1
|
Athokpam VD, Goswami LM, Tandon V. Molecular characterization of Microphallus sp. (Digenea: Microphallidae) parasitic in freshwater crabs of Manipur, India. J Parasit Dis 2024; 48:570-580. [PMID: 39145353 PMCID: PMC11319564 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-024-01694-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Freshwater crabs (Potamiscus manipuriensis), commonly consumed as local delicacies by the native people in the state of Manipur, were found to harbour metacercariae of Microphallus sp. (Family Microphyllidae), which were morphologically different from metacercariae of Microphallus spp reported earlier from different regions. So, PCR-based molecular characterization of this metacercaria was done utilizing rDNA marker regions: larger subunit (LSU) or 28S (D1-D3 region) and inter-transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). Sequence and phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the taxon under study belonged to family Microphyllidae of genus Microphallus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Voleentina Devi Athokpam
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022 India
- Present Address: Department of Zoology, Ghanapriya Women’s College, Dhanamanjuri University, Central Jail Rd, Old Lambulane Rd, Imphal, Manipur 795001 India
| | - Lalit Mohan Goswami
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022 India
- Present Address: Nawgong College, Old A. T. Road, Nagaon, Assam 782001 India
| | - Veena Tandon
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022 India
- Present Address: NASI Honorary Scientist, Lucknow, 226006 India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gyöngy M, Sellyei B, Czeglédi I, Székely C, Cech G. Viability of Metagonimus romanicus (Ciurea, 1915) metacercariae after physico-chemical treatments. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2024; 36:e00236. [PMID: 39165546 PMCID: PMC11334647 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2024.e00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Digenean (Heterophyidae) trematodes include several zoonotic species such as the genus Metagonimus (Katsurada, 1912). Metagonimus romanicus (Ciurea, 1915) is a species widely distributed in Europe, whose metacercariae can be found on cyprinoids from the River Danube in Hungary. The aim of the study was to measure the viability of Metagonimus romanicus metacercariae by physical (freezing, heating, desiccation) and chemical (acetic acid and NaCl solutions) treatments. The methods were chosen as a model for procedures commonly used in traditional food preservation (such as freezing, salting, pickling and smoking) to measure the survival rate of metacercariae under different conditions. Most physical treatments (freezing of metacercariae at -20 °C, keeping them at 40 °C and 60 °C and desiccation) and chemical treatments (2.5%, 5%, 10% acetic acid solution and 5% and 10% NaCl solution) killed the metacercariae in a relatively short time (from 30 min to 6 days depending on the treatment) so their effects eliminated the risk of zoonotic infection. On the other hand, the metacercariae survived at room temperature and at 4 °C up to one month. Therefore, storing unprepared fish in domestic refrigerators cannot prevent infection with metacercariae in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Gyöngy
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- University of Debrecen, Juhász-Nagy Pál Doctoral School, Department of Hydrobiology, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Boglárka Sellyei
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Czeglédi
- HUN-REN Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Csaba Székely
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Cech
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Toledo R, Cociancic P, Fiallos E, Esteban JG, Muñoz-Antoli C. Immunology and pathology of echinostomes and other intestinal trematodes. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2024; 124:1-55. [PMID: 38754926 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal trematodes constitute a major group of helminths that parasitize humans and animals with relevant morbidity and mortality. Despite the importance of the intestinal trematodes in medical and veterinary sciences, immunology and pathology of these helminth infections have been neglected for years. Apart from the work focused on the members of the family Echnistomatidae, there are only very isolated and sporadic studies on the representatives of other families of digeneans, which makes a compilation of all these studies necessary. In the present review, the most salient literature on the immunology and pathology of intestinal trematodes in their definitive hosts in examined. Emphasis will be placed on members of the echinostomatidae family, since it is the group in which the most work has been carried out. However, we also review the information on selected species of the families Brachylaimidae, Diplostomidae, Gymnophallidae, and Heterophyidae. For most of these families, coverage is considered under the following headings: (i) Background; (ii) Pathology of the infection; (iii) Immunology of the infection; and (iv) Human infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Toledo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Paola Cociancic
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Emma Fiallos
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Guillermo Esteban
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carla Muñoz-Antoli
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Frias L, Manin BO, Guerrero-Sánchez S, Sipangkui S, Chua TH. Detection of echinostomatid trematode eggs at the forest-oil palm interface in Sabah, Malaysia. Parasitology 2024; 151:181-184. [PMID: 38167272 PMCID: PMC10941037 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023001257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we report the occurrence of echinostomatid eggs in feces of wildlife, domestic animals and humans frequenting the forest–oil palm plantation interface in the Kinabatangan (Sabah, Malaysia), and discuss potential implications for public health. Using microscopy, we detected echinostomatid eggs in six host species, including Asian palm civets (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus [13/18]), leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis [3/4]), long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis [1/10]), domestic dogs [3/5] and cats [1/1], and humans [7/9]. Molecular analysis revealed a close genetic proximity of civet echinostomatids to Artyfechinostomum malayanum, a zoonotic parasite of public health relevance. The intermediate hosts for A. malayanum have been reported in at least 3 districts in Sabah, suggesting that all the necessary elements required for the completion of the parasite's life cycle are present. Our findings point at the presence of zoonotic trematodes in an area with high human–wildlife interaction and highlight the potential public and animal health concern of zoonotic trematode infection in the context of Southeast Asia's rapidly changing ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Frias
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Benny Obrain Manin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Sergio Guerrero-Sánchez
- Centre for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Tock H. Chua
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chai JY, Jung BK. Epidemiology and Geographical Distribution of Human Trematode Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1454:443-505. [PMID: 39008273 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-60121-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Digenetic trematodes infecting humans are more than 109 species that belong to 49 genera all over the world. According to their habitat in the definitive hosts, they are classified as 6 blood flukes (Schistosoma japonicum. S. mekongi, S. malayensis, S. mansoni, S. intercalatum, and S. haematobium), 15 liver flukes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, O. felineus, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, D. hospes, Metorchis bilis, M. conjunctus, M. orientalis, Amphimerus sp., A. noverca, A. pseudofelineus, Pseudamphistomum truncatum, and P. aethiopicum), nine lung flukes (Paragonimus westermani, P. heterotremus, P. skrjabini, P. skrjabini miyazakii, P. kellicotti, P. mexicanus, P. africanus, P. uterobilateralis, and P. gondwanensis), 30 heterophyid intestinal flukes (Metagonimus yokogawai, M. takahashii, M. miyatai, M. suifunensis, M. katsuradai, M. pusillus, M. minutus, Heterophyes heterophyes, H. nocens, H. dispar, Haplorchis taichui, H. pumilio, H. yokogawai, H. vanissinus, Centrocestus formosanus, C. armatus, C. cuspidatus, C. kurokawai, Procerovum calderoni, P. varium, Pygidiopsis genata, P. summa, Stictodora fuscata, S. lari, Stellantchasmus falcatus, Heterophyopsis continua, Acanthotrema felis, Apophallus donicus, Ascocotyle longa, and Cryptocotyle lingua), 24 echinostome intestinal flukes (Echinostoma revolutum, E. cinetorchis, E. mekongi, E. paraensei, E. ilocanum, E. lindoense, E. macrorchis, E. angustitestis, E. aegyptica, Isthmiophora hortensis, I. melis, Echinochasmus japonicus, E. perfoliatus, E. lilliputanus, E. caninus, E. jiufoensis, E. fujianensis, Artyfechinostomum malayanum, A. sufrartyfex, A. oraoni, Acanthoparyphium tyosenense, Echinoparymphium recurvatum, Himasthla muehlensi, and Hypoderaeum conoideum), 23 miscellaneous intestinal flukes (Brachylaima cribbi, Caprimolgorchis molenkampi, Phaneropsolus bonnei, P. spinicirrus, Cotylurus japonicus, Fasciolopsis buski, Gastrodiscoides hominis, Fischoederius elongatus, Watsonius watsoni, Gymnophalloides seoi, Gynaecotyla squatarolae, Microphallus brevicaeca, Isoparorchis hypselobagri, Nanophyetus salmincola, N. schikobalowi, Neodiplostomum seoulense, Fibricola cratera, Plagiorchis muris, P. vespertilionis, P. harinasutai, P. javensis, P. philippinensis, and Prohemistomum vivax), one throat fluke (Clinostomum complanatum), and one pancreatic fluke (Eurytrema pancreaticum). The mode of transmission to humans includes contact with cercariae contaminated in water (schistosomes) or ingestion of raw or improperly cooked food, including fish (liver flukes, heterophyid flukes, echinostomes, and throat flukes), snails (echinostomes, brachylaimids, and gymnophallid flukes), amphibia, reptiles (neodiplostomes), aquatic vegetables (fasciolids and amphistomes), and insect larvae or adults (lecithodendriids, plagiorchiids, and pancreatic flukes). Praziquantel has been proven to be highly effective against almost all kinds of trematode infections except Fasciola spp. Epidemiological surveys and detection of human infections are required for a better understanding of the prevalence, intensity of infection, and geographical distribution of each trematode species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Yil Chai
