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Hassanein F, Fadel HH, Shehata AI, Hamdy NA, Masoud IM. In silico study to explore the mechanism of Toxoplasma-induced inflammation and target therapy based on sero and salivary Toxoplasma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13600. [PMID: 38866852 PMCID: PMC11169245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess salivary and seroprevalence of Toxoplasma immunoglobulins in risky populations and evaluate drug docking targeting TgERP. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Alexandria University hospitals' outpatient clinics. 192 participants were enrolled from September 2022 to November 2023. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM were determined in serum and saliva by ELISA. An in-Silico study examined TgERP's protein-protein interactions (PPIs) with pro-inflammatory cytokine receptors, anti-inflammatory cytokine, cell cycle progression regulatory proteins, a proliferation marker, and nuclear envelope integrity-related protein Lamin B1. Our findings revealed that anti-T. gondii IgG were detected in serum (66.1%) and saliva (54.7%), with 2.1% of both samples were positive for IgM. Salivary IgG had 75.59% sensitivity, 86.15% specificity, 91.40% PPV, 64.40% NPP, 79.17% accuracy and fair agreement with serum IgG. On the other hand, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy in detecting salivary IgM were 75.0%, 99.47%, 75.0%, 99.47%, and 98.96%. AUC 0.859 indicates good discriminatory power. Examined synthetic drugs and natural products can target specific amino acids residues of TgERP that lie at the same binding interface with LB1 and Ki67, subsequently, hindering their interaction. Hence, salivary samples can be a promising diagnostic approach. The studied drugs can counteract the pro-inflammatory action of TgERP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faika Hassanein
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Hewida H Fadel
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amany I Shehata
- Department of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Noha Alaa Hamdy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Inas M Masoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Nayeri T, Moosazadeh M, Dalimi Asl A, Ghaffarifar F, Sarvi S, Daryani A. Toxoplasma gondii infection and ABO blood groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2024; 118:234-246. [PMID: 38064578 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in ABO blood groups and assess the relationship between the prevalence of T. gondii and blood groups. A literature search was carried out for epidemiological studies that were published through December 2022. A random effects model was used to determine the OR and the pooled prevalence with a 95% CI. The estimated pooled prevalences of T. gondii infection in the A, B, AB and O blood groups were 38% (95% CI 27 to 48%), 38% (95% CI 29 to 47%), 36% (95% CI 26 to 45%) and 36% (95% CI 27 to 45%), respectively. Also, the pooled ORs of the relationship between the prevalence of T. gondii infection and the A, B, AB and O blood groups were 1.08 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.19), 1.10 (95% CI 0.95 to 1.28), 1.08 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.27) and 0.89 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.00), respectively. This meta-analysis did not show any relationship between the prevalence of T. gondii infection and ABO blood groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooran Nayeri
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 48168-95475, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Gastrointestitional Cancer Research Center, Non-communicable Disease Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 48168-95475, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Dalimi Asl
- Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-331, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
- Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-331, Iran
| | - Shahabeddin Sarvi
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 48168-95475, Iran
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 48168-95475, Iran
| | - Ahmad Daryani
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 48168-95475, Iran
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 48168-95475, Iran
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Foroutan M, Majidiani H, Hassanipour S, Badri M. Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in the Iranian blood donors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28013. [PMID: 38509978 PMCID: PMC10951657 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The present systematic review and meta-analysis was done to assess the rate of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) exposure among Iranian healthy blood donors. Methods We searched four English (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct) and two Persian databases (Magiran and SID) as well as Google Scholar as a specialized article search engine using specific keywords for relevant papers from the inception up to November 30, 2023. Results In total, 19 studies enrolling 8226 apparently healthy blood donors were examined regarding T. gondii-specific IgG and/or IgM antibodies, among which 2666 [32.9% (95% CI: 25.3%-41.6%)], 168 [1.4% (95% CI: 0.9%-2.1%)], and 83 [1.7% (95% CI: 1.3%-2.1%)] subjects were seropositive regarding IgG, IgM, and both IgG/IgM antibodies, respectively. Five risk factors were significantly associated with T. gondii seroprevalence, including gender (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.52-2.58; P < 0.001), contact with cat (OR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.70-3.41; P < 0.001), contact with soil (OR = 2.83; 95% CI: 1.07-7.45; P = 0.035), consuming raw/undercooked meat (OR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.03-3.70; P = 0.039), and raw/unwashed vegetables (OR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.25-2.31; P = 0.001). Conclusion A moderate rate of T. gondii exposure was found in the Iranian blood donors, with the association of several risk factors, including gender, contact with cat, contact with soil, consumption of unwashed vegetables and/or undercooked meat. Still, more studies are recommended regarding T. gondii exposure among blood donors in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Foroutan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Majidiani
- Healthy Aging Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Milad Badri
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Assoni LCP, Nakashima F, de Sousa VP, Paduan NJ, Andreasse IR, Anghinoni TH, de Faria Junior GM, Ricci Junior O, Castiglioni L, Brandão CC, de Mattos LC, Ayo CM. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in blood donors in a population from the northwestern region of São Paulo state, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2024; 118:102-109. [PMID: 37647457 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasitic infections worldwide with varying prevalence between human populations. These variations are mainly associated with human exposure to risk factors. In this article, the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and the risk factors associated with infection in 1729 blood donors from São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil were analysed. METHODS The serological tests for detecting immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-T. gondii were used. The risk factors associated with the infection were identified through the application of an epidemiological questionnaire. RESULTS The prevalence of T. gondii infection was 48.0%. The following factors were identified in the final model after multiple logistic regression analysis: drinking raw milk (p=0.003; odds ratio [OR] 1.364 [confidence interval {CI} 1.1 to 1.7]), residing in a rural area (p<0.0001; OR 2.764 [CI 1.7 to 4.6]) and receiving a blood transfusion (p=0.015; OR 1.856 [CI 1.1 to 3.0]). CONCLUSIONS The data obtained in this study showed that the blood donor population is exposed to risk factors related to infection by T. gondii. These data allow the establishment of control programs to contribute to public health in northwestern São Paulo state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Carolina Paraboli Assoni
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Nakashima
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Valquíria Pardo de Sousa
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Natália Juliana Paduan
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Isabela Rufino Andreasse
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Thelma Helena Anghinoni
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Magela de Faria Junior
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Octávio Ricci Junior
- Hemocentro de São José do Rio Preto, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FUNFARME), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Lilian Castiglioni
- Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Coletiva - Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Cinara Cássia Brandão
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos de Mattos
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Christiane Maria Ayo
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil
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Habib S, Hamza E, El-Gamal R, Nosser NA, Aboukamar WA, Abdelsalam S, Sobh A, Elegezy M, Elbayoumy M, Eldars W, Elmasry K, Elnagdy MH. Clinical and Immunological Impacts of Latent Toxoplasmosis on COVID-19 Patients. Cureus 2023; 15:e45989. [PMID: 37900421 PMCID: PMC10601516 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parasites are well-known immune-modulators. They inhibit some aspects of the immune system to ensure persistence inside the host for a long time; meanwhile, they stimulate other immune aspects to assure the survival of the host. Wide variations in the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among developed and developing countries were reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parasitic infections, including Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), were claimed to contribute to such variations. Methods To explore a possible relationship between latent toxoplasmosis and COVID-19 severity, our study included 44 blood samples from moderate/severe COVID-19 patients, who were admitted to Mansoura University Hospitals, Egypt, during the pandemic. Patients' sera were screened for Toxoplasma IgG antibodies using ELISA (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, USA), and the gene expression of important immune markers (iNOS, arginase-1, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β) was checked using real-time quantitative PCR. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from the patients' medical records. Results Toxoplasma IgG antibodies were detected in 33 (75%) of patients. None of the studied clinical or laboratory parameters showed any significant changes in relation to toxoplasmosis seroprevalence. Further classification of the patients according to COVID-19 severity and Toxoplasma seroprevalence did not reveal any changes related to toxoplasmosis as well. Conclusion Our study indicates that latent toxoplasmosis has no effect on the severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Habib
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
| | - Eman Hamza
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Horus University, New Damietta, EGY
| | - Randa El-Gamal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Horus University, New Damietta, EGY
- Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
| | - Nessma A Nosser
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
| | - Wafaa A Aboukamar
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
| | - Sherehan Abdelsalam
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
| | - Ali Sobh
- Department of Pediatrics, Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
| | - Mohamed Elegezy
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
