1
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Huang JL, Chen SY, Lin CS. Targeting Cancer Stem Cells through Epigenetic Modulation of Interferon Response. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12040556. [PMID: 35455671 PMCID: PMC9027081 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subset of cancer cells and are thought to play a critical role in the initiation and maintenance of tumor mass. CSCs exhibit similar hallmarks to normal stem cells, such as self-renewal, differentiation, and homeostasis. In addition, CSCs are equipped with several features so as to evade anticancer mechanisms. Therefore, it is hard to eliminate CSCs by conventional anticancer therapeutics that are effective at clearing bulk cancer cells. Interferons are innate cytokines and are the key players in immune surveillance to respond to invaded pathogens. Interferons are also crucial for adaptive immunity for the killing of specific aliens including cancer cells. However, CSCs usually evolve to escape from interferon-mediated immune surveillance and to shape the niche as a “cold” tumor microenvironment (TME). These CSC characteristics are related to their unique epigenetic regulations that are different from those of normal and bulk cancer cells. In this review, we introduce the roles of epigenetic modifiers, focusing on LSD1, BMI1, G9a, and SETDB1, in contributing to CSC characteristics and discussing the interplay between CSCs and interferon response. We also discuss the emerging strategy for eradicating CSCs by targeting these epigenetic modifiers, which can elevate cytosolic nuclei acids, trigger interferon response, and reshape a “hot” TME for improving cancer immunotherapy. The key epigenetic and immune genes involved in this crosstalk can be used as biomarkers for precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jau-Ling Huang
- Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan;
| | - Si-Yun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Shen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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2
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Wu C, Lin W, Fu F. Long non-coding RNA DLX6-AS1 knockdown suppresses the tumorigenesis and progression of non-small cell lung cancer through microRNA-16-5p/BMI1 axis. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 10:3772-3787. [PMID: 35116677 PMCID: PMC8799293 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a huge threat to sufferers' life and overall health. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) distal-less homeobox 6 antisense RNA 1 (DLX6-AS1) has been revealed to function as a carcinogenesis factor in some cancers. This research aimed to scrutinize the role and mechanism underlying DLX6-AS1 in NSCLC tumorigenesis and progression. METHODS The levels of DLX6-AS1, microRNA-16-5p (miR-16-5p), and BMI1 mRNA were estimated via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay. The protein levels were disclosed by western blot assay. Cell proliferative potential was estimated by colony formation and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays. Cell migration was estimated by Transwell and wound healing assay. A Transwell assay was executed to estimate cell invasion. The relationships of DLX6-AS1, miR-16-5p, and BMI1 were forecasted by bioinformatics analysis, and confirmed by luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. A xenograft mice model was employed to to inspect the function of DLX6-AS1 knockdown on NSCLC tumorigenesis in vivo. RESULTS DLX6-AS1 was overexpressed in NSCLC tissues and cells, and was inextricably linked with the poor prognosis of NSCLC patients. Depletion of DLX6-AS1 oppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) but promoted apoptosis in NSCLC. MiR-16-5p is a target of DLX6-AS1 and directly targets BMI1. Moreover, the anti-tumor impacts of miR-16-5p were overturned by overexpression of DLX6-AS1 or BMI1 in NSCLC cells. Additionally, DLX6-AS1 silencing inhibited tumor growth of NSCLC in vivo. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, lncRNA DLX6-AS1 downregulation suppressed the tumorigenesis and progression of NSCLC via miR-16-5p/BMI1 axis in vitro and in vivo, elucidating the vital roles and downstream targets of DLX6-AS1 in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengde Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou People's Hospital, Haidian Island, Haikou, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou People's Hospital, Haidian Island, Haikou, China
| | - Fangyong Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou People's Hospital, Haidian Island, Haikou, China
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3
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Maroni G, Bassal MA, Krishnan I, Fhu CW, Savova V, Zilionis R, Maymi VA, Pandell N, Csizmadia E, Zhang J, Storti B, Castaño J, Panella R, Li J, Gustafson CE, Fox S, Levy RD, Meyerovitz CV, Tramontozzi PJ, Vermilya K, De Rienzo A, Crucitta S, Bassères DS, Weetall M, Branstrom A, Giorgetti A, Ciampi R, Del Re M, Danesi R, Bizzarri R, Yang H, Kocher O, Klein AM, Welner RS, Bueno R, Magli MC, Clohessy JG, Ali A, Tenen DG, Levantini E. Identification of a targetable KRAS-mutant epithelial population in non-small cell lung cancer. Commun Biol 2021; 4:370. [PMID: 33854168 PMCID: PMC8046784 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01897-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths. Tumor heterogeneity, which hampers development of targeted therapies, was herein deconvoluted via single cell RNA sequencing in aggressive human adenocarcinomas (carrying Kras-mutations) and comparable murine model. We identified a tumor-specific, mutant-KRAS-associated subpopulation which is conserved in both human and murine lung cancer. We previously reported a key role for the oncogene BMI-1 in adenocarcinomas. We therefore investigated the effects of in vivo PTC596 treatment, which affects BMI-1 activity, in our murine model. Post-treatment, MRI analysis showed decreased tumor size, while single cell transcriptomics concomitantly detected near complete ablation of the mutant-KRAS-associated subpopulation, signifying the presence of a pharmacologically targetable, tumor-associated subpopulation. Our findings therefore hold promise for the development of a targeted therapy for KRAS-mutant adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Maroni
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Area della Ricerca di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mahmoud A Bassal
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Chee Wai Fhu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Virginia Savova
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rapolas Zilionis
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Valerie A Maymi
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Pandell
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Barbara Storti
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Julio Castaño
- Platform for Immunotherapy BST-Hospital Clinic, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Riccardo Panella
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Jia Li
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Corinne E Gustafson
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Lung Center and the International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sam Fox
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Lung Center and the International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel D Levy
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Lung Center and the International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claire V Meyerovitz
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Lung Center and the International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter J Tramontozzi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Lung Center and the International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly Vermilya
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Lung Center and the International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Assunta De Rienzo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Lung Center and the International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefania Crucitta
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela S Bassères
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marla Weetall
- PTC Therapeutics, 100 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, NJ, USA
| | - Art Branstrom
- PTC Therapeutics, 100 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, NJ, USA
| | - Alessandra Giorgetti
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Stem Cell Biology and Leukemiogenesis Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raffaele Ciampi
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marzia Del Re
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Romano Danesi
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ranieri Bizzarri
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olivier Kocher
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allon M Klein
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert S Welner
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Hemathology/Oncology, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Raphael Bueno
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Lung Center and the International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Cristina Magli
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Area della Ricerca di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - John G Clohessy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Azhar Ali
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel G Tenen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Elena Levantini
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Area della Ricerca di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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4
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Lee HY, Hong IS. Targeting Liver Cancer Stem Cells: An Alternative Therapeutic Approach for Liver Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102746. [PMID: 32987767 PMCID: PMC7598600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The first report of cancer stem cell (CSC) from Bruce et al. has demonstrated the relatively rare population of stem-like cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The discovery of leukemic CSCs prompted further identification of CSCs in multiple types of solid tumor. Recently, extensive research has attempted to identity CSCs in multiple types of solid tumors in the brain, colon, head and neck, liver, and lung. Based on these studies, we hypothesize that the initiation and progression of most malignant tumors rely largely on the CSC population. Recent studies indicated that stem cell-related markers or signaling pathways, such as aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), CD133, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and Notch signaling, contribute to the initiation and progression of various liver cancer types. Importantly, CSCs are markedly resistant to conventional therapeutic approaches and current targeted therapeutics. Therefore, it is believed that selectively targeting specific markers and/or signaling pathways of hepatic CSCs is an effective therapeutic strategy for treating chemotherapy-resistant liver cancer. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the hepatic CSC hypothesis and discuss the specific surface markers and critical signaling pathways involved in the development and maintenance of hepatic CSC subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, 85 Goesan-eup, Munmu-ro, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 367700, Korea;
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406840, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-899-6315; Fax: +82-32-899-6350
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5
