrence. However, the role of CXCL5/CXCR2 signaling in mediating the malignant phenotypes of glioma cells, as well as the underlying mechanism, still remains unclear. In the present study, we found that CXCL5 was upregulated in glioma tissues compared to that noted in normal brain tissues. High CXCL5 levels were significantly associated with higher tumor grade, advanced clinical stage, and shorter survival time of glioma patients. In vitro studies indicated that the protein expression levels of CXCL5 and CXCR2 were markedly higher in human glioma cell lines (U87, U251, U373 and A172), when compared with those in normal human gliocyte HEB cells. Overexpression of CXLC5 significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of U87 cells, while knockdown of CXCL5 by small interfering RNA markedly inhibited U87 cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, both exogenous CXCL5 treatment and the conditioned medium of CXCL5-overexpressing HEB cells also enhanced the proliferation and migration of U87 cells. Molecular mechanism investigation revealed that CXLC5 activated the ERK, JNK, p38 MAPK signaling pathways, which play key roles in tumor growth and metastasis. According to these data, our study suggests that CXCL5 plays a promoting role in glioma in autocrine- and paracrine-dependent manners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Dai
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Fenghua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Song B, Du J, Feng Y, Gao YJ, Zhao JS. Co-expressed differentially expressed genes and long non-coding RNAs involved in the celecoxib treatment of gastric cancer: An RNA sequencing analysis. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2455-2468. [PMID: 27698747 PMCID: PMC5038183 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in a gastric cancer cell line treated with celecoxib. The human gastric carcinoma cell line NCI-N87 was treated with 15 µM celecoxib for 72 h (celecoxib group) and an equal volume of dimethylsulfoxide (control group), respectively. Libraries were constructed by NEBNext Ultra RNA Library Prep kit for Illumina. Paired-end RNA sequencing reads were aligned to a human hg19 reference genome using TopHat2. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and lncRNAs were identified using Cuffdiff. Enrichment analysis was performed using GO-function package and KEGG profile in Bioconductor. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using STRING database and module analysis was performed using ClusterONE plugin of Cytoscape. ATP5G1, ATP5G3, COX8A, CYC1, NDUFS3, UQCRC1, UQCRC2 and UQCRFS1 were enriched in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL5 and CXCL8 were enriched in the chemokine signaling and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways. ITGA3, ITGA6, ITGB4, ITGB5, ITGB6 and ITGB8 were enriched in the integrin-mediated signaling pathway. DEGs co-expressed with lnc-SCD-1:13, lnc-LRR1-1:2, lnc-PTMS-1:3, lnc-S100P-3:1, lnc-AP000974.1-1:1 and lnc-RAB3IL1-2:1 were enriched in the pathways associated with cancer, such as the basal cell carcinoma pathway in cancer. In conclusion, these DEGs and differentially expressed lncRNAs may be important in the celecoxib treatment of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Tumor Hospital of Jilin, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Ye Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Jian Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Sheng Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bonavita O, Massara M, Bonecchi R. Chemokine regulation of neutrophil function in tumors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 30:81-6. [PMID: 27021826 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of neutrophils in cancer and metastasis is still debated and controversial since they have been shown to be endowed with both pro- and antitumor functions. These contradictory results seem to be now explained by recent discoveries of tumor-associated neutrophils plasticity and multiple neutrophil subsets. Chemokines and chemokine receptors are known to tightly regulate the release of neutrophils from the bone marrow, their passage into circulation and transmigration into the tissues as well as tumor infiltration. It is emerging that chemokine receptors are differentially expressed by neutrophil subsets and they affect not only their recruitment but also their effector functions. Here we are resuming human and murine data suggesting that therapeutic modulation of neutrophil activity through the targeting of specific chemokines or chemokine receptors can improve their anti-tumoral properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Bonavita
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Matteo Massara