| | - Mohamed Elbayoumy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Waleed Eldars
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, New Mansoura University, New Mansoura, EGY
| | - Khaled Elmasry
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, USA
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
| | - Marwa H Elnagdy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, New Mansoura University, New Mansoura, EGY
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Montazeri M, Moradi E, Moosazadeh M, Hosseini SH, Fakhar M. Relationship between Toxoplasma gondii infection and psychiatric disorders in Iran: A systematic review with meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284954. [PMID: 37552680 PMCID: PMC10409283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii, a ubiquitous parasitic protozoan, may be an important cause of neurological and psychiatric diseases. The present systematic review and meta-analysis, therefore, was conducted to investigate the scientific evidence regarding the potential association between T. gondii infection and psychiatric disorders in Iran. METHODS We systematically reviewed articles from world-wide databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Iranian national databases up to July 30th, 2021. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of included studies. The common odds ratio (OR) was estimated using inverse variance and a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the χ2-based Cochrane test (Q) and the I2 index. Also, sensitivity analyses and publication bias were calculated. Moreover, subgroup analysis was performed based on the type of disorder and quality score of different eligible studies. RESULTS 16 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Our meta-analyses found that the OR of the risk of anti- T. gondii IgG and IgM in psychiatric patients compared to the control group was 1.56 (95% CI; 1.23-1.99) and 1.76 (95% CI: 1.19-2.61), respectively. Subgroup analysis based on the type of disorder showed that the OR of the risk of anti- T. gondii IgG in Iranian schizophrenia patients and other psychiatric disorders compared to the control group were 1.50 (95% CI; 1.09-2.07) and 2.03 (95% CI: 1.14-3.60), respectively, which are statistically significant. Also, the OR of the risk of anti- T. gondii IgM in Iranian schizophrenia and depression patients compared to the control group was 1.54 (95% CI; 0.9-2.64) and 1.03 (95% CI: 0.2-5.24), respectively, which are not statistically significant. Additionally, subgroup analysis based on quality scores showed no significant influence on the results according to the moderate quality studies. However, this association was significant according to the high quality studies. The obtained results of Egger's test were 1.5 (95% CI; -0.62-3.73, P = 0.15) and 0.47 (95% CI; -0.82-1.76, P = 0.45), respectively, indicating publication bias. The significant results of the heterogeneity analysis confirmed a high level of heterogeneity in the IgG test (P = 0.000, I2 = 66.6%). However, no significant results from the test of heterogeneity were detected in the IgM test (P = 0.15, I2 = 27.5%). The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that the impact of each study on the meta-analysis was not significant on overall estimates. CONCLUSIONS Despite the limited number of studies, these outcomes supported a possible link between T. gondii infection and psychiatric disorders in Iran. However, more high-quality investigations are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbobeh Montazeri
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Elahe Moradi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamzeh Hosseini
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Iranian National Registry Center for Toxoplasmosis (INRCT), Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Liu YM, Zhang YY, Wang L, Wang HY, Li CH, Jiang YH, Sun WW. Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Raw Milk and Sera of Cows in China. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101079. [PMID: 36297135 PMCID: PMC9611966 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide food-borne protozoa that has harmful influences on animal and human health. Raw milk containing T. gondii has been considered as one of the possible infectious sources for humans. Although China is one of the world’s leading milk consumers, there is still no study to investigate the seroprevalence of T. gondii in raw cow milk in China; especially for cows in rural areas. Thus, we conducted this study to examine the specific anti-T. gondii IgG-antibody in the raw milk and sera of domestic cows in China. In total, 894 cows were randomly selected from rural areas in northeastern China. The positive rate of T. gondii in the milk and serum samples were 6.38% (57/894) and 7.16% (64/894), respectively. Moreover, a history of abortion (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.11–3.72, p = 0.022) was identified as the only risk factor for T. gondii infection in the studied cows. This study investigated the seroprevalence of T. gondii in the raw milk and sera of cows in China; it provided timely and useful data for public health and food safety, especially in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Yang-Yang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Intelligent Research Center of Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Hai-Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Chun-Hua Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Yu-Hang Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wu-Wen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence:
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Belkacemi M, Heddi B. Toxoplasmosis Immunity Status of Blood Donors in Sidi Bel Abbès, West Algeria. Cureus 2022; 14:e28826. [PMID: 36225427 PMCID: PMC9535615 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease. It is due to an obligate intracellular protozoan called Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). Felids are considered definitive hosts, and humans take part as intermediate hosts. At least one-third of the world’s population is seropositive to the parasite. In addition, to the known modes of transmission, the infection can be transmitted through blood transfusions. The aim of this study is to assess the immune status of blood donors about this disease and estimate the potential risk by blood components. Methodology A single cross-sectional study was conducted based on the search for T. gondii antibodies (IgG and IgM) in blood donors. This research was performed using a latex particle agglutination assay confirmed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results In all, 103 blood donors were involved in this study. The sex ratio of male/ female was 0.75. The recorded rate of exposure to toxoplasmosis in blood donors was 47.7% (95% CI: 35.1-54.3). Significant differences were observed between the prevalence and those of other African countries in West, East, and Central Africa, but not with those of Algerian pregnant women and neighboring North African countries. There was no association between T. gondii seropositivity and the following factors: sex, age, and blood group ABO or Rhesus. Antitoxoplasma IgG was detectable in all positive donors, while IgM was undetectable. All seropositive donors had an IgG titer ≥9 IU/ml. The potential risk of T. gondii transmission ranges from 1 per 100,000 to 17 per 100,000 blood donations. Conclusion The seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was comparable to those found in Algerian pregnant women and neighboring North African countries. However, the seroprevalence rate was lower than recorded in other African countries. There is even a risk of transmission of toxoplasmosis through blood transfusions. There is a need to enhance blood safety measures for pregnant, immunocompromised, and multi-transfused people. As the immune status of blood donors may vary by region, there is a need to extend the national studies to the entire country. This study provides the first data on the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection among Algerian blood donors and the risk of its transmission by transfusion of blood components.
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Maisarah A, Mohamad S, Husain M, Abdullah S, Noordin R. Association between infection with Toxoplasma gondii and psychiatric disorders. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2022; 69. [DOI: 10.14411/fp.2022.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Pawełczyk A, Bednarska M, Caraballo Cortés K, Glamkowska-Sady M, Kowalska J, Uszyńska-Kałuża B, Radkowski M, Welc-Falęciak R. Seronegative Infection with Toxoplasma gondii in Asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Infected Patients and in Blood Donors. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030638. [PMID: 35160090 PMCID: PMC8836849 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Toxoplasmosis is a common opportunistic infection in AIDS patients. The routine diagnostics is based on serologic testing and IgG avidity index, but it may have limited utility in immunodeficient patients; thus, it is recommendable to detect T. gondii DNA in subjects with advanced HIV disease. The results of the studies published so far focused on patients with clinical symptoms of toxoplasmosis. Our study encompassed a group of HIV-infected subjects on cART therapy, without immunological disturbances and clinical symptoms of T. gondii infection. Methods: The study was retrospective, and samples were collected between 2013 and 2016. We evaluate the prevalence of serological (IgM, IgG, and avidity IgG) and molecular (DNA) T. gondii infection markers in asymptomatic HIV-infected patients and the control group using serologic (ELISA) and quantitative (real-time PCR) molecular testing. Results: Of 152 HIV-infected in routine follow-up tested for T. gondii IgM and IgG, 6 (3.9%) and 50 (32.9%) were positive, respectively. Of 168 serum samples from blood donors, 1 (0.6%) and 49 (29.2%) were IgM+ and IgG+ positive, respectively. IgM seroprevalence in HIV-infected patients was significantly higher than in blood donors. T. gondii DNA (genotype II) was identified in 47 (30.9%) HIV-infected patients, with 13 (8.6%) IgM−IgG− samples. In blood donors, T. gondii DNA was present in 15 (8.9%) IgM−IgG−. Conclusions: In both groups, T. gondii DNA was detectable in seronegative subjects, implying the need to supplement the routine serological testing via the molecular method. It can help the accurate monitoring of the reactivation of infection in asymptomatic HIV-infected persons, and the quick introduction of specific therapy, in blood donors, would be of high importance for safe blood donations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Pawełczyk
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Pawińskiego 3C, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (K.C.C.); (M.G.-S.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Małgorzata Bednarska
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, ul. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.); (R.W.-F.)
| | - Kamila Caraballo Cortés
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Pawińskiego 3C, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (K.C.C.); (M.G.-S.); (M.R.)
| | - Marianna Glamkowska-Sady
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Pawińskiego 3C, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (K.C.C.); (M.G.-S.); (M.R.)
| | - Justyna Kowalska
- Department of Adults’ Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Wolska 37, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Beata Uszyńska-Kałuża
- Blood Center, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration, ul. Wołoska 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marek Radkowski
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Pawińskiego 3C, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (K.C.C.); (M.G.-S.); (M.R.)
| | - Renata Welc-Falęciak
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, ul. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.); (R.W.-F.)