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Zhou T, Cai Z, Ma N, Xie W, Gao C, Huang M, Bai Y, Ni Y, Tang Y. A Novel Ten-Gene Signature Predicting Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:629. [PMID: 32760725 PMCID: PMC7372135 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a dismal long-term outcome. We aimed to construct a multi-gene model for prognosis prediction to inform HCC management. The cancer-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using RNA-seq data of paired tumor and normal tissue. A prognostic signature was built by LASSO regression analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to further understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. A 10-gene signature was constructed to stratify the TCGA and ICGC cohorts into high- and low-risk groups where prognosis was significantly worse in the high-risk group across cohorts (P < 0.001 for all). The 10-gene signature outperformed all previously reported models for both C-index and the AUCs for 1-, 3-, 5-year survival prediction (C-index, 0.84 vs 0.67 to 0.73; AUCs for 1-, 3- and 5-year OS, 0.84 vs 0.68 to 0.79, 0.81 to 0.68 to 0.80, and 0.85 vs 0.67 to 0.78, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed risk group and tumor stage to be independent predictors of survival in HCC. A nomogram incorporating tumor stage and signature-based risk group showed better performance for 1- and 3-year survival than for 5-year survival. GSEA revealed enrichment of pathways related to cell cycle regulation among high-risk samples and metabolic processes in the low-risk group. Our 10-gene model is robust for prognosis prediction and may help inform clinical management of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taicheng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Cai
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhuan Xie
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Gao
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Mengli Huang
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Yuezong Bai
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Yangpeng Ni
- Department of Oncology, Jieyang People's Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Jieyang, China
| | - Yunqiang Tang
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Breast cancer stem cells: A fallow research ground in Africa. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153118. [PMID: 32853953 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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7
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Gisler S, Maia ARR, Chandrasekaran G, Kopparam J, van Lohuizen M. A genome-wide enrichment screen identifies NUMA1-loss as a resistance mechanism against mitotic cell-death induced by BMI1 inhibition. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227592. [PMID: 32343689 PMCID: PMC7188281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BMI1 is a core protein of the polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) that is overexpressed in several cancer types, making it a promising target for cancer therapies. However, the underlying mechanisms and interactions associated with BMI1-induced tumorigenesis are often context-dependent and complex. Here, we performed a drug resistance screen on mutagenized human haploid HAP1 cells treated with BMI1 inhibitor PTC-318 to find new genetic and mechanistic features associated with BMI1-dependent cancer cell proliferation. Our screen identified NUMA1-mutations as the most significant inducer of PTC-318 cell death resistance. Independent validations on NUMA1-proficient HAP1 and non-small cell lung cancer cell lines exposed to BMI1 inhibition by PTC-318 or BMI1 knockdown resulted in cell death following mitotic arrest. Interestingly, cells with CRISPR-Cas9 derived NUMA1 knockout also showed a mitotic arrest phenotype following BMI1 inhibition but, contrary to cells with wildtype NUMA1, these cells were resistant to BMI1-dependent cell death. The current study brings new insights to BMI1 inhibition-induced mitotic lethality in cancer cells and presents a previously unknown role of NUMA1 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Gisler
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Oncode and The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Rita R. Maia
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gayathri Chandrasekaran
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Oncode and The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jawahar Kopparam
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Oncode and The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van Lohuizen
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Oncode and The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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dos Santos HT, de Souza do Nascimento J, Meireles F, Scarini JF, Egal ES, Montalli VA, Fonseca FP, Mariano FV, Altemani A. Evaluation of the expression of Bmi-1 stem cell marker in sinonasal melanomas and its correlation with the expression of cell cycle proteins. SURGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s42047-019-0034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sinonasal melanomas (SNM) are aggressive neoplasms, which present distinct clinicopathological and molecular aspects when compared to cutaneous melanomas (CM). B-cell-specific moloney murine leukemia virus integration site-1 (Bmi-1) is a stem cell marker involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and has been found to be expressed in 70% of CM and 100% of benign nevi. Regarding the cell cycle, Bmi-1 is known to be an upstream repressor of p16, which is a tumor suppressor encoded by the INK4a/Arf locus. Considering this, the aim of this study is to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of Bmi-1 in a series of SNM and its correlation with the expression of cell cycle proteins (p16 and Ki-67, a nuclear antigen of proliferating cells).
Methods
In 16 cases of SNM, nuclear expression of Bmi-1 and nuclear and cytoplasmic of p16 was classified as: absent, low (> 5 to < 50% of cells) and high (≥50%). Ki-67 proliferation index was represented by the ratio positive cells/ total cells.
Results
Histologically, all cases presented varying amount of necrosis and 75% contained undifferentiated cells. Bmi-1 was detected in 6 cases (37.5%) with high level of expression in 2; p16 expression was seen in 10 cases (62.5%) with high level in 7. The frequency of p16 expression did not differ significantly between tumors with or without Bmi-1 expression. Ki-67 index ranged from 8 to 22%. Neither Bmi-1 nor p16 expression showed correlation with Ki-67 index. Bmi-1 negative tumors presented more extensive necrosis (71.4%); no association between Bmi-1 expression and undifferentiated phenotype was observed.
Conclusions
In our SNM series, low immunohistochemical expression of Bmi-1 was a common phenomenon favoring the hypothesis that mucosal melanoma possibly presents molecular pathways different from the cutaneous counterpart. In SNM, Bmi-1 and p16 expression levels did not correlate with each other or with the cell proliferative index.
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9
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Li W, Yu X, Xia Z, Yu X, Xie L, Ma X, Zhou H, Liu L, Wang J, Yang Y, Liu H. Repression of Noxa by Bmi1 contributes to deguelin-induced apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:6213-6227. [PMID: 30255595 PMCID: PMC6237602 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deguelin, a natural rotenoid isolated from several plants, has been reported to exert anti‐tumour effects in various cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of this regulation remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we found that deguelin inhibited the growth of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells both in vitro and in vivo by downregulation of Bmi1 expression. Our data showed that Bmi1 is highly expressed in human NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of Bmi1 significantly suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation and colony formation. Deguelin treatment attenuated the binding activity of Bmi1 to the Noxa promoter, thus resulting in Noxa transcription and apoptosis activation. Knockdown of Bmi1 promoted Noxa expression and enhanced deguelin‐induced apoptosis, whereas overexpression of Bmi1 down‐regulated Noxa protein level and deguelin‐induced apoptosis. Overall, our study demonstrated a novel apoptotic mechanism for deguelin to exert its anti‐tumour activity in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinfang Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Zhenkun Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyou Yu
- Shangdong Lvdu Bio-Industry Co., Ltd., Binzhou, Shangdong, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huiling Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yifeng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haidan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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10
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Koren A, Rijavec M, Sodja E, Kern I, Sadikov A, Kovac V, Korosec P, Cufer T. High BMI1 mRNA expression in peripheral whole blood is associated with favorable prognosis in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 8:25384-25394. [PMID: 28445986 PMCID: PMC5421938 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycomb group member protein BMI1 is involved in maintaining cell identity, proliferation, differentiation and human oncogenesis. In the present study, we determined BMI1 mRNA expression in whole blood and evaluated the impact of the expression level on the treatment response and survival of 96 advanced NSCLC patients treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. We also determined BMI1 mRNA expression in primary tumors from 22 operable NSCLC patients treated with radical surgery. We found that compared with control subjects, BMI1 mRNA expression in whole blood of advanced NSCLC patients was decreased (P<0.001). Similarly, we observed decreased BMI1 mRNA expression in primary tumors compared to normal lungs from operable NSCLC patients (P=0.001). We found high BMI1 mRNA expression in blood was associated with longer progression-free survival (PFS) (P=0.049) and overall survival (OS) (P=0.012) in advanced NSCLC patients treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. However, no association between the BMI1 mRNA level and response to chemotherapy was found (P=0.21). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed elevated BMI1 mRNA level in whole blood was an independent prognostic factor for longer PFS (P=0.012) and OS (P<0.001). In conclusion, BMI1 mRNA expression in whole blood might represent a new biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Koren
- University Clinic Golnik, Golnik, Slovenia
| | | | - Eva Sodja
- University Clinic Golnik, Golnik, Slovenia
| | | | - Aleksander Sadikov
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Computer and Information Science, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Viljem Kovac
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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11
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Rajabi H, Hiraki M, Kufe D. MUC1-C activates polycomb repressive complexes and downregulates tumor suppressor genes in human cancer cells. Oncogene 2018; 37:2079-2088. [PMID: 29379165 PMCID: PMC5908737 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0096-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The PRC2 and PRC1 complexes are aberrantly expressed in human cancers and have been linked to decreases in patient survival. MUC1-C is an oncoprotein that is also overexpressed in diverse human cancers and is associated with a poor prognosis. Recent studies have supported a previously unreported function for MUC1-C in activating PRC2 and PRC1 in cancer cells. In the regulation of PRC2, MUC1-C (i) drives transcription of the EZH2 gene, (ii) binds directly to EZH2, and (iii) enhances occupancy of EZH2 on target gene promoters with an increase in H3K27 trimethylation. Regarding PRC1, which is recruited to PRC2 sites in the hierarchical model, MUC1-C induces BMI1 transcription, forms a complex with BMI1, and promotes H2A ubiquitylation. MUC1-C thereby contributes to the integration of PRC2 and PRC1-mediated repression of tumor suppressor genes, such as CDH1, CDKN2A, PTEN and BRCA1. Like PRC2 and PRC1, MUC1-C is associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program, cancer stem cell (CSC) state, and acquisition of anticancer drug resistance. In concert with these observations, targeting MUC1-C downregulates EZH2 and BMI1, inhibits EMT and the CSC state, and reverses drug resistance. These findings emphasize the significance of MUC1-C as a therapeutic target for inhibiting aberrant PRC function and reprogramming the epigenome in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Rajabi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masayuki Hiraki