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Bonecchi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Choi SH, Ruggiero D, Sorice R, Song C, Nutile T, Vernon Smith A, Concas MP, Traglia M, Barbieri C, Ndiaye NC, Stathopoulou MG, Lagou V, Maestrale GB, Sala C, Debette S, Kovacs P, Lind L, Lamont J, Fitzgerald P, Tönjes A, Gudnason V, Toniolo D, Pirastu M, Bellenguez C, Vasan RS, Ingelsson E, Leutenegger AL, Johnson AD, DeStefano AL, Visvikis-Siest S, Seshadri S, Ciullo M. Six Novel Loci Associated with Circulating VEGF Levels Identified by a Meta-analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005874. [PMID: 26910538 PMCID: PMC4766012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic and neurotrophic factor, secreted by endothelial cells, known to impact various physiological and disease processes from cancer to cardiovascular disease and to be pharmacologically modifiable. We sought to identify novel loci associated with circulating VEGF levels through a genome-wide association meta-analysis combining data from European-ancestry individuals and using a dense variant map from 1000 genomes imputation panel. Six discovery cohorts including 13,312 samples were analyzed, followed by in-silico and de-novo replication studies including an additional 2,800 individuals. A total of 10 genome-wide significant variants were identified at 7 loci. Four were novel loci (5q14.3, 10q21.3, 16q24.2 and 18q22.3) and the leading variants at these loci were rs114694170 (MEF2C, P = 6.79x10-13), rs74506613 (JMJD1C, P = 1.17x10-19), rs4782371 (ZFPM1, P = 1.59x10-9) and rs2639990 (ZADH2, P = 1.72x10-8), respectively. We also identified two new independent variants (rs34528081, VEGFA, P = 1.52x10-18; rs7043199, VLDLR-AS1, P = 5.12x10-14) at the 3 previously identified loci and strengthened the evidence for the four previously identified SNPs (rs6921438, LOC100132354, P = 7.39x10-1467; rs1740073, C6orf223, P = 2.34x10-17; rs6993770, ZFPM2, P = 2.44x10-60; rs2375981, KCNV2, P = 1.48x10-100). These variants collectively explained up to 52% of the VEGF phenotypic variance. We explored biological links between genes in the associated loci using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis that emphasized their roles in embryonic development and function. Gene set enrichment analysis identified the ERK5 pathway as enriched in genes containing VEGF associated variants. eQTL analysis showed, in three of the identified regions, variants acting as both cis and trans eQTLs for multiple genes. Most of these genes, as well as some of those in the associated loci, were involved in platelet biogenesis and functionality, suggesting the importance of this process in regulation of VEGF levels. This work also provided new insights into the involvement of genes implicated in various angiogenesis related pathologies in determining circulating VEGF levels. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which the identified genes affect circulating VEGF levels could be important in the development of novel VEGF-related therapies for such diseases. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is a protein with a fundamental role in development of vascular system. The protein, produced by many types of cells, is released in the blood. High levels of VEGF have been observed in different pathological conditions especially in cancer, cardiovascular, and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, identifying the genetic factors influencing VEGF levels is important for predicting and treating such pathologies. The number of genetic variants associated with VEGF levels has been limited. To identify new loci, we have performed a Genome Wide Association Study meta-analysis on a sample of more than 16,000 individuals from 10 cohorts, using a high-density genetic map. This analysis revealed 10 variants associated with VEGF circulating levels, 6 of these being novel associations. The 10 variants cumulatively explain more than 50% of the variability of VEGF serum levels. Our analyses have identified genes known to be involved in angiogenesis related diseases and genes implicated in platelet metabolism, suggesting the importance of links between this process and VEGF regulation. Overall, these data have improved our understanding of the genetic variation underlying circulating VEGF levels. This in turn could guide our response to the challenge posed by various VEGF-related pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hoan Choi
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniela Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Sorice
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Ci Song
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Albert Vernon Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Sassari, Italy
| | - Michela Traglia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Caterina Barbieri
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye
- UMR INSERM U1122, IGE-PCV “Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire”, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Maria G. Stathopoulou
- UMR INSERM U1122, IGE-PCV “Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire”, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cinzia Sala
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Stephanie Debette
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U897, Bordeaux, France
| | - Peter Kovacs
- University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John Lamont
- Randox Laboratories, Crumlin, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anke Tönjes
- University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniela Toniolo
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Pirastu
- Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Sassari, Italy