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bong-Kwang Jung
- MediCheck Research Institute, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Toledo R, Conciancic P, Fiallos E, Esteban JG, Muñoz-Antoli C. Echinostomes and Other Intestinal Trematode Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1454:285-322. [PMID: 39008269 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-60121-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal trematodes are among the most common types of parasitic worms. About 76 species belonging to 14 families have been recorded infecting humans. Infection commonly occurs when humans eat raw or undercooked foods that contain the infective metacercariae. These parasites are diverse in regard to their morphology, geographical distribution and life cycle, which make it difficult to study the parasitic diseases that they cause. Many of these intestinal trematodes have been considered as endemic parasites in the past. However, the geographical limits and the population at risk are currently expanding and changing in relation to factors such as growing international markets, improved transportation systems, new eating habits in developed countries and demographic changes. These factors make it necessary to better understand intestinal trematode infections. This chapter describes the main features of human intestinal trematodes in relation to their biology, epidemiology, host-parasite relationships, pathogenicity, clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Toledo
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia, Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Paola Conciancic
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia, Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Emma Fiallos
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia, Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Guillermo Esteban
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia, Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carla Muñoz-Antoli
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia, Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Esteban JG, Muñoz-Antolí C, Toledo R, Ash LR. Diagnosis of Human Trematode Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1454:541-582. [PMID: 39008275 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-60121-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Digenetic trematodes form a major group of human parasites, affecting a large number of humans, especially in endemic foci. Over 100 species have been reported infecting humans, including blood, lung, liver and intestinal parasites. Traditionally, trematode infections have been diagnosed by parasitological methods based on the detection and the identification of eggs in different clinical samples. However, this is complicated due to the morphological similarity between eggs of different trematode species and other factors such as lack of sensitivity or ectopic locations of the parasites. Moreover, the problem is currently aggravated by migratory flows, international travel, international trade of foods and changes in alimentary habits. Although efforts have been made for the development of immunological and molecular techniques, the detection of eggs through parasitological techniques remains as the gold standard for the diagnosis of trematodiases. In the present chapter, we review the current status of knowledge on diagnostic techniques used when examining feces, urine, and sputum and also analyze the most relevant characteristics used to identify eggs with a quick key for the identification of eggs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Guillermo Esteban
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia, Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carla Muñoz-Antolí
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia, Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia, Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lawrence R Ash
- Infectious & Tropical Diseases, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mereta ST, Abaya SW, Tulu FD, Takele K, Ahmednur M, Melka GA, Nanyingi M, Vineer HR, Graham-Brown J, Caminade C, Mor SM. Effects of Land-Use and Environmental Factors on Snail Distribution and Trematode Infection in Ethiopia. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8030154. [PMID: 36977155 PMCID: PMC10053549 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8030154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Freshwater snails are intermediate hosts for several snail-borne diseases affecting humans and animals. Understanding the distribution of snail intermediate hosts and their infection status is very important to plan and implement effective disease prevention and control interventions. In this study, we determined the abundance, distribution, and trematode infection status of freshwater snails in two agro-ecological zones of Ethiopia. We sampled snails from 13 observation sites and examined them for trematode infections using a natural cercarial shedding method. A redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to examine the relationship between snail abundance and environmental variables. Overall, a total of 615 snails belonging to three species were identified. Lymnea natalensis and Bulinus globosus were the dominant snail species, representing 41% and 40% of the total collection, respectively. About one-third of the total snail population (33%) shed cercariae. The cercariae species recorded were Xiphidiocercaria, Brevifurcate apharyngeate distome (BAD), Echinostome, and Fasciola. Snail species were found in high abundance in aquatic habitats located in the agricultural landscape. Therefore, land-use planning and protection of aquatic habitats from uncontrolled human activities and pollution can be considered as important strategies to prevent and control the spread of snail-borne diseases in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seid Tiku Mereta
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +251-913-296-056
| | - Samson Wakuma Abaya
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 9086, Ethiopia
| | - Fikirte Demissie Tulu
- School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama P.O. Box 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Takele
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia
| | - Mahmud Ahmednur
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Alemu Melka
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia
| | - Mark Nanyingi
- Department of Public and Global Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197-00100, Kenya
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Hannah Rose Vineer
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - John Graham-Brown
- Liverpool Veterinary Parasitology Diagnostics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - Cyril Caminade
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Earth System Physics Department, Leonardo Building, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Siobhan M. Mor
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 5689, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Passere MD, da Graça RJ, Takemoto RM, de Oliveira AV. Identification and molecular characterization of digenean trematode parasites of Aylacostoma chloroticum (Gastropoda: Thiaridae) from a Neotropical Basin. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:3653-3661. [PMID: 36264507 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07692-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thiarids are pantropical gastropods distributed from South America to Australia and found in lentic and lotic freshwater environments. These gastropods act as intermediate hosts for several species of digeneans. There are difficulties in the correct identification of these digeneans in certain stages of the life cycle as the larvae have a reduced size and few morphological characteristics for diagnosis. Because of this, techniques based on molecular markers have become an extremely useful tool. Our objective was to molecularly characterize the digeneans found in gastropods from the Ivaí River, Paraná, Brazil, using the mitochondrial molecular marker cytochrome c oxidase (COI) and the 28S ribosomal marker. With the molecular marker COI, gastropods showed high genetic similarity with Aylacostoma chloroticum. For the parasites, four different taxa were characterized with both markers. The 28S ribosomal marker proved to be more effective for the identification of Ivaí River parasites, being possible to suggest the identification of two species among the four groups found. Considering that there are no records in the literature of studies involving parasites and gastropods as intermediate hosts in the Ivaí River, this study is the first regarding these relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Destro Passere
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Av. Colombo 5790, Bloco G90, Maringá, Paraná, CEP 87020-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Ricardo Massato Takemoto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Av. Colombo 5790, Bloco G90, Maringá, Paraná, CEP 87020-900, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Valéria de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Av. Colombo 5790, Bloco G90, Maringá, Paraná, CEP 87020-900, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Saikia D, Prasad YK, Dahal S, Ghatani S. Fasciolopsis buski Detected in Humans in Bihar and Pigs in Assam, India. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:1265-1268. [PMID: 35608841 PMCID: PMC9155878 DOI: 10.3201/eid2806.220171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The foodborne intestinal trematode Fasciolopsis buski causes the neglected zoonotic disease fasciolopsiasis. We detected F. buski infection in 14 pediatric patients in Sitamarhi, Bihar, and in pigs in Sivasagar, Assam, India. Proper diagnostic methods and surveillance are urgently needed to accurately estimate the true burden of this disease in India.