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Donald Kufe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Rodrigues MFSD, Xavier FCDA, Andrade NP, Lopes C, Miguita Luiz L, Sedassari BT, Ibarra AMC, López RVM, Kliemann Schmerling C, Moyses RA, Tajara da Silva EE, Nunes FD. Prognostic implications of CD44, NANOG, OCT4, and BMI1 expression in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2018; 40:1759-1773. [PMID: 29607565 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) contains a cell subpopulation referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are responsible for tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The CSC markers have been used to isolate these cells and as biomarkers to predict overall survival. METHODS The CSC markers CD44, NANOG, OCT4, and BMI1 were investigated using reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS The CD44 overexpression was associated with disease-related death (P = 0.02) and worst prognosis. NANOG was upregulated in nontumoral margins and associated with T1/T2 classification, lymph node metastasis, and worst prognosis. OCT4 was associated with lymph node metastasis and worst overall survival. BMI1 and CD44v3 were overexpressed in tongue SCC. Coexpression of CD44++ /NANOG++ was associated with worst overall survival when compared with patients with CD44-/+ /NANOG-/+ . CONCLUSION The CSC markers might play an important role not only in CSC trait acquisition but also in tongue SCC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Setúbal Destro Rodrigues
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Nathália Paiva Andrade
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Lopes
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucyene Miguita Luiz
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Tavares Sedassari
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Melissa Ccopa Ibarra
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Kliemann Schmerling
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Ajub Moyses
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio Daumas Nunes
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Yong KJ, Basseres DS, Welner RS, Zhang WC, Yang H, Yan B, Alberich-Jorda M, Zhang J, de Figueiredo-Pontes LL, Battelli C, Hetherington CJ, Ye M, Zhang H, Maroni G, O'Brien K, Magli MC, Borczuk AC, Varticovski L, Kocher O, Zhang P, Moon YC, Sydorenko N, Cao L, Davis TW, Thakkar BM, Soo RA, Iwama A, Lim B, Halmos B, Neuberg D, Tenen DG, Levantini E. Targeted BMI1 inhibition impairs tumor growth in lung adenocarcinomas with low CEBPα expression. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:350ra104. [PMID: 27488898 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad6066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer deaths. The expression of the transcription factor C/EBPα (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α) is frequently lost in non-small cell lung cancer, but the mechanisms by which C/EBPα suppresses tumor formation are not fully understood. In addition, no pharmacological therapy is available to specifically target C/EBPα expression. We discovered a subset of pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients in whom negative/low C/EBPα expression and positive expression of the oncogenic protein BMI1 (B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog) have prognostic value. We also generated a lung-specific mouse model of C/EBPα deletion that develops lung adenocarcinomas, which are prevented by Bmi1 haploinsufficiency. BMI1 activity is required for both tumor initiation and maintenance in the C/EBPα-null background, and pharmacological inhibition of BMI1 exhibits antitumor effects in both murine and human adenocarcinoma lines. Overall, we show that C/EBPα is a tumor suppressor in lung cancer and that BMI1 is required for the oncogenic process downstream of C/EBPα loss. Therefore, anti-BMI1 pharmacological inhibition may offer a therapeutic benefit for lung cancer patients with low expression of C/EBPα and high BMI1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kol Jia Yong
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Daniela S Basseres
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Robert S Welner
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Wen Cai Zhang
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Benedict Yan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Meritxell Alberich-Jorda
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prague 14200, Czech Republic
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lorena Lobo de Figueiredo-Pontes
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14020, Brazil
| | - Chiara Battelli
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christopher J Hetherington
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Min Ye
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Giorgia Maroni
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Karen O'Brien
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Maria Cristina Magli
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Alain C Borczuk
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell University Medical Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lyuba Varticovski
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Olivier Kocher
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Pu Zhang
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Young-Choon Moon
- PTC Therapeutics, 100 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA
| | - Nadiya Sydorenko
- PTC Therapeutics, 100 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA
| | - Liangxian Cao
- PTC Therapeutics, 100 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA
| | - Thomas W Davis
- PTC Therapeutics, 100 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA
| | - Bhavin M Thakkar
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Ross A Soo
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore. Department of Haematology-Oncology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Bing Lim
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Balazs Halmos
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Montefiore Hospital, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Daniel G Tenen
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Elena Levantini
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa 56124, Italy.
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14
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Kameda-Smith MM, Manoranjan B, Bakhshinyan D, Adile AA, Venugopal C, Singh SK. Brain tumor initiating cells: with great technology will come greater understanding. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl-2017-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the brain tumor initiating cells resulted in a paradigm shift within the cancer research community to consider brain tumors as an outcome of developmental mechanisms gone awry. This review will guide the reader through the technological advances that hold the powerful potential to allow brain cancer researchers to develop an intimate understanding of the dynamic and complex mechanism governing brain tumor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Kameda-Smith
- Stem Cell & Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), McMaster University, Michael DeGroote Center for Learning & Discovery, Room 5061, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Branavan Manoranjan
- Stem Cell & Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), McMaster University, Michael DeGroote Center for Learning & Discovery, Room 5061, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - David Bakhshinyan
- Stem Cell & Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), McMaster University, Michael DeGroote Center for Learning & Discovery, Room 5061, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Ashley A Adile
- Stem Cell & Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), McMaster University, Michael DeGroote Center for Learning & Discovery, Room 5061, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Stem Cell & Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), McMaster University, Michael DeGroote Center for Learning & Discovery, Room 5061, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Stem Cell & Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), McMaster University, Michael DeGroote Center for Learning & Discovery, Room 5061, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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15
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MiR-770 inhibits tumorigenesis and EMT by targeting JMJD6 and regulating WNT/β-catenin pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. Life Sci 2017; 188:163-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Wang D, Cao Q, Qu M, Xiao Z, Zhang M, Di S. MicroRNA-616 promotes the growth and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer by targeting SOX7. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2078-2086. [PMID: 28765960 PMCID: PMC5652963 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of important regulators in human types of cancer including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). miR-616 has been found to be a novel cancer-related miRNA. However, the expression and biological function of miR-616 in NSCLC have not been investigated. In this study, qRT-PCR was performed to evaluate the level of miR-616 in NSCLC tissues. MTT, BrdU and Transwell assay were used to investigate the proliferation and metastasis ability of NSCLC cells. Subcutaneous injection model and tail vein injection model were used to evaluate the effect of miR-616 on the in vivo growth and metastasis of NSCLC cells. It was also found that the expression level of miR-616 was increased in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Patients with a high level of miR-616 had a significantly shorter overall survival and disease-free survival. Functionally, miR-616 overexpression promoted while miR-616 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. Moreover, miR-616 overexpression enhanced the subcutaneous growth and lung metastasis of NSCLC cells in nude mice. Mechanistically, SOX7 was confirmed to be the downstream target of miR-616 in NSCLC cells. Forced expression of SOX7 prevented the promoting effects of miR-616 overexpression on the proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cells, while knockdown of SOX7 reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-616 knockdown on the proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cells. In conclusion, the present study indicates that miR-616 is a promising biomarker and therapeutic target in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Chinese and Western Combined Hospital of Taizhou, Wenling, Zhejiang 317523, P.R. China
| | - Qifeng Cao
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Chinese and Western Combined Hospital of Taizhou, Wenling, Zhejiang 317523, P.R. China
| | - Meijun Qu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Chinese and Western Combined Hospital of Taizhou, Wenling, Zhejiang 317523, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoqun Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Chinese and Western Combined Hospital of Taizhou, Wenling, Zhejiang 317523, P.R. China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Chinese and Western Combined Hospital of Taizhou, Wenling, Zhejiang 317523, P.R. China
| | - Songbo Di
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Chinese and Western Combined Hospital of Taizhou, Wenling, Zhejiang 317523, P.R. China
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17
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Zhang X, Tian T, Sun W, Liu C, Fang X. Bmi-1 overexpression as an efficient prognostic marker in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7346. [PMID: 28658153 PMCID: PMC5500075 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic effect of B-cell-specific Moloney leukemia virus insertion site 1 (Bmi-1) in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. We thus performed a meta-analysis to reveal the correlation between Bmi-1 with clinical features and overall survival (OS) in NSCLC. METHODS Relevant studies were searched through PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as well as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated by using STATA version 12.0. RESULTS Fourteen studies consisting of 1323 patients were included for quantitative analysis. The results showed that Bmi-1 was significantly associated with tumor size (n = 7, OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.19-2.71, P = .005, fixed effect), poor differentiation (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.11-2.33, P = .011, fixed effect), and distant metastasis (n = 4, OR = 4.69, 95% CI = 1.52-14.41, P = .007, fixed effect). In addition, high Bmi-1 expression also predicted poor OS (HR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.14-2.3, P < .001). There was no significant publication bias for any of the analyses. CONCLUSION In conclusion, Bmi-1 overexpression was correlated with tumor size, poor differentiation, distant metastasis, and worse OS in NSCLC. Therefore, Bmi-1 could be recommended as an efficient prognostic marker for NSCLC.