| | - Celine Bellenguez
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- INSEM U744, Lille, France
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anne-Louise Leutenegger
- INSERM U946, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, IUH, UMR-S 946, Paris, France
| | - Andrew D. Johnson
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anita L. DeStefano
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sophie Visvikis-Siest
- UMR INSERM U1122, IGE-PCV “Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire”, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SS); (MC)
| | - Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (SS); (MC)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhu X, Qiao Y, Liu W, Wang W, Shen H, Lu Y, Hao G, Zheng J, Tian Y. CXCL5 is a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for bladder cancer patients. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:4569-77. [PMID: 26503215 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 5 (CXCL5) is critical for bladder cancer growth and progression. Our previous study demonstrated that increase of CXCL5 in bladder cancer cell lines had an effect on tumor growth and progression. This study aims to investigate the expression of CXCL5 in tissue and urine of bladder cancer patients, in relation to clinicopathologic parameters, and as a predictive value in diagnosing and evaluating bladder cancer. Urothelial bladder cancer tissues from 255 patients were profiled for CXCL5 alterations by immunohistochemistry. Urine samples collected from patients with bladder cancer and urinary tract infections as well as healthy volunteers were analyzed by ELISA. High expression of CXCL5 in bladder cancer tissue was correlated with TNM stage (P = 0.012), cancer grade (P = 0.001), and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.007). CXCL5 alterations were associated with overall survival (P = 0.007), progression free survival (P = 0.004), and recurrence free survival in muscle invasive bladder cancers (P = 0.026). CXCL5 expression in the urine of bladder cancer patients was significantly different from urinary tract infection patients (P = 0.001) and healthy volunteers. However, urine leukocytes may predict CXCL5 levels (β = 0.56, P < 0.001, R (2) = 0.314). CXCL5 expression in urine was also related to bladder cancer TNM stage (P = 0.039), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.023), tumor size (P = 0.007), and tumor grade (P = 0.005). The sensitivity and specificity for CXCL5/creatinine in predicting bladder cancer were 80.4 and 61.3 %, respectively. These results suggest increased CXCL5 expression in cancer tissue predicts poor survival in bladder cancer patients. CXCL5 expression in urine is useful in a minimally invasive modality for bladder cancer diagnosis. However, urine leukocytes are significant predictors of CXCL5 levels and may affect its result in bladder cancer diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhu
- Department of Urology, Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 95th Yong An Road, Xuan Wu District, Beijing, China, 100050
| | - Yan Qiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenying Wang
- Department of Urology, Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 95th Yong An Road, Xuan Wu District, Beijing, China, 100050
| | - Hongliang Shen
- Department of Urology, Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 95th Yong An Road, Xuan Wu District, Beijing, China, 100050
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Urology, Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 95th Yong An Road, Xuan Wu District, Beijing, China, 100050
| | - Gangyue Hao
- Department of Urology, Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 95th Yong An Road, Xuan Wu District, Beijing, China, 100050
| | - Jiajia Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Urology, Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 95th Yong An Road, Xuan Wu District, Beijing, China, 100050.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rivas-Fuentes S, Salgado-Aguayo A, Pertuz Belloso S, Gorocica Rosete P, Alvarado-Vásquez N, Aquino-Jarquin G. Role of Chemokines in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Angiogenesis and Inflammation. J Cancer 2015; 6:938-52. [PMID: 26316890 PMCID: PMC4543754 DOI: 10.7150/jca.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common types of aggressive cancer. The tumor tissue, which shows an active angiogenesis, is composed of neoplastic and stromal cells, and an abundant inflammatory infiltrate. Angiogenesis is important to support tumor growth, while infiltrating cells contribute to the tumor microenvironment through the secretion of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines, important molecules in the progression of the disease. Chemokines are important in development, activation of the immune response, and physiological angiogenesis. Chemokines have emerged as important regulators in the pathophysiology of cancer. These molecules are involved in the angiogenesis/angiostasis balance and in the recruitment of tumor infiltrating hematopoietic cells. In addition, chemokines promote tumor cell survival, as well as the directing and establishment of tumor cells to metastasis sites. The findings summarized here emphasize the central role of chemokines as modulators of tumor angiogenesis and their potential role as therapeutic targets in the inflammatory process of NSCLC angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selma Rivas-Fuentes