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11
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Maleki B, Ahmadi N, Olfatifar M, Gorgipour M, Taghipour A, Abdoli A, Khorshidi A, Foroutan M, Mirzapour A. Toxoplasma oocysts in the soil of public places worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 115:471-481. [PMID: 33205208 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic and cosmopolitan infection. Although a few studies have evaluated the prevalence of Toxoplasma oocysts in the soil of public places, the present study was conducted to provide insights into environmental contamination levels and its potential transmission to humans on a global scale. A systematic search was conducted using bibliographic databases through 30 August 2020. A random effects model was utilized to estimate pooled prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analysis and meta-regressions were also performed on the geographical and environmental parameters. Finally, 22 articles, wherein 15 420 soil samples were examined, met the systematic review and meta-analysis requirements. The mean pooled prevalence of Toxoplasma oocysts was estimated at 16% (95% CI 10 to 26) in public places. The estimated prevalences in Europe, South America, Asia and North America were 23% (95% CI 4 to 65), 22% (95% CI 18 to 26), 15% (95% CI 0.06 to 33) and 8% (95% CI 0.00 to 97), respectively. An increasing trend was observed in the prevalence of Toxoplasma oocysts with increasing latitude (41-56°), decreasing longitude (0-40°) and increasing relative humidity (≥76%). Loop-mediated isothermal amplification and polymerase chain reaction methods revealed the highest and lowest prevalence rates, respectively, in the detection of Toxoplasma oocysts. Awareness of the health authorities and people about Toxoplasma prevalence in the soil of public places and its risk factors is of great importance to developing effective strategies to prevent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Maleki
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nayebali Ahmadi
- Proteomics Research Center, Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Olfatifar
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Gorgipour
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Taghipour
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Abdoli
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Ali Khorshidi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | | | - Aliyar Mirzapour
- Innovative Medical Research Center, Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
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12
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De Mattos LC, Ferreira AIC, de Oliveira KY, Nakashima F, Brandão CC. The Potential Contribution of ABO, Lewis and Secretor Histo-Blood Group Carbohydrates in Infection by Toxoplasma gondii. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:671958. [PMID: 34222043 PMCID: PMC8251793 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.671958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycosyltransferases encoded by genes from the human ABO, Lewis, and Secretor histo-blood group systems synthesize part of the carbohydrate antigens in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic tissues. The combined action of these glycosyltransferases strongly influences cell, tissue, mucosa, and exocrine secretion carbohydrate phenotypes, including those serving as habitat for mutualistic and pathogenic microorganisms. A set of reports investigated associations between Toxoplasma gondii infection and the ABO histo-blood group system, but the results are contradictory. As T. gondii uses the gastrointestinal tract as a route for infection, and in this organ, the expression of ABO, Lewis, and Secretor histo-blood group carbohydrates occurs, it is reasonable to suppose some biological relationship between them. This text reviewed association studies published in recent decades focusing on the potential contribution of the ABO, Lewis, and Secretor histo-blood group carbohydrates and infection by T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Carlos De Mattos
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine - FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Iara Costa Ferreira
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine - FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Karina Younan de Oliveira
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine - FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Nakashima
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine - FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Cinara Cássia Brandão
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine - FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil.,FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine - FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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13
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Lachkhem A, Lahmar I, Galal L, Babba O, Mezhoud H, Hassine M, Lachkhem A, Dardé ML, Mercier A, Babba H. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among healthy blood donors in two locations in Tunisia and associated risk factors. Parasite 2020; 27:51. [PMID: 32955429 PMCID: PMC7504876 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that can be transmitted to humans through a variety of routes including blood transfusion. This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection and associated risk factors in healthy blood donors in Tunisia. A total of 800 healthy blood donors from two blood centers in south and coastal Tunisia were analyzed for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA), respectively. Structured questionnaires were used to gather information on risk factors for T. gondii infection during collection. The overall seroprevalence was 44.4% of which 352 (44%) and 3 (0.4%) were positive for IgG and both IgG and IgM anti-T. gondii antibodies, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that T. gondii seropositivity was significantly associated with the birth place (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49–4.94) and the age of the donors (adjusted OR = 4.98; 95% CI: 1.50–16.58) which are independent risk factors. In addition, the variables of hand washing before eating (adjusted OR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.37–0.74) and living in an urban environment (adjusted OR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.13–0.71) are two protective factors. This study provided the first data on the seroprevalence and epidemiology of T. gondii infection in healthy blood donors in Tunisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Lachkhem
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire, Département de Biologie Clinique B, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ibtissem Lahmar
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire, Département de Biologie Clinique B, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Lokman Galal
- INSERM, Université Limoges, CHU Limoges, IRD, U1094 Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Institut d'Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, GEIST, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Oussama Babba
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire, Département de Biologie Clinique B, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia - Centre de Maternité et de Néonatologie de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Habib Mezhoud
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire, Département de Biologie Clinique B, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohssen Hassine
- Hématologie - Banque du Sang de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Lachkhem
- Centre de Transfusion Sanguine de Gafsa, 2100 Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Marie-Laure Dardé
- INSERM, Université Limoges, CHU Limoges, IRD, U1094 Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Institut d'Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, GEIST, 87000 Limoges, France - Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Center (BRC), Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire Dupuytren, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Aurélien Mercier
- INSERM, Université Limoges, CHU Limoges, IRD, U1094 Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Institut d'Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, GEIST, 87000 Limoges, France - Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Center (BRC), Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire Dupuytren, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Hamouda Babba
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire, Département de Biologie Clinique B, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia - Centre de Maternité et de Néonatologie de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
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14
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Xin S, Su R, Jiang N, Zhang L, Yang Y. Low Prevalence of Antibodies Against Toxoplasma gondii in Chinese Populations. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:302. [PMID: 32656100 PMCID: PMC7324674 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii has been found to infect almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans. In this study, a total of 3,275 human serum samples were collected from hospitals in five provinces of China. About 5.13% (168/3,275) (95% CI, 4.42–5.94) of the serum samples tested positive for T. gondii IgG antibody by a modified agglutination test (MAT) (cut-off: 1:20). Significant associations were detected between geographic location (OR = 1.763), age (OR = 3.072), infertility in women (OR = 2.4409) and T. gondii infection in humans (p < 0.05). To minimize infection, citizens need to be informed about the best practices for toxoplasmosis prevention, including eating well-cooked meat, drinking boiled water, washing vegetables and fruits, and being careful during contact with cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Xin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruijing Su
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Longxian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yurong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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15
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Raissi V, Bayat F, Taghipour A, Raiesi O, Ibrahim A, Getso M, Hoseiny Z, Alizadeh G, Shahraki MK, Etemadi S. Seroepidemiology and risk factors of toxoplasmosis among children age ranged from 1 to 14 years referred to medical diagnostic laboratories in Southeast Iran. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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16