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18
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Wang MC, Jiao M, Wu T, Jing L, Cui J, Guo H, Tian T, Ruan ZP, Wei YC, Jiang LL, Sun HF, Huang LX, Nan KJ, Li CL. Polycomb complex protein BMI-1 promotes invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer stem cells by activating PI3K/AKT signaling, an ex vivo, in vitro, and in vivo study. Oncotarget 2017; 7:9586-99. [PMID: 26840020 PMCID: PMC4891062 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cell theory indicates cancer stem cells are the key to promote tumor invasion and metastasis. Studies showed that BMI-1 could promote self-renew, differentiation and tumor formation of CSCs and invasion/metastasis of human cancer. However, whether BMI-1 could regulate invasion and metastasis ability of CSCs is still unclear. In our study, we found that up-regulated expression of BMI-1 was associated with tumor invasion, metastasis and poor survival of pancreatic cancer patients. CD133+ cells were obtained by using magnetic cell sorting and identified of CSCs properties such as self-renew, multi-differentiation and tumor formation ability. Then, we found that BMI-1 expression was up-regulated in pancreatic cancer stem cells. Knockdown of BMI-1 expression attenuated invasion ability of pancreatic cancer stem cells in Transwell system and liver metastasis capacity in nude mice which were injected CSCs through the caudal vein. We are the first to reveal that BMI-1 could promote invasion and metastasis ability of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Finally, we identified that BMI-1 expression activating PI3K/AKT singing pathway by negative regulating PTEN was the main mechanism of promoting invasion and metastasis ability of pancreatic CSCs. In summary, our findings indicate that BMI-1 could be used as the therapeutic target to inhibiting CSCs-mediated pancreatic cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-ping Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Chang Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Feng Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan-Xuan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Jun Nan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Li Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
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Kim BR, Kwon Y, Rho SB. BMI-1 interacts with sMEK1 and inactivates sMEK1-induced apoptotic cell death. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:579-586. [PMID: 27878292 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (BMI-1) protein is activated in various types of tumors and associated with cancer development and tumor progression. However, the working role of BMI-1 in cellular signaling is not understood completely. In this study, we revealed one possible biologic mechanism of BMI-1 in cancer progression in vitro using a human ovarian tumor cell system. Suppressor of MEK1 (sMEK1), a pivotal regulator involved in the cellular biological response mechanism, was identified as a BMI-1-binding protein. Ectopic expression of BMI-1 activated cell growth by reducing sMEK1-stimulated apoptotic cell death and suppressing p21, p27 and p53 expression, while enhancing cyclin D1, CDK4 and Bcl-2 expression. The effect of BMI-1 on cell cycle and apoptotic regulatory proteins was also confirmed via silencing of BMI-1 expression. Subsequently, the promoter activities of p21 and p53 were inactivated significantly. However, BMI-1 overexpression noticeably increased Bcl-2 and NF-κB activities. In addition, BMI-1 activated the PI3K/mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling pathways, and sMEK1 significantly inhibited BMI-1-stimulated oncogenesis. These insights provide evidence that BMI-1 activates cell growth and suppresses apoptosis. Collectively, our data indicate that BMI-1 plays a pivotal role in the progression of ovarian cancer, thus representing a novel target for antitumor therapy of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boh-Ram Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Global Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bae Rho
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
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20
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Mu M, Song Y, Zhang B. Expression and survival significance of B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3715-3722. [PMID: 27900059 PMCID: PMC5104154 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main challenges in lung cancer research is identifying patients at high risk of progression and metastasis following surgical resection. In the present study, the prognostic significance of B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was evaluated. BMI1 and MMP9 expression in tumors from 132 surgical NSCLC patients [squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), n=79; and adenocarcinoma (AD), n=53] was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The clinical significance was determined using multivariate Cox regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test. High BMI1 expression was more frequent in SCC compared with that in AD (P=0.015). Comparisons between the expression of BMI1 and that of other known biological markers revealed that the expression of BMI1 was correlated with that of MMP9 (χ2=4.241, P=0.039) in SCC. Although an association was not identified between high BMI1 expression and overall survival (OS) in NSCLC or AD, high BMI1 expression was an unfavorable predictor of survival in SCC according to the survival curves (P=0.038). In addition, combined high BMI1 and MMP9 expression levels were significantly correlated with SCC nodal/distant metastasis (χ2=6.392, P=0.014). Multivariate Cox proportional model analysis demonstrated that this combined marker was an independent prognostic indicator of OS in SCC (P=0.025; hazard ratio = 12.963; 95% confidence interval: 1.142–7.637). Therefore, this study demonstrated that combined BMI1 and MMP9 expression may be used as a marker for the progression and metastasis of SCC. These results may aid in the elucidation of the potential mechanism underlying the involvement of BMI1 and MMP9 in tissue-specific SCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkui Mu
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yang Song
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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Abstract
Lung cancer remains a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with unfavourable prognosis mainly due to the late stage of disease at presentation. High incidence and disease recurrence rates are a fact despite advances in treatment. Ongoing experimental and clinical observations suggest that the malignant phenotype in lung cancer is sustained by lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) which are putative stem cells situated throughout the airways that have the potential of initiating lung cancer formation. These cells share the common characteristic of increased proliferation and differentiation, long life span and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. This review summarises the current knowledge on their characteristics and phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Hardavella
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, King's College, London, UK ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rachel George
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, King's College, London, UK ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tariq Sethi
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, King's College, London, UK ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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Yi C, Li BB, Zhou CX. Bmi-1 expression predicts prognosis in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma and correlates with epithelial-mesenchymal transition–related factors. Ann Diagn Pathol 2016; 22:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Podergajs N, Motaln H, Rajčević U, Verbovšek U, Koršič M, Obad N, Espedal H, Vittori M, Herold-Mende C, Miletic H, Bjerkvig R, Turnšek TL. Transmembrane protein CD9 is glioblastoma biomarker, relevant for maintenance of glioblastoma stem cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:593-609. [PMID: 26573230 PMCID: PMC4808020 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer stem cell model suggests that glioblastomas contain a subpopulation of stem-like tumor cells that reproduce themselves to sustain tumor growth. Targeting these cells thus represents a novel treatment strategy and therefore more specific markers that characterize glioblastoma stem cells need to be identified. In the present study, we performed transcriptomic analysis of glioblastoma tissues compared to normal brain tissues revealing sensible up-regulation of CD9 gene. CD9 encodes the transmembrane protein tetraspanin which is involved in tumor cell invasion, apoptosis and resistance to chemotherapy. Using the public REMBRANDT database for brain tumors, we confirmed the prognostic value of CD9, whereby a more than two fold up-regulation correlates with shorter patient survival. We validated CD9 gene and protein expression showing selective up-regulation in glioblastoma stem cells isolated from primary biopsies and in primary organotypic glioblastoma spheroids as well as in U87-MG and U373 glioblastoma cell lines. In contrast, no or low CD9 gene expression was observed in normal human astrocytes, normal brain tissue and neural stem cells. CD9 silencing in three CD133+ glioblastoma cell lines (NCH644, NCH421k and NCH660h) led to decreased cell proliferation, survival, invasion, and self-renewal ability, and altered expression of the stem-cell markers CD133, nestin and SOX2. Moreover, CD9-silenced glioblastoma stem cells showed altered activation patterns of the Akt, MapK and Stat3 signaling transducers. Orthotopic xenotransplantation of CD9-silenced glioblastoma stem cells into nude rats promoted prolonged survival. Therefore, CD9 should be further evaluated as a target for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neža Podergajs