- 1. Department of Biochemistry Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Salgado-Aguayo
- 2. Laboratory of Research on Rheumatic Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvana Pertuz Belloso
- 3. Department of Comparative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Gorocica Rosete
- 1. Department of Biochemistry Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Noé Alvarado-Vásquez
- 1. Department of Biochemistry Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Aquino-Jarquin
- 4. Laboratory of Research on Genomics, Genetics and Bioinformatics. Tower of Haemato-oncology, Children´s Hospital of Mexico “Federico Gomez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
GAO YE, GUAN ZHENFENG, CHEN JIAQI, XIE HONGJUN, YANG ZHAO, FAN JINHAI, WANG XINYANG, LI LEI. CXCL5/CXCR2 axis promotes bladder cancer cell migration and invasion by activating PI3K/AKT-induced upregulation of MMP2/MMP9. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:690-700. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
40
|
Lim JB, Chung HW. Serum ENA78/CXCL5, SDF-1/CXCL12, and their combinations as potential biomarkers for prediction of the presence and distant metastasis of primary gastric cancer. Cytokine 2015; 73:16-22. [PMID: 25689618 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokines play important roles in cancer development and progression. Epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide-78 (ENA78/CXCL5) and stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1/CXCL12) supposedly contribute to gastric cancer (GC) development and progression. This study aims to evaluate serum levels of ENA78/CXCL5 and SDF-1/CXCL12 along the GC carcinogenesis, and analyze their clinical significance, and diagnostic potentials through human serum samples. METHODS A total of 300 subjects were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of ENA78/CXCL5 and SDF-1/CXCL12, measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay, were compared among 4 disease groups; normal, high-risk (intestinal metaplasia and adenoma), early GC (EGC), and advanced GC (AGC) groups in both training (n=25 per group) and validation dataset (n=70, 30, 50, 50, respectively) by ANOVA test (post hoc Bonferroni). Correlations between serum ENA78/CXCL5 or SDF-1/CXCL12 levels and clinicopathological parameters of GC patients were evaluated (Spearman's correlation; γs). To validate the diagnostic accuracy, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS Serum ENA78/CXCL5 and SDF-1/CXCL12 levels were significantly higher in AGC groups than EGC, high-risk and normal groups in both training and validation dataset (Bonferroni, from p<0.01 to p<0.001). Clinicopathologically, serum ENA78/CXCL5 was correlated with T-stage (γs=0.231, p=0.021) and distant metastasis (γs=0.357, p<0.001), while serum SDF-1/CXCL12 was correlated with lymph node (γs=0.220, p=0.029) and distant (γs=0.425, p<0.001) metastasis. ROC curve and logistic regression demonstrated that serum ENA78/CXCL5 and SDF-1/CXCL12 showed higher diagnostic accuracy compared with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in predicting GC. Serum ENA78/CXCL5 could predict both the presence of GC and distant metastasis, while serum SDF-1/CXCL12 could mainly predict its distant metastasis. All combination of serum ENA78/CXCL5, SDF-1/CXCL12, and CEA achieved 92.8% specificity at 75.0% sensitivity to predict distant metastasis of GC. CONCLUSIONS Combinations of initial serum ENA78/CXCL5, SDF-1/CXCL12, and CEA before any treatment for GC can produce valuable serum biomarker panels to predict the presence and distant metastasis of GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Baeck Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Chung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Xu X, Huang P, Yang B, Wang X, Xia J. Roles of CXCL5 on migration and invasion of liver cancer cells. J Transl Med 2014; 12:193. [PMID: 25011526 PMCID: PMC4097051 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory factors play a vital role in the progression of liver cancer, although exact factors and related mechanisms still remain unclear. The present study aimed at screening inflammatory factors related to liver cancer metastasis and investigating the potential mechanism by which cancer cells are recruited. We screened and validated inflammatory factors by microarray and RT-PCR. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) and recombinant protein were used to assess CXCL5 effects on the movement of liver cancer cells (LCCs). Our screening microarray demonstrated over-expression of CXCL5 in LCCs with high metastatic potentials. CXCL5 increased LCCs migration and invasion, probably through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. CXCL5-CXCR2 and ERK1/2 pathways could play critical roles in the regulation of LCCs migration. Our data indicates that LCCs per se may act as the producer and receptor of CXCL5 responsible for liver cancer migration and invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiangdong Wang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zheng J, Zhu X, Zhang J. CXCL5 knockdown expression inhibits human bladder cancer T24 cells proliferation and migration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:18-24. [PMID: 24583128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CXCL5 (epithelial neutrophil activating peptide-78) which acts as a potent chemoattractant and activator of neutrophil function was reported to play a multifaceted role in tumorigenesis. To investigate the role of CXCL5 in bladder cancer progression, we examined the CXCL5 expression in bladder cancer tissues by real-time PCR and Western blot, additionally, we used shRNA-mediated silencing to generate stable CXCL5 silenced bladder cancer T24 cells and defined its biological functions. Our results demonstrated that mRNA and protein of CXCL5 is increased in human bladder tumor tissues and cell lines, down-regulation of CXCL5 in T24 cells resulted in significantly decreased cell proliferation, migration and increased cell apoptosis in vitro through Snail, PI3K-AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. These data suggest that CXCL5 is critical for bladder tumor growth and progression, it may represent a potential application in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lee HJ, Song IC, Yun HJ, Jo DY, Kim S. CXC chemokines and chemokine receptors in gastric cancer: From basic findings towards therapeutic targeting. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:1681-1693. [PMID: 24587647 PMCID: PMC3930968 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i7.1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer, and the second-highest cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite extensive research to identify novel diagnostic and therapeutic agents, patients with advanced gastric cancer suffer from a poor quality of life and poor prognosis, and treatment is dependent mainly on conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. To improve the quality of life and survival of gastric cancer patients, a better understanding of the underlying molecular pathologies, and their application towards the development of novel targeted therapies, is urgently needed. Chemokines are a group of small proteins associated with cytoskeletal rearrangements, the directional migration of several cell types during development and physiology, and the host immune response via interactions with G-protein coupled receptors. There is also growing evidence to suggest that chemokines not only play a role in the immune system, but are also involved in the development and progression of tumors. In gastric cancer, CXC chemokines and chemokine receptors regulate the trafficking of cells in and out of the tumor microenvironment. CXC chemokines and their receptors can also directly influence tumorigenesis by modulating tumor transformation, survival, growth, invasion and metastasis, as well as indirectly by regulating angiogenesis, and tumor-leukocyte interactions. In this review, we will focus on the roles of CXC chemokines and their receptors in the development, progression, and metastasis of gastric tumors, and discuss their therapeutic potential for gastric cancer.
Collapse
|
44
|
CXCL5 as a potential novel prognostic factor in early stage non-small cell lung cancer: results of a study of expression levels of 23 genes. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:4619-28. [PMID: 24500664 PMCID: PMC4009141 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As the current staging system is imprecise for estimating prognosis of early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it is important to identify other methods for selecting high-risk patients after failed surgical treatment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of 23 genes as putative prognostic markers in early stage NSCLC. The study was performed on 109 pairs of tumor and matched unaffected lung tissue surgical specimens taken from stage I and II NSCLC patients. We evaluated the mRNA level of 23 genes using the real-time PCR method. The difference in the expression between the tumor and normal tissue for each gene was analyzed using a general linear model. The influence of gene expression on survival was analyzed by using the proportional hazards model. Eighteen out of the 23 genes showed statistically significant differences in expression between the tumor and non-tumor tissue. For 12 genes (ITGB1, ITGB3, CXCL1, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCR3, CXCR4, TNF, CHKA, AGFG1, and CTC1), the expression was lower, and for six genes (ITGA5, IL8, IL6, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL12), it was higher in the tumor tissue as compared to the matched normal tissue. Expression changes were more pronounced in squamous cell carcinomas than in adenocarcinomas or large cell carcinomas. Of all the analyzed genes, only CXCL5 was found to statistically significantly (p = 0.04) influence both overall and disease-free survival. Among the 23 genes previously suggested to be relevant for early staged NSCLC patients’ postoperative outcome, only CXCL5 showed a statistically significant prognostic effect.