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Hegazy MM, Hegazy MK, Azab MS, Nabih N. Validation of dried blood spots in monitoring toxoplasmosis. Pathog Glob Health 2020; 114:242-250. [PMID: 32419673 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2020.1765125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the growing importance of toxoplasmosis worldwide, simple methods of diagnosis are important for epidemiologic studies. Dried blood spot (DBS) is a useful tool that surpasses venipuncture. DBS-Toxoplasma testing via a finger-stick could also be used in setting where phlebotomies might not be feasible, such as worldwide prenatal and newborn screening for congenital toxoplasmosis. This study included 101 study subjects were occupationally at-risk to Toxoplasma gondii infection and 33 as controls. Serum was collected from both groups for the detection of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies by ELISA as a reference gold standard test. For the occupational at-risk group, capillary finger stick derived blood was blotted onto five sets of Whatman protein saver cards. Discs were stored as four sets; three sets at 4°C and eluted 1, 2 and 3 months of storage and one set at -20°C for 3 months then eluted. Additionally, one set was eluted immediately. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies were evaluated by ELISA from DBS eluted samples and compared to matched sera. DBS elutes from discs that were freshly prepared for anti-Toxoplasma IgG showed 100% sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy. Serologic testing using DBS showed very good diagnostic accuracy under all mentioned conditions of storage. Higher stability was obtained when the blood discs stored at 4°C for 1 month and up to 3 months at -20°C, with 98.18% sensitivity, 100% specificity and 99% diagnostic accuracy. DBS-Toxoplasma testing is characterized by simplicity in performance, cost-effectiveness and the ease of handling, to store and to transport, with high diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh M Hegazy
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University , Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mona K Hegazy
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University , Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Manar S Azab
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University , Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nairmen Nabih
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University , Mansoura, Egypt
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17
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Raissi V, Taghipour A, Navi Z, Etemadi S, Sohrabi Z, Sohrabi N, Getso M, Shamsaei S, Fasihi Karami M, Raiesi O. Seroprevalence of
Toxoplasma gondii
and
Toxocara
spp. infections among pregnant women with and without previous abortions in the west of Iran. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:382-388. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Raissi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Public HealthTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Taghipour
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Zahra Navi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Public HealthTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Soudabeh Etemadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of MedicineZahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran
| | - Zahra Sohrabi
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and MidwiferyIsfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Nasrin Sohrabi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of MedicineTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Muhammad Getso
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Public HealthTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health SciencesBayero University Kano Nigeria
| | - Sina Shamsaei
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of MedicineIran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Maryam Fasihi Karami
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of MedicineJondi Shapour University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | - Omid Raiesi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Public HealthTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Allied Medical SciencesIlam University of Medical Sciences Ilam Iran
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18
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Fenta DA. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Hawassa University comprehensive specialized and Yirgalem General Hospitals, in Southern Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:1056. [PMID: 31842783 PMCID: PMC6916095 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. It is acquired by consumption of raw or undercooked meat containing tissue cyst, food or water contaminated with oocyst and congenital infection through the placenta leading to serious congenital abnormalities in the fetus like miscarriage, stillbirth, intrauterine death and neurologic defects. Therefore; this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of toxoplasmosis infection and its possible risk factors associated with pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Hawassa and Yiregalem Hospitals, Southern Ethiopia. METHODS A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to May 2017. The study was done in antenatal care clinics of Hawassa and Yiregalem Hospitals in Southern, Ethiopia. Five hundred pregnant women were interviewed with a pretested structured questionnaire to collect risk factors and socio-demographic data. Blood samples were collected and serum was separated and tested for anti- Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. The risk factors were tested for significance using Bivariate and multivariate analysis. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The weighted prevalence of this study was 81.8% for the anti- Toxoplasma gondii antibody. Almost all participants (99.6%) had no information about the disease. A significant association was observed between seroprevalence and contact with domestic cats (OR = 1.206, 95% CI (1.627-2.206, P = 0.043), consumption of raw meat (OR = 0.848, 95% CI: 1.517-2.941, P = 0.019) and unpasteurized milk (OR = 0.871, 95% CI 1.531-2.221, P = 0.032). A significant association was not observed between seroprevalence and age, history of abortion, and blood transfusion. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study demonstrated a relatively higher prevalence of seropositivity than studies reported from other countries. Existence of domestic cats at home, consumption of undercooked meat and unpasteurized milk were identified as risk factors for T. gondii infection. Therefore, a health education program to increase the mother's knowledge about toxoplasmosis towards avoiding eating undercooked meat, contact with cats and consumption of unpasteurized milk during pregnancy is recommended. Furthermore, our results suggested that the implementation of newborn screening and follow-up testing can lead to reducing of toxoplasmosis associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demissie Assegu Fenta
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University, P.O. Box.1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
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19
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Ibrahim I, Tobar S, Fathi W, ElSayed H, Yassein A, Eissa A, Elsheshtawy E, Elboraei H, Shahda M, Elwasify M, Ibrahim A, Chen K, Wood J, Dickerson F, Yolken RH, El Chennawi F, Gur R, Gur R, El Bahaey W, Nimgaonkar V, Mansour H. Randomized controlled trial of adjunctive Valproate for cognitive remediation in early course schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 118:66-72. [PMID: 31494376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SZ) is associated with cognitive impairment that contributes to disability, but the cognitive dysfunction is relatively refractory to pharmacologic intervention. Though Valproate augmentation is reported to improve psychopathology among patients with SZ, its effects on cognitive functions have not been investigated systematically. METHODS Using a randomized double blind placebo controlled design, the effects of Valproate or placebo as adjuncts to risperidone (RISP) treatment were evaluated among patients with early course SZ (N = 109). Domains of cognitive function, estimated using the Arabic version of the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery, were the prime outcomes. Clinical severity and social function were secondary outcomes. We also explored the effects of valproate treatment on serological responses to Toxoplama Gondii (TOXO), a putative risk factor for cognitive dysfunction in SZ. RESULTS There were no significant differences between Valproate and placebo (PLA) treated groups with respect to changes in cognitive functions, positive or negative symptom scores or daily function scores at the beginning and end of the study. No significant Valproate/PLA differences were noted on TOXO serostatus or TOXO-related cognitive dysfunction. CONCLUSION Valproate treatment may not be beneficial for cognitive dysfunction in SZ or for TOXO infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtihal Ibrahim
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Salwa Tobar
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Warda Fathi
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hanan ElSayed
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amal Yassein
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Eissa
- Department of Psychiatry, Port-said University School of Medicine, Port-said, Egypt
| | - Eman Elsheshtawy
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hala Elboraei
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shahda
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elwasify
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ibrahim
- Clinical pathology department, Mansoura university student Hospital, Egypt
| | - Kehui Chen
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joel Wood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Robert H Yolken
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, USA
| | - Farha El Chennawi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Raquel Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wafaa El Bahaey
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Vishwajit Nimgaonkar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. nimga+@pitt.edu
| | - Hader Mansour
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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20
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Abstract
The present paper summarizes prevalence, epidemiology and clinical disease of natural Toxoplasma gondii infections in humans and animals from Egypt. The current situation of toxoplasmosis in Egypt is confusing. There is no central laboratory or group of researchers actively investigating toxoplasmosis in humans or animals, and no reports on the national level are available. Based on various serological tests and convenience samples, T. gondii infections appear highly prevalent in humans and animals from Egypt. Living circumstances in Egypt favour the transmission of T. gondii. Up to 95% of domestic cats, the key host of T. gondii, are infected with T. gondii; they are abundant in rural and suburban areas, spreading T. gondii oocysts. Many women have been tested in maternity clinics, most with no definitive diagnosis. Toxoplasma gondii DNA and IgM antibodies have been found in blood samples of blood donors. Clinical toxoplasmosis in humans from Egypt needs further investigations using definitive procedures. Reports on congenital toxoplasmosis are conflicting and some reports are alarming. Although there are many serological surveys for T. gondii in animals, data on clinical infections are lacking. Here, we critically review the status of toxoplasmosis in Egypt, which should be useful to biologist, public health workers, veterinarians and physicians.