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Helena Motaln
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Rajčević
- Department of Biochemistry, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urška Verbovšek
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjan Koršič
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Obad
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Heidi Espedal
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Miloš Vittori
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, 1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Tamara Lah Turnšek
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Mayr C, Wagner A, Loeffelberger M, Bruckner D, Jakab M, Berr F, Di Fazio P, Ocker M, Neureiter D, Pichler M, Kiesslich T. The BMI1 inhibitor PTC-209 is a potential compound to halt cellular growth in biliary tract cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:745-58. [PMID: 26623561 PMCID: PMC4808030 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BMI1 is a core component of the polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and is up-regulated in biliary tract cancer (BTC), contributing to aggressive clinical features. In this study we investigated the cytotoxic effects of PTC-209, a recently developed inhibitor of BMI1, in BTC cells. PTC-209 reduced overall viability in BTC cell lines in a dose-dependent fashion (0.04 - 20 µM). Treatment with PTC-209 led to slightly enhanced caspase activity and stop of cell proliferation. Cell cycle analysis revealed that PTC-209 caused cell cycle arrest at the G1/S checkpoint. A comprehensive investigation of expression changes of cell cycle-related genes showed that PTC-209 caused significant down-regulation of cell cycle-promoting genes as well as of genes that contribute to DNA synthesis initiation and DNA repair, respectively. This was accompanied by significantly elevated mRNA levels of cell cycle inhibitors. In addition, PTC-209 reduced sphere formation and, in a cell line-dependent manner, aldehyde dehydrogease-1 positive cells. We conclude that PTC-209 might be a promising drug for future in vitro and in vivo studies in BTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mayr
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine I, Salzburger Landeskliniken – SALK, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- 2 Laboratory for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapies, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andrej Wagner
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine I, Salzburger Landeskliniken – SALK, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Magdalena Loeffelberger
- 2 Laboratory for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapies, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniela Bruckner
- 3 Research Program for Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Salzburger Landeskliniken – SALK, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Jakab
- 4 Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Membrane Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Frieder Berr
- 2 Laboratory for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapies, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Pietro Di Fazio
- 5 Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Ocker
- 6 Institute for Surgical Research, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- 7 Present address: Experimental Medicine Oncology, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany
- 8 Present address: Department of Gastroenterology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- 9 Institute of Pathology, Salzburger Landeskliniken – SALK, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- 10 Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Kiesslich
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine I, Salzburger Landeskliniken – SALK, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- 2 Laboratory for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapies, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Zhang Y, Han L, Pang J, Wang Y, Feng F, Jiang Q. Expression of microRNA-452 via adenoviral vector inhibits non-small cell lung cancer cells proliferation and metastasis. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:8259-70. [PMID: 26718215 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The microRNA miR-452 has been shown to function as a tumor suppressor. However, the cellular mechanism and potential application of miR-452-mediated cancer suppression remain great unknown. This study aims to identify how miR-452 acts in regulating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) proliferation and metastasis. Expression of miR-452 via adenoviral (Ad) vector inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and migration of NSCLC cells A549 or H460. Our data also shows that miR-452 down-regulates the expression of Bmi-1 as well as pro-survival or anti-apoptosis regulators Survivin, cIAP-1, and cIAP-2. By such gene interference, miR-452 modulates NSCLC cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and further disrupts their migration and invasion. Moreover, miR-452 blocks the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway, which is also required for EMT process. These data reveal that miR-452 treatment could be a novel target or strategy for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The 463 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Shenyang, 110042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lu Han
- Unit II, Department of Medical Oncology, The General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Pang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The 463 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Shenyang, 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The 463 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Shenyang, 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command Area, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyu Jiang
- Center of Technical and Service, The 302nd Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
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BMI1, ALDH1A1, and CD133 Transcripts Connect Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition to Cancer Stem Cells in Lung Carcinoma. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:9714315. [PMID: 26770215 PMCID: PMC4685144 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9714315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the underlying mechanism of tumor invasion and metastasis. Evidences from lung cancer cellular models show EMT can trigger conversion to a cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype. In this study, we assessed mRNA expression levels of EMT-inducing transcription factors (BMI1, TWIST1), CSC (CD133, ALDH1A1), and epithelial (EpCAM) markers in primary tumor and whole blood samples obtained from 57 patients with operable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) of 13 patients with metastatic disease; then possible associations between marker expressions were evaluated. In primary tumors as well as in whole blood, correlations between BMI1 and ALDH1A1 and between BMI1 and CD133 mRNA expressions were identified. No correlations between TWIST1 and CSC markers were observed. BMI1 mRNA expression in tumors positively correlated with BMI1 mRNA expression in blood. The immunohistochemical analysis confirmed coexpression of BMI1 and CSC markers in tumors. Gene expression profiling in CTCs revealed upregulated expression of EMT/CSC markers in CTCs. Our results suggest CSCs are present in both, tumor tissue and blood of NSCLC patients, whereas Bmi1 may play an important role in initiation and maintenance of CSCs and might be involved in the blood-borne dissemination of NSCLC.
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27
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Expression Analysis of Genes Involved in the RB/E2F Pathway in Astrocytic Tumors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137259. [PMID: 26317630 PMCID: PMC4552853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytic gliomas, which are derived from glial cells, are considered the most common primary neoplasias of the central nervous system (CNS) and are histologically classified as low grade (I and II) or high grade (III and IV). Recent studies have shown that astrocytoma formation is the result of the deregulation of several pathways, including the RB/E2F pathway, which is commonly deregulated in various human cancers via genetic or epigenetic mechanisms. On the basis of the assumption that the study of the mechanisms controlling the INK4/ARF locus can help elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of astrocytic tumors, identify diagnostic and prognostic markers, and help select appropriate clinical treatments, the present study aimed to evaluate and compare methylation patterns using bisulfite sequencing PCR and evaluate the gene expression profile using real-time PCR in the genes CDKN2A, CDKN2B, CDC6, Bmi-1, CCND1, and RB1 in astrocytic tumors. Our results indicate that all the evaluated genes are not methylated independent of the tumor grade. However, the real-time PCR results indicate that these genes undergo progressive deregulation as a function of the tumor grade. In addition, the genes CDKN2A, CDKN2B, and RB1 were underexpressed, whereas CDC6, Bmi-1, and CCND1 were overexpressed; the increase in gene expression was significantly associated with decreased patient survival. Therefore, we propose that the evaluation of the expression levels of the genes involved in the RB/E2F pathway can be used in the monitoring of patients with astrocytomas in clinical practice and for the prognostic indication of disease progression.