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
In the present paper, we review two of the most neglected intestinal food-borne trematodiases: echinostomiasis, caused by members of the family Echinostomatidae, and gastrodiscoidiasis produced by the amphistome Gastrodiscoides hominis. Both parasitic infections are important intestinal food-borne diseases. Humans become infected after ingestion of raw or insufficiently cooked molluscs, fish, crustaceans, amphibians or aquatic vegetables. Thus, eating habits are essential to determine the distribution of these parasitic diseases and, traditionally, they have been considered as minor diseases confined to low-income areas, mainly in Asia. However, this scenario is changing and the population at risk are currently expanding in relation to factors such as new eating habits in developed countries, growing international markets, improved transportation systems and demographic changes. These aspects determine the necessity of a better understanding of these parasitic diseases. Herein, we review the main features of human echinostomiasis and gastrodiscoidiasis in relation to their biology, epidemiology, immunology, clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
|
12
|
Shumenko PG, Tatonova YV. Assessing the population structure of trematode Metagonimus suifunensis using three mitochondrial markers. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:915-923. [PMID: 35133488 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work, for the first time, the genetic variability of the Metagonimus suifunensis population in the Russian southern Far East was estimated based on the full-length sequences of the nad1 gene of mitochondrial DNA. In addition, for a sample of the same size, the sequences of cox1 and cytb genes, previously used for population studies for M. suifunensis, were reanalysed. Three markers were combined to a common sequence, and the obtained data were studied. Despite the higher level of variability, nad1 and cox1 mtDNA genes did not reveal subdivisions within the population. The combined dataset made it possible to determine that the sample from the Odyr River was the centre of the species' range formation and clarified the continental migration route of the parasite from south to north. According to the data obtained, it was presumed that piscivorous birds participate in the life cycle of the parasite. The subdivision within population revealed that using all three mitochondrial markers is consistent with the features of differentiation within populations of related species, but the reasons for its formation remain unclear due to the insufficient amount of data and the use of different markers in studies of different species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Polina G Shumenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 100-letiya Street, 159, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Yulia V Tatonova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 100-letiya Street, 159, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia. .,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova Street, 8, Vladivostok, 690091, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stryiński R, Łopieńska-Biernat E, Carrera M. Proteomic Insights into the Biology of the Most Important Foodborne Parasites in Europe. Foods 2020; 9:E1403. [PMID: 33022912 PMCID: PMC7601233 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne parasitoses compared with bacterial and viral-caused diseases seem to be neglected, and their unrecognition is a serious issue. Parasitic diseases transmitted by food are currently becoming more common. Constantly changing eating habits, new culinary trends, and easier access to food make foodborne parasites' transmission effortless, and the increase in the diagnosis of foodborne parasitic diseases in noted worldwide. This work presents the applications of numerous proteomic methods into the studies on foodborne parasites and their possible use in targeted diagnostics. Potential directions for the future are also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stryiński
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Mónica Carrera
- Department of Food Technology, Marine Research Institute (IIM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 36-208 Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Santos CP, Borges JN. Current Knowledge of Small Flukes (Digenea: Heterophyidae) from South America. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2020; 58:373-386. [PMID: 32871631 PMCID: PMC7462800 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fish-borne heterophyid trematodes are known to have a zoonotic potential, since at least 30 species are able to infect humans worldwide, with a global infection of around 7 million people. In this paper, a ‘state-of-the-art’ review of the South American heterophyid species is provided, including classical and molecular taxonomy, parasite ecology, host-parasite interaction studies and a list of species and their hosts. There is still a lack of information on human infections in South America with undetected or unreported infections probably due to the information shortage and little attention by physicians to these small intestinal flukes. Molecular tools for specific diagnoses of South American heterophyid species are still to be defined. Additional new sequences of Pygidiopsis macrostomum, Ascocotyle pindoramensis and Ascocotyle longa from Brazil are also provided.
Collapse
|
15
|
Digenean Holostephanus (Trematoda: Digenea: Cyathocotylidae) metacercariae in common carp ( Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) muscle: zoonotic potential and sensitivity to physico-chemical treatments. J Helminthol 2020; 94:e117. [PMID: 31948494 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x1900110x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metacercariae of various species within the genus Holostephanus Szidat, 1936 (Trematoda: Digenea: Cyathocotylidae) occur in muscles of both farmed and wild fish, including common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758). The life cycle includes a snail as first intermediate host, fish as second intermediate host and birds or mammals as final hosts. We studied the zoonotic potential and the viability of Holostephanus metacercariae from common carp following exposure to various physical and chemical treatments. Muscle tissue samples of common carp specimens from a fish farm in the north-eastern part of Hungary were examined and metacercariae recovered. The zoonotic potential was evaluated experimentally by using small mammals as models (albino mice, n = 2; and Syrian hamsters, n = 4) infected per os with Holostephanus cysts. Parallelly, Metagonimus metacercariae were used as positive controls. We could not confirm the zoonotic potential of Holostephanus metacercariae as they did not survive in the mammalian intestine whereas Metagonimus metacercariae developed to the adult stage. We assessed the viability of metacercariae isolated from common carp specimens during exposure to different physical treatments (temperatures of -18°C, +20°C, +40°C and +60°C) and chemical agents (5% and 10% acetic acid and 10% sodium chloride (NaCl)). Metacercariae lost viability by freezing at -18°C (2 h), heating at 60°C (20 min), incubation in 5% and 10% acetic acid (5 min) and 10% NaCl (2 h). These methods served as models to investigate the effectiveness of food preparation techniques (such as cold and hot smoking, freezing, salting and pickling) on the survival of metacercariae.
Collapse
|
16
|
Chai JY, Jung BK. Foodborne intestinal flukes: A brief review of epidemiology and geographical distribution. Acta Trop 2020; 201:105210. [PMID: 31600520 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne intestinal flukes are highly diverse consisting of at least 74 species with a diverse global distribution. Taxonomically they include 28 species of heterophyids, 23 species of echinostomes, and 23 species of miscellaneous groups (amphistomes, brachylaimids, cyathocotylids, diplostomes, fasciolids, gymnophallids, isoparorchiids, lecithodendriid-like group, microphallids, nanophyetids, plagiorchiids, and strigeids). The important heterophyid species (15 species) include Metagonimus yokogawai, M. takahashii, M. miyatai, Heterophyes heterophyes, H. nocens, Haplorchis taichui, H. pumilio, H. yokogawai, Heterophyopsis continua, Centrocestus formosanus, Pygidiopsis genata, P. summa, Stellantchasmus falcatus, Stictodora fuscata, and S. lari. The echinostome species of public health significance (15 species) include Echinostoma revolutum, E. cinetorchis, E. lindoense, E. ilocanum, Isthmiophora hortensis, Echinochasmus japonicus, E. perfoliatus, E. liliputanus, E. fujianensis, E. caninus, Acanthoparyphium tyosenense, Artyfechinostomum malayanum, A. sufrartyfex, A. oraoni, and Hypoderaeum conoideum. Among the other zoonotic intestinal flukes, Gastrodiscoides hominis, Brachylaima cribbi, Neodiplostomum seoulense, Fasciolopsis buski, Gymnophalloides seoi, Caprimolgorchis molenkampi, Phaneropsolus bonnei, Microphallus brevicaeca, Nanophyetus salmincola, and N. schikhobalowi (10 species) have drawn considerable medical attention causing quite a fair number of human infection cases. The principal mode of human infections include ingestion of raw or improperly cooked fish (heterophyids and echinostomes), snails including oysters (echinostomes and G. seoi), amphibians and reptiles (N. seoulense), aquatic vegetables (amphistomes and F. buski), and insect larvae or adults (C. molenkampi and P. bonnei). Epidemiological characteristics such as the prevalence, geographical distribution, and clinical and public health significance are poorly known in many of these species. Praziquantel has been proved to be highly effective against most species of intestinal fluke infections. Surveys and detection of human infection cases are urgently required for better understanding of the global status and public health significance of each species.