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Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Healthy Volunteer Blood Donors Using Serological and Molecular Methods from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Southwest Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.91042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection Among Β-Thalassemia Major Pediatric Population: Implications for Transfusion Transmissible Toxoplasmosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2019; 38:236-240. [PMID: 29762364 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with β-thalassemia major who regularly receive blood transfusion are at risk of developing transfusion-transmitted infection. Toxoplasmosis is a common and a serious parasitic disease with high prevalence and could be transmitted through blood transfusion from healthy asymptomatic donors. However, screening Toxoplasma gondii before blood donation has not been considered. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of T. gondii antibodies among thalassemia children undergoing blood transfusion. METHODS In a case-control study, serum samples from 211 thalassemia children and 100 control children were investigated for Toxoplasma IgM and IgG using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Positive serum samples for IgG antibodies to T. gondii were further subjected to IgG avidity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection among thalassemia children was 23.2% and 53.6% for IgM and IgG anti-Toxoplasma antibodies, respectively. Whereas in the control group, the prevalence was 5% and 18% for IgM and IgG anti-Toxoplasma antibodies, respectively. There is a significant statistical difference between thalassemia and control groups regarding the prevalence of toxoplasmosis. From these positive IgG samples, 65.5% have low avidity indicating recent infection while 38.73% have high avidity indicating past infection. CONCLUSION Due to the high serologic infection rate of toxoplasmosis among thalassemia pediatric population in this study with no existing effective therapies and no available T. gondii vaccine, appropriate strategies are critical for reducing the risk of that infection. Screening of blood for T. gondii antibodies should be considered before transmission to those children especially in countries with a high prevalence of toxoplasmosis.
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Tayeb FA, Salman YJ, Ameen KM. The Impact of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Infection on the Vitamin D3 Levels among Women in Childbearing Age in Kirkuk Province-Iraq. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/ojmm.2019.94015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Saki J, Foroutan M, Khodkar I, Khodadadi A, Nazari L. Seroprevalence and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in healthy blood donors in southwest Iran. Transfus Apher Sci 2018; 58:79-82. [PMID: 30579749 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). Blood transfusion is a probable route of T. gondii transmission. Due to lack of information about seroprevalence of T. gondii in healthy blood donors, this study was aimed to determine the chronic and acute infection using serological and molecular methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this cross-sectional investigation, 380 samples were collected from donated bloods. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Also, all IgG positive samples were tested by IgG avidity test. Eventually, to detection of active infection, DNA was extracted from IgM positive and low IgG avidity samples and then tested using nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Among 380 blood donors, 131 (34.47%) were positive for only anti-T. gondii IgG, 2 (0.5%) were positive for only anti-T. gondii IgM, and 11 (2.9%) were positive for both IgG and IgM antibodies. Then, 142 samples (131 IgG + and 11 IgG +IgM +) were evaluated using IgG avidity test. Of these, 115 (81%) had high avidity IgG indicates past infection; 16 (11.26%) had low avidity IgG representing recent infection, and 11 (7.74%) were equivocal. With nested PCR, 20 samples of 50 seropositive samples were diagnosed positive. CONCLUSION Detected active infection using nested-PCR draws attention to the possibility of T. gondii infection via blood transfusion which emphasizes the importance of parasite DNA screening before donation of blood in high risk groups such as: multi-transfused persons, immunosuppressed patient, and pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Saki
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M Foroutan
- Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - I Khodkar
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - A Khodadadi
- Department of Immunology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - L Nazari
- Blood Transfusion Organization, Ahvaz, Iran
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Alipour M, Rahimi E, Shakerian A. Retracted:Prevalence ofToxoplasma gondiiandNeospora caninumin different types of raw milk and traditional dairy product samples. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Alipour
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineShahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University Shahrekord Iran
| | - Ebrahim Rahimi
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineShahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University Shahrekord Iran
- Research Center of Nutrition and Organic ProductsShahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University Shahrekord Iran
| | - Amir Shakerian
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineShahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University Shahrekord Iran
- Research Center of Nutrition and Organic ProductsShahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University Shahrekord Iran
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Abd El Wah WM, Shaapan RM, Abd El Haf MED, Elfadaly HA, Ahmed Hamd D. Toxoplasma Gondii Infection and Associated Sociodemographic and Behavioral Risk Factors among Blood Donors. ASIAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY 2018; 11:52-58. [DOI: 10.3923/aje.2018.52.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Toxoplasma gondii in Blood Donors: A Study in Boyer-Ahmad County, Southwest Iran. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2018; 2018:3813612. [PMID: 29849610 PMCID: PMC5925030 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3813612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an important foodborne protozoan that can be transmitted through infected blood containing tachyzoite form of the parasite. The current study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of T. gondii infection and related risk factors among healthy blood donors in Boyer-Ahmad County, southwest Iran. Blood samples were taken from 285 healthy blood donors who voluntarily agreed to participate in this study. Sera and buffy coat were isolated from the blood samples for serological and molecular evaluations. The sera were tested for anti-T. gondii antibodies (both IgG and IgM), using a commercial ELISA kit. The buffy coat of seropositive cases was evaluated for detection of T. gondii DNA by PCR. Moreover, a structured questionnaire, containing socioepidemiological data and possible risk factors, was filled out by each participant during sample collection. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in sera of 48/285 (16.8%) participants. Only two of the subjects (0.7%) were seropositive for both IgG and IgM antibodies. T. gondii DNA was not detected in buffy coat of any of the seropositive cases. Risk factors such as contact with soil (OR, 9.7; 95% CI, 4.9–19.4) and consumption of semicooked meat (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2–5.03) were statistically associated with seropositivity to T. gondii. The seroprevalence rate of T. gondii antibodies in the blood donors of Boyer-Ahmad County was not high in comparison with other regions in Iran. In this study, consumption of undercooked meats, job, and contact with soil were independent risk factors associated with T. gondii infection, which can be considered as potential sources of T. gondii infection.
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Alvarado-Esquivel C, Sánchez-Anguiano LF, Hernández-Tinoco J, Ramos-Nevarez A, Estrada-Martínez S, Cerrillo-Soto SM, Medina-Heredia GE, Guido-Arreola CA, Soto-Quintero AA, Beristain-Garcia I. Association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and history of blood transfusion: a case-control seroprevalence study. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:1626-1633. [PMID: 29490516 PMCID: PMC6091851 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518757928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was performed to determine the association between seropositivity to Toxoplasma gondii and a history of blood transfusion. Methods Patients who had undergone blood transfusion (n = 410) and age- and sex-matched controls who had not undergone blood transfusion (n = 1230) were examined for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunoassays. Results Anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were detected in 57 (13.9%) patients and in 129 (10.5%) controls with a borderline difference [odds ratio (OR) = 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.98–1.92]. High anti-T. gondii IgG antibody levels (>150 IU/mL) were found in 27 (47.4%) of the 57 anti-T. gondii IgG-positive patients and in 37 (28.7%) of the 129 anti-T. gondii IgG positive controls with a significant difference (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.17–4.26). Anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies were found in 13 (22.8%) of the 57 seropositive patients and in 37 (28.7%) of the 129 seropositive controls, but the difference was not significant (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.35–1.52). Seroprevalence was significantly higher in patients aged >50 years than in controls of the same age and in female patients than in female controls. Conclusions These findings indicate that a history of blood transfusion is a risk factor for T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel
- 1 Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Juárez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad, Durango, Mexico
| | - Luis Francisco Sánchez-Anguiano
- 2 Institute for Scientific Research "Dr. Roberto Rivera-Damm," Juárez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad, Durango, Mexico
| | - Jesús Hernández-Tinoco
- 2 Institute for Scientific Research "Dr. Roberto Rivera-Damm," Juárez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad, Durango, Mexico
| | - Agar Ramos-Nevarez
- 3 Clínica de Medicina Familiar, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Predio Canoas, Durango, Mexico
| | - Sergio Estrada-Martínez
- 2 Institute for Scientific Research "Dr. Roberto Rivera-Damm," Juárez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad, Durango, Mexico
| | - Sandra Margarita Cerrillo-Soto
- 3 Clínica de Medicina Familiar, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Predio Canoas, Durango, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Alberto Guido-Arreola
- 3 Clínica de Medicina Familiar, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Predio Canoas, Durango, Mexico
| | | | - Isabel Beristain-Garcia
- 4 Facultad de Enfermería y Obstetricia, Juárez University of Durango State, Cuauhtémoc, Norte, Durango, Mexico
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Helmy YA, El-Adawy H, Abdelwhab EM. A Comprehensive Review of Common Bacterial, Parasitic and Viral Zoonoses at the Human-Animal Interface in Egypt. Pathogens 2017; 6:pathogens6030033. [PMID: 28754024 PMCID: PMC5617990 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens6030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Egypt has a unique geographical location connecting the three old-world continents Africa, Asia and Europe. It is the country with the highest population density in the Middle East, Northern Africa and the Mediterranean basin. This review summarizes the prevalence, reservoirs, sources of human infection and control regimes of common bacterial, parasitic and viral zoonoses in animals and humans in Egypt. There is a gap of knowledge conerning the epidemiology of zoonotic diseases at the human-animal interface in different localities in Egypt. Some zoonotic agents are “exotic” for Egypt (e.g., MERS-CoV and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus), others are endemic (e.g., Brucellosis, Schistosomiasis and Avian influenza). Transboundary transmission of emerging pathogens from and to Egypt occurred via different routes, mainly importation/exportation of apparently healthy animals or migratory birds. Control of the infectious agents and multidrug resistant bacteria in the veterinary sector is on the frontline for infection control in humans. The implementation of control programs significantly decreased the prevalence of some zoonoses, such as schistosomiasis and fascioliasis, in some localities within the country. Sustainable awareness, education and training targeting groups at high risk (veterinarians, farmers, abattoir workers, nurses, etc.) are important to lessen the burden of zoonotic diseases among Egyptians. There is an urgent need for collaborative surveillance and intervention plans for the control of these diseases in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra A Helmy
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Animal Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41511 Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 335516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Elsayed M Abdelwhab
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in patients with liver disease in eastern China. Epidemiol Infect 2017; 145:2296-2302. [PMID: 28677516 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268817001327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii in the pathogenesis of liver disease has recently gained much interest. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in patients with liver disease from three cities in Shandong and Henan provinces, China. A case-control study was conducted from December 2014 to November 2015 and included 1142 patients with liver disease and 1142 healthy controls. Serum samples were collected from all individuals and were examined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies. Information on the demographics, clinical, and lifestyle characteristics of the participants was collected from the medical records and by the use of a questionnaire. The prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG was 19·7% in patients with liver disease compared with 12·17% in the controls. Only 13 patients had anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies compared with 12 control individuals (1·14% vs. 1·05%, respectively). The highest seroprevalence was detected in patients with liver cancer (22·13%), followed by hepatitis patients (20·86%), liver cirrhosis patients (20·42%), and steatosis patients (20%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that consumption of raw meat (odds ratio (OR) = 1·32; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·01-1·71; P = 0·03) and source of drinking water from wells (OR = 1·56; 95% CI 1·08-2·27; P = 0·01) were independent risk factors for T. gondii infection in liver disease patients. These findings indicate that T. gondii infection is more likely to be present in patients with liver disease. Therefore, efforts should be directed toward health education of populations at high risk of T. gondii infection and measures should be taken to protect vulnerable patients with liver disease.