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28
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Wang MC, Li CL, Cui J, Jiao M, Wu T, Jing LI, Nan KJ. BMI-1, a promising therapeutic target for human cancer. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:583-588. [PMID: 26622537 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BMI-1 oncogene is a member of the polycomb-group gene family and a transcriptional repressor. Overexpression of BMI-1 has been identified in various human cancer tissues and is known to be involved in cancer cell proliferation, cell invasion, distant metastasis, chemosensitivity and patient survival. Accumulating evidence has revealed that BMI-1 is also involved in the regulation of self-renewal, differentiation and tumor initiation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these biological processes remain unclear. The present review summarized the function of BMI-1 in different human cancer types and CSCs, and discussed the signaling pathways in which BMI-1 is potentially involved. In conclusion, BMI-1 may represent a promising target for the prevention and therapy of various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cong Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Li Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Min Jiao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - L I Jing
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Jun Nan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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29
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Wang T, Chen T, Niu H, Li C, Xu C, Li Y, Huang R, Zhao J, Wu S. MicroRNA-218 inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by targeting BMI1. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:93-102. [PMID: 25999024 PMCID: PMC4494586 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) play a pivotal role in esophageal carcinogenesis either as oncogenes or as tumor suppressor genes. In the present study, we found that the expression level of miR-218 was significantly reduced in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues and ESCC cell lines. Moreover, its expression was found to correlate with the clinicopathological stage of ESCC; miR-218 expression was lower in the stage III tissue samples than in the stage I and II tissue samples. Furthermore, the decreased expression of miR-218 was found to be associated with an enhanced ESCC cell proliferation and metastasis. Western blot analysis and luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-218 decreased BMI1 expression by binding to the putative binding sites in its 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR). The BMI1 mRNA expression levels were markedly increased and negatively correlated with the miR-218 expression level in the ESCC tissues. Functional analyses revealed that the restoration of miR-218 expression inhibited ESCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted apoptosis. The knockdown of BMI1 by siRNA showed the same phenocopy as the effect of miR-218 on ESCC cells, indicating that BMI1 was a major target of miR-218. In the present study, our findings confirm miR-218 as a tumor suppressor and identify BMI1 as a novel target of miR-218 in ESCC. Therefore, miR-218 may prove to be a useful biomarker for monitoring the initiation and development of ESCC, and may thus be an effective therapeutic target in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Tengfei Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Hua Niu
- Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Chun Xu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Shuyan Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
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Xiong D, Ye Y, Fu Y, Wang J, Kuang B, Wang H, Wang X, Zu L, Xiao G, Hao M, Wang J. Bmi-1 expression modulates non-small cell lung cancer progression. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:756-63. [PMID: 25880371 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1026472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that the role of B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (Bmi-1) is responsible for multiple cancer progression. However, Bmi-1 in controlling gene expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development is not well explored. Here we report that the Bmi-1 level is highly increased in primary NSCLC tissues compared to matched adjacent non-cancerous tissues and required for lung tumor growth in xenograft model. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that Bmi-1 level is lower in matched involved lymph node cancerous tissues than the respective primary NSCLC tissues. We find that Bmi-1 does not affect cell cycle and apoptosis in lung cancer cell lines as it does not affect the expression of p16/p19, Pten, AKT and P-AKT. Mechanistic analyses note that reduction of Bmi-1 expression inversely regulates invasion and metastasis of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo, followed by induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Using genome microarray assays, we find that RNAi-mediated silence of Bmi-1 modulates some important molecular genetics or signaling pathways, potentially associated with NSCLC development. Taken together, our findings disclose for the first time that Bmi-1 level accumulates strongly in early stage and then declines in late stage, which is potentially important for NSCLC cell invasion and metastasis during progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xiong
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation ; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine ; Shanghai , PR China
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31
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Langevin SM, Kratzke RA, Kelsey KT. Epigenetics of lung cancer. Transl Res 2015; 165:74-90. [PMID: 24686037 PMCID: PMC4162853 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. Epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNA expression, have been reported widely in the literature to play a major role in the genesis of lung cancer. The goal of this review is to summarize the common epigenetic changes associated with lung cancer to give some clarity to its etiology, and to provide an overview of the potential translational applications of these changes, including applications for early detection, diagnosis, prognostication, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Langevin
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Robert A Kratzke
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI.
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32
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Mayr C, Neureiter D, Wagner A, Pichler M, Kiesslich T. The role of polycomb repressive complexes in biliary tract cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 19:363-75. [PMID: 25424424 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.986460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycomb group proteins are major epigenetic regulators that modify histone tails. They are organized in two multi-protein complexes called polycomb repressive complex (PRC) 1 and 2. Aberrant PRC activity is known to contribute to the development and aggressiveness of many cancers. Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a rare malignancy associated with high chemoresistance and poor clinical outcome. Here we review the role of the PRC complexes and the effects of RNAi and drug-mediated inhibition of PRC1 and PRC2 in BTC. AREAS COVERED This review gives a short overview of the composition, biochemical functions and oncogenic role of PRC complexes. We then focus on and summarize the results of current studies that address the role of PRC in BTC. Finally, we discuss options and results of therapeutic targeting of PRC in BTC. EXPERT OPINION Pharmacological inhibition of the two PRC complexes seems to be a promising strategy for treatment of BTC. To date, only few studies have addressed the therapeutic effect of PRC inhibition in BTC. Therefore, it will be important to test established PRC inhibitors, such as DZNep, as well as newly developed drugs, for example, PTC209, to gain more insight into the role of the PRC complexes in BTC and potentially to develop new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mayr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University / Salzburger Landeskliniken and Laboratory for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapies, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg , Austria +43 662 4482 2795 ;
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Yoshikawa H, Maranon DG, Battaglia CLR, Ehrhart EJ, Charles JB, Bailey SM, LaRue SM. Predicting clinical outcome in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma: tumour initiating cells, telomeres and telomerase. Vet Comp Oncol 2014; 14:371-383. [PMID: 25212092 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has very poor prognosis. Here, a retrospective pilot study was conducted on 20 feline oral SCC patients who underwent stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT), to evaluate: (1) the value of putative tumour initiating cell (TIC) markers of human head and neck SCC (CD44, Bmi-1); (2) telomere length (TL) specifically in putative TICs; and (3) tumour relative telomerase activity (TA). Significant inverse correlations were found between treatment outcomes and Bmi-1 expression, supporting the predictive value of Bmi-1 as a negative prognostic indicator. While TL exhibited a wide range of variability, particularly in very short fractions, many tumours possessed high levels of TA, which correlated with high levels of Bmi-1, Ki67 and EGFR. Taken together, our results imply that Bmi-1 and telomerase may represent novel therapeutic targets in feline oral SCC, as their inhibition - in combination with SRT - would be expected to have beneficial treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yoshikawa
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - D G Maranon
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - C L R Battaglia
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - E J Ehrhart
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - J B Charles
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - S M Bailey
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - S M LaRue
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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BAE SEUNGHEE, KIM KARAM, CHA HWAJUN, CHOI YEONGMIN, SHIN SHANGHUN, AN INSOOK, LEE JAEHO, SONG JIEYOUNG, YANG KWANGHEE, NAM SEONYOUNG, AN SUNGKWAN. Altered microRNA expression profiles are involved in resistance to low-dose ionizing radiation in the absence of BMI1 in human dermal fibroblasts. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1618-28. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Allegra E, Trapasso S, Pisani D, Puzzo L. The Role of BMI1 as a Biomarker of Cancer Stem Cells in Head and Neck Cancer: A Review. Oncology 2014; 86:199-205. [DOI: 10.1159/000358598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Templeton AK, Miyamoto S, Babu A, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Cancer stem cells: progress and challenges in lung cancer. Stem Cell Investig 2014; 1:9. [PMID: 27358855 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2306-9759.2014.03.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The identification of a subpopulation of tumor cells with stem cell-like characteristics first in hematological malignancies and later in solid tumors has emerged into a novel field of cancer research. It has been proposed that this aberrant population of cells now called "cancer stem cells" (CSCs) drives tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance. CSCs have been shown to have the capacity of self-renewal and multipotency. Adopting strategies from the field of stem cell research has aided in identification, localization, and targeting of CSCs in many tumors. Despite the huge progress in other solid tumors such as brain, breast, and colon cancers no substantial advancements have been made in lung cancer. This is most likely due to the current rudimentary understanding of lung stem cell hierarchy and heterogeneous nature of lung disease. In this review, we will discuss the most recent findings related to identification of normal lung stem cells and CSCs, pathways involved in regulating the development of CSCs, and the importance of the stem cell niche in development and maintenance of CSCs. Additionally, we will examine the development and feasibility of novel CSC-targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at eradicating lung CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Templeton
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Shinya Miyamoto
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Anish Babu
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Organista-Nava J, Gómez-Gómez Y, Gariglio P. Embryonic stem cell-specific signature in cervical cancer. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:1727-38. [PMID: 24163107 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The wide range of invasive and noninvasive lesion phenotypes associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection in cervical cancer (CC) indicates that not only the virus but also specific cervical epithelial cells in the transformation zone (TZ), such as stem cells (SCs), play an important part in the development of cervical neoplasia. In this review, we focused in an expression signature that is specific to embryonic SCs and to poorly differentiated cervical malignant tumors and we hypothesize that this expression signature may play an important role to promote cell growth, survival, colony formation, lack of adhesion, as well as cell invasion and migration in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Organista-Nava
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, DF, México,
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Koren A, Motaln H, Cufer T. Lung cancer stem cells: a biological and clinical perspective. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2013; 36:265-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-013-0141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Coradini D, Oriana S. The role of maintenance proteins in the preservation of epithelial cell identity during mammary gland remodeling and breast cancer initiation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2013; 33:51-67. [PMID: 23845141 PMCID: PMC3935006 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.013.10040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During normal postnatal mammary gland development and adult remodeling related to the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and lactation, ovarian hormones and peptide growth factors contribute to the delineation of a definite epithelial cell identity. This identity is maintained during cell replication in a heritable but DNA-independent manner. The preservation of cell identity is fundamental, especially when cells must undergo changes in response to intrinsic and extrinsic signals. The maintenance proteins, which are required for cell identity preservation, act epigenetically by regulating gene expression through DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin remodeling. Among the maintenance proteins, the Trithorax (TrxG) and Polycomb (PcG) group proteins are the best characterized. In this review, we summarize the structures and activities of the TrxG and PcG complexes and describe their pivotal roles in nuclear estrogen receptor activity. In addition, we provide evidence that perturbations in these epigenetic regulators are involved in disrupting epithelial cell identity, mammary gland remodeling, and breast cancer initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Coradini
- Department of Clinical and Community Health Sciences, Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics, University of Milan 20133, Italy.