Collapse
|
17
|
Mereta ST, Bedewi J, Yewhalaw D, Mandefro B, Abdie Y, Tegegne D, Birke W, Mulat WL, Kloos H. Environmental determinants of distribution of freshwater snails and trematode infection in the Omo Gibe River Basin, southwest Ethiopia. Infect Dis Poverty 2019; 8:93. [PMID: 31744539 PMCID: PMC6865041 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-019-0604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determination of infection rates of snail populations is one of the basic tools for epidemiological studies of snail borne diseases. In this study, we opted to determine the trematode infection of freshwater snails in the Omo-Gibe River Basin, southwest Ethiopia. METHODS We collected snail samples from 130 observation sites in lakes, wetlands, rivers, reservoirs and irrigation canals surveyed during the dry season (March to May) in 2016. The snail samples were examined for trematode infections by cercarial shedding immediately after collection. Habitat conditions, water quality, human water contact practices and other human activities were assessed at each survey site. A redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to examine the relationship between cercarial infection and environmental variables. The statistical significance of eigenvalues and cercariae-environment correlations generated by the RDA were tested using Monte Carlo permutations at 499 permutations. RESULTS A total of 3107 snails belonging to five species were collected. The most abundant species was Biomphalaria pfeifferi, representing 66% of the total collection. Overall, 109 (3.6%) of the snails were found infected with trematodes (cercariae). Biomphalaria pfeifferi was found to be the most highly infected, accounting 85% of all infected snails. A total of eight morphologically different types of cercariae were recorded, which included: Echinostoma cercariae, brevifurcate apharyngeate distome cercariae, amphistome cercariae, brevifurcate apharyngeate monostome cercariae, xiphidiocercariae, longifurcate pharyngeate distome cercariae, strigea cercariae and unidentified cercariae. Brevifurcate apharyngeate distome cercariae, and Echinostoma cercariae were the most abundant cercariae, accounting for 36 and 34% of all infection, respectively. The mean concentration of water conductivity and 5 days biological oxygen demand were higher in irrigation canals and lake sampling points. Human activities such as open field defecation, urination, livestock grazing, farming, and swimming were highly correlated with trematode infection. CONCLUSIONS The abundance, occurrence and infection rates of snail species were largely influenced by water physicochemical quality, sanitation and water contact behaviour of the inhabitants. Human activities, such as open field defecation and urination, livestock grazing, farming, and swimming were important predictors of the abundance of cercariae. Therefore, awareness creation should be implemented for proper containment of excreta (urine and faeces) and reducing human and animal contacts with surface waters to reduce snail-borne disease transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seid Tiku Mereta
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Jemal Bedewi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Delenasaw Yewhalaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences & Pathology, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Belayhun Mandefro
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Dilla University, P.O. Box 419, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Yihun Abdie
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Dechassa Tegegne
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Wondwosen Birke
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Worku Legesse Mulat
- Department of Environmental Health, Wello University, P.O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Helmut Kloos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Catalano S, Symeou A, Marsh KJ, Borlase A, Léger E, Fall CB, Sène M, Diouf ND, Ianniello D, Cringoli G, Rinaldi L, Bâ K, Webster JP. Mini-FLOTAC as an alternative, non-invasive diagnostic tool for Schistosoma mansoni and other trematode infections in wildlife reservoirs. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:439. [PMID: 31522684 PMCID: PMC6745783 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis and food-borne trematodiases are not only of major public health concern, but can also have profound implications for livestock production and wildlife conservation. The zoonotic, multi-host nature of many digenean trematodes is a significant challenge for disease control programmes in endemic areas. However, our understanding of the epidemiological role that animal reservoirs, particularly wild hosts, may play in the transmission of zoonotic trematodiases suffers a dearth of information, with few, if any, standardised, reliable diagnostic tests available. We combined qualitative and quantitative data derived from post-mortem examinations, coprological analyses using the Mini-FLOTAC technique, and molecular tools to assess parasite community composition and the validity of non-invasive methods to detect trematode infections in 89 wild Hubert's multimammate mice (Mastomys huberti) from northern Senegal. RESULTS Parasites isolated at post-mortem examination were identified as Plagiorchis sp., Anchitrema sp., Echinostoma caproni, Schistosoma mansoni, and a hybrid between Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis. The reports of E. caproni and Anchitrema sp. represent the first molecularly confirmed identifications for these trematodes in definitive hosts of sub-Saharan Africa. Comparison of prevalence estimates derived from parasitological analysis at post-mortem examination and Mini-FLOTAC analysis showed non-significant differences indicating comparable results between the two techniques (P = 1.00 for S. mansoni; P = 0.85 for E. caproni; P = 0.83 for Plagiorchis sp.). A Bayesian model, applied to estimate the sensitivities of the two tests for the diagnosis of Schistosoma infections, indicated similar median posterior probabilities of 83.1% for Mini-FLOTAC technique and 82.9% for post-mortem examination (95% Bayesian credible intervals of 64.0-94.6% and 63.7-94.7%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the Mini-FLOTAC could be applied as an alternative diagnostic technique for the detection of the zoonotic S. mansoni and other trematodes in rodent reservoirs. The implementation of non-invasive diagnostics in wildlife would offer numerous advantages over lethal sampling methodologies, with potential impact on control strategies of zoonotic helminthiases in endemic areas of sub-Saharan Africa and on fostering a framework of animal use reduction in scientific practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Catalano
- Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic Diseases, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, AL97TA UK
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W21PG UK
| | - Amelia Symeou
- Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic Diseases, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, AL97TA UK
| | - Kirsty J. Marsh
- Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic Diseases, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, AL97TA UK
| | - Anna Borlase
- Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic Diseases, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, AL97TA UK
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W21PG UK
| | - Elsa Léger
- Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic Diseases, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, AL97TA UK
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W21PG UK
| | - Cheikh B. Fall
- Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d’Odonto-Stomatologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mariama Sène
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences Agronomiques, de l’Aquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires, Université Gaston Berger, BP 234, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Nicolas D. Diouf
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences Agronomiques, de l’Aquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires, Université Gaston Berger, BP 234, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Davide Ianniello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cringoli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Khalilou Bâ
- Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Joanne P. Webster
- Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic Diseases, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, AL97TA UK
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W21PG UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Esteban JG, Muñoz-Antoli C, Toledo R, Ash LR. Diagnosis of Human Trematode Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1154:437-471. [PMID: 31297770 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-18616-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Digenetic trematodes form a major group of human parasites, affecting a large number of humans, especially in endemic foci. Over 100 species have been reported infecting humans, including blood, lung, liver, and intestinal parasites. Traditionally, trematode infections have been diagnosed by parasitological methods based on the detection and the identification of eggs in different clinical samples. However, this is complicated due to the morphological similarity between eggs of different trematode species and other factors such as lack of sensitivity or ectopic locations of the parasites. Moreover, the problem is currently aggravated by migratory flows, international travel, international trade of foods, and changes in alimentary habits. Although efforts have been made for the development of immunological and molecular techniques, the detection of eggs through parasitological techniques remains as the gold standard for the diagnosis of trematodiases. In this chapter, we review the current status of knowledge on diagnostic techniques used when examining feces, urine, and sputum and also analyze the most relevant characteristics used to identify eggs with a quick key for the identification of eggs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Guillermo Esteban
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carla Muñoz-Antoli
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lawrence R Ash
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Molecular characterization and identification of digenean larval stages in Aylacostoma chloroticum (Prosobranchia: Thiaridae) from a neotropical floodplain. J Helminthol 2019; 94:e73. [PMID: 31412968 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x19000725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Digeneans (Trematoda: Digenea) are endoparasites that present a complex life cycle, generally involving an intermediate invertebrate host and a vertebrate host. There is limited information about which species of molluscs may act as intermediate hosts in the upper Paraná River floodplain (UPRF), where Aylacostoma chloroticum can be considered a potential candidate. The study of digeneans in this region is important because some of these parasites are potentially zoonotic, and, therefore, are relevant to public health. However, the correct identification of these organisms during the larval stages is difficult because of the lack of morphologically diagnostic characteristics. The objective of this study was to identify and molecularly characterize the larval stages of digeneans found in A. chloroticum in the UPRF, using the mitochondrial marker of subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase and the 28S nuclear marker. The molluscs were examined in the laboratory and three morphotypes of cercariae were found. DNA was extracted from the specimens obtained and was then amplified and sequenced. The morphotypes exhibited high genetic similarities with Pseudosellacotyla, Paralecithodendrium and Philophthalmus, indicating that these organisms belong to these genera. This is the first record of larval stages of these genera in molluscs collected in the UPRF.