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhou SL, Dai Z, Zhou ZJ, Chen Q, Wang Z, Xiao YS, Hu ZQ, Huang XY, Yang GH, Shi YH, Qiu SJ, Fan J, Zhou J. CXCL5 contributes to tumor metastasis and recurrence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by recruiting infiltrative intratumoral neutrophils. Carcinogenesis 2013; 35:597-605. [PMID: 24293410 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCL5 is a member of the CXC-type chemokine family that may play a role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. This study investigates the biological function and clinical significance of CXCL5 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). We demonstrated that CXCL5 was overexpressed in ICC cell lines and tumor samples compared with paired normal tissues. CXCL5 had a direct chemoattractant effect on neutrophils in vitro through PI3K-Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathways. In animal studies, CXCL5 promoted tumor growth and metastasis without altering in vitro proliferative and invasive ability of ICC cells, and this effect was mediated by the recruitment of intratumoral infiltrative neutrophils by tumor-derived CXCL5. Immunohistochemical analysis of ICC samples showed that overexpression of CXCL5 correlated strongly with intratumoral neutrophil infiltration, shorter overall survival and high tumor recurrence. Multivariate analysis revealed that CXCL5 overexpression alone, or combined with the presence of intratumoral neutrophils, was an independent prognostic indicator for ICC. In conclusion, our data showed that CXCL5 promotes ICC growth and metastasis by recruiting intratumoral neutrophils. CXCL5 alone or combined with intratumoral neutrophils is a novel prognostic predictor for ICC patients and a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lai Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Miyazaki H, Takabe K, Yeudall WA. Chemokines, chemokine receptors and the gastrointestinal system. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:2847-2863. [PMID: 23704819 PMCID: PMC3660811 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i19.2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological properties of tumor cells are known to be regulated by a multitude of cytokines and growth factors, which include epidermal growth factor receptor agonists and members of the transforming growth factor β family. Furthermore, the recent explosion of research in the field of chemokine function as mediators of tumor progression has led to the possibility that these small, immunomodulatory proteins also play key roles in carcinogenesis and may, therefore, be potential targets for novel therapeutic approaches. In this review, we will summarize recently reported findings in chemokine biology with a focus on the gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
|
47
|
Kogure M, Takawa M, Cho HS, Toyokawa G, Hayashi K, Tsunoda T, Kobayashi T, Daigo Y, Sugiyama M, Atomi Y, Nakamura Y, Hamamoto R. Deregulation of the histone demethylase JMJD2A is involved in human carcinogenesis through regulation of the G(1)/S transition. Cancer Lett 2013; 336:76-84. [PMID: 23603248 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although a number of JmjC-containing histone demethylases have been identified and biochemically characterized, pathological roles of their dysfunction in human disease such as cancer have not been well elucidated. Here, we report the Jumonji domain containing 2A (JMJD2A) is integral to proliferation of cancer cells. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed higher expression of JMJD2A in clinical bladder cancer tissues than in corresponding non-neoplastic tissues (P<0.0001). Immunohistochemical analysis also showed positive staining for JMJD2A in 288 out of 403 lung cancer cases, whereas no staining was observed in lung normal tissues. Suppression of JMJD2A expression in lung and bladder cancer cells overexpressing this gene, using specific siRNAs, inhibited incorporation of BrdU and resulted in significant suppression of cell growth. Furthermore, JMJD2A appears to directly transactivate the expression of some tumor associated proteins including ADAM12 through the regulation of histone H3K9 methylation. As expression levels of JMJD2A are low in normal tissues, it may be feasible to develop specific inhibitors targeting the enzyme as anti-tumor agents which should have a minimal risk of adverse reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Kogure