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40
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Liang W, Zhu D, Cui X, Su J, Liu H, Han J, Zhao F, Xie W. Knockdown BMI1 expression inhibits proliferation and invasion in human bladder cancer T24 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 382:283-91. [PMID: 23820733 PMCID: PMC3771375 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
B cell-specific moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI1) is a transcriptional repressor of polycomb repressive complex 1, which is involved in the proliferation, senescence, migration, and tumorigenesis of cancer. Experimental researchers have convincingly linked BMI1 to tumorigenesis. However, there is no study about the issue on the role of BMI1 in the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of bladder cancer. To address this question, we examined the expression of BMI1 in bladder cancer tissues and used siRNA to knockdown BMI1 expression in bladder cancer T24 cells. Then we tested the cell proliferation by CCK8 assay and soft agar colony formation assay, apoptosis by flow cytometry assay, and cell invasiveness by transwell migration assay. Our results revealed that BMI1 promoted proliferation, migration, invasion, and progression in bladder cancer. Over-expression of BMI1 was correlated with tumor clinic-pathological features. BMI1 siRNA effectively inhibited bladder cancer cell proliferation and migration in vitro, and it promoted bladder cancer invasion, maybe by causing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Our findings suggested that BMI1 may represent a novel diagnostic marker and a therapeutic target for bladder cancer, and deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Liang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yan-jiang West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dingjun Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yan-jiang West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuejiang Cui
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yan-jiang West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Su
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yan-jiang West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhan-jiang, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinli Han
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yan-jiang West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengjin Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yan-jiang West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenlian Xie
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yan-jiang West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120 People’s Republic of China
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Phosphorylation of Nanog is essential to regulate Bmi1 and promote tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2013; 33:2040-52. [PMID: 23708658 PMCID: PMC3912208 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that Nanog is intimately involved in tumorigenesis in part through regulation of the cancer initiating cell population. However, the regulation and role of Nanog in tumorigenesis are still poorly understood. In this study, human Nanog was identified to be phosphorylated by human PKCε at multiple residues including T200 and T280. Our work indicated that phosphorylation at T200 and T280 modulates Nanog function through several regulatory mechanisms. Results with phosphorylation-insensitive and phosphorylation-mimetic mutant Nanog revealed that phosphorylation at T200 and T280 enhance Nanog protein stability. Moreover, phosphorylation-insensitive T200A and T280A mutant Nanog had a dominant-negative function to inhibit endogenous Nanog transcriptional activity. Inactivation of Nanog was due to impaired homodimerization, DNA binding, promoter occupancy, and p300, a transcriptional co-activator, recruitment resulting in a defect in target gene promoter activation. Ectopic expression of phosphorylation-insensitive T200A or T280A mutant Nanog reduced cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion, migration, and the cancer initiating cell population in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. The in vivo cancer initiating ability was severely compromised in HNSCC cells expressing phosphorylation-insensitive T200A or T280A mutant Nanog; 87.5% (14/16), 12.5% (1/8), and 0% (0/8) for control, T200A, and T280A, respectively. Nanog occupied the Bmi1 promoter to directly transactivate and regulate Bmi1. Genetic ablation and rescue experiments demonstrated that Bmi1 is a critical downstream signaling node for the pleiotropic, pro-oncogenic effects of Nanog. Taken together, our study revealed, for the first time, that post-translational phosphorylation of Nanog is essential to regulate Bmi1 and promote tumorigenesis.
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Li L, Yu H, Wang X, Zeng J, Li D, Lu J, Wang C, Wang J, Wei J, Jiang M, Mo B. Expression of seven stem-cell-associated markers in human airway biopsy specimens obtained via fiberoptic bronchoscopy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2013; 32:28. [PMID: 23683495 PMCID: PMC3689624 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-32-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous reports have suggested that malignant transformations originate from adult stem cells, and may thus express the stem-cell-associated markers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differential expression and clinical significance of seven stem-cell-associated markers (Bmi1, CD133, CD44, Sox2, Nanog, OCT4 and Msi2) in lung cancer, providing new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Methods In this study, we evaluated the differential expression of mRNA levels seven stem-cell-associated markers by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from 112 human lung cancer and 18 non-cancer tissues obtained by bronchoscopy. We further verified the differential expression of these markers by immunohistochemistry in 50 lung cancer specimens, 30 benign inflammatory lesion tissues and 20 non-tumor adjacent lung tissues. Results With the exception of OCT4, other markers Bmi1, CD133, CD44, Sox2, Nanog and Msi2 mRNA and protein were abundantly expressed in lung cancer. Additionally, Nanog expression was highly upregulated in lung cancer tissues and rarely presented in non-cancerous lung tissues, the sensitivity and specificity of Nanog mRNA reached 63.4% and 66.7%, respectively. Nanog therefore possessed high diagnostic value, however, CD44, Bmi1 and CD133 showed poor diagnostic value in lung cancer. Conclusion Nanog may serve as a promising diagnostic marker of lung cancer and potential therapeutic target in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laodong Li
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Guilin Medical University Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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Wu CY, Hung JJ, Wu KJ. Linkage between Twist1 and Bmi1: molecular mechanism of cancer metastasis/stemness and clinical implications. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2012; 39:668-73. [PMID: 21883379 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05594.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related death despite significant improvements in multimodal cancer therapy. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a major mechanism of cancer metastasis, is a process that generates cells with stem cell-like properties (cancer stemness). Cancer stemness is a concept that describes a minor population of cells (cancer stem cells) residing within a tumour that are able to self-renew and are resistant to conventional therapy. The mechanisms delineating the generation of cancer stemness and its connection to cancer metastasis remain largely unknown. Twist1 is an EMT regulator and increased Twist1 expression, which has prognostic significance in various human cancers, has been widely reported. Bmi1 is a critical component of polycomb repressive complex (PRC) 1, which maintains self-renewal and stemness. Bmi1 is frequently overexpressed in different types of human cancers and can induce drug resistance (Table 2). Recent studies have shown that Twist1 directly activates Bmi1 expression and that these two molecules function together to mediate cancer stemness and EMT. These results present a unique mechanism of EMT-induced cancer metastasis and stemness. Further investigation of the mechanisms of EMT-mediated cancer metastasis and stemness will contribute to the management and treatment of metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yin Wu
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taipei, Taiwan
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44
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Ruan ZP, Xu R, Lv Y, Tian T, Wang WJ, Guo H, Nan KJ. Bmi1 knockdown inhibits hepatocarcinogenesis. Int J Oncol 2012; 42:261-8. [PMID: 23138990 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Bmi1 is well established as one of the most commonly activated oncogenes, the precise role of Bmi1 during hepatocarcinogenesis remains unclear. In addition, Bmi1 provides a potential therapeutic target for the future treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, the expression of Bmi1 in HCC tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. We found that Bmi1 was much more highly expressed in HCC tissue compared to normal liver tissue. The shRNA-mediated knockdown of Bmi1 was used to assess the effects of Bmi1 in hepatocarcinogenesis. Bmi1 downregulation reduced cell growth and tumorsphere formation in vitro. A cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry clarified that Bmi1 knockdown blocked the cell cycle transition from the G0/G1 to the S phase. Additionally, the Bmi1 knockdown led to reduced tumorigenicity in vivo. Furthermore, Bmi1 expression enhanced the sensitivity of HCC to the therapeutic agent, sorafenib. Taken together, the current results demonstrate that Bmi1 functions as a promoter in cell proliferation and hepatocarcinogenesis, providing a potential therapeutic target for the future treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ping Ruan