Collapse
|
21
|
Boueroy P, Duenngai K, Eamudomkarn C, Sripan P, Boonmars T, Pumhirunroj B, Artchayasawat A, Songsri J, Chomphumee K, Rattanasuwan P, Laummaunwai P, Khueangchiangkhwang S, Boonjaraspinyo S. Effect of Temperature on the Killing of Opisthorchis viverrini Eggs In Vitro. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2019; 57:49-53. [PMID: 30840800 PMCID: PMC6409225 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2019.57.1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Contaminated liver fluke egg in the environment has led to the high prevalence of human opisthorchiasis associated with cholangiocarcinoma in Southeast Asia. To find the effective lessening methods of Opisthorchis viverrini eggs in the contaminated environment, we investigated the temperature conditions for killing of these trematode eggs in vitro. Numerous O. viverrini eggs were obtained in the proximal part of uteri of adult worms from experimental hamsters. Mature eggs with miracidium were allocated by experimental groups (2 control: positive and negative and 4 treatment: 50, 60, 70, and 80°C) with 0.85% saline, and treated by the experimental plan. Eggs in each experimental groups were observed under the confocal microscope after stain with Propidium Iodide (PI) to evaluate the effect of temperatures. Eggs in 70 and 80°C groups were all killed after over 10 min heated. Majority of eggs in 60°C (10, 15, and 30 min heated), 70 and 80°C (5 min heated) groups were inactivated. However in 50°C group, below half of eggs were to be killed in all time lapse (10, 15 and 30 min). In order to prevent O. viverrini infection and cholangiocarcinoma, direct treatment of sewage by heating at 70 or 80°C at least 10 min is essential. Therefore, treatment of O. viverrini eggs at a high temperature is a potential method for controlling egg contamination in sewage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parichart Boueroy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Neglected, zoonosis, and vector-borne disease group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kunyarat Duenngai
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Science and Technology, Phetchabun Rajabhat University, Phetchabun 67000, Thailand
| | - Chatanun Eamudomkarn
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Panupan Sripan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Neglected, zoonosis, and vector-borne disease group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thidarut Boonmars
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Neglected, zoonosis, and vector-borne disease group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Benjamabhorn Pumhirunroj
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Neglected, zoonosis, and vector-borne disease group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Atchara Artchayasawat
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Neglected, zoonosis, and vector-borne disease group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Songsri
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Neglected, zoonosis, and vector-borne disease group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kanpicha Chomphumee
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Panaratana Rattanasuwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Porntip Laummaunwai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Neglected, zoonosis, and vector-borne disease group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sukhonthip Khueangchiangkhwang
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Neglected, zoonosis, and vector-borne disease group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sirintip Boonjaraspinyo
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Anucherngchai S, Chontananarth T, Tejangkura T, Chai JY. The study of Cytochrome B ( CYTB): species-specific detection and phylogenetic relationship of Echinostoma revolutum, (Froelich, 1802). J Parasit Dis 2019; 43:66-74. [PMID: 30956448 PMCID: PMC6423160 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-018-1057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Echinostoma revolutum is known as a significant intestinal trematode in various species of animals and humans. It presents complexities in terms of both the morphological and molecular biological data. This is the first study of the application of Cytochrome B gene (CYTB) as a target for studying the phylogeny and designing species-specific primer of E. revolutum. Adult trematodes were harvested from experimentally infected hamsters at 18 days of post-infection. Each worm was identified based on their morphological appearance. The novel CYTB primers were designed from other Echinostoma species to initially amplify CYTB region in E. revolutum. All sequence data of E. revolutum in five provinces of Central Thailand were used as the target for designing the species-specific primer for E. revolutum. The results revealed that CYTB gene can separate E. revolutum into two sister groups by geographical distribution, comprising the eastern and western area groups. Moreover, it also separates E. revolutum from other Echinostoma species, including two sibling species; E. caproni and E. paraensei. In addition, we developed the high performance species-specific primer of E. revolutum. It can detect DNA from a single egg, as well as cercaria, metacercaria and adult stages of this trematode with no cross-reactions to other trematodes and their hosts. Therefore, this research is a positive initial step for the future study of E. revolutum CYTB. The future studies based on this gene should be continued with all species in revolutum complex to overcome the problems of systemic classification that arise in this complex group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sothorn Anucherngchai
- Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thapana Chontananarth
- Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Animal, Plant and Parasitic Biotechnology, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanawan Tejangkura
- Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Animal, Plant and Parasitic Biotechnology, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jong-Yil Chai
- Korean Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Morphological characterization and molecular phylogeny of zoonotic trematodes in the freshwater snail Asolene platae. Parasitology 2019; 146:839-848. [PMID: 30724150 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182019000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the context of a broader program dealing with the symbiotic associations of apple snails, we sampled three species that coexist in Lake Regatas (Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina). The population of Asolene platae, (but not those of Pomacea canaliculata and Pomacea scalaris) showed trematode larvae (echinocercariae and xiphidiocercariae) in haemocoelic spaces and connective tissue of the digestive gland. The echinocercariae resembled those of the genus Echinochasmus, but lacked sensory hairs on their body and tail; whereas xiphidiocercariae were similar to the xiphidiocercariae armatae belonging to the Opisthoglyphe type. The phylogenetical positions of these trematodes were inferred by the 28S rRNA, ITS1 and mtCOXI gene sequences. The 28S rRNA gene linked the echinocercarial sequences with the polyphyletic genus Echinochasmus (Echinochasmidae), while the xiphidiocercarial sequences were linked with the genus Phaneropsolus (Phaneropsolidae). The molecular markers used were able to distinguish two cryptic molecular entities of the single echinocercarial morphotype. Although ITS1 and mtCOXI did not allow resolving phylogeny beyond the family level because of the scarce number of sequences in the molecular databases, both cercariae (echinocercariae and xiphidiocercariae) could be distinguished by the Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 amplicon size. This is the first correlative morphological and molecular study of zoonotic trematodes in Neotropical ampullariids.
Collapse
|
24
|
Chai JY, Jung BK. Epidemiology of Trematode Infections: An Update. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1154:359-409. [PMID: 31297768 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-18616-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Digenetic trematodes infecting humans are more than 91 species which belong to 46 genera all over the world. According to their habitat in definitive hosts, they are classified as blood flukes (Schistosoma japonicum. S. mekongi, S. mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. intercalatum), liver flukes (Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, O. felineus, Metorchis conjunctus, M. bilis, M. orientalis, Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, and D. hospes), lung flukes (Paragonimus westermani, P. heterotremus, P. skrjabini, P. miyazakii, P. kellicoti, P. mexicanus, P. africanus, and P. uterobilateralis), throat fluke (Clinostomum complanatum), pancreatic fluke (Eurytrema pancreaticum), and intestinal flukes (Metagonimus yokogawai, M. miyatai, M. takahashii, Heterophyes nocens, H. heterophyes, Haplorchis taichui, H. pumilio, H. yokogawai, Centrocestus formosanus, Echinostoma revolutum, E. ilocanum, Isthmiophora hortensis, Echinochasmus japonicus, E. lilliputanus, Artyfechinostomum malayanum, A. sufrartyfex, A. oraoni, Fasciolopsis buski, Gymnophalloides seoi, Neodiplostomum seoulense, Caprimolgorchis molenkampi, Phaneropsolus bonnei, and Plagiorchis muris). The mode of transmission to humans includes contact with cercariae contaminated in water (schistosomes) and ingestion of raw or improperly cooked fish (liver and throat flukes, heterophyids, and echinostomes), snails (echinostomes and gymnophallids), amphibia, reptiles (neodiplostomes), aquatic vegetables (amphistomes), or insect larvae or adults (plagiorchiids, lecithodendriids, and pancreatic fluke). Praziquantel has been proved to be highly effective against most species of trematode infections except fascioliasis. Epidemiological surveys and detection of human infections are required for better understanding of the geographical distribution and endemicity of each trematode species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Yil Chai
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bong-Kwang Jung
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Toledo R, Alvárez-Izquierdo M, Muñoz-Antoli C, Esteban JG. Intestinal Trematode Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1154:181-213. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-18616-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
26
|
Borges JN, Lopes KC, Santos CP. Viability of Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) metacercariae from mullets (Mugil liza) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil after exposure to freezing and heating in the temperature range from −35 °C to 180 °C. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
27
|
|
28
|
Chai JY, Jung BK. Fishborne zoonotic heterophyid infections: An update. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2017; 8-9:33-63. [PMID: 32095640 PMCID: PMC7034020 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fishborne heterophyid trematodes infecting humans are at least 29 species worldwide and belong to 13 genera. Its global burden is much more than 7 million infected people. They include Metagonimus (M. yokogawai, M. takahashii, M. miyatai, M. minutus, and M. katsuradai), Heterophyes (H. heterophyes, H. nocens, H. dispar, and H. aequalis), Haplorchis (H. taichui, H. pumilio, H. yokogawai, and H. vanissimus), Pygidiopsis (P. summa and P. genata), Heterophyopsis (H. continua), Stellantchasmus (S. falcatus), Centrocestus (C. formosanus, C. armatus, C. cuspidatus, and C. kurokawai), Stictodora (S. fuscata and S. lari), Procerovum (P. varium and P. calderoni), Acanthotrema (A. felis), Apophallus (A. donicus), Ascocotyle (A. longa), and Cryptocotyle (C. lingua). Human infections are scattered around the world but the major endemic areas are located in Southeast Asia. The source of human infection is ingestion of raw or improperly cooked fish. The pathogenicity, host-parasite relationships, and clinical manifestations in each species infection are poorly understood; these should be elucidated particularly in immunocompromised hosts. Problems exist in the differential diagnosis of these parasitic infections because of close morphological similarity of eggs in feces and unavailability of alternative methods such as serology. Molecular diagnostic techniques are promising but they are still at an infant stage. Praziquantel has been proved to be highly effective against most of the patients infected with heterophyid flukes. Epidemiological surveys and detection of human infections are required for better understanding of the geographical distribution and global burden of each heterophyid species. In this review, the most updated knowledge on the morphology, biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and pathology, immunology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment, and prevention and control of fishborne zoonotic heterophyid infections is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Yil Chai
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ledwoń A, Dolka B, Piasecki T, Dolka I, Szeleszczuk P. Invasion of Flukes of the Echinostomatidae Family in Racing Pigeon ( Columba livia var. domestica) Lofts. Avian Dis 2016; 60:523-7. [PMID: 27309299 DOI: 10.1637/11343-120715-caser] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Over 4 years, only two known cases of fluke invasions were diagnosed in racing pigeons ( Columba livia ) originating from different regions of Poland. In both cases, the invasion was characterized by a very high mortality (approximately 70%), and the source of the infestation was snails of the Lymnaeidae family eaten by pigeons. Fluke invasions in pigeons are extremely rare and to date have not been described in Poland. Therefore, the occurrence of the symptoms of hemorrhagic diarrhea and sudden deaths of either adult pigeons or nestlings were suspected to be associated with poisoning. Autopsy revealed an invasion of flukes causing hemorrhagic enteritis. Renal failure and spleen atrophy were also found in the birds. Using molecular biology techniques, infestation with the fluke Echinostoma revolutum was determined in the second case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ledwoń