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Cisak E, Zając V, Sroka J, Sawczyn A, Kloc A, Dutkiewicz J, Wójcik-Fatla A. Presence of Pathogenic Rickettsiae and Protozoan in Samples of Raw Milk from Cows, Goats, and Sheep. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 14:189-194. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Cisak
- Department of Health Biohazards and Parasitology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Violetta Zając
- Department of Health Biohazards and Parasitology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Sroka
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Anna Sawczyn
- Department of Health Biohazards and Parasitology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Kloc
- Department of Health Biohazards and Parasitology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Dutkiewicz
- Department of Health Biohazards and Parasitology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Angelina Wójcik-Fatla
- Department of Health Biohazards and Parasitology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
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Mansouri A, Adhami Mojarad MR, Badfar G, Abasian L, Rahmati S, Kooti W, YektaKooshali MH, Soleymani A, Azami M. Epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii among blood donors in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Transfus Apher Sci 2017; 56:404-409. [PMID: 28433405 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asymptomatic Toxoplasma gondii transmitted from blood donors to receiving patients has become a concern. Numerous articles have been published on the epidemiology of T. gondii in blood donors in Iran and a systematic review of the results shows quite different findings, hence this study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii in Iranian blood donors using meta-analysis. METHODS We searched for epidemiological studies that were published until July 2016 in eight English databases including: Scopus, PubMed, Ovid, Science Direct, Cochrane, Web of Science, Springer, Wiley Online Library, and four Iranian databases: Magiran, Iranmedex, SID and Medlib as well as Google Scholar. To estimate pooled estimator, regarding high heterogeneity and significance of I2 index, Random effects model was used. Data analysis was conducted using Review Manager Ver5.3.5 and P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Among 10 studies with a sample size of 4538 Iranian blood donors, the seroprevalence of T. gondii was calculated to be 34.4% (CI95%: 24.9-43.9). The rate in males and females was 33.36% (CI95%: 19.92-46.81) and 37.63% (CI95%: 20.81-54.45), respectively. The seroprevalence of IgM and IgG antibodies among blood donors were 2.74% (CI95%: 0.55-4.92) and 31.84% (CI95%: 20.61-43.08), respectively. The seroprevalence of T. gondii was significantly associated regarding blood group (P=0.04), but this relation was not significant with blood transfusion (P=0.62). CONCLUSION The results of this review indicate a high seroprevalence of T. gondii (about one-third) in Iranian blood donors and emphasizes the importance of screening the seroprevalence of T. gondii of donated blood in Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Mansouri
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz jundishapour University of Medical science, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | | | - Gholamreza Badfar
- Department of Pediatrics, Behbahan School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Science, Behbahan, Iran.
| | - Lila Abasian
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Shoboo Rahmati
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Wesam Kooti
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein YektaKooshali
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Ali Soleymani
- Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
| | - Milad Azami
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
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El-Henawy AA, Hafez EAR, Nabih N, Shalaby NM, Mashaly M. Anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in Egyptian rheumatoid arthritis patients. Rheumatol Int 2017; 37:785-790. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-017-3703-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mashaly M, Nabih N, Fawzy IM, El Henawy AA. Tuberculosis/toxoplasmosis co-infection in Egyptian patients: A reciprocal impact. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:315-319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Abamecha F, Awel H. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women following antenatal care at Mizan Aman General Hospital, Bench Maji Zone (BMZ), Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:460. [PMID: 27585863 PMCID: PMC5007994 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intracellular parasite, Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii) is found worldwide. Infection with T. gondii during pregnancy can result in fetal and neonatal death or various congenital defects. A serological survey during pregnancy represents a valuable tool for the effective diagnosis and treatment of infected neonates. The aim of this study was to assess the sero-prevalence and risk factors of T.gondii in pregnant women following ante natal care (ANC) services at Mizan Aman General Hospital, Bench Maji zone (BMZ), Ethiopia. METHODS An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted enrolling a sample of 232 pregnant women attending antenatal care at Mizan Aman General Hospital during 01 December, 2014 to 18 February, 2015. Systematic random sampling technique was used to obtain the required sample. About 5 ml of blood sample was collected aseptically by using properly labeled plain tube with the necessary information. The blood samples centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min to separate serum. The serum was stored at a temperature of 20 °C below zero until the serological analysis was done for the presence of anti T.gondii antibodies (i.e. Immune globulin 'M' (IgM) and Immune globulin 'G' (IgG)) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Exit interview was conducted with eligible mothers to obtain socio-demographic and behavioral data using structured questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was employed to identify the potential predictor variables for T.gondii infection. P-value less than 5 % was considered to declare a sound significant association. RESULTS The response rate of the study was 100 %. The overall sero-prevalence for T.gondii infection was 85.3 % (198/232). About 191 (82.3 %) of the pregnant women were reactive only for IgG anti-bodies. While about 7 (3.0 %) of them were seropositive for both IgG and IgM anti-bodies. None of the mothers were positive for IgM anti-bodies exclusively. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, contact with cat and gardening soil were significantly associated with T.gondii infection (AOR =2.37, 95 % CI = [1.16, 3.57] and AOR = 2.49, 95 % CI = [1.53, 3.86] respectively. CONCLUSIONS Sero-prevalence of T. gondii antibodies for IgM was relatively high among pregnant women. Contact with cat and soil were risk factors for T.gondii case. Creating awareness on the source of infection, modes of transmission and prevention of T. gondii should be given for pregnant women. Routine screening services for T. gondii infection should be integrated with other ANC services to identify potential infections of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fira Abamecha
- Department of nursing, College of Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O.Box: 260, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, P.O.Box: 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Hasen Awel
- Department of Animal science, College of Agriculture and Natural resources, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O.Box: 260, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
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Possible Link Between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Mood Disorders in Lorestan Province, Western Iran. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.36602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Healthy Blood Donors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Sonora, Mexico. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9597276. [PMID: 27446960 PMCID: PMC4944021 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9597276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) can be transmitted by blood transfusion. We determined the prevalence of T. gondii infection in healthy blood donors in Hermosillo city, Mexico, and the association of infection with T. gondii with the sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics of blood donors. Four hundred and eight blood donors who attended two public blood banks in Hermosillo city were examined for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies by using enzyme-linked immunoassays. Of the 408 blood donors (mean age 31.77 ± 9.52; range 18–60 years old) studied, 55 (13.5%) were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies, and 12 (21.8%) of them were also positive for anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies. Multivariate analysis showed that seropositivity to T. gondii was associated with age (OR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.03–2.94; P = 0.03) and tobacco use (OR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.02–4.29; P = 0.04). Seropositivity to T. gondii was correlated with the number of pregnancies, deliveries, and cesarean sections. The seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in blood donors in Sonora is the highest reported in blood donors in northern Mexico so far. This is the first report of an association of T. gondii exposure and tobacco use. Further research to confirm this association is needed.