- Department of Oncology, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Di Paola D, Rampakakis E, Chan MK, Zannis-Hadjopoulos M. Differential chromatin structure encompassing replication origins in transformed and normal cells. Genes Cancer 2012; 3:152-76. [PMID: 23050047 DOI: 10.1177/1947601912457026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the chromatin structure encompassing replication origins in transformed and normal cells. Analysis of the global levels of histone H3 acetylated at K9&14 (open chromatin) and histone H3 trimethylated at K9 (closed chromatin) revealed a higher ratio of open to closed chromatin in the transformed cells. Also, the trithorax and polycomb group proteins, Brg-1 and Bmi-1, respectively, were overexpressed and more abundantly bound to chromatin in the transformed cells. Quantitative comparative analyses of episomal and in situ chromosomal replication origin activity as well as chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, using specific antibodies targeting members of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC) as well as open/closed chromatin markers encompassing both episomal and chromosomal origins, revealed that episomal origins had similar levels of in vivo activity, nascent DNA abundance, pre-RC protein association, and elevated open chromatin structure at the origin in both cell types. In contrast, the chromosomal origins corresponding to 20mer1, 20mer2, and c-myc displayed a 2- to 3-fold higher activity and pre-RC protein abundance as well as higher ratios of open to closed chromatin and of Brg-1 to Bmi-1 in the transformed cells, whereas the origin associated with the housekeeping lamin B2 gene exhibited similar levels of activity, pre-RC protein abundance, and higher ratios of open to closed chromatin and of Brg-1 to Bmi-1 in both cell types. Nucleosomal positioning analysis, using an MNase-Southern blot assay, showed that all the origin regions examined were situated within regions of inconsistently positioned nucleosomes, with the nucleosomes being spaced farther apart from each other prior to the onset of S phase in both cell types. Overall, the results indicate that cellular transformation is associated with differential epigenetic regulation, whereby chromatin structure is more open, rendering replication origins more accessible to initiator proteins, thus allowing increased origin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenic Di Paola
- Goodman Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Allegra E, Puzzo L, Zuccalà V, Trapasso S, Vasquez E, Garozzo A, Caltabiano R. Nuclear BMI-1 expression in laryngeal carcinoma correlates with lymph node pathological status. World J Surg Oncol 2012; 10:206. [PMID: 23031716 PMCID: PMC3500717 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main cause of treatment failure and death in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is metastasis to the regional lymph nodes. The current clinical staging criteria fail to differentiate patients with occult metastasis from patients without metastasis. Identifying molecular markers of the disease might improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and development of laryngeal carcinoma and may help improve clinical staging and treatment. METHODS Sixty-four previously untreated patients who underwent surgical excision of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma with neck dissection were included in this study. The expression of B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI-1) was examined immunohistochemically on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary tissue specimens. RESULTS Nuclear expression of BMI-1 (nBMI-1) was detected in 32 of the 64 tumors (50%), cytoplasmic expression of BMI-1 (cBMI-1) was detected in 22 (34.4%), and 10 tumors (15.6%) showed no BMI-1 immunoreactivity. High nBMI-1 expression levels (≥ 10) were detected in 28 of the 32 (87.5%) nBMI-1-positive patients. Multivariate analysis including age at diagnosis, grade, tumor location, TNM status, and nBMI-1 expression showed that a high nBMI-1 expression level was an independent prognostic factor for lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION The expression of BMI-1 in patients with laryngeal carcinoma seems to correlate with lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Allegra
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lidia Puzzo
- Department of Pathology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Zuccalà
- Department of Pathology, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Serena Trapasso
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Enrico Vasquez
- Department of Pathology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo Garozzo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Co-expression of Bmi1 and EZH2 as an independent poor prognostic factor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2012; 208:462-9. [PMID: 22766604 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bmi1 polycomb ring finger oncogene (Bmi1) and the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) are members of polycomb repressive complex (PRC) 1 and PRC2, respectively. PRC1 represses tumor suppressor genes such as p16INK4a and p14ARF in a PRC2-dependent manner. There have been few studies on Bmi1 or EZH2 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We investigated Bmi1 and EZH2 expression in 164 cases of ESCCs using immunohistochemistry, and evaluated the correlation with clinicopathologic features and their prognostic significance. Bmi1 and EZH2 were more highly expressed in tumor than in adjacent normal tissue (p<0.001). High expression of Bmi1 or EZH2 alone was not correlated with any clinicopathologic parameter and did not influence the prognosis. However, the group with high expression of both Bmi1 and EZH2 showed the poorest prognosis in overall survival (p=0.027) and disease-free survival (p=0.007). Also, it was an independent prognostic factor in overall survival (p=0.047). High expression of both Bmi1 and EZH2, not each alone, is an independent poor prognostic factor in ESCCs, supporting the repression of tumor suppressor gene by Bmi1 in an EZH2-dependent manner. This result suggests that both Bmi1 and EZH2, not each alone, could be potent candidates of new target therapy in ESCCs.
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Allegra E, Caltabiano R, Amorosi A, Vasquez E, Garozzo A, Puzzo L. Expression of BMI1 and p16 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2012; 35:847-51. [PMID: 22730165 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical evolution of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is undetectable with the current staging criteria. To more completely understand the biology of laryngeal SCC, we assessed the expression of the proteins B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI1) and p16. METHODS We assessed immunohistochemically the expression of BMI1 and p16 in 25 laryngeal SCCs at different stages. RESULTS High BMI1 expression was detected in 11.7% of glottic tumors and in 50% of supraglottic tumors. No significant differences were observed in the patients' clinical data after they were stratified by the tumor expression of p16. The expression of nuclear BMI1 in the absence of p16 immunoreactivity correlated significantly with the pN status of the primary tumors. CONCLUSION Nuclear BMI1 expression in the absence of p16 expression seems to characterize a subset of patients with a high risk of developing lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Allegra
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy.
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49
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Siddique HR, Saleem M. Role of BMI1, a stem cell factor, in cancer recurrence and chemoresistance: preclinical and clinical evidences. Stem Cells 2012; 30:372-8. [PMID: 22252887 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that a variety of cancers arise from transformation of normal stem cells to cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are thought to sustain cancer progression, invasion, metastasis, and recurrence after therapy. Reports suggest that CSCs are highly resistant to conventional therapy. Emerging evidences show that the chemoresistance of CSCs are in part due to the activation of B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI1), a stem cell factor, and a polycomb group family member. BMI1 is reported to regulate the proliferation activity of normal, stem, and progenitor cells. BMI1 plays a role in cell cycle, cell immortalization, and senescence. Numerous studies demonstrate that BMI1, which is upregulated in a variety of cancers, has a positive correlation with clinical grade/stage and poor prognosis. Although evidences are in support of the role of BMI1 as a factor in chemoresistance displayed by CSCs, its mechanism of action is not fully understood. In this review, we provide summary of evidences (with mechanism of action established) suggesting the significance of BMI1 in chemoresistance and recurrence of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hifzur Rahman Siddique
- Department of Molecular Chemoprevention and Therapeutics, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
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Tong YQ, Liu B, Zheng HY, He YJ, Gu J, Li F, Li Y. Overexpression of BMI-1 is associated with poor prognosis in cervical cancer. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2012; 8:e55-62. [PMID: 22898137 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-7563.2012.01564.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM It has been reported that BMI-1, a gene transcription promoter overexpressed in various human cancers, is associated with poor survival. We investigated whether BMI-1 is a marker for cervical cancer by detecting the expression of BMI-1 in cervical cancer. METHODS An immunohistochemistry (IHC) streptavidin-peroxidase technique was used to identify BMI-1 protein expression in 302 cervical cancer specimens. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were employed to measure BMI-1 mRNA and protein level. The correlation between BMI-1 expression and clinicopathological factors was analyzed. RESULTS Both BMI-1 mRNA and protein expression were evident in cervical carcinoma tissues. An intense positive rate of 55.3% (167/302) was observed by IHC. High BMI-1 expression was correlated with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (P < 0.05), but there is insufficient evidence to confirm its value in tumor size, age, estrogen or progesterone receptor (P > 0.05). The BMI-1 protein level was positively correlated with the clinical stages of cervical carcinoma and a high BMI-1 expression was associated with poor prognosis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The high expression of BMI-1 in cervical cancer is related to tumor progression, lymph node metastasis and HPV infection, suggesting that cervical cancer with excessive BMI-1 expression possesses high metastases potential and that BMI-1 may be a promising biomarker for predicting metastasis in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qing Tong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei 430060, China
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