- A Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Dolka
- A Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Piasecki
- B Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Bird and Exotic Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Izabella Dolka
- A Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Szeleszczuk
- A Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Achra A, Prakash P, Shankar R. Fasciolopsiasis: Endemic focus of a neglected parasitic disease in Bihar. Indian J Med Microbiol 2016; 33:364-8. [PMID: 26068336 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.158554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a newly discovered, previously unreported endemic focus of fasciolopsiasis in the Phulwaria village, under tehsil Sugauli, East Champaran, Bihar. MATERIALS AND METHODS A study was conducted at village Phulwaria, following diagnosis of fasciolopsiasis in three children from the village. A total of 120 individuals, including all the children and adults who gave history of recent passage of red fleshy masses in their stool, were included in the study. The cases of fasciolopsiasis were treated with Praziquantel 25 mg/kg, three doses a day. Risk factors for the transmission of the parasite in the village were also studied. RESULTS Questionnaire revealed majority of the population suffering from abdominal discomfort and passage of red fleshy masses in stool. These fleshy masses were identified as Fasciolopsis buski. One hundred and eighteen individuals were presumably considered as cases of the parasitic infection. After treatment with Praziquantel, all of them passed the parasite in their stool for the next 2-3 days. On investigating, it was observed that all the conditions required for effective continuation of the life cycle of the parasite were present in this village. CONCLUSION This study draws attention to a new endemic focus of fasciolopsiasis in Bihar, with a very high prevalence due to poverty, the lack of awareness about the parasite in villagers as well as ignorance among local medical practitioners. There is an urgent need for mass campaign around the region for its effective control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - P Prakash
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Taliercio MA, Darden TL, Connors VA, Roumillat WA, Buron ID. Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis, a New Intermediate Host for the Heterophyid Ascocotyle nana. COMP PARASITOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1654/1525-2647-83.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Taliercio
- Marine Resources Research Institute, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 217 Ft. Johnson Road, Charleston South Carolina 29412, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
| | - Tanya L. Darden
- Marine Resources Research Institute, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 217 Ft. Johnson Road, Charleston South Carolina 29412, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
| | - Vincent A. Connors
- Department of Biology, University of South Carolina Upstate, 800 University Way, Spartanburg, South Carolina 29303, U.S.A. (e-mail:
| | - William A. Roumillat
- Marine Resources Research Institute, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 217 Ft. Johnson Road, Charleston South Carolina 29412, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
| | - Isaure De Buron
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, 58 Coming Street, Charleston, South Carolina 29401, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Molecular characterization of Stictodora tridactyla (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) from Kuwait Bay using rDNA ITS and mtCO1. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:4259-66. [PMID: 26268569 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Stictodora tridactyla is an intestinal fluke in the family Heterophyidae that parasitizes shorebirds and mammals, including humans. Its metacercarial cyst stage was reported in the Arabian killifish, Aphanius dispar, at Kuwait Bay. In the present study, Cerithidea cingulata was found to serve as the first intermediate host of S. tridactyla. In order to establish the snail-fish link in the life cycle of S. tridactyla, complete sequences of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region 1 and 2 (rDNA ITS1 and ITS2) and partial sequence of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 were obtained for metacercarial cysts isolated from the fish A. dispar and rediae isolated from the snail C. cingulata. Sequence alignment demonstrated that these larval stages belong to the same heterophyid species, S. tridactyla. Phylogenetic analysis based on rDNA ITS1, ITS2, and mtCO1 confirmed the position of S. tridactyla within the Heterophyidae and found it to cluster with Haplorchis spp. The present study represents the first molecular study correlating the larval stages of S. tridactyla using rDNA ITS1, ITS2, and mtCO1 and examining the phylogenetic relationships of S. tridactyla with different heterophyid species.
Collapse
|
34
|
Nagataki M, Tantrawatpan C, Agatsuma T, Sugiura T, Duenngai K, Sithithaworn P, Andrews RH, Petney TN, Saijuntha W. Mitochondrial DNA sequences of 37 collar-spined echinostomes (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in Thailand and Lao PDR reveals presence of two species: Echinostoma revolutum and E. miyagawai. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015. [PMID: 26205690 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The "37 collar-spined" or "revolutum" group of echinostomes is recognized as a species complex. The identification of members of this complex by morphological taxonomic characters is difficult and confusing, and hence, molecular analyses are a useful alternative method for molecular systematic studies. The current study examined the genetic diversity of those 37 collar-spined echinostomes which are recognized morphologically as Echinostoma revolutum in Thailand and Lao PDR using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) and the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) sequences. On the basis of molecular investigations, at least two species of 37 collar-spined echinostomes exist in Southeast Asia, namely E. revolutum and Echinostoma miyagawai. The specimens examined in this study, coming from ducks in Thailand and Lao PDR, were compared to isolates from America, Europe and Australia for which DNA sequences are available in public databases. Haplotype analysis detected 6 and 26 haplotypes when comparing the CO1 sequences of E. revolutum and E. miyagawai, respectively, from different geographical isolates from Thailand and Lao PDR. The phylogenetic trees, ND1 haplotype network and genetic differentiation (ɸST) analyses showed that E. revolutum were genetically different on a continental scale, i.e. Eurasian and American lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Nagataki
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Oko, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan
| | - Chairat Tantrawatpan
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Takeshi Agatsuma
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Oko, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Sugiura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Oko, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan
| | - Kunyarat Duenngai
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Science and Technology, Phetchabun Rajabhat University, Phetchabun 67000, Thailand
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center (LFCRC), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ross H Andrews
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center (LFCRC), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, South Wharf Street, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom; Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen Univeristy, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Trevor N Petney
- Institute of Zoology 1: Ecology and Parasitology, University of Karlsruhe, Kornblumen Strasse 13, Karlsruhe, Germany; Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen Univeristy, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Weerachai Saijuntha
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute (WRBRI), Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Viability of Cryptocotyle lingua metacercariae from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) after exposure to freezing and heating in the temperature range from −80 °C to 100 °C. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
36
|
Woolford L, Franklin C, Whap T, Loban F, Lanyon JM. Pathological findings in wild harvested dugongs Dugong dugon of central Torres Strait, Australia. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2015; 113:89-102. [PMID: 25751852 DOI: 10.3354/dao02825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The dugong Dugong dugon is classified as Vulnerable to extinction but may be endangered in some regions. Cause of death in stranded dugongs has not been determined in a large proportion of animals examined, with investigations hindered by limited information on dugong health and diseases, and paucity of knowledge of common or endemic pathological findings. Here we describe pathological findings in harvested dugongs from the relatively pristine area of central Torres Strait, and we characterise lesions attributable to drowning. Other recorded lesions were mild and predominated by host reaction to the presence of trematodes within the gastrointestinal tracts, liver and pancreas. Ascarid worm burdens were low in comparison to dugongs from developed coastlines. Hepatocellular lipofuscin and ferritin pigmentation were commonly observed, more pronounced in livers of older animals and concurrent with periportal and bridging fibrosis. Lesions attributable to drowning included incomplete collapse of lungs, dorsal or diffuse pulmonary congestion, mild intra-alveolar haemorrhage and oedema, mild interstitial oedema and rupture of peripheral alveolar septae with acute myofibre fragmentation and degeneration. No accumulation of foam or aspiration of water or particulate matter was observed, suggesting that dugongs 'dry drown'. Morphometric features of normal spleen are also presented. Characterisation of common pathological findings and those attributable to drowning in this species will aid in the interpretation of post mortem findings for the significant number of dugongs found deceased along urbanised coastlines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Woolford
- School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, South Australia 5371, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hung NM, Dung DT, Lan Anh NT, Van PT, Thanh BN, Van Ha N, Van Hien H, Canh LX. Current status of fish-borne zoonotic trematode infections in Gia Vien district, Ninh Binh province, Vietnam. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:21. [PMID: 25586313 PMCID: PMC4299372 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0643-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ninh Binh province is known as an endemic area of fish-borne zoonotic trematode (FZT) transmission in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Gia Minh and Gia Thinh communes of Gia Vien district, Ninh Binh province to investigate the infections with different stages of FZT in various host species. METHODS Faecal samples from 1,857 humans were examined for trematode eggs using the Kato-Katz method, while faecal samples from 104 dogs, 100 cats, and 100 pigs were examined using the Formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT). A total of 483 specimens of freshwater fish, representing 9 species, were examined for metacercariae using the artificial digestion method. Three methods of cercarial detection (shedding, crushing and cutting) were applied for examination of 3,972 specimens of freshwater snails, representing 7 species. All relevant data e.g. location, sex, age group, animal species, and habitat were recorded for statistical analyses. RESULTS Helminth eggs were found in 65.5% of the human faecal samples, including 20.5% of faecal samples containing small trematode eggs. Infection with small trematodes differed among communes, age groups and sexes. Eggs of small trematodes were found in 32.7% of faecal samples from dogs, 49.0% from cats and 13.0% from pigs. The difference in prevalences and intensities were significant among species of animals but did not differ between the two communes. All fish species were infected with FZT, with an average prevalence of 56.1% and a mean intensity of 33.245 metacercariae per gram. Prevalence and intensity in fish differed significantly among cummunes and fish groups. Six species of zoonotic trematodes were identified. Metacercariae of the small liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis, was only found in Hemiculter leucisculus. A total of 9 specimens from two snail species, Melanoides tuberculata and Bithynia fuchsiana, were infected with trematodes and four cercarial types were detected in the study sites. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that Gia Minh and Gia Thinh communes are continuing to be hot-spot endemic areas of FZT and other helminths infections where the habit of eating raw fish by the local people is still present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Manh Hung
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Do Trung Dung
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology (NIMPE), 245 Luong The Vinh St., Thanh Xuan district, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Thi Lan Anh
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Veterinary Research (NIVR), 86 Truong Trinh St., Dong Da district, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Phan Thi Van
- Research Institute of Aquaculture No. 1 (RIA1), Dinh Bang, Tu Son, Bac Ninh, Vietnam.