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang H, Xia W, Lu X, Sun R, Wang L, Zheng L, Ye Y, Bao Y, Xiang Y, Guo X. A novel statistical prognostic score model that includes serum CXCL5 levels and clinical classification predicts risk of disease progression and survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57830. [PMID: 23469080 PMCID: PMC3585222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant expression of C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5) contributes to the progression of various cancers. This study analyzed the clinical significance of serum CXCL5 (sCXCL5) levels of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients, with the goal of building a novel prognostic score model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Serum samples were collected prior to treatment from 290 NPC patients for the detection of sCXCL5 with ELISA. Half of the patients (n = 145) were randomly assigned to the training set to generate the sCXCL5 cutoff point using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, while the other half (n = 145) were assigned to the testing set for validation. Associations between sCXCL5 levels and clinical characteristics were analyzed. A prognostic score model was built using independent predictors derived from multivariate analysis. A concordance index (C-Index) was used to evaluate prognostic ability. RESULTS The sCXCL5 cutoff point was 0.805 ng/ml. Sex, age, histology, T classification, clinical classification and local recurrence were not associated with sCXCL5 levels. However, sCXCL5 levels were positively associated with N classification, distant metastasis and disease progression (P<0.05). A high sCXCL5 level predicted poor 6-year overall survival (OS), poor 6-year distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and poor 6-year progression-free survival (PFS). A prognostic score model was subsequently constructed based on sCXCL5 levels and clinical classification (C-C model), which are independent predictors of OS, DMFS, and PFS, as confirmed by the multivariate analysis. Furthermore, this novel model successfully divided the patients into four risk subgroups in the training set, the testing set and the entire set of patients. The C-Indices were 0.751 and 0.762 for the training set and the testing set, respectively. CONCLUSIONS sCXCL5 level was determined to be an independent prognostic factor for NPC patients. The novel statistical C-C model, which includes sCXCL5 levels and clinical classification, could be helpful in predicting the prognosis of NPC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixiong Xia
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Lu
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lisheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Ye
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingna Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqun Xiang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Xu X, Xia J, Wang X. Potential anticancer therapies via CXCL5 and its receptors. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2013; 5:347-50. [PMID: 22943113 DOI: 10.1586/ecp.12.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
50
|
Zhou SL, Dai Z, Zhou ZJ, Wang XY, Yang GH, Wang Z, Huang XW, Fan J, Zhou J. Overexpression of CXCL5 mediates neutrophil infiltration and indicates poor prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2012; 56:2242-54. [PMID: 22711685 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED CXCL5 (epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide-78) is a member of a proangiogenic subgroup of the CXC-type chemokine family of small, secreted proteins. Recently, evidence that CXCL5 is involved in carcinogenesis and cancer progression has emerged. To investigate the role of CXCL5 in tumor growth, invasion, and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we examined CXCL5 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels in HCC cell lines with various metastatic potentials and in three independent cohorts of 919 HCC patients. We found that CXCL5 expression was increased in the highly metastatic HCC cell lines and in tumor tissues from patients with recurrent HCC compared to controls. CXCL5 activated the PI3K-Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in HCC cells and promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, we found that CXCL5 had a direct chemoattractant effect on neutrophils in vitro. In animal studies, the up-regulation of CXCL5 in HCC cells promoted tumor growth, lung metastasis, and intratumoral neutrophil infiltration. Conversely, down-regulation of CXCL5 in HCC cells reduced tumor growth, metastasis, and intratumoral neutrophil infiltration. Immunohistochemical analysis in HCC samples showed that overexpression of CXCL5 was well correlated with intratumoral neutrophil infiltration, shorter overall survival, and tumor recurrence. Multivariate analysis revealed that CXCL5 overexpression alone, or combined with the presence of intratumoral neutrophils, was an independent prognostic indicator for overall survival and cumulative recurrence. CONCLUSION CXCL5 promotes HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and intratumoral neutrophil infiltration. CXCL5 overexpression, alone or combined with intratumoral neutrophil presence, is a novel prognostic predictor, and CXCL5 is a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lai Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|