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Ibrahim I, Salah H, El Sayed H, Mansour H, Eissa A, Wood J, Fathi W, Tobar S, Gur RC, Gur RE, Dickerson F, Yolken RH, El Bahaey W, Nimgaonkar V. Hepatitis C virus antibody titers associated with cognitive dysfunction in an asymptomatic community-based sample. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2016; 38:861-8. [PMID: 27269819 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2016.1168780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with cognitive dysfunction in clinic-based studies. The risk could be attributed to factors such as antiviral medications, substance abuse, or coincidental infection. AIM The aim was to evaluate cognitive function in relation to HCV antibody titers in a community-based sample of asymptomatic individuals at low risk for substance abuse. METHOD Adults were ascertained from a community in Mansoura, Egypt, where HCV is endemic (n = 258). Cognitive performance was evaluated using the Arabic version of the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery. Substance abuse and psychopathology were also assessed. Antibodies to HCV and Toxoplasma gondii (TOX), a common protozoan that can affect cognition, were estimated using serological IgG assays. RESULTS The prevalence of HCV and TOX infection was 17.6% and 52.9%, respectively. HCV antibody titers were significantly associated with worse function in four cognitive tests for accuracy and three tests for speed, after adjusting for covariates (p < .05, beta coefficients, 2.1-3.2). TOX antibody titers were associated with impaired accuracy in one test. CONCLUSIONS The association between HCV antibody titers and cognitive impairment is not mediated by antiviral treatment or substance abuse in this sample. Whether HCV has a causal role in the cognitive dysfunction should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtihal Ibrahim
- b Department of Psychiatry , Mansoura University School of Medicine , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Hala Salah
- b Department of Psychiatry , Mansoura University School of Medicine , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Hanan El Sayed
- b Department of Psychiatry , Mansoura University School of Medicine , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Hader Mansour
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic , Pittsburgh , PA , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry , Mansoura University School of Medicine , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Ahmed Eissa
- b Department of Psychiatry , Mansoura University School of Medicine , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Joel Wood
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Warda Fathi
- b Department of Psychiatry , Mansoura University School of Medicine , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Salwa Tobar
- b Department of Psychiatry , Mansoura University School of Medicine , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Ruben C Gur
- d Neuropsychiatry Section, Department of Psychiatry , University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- d Neuropsychiatry Section, Department of Psychiatry , University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Faith Dickerson
- e Department of Pediatrics , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Robert H Yolken
- f Department of Pediatrics , Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Wafaa El Bahaey
- b Department of Psychiatry , Mansoura University School of Medicine , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Vishwajit Nimgaonkar
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic , Pittsburgh , PA , USA.,c Department of Human Genetics , Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
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Seroprevalence and epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in farm animals in different regions of Egypt. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2016; 3-4:1-6. [PMID: 31014492 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan protozoan disease that has been recorded in a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including humans. In response to the paucity of available data, this study was undertaken to comprehensively establish the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among various farm animals in different localities of Egypt. The latex agglutination test and TgGRA7-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to screen the investigated animals for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies. When only samples with simultaneously positive results for both the latex agglutination test and the TgGRA7-based ELISA were considered positive, 174 (26.7%) of 652 serum samples from different animals were seropositive. The prevalence of antibodies according to species was: sheep 38.7%, goats 28.7%, cattle 23.6%, and donkeys 22.6%. Thus, prevalence rate was significantly higher in sheep than in cattle or donkeys. The prevalence was also significantly higher in Kafr El Sheikh than in the other governorates investigated (Qena, Sohag, Minoufiya, and Matrouh). No significant differences were observed in age, sex, locality, or breeding system when evaluated as predisposing factors for T. gondii infection in cattle. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the high prevalence for T. gondii-specific antibodies among different animal species in southern and northern localities of Egypt, and provides valuable new data on the prevalence of T. gondii in donkeys, which are used as a food for carnivorous animals, particularly in the feline family, at Giza Zoo, Egypt.
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Do we need to screen Egyptian voluntary blood donors for toxoplasmosis? ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)61027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Foroutan-Rad M, Majidiani H, Dalvand S, Daryani A, Kooti W, Saki J, Hedayati-Rad F, Ahmadpour E. Toxoplasmosis in Blood Donors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Transfus Med Rev 2016; 30:116-22. [PMID: 27145927 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Transfusion-transmissible infections include pathogens that may cause severe and debilitating diseases. Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan neglected parasitic infection that can lead to severe complications including death in immune-compromised patients or following infection in utero. Multiple studies have demonstrated the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii by blood transfusion. The objective of this review was to comprehensively assess the seroprevalence rate of Toxoplasma in blood donors from a worldwide perspective. Seven electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, Ovid, and Google Scholar) were searched using medical subject headings terms. A total of 43 records met the inclusion criteria in which 20,964 donors were tested during the period from January 1980 to June 2015. The overall weighted prevalence of exposure to toxoplasmosis in blood donors was 33% (95% confidence interval [CI], 28%-39%). The seroprevalences of immunoglobulin (Ig)M and both IgG and IgM antibodies were 1.8% (95% CI, 1.1%-2.4%) and 1.1% (95% CI, 0.3%-1.8%), respectively. The highest and the lowest seroprevalences of toxoplasmosis were observed in Africa (46%; 95% CI, 14%-78%) and in Asia (29%; 95% CI, 23%-35%), respectively. Brazil (75%) and Ethiopia (73%) were identified as countries with high seroprevalence. Because positive serology does not imply infectiousness and because seroprevalence is high in some nations, a positive serology test result alone cannot be used as an effective method for donor screening. Future research for methods to prevent transfusion-transmitted toxoplasmosis may derive benefit from studies conducted in areas of high endemicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Foroutan-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Majidiani
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sahar Dalvand
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Daryani
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Wesam Kooti
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Jasem Saki
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Faezeh Hedayati-Rad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Ahmadpour
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among patients with non-schizophrenic neurodevelopmental disorders in Alexandria, Egypt. Acta Trop 2016; 154:155-9. [PMID: 26656562 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic parasite with neurotropic characteristics that can mediate neurodevelopmental disorders, including mental, behavioral and personality aspects of their hosts. Therefore, the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies has been studied in patients with different neurological disorders from different localities. On searching online databases, however, we could not find published studies on the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies among patients with neurodevelopmental disorders in Egypt. Therefore, the present preliminary study was conducted to determine the serological profile of T. gondii infection among patients with non-schizophrenic neurodevelopmental disorders in Alexandria, Egypt. Data and blood samples were collected from 188 patients recruited for the study from four mental rehabilitation centers in the period from July 2014 to March 2015. The overall seropositivity rates of IgM and IgG among patients were 16.5% (31/188) and 50.0% (94/188), respectively. Of the studied patients' characteristics, only age was significantly associated with anti-Toxoplasma IgG seropositivity, with older patients being about twice more likely exposed to infection. However, no statistically significant association was found with IgM. In addition, seropositivity of anti-Toxoplasma IgG, but not IgM, was significantly associated with non-schizophrenic neurodevelopmental disorders; however, neither IgG nor IgM showed a significant association with cognitive impairment as indicated by the intelligence quotient scores.