| | - Bui Ngoc Thanh
- Research Institute of Aquaculture No. 1 (RIA1), Dinh Bang, Tu Son, Bac Ninh, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Van Ha
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Hoang Van Hien
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Le Xuan Canh
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Arimatsu Y, Kaewkes S, Laha T, Sripa B. Specific diagnosis of Opisthorchis viverrini using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) targeting parasite microsatellites. Acta Trop 2015; 141:368-71. [PMID: 25268466 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini and other food-borne trematode infections are major health problems in Thailand, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Vietnam and Cambodia. Differential diagnosis of O. viverrini based on the microscopic observation of parasite eggs is difficult in areas where Clonorchis sinensis and minute intestinal flukes coexist. Recently, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has been widely used for detection and identification of trematode for its simple method that is useful in low-resource or field settings. We have reported ITS1-LAMP assay to detect O. viverrini infection from human feces. The sensitivity and specificity of the test was 100% and 61.5%. The sensitivity of the test appeared to be higher than microscopic egg examination; however non-specific amplification from other parasites could not be ruled out. We therefore targeted microsatellites of O. viverrini that is a species specific sequence. By using hydroxyl naphthol blue (HNB)-LAMP, O. viverrini microsatellite 6 (OVMS6) could specifically amplify DNA from O. viverrini genome, but not other parasites such as C. sinensis, Opisthorchis felineus, Centrocestus caninus, Haplorchis taichui, Fasciola gigantica and Haplorchoodes sp. The detection limit of the test is 1 ng genomic DNA, which was 1000 times lower than the ITS1-LAMP, but targeting microstellites showed more specific detection of O. viverrini. In addition, the colorimetric LAMP assay was simple and effective; this makes it potentially applicable for point-of-care diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Arimatsu
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sasithorn Kaewkes
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thewarach Laha
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Banchob Sripa
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Reprint of "An overview of freshwater snails in Asia with main focus on Vietnam". Acta Trop 2015; 141:372-84. [PMID: 25446169 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater snails have received much attention for their role as intermediate hosts for trematodes causing disease in people and animals such as schistosomiasis and various food-borne trematodes. While effective medical treatment exists for some of these diseases there is need for preventive measures to reduce transmission, e.g. control of intermediate hosts because transmission patterns are often complicated due to presence of reservoir final hosts. In order to implement control measures against the intermediate host snails with minimal impact on the freshwater ecosystems and their biodiversity, a profound knowledge on transmission patterns of the trematodes is required and this is partly related to distribution, habitat preferences, and seasonal variation in density of the intermediate host species. Identification of snail species can be problematic on the basis of morphological and anatomical characters alone as some species show morphological plasticity and similarly morphological differentiation of cercariae found in snails may be difficult and this could lead to biased perceptions of intermediate host spectra and transmission patterns. In this paper, we give an overview of the snail families and their medical and veterinary importance in Asia but with main focus on Vietnam.
Collapse
|
40
|
Madsen H, Hung N. An overview of freshwater snails in Asia with main focus on Vietnam. Acta Trop 2014; 140:105-17. [PMID: 25149356 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater snails have received much attention for their role as intermediate hosts for trematodes causing disease in people and animals such as schistosomiasis and various food-borne trematodes. While effective medical treatment exists for some of these diseases there is need for preventive measures to reduce transmission, e.g. control of intermediate hosts because transmission patterns are often complicated due to presence of reservoir final hosts. In order to implement control measures against the intermediate host snails with minimal impact on the freshwater ecosystems and their biodiversity, a profound knowledge on transmission patterns of the trematodes is required and this is partly related to distribution, habitat preferences, and seasonal variation in density of the intermediate host species. Identification of snail species can be problematic on the basis of morphological and anatomical characters alone as some species show morphological plasticity and similarly morphological differentiation of cercariae found in snails may be difficult and this could lead to biased perceptions of intermediate host spectra and transmission patterns. In this paper, we give an overview of the snail families and their medical and veterinary importance in Asia but with main focus on Vietnam.
Collapse
|
41
|
Lelis RT, Braga FR, de Carvalho LM, de Paula AT, Araujo JM, Fausto MC, Junior AM, Rodrigues JVF, de Freitas Soares FE, Garcia JS, de Araújo JV. Effect of the fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia on Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). Acta Trop 2014; 139:88-92. [PMID: 25046695 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Echinostoma paraensei is a trematode of the genus Echinostoma that causes echinostomiasis in humans. The objectives of this study were to: evaluate the ovicidal activity of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC1 and VC4) on a solid medium 2% water-agar (2% WA) against E. paraensei eggs (assay A); evaluate ovicidal effect (destruction of eggs) of the isolate VC4 in supplemented culture media (assay B); and evaluate the ovicidal ability of the crude extract (VC4) on E. paraensei eggs (assay C). Eggs of E. paraensei (assay A) were placed in Petri dishes containing 2% WA with an isolate of the fungus P. chlamydosporia (VC1 and VC4) grown for 10 days, and without fungus as a control and evaluated regarding their destruction. In assay B, eggs of E. paraensei were placed in Petri dishes with different supplemented culture media and with VC4 isolate and the destruction of eggs was examined at the end of 25 days of interaction. In assay C, effects of the crude extract of P. chlamydosporia (VC4) on eggs were evaluated at the end of 7 days. In assay A, there was no difference (p>0.05) in ovicidal activity among the tested isolates (VC1 and VC4); however, the highest percentage for ovicidal activity (type 3 effect) was demonstrated by the isolate VC4. In assay B, the culture medium starch-agar showed the best results for the destruction of the eggs, with a percentage of 46.6% at the end of the assay. In assay C, the crude extract of VC4 was effective in the destruction of E. paraensei eggs, with a percentage reduction of 53%. The results of this study demonstrate that a rich culture medium with a greater availability of carbon and nitrogen may interfere directly in the predatory characteristics of ovicidal fungi.
Collapse
|
42
|
Biswal DK, Chatterjee A, Bhattacharya A, Tandon V. The mitochondrial genome of Paragonimus westermani (Kerbert, 1878), the Indian isolate of the lung fluke representative of the family Paragonimidae (Trematoda). PeerJ 2014; 2:e484. [PMID: 25165620 PMCID: PMC4137670 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among helminth parasites, Paragonimus (zoonotic lung fluke) gains considerable importance from veterinary and medical points of view because of its diversified effect on its host. Nearly fifty species of Paragonimus have been described across the globe. It is estimated that more than 20 million people are infected worldwide and the best known species is Paragonimus westermani, whose type locality is probably India and which infects millions of people in Asia causing disease symptoms that mimic tuberculosis. Human infections occur through eating raw crustaceans containing metacercarie or ingestion of uncooked meat of paratenic hosts such as pigs. Though the fluke is known to parasitize a wide range of mammalian hosts representing as many as eleven families, the status of its prevalence, host range, pathogenic manifestations and its possible survivors in nature from where the human beings contract the infection is not well documented in India. We took advantage of the whole genome sequence data for P. westermani, generated by Next Generation Sequencing, and its comparison with the existing data for the P. westermani for comparative mt DNA phylogenomic analyses. Specific primers were designed for the 12 protein coding genes with the aid of existing P. westermani mtDNA as the reference. The Ion torrent next generation sequencing platform was harnessed to completely sequence the mitochondrial genome, and applied innovative approaches to bioinformatically assemble and annotate it. A strategic PCR primer design utilizing the whole genome sequence data from P. westermani enabled us to design specific primers capable of amplifying all regions of the mitochondrial genome from P. westermani. Assembly of NGS data from libraries enriched in mtDNA sequence by PCR gave rise to a total of 11 contigs spanning the entire 14.7 kb mt DNA sequence of P. westermani available at NCBI. We conducted gap-filling by traditional Sanger sequencing to fill in the gaps. Annotation of non-protein coding genes successfully identified tRNA regions for the 24 tRNAs coded in mtDNA and 12 protein coding genes. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated protein coding genes placed P. westermani within the family Opisthorchida. The complete mtDNA sequence of P. westermani is 15,004 base pairs long; the lung fluke is the major etiological agent of paragonimiasis and the first Indian representative for the family Paragonimidae to be fully sequenced that provides important genetic markers for ecological, population and biogeographical studies and molecular diagnostic of digeneans that cause trematodiases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devendra K Biswal
- Bioinformatics Centre, North-Eastern Hill University , Shillong, Meghalaya , India
| | - Anupam Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University , Shillong, Meghalaya , India
| | - Alok Bhattacharya
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi , India
| | - Veena Tandon
- Bioinformatics Centre, North-Eastern Hill University , Shillong, Meghalaya , India ; Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University , Shillong, Meghalaya , India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lier T, Do DT, Johansen MV, Nguyen TH, Dalsgaard A, Asfeldt AM. High reinfection rate after preventive chemotherapy for fishborne zoonotic trematodes in Vietnam. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2958. [PMID: 24945411 PMCID: PMC4063704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The World Health Organization aims for complete morbidity control of fishborne zoonotic trematodes (FZT) in endemic areas by 2020. The main intervention tool for achieving this goal is regular use of preventive chemotherapy by offering praziquantel to those at risk in endemic areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of preventive chemotherapy to control FZT in an endemic area in Northern Vietnam. Methodology and principle findings We followed a cohort of 396 people who fulfilled the criteria for receiving preventive chemotherapy. Stool samples were examined by Kato-Katz technique for the presence of trematode eggs before, and two, 16, 29 and 60 weeks after preventive chemotherapy. The prevalence of trematode eggs in stool was 40.2% before, 2.3% two weeks after and increased to a cumulative prevalence of 29.8% sixty weeks after preventive chemotherapy. Conclusions The effectiveness of preventive chemotherapy as a main component in control of FZT is not well documented in most endemic areas. We found a high reinfection rate within the first year after preventive chemotherapy. Since these trematodes are zoonoses, preventive chemotherapy may not have sufficient impact alone on the transmission to have a lasting effect on the prevalence. Animal reservoirs and farm management practices must be targeted to achieve sustainable control of fishborne zoonotic trematode infections, hence control programs should consider a One Health approach. Fishborne zoonotic trematodes (FZT) are small parasitic flatworms (flukes) living either in the intrahepatic bile ducts or in the intestines of humans and many species of animals and birds. Transmission occurs by eating infected raw freshwater fish. FZT are especially common in Southeast and East Asia. WHO suggests using preventive chemotherapy in the control of these parasites by providing an effective drug, praziquantel, once a year to either all inhabitants in the endemic areas or selectively to those who are at special risk because they eat raw fish. Preventive chemotherapy has been used for some years in Northern Vietnam, but the effectiveness has not been thoroughly examined. We followed a group of 396 people who had eaten raw fish and examined the stool for the presence of trematode eggs before preventive chemotherapy and two, 16, 29 and 60 weeks after. The proportions of egg positive persons were 40.2% before, 2.3% two weeks after and increased to 29.8% sixty weeks after preventive chemotherapy. We found a high rate of reinfection. Contribution from animals to the transmission implies that preventive chemotherapy of humans alone will most likely be insufficient to control the FZT infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tore Lier
- Department for Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Dung Trung Do
- Department for Parasitology, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology (NIMPE), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Maria Vang Johansen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thi Hop Nguyen
- Department for Parasitology, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology (NIMPE), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anders Dalsgaard
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Mette Asfeldt
- Department for Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
The effect of glycosylation of antigens on the antibody responses against Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). Parasitology 2014; 141:1333-40. [PMID: 24828858 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182014000596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we analyse the effect of glycosylation in Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) antigens in antibody responses against the parasite in experimentally infected mice. It has been previously demonstrated that the mouse is a host of high compatibility with E. caproni and develops elevated responses of IgG, IgG1, IgG3 and IgM as a consequence of the infection, though the role of glycans in these responses remains unknown. To this purpose, the responses generated in mice against non-treated excretory/secretory antigens of E. caproni were compared with those observed after N-deglycosylation, O-deglycosylation and double deglycosylation of the antigens by indirect ELISA and western blot. Our results suggest that E. caproni-expressed glycans play a major role in the modulation of the immune responses. The results obtained indicate that IgG subclass responses generated in mice against E. caproni are essentially due to glycoproteins and may affect the Th1/Th2 biasing. The reactivity significantly decreased after any of the deglycosylation treatments and the N-glycans appears to be of greater importance than O-glycans. Interestingly, the IgM response increased after N-deglycosylation suggesting that carbohydrates may mask peptide antigens.
Collapse
|
45
|
Hepatobiliary Fascioliasis: An Uncommon Cause of Biliary Obstruction in the United States. ACG Case Rep J 2014; 1:124-5. [PMID: 26157848 PMCID: PMC4435299 DOI: 10.14309/crj.2014.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
46
|
Hanevik K, Alvsvåg JO, Sund KK. [A woman with long-lasting diarrhoea and fatigue]. TIDSSKRIFT FOR DEN NORSKE LEGEFORENING 2014; 134:189-92. [PMID: 24477155 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.13.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal trematodes are common parasites in man and many mammals. Infection is often asymptomatic and unrecognised. CASE PRESENTATION A woman in her twenties presented with loose stools of variable intensity over six months. Additionally, she had experienced considerable fatigue during this period. There was no weight loss and initial blood tests were normal. Further testing at the second visit included stool microscopy, and small trematode eggs consistent with H. heterophyes infection were found. A more thorough anamnesis revealed the onset of symptoms on the day she returned from a week's holiday, and the probable exposure occurred from eating sushi twice during this holiday. After one day of treatment with praziquantel 40 mg/kg administered in three doses, the patient recovered completely within two to four weeks. Her asymptomatic partner had consumed the same food and had the same eggs in his stool sample. He was successfully treated with the same treatment dose. INTERPRETATION A detailed travel history may provide important information relating to the diagnosis of diarrhoea and fatigue. Symptoms of H. heterophyes infection are variable. A single day's dose of 40 mg/kg of praziquantel was sufficient to eradicate infection in the two cases presented.
Collapse
|
47
|
Kraus TJ, Brant SV, Adema CM. Characterization of Trematode Cercariae fromPhysella acutain the Middle Rio Grande. COMP PARASITOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1654/4674.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
48
|
Diagnosis of Human Trematode Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 766:293-327. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0915-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
49
|
Toledo R, Muñoz-Antoli C, Esteban JG. Intestinal Trematode Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 766:201-40. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0915-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
50
|
Saijuntha W, Duenngai K, Tantrawatpan C. Zoonotic echinostome infections in free-grazing ducks in Thailand. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2013; 51:663-7. [PMID: 24516271 PMCID: PMC3916455 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Free-grazing ducks play a major role in the rural economy of Eastern Asia in the form of egg and meat production. In Thailand, the geographical location, tropical climate conditions and wetland areas of the country are suitable for their husbandry. These environmental factors also favor growth, multiplication, development, survival, and spread of duck parasites. In this study, a total of 90 free-grazing ducks from northern, central, and northeastern regions of Thailand were examined for intestinal helminth parasites, with special emphasis on zoonotic echinostomes. Of these, 51 (56.7%) were infected by one or more species of zoonotic echinostomes, Echinostoma revolutum, Echinoparyphium recurvatum, and Hypoderaeum conoideum. Echinostomes found were identified using morphological criteria when possible. ITS2 sequences were used to identify juvenile and incomplete worms. The prevalence of infection was relatively high in each region, namely, north, central, and northeast region was 63.2%, 54.5%, and 55.3%, respectively. The intensity of infection ranged up to 49 worms/infected duck. Free-grazing ducks clearly play an important role in the life cycle maintenance, spread, and transmission of these medically important echinostomes in Thailand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weerachai Saijuntha
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute (WRBRI), Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Kunyarat Duenngai
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Science and Technology, Phetchabun Rajabhat University, Phetchabun 67000, Thailand
| | - Chairat Tantrawatpan
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand. ; Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|