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Mahmoudvand H, Saedi Dezaki E, Soleimani S, Baneshi MR, Kheirandish F, Ezatpour B, Zia-Ali N. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among healthy blood donors in south-east of Iran. Parasite Immunol 2016; 37:362-7. [PMID: 25891186 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This prospective cross-sectional study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of IgM and IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies and the associated risk factors among healthy blood donors in Kerman province, south-eastern Iran. Structured questionnaires (before the donors gave blood) were used to obtain information on risk factors for infection. Totally, 500 serum samples from healthy blood donors of Kerman Blood Transfusion Organization (KBTO) at Kerman, Iran, were screened for IgG and IgM anti-T. gondii antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Roche Elecsys Toxo IgM assay. Real-time PCR was used to detect DNA of T. gondii in the IgM-positive samples. Seroprevalence of IgG and IgM anti-T. gondii antibodies was 28.8% and 3.2%, respectively. In the multiple logistic regression, it could be observed that living in rural regions, having B blood type, being in contact with cats, consuming raw vegetables and raw milk/egg and doing agricultural activities were independent risk factors for Toxoplasma seropositivity. T. gondii DNA was also found in one (9.0%) of IgM-positive samples. In this study, it was found that T. gondii infection was present among healthy blood donors in south-east of Iran. Therefore, it is suggested to design screening programmes for preventing transfusion-transmitted toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mahmoudvand
- Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - E Saedi Dezaki
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - S Soleimani
- Kerman Blood Transfusion Organization, Kerman, Iran
| | - M R Baneshi
- Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute of Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - F Kheirandish
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - B Ezatpour
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - N Zia-Ali
- Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Davami MH, Pourahmad M, Baharlou R, Jahromi AS, Vasmejani AA, Solhjoo K, Fallah HR, Kalantari M. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma infection in blood donors in Jahrom District, Southern Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Boughattas S. Toxoplasmainfection and milk consumption: Meta-analysis of assumptions and evidences. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:2924-2933. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1084993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abd El-Rehim El-Henawy A, Abdel-Razik A, Zakaria S, Elhammady D, Saudy N, Azab MS. Is toxoplasmosis a potential risk factor for liver cirrhosis? ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:784-91. [PMID: 26522292 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) antibody status in patients with liver disease, blood samples were taken from 180 hepatic patients and 180 healthy controls. METHODS Toxoplasma IgG antibody was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and histopathological assessment of liver biopsy METAVIR score was applied. RESULTS Anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were found in 32.8% of patients and in 22.2% of controls (P = 0.02). Toxoplasma seropositivity was significantly associated with lymphadenopathy, history of blood transfusion and reflex impairment in patients. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and chronic HCV-related cirrhosis groups compared to chronic HBV and chronic HBV-related cirrhosis groups expressed significantly higher prevalence of T. gondii seropositivity (odds ratio (OR) = 4; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-12.6; P = 0.013, OR = 4.8; 95% CI: 1.5-14.9; P = 0.006, respectively). Within the chronic HCV group, T. gondii seropositivity significantly associated disease evolution as regards to METAVIR histopathological system for fibrosis and inflammation (OR = 19.4; 95% CI: 2.3-165.2; P = 0.0008, OR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.1-0.8; P = 0.01, respectively). Albumin, international normalized ratio (INR) and platelets count were the laboratory parameters significantly altered in Toxoplasma-positive chronic HCV patients (P = 0.001, 0.03, 0.04, respectively). Child-Pugh scoring for cirrhosis in chronic HCV group placed the majority of seropositive patient in class C with significant statistical difference compared to Child A reference group (OR = 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01-0.5; P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Toxoplasma seropositivity was high in patients with cirrhosis and associated higher grades of inflammation and necrosis signifying disease evolution, suggesting that cirrhotic patients may thus form a risk group for toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Razik
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Sahar Zakaria
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Dina Elhammady
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Niveen Saudy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Manar Sobh Azab
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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El-Nahas HA, El-Tantawy NL, Farag RE, Alsalem AM. Toxoplasma gondii infection among chronic hepatitis C patients: a case-control study. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 7:589-593. [PMID: 25149371 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the detection rate of anti-Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) IgG and IgM in chronic HCV patients attending the Department of Tropical Medicine Mansoura University hospital in Egypt. METHODS This study included 120 adult chronic HCV patients, 81 decompensate cirrhosis (late-stage) and 39 chronic HCV non cirrhotic patients (early-stage) and 40 healthy blood donors as controls. Serum samples were examined for anti-Toxoplasma IgM and anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies by ELISA. Real-time RT-polymerase chain reaction assay was done for quantitation of hepatitis C virus. RESULTS Anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were detected in 75 (92.6%) of 81 late-stage cirrhotic patients, 30 (76.9%) of the 39 chronic HCV non cirrhotic patients (early-stage) and in 6 (15%) of 40 controls with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). Anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies were found in 11 (13.6%) in late stage patients, 5 (12.8%) in early stage and in 3 (7.5%) of controls with no statistical significant difference (P=0.610). There was no correlation between stage of fibrosis and IgM or IgG antibodies positivity in our studied groups (P=0.526). High IgG levels significantly correlated with high viral load (P=0.026). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the serious opportunistic T. gondii infection represent a potential significant risk for chronic HCV patients. So, toxoplasmosis should be considered in their investigations and follow-up.
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Boughattas S. Commentary on: "Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in raw caprine, ovine, buffalo, bovine, and camel milk using cell cultivation, cat bioassay, capture ELISA, and PCR methods in Iran". Front Microbiol 2015; 6:215. [PMID: 25852672 PMCID: PMC4364284 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Boughattas
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University Cheongju, South Korea
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Gebremedhin EZ, Yunus HA, Tesfamaryam G, Tessema TS, Dawo F, Terefe G, Di Marco V, Vitale M. First report of Toxoplasma gondii in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Ethiopia: bioassay and seroepidemiological investigation. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:222. [PMID: 25266944 PMCID: PMC4189602 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toxoplasmosis is a major public health concern in many countries of the world. A cross-sectional and follow up experimental study designs were used for seroepidemiological and bioassay studies, respectively from November 2012 to April 2013. The objectives were to estimate the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection, to assess risk factors and to isolate the parasite from camels in the Fentale district, Ethiopia. A direct agglutination test (DAT) and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to test camel sera. Hearts and tongues (each 25 g) from 31 seropositive camels were bioassayed in mice. Associations between seroprevalence and potential risk factors (collected using a questionnaire survey) were analyzed using logistic regression. Results An overall T. gondii prevalence of 49.62% (220/455) by DAT and 40.49% (179/451) by indirect ELISA test were detected. Herd level seroprevalence of 96.77% (30/31) (95% CI: 83.30– 99.92) by DAT was recorded and it was significantly higher in areas where wild felids are present (P = 0.038). Multivariable logistic regression showed that the likelihood of acquiring T. gondii infection was significantly higher in camels in the Ilala pastoral association [PA] (82.26%) (Adjusted Odds ratio [aOR] = 10.8; P < 0.001) than camels in the Galcha PA (31.43%), in camels of ≥ 8 years old (56.52%; aOR = 1.88; P = 0,033) than camels of ≤ 4 years old (34.26%) and in areas where domestic cats are present (aOR = 4.16; P = 0.006). All camel owners were uneducated, handle aborted fetus with bare hands, and drink raw camel milk. DAT and ELISA tests had moderate agreement (Kappa = 0.41). Viable T. gondii were isolated from 16.13% (5/31) of DAT positive camels. One DAT positive but ELISA negative camel sample gave a cyst positive result. Conclusions T. gondii infection of camels in the study district is widespread. Age, presence of domestic cats and study PA are independent predictors of T. gondii seropositivity. Isolation of viable parasites from edible tissues of camels and the very poor knowledge of pastoralists about toxoplasmosis suggest the need for prevention of toxoplasmosis through bio-security measures, education and further investigation to unravel the impact of camel toxoplasmosis deserves consideration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-014-0222-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Hammond-Aryee K, Esser M, Van Helden PD. Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence studies on humans and animals in Africa. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/20786204.2014.10855349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Hammond-Aryee
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University
| | - M Esser
- NHLS Immunology Unit, Tygerberg; Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University
- Pediatrics Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Clinics, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg Hospital
- Primary Immunodeficiency Register of South Africa
| | - PD Van Helden
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University
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